{"id":8,"date":"2025-06-16T21:32:10","date_gmt":"2025-06-16T21:32:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/greatermanchesterplacenames.net\/?page_id=8"},"modified":"2026-03-25T09:31:11","modified_gmt":"2026-03-25T09:31:11","slug":"dictionary","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/greatermanchesterplacenames.net\/?page_id=8","title":{"rendered":"Dictionary"},"content":{"rendered":"

GREATER MANCHESTER PLACE NAMES<\/strong><\/h1>\n

Compiled by Richard West
\nCover image under licence from Alamy.\u00a0 Reference OY0101324868<\/p>\n

Download complete file here <\/a>(last updated March 2026)<\/p>\n

INTRODUCTION<\/strong><\/h2>\n

It is now more than 50 years since the formation of Greater Manchester but there is still no full account of the place names of Britain\u2019s second-most populous county.\u00a0 Harland\u2019s gazetteer of 1862 gave the origins of many of the place names in the city of Manchester and Johnston\u2019s Place-Names of England and Wales of 1915 gave a number of names in the Manchester area, but, until 1974, most of what is now Greater Manchester was included in Lancashire and Cheshire.\u00a0 The place names of these counties have been quite well documented but most of the books dealing with these place names either pre-date 1974 or ignore the 1974 boundaries and describe places as still being in Lancashire or Cheshire, despite the fact that Greater Manchester has existed for more than 50 years and now includes many places that did not even exist in 1974.<\/p>\n

The present work explores the place names of Greater Manchester from the earliest, which probably date from the 7th<\/sup> century, to those which have emerged in the 21st<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It does not pretend to be comprehensive but is intended to be a first attempt to compile a guide to the many place names of our county.\u00a0 It is, however, very much a work in progress and it appears online so that others can contribute by filling the gaps and correcting the errors.<\/p>\n

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INTRODUCTION TO THE SECOND EDITION<\/strong><\/p>\n

This enlarged version now contains over 1500 entries \u2013 an increase of more than 50%.\u00a0 Additions and corrections have been made in the light of feedback from Mancunians across the county, and I am deeply grateful for their contributions.<\/p>\n

I have also revisited the places that were omitted from the first edition and nearly all of the towns, villages and suburbs included on modern maps have now been listed.\u00a0 Attention has also been given to the numerous rivers, streams, brooks, reservoirs and \u2018flashes\u2019 across the county which have generally been neglected by academic studies of place names in the region.\u00a0 The result is that the new edition can claim to be far more comprehensive than the first.<\/p>\n

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Contact<\/strong>:\u00a0 west46 [at] btinternet.com<\/p>\n

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ENTRIES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Each entry consists of the following:<\/p>\n

Place name<\/strong>:\u00a0 There is no hard and fast definition of \u2018place\u2019 \u2013 most of the places included are settlements or natural features, but streets and individual buildings are generally not listed, although there are notable exceptions.\u00a0 The starting was the list of places and areas in the AZ Greater Manchester Street Atlas, and the origins of about 90% of these places have been traced and listed.\u00a0\u00a0 Other places, particularly rivers, brooks and parks, have been added.\u00a0 Obvious or derived place names such as Salford Town Hall or West Didsbury are not included.<\/p>\n

Location<\/strong>:\u00a0 Which metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester the place can be found in.<\/p>\n

Date<\/strong>:\u00a0 When the place was first recorded, although many places may have existed for many years, even centuries, before we find any documentary evidence of their existence, typically in the first Ordnance Survey maps of the 19th<\/sup> century.<\/p>\n

Variations<\/strong>:\u00a0 Variant names and spellings are indicated briefly.<\/p>\n

Meaning<\/strong>:\u00a0 The literal meaning of the name where this is not self-evident.<\/p>\n

Etymology<\/strong>:\u00a0 The derivation of each name, with the language of origin or the personal name of an eponym where known.\u00a0 Where an etymology is uncertain, this is indicated, as are alternative possibilities.<\/p>\n

Cross references<\/strong> to other place names in the book (marked in bold).<\/p>\n

Appendices<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nAppendix 1<\/strong><\/td>\nDomesday Book entries for Greater Manchester<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nAppendix 2<\/strong><\/td>\nLowry locations in Greater Manchester<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nAppendix 3<\/strong><\/td>\nValette locations in Greater Manchester<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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GLOSSARY<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Aspirational<\/strong> place names are names that are consciously chosen to reflect the hopes that the inhabitants have for their future lives in that place.\u00a0 An early example is Breightmet<\/strong>, meaning \u2018beautiful meadow\u2019 and recorded in 1257.\u00a0 Later on, it was often a hope to escape from the \u2018dark satanic mills\u2019 of the industrial revolution in Greater Manchester.\u00a0 Examples include Belle Vue<\/strong>, Fairfield<\/strong>, Flowery Field<\/strong>, Garden Suburb<\/strong>, Lark Hill<\/strong> and Hazel Grove<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Eponyms<\/strong> are words derived from the name of a person.\u00a0 Eponyms are widely used as place names across the world.\u00a0 In the Greater Manchester area many eponymic place names date from the Anglo-Saxon period.\u00a0 In these cases, their names have survived far longer than any memory or record of who they were or what they did.\u00a0 Some eponyms are much later, dating from the 18th<\/sup> or 19th<\/sup> centuries \u2013 Ashburys<\/strong>, Bridgewater<\/strong> Canal<\/strong>, Brooklands<\/strong> and Simister<\/strong> \u2013 and in most cases we know the name of the person they are named for and often a lot about their lives and why they have been commemorated in a place name.\u00a0 The person whose surname gives us the most eponyms in Greater Manchester is Sir Robert Peel<\/em> (1788-1850), a former prime minister and founder of the modern police force, who was born in Bury and who is commemorated in Peel Park<\/strong>, Peel Tower<\/strong> and (more obliquely) the Peel Centre <\/strong>in Stockport. \u00a0However, eponyms can also be taken from a person\u2019s forename.\u00a0 The most common are names of queens \u2013 Victoria <\/strong>and Alexandra<\/strong> \u2013 but there also examples from unknown people, mostly landowners or farmers (e.g. Bryan Hey<\/strong>, Dick Hill<\/strong>, Ellenor Brook<\/strong>, Mode Wheel<\/strong>, Norman Hill, Patricroft<\/strong>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Etymology<\/strong> is the study of the origin and history of a word, tracing it back to its original language and form, and often the date when it was first recorded.\u00a0 Many place names in Greater Manchester can be traced back more than a thousand years, with places derived from Celtic or Old Welsh (including the first element of Manchester<\/strong>), a few from Latin (Viridor<\/strong>, the second element of Manchester<\/strong>), Old Norse, Old English, Norman French, Modern French (Belle Vue<\/strong>), Gaelic (Ducie Bridge<\/strong>), Spanish (Calamanco<\/strong>), Greek (Adelphi<\/strong>, Eccles<\/strong>), Hebrew (Jericho<\/strong>, Salem<\/strong>), Catalan (Montserrat<\/strong>) and Arabic (Etihad<\/strong>).\u00a0 In a good many cases the etymology may be uncertain or even unknown.\u00a0 In these cases, this is indicated and different theories or suggestions are given.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Folk etymology<\/strong> is a false derivation which may be commonly believed but which is not true or accurate.\u00a0 Examples from Greater Manchester include Adswood<\/strong> (often said to be \u2018Adders\u2019 wood\u2019), Denton <\/strong>(\u2018Dane town\u2019), Gorton<\/strong> (\u2018gore town\u2019), Oldham<\/strong> (said to be derived from owls), Reddish<\/strong> (\u2018blood red\u2019 from an ancient battle), Salford<\/strong> (\u2018salt\u2019 + \u2018ford\u2019) and Wigan<\/strong> (said to be from the Wiggin tree).\u00a0 Most notably, it is often believed that the first element of Manchester<\/strong> is derived from \u2018adult male\u2019, despite its actual female origins, and there continue to be campaigns to change the name of the city or its football teams.<\/p>\n

Folk etymology is sometimes included in and perpetuated by a place\u2019s coat of arms.\u00a0 Examples in Greater Manchester include Bolton<\/strong> (said to derive from a crossbow bolt<\/em>), Oldham (owl <\/em>+ ham) and Wigan (the coat of arms depicts a wiggin <\/em>tree).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Gentrification\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>Manchester was well aware of its grim industrial reputation and sometimes transferred place names from more affluent or fashionable and aristocratic areas in order to \u2018gentrify\u2019 a neighbourhood.\u00a0 This practice seems to have begun in the 16th<\/sup> century, when Spring Gardens was developed in Manchester around the Fountain Street, and the surrounding streets were given names from those around Spring Gardens in London \u2013 Cheapside, Chancery Lane, Bow Lane, Half Moon Street and Milk Street.\u00a0 It was also common at the end of the 18th<\/sup> century, when names such as Adelphi<\/strong>, Piccadilly<\/strong>, New Islington<\/strong>, Oxford Road<\/strong>, Grosvenor<\/strong> Square<\/strong>, Paddington<\/strong> and New Windsor<\/strong> were all adopted.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hybrids <\/strong>are place names which are composed of elements from two or more different languages.\u00a0 The most conspicuous example is Manchester<\/strong>, in which the Celtic mamm<\/em> (\u2018breast\u2019) is combined with the Old English ceaster<\/em> (\u2018Roman fort\u2019) from Latin castra <\/em>(\u2018camp\u2019).\u00a0 Almost uniquely, Cheadle Hulme<\/strong> combines elements from three languages:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cheadle is a hybrid:\u00a0 the Celtic c\u0113d<\/em>, meaning \u2018wood\u2019, + Old English l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018clearing\u2019) + Old Danish hulme<\/em>, meaning \u2018raised ground in a marsh\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rationalisation<\/strong> is the process of altering the spelling of a place name so that it conforms to modern spelling and the name seems to become more transparent, even though it may have nothing to do with its actual etymology.\u00a0\u00a0 A notable example is Strangeways<\/strong>, which is not derived from either \u2018strange\u2019 or \u2018ways\u2019.\u00a0 It is actually derived from Old English strang<\/em>, \u2018strong\u2019, and waesce<\/em>, meaning ‘flooding’, but this meaning was lost and the modern spelling was adopted as early as 1326 by those trying to find meaning in its name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Reduplication <\/strong>is a process whereby two elements in the place name mean the same, usually because the meaning of the first element has been lost.\u00a0 An example is Platt Bridge<\/strong>, where Middle English platt<\/em> means \u2018bridge\u2019 and the addition of Modern English bridge<\/em> is tautologous.\u00a0 Other examples include Calderbrook<\/strong>, Cheadle<\/strong>, Glodwick<\/strong>, Pendlebury<\/strong>, Wardle<\/strong> and Whittle Hill<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Standardisation<\/strong> is the process by which disputed names or spellings become fixed or standardised by the need to choose one through a formal naming process. This process was especially notable in the 19th<\/sup> century when the Ordnance Survey, the railway companies and the Post Office had to decide which name or spelling would be used.\u00a0 One example in Greater Manchester is Bramhall<\/strong>, where the 19th-century owner of the local country house insisted on Bramall without an H but the Manchester & Birmingham Railway chose Bramhall with an H when it named its station in 1845.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Transfer\u00a0 <\/strong>A number of place names in Greater Manchester have been transferred from places elsewhere.\u00a0 This may be because the original place had special significance (Blackfriars<\/strong>, Denzell Gardens<\/strong>, Kingston<\/strong>, Maine Road<\/strong>, New Manchester<\/strong>, Whalley Range<\/strong>, Bruntwood<\/strong>, Richmond Hill<\/strong>) or was the site of a military victory or defeat (Alma Park<\/strong>, Bunker Hill<\/strong>, Crown Point<\/strong>, Gallipoli Gardens<\/strong>, Gibraltar<\/strong>, Victory<\/strong>, Waterloo<\/strong>, Trafalgar Square<\/strong>), or, most recently, celebrates the twinning of towns in Greater Manchester with European towns (Armentieres Square<\/strong>, Peine Square<\/strong>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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TIMELINE OF GREATER MANCHESTER PLACE NAMES <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
The timeline below highlights the main eras and dates in the history of Greater Manchester and shows how place names across the county exemplify the naming practices of its inhabitants at those times.\u00a0 The names in bold are included as main entries in the dictionary.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
THE CELTS<\/strong><\/p>\n

c.750 BC onwards<\/td>\n

The Celts were living in north-west England from about the 8th<\/sup> century BC but they were either displaced or assimilated by later invaders.\u00a0 Few of their place names survive.\u00a0 As elsewhere in England, the names of many of the rivers of what is now Greater Manchester are possibly of Celtic origin:\u00a0 Calder<\/strong>, Douglas<\/strong>, Glaze<\/strong>, Goyt<\/strong>, Irk<\/strong> and Tame<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area would have been sparsely populated but several place names provide evidence of Celtic occupation around Wigan:\u00a0 Wigan<\/strong> itself, Bryn<\/strong>, Culcheth<\/strong>, Ince-in-Makerfield<\/strong>, Kenyon<\/strong>, Pemberton<\/strong> and Shevington<\/strong>, and Cheadle<\/strong>, Cheetham<\/strong> and Cheetwood<\/strong> all share the same Celtic root (c\u0113d<\/em> \u2018wood\u2019), suggesting that all were Celtic settlements at an early date, and it has been suggested that this area has one of the heaviest concentrations of Celtic names in England.<\/p>\n

The Celts are also recalled in Wallgate <\/strong>and Walton<\/strong>, both derived from the Anglo-Saxon term for the Celts \u2013 the wealh <\/em>(i.e. the Welsh).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

ROMANS<\/strong><\/p>\n

AD 78 AD – 410<\/td>\n

In AD 78-86 the Roman invaders built a fort that is usually said to have been named Mamucium<\/strong>, derived from the Celtic for \u2018breast-shaped hill\u2019.\u00a0 The name was later Anglicised as Manchester<\/strong>, preserving the Latin castra<\/em> (\u2018camp\u2019).\u00a0 The Roman legions abandoned their fort in about AD 410, but, despite this long occupation, there are no place names in Greater Manchester preserving the original Latin, although some seem to be translations of earlier Latin names.\u00a0 Suggestions that Manchester\u2019s River Tib <\/strong>may have been named after the Tiber<\/em> in Rome may simply be fanciful.<\/p>\n

Although there are no place names in Greater Manchester which are derived from Latin, there are several Anglo-Saxon names which acknowledge Roman forts:\u00a0 Alport<\/strong>, Castlefield<\/strong>, Castleshaw<\/strong> and Littleborough<\/strong>.\u00a0 Old English str\u01e3t <\/em>in Stretford <\/strong>and Trafford<\/strong> refers to the Roman road to Chester.<\/p>\n

It should be noted that Roman Lakes<\/strong> Leisure Park was a 19th<\/sup>-century invention that had nothing to do with the Romans.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

ANGLO-SAXONS<\/strong><\/p>\n

c. AD 450 onwards<\/td>\n

The majority of Greater Manchester place names recorded before the industrial revolution are derived from Old English \u2013 the language of the Anglo-Saxon invaders who spread over much of England from the 5th<\/sup> century onwards.\u00a0 They generally constructed their place names from two or three elements:\u00a0 a generic element identifying the type of place it was and another element coming first to distinguish it from others with the same generic element.\u00a0 So, for example, Heaton <\/strong>(\u2018high village\u2019) was distinguished from Lowton<\/strong> (\u2018low village\u2019).\u00a0 The Anglo-Saxons used several main types of elements:<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n\u00a8<\/td>\nEponyms <\/strong>\u00a0Many Anglo-Saxon places were named after leaders, but, of course, we know little or nothing of the men and women who gave their names to Ardwick<\/strong>, Baguley<\/strong>, Cadishaw<\/strong>, Chorlton<\/strong>, Crumpsall<\/strong>, or Pilsworth<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is often easy to spot an Anglo-Saxon eponym as any name formed with -ing-<\/em> (\u2018followers, people of\u2019) + –t\u016bn <\/em>(\u2018village, estate, etc\u2019) is likely to be named after an Anglo-Saxon leader \u2013 Brinnington<\/strong>, Dumplington<\/strong>, Partington<\/strong>, Pennington<\/strong>, Pilkington<\/strong>, Shevington<\/strong>, Torkington<\/strong>, Tottington<\/strong>, Withington<\/strong> and Worthington<\/strong>.\u00a0 For some reason, there are no longer any Greater Manchester names with -ing-<\/em> + –t\u016bn<\/em> to compare with Birmingham, Nottingham or Sandringham (but see earlier spelling of Altrincham<\/strong>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n\u00a8<\/td>\nTopographical <\/strong>\u00a0The second category of Anglo-Saxon place names is those derived from the geography of the area \u2013 the hills and valleys, rivers and streams, and moors and marshes.\u00a0 In the Greater Manchester area, these follow a clear pattern as the landscape changes from east to west:<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Moors<\/strong><\/td>\nMoors are barren uplands that are generally unsuitable for agriculture.\u00a0 There are over 3000 listed places with moor<\/em> as their final element, approximately half of them in Yorkshire.\u00a0 In Greater Manchester there are about 20 moor<\/em> places nearly all in the east, on the edge of the Pennines and Peaks (Moorside<\/strong>).\u00a0 In the south of the county, the old Roman road to Buxton (the A6) marks a boundary, with Great<\/strong> Moor<\/strong>, Heaton Moor, Bramhall Moor<\/strong> and Woodsmoor<\/strong> along the road and contrasting with the nearby Shaw Heath<\/strong> to the west.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mosses<\/strong><\/td>\nTo the west and north-east of the county are the mosses \u2013 bogs or swamps that often made settlement or travel difficult.\u00a0 The name and the phenomenon are distinct to north-west England, as Daniel Defoe noted:\u00a0 \u2018On the road to Manchester, we pass\u2019d the great bog or waste call\u2019d Chat Moss, the first of that kind that we see in England, from any of the south parts hither.\u00a0 It extends on the left-hand of the road for five or six miles east and west, and they told us it was, in some places, seven or eight miles from north to south.\u2019\u00a0 The element is found in at least twenty places as Barton Moss<\/strong>, Broadhead Moss<\/strong>, Chat Moss<\/strong>, Featherbed Moss<\/strong>, Hale Moss<\/strong>, Kearsley<\/strong> Moss<\/strong>, Kitt\u2019s Moss<\/strong>, Little Moss<\/strong>, Moss Side<\/strong>, Mossley<\/strong>, Moston<\/strong>, Shadow Moss<\/strong> and, somewhat corrupted, Moses Gate<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Brooks<\/strong><\/td>\nAs we have seen, most of the major rivers in Greater Manchester have names which are probably Celtic in origin, but these are fed by countless muddy brooks flowing from the east, most of which have Anglo-Saxon names.\u00a0 These brooks may flow down steep valleys or cloughs<\/em> (Stoneclough<\/strong>), gentler dales <\/em>(Rochdale<\/strong>) or long deans\/-dens<\/em> (Denton<\/strong>, Droylsden<\/strong>, Walkden<\/strong>) with paths or roads, or meander round a nook or halh <\/em>(Bramhall<\/strong>, Crumpsall<\/strong>, Hale<\/strong>, Haugh<\/strong>) or a tongue (Tonge<\/strong>, Taunton<\/strong>).\u00a0 The rivers and brooks were crossed by fords<\/em> (Salford<\/strong>, Stretford<\/strong>, Trafford<\/strong>) and later by bridges \u2013 Platt<\/strong>, meaning bridge, is found from 1212 and bridge<\/em> itself occurs in Manchester\u2019s Hanging Bridge<\/strong>, dating from 1343.\u00a0 Settlements were frequently established beside these fords and bridges.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Woods<\/strong><\/td>\nThe flood plain of Greater Manchester between the moors to the east and the mosses to the west was originally heavily wooded, although much of the forest had been cleared by the time the Anglo-Saxons arrived.\u00a0 We find many places that have wood<\/em> in their name (Woodley<\/strong>, Woodford<\/strong>, Woodhouses<\/strong>), <\/strong>but many more that are copses or shaws<\/em> (Audenshaw<\/strong>, Openshaw<\/strong>, Shaw<\/strong>, Wythenshawe<\/strong>).<\/p>\n

Amongst the woods, settlements were established in clearings, and names with the element –lee\/-leigh\/-le<\/em> meaning \u2018woodland clearing\u2019 are especially common (Leigh<\/strong>, Cheadle<\/strong>, Edgeley<\/strong>, Romiley<\/strong>, Stayley<\/strong>, Stalybridge<\/strong>, Worsley<\/strong>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

<\/td>\n\u00a8<\/td>\nVegetation<\/strong>\u00a0 There are many places named after different types of wood, although this is not always obvious\u00a0 \u2013 Ashton<\/strong>, Beech Hill<\/strong>, Birch<\/strong>, Firswood<\/strong>, Hollins<\/strong> (holly), Horwich<\/strong> (wych elm), Ogden<\/strong> (oak), Sale <\/strong>(willow), Salford<\/strong> (willow), Withington <\/strong>(willow), and Wythenshawe <\/strong>(willow).\u00a0 There are also names which are derived from the uses to which the wood was put \u2013 for making poles (Bollinhurst<\/strong>), brooms (Bramhall<\/strong>, Brimrod<\/strong>), staves (Stalybridge<\/strong>) and timber (Timperley<\/strong>).<\/p>\n

There are relatively few places named for other types of vegetation.\u00a0 Several places indicate that reeds or rushes, which could be used for thatching (Thatch Leach<\/strong>), could be found (Broadbent<\/strong>, Lever<\/strong>, Reddish<\/strong>, Sedgley<\/strong>).\u00a0 Some places are names after vegetables \u2013 celery (Agecroft<\/strong>), watercress (Kearsley<\/strong>, Kersal<\/strong>), and wild garlic (Ramsbottom<\/strong>) \u2013 and others indicate that cereal crops such as barley (Barlow Fold<\/strong>, Barlow Moor<\/strong>, Pemberton<\/strong>) and rye (Ryton<\/strong>, Ryecroft<\/strong>) were being grown.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

<\/td>\n\u00a8<\/td>\nAnimals<\/strong>\u00a0 The Anglo-Saxons also named many places after animals and birds, especially deer (Hartshead<\/strong>, Hattersley<\/strong>, Roe Green<\/strong>), goats (Bucklow<\/strong>, Gatley<\/strong>), pigs (Boarshaw<\/strong>, Swinton<\/strong>), cranes (Cornbrook<\/strong>) and hawks (Hawkley<\/strong>).\u00a0 Perhaps surprisingly in a region with so many rivers, there are very few places named after fish (Compstall<\/strong>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n\u00a8<\/td>\nDirectional <\/strong>\u00a0While there are several names indicating the northern location of places (Norbury<\/strong>, Norley<\/strong>, Northenden<\/strong>, Northern Moor<\/strong>), compass points were also used for distinguishing purposes:\u00a0 Norden<\/strong> (= northern valley) and Sudden <\/strong>(= southern valley), Astley<\/strong> (east Leigh) and Westleigh<\/strong>, Haughton <\/strong>and Westhaughton<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHRISTIANITY<\/strong><\/p>\n

6th<\/sup>-7th<\/sup> centuries onwards<\/td>\n

Christianity spread to the area of Greater Manchester in the 6th<\/sup> and 7th<\/sup> centuries and evidence of this is found in place names across the county, although little or nothing is known of the monks commemorated in Monsall<\/strong> or Monton<\/strong>, the priests in Prestolee, <\/strong>\u00a0Prestwich <\/strong>or Priestnall<\/strong>, the kirk at Kirkmanshulme<\/strong> or of any abbey in Abbey Hey<\/strong>.\u00a0 Rooden<\/strong> and possibly Blackrod<\/strong> retain the Old English r\u014dd<\/em> (meaning \u2018cross\u2019) before it was supplanted by the Gaelic or Norse cross<\/em>, which is found in other, presumably later place names.\u00a0 Eccles<\/strong> is also thought to be a Celtic word derived from the Latin or Greek for an ecclesiastical gathering.<\/p>\n

The only person from this early period of whom we know anything is St Chad<\/em> (c.634-672), the Bishop of Lichfield in Mercia<\/strong>, whose parish covered the Greater Manchester area until 1541.\u00a0 St Chad\u2019s Church in Rochdale, parts of which date from the 13th<\/sup> century and which may have been named in AD 673, is said to be the oldest church in the county, and St Chad is also commemorated in Chadkirk<\/strong> and possibly even Chat Moss<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Some of the Anglican churches built in Manchester in the 18th<\/sup> and 19th centuries (some of them no longer in existence) have given their names to districts (All Saints<\/strong>, St George\u2019s<\/strong>), squares (St Ann\u2019s<\/strong>, St Peter\u2019s<\/strong>) and parks (Angel Meadows<\/strong>, St John\u2019s Gardens<\/strong>, St Michael\u2019s Flags<\/strong>).\u00a0 There are several places with Biblical names:\u00a0 Goshen <\/strong>dates from the 16th<\/sup> century and the non-conformist churches which developed in the first half of the 19th<\/sup> century also coined Biblical names (Jericho, New Earth<\/strong> and Salem<\/strong>).\u00a0 Several other places which originally had Anglo-Saxon names were later rationalised as if they had Christian origins (Abram<\/strong>, Moses Gate<\/strong>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

VIKINGS<\/strong><\/p>\n

c. AD 900-1050<\/td>\n

The Vikings settled in North-west England from the 8th century but sources differ as to whether Greater Manchester became part of the Danelaw<\/strong> or not. Certainly, the spread of the Vikings caused concern and legend has it that the Nico Ditch<\/strong> was built in 869-870 to guard against the Vikings:\u00a0 the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle<\/em> records that in AD 923 \u2018King Edward \u2026 ordered levies \u2026 to occupy Manchester<\/strong> in Northumbria, and had it repaired and garrisoned\u2019 in order to meet the Viking threat.\u00a0 It also seems that Bury<\/strong> and at least some of the places with the –bury<\/em> element (Bredbury<\/strong>, Norbury<\/strong>, Didsbury<\/strong>, Pendlebury<\/strong> and Littleborough<\/strong>) may have originally been fortified Anglo-Saxon settlements built to protect against the Vikings.<\/p>\n

There is little place-name evidence of large-scale Viking settlement in what is now Greater Manchester:\u00a0 there is a cluster of eponyms in western Manchester (Flixton <\/strong>and perhaps Urmston<\/strong>) but nowhere ending in –by<\/em>, the most common Norse element (as in Derby or Grimsby), not one -toft <\/em>(as in Lowestoft), only two occurrences of –thwaite<\/em> (Laithwaite, Linfitt<\/strong>), and only one –thorpe<\/em> (Thorp<\/strong> in Oldham).\u00a0 The only Viking name element that does occur with any frequency is –hulme <\/em>(\u2018island, raised ground\u2019):\u00a0 Hulme<\/strong>, Davyhulme<\/strong>, Levenshulme<\/strong>, Cheadle Hulme,<\/strong> Oldham<\/strong> (corrupted from Aldholme<\/em>) and Wolstenholme<\/strong>.\u00a0 A hulme<\/em> was an area of raised ground that would be particularly suitable for a settlement in an area susceptible to frequent flooding.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

INTEGRATION & ASSIMILATION<\/strong><\/td>\nCheadle Hulme<\/strong> exemplifies Greater Manchester\u2019s almost unique mixture of the three linguistic traditions \u2013 Celtic, Anglo-Saxon and Norse:\u00a0 Cheadle (Celtic c\u0113d <\/em>+ Old English l\u0113ah<\/em>) + Old Danish hulme<\/em>.\u00a0 Such names show how, over time, peoples speaking different languages and with different cultures came to live in peace together.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORMANS<\/strong><\/p>\n

1066 onwards<\/td>\n

The Norman conquest of 1066 meant that the official language of England became French, and it remained so until Richard II was deposed in 1399.\u00a0 Despite this, and the fact that Norman lords were given estates across much of England, Norman French had very little impact on place names in mediaeval England.\u00a0 Many of these lords took English names from the lands they governed, but a few Norman names remain today \u2013 Darcy (of Darcy Lever<\/strong>), Darnel (of Darnhill<\/strong>), Massey (of Dunham Massey<\/strong>), Norris (of Heaton Norris<\/strong>), Molyneux (of Molyneux Brow<\/strong>) and, much later, Davenport<\/strong> (in Stockport) and Grosvenor (of Manchester\u2019s Grosvenor Square<\/strong>).\u00a0 Also very much later is the use of -ville <\/em>for housing estates in the early 20th<\/sup> century (Chorltonville<\/strong>).<\/p>\n

However, the Normans impacted north-western place names in other ways, as can be seen from their Domesday Book<\/em> of 1086 (see Appendix 1).\u00a0 William the Conqueror sent his agents throughout England to list all the towns, villages and property, so that he would know what taxes were due.\u00a0 Domesday recorded 13,418 settlements throughout England and Wales, about 600 in Cheshire and Lancashire, but fewer than 25 in what is now Greater Manchester.\u00a0 Two reasons are normally given for this:\u00a0 William\u2019s agents did a poor job, simply omitting major places such as Stockport, Wigan and Bury.\u00a0 More likely, the Normans\u2019 genocidal \u2018harrying of the north\u2019 in 1069-1070, in which up to 75% of the population of the north were slaughtered, left many places \u2018Weaste\u2019 \u2013 uninhabited or of little value.<\/p>\n

Nevertheless, 1400 saw the \u2018triumph of English\u2019 and the vast majority of modern place names can trace their origin to Old and Middle English rather than Latin, Norse or Norman French.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

CIVIL WAR<\/strong><\/p>\n

1642-1651<\/td>\n

Greater Manchester figured significantly in the Civil War:\u00a0 the war itself is often said to have begun when Royalists tried to capture the town and Richard Perceval of Levenshulme<\/strong> became the first casualty during street fighting on 15 July 1642.\u00a0 Oliver Cromwell<\/strong> is said to have passed through Trub Smithy<\/strong> at some point, and to have camped at Oliver Clough<\/strong> during the Siege of Manchester in 1643.\u00a0 In May 1644, the Royalist commander, Prince Rupert, camped on Barlow Moor<\/strong> before leading the Bolton <\/strong>massacre, in which 1500 Parliamentary troops and citizens were killed.\u00a0 On 25 August 1651 the Royalists were defeated in the Battle of Wigan Lane at a hamlet which became known as Battling Wood<\/em>, which was later corrupted to Bottling Wood<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ENFRANCHISEMENT & CIVIL RIGHTS<\/strong><\/p>\n

17th<\/sup> century onwards<\/td>\n

The first MP for Manchester was not elected until 1654 but the constituency was abolished in 1660 on the restoration of the monarchy as Manchester had supported Oliver<\/strong> Cromwell<\/strong> and the parliamentarians in the civil war.\u00a0 This situation lasted throughout the 18th<\/sup> century and in 1725 Defoe described Manchester as \u2018the greatest meer village in England.\u00a0 It is neither a wall\u2019d town, city or corporation; they send no members to Parliament\u2019. \u00a0\u00a0Despite the Peterloo protests, parliamentary representation was not restored to Manchester until 1832 and the first MP, Mark Philips<\/em>, is commemorated in Philips Park<\/strong>.\u00a0 The right to vote was dependent on property ownership and in the 1860s, John Platt<\/strong>, a mill owner and the mayor of Oldham, gave his employees the freehold <\/strong>of their houses so that they could vote.<\/p>\n

The right to vote was restricted to men until 1918, largely as a result of the suffragette movement formed by Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters, whose campaigning is celebrated at the Pankhurst Centre<\/strong>.\u00a0 A much earlier milestone in women\u2019s rights is commemorated at Womanscroft<\/strong> Bridge in Bramhall, where, in 1637, a landowning woman <\/em>who \u2018had a house with a small croft<\/em> and toft\u2019 was given certain legal rights, including being a juror and being \u2018exempt from the burden of repairing the bridge over Lady Brook, known as the Woman\u2019s Croft bridge\u2019.\u00a0 This is one of the few place names in England with \u2018woman\u2019 as an element.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

JACOBITE REBELLION<\/strong><\/p>\n

1745-1746<\/td>\n

In 1745-1746 Bonnie Prince Charlie led a Jacobite army into England in an attempt to regain the throne that his father, James II, had been forced to give up in 1688.\u00a0 He reached Manchester on 28 November 1745 and is thought to have stabled his horses in Stockport, before marching on to Derby and then retreating to defeat at the Battle of Culloden.\u00a0 Longsight<\/strong> and Tiviot Dale<\/strong> are both said to owe their names to the Bonnie Prince and his army.\u00a0 It has also been suggested that Scotland<\/strong> in central Manchester was named because the Jacobite troops camped there in 1745, but this seems unlikely.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION & COAL<\/strong><\/p>\n

c.1760-1840<\/td>\n

The term \u2018industrial revolution\u2019 was invented in 1799 by the Frenchman, Louis-Guillaume Otto, and was applied to Britain by Arnold Toynbee in 1881.\u00a0 The industrial transformation of Britain in the second half of the 18th<\/sup> century and first half of the 19th<\/sup> had several causes, but chief among these was the availability and application of coal.<\/p>\n

Several place names across Greater Manchester point to the early mining of coal and other minerals:\u00a0 Cinder Hill<\/strong>, Collyhurst<\/strong>, Coldhurst<\/strong>, Cowlishaw<\/strong>, Delph<\/strong>, Orrell<\/strong>, Pitses<\/strong> and Quarlton<\/strong>.\u00a0 Daniel Defoe, who toured Great Britain in 1724-1726, described the widespread mining of coal between Wigan and Bolton, but the mines of the area were mostly shallow, with horse-powered winding gear.\u00a0 This early mine equipment is captured in Gin Pit<\/strong> village, where Gin is short for engine<\/em>.\u00a0 However, the depth of mines was limited by the dangers of flooding, which was addressed by the use of steam pumps.\u00a0 One of the first of these was installed in 1749 in Norbury<\/strong> colliery, which was frequently flooded by the Bollinhurst Brook<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

The other problem noted by Defoe was the remoteness from markets:\u00a0 \u2018they are remote; and though some of them have been brought to London, yet they are so dear, by reason of the carriage, that few care to buy them.\u2019\u00a0 This problem was initially solved by canals, notably the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong>, which was built in 1759-61, halving the price of coal in Manchester, and becoming the forerunner of the national canal network.<\/p>\n

Coal not only powered the industries of Greater Manchester; the region became a centre for the manufacture of textile machinery, industrial equipment and railway locomotives.\u00a0 Some of the manufacturers and engineers gave their names to places in the county, e.g. Simon\u2019s Bridge,<\/strong> Whitworth Park<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

The last coal mines in the county closed in the 1990s, leaving only the Lancashire Colliery Museum at Astley<\/strong> Green and a legacy of dereliction and pollution.\u00a0 However, much has been done to transform the industrial landscape into nature reserves and conservation areas, notably the Flashes of Wigan and Leigh<\/strong>, where flashes<\/em> are a local word for surface flooding caused by the collapse of underground mine workings.\u00a0 The Three Sisters<\/strong>, now a recreation area, take their name from former waste heaps at a local colliery.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\u2018COTTONOPOLIS\u2019<\/strong><\/td>\nThe term \u2018Cottonopolis\u2019 was invented in about 1851 but the textile industry started much earlier.\u00a0 The earliest mills, such as that at Bowdon<\/strong>, which is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1), or those at Milnrow<\/strong> (\u2018a row of houses by a mill\u2019) and Quarlton<\/strong> (\u2018mill hill\u2019) in the 13th<\/sup> century, were almost certainly corn or flour mills.\u00a0 The textile industry seems to have been established well before the 14th<\/sup> century, initially concentrating on flax (see Crossacres<\/strong>), wool (Walkden<\/strong>, Walkers<\/strong>) and linen (Bowker Vale<\/strong>, Gigg, Linfitt<\/strong>).\u00a0 The switch to cotton had begun by about 1725, when Daniel Defoe visited Bolton<\/strong> and noted \u2018that the cotton manufacture reach\u2019d thither\u2019.\u00a0 The rapid and large-scale expansion of cotton manufacture came later in the century with mechanisation, notably the building of the first water-powered mills at Portwood<\/strong> on the Mersey<\/strong> in 1732, at Garret<\/strong> by the River Medlock<\/strong> in about 1760 and at Thorp<\/strong> in Royton<\/strong> in 1764, Crompton\u2019s spinning mule, invented at Hall i\u2019 th\u2019 Wood<\/strong> in 1779, and Arkwright\u2019s steam-powered mill at Shudehill<\/strong> in 1783.\u00a0 In all, over 2400 cotton mills were built in the area between 1732 and 1926.<\/p>\n

The earliest mills tended to be named for the places where they were built or the brooks that powered them, but many mills, and the villages and parks around them were named by and for their owners or their wives.\u00a0 Knott Mill<\/strong>, dating from 1509, is an early example and later examples include Bealey\u2019s Goit<\/strong>, Drinkwater Park<\/strong>, Hallam Coronation Garden<\/strong>, Holt Town<\/strong>, Hope<\/strong>, Houldsworth<\/strong>, Langworthy<\/strong> and Eckersley<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

The First World War led to the loss of markets and the last mill in Greater Manchester and Lancashire \u2013 Elk Mill<\/strong> in Royton <\/strong>\u2013 was completed in 1926.\u00a0 Today, the only cotton mill remaining in production in the county is Tower Mill in Dukinfield<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

RAILWAYS<\/strong><\/p>\n

1830-1880<\/td>\n

The first railway in what is now Greater Manchester was the Bolton & Leigh, a 12-kilometre freight line opened in 1828 to connect Bolton to the Leeds & Liverpool Canal at Leigh.\u00a0 The Liverpool & Manchester, the world\u2019s first intercity passenger railway, was opened in 1830 with its eastern terminus at Liverpool Road<\/strong>.\u00a0 In the next 50 years, about 200 stations were built in Greater Manchester.\u00a0 Most were named after existing locations, but some were opened for new suburbs opened up by the railways such as Altrincham<\/strong>, Chorlton-cum<\/strong>–Hardy<\/strong> and Sale<\/strong>, and others, such as Ashburys<\/strong>, Brooklands<\/strong> and Davenport<\/strong>, were opened to serve communities named after individuals.\u00a0 In many other cases, it seems that the railways standardised the names or spelling of places which were not officially agreed:\u00a0 Astley Bridge<\/strong>, Chequerbent<\/strong>, Guide Bridge<\/strong>, Hazel Grove<\/strong>, Heald Green<\/strong>, Howe Bridge<\/strong>, Mumps<\/strong>, Newton Heath<\/strong>, Rushford<\/strong> and Stoneclough<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VICTORIAN ERA<\/strong><\/p>\n

1837-1901<\/td>\n

The reign of Queen Victoria <\/strong>coincided with the rise of Cottonopolis, and many places were named after Victoria herself (Victoria Bridge<\/strong>, Victoria Station<\/strong>, Victoria Park<\/strong>, Queen\u2019s Park<\/strong>, etc), her husband, Prince Albert (Albert Bridge<\/strong>, Albert Square<\/strong>, Albert Park<\/strong>, etc), their son, the Prince of Wales (Clarence Park<\/strong>), and his wife, Princess Alexandra (there are at least four Alexandra Parks<\/strong>).\u00a0 Victoria\u2019s golden jubilee in 1887 is commemorated in Jubilee Park<\/strong>, and Edward VII\u2019s coronation in 1902 in Coronation Street<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PUBLIC PARKS<\/strong><\/p>\n

1846<\/td>\n

It was in Greater Manchester that three of England\u2019s first municipal parks – Peel Park<\/strong>, named in honour of Sir Robert Peel<\/strong>, Philips Park<\/strong> and Queen\u2019s Park<\/strong> in Harpurhey \u2013 were opened to the public in 1846.\u00a0 Over the next 150 years, many country-house estates were donated or purchased and opened as public parks, ranging from the very small, such as Marie Louise Gardens<\/strong> in south Manchester to the enormous Heaton Park<\/strong>, acquired in 1902.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CITY OF MANCHESTER<\/strong><\/p>\n

1853<\/td>\n

Manchester had lost its MP in 1660 because it had supported Cromwell<\/strong> in the civil war, and it was not until 1832 that parliamentary representation was restored.\u00a0 This was followed by the granting of city status in 1853.\u00a0\u00a0 As a mark of civic pride, plans for a new town hall were announced in 1863 and, at the same time, Albert Square<\/strong> was laid out as a memorial to Queen Victoria\u2019s husband, Prince Albert, who had died in 1861.\u00a0 Also in 1853, the construction of the Free Trade Hall<\/strong> on the site of the Peterloo massacre of 1819 in St Peter\u2019s Square was begun to mark the repeal of the corn laws in 1846.\u00a0 In 1853, the City Manchester reached its peak as a cotton manufacturing city, with 108 mills.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SLAVERY AND THE COTTON FAMINE<\/strong><\/p>\n

1861-1865<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n

Most of Lancashire\u2019s raw cotton was grown and picked by slaves in the southern states of the U.S. until the 1860s.\u00a0 There is, however, little evidence of this in the place names of Greater Manchester.\u00a0 Notable exceptions are Kingston<\/strong> in Tameside, which was named by a slave-owner to remind him of his life in Jamaica, and Elk Mill<\/strong> in Oldham, which takes its name from a river in Tennessee from where some of the earliest slave-harvested cotton came from at the end of the 18th<\/sup> century.<\/p>\n

Despite this dependence on this cotton, there was early support in Manchester for the abolition of slavery.\u00a0 The issue was widely debated \u2013 the Manchester Movement for the Abolition of the African Slave Trade had been established in 1787 and Engels discusses slavery at several points in his 1845 study of the working class in Manchester.\u00a0 The supply of cotton became critical during the Lancashire \u2018Cotton Famine, which occurred when the American Civil War cut off Greater Manchester\u2019s cotton supplies from the southern states of the U.S.\u00a0 Despite the severe hardship, the Lancashire cotton workers supported the cause of the Union and in 1863 U.S. President Abraham Lincoln thanked them for their support for the abolition of slavery and his statue, with an extract from his letter, now stands in Lincoln Square<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

During the cotton famine, various projects were carried out to provide an income for the unemployed textile workers, notably Alexandra Park<\/strong> in Oldham, Queen\u2019s<\/strong> Park<\/strong> in Bolton, the Cotton Famine Road<\/strong> in Rochdale, the Haigh estate (now Haigh Woodland Park<\/strong>) in Wigan and the Swineshaw<\/strong> reservoirs in Tameside.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

MANCHESTER SHIP CANAL <\/strong><\/p>\n

1894<\/td>\n

The first attempt to connect Manchester to the Irish Sea was the Mersey & Irwell<\/strong> Navigation<\/strong>, which was built in 1721-1724 between Runcorn in Cheshire and Hunt\u2019s Quay<\/strong> in the centre of Manchester.\u00a0 This was not a true canal but a waterway which improved navigation on the two rivers through a series of cuts and locks.<\/p>\n

The Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> is a 58-kilometre artificial waterway between Runcorn in Cheshire and Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 It was built in 1887-1893 and was opened by Queen Victoria<\/strong> at Mode Wheel<\/strong> on 21 May 1894.\u00a0 It led to a considerable increase in trade and industry, notably the development of Trafford Park<\/strong>, the world\u2019s first industrial estate, in 1896.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

WORLD WAR I<\/strong><\/p>\n

1914-1918<\/td>\n

The military action of the First World War had little direct impact on Greater Manchester but there were Zeppelin bombing raids on Holcombe<\/strong> and Greenmount<\/strong> on 25 September 1916 and on Wigan<\/strong> on 12 April 1918.\u00a0 The Wigan raid killed seven people and a further nine were injured.\u00a0 However, the explosion at the Hooley Hill<\/strong> Munitions Factory on 13 June 1917 caused far more casualties, with 46 killed and hundreds injured.\u00a0 War memorials were erected after the war, as well as memorial parks such as Broadhurst Park<\/strong> in Moston, Dunwood Park<\/strong> in Crompton, Gallipoli Gardens<\/strong> in Bury, Tandle Hill Country Park<\/strong> in Royton, Woodbank Memorial Park<\/strong> in Stockport, and the Albert Hill VC Memorial Park<\/strong> in Denton.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
URBAN RE-HOUSING<\/strong><\/p>\n

20th<\/sup> century<\/td>\n

Urban overcrowding and slums led most of the councils of what is now Greater Manchester to build estates to re-house large numbers of residents in improved accommodation.\u00a0 The first was perhaps the New Barracks<\/strong> estate in Salford, built in 1901-04, including Coronation Street, <\/strong>and several were built under the government-funded \u2018Homes for Heroes\u2019 scheme after World War I.\u00a0 Many more followed in the 1930s, and most adopted the names of the farms, mines or areas where they were built \u2013 Brushes<\/strong>, Johnson<\/strong> Fold<\/strong>, Langley, Linnyshaw Park<\/strong> and Limeside<\/strong>.\u00a0 In some cases, new aspirational names were coined, e.g. Abbey Hills<\/strong>.\u00a0 A third option was to take the name of a local hall or its grounds and apply it to the whole new housing estate, e.g. Polefield<\/strong> and Wythenshawe<\/strong>. \u00a0As these estates expanded, older settlements were absorbed (Brownley Green<\/strong>, Crossacres<\/strong>, Poundswick<\/strong>, Royal Oak<\/strong>, Saxfield<\/strong>) and some have largely disappeared.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CITY OF SALFORD<\/strong><\/p>\n

1926<\/td>\n

Salford <\/strong>was granted city status in 1926 but this was not marked by any new civic buildings.\u00a0 However, city status coincided with the announcement of plans to build the first of a new type of \u2018super cinema\u2019 outside London \u2013 the Ambassador<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WORLD WAR II<\/strong><\/p>\n

1939-1945<\/td>\n

Between July 1940 and July 1942, Greater Manchester was subject to repeated German bombing raids, including the \u2018Manchester blitz\u2019 of 22-24 December 1940.\u00a0 684 people were killed, 2364 were injured and there was widespread destruction.\u00a0 Many buildings were damaged, and St Augustine\u2019s and All Saints<\/strong> churches were so badly damaged that they had to be demolished.\u00a0 Late in the war, on 24 December 1944, there were V-1 flying bomb attacks on Abbey Hills<\/strong>, Tottington<\/strong>, Davenport<\/strong> and Worsley<\/strong> which claimed 37 lives.\u00a0 Whitehead Gardens<\/strong> in Tottington commemorate these victims.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREATER MANCHESTER<\/strong><\/p>\n

1 April 1974<\/td>\n

The new county of Greater Manchester<\/strong> was created on 1 April 1974 from parts of north-east Cheshire<\/strong>, south-east Lancashire<\/strong>, and the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is composed of 10 Metropolitan Boroughs:\u00a0 Bolton<\/strong>, Bury<\/strong>, the City of Manchester<\/strong>, Oldham<\/strong>, Rochdale<\/strong>, the City of Salford<\/strong>, Stockport<\/strong>, Tameside<\/strong>, Trafford <\/strong>and Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 All of these except Tameside were pre-existing names dating from mediaeval times or earlier.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
METROLINK & REGENERATION<\/strong><\/p>\n

1992 onwards<\/td>\n

Greater Manchester, and the City of Manchester in particular, have undergone widespread regeneration since the 1990s, some of which have revived names that were fading from use (New Cross<\/strong>, New Islington<\/strong>).\u00a0 The Metrolink tram system, now the largest in the UK, was opened in 1992 and not only preserves the names of older parts of the county (Bess o\u2019 th\u2019 Barn<\/strong>, Pomona<\/strong>, Shadow Moss<\/strong>) and closed or disused railway stations (Cornbrook<\/strong>, Derker<\/strong>, Failsworth<\/strong>, Hollinwood<\/strong>, Milnrow<\/strong>, Oldham Mumps<\/strong>), but includes stops named after new areas (Anchorage<\/strong>, Etihad Campus<\/strong>, MediaCityUK<\/strong>, Salford Quays<\/strong>, Velopark<\/strong>).\u00a0 The new skyscraper area to the south of Manchester city centre is becoming known as \u201cManc-hattan<\/strong>\u201d.<\/p>\n

However, regeneration has meant not just demolition and modernistic architecture.\u00a0 There has also been a movement towards the restoration and repurposing of mills and markets such as Manchester\u2019s Mackie Mayor<\/strong> and Stockport\u2019s Weir Mill<\/strong>, based on what has sometimes been called the \u2018Altrincham<\/strong> model\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

CULTURES & LIFESTYLES<\/strong><\/td>\nPerhaps the stereotypical images of Greater Manchester are captured in the artwork of L S Lowry <\/strong>(see Appendix 2) and \u00a0P A Valette (Appendix 3), and the TV soap opera Coronation Street<\/strong>.\u00a0 However, in the years since the war and particularly since 1974, new communities and cultures have emerged, and some of these have given rise to new place names.\u00a0 These were initially unofficial but some have now been adopted officially:\u00a0 China Town<\/strong>, Curry Mile<\/strong>, Gay<\/strong> Village<\/strong>, Madchester<\/strong> and the Northern Quarter<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EXPORTED NAMES<\/strong><\/td>\nThe names of many settlements in Greater Manchester have been \u2018exported\u2019 or transferred to other countries overseas.\u00a0 This was often the result of colonial settlement, when British settlers wanted to commemorate their home towns.\u00a0 In other cases, and especially in the case of places named after Manchester, the inhabitants aspired to emulate the industrial innovation and success of Lancashire towns.\u00a0 However, several places turn out to be eponyms rather than transferred names, i.e. they are named after local worthies rather than English towns, so it is said that Manchester in Iowa was named by inverting the name of William Chesterman, one of its founders, and Oldham in Missouri was named after a Mr Asa Old who sold hams.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bolton<\/td>\nConnecticut, USA<\/td>\nIncorporated in 1720 and named by early settlers, many of whom came from Bolton in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Illinois, USA<\/td>\nProbably named after Bolton in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Iowa, USA<\/td>\nProbably named after Bolton in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kansas, USA<\/td>\nProbably named after Bolton in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Maryland, USA<\/td>\nBolton Hill:\u00a0 named after the estate of George Grundy, a Baltimore merchant who named his estate after his native Bolton in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ohio, USA<\/td>\nProbably named after Bolton in Lancashire by early settlers.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Vermont, USA<\/td>\nFounded in 1763 and probably named by early settlers from Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Virginia, USA<\/td>\nProbably named after Bolton in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bury<\/td>\nQuebec, Canada<\/td>\nNamed in 1803 after Bury in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Didsbury<\/td>\nAlberta, Canada<\/td>\nFounded and named in 1902 after Didsbury in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Edgeley<\/td>\nNorth Dakota, USA<\/td>\nFounded and named in 1886 by Richard Sykes, who was born in Edgeley in Cheshire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Heywood<\/td>\nVictoria, Australia<\/td>\nSurveyed in 1852 by Lindsay Clarke and named after Heywood in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Manchester<\/td>\nBolivia<\/td>\nFounded and named by Anthony Webster-James, a metallurgist from Manchester in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nova Scotia, Canada<\/td>\nProbably named after Manchester in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
California, USA<\/td>\nEstablished in 1871 and named by an early settler after his former home in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Connecticut, USA<\/td>\nSettled in around 1672 as Five-Mile Tract and renamed in 1823 after Manchester in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Georgia, USA<\/td>\nFounded in 1907 and named after Manchester in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Indiana, USA<\/td>\nThe town was established in 1822 and probably named after Manchester in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kansas, USA<\/td>\nLaid out in 1887 as Keystone but changed to Manchester by 1890.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kentucky, USA<\/td>\nFounded in 1807 as Greenville but changed to Manchester later that year as local business people aspired to Manchester\u2019s industrial success.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Maryland, USA<\/td>\nThe town was incorporated in 1833 as Manchester Germantown, combining the names of two communities.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Massachusetts, USA<\/td>\nManchester-by-the-Sea:\u00a0 Originally named Manchester by colonists in 1629 after Manchester in Lancashire; renamed Manchester-by-the-Sea in 1989.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Michigan, USA<\/td>\nIncorporated as a village in 1867 to take advantage of water power from the river and named after Manchester in Lancashire, which had pioneered water-powered industry.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Missouri, USA<\/td>\nThe village was incorporated in 1950 and named after Manchester by an English settler.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
New Hampshire, USA<\/td>\nNamed in 1810 by Samuel Blodget, after visiting Manchester in England in the hope that it would emulate the industry of Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
New Jersey, USA<\/td>\nIncorporated as a township in 1865 and named by William Torrey after Manchester in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
New York, USA<\/td>\nThe town was settled in 1793 as Burt but changed to Manchester in 1822 in the hope that its textile mills would emulate those of Manchester in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ohio, USA<\/td>\nThe settlement was founded in 1790 and named Massie’s Station after Nathaniel Massie, but was later renamed Manchester after the Lancashire town, which was Massie\u2019s ancestral home.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Oklahoma, USA<\/td>\nPossibly named after Manchester in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pennsylvania, USA<\/td>\nThe village was settled in 1814 and originally named Liverpool, but the name was later changed to Manchester.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tennessee, USA<\/td>\nThe city was originally founded before 1817 and named after Manchester in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Washington, USA<\/td>\nThe town was established in the 1860s as Brooklyn but in 1892 the name was changed to Manchester after the Lancashire city.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
West Virginia, USA<\/td>\nNew Manchester:\u00a0 The town was originally laid out in 1810 as Manchester.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mersey<\/td>\nNova Scotia, Canada<\/td>\nMersey River is named after the English river and flows into the Atlantic at Liverpool, Nova Scotia.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tasmania, Australia<\/td>\nThe Mersey River on the north-west coast of Tasmania flows into the Bass strait at Devonport.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Oldham<\/td>\nNova Scotia, Canada<\/td>\nThe town was named by Joseph Howe after his ancestral home in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mississippi, USA<\/td>\nThe town was probably named after Oldham in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
South Dakota, USA<\/td>\nEither named after Oldham Carrot, a local landowner, or named after Oldham in Lancashire, the home of an early settler.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rochdale<\/td>\nMassachusetts, USA<\/td>\nNamed Rochdale in 1869 because some early settlers came from Lancashire and hoped that similar types of cloth could be manufactured in Massachusetts.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mississippi, USA<\/td>\nThe town was named after Rochdale in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Queens, New York, USA<\/td>\nThis 1960s cooperative housing development was named after Rochdale in Lancashire, the birthplace of the cooperative movement.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
North Carolina, USA<\/td>\nThe town was probably named after Rochdale in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Saddleworth<\/td>\nSouth Australia<\/td>\nSaddleworth was built in the 1840s on land originally owned by James Masters, and named after his former home in West Yorkshire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Salford<\/td>\nOntario, Canada<\/td>\nThe place was originally called New Manchester, but in 1855 the name was changed and named after Salford in Cheshire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pennsylvania, USA<\/td>\nThe town was established in about 1727 and named after Salford in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Stockport<\/td>\nSouth Australia<\/td>\nThe small town was founded in 1845 by Samuel Stocks junior and named after his birthplace in Cheshire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lake Ontario, Canada<\/td>\nStockport Islands:\u00a0 The islands were named by early explorers after their birthplace in Cheshire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Iowa, USA<\/td>\nThe town was settled in the late 19th<\/sup> century and incorporated in 1902.\u00a0 It was probably named after Stockport in Cheshire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
New York, USA<\/td>\nThe town was established in 1833 and named by James Wild, who was originally from Stockport in Cheshire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ohio, USA<\/td>\nThe town was named in 1838 by its first postmaster, Samuel Beswick, after Stockport in Cheshire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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A<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ABBEY HEY <\/strong>is a residential and recreational area of Gorton<\/strong>, east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The origin of the name is probably \u2018an abbey in or with an enclosed field\u2019, from abbey<\/em> + Old English hecg <\/em>or hege<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a hedge\u2019).\u00a0 While there is no archaeological or documentary evidence of an abbey or monastery in the area in mediaeval times, in 1309 the lord of the manor assigned land in the Gorton area to the Cistercian Abbey<\/em> of Dore, explaining the name Abbey Hey.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ABBEY HILLS<\/strong> is a district in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 There is no abbey in the area, which was originally known as Wabbow Hills<\/em> as it surrounded a farm of that name.\u00a0 It is assumed that Wabbow<\/em> was the personal name of the original owner of the farmstead but no record can be found of him.\u00a0 In the 1930s a large housing estate was built in the area and the more aspirational name Abbey Hills<\/em> was adopted.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ABBOTSFIELD PARK<\/strong> is a public park and miniature railway in Flixton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 An Abbot<\/strong> family lived in the area in the mid-17th<\/sup> century and streets and localities were named after them.\u00a0 In 1889 a local cotton mill owner, James Stott, built a large family residence and named it Abbotsfield<\/em>, which was taken over as a civilian hospital during World War II.\u00a0 In 1945 the house was returned to its pre-war owners, the Conservative Club, but the local park, the Flixton Recreational Ground, was renamed Abbotsfield Park to commemorate the work of the hospital staff during the war.\u00a0 The park is also known as Chassen Park<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ABNEY HALL PARK <\/strong>is an 80-hectare public park in Cheadle <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The park is set in the grounds of Abney Hall, which was owned by Sir James Watts and who named the estate after Sir Thomas Abney<\/em> (1640-1722), a banker and Lord Mayor of London who had offered a home to his father in Stoke Newington for many years.\u00a0 In 1958 Abney Hall was sold to the local authority, which used the hall as Cheadle town hall and opened the grounds to the public.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ABRAHAM MOSS<\/strong> is a Metrolink tram stop in Cheetham Hill<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong> which was opened on 18 April 2011.\u00a0 It serves various facilities in the area \u2013 a community school, and a library and leisure centre \u2013 all named after Abraham Moss<\/em> (1888\/89-1964), who was Lord Mayor of Manchester in 1953-1954 and President of the Board of Deputies of British Jews at the time of his death.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ABRAM<\/strong> is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded from 1199 as Hadburham<\/em>, but Abraham<\/em> is recorded in 1372 and the modern spelling is found from 1461.\u00a0 The meaning is \u2018homestead or village of a woman called Eadburh\u2019 from the Anglo-Saxon personal name \u0112adburg<\/em> + h<\/em>\u0101m<\/em> (\u2018homestead, village\u2019).\u00a0\u00a0 By the end of the 14th<\/sup> century the name had been rationalised from the Anglo-Saxon to the Biblical Abraham<\/em>, which was later shortened to Abram<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ABRAM FLASH <\/strong>is a 40-hectare nature reserve in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan <\/strong>that forms part of the Flashes of Wigan and Leigh<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 It is on the site of Abram Colliery, a coal mine which opened in about 1870 and finally closed in 1956.\u00a0 It takes its name from the village of Abram<\/strong> and flash<\/em>, a lake formed by subsidence.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ACKHURST BROOK <\/strong>is a 2-kilometre stream that flows north east to join the River Douglas<\/strong> near Crooke<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1686 as Ackhurst<\/em> Hall and means \u2018hill with oak trees\u2019, from the Old English \u0101c<\/em> (\u2018oak tree\u2019) + hyrst<\/em> (\u2018wooded hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ACRES <\/strong>is an area in Chadderton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name and origin are not well documented, but there are several other places in the area with acre<\/em> in their name, for example Crossacres<\/strong> and Greenacres<\/strong>.\u00a0 The origin, therefore, may well be Old English aecers<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018fields, plots of cultivated land\u2019), which gives us the modern measure of land, which literally means \u2018a measure of land which a yoke of oxen could plough in a day\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ACRESFIELD\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>ST ANN\u2019S SQUARE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ADAM\u2019S CROSS <\/strong>is a rock formation in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is said to be the site of pagan rituals but nothing is known of the origin of the name, which was recorded on the 1843 Ordnance Survey map, and both elements are opaque:\u00a0 there is no known link to the Biblical Adam<\/em> or to any local person named Adam<\/em>, and there is no record of a cross <\/em>at the site.\u00a0 However, nearby is the Platt Memorial Cross at Ashway<\/strong> Gap, but the name has no connection to Adam\u2019s Cross.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ADELPHI<\/strong> is a locality in the City of Salford<\/strong> west of Adelphi Street and within the U-shaped bend of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area was developed in the late 18th<\/sup> and early 19th<\/sup> centuries.\u00a0 In 1793, Adelphi Weir was built to harness the waters of the Irwell for a cotton mill.\u00a0 In the following years, print, dye and bleach works were built in the area, as well as swimming baths, all taking the name Adelphi<\/em>.\u00a0 The name is an example of gentrification \u2013 one of several areas in Salford and Manchester<\/strong> (e.g. Piccadilly<\/strong>) that adopted the names of fashionable areas of London.\u00a0 The original Adelphi<\/em> area of London was designed and built by the famous architect, Robert Adam, and his three brothers in 1768-1772, hence the name, which is Greek for \u2018brothers\u2019.\u00a0 Parts of Adelphi in Salford seem to have been fashionable \u2013 Adelphi House was built in 1808 as the home of a wealthy businessman and it is now part of the University of Salford.\u00a0 However, over time Adelphi became increasingly grim and industrialised, but today the area has undergone urban regeneration and is fashionable once again.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ADSWOOD <\/strong>is a suburb of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> and was part of Cheshire until 1974.\u00a0 The name is found from the mid-13th<\/sup> century as Addiswode<\/em>, meaning \u2018\u00c6ddi\u2019s wood\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name \u00c6ddi<\/em> + wudu<\/em>.\u00a0 Suggestions that the name is shortened from Adders\u2019 Wood, a snake-infested royal hunting ground in the reign of King Charles II (1625-1649), are probably folk etymology.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AFFETSIDE<\/strong> is a village in the western area of the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but the current spelling is first found in 1504.\u00a0 It means \u2018the boundary on the hill\u2019 from the Old English ofes<\/em> (\u2018border, boundary\u2019) + side <\/em>(\u2018hillside\u2019).\u00a0 The hill is 270 metres high and the boundary is marked by Watling Street (not the old Roman road), which today marks the boundary between Bury and Bolton<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AFFLECK\u2019S<\/strong> is an indoor market for independent traders in the City of Manchester<\/strong>\u2019s Northern Quarter<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is housed in a building originally built in the 1860s as Affleck and Brown\u2019s<\/em> drapery store.\u00a0 The company was founded by John Brown (1824-1901) and fellow Scot Robert Affleck<\/em> (1818-1888).\u00a0 The company closed in 1973 but the building was reopened as Affleck\u2019s Palace in 1982.\u00a0 It closed in March 2008 but was again reopened under new management as Affleck\u2019s in April 2008.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AGECROFT <\/strong>is a district of Pendlebury<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded as Achecroft<\/em> in 1394.\u00a0 There have been various suggestions for its name:\u00a0 one is that it is \u2018field of wild celery\u2019 from Old English ache<\/em> + croft<\/em>; others, perhaps more likely, are that the first element is edge<\/em>, meaning \u2018brink\u2019, or Ecga<\/em>, a personal name.\u00a0 Agecroft Hall, a Tudor country house, once stood in the area but it was auctioned off in 1925, dismantled and re-erected in Richmond, Virginia.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AIGGIN STONE<\/strong> is thought to be a mediaeval stone marking the old boundary between Lancashire<\/strong> and Yorkshire<\/strong>, north of Blackstone Edge<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was first recorded in 1800 and various suggestions have been put forward to account for its name:\u00a0 it might be a corruption of Edge Stone<\/em>, a rendering of the Latin agger<\/em> (\u2018pile, heap, mound\u2019), or it could be derived from the French aguille <\/em>(\u2018needle, sharp-pointed rock\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AINSWORTH<\/strong> is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>, also known as Cockey Moor<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in about 1200 as Haineswrthe<\/em>, meaning \u2018\u00c6gen\u2019s enclosure\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name \u00c6gen<\/em> + Old English worth<\/em> (\u2018enclosure, enclosed settlement\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALAN TURING MEMORIAL<\/strong> is a sculpture erected in 2001 in Sackville Gardens<\/strong> in central Manchester <\/strong>to commemorate Alan Turing<\/em> (1912-1954), who lived and worked in Manchester from 1948 until his death in 1954.\u00a0 The inscription on the memorial reads, \u2018Father of Computer Science, Mathematician, Logician, Wartime Codebreaker, Victim of Prejudice\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALBERT BRIDGE <\/strong>is an arched-bridge over the River Irwell<\/strong>, linking Salford<\/strong> to Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 1843-1844 to replace the earlier New Bailey<\/strong> Bridge, and was named after Prince Albert<\/em> (1819-1861), after his marriage to Queen Victoria in 1840 and the construction of Victoria Bridge<\/strong> in 1838-1839.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALBERT HALL <\/strong>is a music venue in central Manchester<\/strong> that was originally built by the Manchester and Salford <\/strong>Wesleyan Mission in 1908 as the Albert Hall and Aston Institute.\u00a0 It was named after Prince Albert<\/em> (1819-1861), the husband of Queen Victoria<\/strong>, and the principal donor, Edward Aston <\/em>(1840-1911).\u00a0 It was closed in 1969 and in 1999 it was converted into a nightclub named Brannigan\u2019s after the Irish policeman and boxer, James Christopher Brannigan<\/em> (1910-1986).\u00a0 The club closed in 2011 and the building was refurbished as a music hall, re-opening as Albert Hall in 2013.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALBERT HILL VC MEMORIAL PARK<\/strong> is a small public park and garden of remembrance in Denton <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened on 22 May 1958 and commemorates Albert Hill<\/em> (1895-1971), who lived in Denton from 1907 till 1923 and won the Victoria Cross during the Battle of the Somme in 1916.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALBERT PARK<\/strong> is a 6-hectare public park in Broughton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in 1877 and named in memory of Prince Albert<\/em>, Queen Victoria<\/strong>\u2019s husband, who had died in 1861.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALBERT PARK <\/strong>is a residential area of West Didsbury<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>, about 6.5 kilometres south of the city centre.\u00a0 The area was developed as an affluent housing area in 1862-70 and named after Prince Albert<\/em>, Queen Victoria<\/strong>\u2019s husband, who had died in 1861.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALBERT SQUARE<\/strong> is a pedestrianised space in front of Manchester<\/strong> Town Hall.\u00a0 It was laid out in 1863-1864 as a memorial to Queen Victoria<\/strong>\u2019s husband, Prince Albert<\/em>, who had died in 1861, and to provide a fitting location for a statue of Albert which had been commissioned the city.\u00a0 Victoria was invited to open the Square but declined, and she also declined to open the Town Hall when it was completed in 1877.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALDER BARROW \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> OWLER BARROW<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALDER FOREST<\/strong> is a residential area in Eccles<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong> that also includes the 8.23-hectare Alder Forest Playing Field.\u00a0 There is little documentation relating to the name and its derivation, but it clearly suggests the presence of alder forests in this area, the name probably coming from the Old English alor<\/em>, meaning \u2018an alder tree\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALDERMAN\u2019S HILL <\/strong>and Alphin Pike <\/strong>are both hills in the Peak District<\/strong> overlooking Uppermill<\/strong> and the Tame<\/strong> valley in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Alderman\u2019s Hill is recorded in 1817 and probably means \u2018old man\u2019, from Old English ald <\/em>or eald <\/em>+ mann<\/em>.\u00a0 According to local legend, Alder<\/em> and Alphin<\/em> were Saddleworth<\/strong> giants who fought a battle over a water nymph called Rimmon<\/strong> who lived in Chew Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 They threw boulders across the valley (see Pots and Pans<\/strong>) and Alphin was killed, while Rimmon, who loved Alphin, killed herself.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALDER ROOT <\/strong>is a residential area of Chadderton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is said to be recorded in the 16th<\/sup> century but by 1826 it was linked with Cowhill <\/strong>as a small village.\u00a0 The name probably means \u2018spur of land with alder trees\u2019, from the Old English alor <\/em>(\u2018an alder tree\u2019) + wrot<\/em> (\u2018snout; spur of land shaped like a snout\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALDPORT<\/strong> was a district in central Manchester<\/strong> to the south of what is now Deansgate<\/strong> (which was formerly known as Aldport Street).\u00a0 The name first appears in 1281 and can be explained as meaning simply \u2018old town\u2019, from Old English ald<\/em> + port<\/em>.\u00a0 However, the area was close to the old Roman garrison and it may be that port<\/em> in this context meant \u2018walled town or fort\u2019.\u00a0 The area was demolished in the 1890s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALEXANDRA PARK, Edgeley<\/strong> is a 24-hectare park in the Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was laid out in the grounds of what had been Edgeley House and was opened to the public as Alexandra Park in 1870.\u00a0 It was named after Princess Alexandra<\/em> (1844-1925), who married the Prince of Wales in 1863.\u00a0 On Queen Victoria\u2019s death in 1901, he became King Edward VII and she became Queen Alexandra.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALEXANDRA PARK, Moss Side<\/strong> is a 24-hectare public park in Whalley Range<\/strong> and Moss Side<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The site was purchased by Manchester Corporation in 1864 from William Egerton<\/strong> and opened to the public in 1870.\u00a0 It was named after Princess Alexandra<\/em> (1844-1925), who had married the Prince of Wales in 1863, and who became Queen Alexandra on Queen Victoria<\/strong>\u2019s death in 1901.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALEXANDRA PARK, Oldham<\/strong> is a 23-hectare public park in Glodwick<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was laid out in 1863-1865 as a way of giving work to textile workers during the Lancashire Cotton Famine<\/strong> of 1861-1865, when cotton could not be imported from the southern United States because of the American Civil War.\u00a0 It was opened on 28 August 1865 and named after Princess Alexandra<\/em> (1844-1925), who had married the Prince of Wales in 1863, and who became Queen Alexandra on Queen Victoria<\/strong>\u2019s death in 1901.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALEXANDRA PARK, Wigan <\/strong>is a 7-hectare public park in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was laid out on land donated by Colonel Henry Blundell-Hollinshead-Blundell (1831-1906) and opened in April 1903.\u00a0 It was named after Queen Alexandra<\/em>, who became queen in 1901 when her husband succeeded Queen Victoria<\/strong> as King Edward VII.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALKRINGTON<\/strong> or ALKINGTON GARDEN VILLAGE<\/strong> is a suburb of Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1212 as Alkinton<\/em>, meaning \u2018the village of Alhhere<\/em>\u2019s people\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + Old English -ing-<\/em> (\u2018belonging to; followers of\u2019) + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2019enclosure, village\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALL SAINTS <\/strong>is a district in central Manchester<\/strong>, part of which now forms the All Saints Campus of Manchester Metropolitan University.\u00a0 It is one of the few place names in Greater Manchester with an overtly religious origin, taking its name from the Anglican All Saints Church, which was completed in 1820.\u00a0 The church was badly damaged in the blitz of December 1940 and was demolished in 1946.\u00a0 The graveyard had been made into a children\u2019s playground in the 1930s and now forms part of the park in Grosvenor Square<\/strong>.\u00a0 (See<\/em> Appendix 3 for Valette\u2019s paintings of All Saints Square and other locations in Greater Manchester)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALMA PARK<\/strong> is a residential area of the City of Manchester<\/strong>, south-east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but, along with numerous other places in Britain, it commemorates the Battle of Alma<\/em> on 20 September 1854 during the Crimean War.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALPHIN PIKE <\/strong>is a 470-metre hill in the Peak District<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name was recorded in 1468 as Alphenstone <\/em>and in 1817 as Alfin Hill<\/em>, probably from Old English elfen <\/em>(\u2018elf, fairy\u2019) + st<\/em>\u0101n<\/em> (\u2018stone\u2019).\u00a0 In local legend, Alphin was a giant who fought Alderman<\/strong> for the love of the nymph Rimmon<\/strong>.\u00a0 Alphin Pike (from Old English pike, <\/em>\u2018pointed hill\u2019) seems to be one of only a few hills in Greater Manchester<\/strong> called \u2018pike\u2019.\u00a0\u00a0 See also<\/em> ALDERMAN\u2019S HILL<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALT <\/strong>is a village in the Borough of Oldham<\/strong> that was formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in about 1190 and is said to take its name from the Celtic allt<\/em> meaning \u2018hill or hillside\u2019, referring to Alt Hill.\u00a0 The name does not seem to be related to that of the River Alt in Merseyside<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALTRINCHAM<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> that was formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1290 as Aldringeham<\/em> and with its modern spelling from 1321.\u00a0 It means \u2018the village of Aldhere<\/em>\u2019s people\u2019 from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + -inga-<\/em> (\u2018followers of\u2019) + h<\/em>\u0101m<\/em> (\u2018homestead, village\u2019).\u00a0 Altrincham is one of the few places in Greater Manchester with the h<\/em>\u0101m<\/em> element.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The AMBASSADOR<\/strong> was a \u2018super cinema\u2019 and variety theatre in Pendleton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The announcement of plans to build the new theatre \u2013 the first of a new generation of cinemas to be built outside London \u2013 coincided with the granting of city status to Salford in 1926.\u00a0 It opened on Christmas Eve 1928 and was, like many theatres and cinemas at the time, named the Ambassador.\u00a0 The original Ambassadors Theatre<\/em> was built in London in 1913 and named after the first British ambassadors \u2013 the word dates from the 14th<\/sup> century but it was only in 1893 that it was adopted as an official diplomatic title and theatres saw themselves as ambassadors for drama and the arts.\u00a0 The Ambassador in Salford became a bingo hall in 1961 and was demolished in 2004.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AMBERSWOOD<\/strong> is a 160-hectare nature reserve in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> that forms one of the sites of the Flashes of Wigan and Leigh<\/strong>.\u00a0 It occupies the site of Amberswood<\/em> Colliery, which began operations in 1855 and closed down as an opencast mine in 1988.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the opening of the mine in 1855 and the railway station in 1872.\u00a0 The name may literally mean \u2018wood where amber is found\u2019, from the Norman-French aumbre <\/em>+ Old English wudu<\/em>, but there are no place names in England listed with this derivation \u2013 the others are either eponyms or take their names from the Old English amore<\/em>, meaning \u2018bunting bird\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ANCHORAGE <\/strong>is a Metrolink tram stop in Salford Quays<\/strong> which was opened on 6 December 1999.\u00a0 It takes its name from the Anchorage<\/em> residential and commercial block located at the end of Erie Basin that was constructed in 1991.\u00a0 All the basins and localities in the redeveloped Salford Quays are named after places in North America, and so the Anchorage block is presumably named after Anchorage<\/em>, Alaska.\u00a0 <\/strong>Anchorage in Alaska was originally named Anchor Point<\/em> by Captain James Cook in 1778 but was later renamed Anchorage<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ANCOATS <\/strong>is an inner-city suburb of Manchester<\/strong> that was first recorded in 1212 as Einecote<\/em>.\u00a0 Its original meaning seems to \u2018lonely huts or cottages\u2019 from Old English \u0101na<\/em>, \u2018lonely\u2019, + cot<\/em>, \u2018cottage\u2019.\u00a0 The alternative theory that the original name was Annacots,<\/em> meaning \u2018Anna\u2019s cottages\u2019 or \u2018the dwelling of Anna\u2019 is now discounted.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ANGEL MEADOWS <\/strong>is a 3-hectare public park in central Manchester<\/strong> close to Victoria Station<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is set in what was an affluent area which took its name from St Michael and All Angels <\/em>Church, which was built in 1788, but it became one of the city\u2019s worst slums in the 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The area was cleared in the 1960s and Angel Meadows was laid out in 2004.\u00a0 See also<\/em> St Michael\u2019s Flags and Angel Meadow Park.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ANNIE LEE\u2019S <\/strong>playing fields in Gorton<\/strong> are after named after Annie Lee<\/em>, who was leader of the Openshaw<\/strong> Labour Party from the 1890s and, later, a Manchester alderman.\u00a0 She died in 1945.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AO ARENA\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> MANCHESTER ARENA<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
APETHORN BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises west of Gee Cross<\/strong> in Hyde <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> and flows north-west to empty into the Tame.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1750 and Apethorn<\/em> Farm<\/em> is thought to date back to the 15th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name probably means \u2018thorny wild-rose tree\u2019, from the Old English h<\/em>\u0113opa <\/em>+ thorn<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The APOLLO THEATRE<\/strong> is a theatre and music venue in Ardwick <\/strong>in the City of Manchester <\/strong>that was opened in August 1938.\u00a0 It is appropriately named after the Greek god Apollo<\/em>, the god of music, dance, poetry and the arts.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ARDEN PARK<\/strong> is a residential area south-east of Brinnington<\/strong> and Reddish<\/strong> Vale in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century as Arderne<\/em> or Hawardene, the family name of Sir John de Arderne<\/em> and his descendants.\u00a0 The family built Arden Hall in about 1597 but this had become derelict by the mid-19th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ARDWICK <\/strong>is an area of the City of Manchester<\/strong> about 1.5 kilometres south-east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1282 as Atheriswyke<\/em>, an eponym meaning \u2018Eadred <\/em>or \u00c6thelred<\/em>\u2019s farm or workplace\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + w<\/em>\u012bc <\/em>(\u2018homestead, farmstead, workplace\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ARMENTIERES SQUARE <\/strong>is a public retail and leisure area close to the Huddersfield Canal in central Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 Stalybridge was twinned with Armenti<\/em>\u00e8res<\/em> in northern France near the border of Belgium in 1995 and the square was named to commemorate this link.\u00a0 Armenti\u00e8res means \u2018cattle for ploughing\u2019 from the Gallo-Roman armentum.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ARMOURY BRIDGE <\/strong>is a road bridge over the main Manchester-London main line in Edgeley<\/strong> in Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The original bridge was built in the mid-19th<\/sup> century, presumably soon after Stockport station was opened by the Manchester & Birmingham Railway in 1843.\u00a0 It was replaced in 1958 and again in 2025.\u00a0 It takes its name from the nearby Stockport Armoury<\/em>, built in 1862 as a military establishment and still in use as a Territorial Army centre.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ARNDALE CENTRE<\/strong> is a large retail centre close to central Manchester<\/strong> that was opened in 1975. Many Arndale Centres were built across Britain in the 1960s and 1970s, of which Manchester was the largest.\u00a0 The name Arndale was formed from the names of the owners of the company that owned it \u2013 Arn<\/em>old Hagenbach and Sam Chippindale<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASH BROOK, ASHBROOK HEY\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>\u00a0Ashbrook Hey is a residential area of the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, north-east of Rochdale town centre, which takes its name from Ash Brook<\/em>, a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are several streams named Ash Brook in Britain, and all mean either \u2018the east brook\u2019, from Old English \u0113ast<\/em>\u00a0+\u00a0br\u014dc<\/em>\u00a0\u2018, or \u2019brook beside ash trees\u2019, from Old English\u00a0\u00e6sc<\/em>\u00a0+\u00a0br\u014dc<\/em>.\u00a0 The village of Ashbrook Hey grew up around a farmhouse of that name dating from 1673, which adds Hey, from Old English hecge<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a hedge\u2019), to the name of the stream to indicate that it was enclosed with a hedge.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASHBURTON<\/strong> is an area of Trafford Park<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1886, when the Ashburton Road bridge was built over the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is believed it is named after the 1st<\/sup> Baron Ashburton<\/em> (1731-1783), who was made Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster in 1782 and who had taken his title from Ashburton<\/em> in Devon.\u00a0 The name means \u2018village by the stream where ash trees grow\u2019, from the Old English \u00e6sc <\/em>(\u2018ash tree) + burna<\/em> (\u2018stream\u2019) + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018village\u2019).\u00a0 In 1973 there was a proposal to name the new metropolitan borough in south-west Greater Manchester Ashburton as it contained the letters of some of the main towns \u2013 A<\/strong>ltrincham, S<\/strong>ale\/S<\/strong>tretford, H<\/strong>ale, B<\/strong>owdon, U<\/strong>rmston and Warburton<\/strong>.\u00a0 However, this proposal was rejected and the name Trafford was adopted in 1974.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASHBURYS <\/strong>is a railway station in Openshaw<\/strong>, about 5 kilometres east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 Ashburys takes its name not from a location but from the Ashbury Railway Carriage & Iron Company<\/em> of Openshaw which originally paid for it to be built by the Sheffield Ashton-under-Lyne & Manchester Railway in July 1855.\u00a0 The company was founded in 1837 by John Ashbury <\/em>(1806-1866) and moved to Openshaw in 1847. \u00a0It was closed down in 1928 and the works were demolished in the early 1930s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASHLEY HEATH <\/strong>is a residential area south-west of Hale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford.\u00a0 <\/strong>The village of Ashley<\/em> in Cheshire<\/strong> is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Acelie<\/em>.\u00a0 Several kilometres to the north is the village of Ashley Heath, formerly in Cheshire but now in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 This name is not recorded until 1746 and comes from the Old English \u00e6sc<\/em> (\u2018ash\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018clearing; pasture\u2019) + h\u0101th <\/em>(\u2018uncultivated land of heather\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASHTON-IN-MAKERFIELD<\/strong>\u00a0is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are several places called Ashton<\/em> in Britain, all originally meaning \u2018ash-tree farmstead or village\u2019 and deriving their names from Old English\u00a0\u00e6sc +t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>, but some have defining additions to distinguish them from other Ashtons.\u00a0 \u00a0The situation was particularly confusing in the north-west as the Assheton family at one time owned what are now known as Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong>, Ashton-on-Mersey<\/strong>, and Ashton-on-Ribble.\u00a0 The first record of Ashton-in-Makerfield is in 1212 as Eston<\/em>.\u00a0 Most sources state vaguely that \u2018in-Makerfield\u2019 was added at a later date, but it was certainly in use by 1589, when the grammar school was founded.\u00a0 Makerfield <\/strong>is derived from an old Celtic name for a wall or ruin + Old English feld<\/em>, meaning \u2018open land\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASHTON MOSS<\/strong> is a residential area west of Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is uncertain when the separate name evolved but the moss<\/em> or bog land of the area was drained and cultivated in the 1830s and the Ashton or New Moss Colliery was opened in 1881.\u00a0 The colliery closed in 1959.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASHTON-UNDER-LYNE<\/strong>\u00a0is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are several places called Ashton<\/em> in Britain, all originally meaning \u2018ash-tree farmstead or village\u2019 and deriving their names from Old English\u00a0\u00e6sc +t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>, but some have defining additions to distinguish them from other Ashtons.\u00a0 \u00a0The situation was particularly confusing in the north-west as the Assheton family at one time owned what are now known as Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong>, Ashton-on-Mersey, and Ashton-on-Ribble.\u00a0 Ashton-under-Lyne is first recorded in about 1160 simply as Haistune <\/em>but is distinguished as Asshton<\/em> under Lyme<\/em> by 1305.\u00a0 Despite the spelling, lyme<\/em> does not mean \u2018lime\u2019 but refers to the ancient Lancashire Forest and is ultimately thought to derive from the Celtic name for \u2018elm\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASHTON UPON MERSEY<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0There are many places in England named Ashton<\/em>, all meaning \u2018farm or village near ash trees\u2019, and the situation was particularly confusing in the north-west as the Assheton family at one time owned what are now known as Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong>, Ashton-on-Mersey, and Ashton-on-Ribble.\u00a0 It is necessary to distinguish them by identifying their location or some other identifying feature.\u00a0 Ashton upon Mersey is a residential area of the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> roughly 8 kilometres south of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 It lies on the south bank of the River Mersey<\/strong>, hence its name.\u00a0 It is first mentioned simply as Ayston<\/em> in 1260 and Ashton <\/em>from about 1284.\u00a0 In 1421 it is distinguished as Assheton super Mercy<\/em>, as Ashton on Mersee Bank<\/em> in 1577 and as Ashton super Merseybanke<\/em> in 1584.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASHWAY <\/strong>is an area in the Peak District <\/strong>National Park in the north of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> that includes a number of locations and features.\u00a0 The name is not recorded until the early 19th<\/sup> century but is probably much older.\u00a0 The basic meaning is \u2018a road or track (Old English weg<\/em>) where ash trees (Old English \u00e6sc<\/em>) are found\u2019.\u00a0 Ashway gives its name to Ashway Gap (Old Norse gap<\/em> or Middle English gappe<\/em>, referring to a gap in the hills, perhaps that created by Greenfield<\/strong> Brook), Ashway Hey (Old English h<\/em>\u00e6g, meaning <\/em>\u2018enclosure\u2019), Ashway Moss (Old English mos<\/em>, \u2018swamp, bog\u2019) and Ashway Rocks (Old English rocc<\/em>, referring to a pile of rocks).\u00a0 Ashway Gap was the site of Ashway Gap House, a hunting lodge built in about 1850 by John Platt (1817-72), who, with his brother James (1823-57), owned Platt Brothers textile machinery company.\u00a0 On 27 August 1857 James Platt, who was MP for Oldham, was killed in a shooting accident and a memorial cross was erected near the spot where the accident happened by his brother, who later also became MP for Oldham.\u00a0 The house was demolished in 1981.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASHWORTH MOOR RESERVOIR<\/strong> is a large reservoir in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale <\/strong>constructed in 1898-1908.\u00a0 It takes its name from the nearby village of Ashworth<\/em> in Lancashire.\u00a0 The name means \u2018ash-tree enclosure\u2019 and is first recorded as Esworde<\/em> in about 1200 and as Asheworth<\/em> in 1347.\u00a0 It is derived from the Old English \u00e6sc<\/em> (\u2018ash tree\u2019) + worth<\/em> (\u2018enclosed settlement\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASPULL <\/strong>is a village north-east of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1212 as Aspul<\/em>, meaning \u2018hill where aspen-trees grow\u2019, from the Old English \u00e6sp<\/em> (\u2018aspen tree\u2019) + hyll<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019).\u00a0 The name provides evidence of aspens on high land in the area in mediaeval times, although today there are few trees.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASTLEY<\/strong> and ASTLEY GREEN <\/strong>are residential areas in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1210 as Astelegh<\/em> and with its modern spelling from 1479.\u00a0 It is derived from the Old English \u0113ast <\/em>(\u2018east\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018woodland clearing, glade\u2019) and could mean simply \u2018eastern wood or clearing\u2019.\u00a0 However, it is located about 5 kilometres east of the town of Leigh<\/strong> and so it is likely that it actually means \u2018east of Leigh\u2019.\u00a0 Astley gives its name to Astley Green, a village to the south, which is divided between Higher Green and Lower Green by the Bridgewater Canal,<\/strong> and to Astley Brook, a tributary of the River Tonge<\/strong>. \u00a0See also<\/em> WESTLEIGH<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASTLEY BRIDGE<\/strong> is a residential area of northern Bolton <\/strong>that was formerly in Lancashire.\u00a0 As the name suggests, it lies on Astley Brook, which rises near Halliwell<\/strong> and then flows east to meet Eagley<\/strong> Brook to form the River Tonge<\/strong>.\u00a0 Astley Bridge itself seems to have been known by various names, including Ashwood and Lower Sharples<\/strong>, until the second half of the 19th<\/sup> century, and the name was possibly standardised by the opening of the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway\u2019s Astley Bridge station in 1877.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASYLUM BROOK <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> MERE BROOK <\/strong>and MERE CLOUGH<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The ATHENAEUM <\/strong>is a building, now part of Manchester Art Gallery, which was originally built in 1837 for the Manchester Athenaeum, \u2018an institution for literary, political and scientific uses\u2019 which included Richard Cobden, Frederick Engels, Charles Dickens and Benjamin Disraeli among its members and speakers.\u00a0 It was named after the London Athenaeum<\/em>, founded in 1824, which in turn took its name from the Athenaeum in Rome built by the Emperor Hadrian (AD78-138), who named it after the temple of Athena<\/em>, the Greek goddess of wisdom, in Athens.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ATHERLEIGH <\/strong>is a district of Atherton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 Atherleigh <\/em>was not an existing place name but was invented for estates that had been developed after World War I by combining the first element of Ather<\/em>ton with nearby Leigh<\/em>.\u00a0 The name was standardised when the London Midland & Scottish Railway opened a station at Atherleigh in October 1935 to serve these residential areas.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ATHERTON <\/strong>is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 For much of the 19th<\/sup> century the town was known as Chowbent<\/strong>, and this name apparently continues in local use.\u00a0 In 1888 the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway called its new station Atherton Central.\u00a0 The name is first recorded as Aderton<\/em> in 1212 and the modern spelling was first used in 1322.\u00a0 There are two theories about the origin and meaning.\u00a0 One is that the name is means \u2018a farm or village of a man named \u00c6thelhere\u2019, from the Old English personal name \u01e2thelhere<\/em> + t\u016bn<\/em>, meaning \u2018farmstead or village\u2019. \u00a0<\/strong>The other is that it means \u2018the farmstead or village (t\u016bn<\/em>) of the little brook (Old English adre<\/em>)\u2019, probably in reference to Atherton Brook, a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ATOM VALLEY<\/strong> is an industrial and commercial development zone in the north of Greater Manchester, including the Northern Gateway in Bury<\/strong> and Rochdale<\/strong>, Kingsway<\/strong> Business Park in Rochdale and Stakehill<\/strong> in Rochdale and Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name was inspired by Silicon Valley<\/em> in California, and Atom refers to the original splitting of the atom<\/em> by Ernest Rutherford at Manchester University in 1917.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AUDENSHAW<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, about 8 kilometres east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1200 as Aldwynshawe<\/em>, meaning \u2018Aldwine\u2019s copse\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Aldwine<\/em> + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018wood, copse\u2019).\u00a0 The town lends its name to the three Audenshaw Reservoirs, which were built in 1877-82.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AUSTERLANDS<\/strong> is a suburb of Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> which was previously in West Yorkshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Osterlands<\/em> in 1722 and probably means \u2018cultivated lands (Old English land<\/em>) with a sheep-fold (eowestre<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AVIVA STUDIOS<\/strong> is a 13,300 square-metre venue for cultural events, exhibitions and concerts close to the centre of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was constructed on the site of the former Granada TV studios and took the name Aviva in 2023 following a sponsorship deal. \u00a0Aviva<\/em> PLC is a British insurance company whose name is a palindrome based on the Latin word viva<\/em>, meaning \u2018life, alive\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AVRO HERITAGE MUSEUM<\/strong> is an aeronautical museum in Woodford<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is built on the site of Woodford aerodrome and the factory of the Avro <\/em>aircraft company.\u00a0 Avro was established in 1907 and took its name from those of its founders, the brothers Alliott Verdon<\/em> Roe<\/em> (1877-1958) and Humphrey Verdon Roe<\/em> (1878-1949), who were both born in Patricroft<\/strong>.\u00a0 The company remained in production until 2011 and the museum opened on 13 November 2015.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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B<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BACKBOWER\u00a0<\/strong>is a residential area of Hyde<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded as Bower<\/em> Fold in 1831 and as Bank Bower<\/em> in 1842.\u00a0 Its derivation is from Old English banke<\/em> (\u2018river bank, hillside\u2019) + b<\/em>\u016br <\/em>(\u2018cottage, dwelling\u2019), so that Backbower means \u2018cottage on a hillside\u2019, referring to its position above Werneth<\/strong> Brook, a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong>. \u00a0See also<\/em> BOWER FOLD<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BACK O\u2019 TH\u2019 MOSS<\/strong> is a residential area north of Heywood<\/strong> town centre in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is recorded in the mid-19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0\u00a0 Moss<\/em> in this case is said to refer to a large meadow that was used for textile tentering or bleaching rather than the usual bog or swamp, although perhaps it had been a marshy area that had been drained.\u00a0 The higher ground behind Moss became known as Back o\u2019 th\u2019 Moss.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

BAG LANE <\/strong>is a small village in Atherton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1831, when the Bolton & Leigh Railway opened Bag Lane station to serve the village, which was close to a number of collieries.\u00a0 The origin of the name is obscure \u2013 there are no recorded textile or bag factories in the area.\u00a0 The most plausible suggestion is that the name is a corruption of Back Lane<\/em>, usually a service lane<\/em> running along the back <\/em>of properties for access and to deliver goods or collect rubbish and waste.\u00a0 The name is found from the 15th<\/sup> century and is common throughout England:\u00a0 there are 15 Back Lanes in Greater Manchester<\/strong>, including Back Lane in nearby Hulton, <\/em><\/strong>and over 200 street names including Back<\/em>, e.g. Back Shakerley Road<\/em>, which runs parallel to Shakerley<\/strong> Road in Tyldesley<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BAGSLATE MOOR <\/strong>is a residential area of Spotland<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century as Bagslade<\/em>, meaning \u2018Bacga\u2019s<\/em> valley\u2019, from an Anglo Saxon personal name + Old English sl<\/em>\u0153d<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019).\u00a0 Bagslate Moor is 204 metres\u00a0high and overlooks the valleys of the River Roch<\/strong> to the south and Naden Brook<\/strong> to the west.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BAGULEY <\/strong>is a residential area of Wythenshawe<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was formerly in Cheshire<\/strong> and is first recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Bagelei<\/em>, from bacga<\/em> or bagga<\/em>, which may be a personal name or the name of a wild animal, possibly a badger, + l\u0113ah<\/em>, meaning \u2018woodland clearing\u2019 or \u2018enclosure\u2019.\u00a0 It gives its name to Baguley Brook, a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BAILEY\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> NEW BAILEY<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BALDERSTONE <\/strong>is a district of the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, south of Rochdale town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1323 as Baldreston<\/em>, meaning \u2018Baldere\u2019s village\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018farm, village\u2019).\u00a0 At some time after the 16th<\/sup> century the second element was rationalised as \u2018stone\u2019 to give the modern spelling of the name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BALDINGSTONE <\/strong>is a village north of Walmsersley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but the village is known to date back to the 12th<\/sup> century and it may be an eponym derived from an Anglo-Saxon personal name + ingas- <\/em>(\u2018people of, family of\u2019) + t<\/em>\u016bn <\/em>(\u2018farm, village\u2019).<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

BAMFORD <\/strong>is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, west of the main town and north of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1282 as Baunford<\/em> and the modern spelling is found from 1284.\u00a0 The meaning is \u2018ford with a beam\u2019, referring to a wooden footbridge over a tributary of the Roch<\/strong>, from Old English beam<\/em> (\u2018tree, beam\u2019) + ford<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BAMFURLONG <\/strong>is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, south of Wigan town centre.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1442 as Banforthlang<\/em>, meaning \u2018furlong or strip of land where beans are grown\u2019, from Old English bean<\/em> + furh<\/em> (\u2018furrow\u2019) + lang <\/em>(\u2018length\u2019).\u00a0 Together, furh <\/em>+ lang<\/em> gave the modern measure of a furlong<\/em> (\u2018the distance an ox could plough without resting\u2019).\u00a0 Bamfurlong is one of the few place names in Greater Manchester that makes reference to a food crop.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BANK BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises on Castleshaw<\/strong> Moor in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows south into Castleshaw Upper Reservoir.\u00a0 The origin and meaning are not well documented but would seem to be literal:\u00a0 \u2018the stream that flows down a slope or bank<\/em> (Old Norse banke<\/em>)\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARDSLEY <\/strong>is a suburban area of south Oldham<\/strong> that lies north of the River Medlock<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1422 as Bardesley<\/em> and Bardsley<\/em>, meaning \u2018the wood or clearing of someone called Beard <\/em>or Beornr<\/em>\u01e3d<\/em>\u2019, from an Anglo-Saxon personal name + l\u0113ah<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

BARDSLEY GATE <\/strong>is a village south of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1842 but is almost certainly far older, probably sharing its origin with Bardsley<\/strong> in Oldham<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARFOOT BRIDGE <\/strong>or BARFOOT AQUEDUCT <\/strong>in Sale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> was built in 1765 to carry the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong> over the River Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0 A second bridge was built alongside the first in 1898-1907 to take the Manchester South Junction & Altrincham Railway\u2019s line across the Mersey.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 12th<\/sup> century as Barfotehalt<\/em>, from the Old English baerfot<\/em> (\u2018barefoot\u2019) + halh<\/em> (\u2018nook, corner of land\u2019).\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARLEY BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Douglas<\/strong> that rises in Beech Hill<\/strong> and flows south to join the Douglas west of Wigan<\/strong> near Laithwaite<\/strong>, although it is culverted for much of its length.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1908 and is probably quite literal:\u00a0 \u2018the brook<\/em> that flows through an area where barley<\/em> is grown\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARLOW FOLD<\/strong> is an area south of Bury<\/strong> on the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 Barlow is recorded in 1254 as Barlowe<\/em>, meaning \u2018barley hill\u2019, from Old English bere<\/em> (\u2018barley\u2019) + hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019, usually an artificial mound).\u00a0 Fold may be a later addition, from Old English fald<\/em>, \u2018an enclosure for animals or people\u2019 or fold<\/em>, \u2018a small group of cottages and farm buildings\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARLOW FOLD <\/strong>is a residential area north-east of Romiley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 17th<\/sup> century and most buildings date from the 18th<\/sup>.\u00a0 The name means \u2018an enclosure where barley is grown or stored\u2019 from Old English bere<\/em> (\u2018barley\u2019) + hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019) + fald<\/em>, \u2018an enclosure for animals or people\u2019 or fold<\/em>, \u2018a small group of cottages and farm buildings\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARLOW MOOR <\/strong>is a locality in south Manchester <\/strong>that is named after the Barlow<\/em> family, who came from Derbyshire<\/strong>, where the village of Barlow was mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Barleie<\/em>, meaning \u2018boar clearing\u2019 or \u2018barley clearing\u2019.\u00a0 The Barlows moved to Lancashire in the 13th<\/sup> century and their manor house is referred to in 1254 as Barlowe<\/em>.\u00a0 Their later home, Barlow Hall, was built in 1584 and now belongs to the Chorlton-cum-Hardy<\/strong> Golf Club.\u00a0 Barlow Moor is mentioned in May 1644, when Prince Rupert, the Royalist commander, camped his troops on Barloe More<\/em> during the Civil War.\u00a0 Barlow Moor is mentioned as a \u2018chapelry\u2019 in 1870.\u00a0 An area beside the River Mersey<\/strong> is known as Barlow Ees, meaning \u2018the land close to Barlow Moor liable to flooding\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARNES GREEN <\/strong>is a residential area of Harphurey<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>, north of the city centre and east of the River Irk<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1443 as Berne Grene<\/em>, meaning literally \u2018the village green with or by some barns\u2019, from Old English bern<\/em> + grene<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARNES HOSPITAL <\/strong>and BARNES VILLAGE\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>Barnes Hospital in Cheadle<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport <\/strong>was built in 1871-1875 as a convalescent hospital with funding provided by Robert Barnes<\/em> (1800-1871), a cotton mill owner who had been Mayor of Manchester<\/strong> in 1851-1853.\u00a0 The hospital closed in 1999 and from 2015 was converted into a residential development named Barnes Village.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u201cBARNEY\u2019S STEPS\u201d <\/strong>See <\/em>COLLYHURST FOOTBRIDGE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARNSFOLD <\/strong>is a hamlet south-west of Marple<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 Barnsfold Manor Farm dates from 1659 and the name is eponymous:\u00a0 George Barns<\/em> (died 1699) + Old English fald <\/em>(\u2018enclosure for animals\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARRACK HILL <\/strong>is a residential locality in Romiley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1780 no actual military barracks<\/em> on a hill<\/em> appears on 19th-century maps.\u00a0 Family records as far back as 1839 suggest that troops were stationed in this location at that date.\u00a0 However, the name may come from another early meaning of barrack<\/em> \u2013 a simple or temporary shelter, not necessarily with any military association.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARRACK PARK <\/strong>is 2.2-hectare public park and sports facility in Hulme<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the Hulme cavalry barracks<\/em>, which were built in about 1817 and housed the 15th<\/sup> King\u2019s Hussars, who took part in the infamous \u2018Peterloo\u2019 massacre in St Peter\u2019s <\/strong>Field 1819.\u00a0 The barracks were demolished in 1914 and converted into a public park which was initially known as St George\u2019s<\/strong> Park, but was renamed Barrack Park in 1994.\u00a0 See also <\/em>NEW BARRACKS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARROW BRIDGE<\/strong> is a village in Halliwell<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The land was originally owned by the Barrow<\/em> family, whose farm was divided by Dean Brook<\/strong> with a bridge connecting the two parts.\u00a0 Some of their land was sold in the late 18th<\/sup> century to build a cotton mill.\u00a0 In 1830 the rest of the farm was sold, the mill demolished and two steam-powered mills were built.\u00a0 The workers were accommodated in a model village, which eventually became known as Barrow Bridge.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARROW BROOK <\/strong>today is a distributary of the River Mersey<\/strong>, feeding water from the Mersey south of Chorlton-cum-Hardy<\/strong> to Sale Water Park<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears on the 1842 Ordnance Survey map but Sale Water Park was a by-product of the construction of the M60 motorway in the 1970s, suggesting that at one time it flowed into the Mersey.\u00a0 The name is thought to derive from Old English bearu<\/em>, meaning \u2018grove, small wood\u2019, or bearg<\/em>, meaning \u2018a barrow pig, a castrated boar\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARROWSHAW <\/strong>is a small residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, north of the town itself.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is recorded in 1633 as now spelled but divided into Further and Nearer Barrowshaw.\u00a0 Today the area is divided between Higher Barrowshaw in the north and Near Barrowshaw in the south.\u00a0 The derivation is uncertain, but may be Old English bearu<\/em> (\u2018grove\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse, small wood\u2019).<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

BARTON MOSS<\/strong> is a residential area of Eccles<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 It is recorded from 1196 simply as Barton<\/em>, meaning \u2018barley farm or village,\u2019 from Old English bere<\/em> + t<\/em>\u016bn.\u00a0 Moss<\/em>, meaning \u2018bog or swamp\u2019, was added at a later date.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARTON-UPON-IRWELL<\/strong>, also called BARTON-ON-IRWELL<\/strong> or simply BARTON<\/strong>, is a suburb of the City of Salford<\/strong> beside the River Irwell<\/strong> and the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1196 simply as Barton<\/em> but by 1277 it is found as Barton on Irrewelle<\/em>.\u00a0 Barton<\/em> means \u2018barley farm or village,\u2019 from Old English bere<\/em> + t<\/em>\u016bn, <\/em>and adding a reference to its location on the Irwell may distinguish it from Barton Moss<\/strong> or other Bartons in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 <\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

River BEAL<\/strong> is a short river that rises north-east of Rochdale<\/strong> and flows about 15 kilometres north-west to join the River Roch<\/strong> at Belfield<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1200 as Bole<\/em>, which may be an old Celtic river name or a derivation of the Old English b\u0113ag<\/em>, meaning \u2018river bend\u2019, which would aptly describe the meandering course of the river.\u00a0 The river gives its name to Belfield<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BEALEY\u2019S GOIT<\/strong> is an artificial waterway east of Radcliffe <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in about 1760 to take water from the River Irwell<\/strong> to Bealey\u2019s bleaching works.\u00a0 It takes its name from the Old English goit<\/em> (\u2018channel, stream\u2019) cut to supply the works built by William Bealey <\/em>(1683-1763).\u00a0 The works were demolished in 1980 but the Bealey family donated their estate to the people of Radcliffe in 1925 and this is now Close Park<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BEAT BANK CANAL <\/strong>was planned to link the Stockport <\/strong>Branch Canal with the coal mines of the hamlet of Beat Bank in Denton<\/strong>, a distance of about 5.5 kilometres.\u00a0 It was authorised in 1793 but abandoned in 1798 when about 60% had been built.\u00a0 The name of Beat Bank is recorded in 1645 and is thought to derive from Old English byht<\/em> (meaning \u2018a bend or curve\u2019, referring to the meandering of the River Tame<\/strong>) + banke<\/em> (\u2018bank, slope\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BEDFORD<\/strong> is a suburb of Leigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The town of Leigh<\/strong> was formed in 1875 from the merger of Pennington<\/strong>, Westleigh<\/strong> and Bedford.\u00a0 Bedford itself is recorded in 1201 as Bedeford<\/em>, meaning \u2018Beda\u2019s ford\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name B\u0113da<\/em> + ford<\/em>, probably a ford across Pennington <\/strong>Brook, a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 Bedford also gives its name to Bedford Brook<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BEECH HILL <\/strong>is a suburb of north-west Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but there was a large house called Beech Hill Hall in the area dating from the late 17th<\/sup> century, and the area was heavily wooded even in the mid-19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It therefore seems likely that the name can be taken literally to mean \u2018beech tree hill\u2019 from the Old English b\u0113ce\u00a0+ hyll.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BEESLEY GREEN <\/strong>is or was an area of Worsley<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>, and it now forms part of the Roe Green<\/strong>\/<\/p>\n

Beesley Green conservation area.\u00a0 The name seems to date from the late 16th<\/sup> century, when a Thomas Beesley<\/em> and his descendants farmed the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

BEETHAM TOWER<\/strong> is a 47-storey commercial and residential skyscraper at the southern end of Deansgate<\/strong> in central Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was completed in 2006 and, at 169 metres, was at the time the tallest building in Britain outside London.\u00a0 It is named after its builders and owners, the Beetham <\/em>Organisation, a property development company based in Liverpool.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BELFIELD<\/strong> is a district of Rochdale<\/strong> about 2 kilometres east-north-east of the town centre at the confluence of the River Beal<\/strong> and the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The River Beal <\/em>gives its name to Belfield, which is recorded in 1310 as Belefeld<\/em>, meaning simply \u2018the field by the River Beal\u2019.\u00a0 The derivation of the river name is uncertain but a possibility is the Old English b\u0113ag<\/em>, meaning \u2018river bend\u2019, which would aptly describe the meandering course of the river.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The BELL <\/strong>is a greenbelt area west of Kitt Green<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Bell<\/em> House Farm, but the derivation is uncertain:\u00a0 it may be the family name Bell<\/em>, a reference to the local 17th<\/sup>-18th<\/sup> century bell<\/em>-making industry of the Orrell<\/strong> and Markland (see Martland Mill<\/strong>) families, or a reference to the many bell<\/em> pits that were employed to mine shallow seams of coal in the Wigan area from the 16th<\/sup> to 19th<\/sup> centuries.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BELLE VUE <\/strong>is now a district in eastern Manchester<\/strong> that takes its name from the large zoo and amusement park that stood in the area until November 1987.\u00a0 This was originally opened in 1834 as \u2018Belle Vue Tea Gardens\u2019, taking its name from the French for \u2018beautiful view\u2019.\u00a0 The site and its facilities were gradually extended but it went into decline in the 1970s and the last speedway event was held in 1987.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BENCHILL<\/strong> is a residential area of Wythenshawe<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>, roughly 13 kilometres south of the city centre.\u00a0 Residential development started before World War II but the name dates from the start of the late 13th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It was recorded in 1289 as Bangengehull<\/em>, meaning \u2018the hill belonging to B<\/em>\u0113age<\/em> or B<\/em>\u01e3ga<\/em>\u2019, from an Anglo-Saxon personal name + -ing-<\/em> (\u2018belonging to\u2019) + hyll <\/em>(\u2018hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BENTCLIFFE <\/strong>was a mediaeval estate of Salford<\/strong> that is now recalled in Bentcliffe Park, a small neighbourhood in Eccles<\/strong>.\u00a0 Bentcliffe Mill was originally built before 1800 and was later part-owned by Friedrich Engels.\u00a0 The name is recorded from 1550 but was variously spelled Bentcliffe<\/em>, Bencliffe<\/em>, Beancliffe<\/em> and Beaucliffe<\/em>.\u00a0 The meaning is usually given as \u2018the cliff where bent or coarse grass grows\u2019, from the Old English beonet<\/em> + clif<\/em>, but clearly the meaning would change if an alternative spelling reflected the true origin.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BENTGATE <\/strong>is a residential area of Newhey in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> that is located north-east of a large bend<\/em> in the River Beal<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are several places with this name in north-west England, none of them well documented.\u00a0 Given its location, it seems likely that its meaning is \u2018curved road\u2019, from Old English bend<\/em> (\u2018bend, twist\u2019) + Old Norse gata <\/em>(\u2018road\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BENT LANES BROOK <\/strong>was originally a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong> but it now empties into the Manchester Ship<\/strong> Canal<\/strong> in Calder Bank <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford.<\/strong>\u00a0 It rises in Streford<\/strong> as Longford<\/strong> Brook and as Bent Lanes Brook it flows west and north-west through Davyhulme<\/strong>.\u00a0 While there is a Bent Lane in Prestwich<\/strong> named after the Bent family, who built Bent House in the mid-18th<\/sup> century, the brook takes its name from an aptly-named crooked street in Urmston <\/strong>and appears on maps from the 1840s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BESOM HILL <\/strong>is a 357-metre high hill north-east of Oldham<\/strong> that also gives its name to a 9.5-hectare country park and Besom reservoir.\u00a0 The hill is known to be a place of ancient habitation dating back to the Neolithic period 7000-10,000 years ago but the name is not well documented.\u00a0 It is said to be taken from the Old English besom<\/em>, meaning \u2018a broom made from twigs bound together round a handle\u2019, probably because it was a location for the twigs used to make besoms.\u00a0 The hill gives its name to Besom Hill Reservoir, which was built in about 1860.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BESSES O’ TH’ BARN<\/strong> is a district of Whitefield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name was originally that of an inn owned by a landlady called Bess that was either near a barn or looked like a barn.\u00a0 The inn was originally called the Dog Inn or Bowling Green but was renamed in 1821 and the name was gradually applied to the surrounding village.\u00a0 The name was standardised by the London Midland & Scottish Railway in 1931 when a station was opened to serve a large new housing estate in the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BESWICK <\/strong>is an inner-city area of Manchester<\/strong> on the River Medlock<\/strong> that was formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was recorded as Beaces hlaw<\/em> in 917.\u00a0 The Old English hlaw<\/em> meant \u2018mound or hill\u2019, and Beac<\/em> is thought to be a personal name.\u00a0 The name evolved to Bexwik <\/em>by 1200-1223, with w<\/em>\u012bc<\/em> meaning \u2018settlement or farm\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BEVIS GREEN <\/strong>is a residential area of Walmersley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is little-documented before a cotton mill was built there in 1810, which, after it was demolished, became the site of a housing estate built in the 2020s.\u00a0 The name might be an eponym:\u00a0 the family name Bevis<\/em> is said to derive either from the French town of Beauvais <\/em>(from the Gaulish Bellovaci tribe) or from the old French bel + fiz<\/em>, meaning \u2018beautiful son\u2019.\u00a0 However, Bevis Marks in London is an orthographic corruption of Bury\u2019s<\/em> (in this case referring to Bury St Edmunds) and so the possibility that Bevis Green was originally Bury\u2019s Green cannot be ruled out until there is firmer research evidence of the name\u2019s origin.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BEXLEY SQUARE<\/strong> is a public space in front of what was originally Salford<\/strong> town hall.\u00a0 It is named after Lord Bexley <\/em>(1766-1851), who as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster from 1823-1828 laid the foundation stone on 30 August 1825.\u00a0 The town hall was completed in 1827.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BICKERSHAW<\/strong> is part of Abram<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, approximately 5 kilometres south of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1200 as Bikersah<\/em> and Bikesah<\/em>, meaning \u2018bee-keepers\u2019 copse or wood\u2019, from Old English bicere<\/em> + sceaga<\/em>.\u00a0 It gives its name to the 247-hectare Bickershaw Country Park, which forms part of the Flashes of Wigan and Leigh<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BILLINGE, BILLINGE HIGHER END <\/strong>or HIGHER END<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0Billinge is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of St Helens in Merseyside<\/strong>, but Billinge Higher End (or just Higher End) is an area in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 Both were formerly in Lancashire<\/strong> but were separated in 1974.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1202 as Billin\u1e21<\/em>, meaning \u2018settlement of the people on the pointed hill\u2019, from the Old English billa<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018promontory,\u00a0point of a sword\u2019) + –ing<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018people of\u2019).\u00a0 End <\/em>is quite literal:\u00a0 the end<\/em> of a settlement or village.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BILL O\u2019JACKS PLANTATION <\/strong>is a forested area north west of Greenfield<\/strong> Brook and Yeoman Hey Reservoir<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from William Bradbury, known locally as Bill O\u2019Jack<\/em> (i.e. the son of Jack), the 84-year old landlord of the Moor Cock Inn, who was murdered on 2 April 1832, along with his 46-year old son, Thomas (Tom O\u2019Bill).\u00a0 The pub became known as Bill O\u2019Jacks and when it was demolished in 1937 the name was adopted for the plantation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BILLY GROUND <\/strong>is a rural area of Saddleworth <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1832 but its origin is uncertain:\u00a0 it is unlikely that it indicates that the land was once owned by someone called William; more likely is that it is from the Old Norse or Old English byle<\/em>, meaning \u2018rounded hill\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BILLY PIT BROOK <\/strong>is a stream that flows into the Leeds & Liverpool Canal from near Crooke<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name originates from the Billy Pit<\/em>, more properly the William Pit Colliery that was opened in 1803 but worked out and closed in 1846.\u00a0 The colliery may have been named after William<\/em> Hustler, one of the Yorkshire Quakers who originally invested in the mine.\u00a0 Alternatively, it could have been named after William<\/em> Ellam, the agent and manager.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BIRCH<\/strong> is an area north-west of Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1246 as Birches<\/em>, meaning \u2018birch trees\u2019, from the Old English birce<\/em>.\u00a0 This is one of the many landscape names indicating the types of trees growing locally in mediaeval times.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BIRCHEN BROOK <\/strong>or BIRCHEN CLOUGH <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises on Saddleworth<\/strong> Moor and flows south into Dovestone Reservoir<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded on the 1843 Ordnance Survey map and means \u2018the stream (Old English br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em>) or ravine (cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>) where birch trees (birce<\/em>) are found).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BIRCH MOSS COVERT NATURE RESERVE<\/strong> is a 6.1-hectare wildlife reserve in Broadheath<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 Birch Moss appears on an 1831 map and means \u2018swamp where birch trees are found\u2019, from Old English birce<\/em> + mos<\/em>.\u00a0 The area had been used for farming but was developed as a wildlife reserve from 1972 and was officially opened in 1980.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BIRKS<\/strong> is a small residential area north-east of Oldham<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is said to derive from the Old Norse birki<\/em>, meaning \u2018birch tree\u2019.\u00a0 \u00a0This would be one of the many places in Greater Manchester<\/strong> taking its name from a type of tree.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BIRTENSHAW<\/strong> is an area in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1277 as Byrkenshaw<\/em>, meaning \u2018birch copse\u2019, from Old English bircen<\/em> (\u2018birch tree\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse, small wood\u2019), referring to the ancient once-wooded landscape of much of Greater Manchester<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BIRTLE<\/strong> is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, west of the town of Rochdale itself.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1246 as Birkel<\/em>, meaning \u2018birch tree hill\u2019, from Old English birce<\/em> (\u2018birch\u2019) + hyll<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019), referring to a 282-metre hill nearby.\u00a0 The name is one of many examples of place names taken from the landscape of pre-Norman Britain.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLACK BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong> which rises in Tottington<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury <\/strong>and flows roughly east for 266 metres to join with Kirklees Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is one of several streams called Black Brook in north-west England, all meaning literally \u2018dark, black (Old English bl<\/em>\u00e6c<\/em>) brook (br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLACK CHEW HEAD<\/strong> is a hill in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and, at 542 metres, the highest point in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1468 as Blackchew-hede<\/em>, meaning \u2018black valley head\u2019, from the Old English blaec <\/em>(\u2018black\u2019) + c\u0113o<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019) + h\u0113afod <\/em>(\u2018head, headland, river source\u2019).\u00a0 The \u2018valley\u2019 refers to that of Chew Brook<\/strong>, which rises on its western slopes and flows to Dovestones<\/strong> Reservoir before joining the River Tame<\/strong> at Greenfield<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLACKFORD BRIDGE<\/strong> is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury <\/strong>that lies on the River Roch<\/strong> just above its confluence with the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but it is thought that Blackford refers to an ancient ford across the Black Brook or dark river, i.e. the Roch, on the road between Manchester<\/strong> and Bury.\u00a0 The first bridge had been built by 1551 and the name Blackford Bridge<\/em> is recorded in 1667.\u00a0 This bridge was replaced in the mid-18th<\/sup> century and a new bridge was built in 1903.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

BLACKFRIARS\u00a0<\/strong>is a suburb of the City of Salford<\/strong> on the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Blackfriars<\/em> Bridge over the Irwell and connects Salford with Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The first Blackfriars Bridge was built in 1761 to provide access to a theatre in Salford.\u00a0 There are two related theories about its naming.\u00a0 One is that it was named after Blackfriars Bridge<\/em> across the Thames in London, which was built in 1760-1769 and was itself named for a 13th<\/sup>-century Dominican monastery north of the Thamas.\u00a0 The second is that it was named after the old Blackfriars theatres in London, the first of which was built on the site of the Blackfriars monastery in 1576.\u00a0 The original Salford bridge was demolished in 1817 and replaced by the present bridge, which was opened in 1820.\u00a0 Blackfriars is an early example of a transferred name and one which seems to have been intended to gentrify parts of Salford and Manchester.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLACK LANE<\/strong> is a residential area north of Radcliffe<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented.\u00a0 It is evidently named after its position on a road going north towards the moors and the name was standardised by the Lancashire & Yorkshire when it opened Black Lane station on 20 November 1848.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLACKLEACH COUNTRY PARK<\/strong> is a 50-hectare nature reserve just north of Walkden<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1250 as Blakelache<\/em>, although the location is difficult to verify.\u00a0 The name means \u2018black stream or bog\u2019 from Old English blak<\/em> + lache <\/em>(\u2018boggy stream\u2019).\u00a0 Modern Blackleach dates from 1778, when it was developed as an industrial site with chemical works.\u00a0 The polluted site was derelict by 1976 but was transformed into a nature reserve, which was opened in 2004.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLACKLEY <\/strong>is a residential district on the River Irk<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>, about 8 kilometres north of the city centre.\u00a0 Some sources state that Blackley <\/em>is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086, but the earliest record is usually put at 1282, when it is given as Blakeley<\/em>, meaning \u2018black or dark wood or clearing\u2019, from Old English bl<\/em>\u00e6c<\/em> + l\u0113ah.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLACKMOOR <\/strong>is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1210 as Blakemore<\/em>, literally meaning \u2018black moor\u2019, from Old English bl<\/em>\u00e6c<\/em> + m<\/em>\u014dr.<\/em>\u00a0 Blackmoor is further west than most of the other moors in Greater Manchester<\/strong> and it is likely that the original meaning here would have been \u2018marshy land\u2019 rather than \u2018barren upland\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLACK MOSS COVERT NATURE RESERVE <\/strong>is a 2.1-hectare site of biological importance west of Altrincham<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It seemingly takes its name from Black Moss Farm<\/em>, which appears on maps of 1831, although the name is probably much older.\u00a0 It is derived from the Old English bl<\/em>\u00e6c <\/em>(\u2018black, dark\u2019) + mos <\/em>(\u2018marsh, bog\u2019).<\/em>\u00a0 \u2018Covert<\/em>\u2019 is a mediaeval borrowing from French that is applied particularly to a thicket in which animals or game can hide.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLACK MOSS RESERVOIRS <\/strong>are two reservoirs built in the early 19th<\/sup> century to supply water to the Huddersfield Narrow Canal.\u00a0 Black Moss Reservoir is in Kirklees in Lancashire<\/strong>, while Little Moss<\/strong> Reservoir is in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 They take their names from Black Moss<\/em>, a moorland area to the east in the Peak District<\/strong> National Park.\u00a0 The name is derived from the Old English bl<\/em>\u00e6c <\/em>(\u2018black, dark\u2019) + mos <\/em>(\u2018marsh, bog\u2019).<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLACKROD<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, west of the town centre.\u00a0 It is recorded in about 1188 as Blacherode<\/em>, meaning \u2018dark clearing\u2019, from Old English bl<\/em>\u00e6c<\/em> + rodu<\/em>, referring to the darkness of the clearing rather than the colour of the trees or the soil.\u00a0 A second, less likely theory is that the \u2018rod\u2019 might be the Holy Rood, the cross of Christ, from the Old English rod.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLACKSHAW BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Croal<\/strong> which rises east of Bottom o\u2019 the Moor and flows south and south-west to Pocket <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton <\/strong>where Middle Brook<\/strong> becomes the Croal.\u00a0 It gives its name to Blackshaw Brook, a 10.8-hectare woodland area.\u00a0 The name means \u2018small black wood\u2019, from Old English bl<\/em>\u00e6c <\/em>+ sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLACKSTONE EDGE <\/strong>is a 472-metre escarpment in the Pennines<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> on the boundary between Greater Manchester<\/strong> and West Yorkshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1291 as Blackesteyenegge <\/em>and with its modern spelling from 1551.\u00a0 It gives its name to Blackstone Edge Reservoir, built in 1798 to supply water to the Rochdale Canal.\u00a0\u00a0 The name literally means \u2018black stone\u2019 from Middle English blak<\/em> + st<\/em>\u0101n<\/em>, referring to the colour of the gritstone of which it is composed, + ecg <\/em>(\u2018edge\u2019).\u00a0 This appearance struck Celia Fiennes, who rode up Blackstone Edge in 1698 and said that was \u2018noted all over England for a dismal high precipice\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLATCHINWORTH <\/strong>is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1276 as Blackenworthe<\/em>.\u00a0 It might mean \u2018Blaeca\u2019s enclosed settlement\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + -ingas-<\/em> (\u2018belonging to\u2019) + worth<\/em>, or it could mean \u2018bleaching area\u2019, from Old English bl<\/em>\u01e3con <\/em>(\u2018bleaching\u2019) + worth<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLEAK HEY NOOK<\/strong> is a hamlet of former weavers\u2019 cottages on Saddleworth<\/strong> Moor north-east of Delph<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in baptismal records in 1813 and is descriptive, coming from Middle English bl<\/em>\u00e6c <\/em>(\u2018bleak, dark\u2019) + h<\/em>\u00e6ag<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019) + n<\/em>\u014dk<\/em> (\u2018nook of land; triangular plot\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLUE PITS<\/strong> or BLUE PITS VILLAGE<\/strong> was the original name for Castleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented until the late 18th<\/sup> century, when the Rochdale Canal was being constructed and its highest lock was called Blue Pit from the blue clay<\/em> extracted from a local quarry.\u00a0 The name of the village was changed to Castleton in 1875, when it became an urban district council.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOARDMAN BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irk<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises north of Blackley<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong> and flows north-west to empty into the Irk east of Rhodes<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Boardman\u2019s<\/em> Tenement or Estate, which is recorded in 1808 as the site of Harpurhey<\/strong> Hall.\u00a0 The apostrophe suggests that it was named after a local family, but one source suggests that a \u2018boardman\u2019 was a tenant (i.e. a boarder<\/em>) who paid rent in kind.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOARSHAW <\/strong>is residential area in north-east Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale <\/strong>which also gives its name to Boarshaw Clough, a 6-hectare recreational area and nature site.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but, according to local legend, the area was once a forest that was home to wild boar and in the 15th<\/sup> century Sir Ralph Assheton found a boar attacking Margaret Barton, a local heiress.\u00a0 He killed the boar and the two were later married.\u00a0 The event seems to have been commemorated in the name, derived from bar<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a boar\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse, small wood\u2019). \u00a0\u00a0Clough comes from Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em> (\u2018deep valley\u2019), referring to the valley of Whit Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOAR\u2019S HEAD <\/strong>is a residential area in Standish<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, north of Wigan town centre.\u00a0 It is said to take its name from a local pub dating from the 13th<\/sup> century and thought to be one of the oldest in England.\u00a0 Boar\u2019s Head lies close to the River Douglas <\/strong>at a point where the roads to Preston, Chorley and Wigan meet.\u00a0 The name of the district was standardised when the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway and the Lancashire Union Railways opened a joint station named Boar\u2019s Head on 1 December 1869.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOARSHURST <\/strong>is a rural area of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>close to the moors of Saddleworth<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is recorded in 1583 and presumably means \u2018the wooded hill where boars are found\u2019, from the Old English bar<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a boar\u2019) + hyrst <\/em>(\u2018wooded hill\u2019), referring to the local wildlife and landscape.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOGGART HOLE CLOUGH<\/strong> is a 76-hectare country park in Blackley<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1867, and in 1893, when Manchester Corporation purchased the land for health and recreational reasons.\u00a0 However, it is evident that some of its elements may derive from earlier times:\u00a0 a boggart<\/em> is a dialect word for an evil goblin or sprite dating from 1570 according to the Oxford English Dictionary<\/em>;\u00a0 Hole<\/em> may well be the house that was haunted by the boggart rather than a lake; and it is said that in the 17th<\/sup> century the area was known simply as \u2018the clough\u2019<\/em>, referring to a wooded valley, from Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>.\u00a0 Taken together, the name would mean \u2018the wooded valley with a house haunted by an evil goblin\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOGGART STONES <\/strong>is a rock formation on Saddleworth<\/strong> Moor in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The stones<\/em> are said to be haunted by a boggart<\/em>, a north-western dialect term for an evil or mischievous goblin.\u00a0 The landmark is shown on the Ordnance Survey map of 1843 but boggart<\/em> is first recorded in 1570.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOLHOLT <\/strong>is an area within the Metropolitan Borough of Bury <\/strong>that also gives its name to a 20-hectare country park.\u00a0 The name is not well documented, although Bolholt House<\/em> is said to date from the early 17th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name means \u2018wood on a smooth, rounded hill\u2019, from the Old English bol <\/em>(\u2018rounded hill\u2019) + holt <\/em>(\u2018wood, thicket\u2019).\u00a0 In 1969 Bolholt House and estate were converted into a country park.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River BOLLIN <\/strong>is a tributary of the Mersey<\/strong> which rises in the Derbyshire<\/strong> Peak District<\/strong>, flows through northern Cheshire<\/strong> and beneath Manchester Airport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It then forms the border between Cheshire and Greater Manchester<\/strong> before joining the Mersey at Rixton in Cheshire.\u00a0 The name is first found as Bolyn<\/em> in about 1275.\u00a0 The origin of the name is unclear \u2013 one suggestion is Old English b<\/em>\u014dl<\/em> + hlynn<\/em>, meaning \u2018a noisy river or torrent\u2019.\u00a0 The river lends its name to Bollington in Cheshire:\u00a0 the t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> or \u2018farm on the Bollin\u2019.\u00a0 Apart from Cotterill <\/strong>Brook and the River Dean<\/strong>, all of the Bollin\u2019s tributaries are in Cheshire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOLLINHURST BROOK<\/strong> is a tributary of the Mersey <\/strong>that rises in the Derbyshire<\/strong> Peak District<\/strong> and flows some 15 kilometres to its confluence with the Mersey near Cheadle<\/strong>.\u00a0 Its name changes at various points along the way.\u00a0 At its source it is Bollinhurst Brook, from the Middle English bolling<\/em> (\u2018pollarding, the cropping of branches from the trunk for poles or wattles\u2019) + hyrst<\/em>, \u2018a wooded hill\u2019.\u00a0 It then becomes Norbury Brook (see <\/em>Norbury<\/strong>), Bramhall Brook (see<\/em> Bramhall<\/strong>), the Ladybrook<\/strong> (probably from \u2018our Lady\u2019, the mother of Christ) and finally the Micker Brook<\/strong> (perhaps Old English micel,<\/em> \u2018big, great\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOLSHAW OUTWOOD<\/strong> is a residential area of Heald Green <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally an area of waste or common ground that was enclosed as farmland in the early 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Bolshaw was recorded in 1380 as Bolshagh<\/em>, meaning \u2018pollarded copse\u2019, from Old English bola\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018tree-trunk, a log, a plank\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018small wood, copse\u2019).\u00a0 Outwood<\/em> is recorded in 1586 and means \u2018outlying wood\u2019, from Old English \u016bt<\/em> + wudu<\/em>.\u00a0 The combined name of Bolshaw Outwood is found from 1812.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOLTON <\/strong>is a town, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>, and a metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester<\/strong> since 1974.\u00a0 It was recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Bodeltun<\/em> and as Bolton<\/em> since 1307.\u00a0 Until 1838, the town was divided between Little Bolton and Great Bolton, with the two separated by the River Croal<\/strong>.\u00a0 In that year the two were amalgamated as a single municipality.\u00a0 The name is derived from the Old English b\u014dthl<\/em>, meaning \u2018building, farmhouse\u2019, + t\u016bn<\/em>, ‘settlement\u2019.\u00a0 The name is quite common in northern England and is generally thought to mean \u2018a new place\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOOTH\u2019S BANK<\/strong> is a residential area to the east of Boothstown<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It lies to the north of the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but an estate called \u2018The Booths\u2019 is recorded in 1323, meaning \u2018a place with small huts\u2019, from the Old English both<\/em>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Booth\u2019s Bank Farm is recorded in 1786, with bank<\/em> meaning \u2018the slope of a hill\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOOTHSTOWN<\/strong> is a suburb of the City of Salford<\/strong> that was previously in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name first appears as Bothes man<\/em>, referring to Booths Manor, in 1500 and seems to become Boothstown<\/em> only in the late 18th<\/sup> century with the extension of the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong> through Boothstown and the development of the coal trade.\u00a0 The original name of the Booths is derived from the Old English both<\/em>, meaning \u2018a small hut or enclosure\u2019 used by a herdsman.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BORSDANE WOOD <\/strong>and BORSDANE BROOK\u00a0 Borsdane Wood <\/strong>is a 26-hectare nature reserve in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally part of the great Lancashire <\/strong>forest and is mentioned in about 1215 as a stream named Ballesdenebroc<\/em>, meaning \u2018Boell\u2019s valley stream\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name B<\/em>\u0153ll <\/em>+ denu <\/em>(\u2018long valley\u2019) + br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em> (\u2018stream\u2019).\u00a0 Parts of the forest were acquired over the years but in 1931 a large area was donated to the local authorities and opened as Borsdane (sometimes spelled \u2018Borsden\u2019) Wood.\u00a0 Borsdane Brook rises east of Platt Bridge<\/strong> and flows south-west to join Hey Brook<\/strong>, which ultimately meets the River Glaze<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOSDEN<\/strong> is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> to the east of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1233-1236 as Bosedun<\/em>, meaning \u2018B\u014dsa<\/em>\u2019s Hill\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + d\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOTANY BAY WOODS <\/strong>is a woodland area east of Eccles<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong> \u2013 the largest wooded area in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally planted from about 1760 as a long-term source of wood for the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong> and the name was in use by the end of the century.\u00a0 The origin is uncertain and disputed, but one theory is that it was named after the Australian penal colony because of its remoteness at the time.\u00a0 Botany Bay<\/em> in Australia was originally named Stingray Harbour by Captain James Cook in 1770 but he later changed this to Botany Bay because of the large number of botanical specimens obtained there.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOTTLING WOOD<\/strong> is a 13-hectare woodland area and residential district in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, about 1 kilometre north-east of Wigan town centre to the east of the River Douglas<\/strong>.\u00a0 The Bottling Wood Colliery<\/em> had been established by 1800 and a hamlet with the name was recorded in 1827.\u00a0 However, the name seems older and is usually said to be a corruption of Battling Wood<\/em>.\u00a0 The reference is to the Battle of Wigan Lane, fought on 25 August 1651 during the Civil War on the east bank of the River Douglas.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOTTOM OF WOODHOUSES<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0See <\/em>WOODHOUSES<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOTTOM O\u2019 TH\u2019 BROW <\/strong>is a residential area of Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> on the south bank of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1850 and its meaning is literal \u2013 the bottom<\/em> of the brow<\/em>, meaning \u2018hill\u2019 (Old English bru<\/em>).\u00a0 Up the hill is Bridge Street, where the road runs over Wrigley Brook<\/strong>, and it was here that Heywood\u2019s first water-powered cotton mill was built in 1777.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOTTOMS <\/strong>is an area of Mossley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 Historically, Mossley was divided between Top Mossley (see Brookbottom<\/strong>) and Bottom <\/em>Mossley, and both names are still in use.\u00a0 However, Bottom Mossley was shortened to Bottoms, a name which seems to have come into use at the end of the 18th century:\u00a0 Bottoms Hall<\/em>, which later became the apprentice house for Bottoms Mill, is recorded in 1787.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOUNDARY PARK<\/strong> is a mixed-use sports stadium in Oldham<\/strong> and the home of Oldham Athletic football club.\u00a0 It was originally built in 1896 and named the Athletic Ground, but the name was changed at some point to reflect its position in north-west Oldham close to the town\u2019s boundaries<\/em> with Royton<\/strong> and Chadderton<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOWDON<\/strong> is a suburb of Altrincham<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> that was in Cheshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is first recorded as Bogedone<\/em> in the Domesday Book of 1086, where it is described as having a church and a mill (see<\/em> Appendix 1).\u00a0 The name means \u2018rounded hill\u2019 from the Old English boga <\/em>(\u2018curved, bow-shaped\u2019) + d<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOWER BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irk<\/strong> which flows from Werneth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>to meet Hole Bottom Brook<\/strong> in Failsworth<\/strong>, forming Moston Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name occurs on the Ordnance Survey maps of the area in the late 1840s and means \u2018a stream flowing from or through a bower<\/em> or a shady, leafy area (Old English b<\/em>\u016br<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOWER FOLD <\/strong>is residential and recreational area south of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 It is recorded in 1840 as Boar Fold<\/em>, meaning \u2018enclosure for boars\u2019, from the Old English b<\/em>\u0101r<\/em> + fald<\/em>.\u00a0\u00a0 By the 20th<\/sup> century, the name was rationalised to Bower Fold, which is perhaps more genteel.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOWGREEN <\/strong>is a residential and recreational area of south-west Altrincham<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Bowgreen<\/em> in 1647, probably referring to a farm round which the residential area developed in the 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Bowgreen lies on low-lying ground between Bowdon<\/strong> and the River Bollin <\/strong>and means \u2018the green below Bowdon hill\u2019, from Old English boga <\/em>(\u2018rounded hill\u2019) + gr\u0113ne<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOWKER VALE <\/strong>is a suburban area of Blackley<\/strong> on the River Irk<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is said to date from mediaeval times when cloth was bleached on the banks of the River Irk using sunlight, rain, sour milk and urine from nearby Blackley village.\u00a0 The process was known as bowkering<\/em> and gave its name both to the village and the surname.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOWLEE <\/strong>is a village on the outskirts of Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 Bowlee is not well documented but is said to have been settled in mediaeval times.\u00a0 The name is found elsewhere in England and is probably derived from Bola<\/em> + –l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018wood, glade\u2019).\u00a0 Bola<\/em> could be a personal name or the Old English for a tree-trunk or log.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOYSNOPE <\/strong>is an area of Eccles<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong> on the north bank of the River Irwell<\/strong> and the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> with a tradition of waste disposal and, more recently, farming and recreation.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1277 as Boylsnape<\/em> and is thought to come from Middle English bole<\/em> (\u2018bull\u2019) + snape<\/em> (\u2018pasture\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOZ PARK<\/strong> is a nature reserve in the Besses o’ th’ Barn<\/strong> district of Whitefield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in the early years of the 21st<\/sup> century on land donated by a local farmer in memory of his son, Colin \u2018Boz<\/em>\u2019 Tracey.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRABYNS PARK <\/strong>is a 36-hectare public park beside the River Goyt<\/strong> in Marple<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is laid out in a former estate that was inherited in 1749 by Elizabeth Brabyn <\/em>(or Brabin).\u00a0 She and her husband, Dr Henry Brabyn, landscaped the grounds and built Brabyns Hall.\u00a0 Both grounds and hall were eventually purchased by Cheshire<\/strong> County Council in 1941 and the estate was opened as a public park in 1947.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRADFORD <\/strong>is a district in east Manchester<\/strong>, about 4 kilometres north-east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name was first recorded in 1196 as Bradeford<\/em>, from the Old English br<\/em>\u0101d<\/em> + ford<\/em> meaning \u2018broad ford\u2019 across the River Medlock<\/strong>, and distinguishing the place from a narrower ford in neighbouring Beswick<\/strong>.\u00a0 It remained a rural area until industrialised in the 19th<\/sup> century with collieries, an ironworks and brickworks.\u00a0 These all closed in the 1960s and the area went into decline but it has been regenerated since 2000 as Eastlands<\/strong> and the campus of the Etihad Stadium<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRADLEY BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of River Irwell<\/strong> which rises in the north of Philips Park<\/strong> in Prestwich<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It flows south-south-west through Mere Clough<\/strong> in the park and joins the Irwell south of the park in the Waterdale<\/strong> area of Prestwich.\u00a0 The name derives from the Old English br<\/em>\u0101d <\/em>(\u2018broad, wide\u2019) + l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018woodland clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRADLEY FOLD <\/strong>is a residential and commercial area in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>, approximately midway between Bury<\/strong> and Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is not well documented before the opening of Bradley Fold station by the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway in 1849, but the name is probably much older, deriving from the Old English br<\/em>\u0101d <\/em>(\u2018broad, wide\u2019) + l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018woodland clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRADSHAW<\/strong> is a village in Turton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1246 as Bradeshawe<\/em>, meaning \u2018broad, extensive wood or copse\u2019 from the Old English b<\/em>r\u0101da<\/em> + sceaga<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRADSHAW BROOK<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Tonge<\/strong> that takes its name from the village of Bradshaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises in Lancashire<\/strong> as Cadshaw Brook<\/strong> but changes its name as it emerges from Wayoh (Old English weg<\/em> meaning \u2018way, path\u2019 + hoh<\/em> meaning \u2018spur of a hill\u2019) Reservoir.\u00a0 As Bradshaw Brook it flows into the River Tonge in Leverhulme Park<\/strong> near Bolton.\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRADSHAW CHAPEL<\/strong> is an outlying area of the village of Bradshaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1610 but it is likely that the settlement dates back to Norman times as it developed round an older church or chapel<\/em> uniquely dedicated to St Maxentius, a Norman saint.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRAMALL HALL <\/strong>is a country house in Bramhall<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, parts of which date from the 14th<\/sup> century, set in 20 hectares of land known as Bramhall Park.\u00a0 The earliest parts were owned by the Davenport family (who gave their name to neighbouring Davenport<\/strong>) but it was sold in 1877 and acquired in 1935 by the local council, which opened it to the public.\u00a0 The hall takes its name from Bramhall<\/strong> village but Charles Nevill, who owned the hall from 1883 until his death in 1916, claimed that the Bramall spelling without an H was closer to that used in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRAMHALL<\/strong> is a leafy suburb of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> that was formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was included as Bramale<\/em> in the Domesday Book of 1086, where it was said, \u2018There is land for 6 ploughs.\u00a0 There is woodland half a league long and as much wide, and half an enclosure and 1 acre of meadow.\u00a0 He found it waste\u2019 (see<\/em> Appendix 1).\u00a0 This part of the village was below Bramall Hall<\/strong> at Bramhall Green<\/strong> where the Lady Brook<\/strong> bends but the opening of Bramhall station by the Manchester & Birmingham Railway in 1845 gradually drew development about 1.5 kilometres south.\u00a0 The name means \u2018corner of land where broom grows\u2019 from Old English br<\/em>\u014dm<\/em> + halh<\/em>, and the name is recorded as Bromhall<\/em> as late as 1577.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRAMHALL GREEN <\/strong>is an area of Bramhall<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> to the north of what is now the main village, although it is where much of Bramhall was originally located.\u00a0 The name is recorded from 1777.\u00a0 The green <\/em>is in a meander (halh<\/em>) of the Lady Brook<\/strong>, which once provided power for a corn mill close to Womanscroft<\/strong> bridge.\u00a0 The village gradually moved to its current location following the opening of the railway station in 1845.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRAMHALL MOOR <\/strong>is a residential and commercial area of Bramhall<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport <\/strong>along the old Roman road to Buxton, now the A6.\u00a0 This was the main population centre of Bramhall<\/em> until the 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0\u00a0 Records refer to Bromhall Moore<\/em> in 1632 and the name is one of several moors<\/strong> along the A6, including Heaton Moor<\/strong>, Great Moor<\/strong> and Woodsmoor.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRANDLESHOLME<\/strong> is an area in Bury<\/strong> which dates from mediaeval times.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Brandolfholm<\/em> in 1285 and some sources claim that this is from Brandlesholme<\/em>, the family name of the landowner from the 12th<\/sup> to the 16th<\/sup> centuries.\u00a0 Others suggest that that name may be older \u2013 the holm <\/em>(\u2018island, raised land\u2019) of Uhtbrand<\/em>, an Anglo-Saxon personal name that is found in many \u2018Brand\u2019 places in the Domesday Book of 1086.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRANDWOOD<\/strong> is an area of Spotland<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in about 1200 as Brendwood<\/em>, meaning \u2018the burnt wood\u2019 or \u2018the wood that has been cleared by burning\u2019, from Middle English brend <\/em>(\u2018burnt\u2019) + wudu<\/em> (\u2018wood\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BREARLEY BROOK <\/strong>is a short tributary of the River Roch<\/strong>, which rises near Syke<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and flows west and then north-west to join Hollingworth Brook<\/strong>, which then merges with Ealees<\/strong> Brook to join the Roch at Littleborough<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented.\u00a0 It takes its name from the isolated settlement of Brearley<\/em>, west of Whittaker<\/strong>.\u00a0 It means \u2018clearing among the briars\u2019, from Old English br<\/em>\u00e6r\/br<\/em>\u0113r<\/em> (\u2018briar, bramble\u2019) + l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018woodland clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BREDBURY <\/strong>is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, about 3 kilometres east of Stockport itself and 13 kilometres south-east of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Bretberie <\/em>(see<\/em> Appendix 1), meaning \u2018a stronghold built of boards\u2019, suggesting that it was an Anglo-Saxon fortification.\u00a0 The name comes from the Old English bred-,<\/em> meaning \u2018board, plank\u2019, + byrig<\/em> (\u2018fortified place\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BREIGHTMET<\/strong> is a district in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1257 as Brihtmede<\/em>, at about the same time as workers from Flanders and the Netherlands moved into the area to establish a textile industry.\u00a0 The name comes from the Old English breorht<\/em>, \u2018bright, beautiful\u2019 + m\u00e6d<\/em>, \u2018meadow\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The BRICK COMMUNITY STADIUM<\/strong> is a mixed-use sports venue in Wigan<\/strong> and home to Wigan Athletic football and Wigan Wanderers rugby clubs.\u00a0 It was built in 1999 and opened as called the JJB Stadium<\/strong> after its original sponsor, which had been founded in Wigan by John Jarvis Broughton<\/em> as a sportswear supplier in the early 1900s.\u00a0 It was renamed in 2024 after The Brick<\/em>, a local charity.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRIDGEWATER CANAL<\/strong> was the first industrial canal in Britain, and was built in 1759-1761 by the 3rd<\/sup> Duke of Bridgewater<\/em> (1736-1803) to transport coal from his mines at Worsley<\/strong> to the centre of Manchester<\/strong> at Knott Mill<\/strong>.\u00a0 The canal was later extended from Worsley to Leigh<\/strong> and from Manchester to Runcorn in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The dukes of Bridgewater took their title from Bridgwater<\/em> in Somerset, a name which probably originally meant \u2018Walter\u2019s bridge\u2019 rather than \u2018the bridge over the water\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRIDGEWATER GARDENS <\/strong>are a 62-hectare public garden in the grounds of the former Worsley <\/strong>New Hall in the City of Salford<\/strong> opened by the Royal Horticultural Society in 2021.\u00a0 The name is taken from the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong>, which forms the southern boundary.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRIDGEWATER HALL<\/strong> is a concert venue in central Manchester<\/strong>, opened in 1996.\u00a0 It is named after the Duke of Bridgewater<\/em> (1736-1803) who commissioned the nearby Bridgewater Canal<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRIMMY BROOK <\/strong>is a short stream which probably takes its name from Brimmy Croft<\/em>, a farmstead recorded in 1733.\u00a0 It flows south-west to join Lumb Hole Brook<\/strong>, which then meets the River Tame<\/strong> in Denshaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name and origin are undocumented but two possibilities have been put forward:\u00a0 it could mean \u2018the brook flowing from or along a brim<\/em> or edge\u2019 (Middle English brimme<\/em>), or \u2018the brook in an area overgrown with broom<\/em> wood (Old English bromig<\/em>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRIMROD<\/strong> is a locality in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century as Bromyrode<\/em>, meaning \u2018clearing among broomwood\u2019 from Old English brom\u00a0<\/em>+ –rod<\/em> (\u2018clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRINDLE HEATH<\/strong> is a residential area of Pendleton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong> between the River Irwell<\/strong> and the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1324 as Brendlache <\/em>meaning \u2018a brown stream flowing through boggy land\u2019, from Middle English brend<\/em>-, meaning \u2018burnt, brown\u2019, + –lache<\/em>, meaning \u2018a stream flowing through boggy land\u2019.\u00a0 Presumably this was a muddy brown stream or ditch flowing into the Irwell.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRINKSWAY<\/strong> is an area of Cheadle<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> and also a network of caves that date from 1670, perhaps earlier.\u00a0 The name is taken from a road through the area from Cheadle Heath<\/strong> to Stockport meaning \u2018road at the edge or boundary\u2019, from the Middle English brink <\/em>(\u2018edge, bank, border) + -weg<\/em> (\u2018a path or road\u2019).\u00a0 The road runs along the south edge of the Mersey<\/strong> valley, which explains its name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRINNINGTON<\/strong> is a suburb of Stockport<\/strong> north-east of the town centre.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1248 as Bruninton<\/em> but has its modern spelling by 1290.\u00a0 It means \u2018the village of farmstead of Br\u04efni\u2019s followers\u2019, from the personal name Br<\/em>\u04efni<\/em> + -ing-<\/em> (followers, people of) + –t<\/em>\u016bn <\/em>(\u2018village, estate, etc\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROADBENT<\/strong> is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, north-east of Oldham town centre.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but the surname Broadbent<\/em>, which is said to be derived from the village near Oldham, is common from the mid-16th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name means \u2018reeds that are broad and bent\u2019, from the Old English br<\/em>\u0101d<\/em> + beonet <\/em>(\u2018bent grass\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROADBOTTOM<\/strong> is a village on the River Etherow<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1286 as Brodebothem<\/em>, meaning \u2018wide valley\u2019, from Old English br<\/em>\u0101d<\/em> + bothm<\/em>, which aptly describes the location of the village.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROAD CARR<\/strong> is a rural area of Mossley<\/strong> in Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but may take its name from a local farm.\u00a0 The likely meaning is \u2018broad, rocky place\u2019, from Old English br<\/em>\u0101d <\/em>(\u2018broad, wide\u2019) + carr<\/em> (\u2018rocky place\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROAD EES DOLE<\/strong> is a wildlife park and nature reserve north-east of Sale Water Park<\/strong> beside the River Mersey<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in 1987 and its name echoes its former uses:\u00a0 Old English br\u0101d<\/em> (\u2018broad, spacious\u2019) + ees<\/em> (\u2018wetland\u2019) + dole<\/em> (\u2018common land shared out among local people\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROADFIELD<\/strong> is an area of Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It had a number of cotton mills in the 19th<\/sup> century but the district has little early documentation.\u00a0 Its name is derived from the Old English br<\/em>\u0101d<\/em>, meaning \u2018broad, spacious\u2019 + feld<\/em>, \u2018field, area of land cleared of trees\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROADHALGH<\/strong> is a suburban area of Spotland<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century as Brodehalgh<\/em>, meaning \u2018the broad nook\u2019, from the Old English br<\/em>\u0101d <\/em>(\u2018broad, wide\u2019) + halh<\/em> (\u2018nook or corner of land\u2019), aptly describing its position on the meandering River Roch<\/strong>, which runs south of the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROADHEAD MOSS <\/strong>is an upland area in the Peak District <\/strong>National Park in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Broadhead<\/em> is recorded in 1730 and means \u2018broad headland\u2019, from Old English br<\/em>\u0101d<\/em> + h<\/em>\u0113afod<\/em>.\u00a0 Broadhead Moss<\/em> is recorded on the 1843 Ordnance Survey map, with moss coming from the Old English mos<\/em>, meaning \u2018bog, swamp\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROADHEATH<\/strong> is a suburban area of Altrincham<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1831 and is composed of two modern English words describing its location and landscape.\u00a0 The area developed following the extension of the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong> to Altrincham and Broadheath in 1765 and was initially involved in the supply of vegetables to Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 In 1885 Harry Grey, the 8th<\/sup> Earl of Stamford of Dunham Massey<\/strong>, gave a square kilometre of land to develop an industrial estate at Broadheath to attract engineering companies.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROADHURST PARK <\/strong>is a recreational area in Moston<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The land originally formed part of the estate of Moston Hall but in 1920 its owner, Sir Edward Tootal Broadhurst<\/em> (1858-1922), a Manchester cotton manufacturer, donated 32 hectares to the City of Manchester to commemorate the First World War.\u00a0 United of Manchester built a football stadium in Broadhurst Park in 2015.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROADLEY <\/strong>is an area of Spotland <\/strong>close to the River Spodden<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1228 as Brodeleghbrok<\/em>, meaning \u2018a broad clearing by a brook\u2019, from the Old English br<\/em>\u0101d <\/em>(\u2018broad, wide\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (clearing\u2019) + br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em> (\u2018brook, stream\u2019), which describes its position on a small tributary of the Spodden<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROAD MILLS HERITAGE SITE <\/strong>is a visitors\u2019 attraction in Broadbottom<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It occupies the site of Broadbottom Mills, a large textile mill originally built in 1802-1824.\u00a0 The name was changed to Broad Mills<\/em> in the early 1900s.\u00a0 Much of the mill was destroyed by fire in 1949 and the site was purchased by the council in the 1980s to develop as a tourist attraction.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROAD OAK<\/strong> is an area of Worsley<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong> that also gives its name to Broadoak Park.\u00a0 There are several places named Broad Oak in Greater Manchester and Lancashire, all deriving their names from the Old English br<\/em>\u0101d <\/em>(\u2018broad, wide\u2019) + \u0101c <\/em>(\u2018oak\u2019).\u00a0 The name literally means \u2018broad oak\u2019 but may be a reference to a particularly prominent oak tree that marked a boundary.\u00a0 Broadoak Park was originally the estate of Westwood Park<\/strong> and is now used as Worsley Golf Course.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROADSTONE CLOUGH <\/strong>is a valley north-east of Pobgreen<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 A stream rises on Broadstone Hill on Broadstone Moss and flows west through the clough to join Wickens Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1272 as Brodeston<\/em>, meaning quite literally \u2019broad or large stones\u2019 from Old English br<\/em>\u0101d<\/em> + st\u0101n<\/em>.\u00a0 Clough <\/em>means \u2018deep valley, ravine\u2019 from Old English cl\u014dh<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROADWAY <\/strong>is a Metrolink tram stop in Eccles<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened on 6 December 1999 and is named after a nearby road.\u00a0 The name of the road is recorded at least as far back as 1871.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROCSTEDES<\/strong> was one of the hamlets that made up Ashton-in-Makerfield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> but today it survives as the name of the ground of Ashton Athletic Football Club.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the first half of the 19th<\/sup> century, when cottages were built which were recorded on the first edition of the Ordnance Survey maps.\u00a0 The meaning would seem to be \u2018pastures beside a brook\u2019, perhaps referring to Down Brook or one of its tributaries flowing from the north.\u00a0 The name is derived from Old English br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em> (\u2018brook, stream\u2019) + stede<\/em> (\u2018pasture, farmstead\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROMLEY CROSS<\/strong> in a village in Bradshaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 This is an eponym, the name coming from the Bromley <\/em>or Bromiley<\/em> family, who were landowners in the area since the 16th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The village developed in the 19th<\/sup> century but the name is older as the cross which is included in the name has long since disappeared.\u00a0 The family name would have originated from another Bromley<\/em>, meaning \u2018wood or clearing where broom wood grows\u2019 from the Old English br\u014dm <\/em>+ l\u0113ah.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROOK BOTTOM <\/strong>or BROOKBOTTOM <\/strong>is a residential area to the west of Mossley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, sometimes known as Top Mossley.\u00a0 The name clearly means \u2018the settlement in the bottom of a valley of a brook\u2019 and is recorded in 1755.\u00a0 Today the brook, a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong>, is partially culverted but it is of historical importance as it formerly marked the boundary between Lancashire<\/strong> and Yorkshire<\/strong>, and for this reason it is (or was) sometimes referred to as the County Brook<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROOK BOTTOM BROOK <\/strong>is a stream which rises as New Gate Brook on the West Pennine<\/strong> Moors in Lancashire <\/strong>and becomes Brook Bottom Brook as it flows west into the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> in Greater Manchester<\/strong>. It then continues west to join Dearden Brook and meet the River Irwell<\/strong> in Chatterton in Lancashire.\u00a0 The somewhat odd name may be derived from a settlement in the bottom<\/em> of the valley of an originally-unnamed brook<\/em>, which was later named Brook Bottom Brook by cartographers.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROOKDALE PARK<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0There are several places in Greater Manchester <\/strong>called Brookdale<\/em>, all meaning \u2018stream valley\u2019 from Old English br<\/em>\u014dc <\/em>(\u2018brook, stream\u2019) + d<\/em>\u00e6l <\/em>(\u2018valley, hollow\u2019).\u00a0 Brookdale Park in Newton Heath<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong> was originally developed as a personal estate beside the River Medlock<\/strong> by John Taylor JP in the mid-19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The estate was purchased by Manchester Corporation in 1900 and converted into an 18-hectare public park, opened in 1904.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROOK GREEN<\/strong> is a residential area of Gorton<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name seems to have originated in the 16th<\/sup> century when marshland beside Gore Brook<\/strong> was converted into a green<\/em>, i.e. a farm or small estate.\u00a0 During the 19th<\/sup> century the area became more industrial, particularly with the opening of two railway works in Gorton in 1848 and 1855.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROOKHEYS NATURE RESERVE <\/strong>is a 2.35-hectare woodland and area of special scientific interest north of Dunham Massey <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Brookheys Farm<\/strong>, which is recorded in the area in 1829.\u00a0 The name means \u2018enclosures by a brook\u2019, from the Old English br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em> (\u2018brook, stream\u2019) + hege<\/em> or h<\/em>\u00e6g<\/em>, meaning \u2018enclosure, hedge or hay\u2019, probably referring to Sinderland<\/strong> Brook.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROOKLANDS<\/strong> is an area of Sale <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>, approximately 9 kilometres south-west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 Brooklands is an eponym, named after Samuel Brooks <\/em>(1793-1864), who purchased land in the area in 1856.\u00a0 The name was unofficial at first but was standardised when the Manchester South Junction & Altrincham Railway opened a station named Brooklands on 1 December 1859.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROOKSBOTTOMS <\/strong>is a residential location in Summerseat<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It lies on the north bank of the River Irwell<\/strong> at the point where the Irwell flows out of Gollinrod<\/strong> Gorge and where, a little downstream, Holcombe Brook<\/strong> meets the Irwell.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1773 in reference to Brooksbottoms <\/em>Mill, but is almost certainly much older, and on some 19th<\/sup>-century maps it is spelled Brox Bottom<\/em>.\u00a0 It means \u2018the valley or bottom<\/em> of one or more brooks<\/em>\u2019, referring to the Irwell and\/or Holcombe Brook.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROOMWOOD <\/strong>is a residential area south of Timperley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> built by Altrincham<\/strong> Borough Council in the early 1950s.\u00a0 I can find no record of the name in this area prior to 1949 and it appears to be \u201cmock Anglo-Saxon\u201d \u2013 created from the Old English br<\/em>\u014dm<\/em> (\u2018broomwood) + wudu <\/em>(\u2018wood\u2019) \u2013 to suggest that it was an ancient wooded settlement.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROUGHTON <\/strong>is a suburb of the City of Salford <\/strong>on the east bank of the River Irwell<\/strong>, approximately 1.5 kilometres north-west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 There are several places called Broughton<\/strong> in Britain and the origins of the name may be different and hard to distinguish.\u00a0 The name is first recorded at this location in 1177 as Burton<\/em>, but the spelling Brughton<\/em> was in use by the 16th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It is usually said to mean \u2018fortified village\u2019 from Old English burh <\/em>(\u2018fortified place, stronghold\u2019) + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018village, estate\u2019).\u00a0 There are several places called Broughton in England, including at least four in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 All of these are usually said to mean \u2018the settlement (t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>) by a stream (br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em>)\u2019, but this derivation is thought not to apply to Broughton in Salford.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROWNHOUSE WHAM RESERVOIR <\/strong>was built in the 1860s to supply water to Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes it name from a house, probably a farmhouse, called Brownhouse<\/em> in the area before it was built.\u00a0 Brownhouse is said to mean \u2018house on a round hill\u2019, from the Celtic bron<\/em>.\u00a0 Wham<\/em> is a small valley, especially a boggy hollow, from the Old Norse hwam<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROWNLEY GREEN <\/strong>is an area of Wythenshawe <\/strong>in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1260 as Brumleg<\/em>, meaning \u2018wood or clearing where broom wood grows\u2019 from the Old English br\u014dm <\/em>+ l\u0113ah.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROWNLOW <\/strong>is a rural, wooded area of the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, south-west of Wigan itself.\u00a0 There are several places called Brownlow in north-west England, none of them well documented.\u00a0 A school was built in Brownlow in Wigan in 1672 but the area was probably named long before that date.\u00a0 It means \u2018brown hill\u2019 from the Old English br<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> + hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em> (\u2018hill, mound\u2019).\u00a0 Brownlow is close to Billinge<\/strong> Hill, which is 179 metres high.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROWNLOW FOLD <\/strong>is a residential area of the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, north-west of Bolton town centre.\u00a0 The name dates from the early 17th <\/sup>century when the land was owned by the Brownlow <\/em>family, the same family that owned Hall i\u2019 th\u2019 Wood.<\/strong> Fold<\/em> refers to a small group of cottages and farm buildings.\u00a0 In the 19th<\/sup> century the name became applied to a broader area as the neighbourhood expanded around a colliery and brickworks.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRUN BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises east of Harrop Ridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows south-west through Brun Clough to join Diggle<\/strong> Brook, which then flows south to meet the Tame.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1724 and is thought to derive from either Old Norse br<\/em>\u00fan<\/em>, meaning \u2018moor\u2019, or bruni<\/em>, \u2018a place cleared by burning\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRUNSWICK<\/strong> is a district in the City of Manchester<\/strong>, south of the city centre.\u00a0 It takes its name from Brunswick Street<\/em> (now Brunswick Park), which lies a little to the north and was laid out in the 1880s with the expansion of the campus of the University of Manchester.\u00a0 Brunswick is the anglicised version of the city of Braunschweig<\/em> (\u2018Bruno\u2019s settlement\u2019) in northern Germany.\u00a0\u00a0 German influence in the city and the university was very strong at this time and the first use of this name was Brunswick Mill in Ancoats<\/strong>, which was completed in 1840.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRUNTWOOD PARK<\/strong> is a 40-hectare public park in Cheadle<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name dates from 1860, when John Douglas, a Bradford wool merchant, purchased land in the area and laid out an estate and hall which he named Bruntwood, apparently celebrating his wife\u2019s Scottish home in Bruntwood <\/em>in Ayrshire.\u00a0 The local authority purchased the estate in 1944, using the hall as Cheadle and Gatley town hall and opening the grounds to the public as Bruntwood Park.\u00a0 The original name is thought to mean \u2018burnt wood\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRUSHES <\/strong>is a residential area to the east of Stalybridge <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> with housing estates developed between 1929 and 1939.\u00a0 It also gives its name to Brushes Reservoir, one of four built locally in the 19th<\/sup> century, which was fed by Brushes Brook (formerly Leornardin Brook).\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1770 as Bruches<\/em>, meaning \u2018lands newly-cleared for cultivation\u2019, from the Old English bryce<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRYAN HEY RESERVOIR <\/strong>is a small reservoir north of Smithhills<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in about 1921 for the local population and textile mills but is now a fishing spot.\u00a0 It takes its name from the nearby Bryan Hey Farm<\/em>, which is recorded in the late 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name seems to be a forename eponym:\u00a0 \u2018the enclosed or hedged enclosure (Old English h<\/em>\u00e6g<\/em>) belonging to someone called Bryan<\/em>\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRYN<\/strong> is a suburb of Ashton-in-Makerfield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1212 as Burnal<\/em>, meaning \u2018scorched land\u2019, perhaps land cleared by burning the surrounding forest, from the Old English bryne<\/em> (\u2018burning, fire\u2019).\u00a0 Other sources suggest the name may be Celtic or Welsh in origin from bryn<\/em> meaning \u2018hill\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRYN GATES<\/strong> is a village and airfield north-east of Ashton-in-Makerfield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but Bryn Gates sits on the Bolton Road and it has been suggested that the name refers to turnpike gates on the road between Bolton<\/strong> and Bryn<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRYN MARSH AND INCE MOSS <\/strong>is a 20.5-hectare water and wetland area of special scientific interest 3 kilometres south-east of Wigan <\/strong>that forms one of the seven sites of Wigan Flashes Nature Reserve<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area was formed at the turn of the 20th<\/sup> century by subsidence caused by coal mining companies such as Bryn<\/em><\/strong> Hall and Ince<\/em><\/strong> Moss collieries.\u00a0 Mining came to an end in the 1960s and the area was set aside for conservation in 1989, becoming part of the Wigan Flashes Nature Reserve in 2022.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BUCKLEY\u00a0<\/strong>is a suburb on the north-eastern edge of Rochdale<\/strong> beside Buckley Brook, a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1246 as Bukele<\/em> and is usually said to mean \u2018the clearing or meadow of the bucks\u2019, from Old English bucca<\/em> (\u2018he-goat\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018clearing, meadow\u2019).\u00a0 However, it has also been suggested that the name could be taken from Buckley<\/em> family, who were resident in the area in the Norman period.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BUCKLEY WELLS <\/strong>is a suburb on the south-western edge of Bury<\/strong>, east of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears on the tithe map of 1837 and again in 1856, when the East Lancashire Railway built a locomotive works there.\u00a0 The name is probably an eponym, meaning \u2018the place where there are wells or springs on land belonging to someone called Buckley<\/em>\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BUCKLEY WOOD <\/strong>is a location north of Chadderton<\/strong> and the River Irk<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name first appears on the Ordnance Survey maps of the 1880s and probably refers to a wooded<\/em> area belonging to the Buckley <\/em>family, whose name appears as landowners on 19th<\/sup>-century tithe maps.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BUCKLOW<\/strong> is a residential area that was split in 1974 between Cheshire<\/strong> and the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> in Greater Manchester<\/strong>. \u00a0Bucklow was one of the 12 ancient hundreds of Cheshire and is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Bochelau Hd <\/em>with a value of 18 hides, 6 virgates and 7 bovates.\u00a0 The settlement of Bucklow is recorded in 1240 as Boclou <\/em>and various suggestions have been made for its origin: \u2018beech hill\u2019 from Old English bece<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018beech-tree\u2019) + hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em> (\u2018mound\u2019); \u2018buck\u2019s hill\u2019 from bucca<\/em> (\u2018he-goat\u2019) + hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em>; or \u2018Bucca\u2019s hill\u2019 from an Anglo-Saxon personal name + hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BUCKTON CASTLE <\/strong>was a Norman castle north-east of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside <\/strong>atop Buckton Hill, overlooking Buckton Moor and the Tame<\/strong> valley.\u00a0 It was probably built and then demolished in the 12th<\/sup> century, and nothing is visible today but the thick sandstone foundations have been excavated.\u00a0 The name means \u2018buck valley\u2019 from Old English bucca<\/em> (\u2018buck\u2019) + denu<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BUERSILL <\/strong>is a residential area in eastern Castleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1228 as Brideshull<\/em>, meaning \u2018Bridd\u2019s<\/em> hill\u2019, from an Anglo-Saxon personal name + hyll<\/em>, referring to its position at the foot of a hill.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BUILE HILL PARK <\/strong>is a 35-hectare public park in Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The present park combines several earlier parks and estates:\u00a0 Seedley <\/strong>Park (opened in 1876), Buile Hill Mansion (opened in 1903), Springfield Villa (1927) and Hart Hill House (opened in 1938).\u00a0 The park includes Buile Hill House, originally built in 1827 as the home of Sir Thomas Potter, the first Lord Mayor of Manchester<\/strong> and co-founder of the Manchester Guardian<\/em>, and now awaiting restoration.\u00a0 The name Buile Hill is not well documented before 1598, but it is likely that it is an eponym.\u00a0 The family name of Buile<\/em> means \u2018dweller among the birch trees\u2019 and originated in France, but no one with this family name has been traced in the Salford area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BULL HEY <\/strong>is a residential and recreational area of Wigan<\/strong> north of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is little-documented before a mention of Bull Hey Cottages<\/em> before 1870 and so the origin and meaning are uncertain.\u00a0 One possibility is that the name is taken directly from the Old English bula<\/em> (\u2018bull\u2019) + h<\/em>\u00e6g <\/em>(\u2018enclosure\u2019), meaning \u2018an enclosure for bulls\u2019 or \u2018an enclosure owned by someone keeping bulls\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BULLOCK SMITHY<\/strong> was the original name for what is now Hazel Grove<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 In 1560 a certain Richard Bullock<\/em> leased some land from a Richard Torkington to establish a smithy, and the area became known as Bullock\u2019s Smithy<\/em>.\u00a0 The village acquired a bad reputation, known for gambling, cock-fighting and dog and bull baiting, so that John Wesley described it as \u2018One of the most famous villages in the country for all manner of wickedness’.\u00a0 In 1835 the villagers decided to change the name to the more aspirational Hazel Grove<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BUNKER HILL, Rochdale <\/strong>and BUNKERS HILL, Stockport\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>There are hills across England named Bunker Hill, Bunkers Hill or Bunker\u2019s Hill, all believed to commemorate the costly British victory at the Battle of Bunker Hill<\/em> in 1775 during the American War of Independence.\u00a0 Bunker Hill in Massachusetts is named after George Bunker<\/em>, a settler from Bedfordshire who was given the land in 1634.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BURNAGE<\/strong> is a suburb of the City of Mancheste<\/strong>r roughly 6.5 kilometres south of the city centre.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1322 as Bronage<\/em> and Brownegg<\/em>, thought to mean \u2018brown (Old English br<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>) hedges (hegge<\/em>)\u2019, although these may in fact have been brown stone walls.\u00a0 It remained a rural village throughout the 19th<\/sup> century and in 1894 George Bernard Shaw described Burnage as the prettiest village in Manchester.\u00a0 There was some industrialisation in the early 20th<\/sup> century and the opening of Burnage station by the London & North Western Railway in 1910 led to suburban development.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BURNDEN<\/strong> is a suburb of Bolton <\/strong>about 2 kilometres south-east of the town centre.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1285 as Bornden<\/em>, meaning \u2018the valley where the stream flows\u2019 from the Old English burna<\/em>– (\u2018brook\u2019) + -denu<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019).\u00a0 The stream is Burnden Brook, a tributary of the River Croal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The Bolton Wanderers\u2019 football stadium was built in Burnden in 1894 but was moved to the Toughsheet<\/strong> Stadium in 1997.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BURNEDGE<\/strong> is a residential area south-east of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Brynege<\/em> in 1609 and means \u2018burnt edge\u2019, from Old English brende<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a burnt place, a place destroyed or cleared by burning\u2019) + ecg<\/em> (\u2018edge; the edge of a hill, an escarpment\u2019), referring to its position above Sudden<\/strong> Brook.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BURNLEY BROW <\/strong>is a residential area of Oldham<\/strong>, north of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is not well documented and it is not clear why it is called Burnley.\u00a0 It is close to Burnley Lane<\/em>, but this does not lead to Burnley in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Of course, many roads are given names of places that have little relationship to the place after which they are named:\u00a0 \u201cYou must understand that an English town is a vast conspiracy to mislead foreigners\u201d (George Mikes).\u00a0 Burnley means \u2018clearing beside the River Brun\u2019, from Old English Brun<\/em> (probably from br<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> meaning \u2018brown\u2019) + l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BURRS COUNTRY PARK<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0 <\/strong>is a 36-hectare public park on the River Irwell<\/strong> north of Bury<\/strong> town centre.\u00a0 Textile mills were built at Burrs from 1792 and the last was demolished in 1982.\u00a0 In 1986 the area was purchased by the Metropolitan Borough of Bury and converted into a country park.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but comes from the Old English burh<\/em>\u00a0meaning \u2018a fortified place\u2019, referring to a late Iron Age fort dating from the 5th<\/sup> century BC that was occupied by the Romans and, later, the Anglo-Saxons, who gave it its present name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BURTON ROAD<\/strong> is a Metrolink tram stop in West Didsbury<\/strong> in south Manchester<\/strong> opened on 23 May 2013 and named after the Victorian street it is located on, which probably took its name from the earlier Burton<\/em> Farm.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BURY <\/strong>is a town, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>, on a finger of land between the rivers Irwell<\/strong> and Roch<\/strong> about 14.5 kilometres north-north-west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 It became a metropolitan borough with the creation of Greater Manchester<\/strong> in 1974.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1194 as Biri<\/em> and with its modern spelling in about 1190.\u00a0 It means \u2018at the fort\u2019, from the Old English burg<\/em>, although it is not known which fortification is referred to.\u00a0 Bury gives its name to Bury in Quebec, Canada.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BUSK<\/strong> is a residential area in Chadderton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the construction of the Busk cotton mill in 1847, but would seem be much older.\u00a0 It may possibly derive from the Old Norse buskr<\/em> or the Old English busc<\/em>, both meaning \u2018a bush, a shrub\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BUTLER GREEN <\/strong>is a residential area of Chadderton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, also known as Washbrook<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1863, when the Butler Green<\/em> Cotton Mill was erected by the Butler Green Cotton Spinning Company of Chadderton, suggesting that the village took its name from that of the company.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BUTTERHOUSE GREEN <\/strong>was a hamlet on the border between Bredbury<\/strong> and Woodley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is thought to date from 1348, when it is recorded as Buterales<\/em>, meaning \u2018butter nook\u2019, from Old English butere<\/em> + halh<\/em>.\u00a0 A map of 1710 shows five coal pits in the area called The Great Buteras and the modern name was in use by the end of the 18th<\/sup> century when the Butterhouse Green Tunnel was completed on the Peak Forest Canal.\u00a0 The name does not appear on modern maps.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BUTTERWORTH<\/strong> HALL<\/strong> is a suburb in south-eastern Rochdale<\/strong> that was originally a hamlet east of Milnrow.<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0Butterworth Hall was built in the reign of King Stephen (1135-54) and is recorded in 1235 as Buterworth<\/em>, meaning \u2018butter or dairy farm\u2019, from Old English butere<\/em> (\u2018butter\u2019) + worth<\/em> (\u2018homestead, enclosure\u2019).\u00a0 However, it is recorded as Buckworth<\/em> (Old English bucc<\/em>, meaning \u2018buck, stag\u2019) in the early 14th<\/sup> century and the Butterworth family prefer to derive the name from Old English butta<\/em> (\u2018mound, hill\u2019).\u00a0 The hamlet gave its name to Butterworth Hall Brook, a 2-kilometre stream which flows into the River Beal<\/strong> in Milnrow.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The BUTTS <\/strong>today is a commercial area in the centre of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is not well documented but in the 19th<\/sup> century it was an area on the north bank of the River Roch<\/strong> beside a ford across the river.\u00a0 It is believed to date from mediaeval times, when it was an area set aside for archery practice.\u00a0 The name comes from the middle English butt<\/em>, which was derived from the Anglo-French bouter<\/em>, meaning \u2018expel\u2019.\u00a0 The term originally meant the archery target itself but the meaning was extended to include an area used for archery, especially after a law of 1252 required every adult male to possess and become proficient in the use of a longbow.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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C<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CADISHEAD<\/strong> is a village in the City of Salford<\/strong> on the north bank of the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> near the confluence of the Glazebrook<\/strong> and Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1212 as Cadewalesate<\/em>.\u00a0 There have been various suggestions as to the origin and meaning of the name, the most common being that it means \u2018settlement or pasture (Old English –set<\/em>) by the stream (-waella<\/em>-) of someone called Cada\u2019<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CADSHAW BROOK, <\/strong>with Cadshaw Brook waterfall, is a stream running off Turton Moors and flowing into Turton<\/strong> and Entwistle Reservoir, and then into Wayoh Reservoir.\u00a0 It then becomes Bradshaw Brook<\/strong> and flows into the River Tonge<\/strong> in Leverhulme Park<\/strong> near Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 \u00a0Cadshaw Brook takes its name from the village of Cadshaw in Lancashire.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1200 as Cadeshoubroc<\/em> and evolved into Cadshawe <\/em>by 1617 \u2013 an eponym meaning \u2018Cada\u2019s copse\u2019, from an Anglo-Saxon personal name + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018small wood, copse\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CALAMANCO <\/strong>was an industrial area of Flixton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> that seems to have disappeared from the maps.\u00a0 The name originates from the water-powered Calamanco <\/em>logging mill, which seems to have been built beside the River Irwell<\/strong> in the late 17th<\/sup> or early 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The mill also produced a dye used in the production of calamanco<\/em>, a woollen fabric that was produced from the late 16th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The Mersey & Irwell<\/strong> Navigation<\/strong> built a lock at Calamanco in about 1721 and this remained in use until the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> was completed in 1893.\u00a0 The origin of the word calamanco is obscure:\u00a0 it first appears in English in 1598 and may come from the Spanish calamaco<\/em>, meaning \u2018worsted wool\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CALDER BANK <\/strong>or CALDERBANK<\/strong> is a residential and recreational area of Urmston<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Calderbank<\/em> Farm, which was established in about 1717 and thought to take its name from its position on the banks<\/em> of the Calder<\/em>, a reference to the nearby River Irwell<\/strong> derived from the Celtic caled<\/em>, meaning \u2018rapid stream\u2019.\u00a0 Part of the farm was developed into a housing estate in 1953.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CALDERBROOK<\/strong> is a village on the River Roch<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name of the village is first recorded in 1843 but it is found much earlier as the name of two rivers in Lancashire<\/strong>, and it has even been suggested that it is an older Celtic name for the River Roch.\u00a0 The origin is Celtic caled<\/em>, meaning \u2018rapid stream\u2019 + the later Old English –br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em>, meaning \u2018brook, stream\u2019.\u00a0 There are several examples of reduplication in the names in Greater Manchester<\/strong>, where a tautologous Old English element is added to an earlier Welsh or Celtic name, perhaps as an explanation for the original but forgotten meaning.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CALDERMOOR<\/strong> is a residential area in Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but the original hamlet of Caldermoor is known to have grown up in the 18th<\/sup> century around the Caldermoor <\/em>inn, which was built in 1755.\u00a0 Caldermoor is in the valley of the River Roch <\/strong>and takes its name from the Celtic caled<\/em>, meaning \u2018rapid stream\u2019, which is thought to be the ancient name for the Roch.\u00a0 The addition of moor<\/em> refers to its position on the edge of the moors<\/em> north-east of Greater Manchester<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CALDERSHAW<\/strong> is a residential area on the north-western edge of Rochdale<\/strong> on the River Spodden <\/strong>before its confluence with the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but would seem to mean \u2018copse in the valley\u2019 referring to its position on Caldershaw Brook, which rises south of Caldershaw and flows north-east to empty into the Spodden north-west of the town centre.\u00a0 The Spodden is a tributary of the Roch, which is believed to have been called the Calder<\/em>, from the Celtic caled<\/em>, meaning \u2018rapid stream\u2019.\u00a0 Shaw<\/em> comes from the Old English sceaga<\/em>,\u00a0meaning \u2018a small wood\u2019.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

CALDWELL BROOK<\/strong> is a stream that rises west of Broadheath<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> and flows northward to join Sinderland<\/strong> Brook just below Covershaw Bridge<\/strong> to form Red Brook<\/strong>, which then drains into the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is shown on the Ordnance Survey map of 1842 and means \u2019cold stream\u2019, from Old English cald<\/em> (\u2018cold\u2019) + wella<\/em> (\u2018stream, spring\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CALE GREEN<\/strong> is a residential area in the south Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 At the beginning of the 19th<\/sup> century the area was occupied by Cale Green Farm, although little is known about the owner, John Cale<\/em>.\u00a0 There appears to have been some industrial development as it is known that William Carrington & Co., hat manufacturers, were operating in the area by 1800.\u00a0 The farm was purchased in 1883 and this, combined with the opening of the nearby station at Davenport<\/strong> in 1858, appears to have led to more urban development.\u00a0 Lacrosse and cricket grounds were created in the 1880s and Cale Green Park was opened to the public in 1894 (or 1902 \u2013 sources differ) as the second public park in Stockport.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CALICO BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Douglas<\/strong> that rises in Shevington<\/strong> Vale in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and flows westward to join the Douglas in Appley Bridge in Lancashire.\u00a0 \u00a0The origin of the name is uncertain.\u00a0 One suggestion is that it was called Quitebrok (meaning \u2018White Brook\u2019) in the 14th<\/sup> century but this was changed to Calico Brook, perhaps in the 18th<\/sup> century, with the development of the local calico<\/em> weaving cottage industry, which is also reflected in other places nearby \u2013 Calico Woods, Calico Farm and Calico Cottage.\u00a0 Calico<\/em> is first recorded in English in 1540 and is derived from the city of Kozhikode<\/em> on the west coast of India, an eponymous Tamil name meaning \u2018the Fort of Kalliai\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CAMPFIELD<\/strong> is a former name for Castlefield<\/strong>, along Liverpool Road<\/strong> in the St John\u2019s<\/strong> area of the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is said that it was originally a field<\/em> used as a camp<\/em> for Roman troops and it was used as such during the Civil War and during the Jacobite incursion into England in 1745-1746.\u00a0 At the start of the 19th<\/sup> century, it was used for open-air fairs and markets but two covered market halls were built in the 1870s.\u00a0 The Lower Campfield Market Hall was converted into the Manchester Air and Space Museum in the 1980s, but this was closed in 2021 and both halls have now been repurposed as an innovation centre.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CAPPER BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises south-west of Pobgreen<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows north-west to meet Royle Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 The two then become Pickhill Brook<\/strong>, which flows west to empty into the Tame in Uppermill<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name and derivation are not well documented, but one possibility is that it is named after a local family called Capper<\/em>, who may originally have been capmakers<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CAPTAIN FOLD <\/strong>or CAPTAIN\u2019S FOLD<\/strong> is an urban district of Hopwood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but seems to be from the Captain Fold Colliery<\/em>, which was owned by the Heywood Coal Company and operated between 1842 and 1854.\u00a0 The premises had been acquired by the Atkinson rope manufacturers by 1880.\u00a0 It is unlikely that it refers to a naval or military man with the personal name of Fold<\/em>.\u00a0 It is more likely that \u2018fold\u2019 refers to part of a farm or a small community.\u00a0 Local records suggest that Captain Fold was once called Captain Hardman\u2019s Fold, but it is not known who Captain Hardman was.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CARR <\/strong>is an area north of Diggle<\/strong> and Harrop Green<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1736 and is probably derived from the Old Norse kjarr<\/em>, meaning \u2018boggy area covered with dense undergrowth\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CARR BANK <\/strong>is a residential area of Walmersley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> west of Pigs Lee Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears on the Ordnance Survey map of 1891-93 and probably means \u2018a slope (Old Norse\/Old English banke<\/em>) beside or above a marsh (kjarr<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CARR BROOK <\/strong>and CARR WOOD, Bramhall.<\/strong>\u00a0 Carr Brook is a short stream that rises in Bramhall <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It flows north-east through Carr Wood and joins Lady Brook<\/strong> in Bramhall Park<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1842 and is usually said to derive from the Old Norse kjarr<\/em> or Middle English ker<\/em>,\u00a0meaning \u2018marsh overgrown with brushwood\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CARRBROOK<\/strong> is a village east of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The development of Carrbrook as a village began with the building of Carr Mill in 1799, both mill and village taking their names from Carr Brook<\/em> (a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong>) beside which they sit.\u00a0 The name is likely to have come from the Old English carr<\/em>, meaning \u2018rock\u2019, hence \u2018the rocky stream\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CARRINGTON<\/strong> is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1154 as Carrintona<\/em> but it is found with its modern spelling from the early 13th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The derivation is uncertain.\u00a0 It is usually said to mean \u2018the estate of someone called Cara<\/em>\u2019, from the Old English personal name + -inga-<\/em> (\u2018belonging to\u2019) + –t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018estate\u2019) but other suggestions are that the name may come from the Old English caring<\/em>, meaning \u2018tending, caring\u2019, c<\/em>\u01e3ring<\/em>, meaning \u2018river bend\u2019, or carr<\/em>, \u2018rocky place\u2019.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

CARVER THEATRE <\/strong>is a small theatre in Marple <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was founded in 1906 as the Marple Drama Society and later moved to the Carver Institute, a community centre built by Thomas Carver <\/em>(1831-1903), a local mill owner and benefactor.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CASTLEFIELD<\/strong>\u00a0is an inner-city\u00a0urban-heritage site in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 It was the site of the Roman fort of Mancunium<\/strong> from about AD 79 but acquired its English name of Castle-in-the-field<\/em> by the Middle Ages.\u00a0 It developed into the industrial area of Castlefield when it became the terminus for the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong> in 1764 and the Liverpool Road<\/strong> terminus of the Liverpool & Manchester Railway in 1830.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CASTLE HALL <\/strong>is residential area east of Dukinfield<\/strong> and close to Cheetham Park<\/strong> and the River Tame<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Castle Hall<\/em>, an Elizabethan-style \u2018castellated<\/em> mansion\u2019 built by Sir William Dukinfield-Daniel (1725-1758).\u00a0 The hall was demolished in 1861 and the area became more urbanised as agricultural workers and immigrants sought work in the area\u2019s textile mills.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CASTLE HILL, Bolton<\/strong> is in south Bradshaw<\/strong> overlooking Bradshaw Brook<\/strong>, north-east of Bolton town centre.\u00a0 Despite its name, there is not and probably never has been a castle<\/em> on the site, and neither is it possible to see any castle from the top \u2013 Bolton Castle in about 130 kilometres to the north-north-east in Yorkshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The origin of the name is usually said to be a mystery, but we might note that the official seal of Bolton, dating from 1799, and the coat of arms of 1890 both included an elephant with a castle on its back.\u00a0 This is said to commemorate a mediaeval link with the Diocese of Mercia<\/strong>, which had its seat in Coventry.\u00a0 The coat of arms of Coventry, granted in 1345, similarly includes an elephant and castle, the castle perhaps one originally built in 1137-43, but destroyed before the end of the 12th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CASTLE HILL, Bowdon\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> WATCH HILL CASTLE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CASTLE HILL, Stockport <\/strong>is the site east of the town centre of Stockport<\/strong> Castle.\u00a0 It is believed it was built between 1135 and 1154, and is recorded as Castellum de Stokeporta<\/em> in 1173 and as Castelhull<\/em> in 1355.\u00a0 It was in ruins by 1535 and demolished in 1775.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CASTLESHAW <\/strong>or CASTLE SHAW <\/strong>is a small village in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> which was formerly in the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded as Castlyshaw<\/em> in 1544 and with its modern spelling in 1581.\u00a0 The name means \u2018the fort or castle near a copse\u2019 from the Old English castel<\/em> + sceaga<\/em>.\u00a0 The fort refers to a Roman fortress built in about AD 79 AD the Roman road from Chester and Manchester<\/strong> to York.\u00a0 The village lends its name to Castleshaw Upper and Lower Reservoirs, which were built in 1887-91 to supply water to Oldham.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CASTLE SHORE BROOK, CASTLE SHORE CLOUGH <\/strong>and CASTLE SHORE HILL <\/strong>are all features in the north-east of the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and are believed to have originated as misspellings of Castle Shaw<\/strong>, the Roman camp and settlement which lies some way to the south-east.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CASTLETON<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> on the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1246 as Castelton<\/em>, literally meaning \u2018settlement by a castle\u2019.\u00a0 This is believed to refer to a Saxon castle beside the River Roch.\u00a0 The settlement was originally Blue Pits Village<\/strong> and the name \u2018Castleton\u2019 was not adopted until 1875, when it became an urban district council.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CATLEY LANE<\/strong> HEAD<\/strong> is a village in Spotland<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, north-west of Rochdale itself.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1418 as Catcloghgate<\/em>, apparently meaning \u2018wild-cat valley road\u2019, from Old English catt<\/em> + cl<\/em>\u014dh <\/em>(\u2018valley\u2019) + Old Norse gate<\/em> (\u2018street, road\u2019), referring to a mediaeval route between Rochdale and Whalley<\/strong> Abbey in Lancashire, also known as Rooley Moor<\/strong> Road. The name had been rationalised to Catley Lane by 1597.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

CENTRAL STATION\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> GMEX<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHADDERTON<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> about 10 kilometres north-east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1200 as Chaderton<\/em> and is said to mean \u2018farm by the hill called Cadeir\u2019.\u00a0 Cader<\/em> is a Celtic word meaning \u2018chair or hill\u2019, with the Old English -t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018farmstead, village\u2019).\u00a0 This may be a reference to the nearby hill Hanging Chadder<\/strong>, which is about 250 metres high.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHADKIRK<\/strong> is an area on the River Goyt<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport <\/strong>that also gives its name to a 24-hectare country park and nature reserve.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1306 as Chaddekirke<\/em> in reference to the current Chadkirk chapel.\u00a0 The name means \u2018St Chad\u2019s<\/strong> church\u2019, referring to the 7th<\/sup>-century Bishop of Lichfield in Mercia<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHADWICK<\/strong> is a village about 3 kilometres west of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in about 1180 as Chaddewyk<\/em>, meaning \u2018the w<\/em>\u012bc<\/em> (village) of Ceadda<\/em>, who is thought to be St Chad\u2019.\u00a0 Chad<\/em> was a 7th<\/sup>-century Anglo-Saxon monk and Bishop of Lichfield in Mercia<\/strong>, and it is claimed that the original church on this site was dedicated to St Chad in AD 673, the year after his death.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHAIN BAR <\/strong>is residential and recreational area in Moston<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>, north-east of the city centre.\u00a0 It is not well documented but the name is found elsewhere in England and suggests that it was once a chained<\/em> toll bar<\/em> on one of the turnpike roads between Manchester and Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 Turnpike trusts were established in the area in the 18th<\/sup> and early 19th<\/sup> centuries but were largely abolished in the late 19th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHAMBERHALL <\/strong>is an industrial estate in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>, north-west of the town centre, opened in 2020.\u00a0 The site takes its name from Chamber Hall<\/em>, a three-storey country house dating from 1611, where Sir Robert Peel<\/strong> was born in 1788.\u00a0 The house was demolished in 1909 or 1911 (sources differ) and an electricity power station was built on the site.\u00a0 The power station was closed down in 1969 and the site was later developed as a business park.\u00a0 \u2018Chamber Hall\u2019 is the name of several country houses across the region.\u00a0 The name is thought to mean either a house with a large chamber<\/em> which can be used for official functions, or a multi-storeyed building with bed-chambers<\/em> on the upper floors.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHANTERS BROOK<\/strong> is a tributary of Glaze Brook\/River Glaze<\/strong> which rises south of Atherton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and flows south-east to meet Hindsford<\/strong> Brook, which then flows west and ultimately joins Glaze Brook.\u00a0 The name comes from the chantry<\/em> (a small chapel where monks or priests would chant<\/em>), which was established in 1360.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHAPELFIELD NATURE RESERVE <\/strong>is a 5.5-hectare local nature reserve in Radcliffe<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The original chapel<\/em> is believed to be that of the Stand Lane Independent (later Congregational and now United Reform Church) chapel built in 1792 and the area had become known as Chapelfield by the end of the 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 In 1915, the Radcliffe Paper Mill was established in Chapelfield and after this was closed down in 1998 the site was converted into the nature reserve.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHAPELFIELDS <\/strong>is a residential area in east Hindley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name means literally \u2018chapel in the fields\u2019 and originated from Hindley Chapel<\/em>, a Presbyterian chapel built in 1641 on land donated by George Green.\u00a0 The chapel passed to the Anglican Church in 1698 and was replaced in 1766.\u00a0 In 1878 it became All Saints Church.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHARLESTOWN, Manchester <\/strong>is a residential area in Blackley<\/strong> about 8 kilometres north of the city centre close to Boggart Hole Clough<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1818-19 and is probably named after Charles<\/em> Booth, a member of a prominent landowning family.\u00a0 An earlier member of the family, Humphrey Booth, had built Booth Hall in Blackley in 1639-40.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHARLESTOWN, Salford<\/strong> is a residential area of the city close to the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented and is said to be a 19th<\/sup>-century name for an area that had various names.\u00a0 It is believed that it is named after someone called Charles<\/em>, but it is not known who this was.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

CHARLESTOWN, Stockport<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> WOODSMOOR <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHASSEN PARK <\/strong>is a small public park with a miniature railway in Flixton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is officially known as Abbotsfield Park<\/strong> but is also known as Chassen Park.\u00a0 It takes this name from the adjacent Chassen Road.\u00a0 The road was originally called Abbots Lane, from a local family, but was changed to Penny Lane in about 1846.\u00a0 In about 1865 it was changed to Chassen Road, apparently from a local family, although no details can be traced.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHAT MOSS<\/strong> is a very large peat bog extending over some 28 square kilometres across the City of Salford<\/strong> and the Metropolitan Boroughs of Wigan<\/strong> and Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded as catemosse<\/em> in 1277 and Daniel Defoe was astounded when he first saw it in about 1727:\u00a0 \u2018the great bog or waste call\u2019d Chatmos<\/em>\u2026. The nature of these mosses, for we found there are many of them in this country\u2026 is indeed frightful to think of.\u2019\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Moss<\/em> is an Old English word meaning \u2018a bog, a swamp\u2019 and is widely used across the region. \u00a0Chat<\/em> is usually explained as the Celtic ced,<\/em> meaning \u2018wood\u2019, and Defoe noted that \u2018under this moss, or rather in the very body of it, \u2026 those antient fir trees are found\u2019.\u00a0 Alternatively, the root could be Old English ceat<\/em>\u00a0meaning \u2018a piece of wet ground\u2019 and, again, Defoe\u2019s description might support such a derivation:\u00a0 \u2018The surface \u2026 will bear neither horse or man, unless in an exceeding dry season.\u2019\u00a0 Other explanations are that Chat<\/em> is a personal name, either Old English Ceatta<\/em> or even St Chad<\/em>, the 7th<\/sup>-century Bishop of Lichfield in Mercia<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEADLE <\/strong>is a suburb or \u2018village\u2019 in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> that was previously part of Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Cheadle is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Cedde<\/em>, where there is \u2018woodland 1 league long and half wide, and an enclosure and a hawk\u2019s eyrie\u2019.\u00a0 The nameis a hybrid that comes from the Celtic c\u0113d<\/em>, meaning \u2018wood\u2019.\u00a0 Chedele<\/em> is recorded from 1197, with the Old English l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018clearing\u2019) added to the Celtic element.\u00a0 This may describe the clearing in the forest or it may be an explanation of the older Celtic element.\u00a0 It has also been suggested that the name may have been derived from St Chad, the 7th<\/sup>-century Bishop of Lichfield in Mercia<\/strong>, but this suggestion is usually discounted.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

CHEADLE HEATH<\/strong> is a suburb of the Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, about 3 kilometres west of the town centre.\u00a0 Originally part of Cheadle<\/strong>, it seems to have developed a separate name by 1367, when it was recorded as Schedleheth<\/em>, from a distorted rendering of Cheadle<\/em> + Old English h<\/em>\u01e3th<\/em> (\u2018uncultivated land\u2019).\u00a0 The modern spelling is found from 1831.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEADLE HULME<\/strong> is a village suburb in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, formerly part of Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Cheadle Hulme was originally part of Cheadle<\/strong>, which is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1).\u00a0 In the early 14th<\/sup> century, Cheadle seems to have split into two:\u00a0 the northern part remained as Cheadle and the southern part became Cheadle Moseley or Cheadle Hulme.\u00a0 The separate name is recorded in 1345 as Chedle Hulm<\/em>, with the modern spelling found from 1669.\u00a0 Cheadle is a hybrid:\u00a0 it comes from the Celtic c\u0113d<\/em>, meaning \u2018wood\u2019, + Old English l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018clearing\u2019).\u00a0 Hulme<\/em> is Old Danish and is related to Old Norse holmr<\/em>, meaning \u2018raised ground in a marsh\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEADLE ROYAL <\/strong>is a locality west of Cheadle<\/strong> town centre in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Cheadle Royal<\/em> Hospital, which was originally founded as the Manchester Lunatic Hospital in what is now Piccadilly Gardens<\/strong> in 1766.\u00a0 It received royal<\/em> sponsorship from King William IV in 1830 as part of Manchester Royal Infirmary, but was moved to Cheadle in 1850 and renamed Cheadle Royal Hospital in 1902.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEADLE SQUARE<\/strong> is a small public space close to the town hall in central Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was laid out in 1947 and named in honour of Frank Cheadle<\/em> (1885-1940), who, as mayor of Bolton in 1928-1929, campaigned for the area to be set aside as a public space rather than being given over to industrial use.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEESDEN <\/strong>is a moorland hamlet in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Chesden<\/em> in 1543 and is taken from the valley of the nearby Cheesden Brook<\/em>, meaning \u2018gravel valley\u2019, from the Old English cis<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018gravel\u2019) + denu <\/em>(\u2018valley\u2019).\u00a0 Cheesden Brook meanders south to meet Naden Brook, <\/strong>which flows into the River Roch<\/strong> near Heywood<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEETHAM<\/strong> and CHEETHAM HILL <\/strong>are neighbouring residential and light-industrial areas in the City of Manchester<\/strong>, north of the city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the late 12th<\/sup> century as Chetham<\/em>, meaning \u2018village by the wood called Chet\u2019, from the Celtic c\u0113d<\/em> (\u2018wood\u2019) + Old English h<\/em>\u0101m<\/em> (\u2018village, homestead\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEETHAM PARK<\/strong> is a 12-hectare public park in Stalybridge <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The land was formerly the estate of John Frederick Cheetham <\/em>(1835-1916), a mill owner and Stalybridge MP, and a relative, a Mrs Wimbush.\u00a0 The two estates were donated to the town of Stalybridge in 1931 and opened as a public park named after J F Cheetham in 1932 and Eastwood Nature Reserve<\/strong>, opened in 1931.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEETWOOD <\/strong>is a locality in Cheetham<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>, north of the city centre, that was first recorded as Chetewood<\/em> in 1489.\u00a0 It shares part of its name with Cheetham but wudu<\/em> (\u2018wood\u2019) has been added to the Celtic c\u0113d-<\/em> or c\u0113to-,<\/em> meaning \u2018forest\u2019, by way of explanation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHELBURN RESERVOIRS\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>There are two reservoirs \u2013 Upper and Lower Chelburn \u2013 in Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The Upper Chelburn was built in 1799-1801 and the Lower Chelburn in 1816 by damming Chelburn Brook <\/em>to supply water for the Rochdale Canal but they were purchased in 1923 by Rochdale and Oldham Corporation to provide drinking water.\u00a0 The derivation of Chelburn is uncertain \u2013 it could mean \u2018cool stream\u2019 or \u2018gravelly stream\u2019, either from Old English col<\/em> (\u2018cool\u2019) or cisel<\/em> (\u2018gravel\u2019) + burna<\/em> (\u2018stream\u2019).\u00a0 Chelburn is one of the few streams in Greater Manchester<\/strong> originally formed from burna <\/em>rather than br\u014dc<\/em>, so that Chelburn Brook is tautologous.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEQUERBENT<\/strong> is a village east of Westhoughton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1782, when reference is made to a coal mine in Chequerbent.\u00a0 The village is probably far older as the name is usually said to mean \u2018Ceacca<\/em>\u2019s moorland grass\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + beonet <\/em>(\u2018bent grass\u2019), referring to the coarse moorland grass found in the vicinity.\u00a0 An alternative possibility is that the first element comes from Old English ceacce<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a lump, applied to a hill\u2019).\u00a0 The name of the village was standardised by the Bolton & Leigh Railway, which opened a station called Chequerbent for Hulton Park on 11 June 1831.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

CHERRY CLOUGH <\/strong>is a rural area north-west of Denshaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded from 1750 and means \u2018cherry valley\u2019, from Middle English chery<\/em> or chiri<\/em> + clough<\/em>.\u00a0 Cherry Brook flows through Cherry Clough, joining Lumb Hole Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the River Tame.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHERRY TREE <\/strong>is a residential area of Romiley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was one of the hamlets of Romiley that was shown on the 1831 Ordnance Survey map.\u00a0 It takes its name from Cherry Tree<\/em> Farm, which was probably developed in the 1840s and named after a prominent cherry tree rather than a cherry orchard.\u00a0 The land was acquired by compulsory purchase after World War II and a housing estate was built in the early 1950s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHESHAM<\/strong> is a residential area of the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1429 as Chesum<\/em>, meaning \u2018gravelly place\u2019, from the Old English cis<\/em> (\u2018gravel, heap of stones\u2019) + h<\/em>\u0101m<\/em> (\u2018village, homestead\u2019).\u00a0 Another possibility is that it derives from the Celtic c\u0113d<\/em>, meaning \u2018wood\u2019.\u00a0 See also<\/em> FREETOWN<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

CHESHIRE<\/strong> is the county to the south of Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle of 980 as Legeceasterscir<\/em>, meaning \u2018shire of the fort of the legions\u2019,\u00a0but by the time of the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) it had been reduced to Cestrescir <\/em>(\u2018Chester-shire\u2019).\u00a0 Chester itself is derived from the Latin castra<\/em>, meaning \u2018camp or fort\u2019.\u00a0 The border between the counties of Cheshire and Lancashire<\/strong> was the River Mersey<\/strong> but the creation of Greater Manchester<\/strong> in 1974 moved the boundary south and parts of north-east Cheshire were moved into Greater Manchester – Altrincham<\/strong>, Dukinfield, Hyde, Stalybridge <\/strong>and Stockport<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHETHAM\u2019S LIBRARY<\/strong> is a free public reference library in central Manchester.<\/strong>\u00a0 The library, as well as a school, were established in 1653 through the will of Humphrey Chetham<\/em> (1580-1653), making it the oldest public reference library in the English-speaking world.\u00a0 In 1698 Celia Fiennes described it as \u2018a large Library 2 long walls full of books on each side; there is also the globes at the end and maps\u2019.\u00a0 Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx worked together in the library in 1845 and published \u2018The Communist Manifesto\u2019 in 1848.\u00a0 The desk they worked at is exhibited in the library.\u00a0 The school became Chetham\u2019s School of Music in 1969.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

CHEW BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1325 as Choo<\/strong>, meaning \u2018valley\u2019, from \u2018gap, fissure, cleft\u2019 and hence \u2018valley\u2019, from Old English c\u0113o<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019) + broc<\/em>\u2019.\u00a0 Chew Brook rises on the western slopes of Black Chew Head<\/strong> and then empties into Chew Reservoir, which was built in 1912, and joins the Tame in Greenfield.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEW MOOR<\/strong> is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong> that is first recorded as Chow More<\/em> in the 16th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name is said to derive either from the Old English c\u0113o<\/em>, meaning \u2018fissure\u2019 and hence \u2018valley\u2019, or the Chew<\/em> or Chow<\/em> family, who lived in the area in the 16th<\/sup> and 17th<\/sup> centuries, or perhaps the Cholle<\/em> family, who can be traced back to 1322.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u2018CHINA TOWN\u2019 <\/strong>is an area of central Manchester<\/strong> around Faulkner Street with many Chinese restaurants, shops and supermarkets.\u00a0 The term is widely used in cities across the world and dates back as far as 1606.\u00a0 Manchester\u2019s Chinatown<\/em> was a post-war development dating from the opening of the first Chinese restaurant, the Ping Hong, in 1948 and immigration mostly from Hong Kong in the 1950s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHORLTON-CUM-HARDY<\/strong> is a suburb of south Manchester<\/strong> that was originally two settlements (see separately for Hardy<\/strong>) \u2013 Chorlton in the north and Hardy in the south, separated by Chorlton Brook.\u00a0 Chorlton is recorded in 1258 as Cholreton<\/em>, but with the modern spelling in 1551.\u00a0 The name is an eponym \u2013 \u2018Ceolferth\u2019s farm or village\u2019 from the Anglo-Saxon personal name C<\/em>\u0113olferth<\/em> (modern Charlton).\u00a0 The combined name of Chorlton-cum-Hardy \u2013 literally Chorlton with Hardy \u2013 is first recorded in 1700 but seems to have become more widely used in about 1880, when property developers used the term to distinguish it from Chorlton-upon-Medlock<\/strong>; the opening of the Midland Railway\u2019s Chorlton-cum-Hardy station in that year standardised the name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHORLTON EES <\/strong>is a 58-hectare nature reserve on the south side of the River Mersey<\/strong> in the south of the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the nearby town of Chorlton<\/em> + Ees<\/em>, a local word for an area of dry woodland in a marshy area derived from the Old English \u0113g<\/em>, meaning \u2018island\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHORLTON FOLD <\/strong>is a suburban area of Eccles<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 Chorlton<\/strong> was a common name in northern Cheshire<\/strong> and south Lancashire<\/strong>, and it was necessary to distinguish various places with this name.\u00a0 Chorlton Fold is not well documented but would seem to come from the Old English ceorl<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a freeman of the lower class, a peasant\u2019) + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018enclosure, village\u2019) + fold<\/em> (\u2018small group of cottages and farm buildings\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHORLTON-UPON-MEDLOCK<\/strong> or CHORLTON-ON-MEDLOCK<\/strong> is an inner-city suburb of the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded as Cherleton <\/em>in 1177, meaning \u2018farmstead of the freemen or peasants\u2019, from the Old English ceorl<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a freeman of the lower class, a peasant\u2019) + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018enclosure, village\u2019).\u00a0 In mediaeval times until 1618, the village was known as Chorlton Row, i.e. Chorlton Road, as it was beside the Roman road from Manchester to Buxton.\u00a0 The modern name of Chorlton-upon-Medlock is recorded from 1843, indicating the area\u2019s position on the south bank of the River Medlock.\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHORLTONVILLE<\/strong> is a residential area within Chorlton-cum-Hardy<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built as a private venture in 1910-11, inspired by the garden city movement.\u00a0 The name is aspirational, combining Chorlton<\/em> with the French –ville<\/em>, which was used by some housing-estate developers in the late 19th<\/sup> and early 20th<\/sup> centuries, perhaps because of American influence.\u00a0 This is the only such example in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHOWBENT<\/strong> is an area of Atherton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> or an old, alternative name for Atherton which is still used locally.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in about 1350 as Chollebynt<\/em> and Shollebent<\/em>, and may be derived from an Old English personal name C\u0113ola<\/em> or ceole<\/em> meaning \u2018gorge\u2019 + bent<\/em>, \u2018crooked land\u2019, or beonet<\/em>, meaning \u2018coarse moorland grass\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CINDER HILL<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0There are many places called Cinder Hill across England, including at least two in Greater Manchester:\u00a0 Cinder Hill near Holcombe <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>, first recorded in 1688, and Cinder Hill in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, first recorded in 1722.\u00a0 \u00a0The name means \u2018hill where cinder or slag is spread or found\u2019, from the Old English sinder<\/em> + hyll<\/em>.\u00a0 As the names suggest, they are sites of mediaeval metal-working, probably iron.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLAMMERCLOUGH<\/strong> is an area in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong> that is especially known for Clammerclough (or Farnworth) tunnel, built by the Manchester & Bolton Railway in 1838.\u00a0 The area is not well documented before the construction of the tunnel but the name is possibly derived from Old English claeme<\/em> + cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>, meaning \u2018clayey or muddy ravine or valley\u2019.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The valley refers to that of the Rivers Croa<\/strong>l and Irwel<\/strong>l, which join in Clammerclough.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLARENCE PARK <\/strong>is a 20-hectare public park in Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in 1883 as Walmersley<\/strong> Road Recreation Ground but renamed Clarence Park in 1888 when it was officially opened by the Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII), who was also known as the Duke of Clarence<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLARKE\u2019S BRIDGE <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> KINGSTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLARINGTON BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Douglas<\/strong> that rises east of Whelley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and flows south-west to join the Douglas in Scholes<\/strong>.\u00a0 According to local sources, the name was originally Lorington Brook,<\/em> presumably meaning \u2018the settlement of Lora\u2019s<\/em> people\u2019, derived from an Anglo-Saxon personal name.\u00a0 By the 19th<\/sup> century, the name appears as Clarington Brook.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLARKSFIELD<\/strong> is a suburban district of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1821 and, as its name suggests, was an agricultural area.\u00a0 Presumably the name is an eponym, but it has not been possible to identify the Clark<\/em> for whom it is named.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLAYTON<\/strong> is a suburb of the City of Manchester<\/strong> in Droylsden<\/strong>, situated some 5 kilometres east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in about 1250 as Cleyton <\/em>but its modern spelling is recorded as early as 1439.\u00a0 There are two versions of the origin of the place name.\u00a0 It could be from Old English cl<\/em>\u01e3g<\/em> + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>, meaning \u2018homestead on clayey ground`.\u00a0 Another, perhaps more likely suggestion, is that it is named after the Clayton<\/em> family, who lived in this area and for whom the Clayton Hall was built in the 12th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 This was replaced in the 15th century by the present Clayton Hall, which is now a museum.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLEGG HALL <\/strong>is a rural area north of Milnrow<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1200 as Clegg<\/em>, probably from the Old Norse kleggi<\/em>, meaning \u2018haystack\u2019 and hence \u2018hill\u2019, probably in reference to the 175-metre high Owl Hill<\/strong>, at the foot of which Clegg stands.\u00a0 The original hall was built in the 13th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 A new hall was built in 1610-1618 and still stands as the centre of this sparsely-populated community.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The CLIFF<\/strong> is a residential and recreational area in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1817, when Cliff House<\/em> was erected on the heights above the River Irwell<\/strong>, giving the area its name.\u00a0 The area developed as a commuter suburb in the 19th<\/sup> century and was also home to Manchester <\/strong>race course.\u00a0 Today, areas of the Cliff have been turned over to sports fields and a country park adjoining Kersal<\/strong> Dale.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLIFTON<\/strong> is a suburb of Swinton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>, about 8 kilometres north-west of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded as Clifton <\/em>in 1184 and its name transparently means \u2018settlement near a cliff or hillside\u2019, from the Old English clif<\/em> + -t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>, which describes its position along the steeply-sloping bank of the River Irwell.<\/strong>\u00a0 Clifton gives its name to the 48-hectare Clifton Country Park, which now occupies the site of the Wet Earth Colliery<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLOSE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Douglas<\/strong> that rises south of Marsh Green<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and flows east to meet the Douglas in Laithwaite<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded on the Ordnance Survey maps of the late 1840s and probably means \u2018the brook running through or beside an enclose<\/em>d field\u2019, although it has not been possible to identify which field this could refer to.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLOSE PARK<\/strong> is an 11.2-hectare public park in Radcliffe<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The park is sited in the grounds of Close <\/em>House, the estate of the Bealey<\/strong> family, a local family of textile bleachers.\u00a0\u00a0 The estate was donated to the people of Radcliffe in 1925 and the grounds converted into a public park.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLOUGH, Littleborough<\/strong> is a rural area north-west of Littleborough <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is one of many across Greater Manchester derived from the Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>, meaning \u2018ravine, deep valley\u2019, referring to Long Clough Brook and Stony Brook, which meet in Clough<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLOUGH, Shaw <\/strong>is a rural area east of Shaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>. The name is not well documented but comes from the Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>, meaning \u2018ravine, deep valley\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLOVER HALL <\/strong>is a village north-west of Milnrow<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but seems to mean \u2018clover nook\u2019, from the Old English claefre<\/em> (\u2018clover\u2019) + <\/strong>halh\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018nook or corner of land\u2019), referring to the sharp meander in the River Beal<\/strong> to the east of Clover Hall.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLOWES PARK <\/strong>is a 10-hectare public park in Broughton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The Clowes<\/em> family acquired an extensive estate in Broughton in the 18th<\/sup> century and the park was laid out by George Clowes in 1866.\u00a0 He later donated the park to the City of Salford.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COAL BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises west of Delph<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>and flows roughly north for a short distance through Coal Clough to meet the Tame.\u00a0 The name is not well documented or dated but, as coal has been mined in the Delph area since the Middle Ages, it seems likely that it is literal, meaning \u2018the stream where coal seams or outcrops can be found\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COCKBROOK <\/strong>is a residential area of Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Cock Brook<\/em>, a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong>, which flows just south of Cockbrook.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>The name is not well documented before 1891, when Cockbrook Mill was opened, powered by water from Cock Brook.\u00a0 The origin of the name is also uncertain.\u00a0 Judging by other places with \u2018cock\u2019 as a first element, the origin could be Old English cocc<\/em> meaning \u2018a rooster\u2018 or cocc<\/em> meaning \u2018a hillock\u2019.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

COCKER HILL<\/strong> is a hill with a residential area at its foot north-west of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 Although the history of Cocker Hill is well documented, dating back to 1698, making it one of the oldest areas of Stalybridge, the origin of the name is uncertain.\u00a0 However, its position west of a bend in the River Tame<\/strong> makes it likely that it means \u2018crooked hill\u2019, from the Old Norse krokr<\/em>, meaning \u2018crook, bend, usually of a river\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COCKEY MOOR<\/strong> is an area on the eastern side of Ainsworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1545 as Cokkaye Chapel Moor.<\/em>\u00a0 The origin is uncertain:\u00a0 either Old English cocc,<\/em> meaning \u2018rooster\u2019, or Anglo-Saxon personal name Cocca<\/em> + hege<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019).\u00a0 Taken together, the meaning could be \u2018an enclosure for breeding birds or for cock-fighting\u2019 or \u2018Cocca\u2019s settlement\u2019.\u00a0 An alternative derivation is suggested by the Old Celtic kokka<\/em> (\u2018red earth\u2019) + Old English l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018woodland clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COCK KNARR BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises on Cock Knarr, east of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> and flows north-east into Swineshaw<\/strong> Brook, which then flows west to meet the Tame in Millbrook<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name means \u2018hillock (Old English cocc<\/em>) with a rugged rock (cnearr<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COFFIN LANE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong> that rises east of Bryn Gates<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, then flows east to meet Hey Brook<\/strong> and ultimately empties into Glaze Brook.\u00a0 The name is recorded on the Ordnance Survey map of 1846, which also shows Coffin Lane<\/em>, a track that today leads west from Bryn Gates but which was probably part of an old corpse road from Abram<\/strong> to the church in Ashton-in-Makerfield<\/strong>.\u00a0 Coffin or corpse lanes were common in mediaeval England as coffins had to be carried quite long distances to the nearest church or cemetery.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COLD GREAVE CLOUGH <\/strong>is a valley with a stream on the moors of the west Pennines<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> that flows into the Rooden Catchwater and feeds Rooden Reservoir<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded on Ordnance Survey maps of the 1840s and means \u2018the ravine (Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>) of or beside the bleak (Old English cald<\/em>) grove <\/em>(Old English gr<\/em>\u01e3fe<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COLDHURST<\/strong> is a residential area in central Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1844, when an ecclesiastical parish was established.\u00a0 The origin of the name is uncertain but it is unlikely to be \u2018cold, cool\u2019. The first element is more likely to be Old English col<\/em>, meaning \u2018coal, especially charcoal\u2019.\u00a0 The second element is Old English hyrst<\/em>,\u00a0(\u2018wooded hill\u2019), so that the combined meaning would be \u2018wooded hill suitable for charcoal-making or where charcoal is made\u2019.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

COLLIER BROOK <\/strong>is a 3-kilometre tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong> that rises east of Atherton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and joins with Atherton Brook and Lilford<\/strong> Park Brook before their confluence with Glaze Brook.\u00a0 The name is taken from the Collier<\/em> family, who owned Collier Brook Farm from the early 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It gave its name to the Collier Brook Bolt Works, which was built in 1856 on Bag Lane<\/strong>, opposite Collier Brook Farm.\u00a0 The site is now occupied by Collier Brook Industrial Estate.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COLLYHURST<\/strong> is an inner-city district of the City of Manchester<\/strong>, about 2.5 kilometres north-east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1322 with its modern spelling and means \u2018wooded hill grimy with coal dust or soot\u2019, from Old English colig<\/em> (\u2018grimy, coal-like\u2019) + hyrst <\/em>(\u2018wooded hill\u2019).\u00a0 There seems to be no history of coal-working in the area in the Middle Ages but coal was found nearby in the 19th<\/sup> century, leading to the sinking of St George\u2019s colliery in 1866.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

COLLYHURST FOOTBRIDGE<\/strong> is a disused footbridge over the River Irk<\/strong> and the former sidings of the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway connecting Collyhurst <\/strong>with Cheetham Hill<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in the 1890s and is also known as \u2018Barney\u2019s Steps\u2019, as it overlooked a 1950s council dump called Barney\u2019s Tip, the \u2018Impossible Bridge\u2019, or \u2018Lowry<\/strong>\u2019s Footbridge\u2019 as it was painted by Lowry in 1938 (see<\/em> Appendix 2).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COMPSTALL<\/strong> is a village on the River Etherow <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1608 as Compstall Bridge<\/em>, referring to a crossing over the Etherow.\u00a0 The derivation is uncertain but it is usually said to mean \u2018valley fishing place\u2019 from Old English cumb<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019) + stall<\/em> (\u2018a place for catching fish, fishery\u2019).\u00a0 The Etherow is still known for its trout fishing.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CONEY GREEN <\/strong>is a residential area of Radcliffe<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It appears on the Ordnance Survey maps of 1891-93 but was previously mentioned in the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway Act of 1877 authorising a line to Coney Green<\/em> Farm.\u00a0 The name means \u2018green <\/em>or grassy area where rabbits are found or kept\u2019, from Middle English coni<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CONTACT THEATRE <\/strong>is the University of Manchester\u2019s arts venue on Oxford Road <\/strong>in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was started in 1972 as Manchester\u2019s Young People\u2019s Theatre but was renamed Contact<\/em> in 1999 to highlight its mission to provide a point of contact<\/em> between the university and the wider community.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COOKCROFT <\/strong>is a residential area south of Shaw <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears on Ordnance Survey maps in the 1880s and probably means \u2018the small enclosure or farm (croft<\/em>) belonging the someone called Cook<\/em>\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COOPER TURNING <\/strong>is a hamlet at the junction of Chorley Road (A6) and Dicconson Lane (B5239) north-west of Westhoughton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears on Ordnance Survey maps of 1888-90 and the same maps show a \u2018works\u2019 there.\u00a0 It is tempting to conclude that there was a cooper\u2019<\/em>s works at this turning<\/em> in the road but this cannot be confirmed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COPLEY<\/strong> is a district of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, about 13 kilometres east of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1345 as Coppelegh<\/em>, probably meaning \u2018clearing beneath a peaked hill\u2019, from Middle English coppa<\/em> (\u2018peaked\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em>\u00a0<\/strong>(‘a clearing’).\u00a0 This would fit with Copley\u2019s position at the foot of the Pennines<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is also possible that it means \u2018Coppa\u2019s place\u2019, from an Anglo-Saxon personal name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COPSTER HILL <\/strong>is a district in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> which takes its name from the nearby hill.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1422 as Coppedhyrst<\/em>, from copped<\/em>, meaning \u2018peaked\u2019, and hyrst<\/em>, meaning \u2018wooded hill\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CORNBROOK <\/strong>or CORN BROOK <\/strong>is a district in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> which takes its name from the Corn<\/em> Brook<\/em>, a tributary of the Irwell <\/strong>which now flows into the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> at Pomona<\/strong> docks. \u00a0The name is recorded in 1322 and means \u2018stream with cranes\u2019 rather than \u2018stream with corn\u2019, derived from the Old English cran<\/em>, cron<\/em> or corn<\/em>.\u00a0 The use of the name was perhaps standardised by a station with that name opened in 1856 by the Manchester South Junction & Altrincham Railway.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CORONATION STREET<\/strong> is a street on the New Barracks<\/strong> estate of the City of Salford.<\/strong>\u00a0 The estate was built in 1900-1904 and the street was named for the coronation<\/em> of King Edward VII on 9 August 1902.\u00a0 The street gives its name to the long-running ITV soap-opera of that name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CORRIDOR MANCHESTER\u00a0 <\/strong>See <\/em>OXFORD ROAD<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COTE GREEN <\/strong>is a residential area of Marple Bridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded from 1842.\u00a0 The origin of the name is uncertain but one possibility is Old or Middle English cot<\/em>, meaning \u2018cottage or hut\u2019 + gr<\/em>\u0113ne<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COTTERILL CLOUGH NATURE RESERVE <\/strong>is a 5.6 hectare woodland area and site of special scientific interest south of the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was purchased with funds raised by the public in memory of Thomas Alfred Coward (1867-1933), a naturalist from the University of Manchester.\u00a0 The name comes from the family name Cottrell<\/em> + the Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>, meaning \u2018ravine, deep valley\u2019 in reference to the valley of Cotterill <\/em>Brook, a tributary of the River Bollin<\/strong>, which flows through the area.\u00a0 The surname Cotterill or Cottrell is thought to derive from the is Old or Middle English cot<\/em>, meaning \u2018cottage or hut\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COTTON FAMINE ROAD <\/strong>is a cobbled road on Rooley Moor<\/strong> above Norden<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> built during the American Civil War in the 1860s, when slave-grown cotton from the Confederate States was boycotted by the Lancashire mill workers, causing a \u2018cotton famine\u2019<\/em> and extreme social hardship.\u00a0 To provide employment and relief, millworkers were paid to pave a mile-long section of the road with about a third of a million stone cobbles or \u2018setts\u2019.\u00a0 The road still exists today as a memorial to the Rochdale mill workers.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u2018COTTONOPOLIS\u2019<\/strong> is a nickname for Manchester<\/strong> and the surrounding industrial areas of south Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1851 but seems to have been coined somewhat earlier, although no one seems to know when or by whom.\u00a0 The name is derived from cotton<\/em> and metropolis<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Certain inhabitants of Cottonopolis were sometimes referred to as \u2018Cottontots\u2019.\u00a0 The term seems to have originated in the early 1840s when the children (tots<\/em>) of cotton<\/em> families made excursions to what was then northern Cheshire<\/strong> on the newly-built railways, annoying the local inhabitants.\u00a0 However, by the 1870s the term was used more approvingly to refer to cotton magnates who were known for their wealth, philanthropy and lavish homes in Bowdon<\/strong> and other towns in south Manchester<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

The COUNTY BROOK\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> BROOK BOTTOM<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COUNTY END<\/strong> is an area on the eastern side of Lees<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area is at the point where the previous county of Lancashire<\/strong> met the former West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong>, explaining the name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COVERSHAW BRIDGE <\/strong>is a road bridge across Sinderland <\/strong>Brook from Dunham Massey<\/strong> into Carrington<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is at this point that Sinderland and Caldwell<\/strong> Brooks join to form Red Brook<\/strong>, which then flows west into the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The bridge is shown on the Ordnance Survey map of 1842 and may mean \u2018dove or pigeon copse\u2019 from Old English culfre<\/em> + sceaga<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COWHILL<\/strong> is a residential area of Chadderton <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1200 as Kuhill<\/em>, literally meaning \u2018cow\u2019s hill\u2019, from Middle English cou<\/em> + hyll<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COWLISHAW<\/strong> is a residential area in the west of Shaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Cowleshawe<\/em> in 1558.\u00a0 The derivation is uncertain but it could mean \u2018charcoal hill\u2019 from Old English colig\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018<\/em>charcoal; full of, or marked by, charcoal\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse\u2019).<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

COX GREEN<\/strong> is a residential area in the Egerton<\/strong> district of the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded as Cosse<\/em> 1108 but by 1248 it had become Cokksgrene<\/em>, from the Old English cocc <\/em>(\u2018hillock, hilltop\u2019) + grene\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018grassy spot, village green\u2019).\u00a0 However, over time the name was rationalised to \u2018Cox\u2019 as if it were an eponym referring to someone named Cox who owned or worked the land.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CRANKWOOD <\/strong>is a hamlet north-east of Golborne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The place is not well documented before the first edition of the Ordnance Survey maps in the first half of the 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It takes its name from nearby Crank Wood but the origin is uncertain:\u00a0 possibilities are Old English cranus<\/em> (\u2018crane\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse\u2019) or crumb<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018crooked, twisted\u2019) + wudu <\/em>(\u2018wood, forest\u2019), so that the meaning might be \u2018wood of the cranes\u2019 or \u2018crooked wood\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CRIMBLE<\/strong> or CRIMBLES <\/strong>is a rural area on the River Roch <\/strong>north of Heywood <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale.\u00a0 <\/strong>The name is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Crumles<\/em>, from the Old English cr<\/em>\u04efmel<\/em> meaning \u2018a small piece (crumb) of land\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CRIME LAKE<\/strong> is a small lake in Daisy Nook<\/strong> Country Park in Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The lake was formed in 1794 or 1795 when a blocked culvert under the Hollinwood<\/strong> Canal resulted in flooding.\u00a0 The name is said to be derived from chrime<\/em>, a dialect word for a meadow, or perhaps an eponym referring to someone who owned the meadow.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CRINGLE BROOK\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>There are several places named Cringle across England, all derived from the Old Norse kringla<\/em>, meaning \u2018circle\u2019, and often referring to the meandering of a river.\u00a0 Cringle Brook in Burnage<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong> that rises in Heaton Chapel<\/strong> and later joins Chorlton <\/strong>Brook.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1322 as Kringelbroke<\/em>, meaning \u2018the winding stream\u2019, and later gave its name to the area through which it flowed and to Cringle Hall, built early in the second half of the 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Today Cringle Brook survives as the name of a school and gives its name to Cringle Park in Levenshulme<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River CROAL<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises west of Bolton<\/strong> and then flows east for about 16 kilometres to meet the Irwell at Nob End<\/strong> in Kearsley<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name means \u2018winding stream\u2019 and is derived from the Old English croh<\/em> (\u2018a nook of land in a river bend\u2019, hence \u2018winding\u2019) + wella<\/em> (\u2018stream\u2019), referring to its meandering course.\u00a0 Despite its Old English form, the Croal is not recorded before 1836, when it is identified as forming the boundary between Great and Little Bolton.\u00a0 Before the 19th<\/sup> century it is usually referred to as Mikelbrok<\/em>, a form which is recorded in 1292 and which means \u2018great stream\u2019, from Old English mycel<\/em> + br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em>.\u00a0 Over time this was rationalised to Middlebrook<\/em><\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROFTS BANK<\/strong> is a residential area of the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but it is likely that it is derived from the Old English croft<\/em>, meaning \u2018small enclosed field\u2019 + Old Norse or Middle English banke<\/em>, meaning hill slope.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROMPTON<\/strong> is part of the district of Shaw<\/strong> and Crompton in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1246 as Crumpton<\/em>, meaning \u2018settlement in a bend\u2019 referring to Crompton\u2019s position in a meander of the River Beal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The origin is the Old English crumb<\/em> (\u2018crooked, twisted, bent\u2019) + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018homestead, settlement, village\u2019).<\/p>\n

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CROMPTON PLACE<\/strong> is a retail centre in Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in 1971 as an Arndale Centre<\/strong> but was renamed in 1989 after the Bolton-born industrialist and inventor, Samuel Crompton<\/em> (1753-1827), who invented his spinning mule for the manufacture of cotton and other fibres in in about 1779 while living in Hall I\u2019 th\u2019 Wood.\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROMWELL BRIDGE, <\/strong>originally CROMWELL ROAD BRIDGE<\/strong>, was built in 1880-1882 and crosses the River Irwell<\/strong> to connect Broughton<\/strong> with Pendleton <\/strong>in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 Oliver Cromwell<\/em> (1599-1658) had many associations with what is now Greater Manchester<\/strong> during and after the civil war, but it is not known precisely when or why Cromwell Road was named after him.\u00a0 There are 24 streets named after Cromwell in Greater Manchester.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CRONKEYSHAW COMMON<\/strong> is a 16.3-hectare area of public open space with trees in northern Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1470 as Crankshaw<\/em> and there are various suggestions for its derivation.\u00a0 It may come from Old English cranus<\/em> (\u2018crane\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse\u2019) or crumb<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018crooked, twisted\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse\u2019), so that the meaning might be \u2018copse of the cranes\u2019 or \u2018crooked copse\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROOKE <\/strong>is a village on the River Douglas<\/strong> and the Leeds & Liverpool Canal in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1324 as Crok<\/em>, probably from the Old Norse krokr<\/em>, meaning \u2018a crook, a bend\u2019, usually referring land in the bend of a river, which aptly describes the village\u2019s location in a meander in the River Douglas.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROOK GATE RESERVOIR <\/strong>is one of a series of reservoirs north of Denshaw<\/strong> built in the 1880s to supply water for the population and industries of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The reservoir is fed by Readycon Dean Brook<\/strong>, which is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong>.\u00a0 The origin of the name is unclear and undocumented but it is believed to be named after a toll gate<\/em> located on a crook<\/em> or bend in a road across the moors.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROOKILLEY WOOD <\/strong>is a 4.57-hectare area of ancient woodland near Bredbury<\/strong> and Brinnington<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1259 as Crokuill<\/em> but the origin is uncertain:\u00a0 it may be Old English croc<\/em> (\u2018a shepherd\u2019s crook) + l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROSSACRES<\/strong> is a residential area of Wythenshawe<\/strong> in the City of Manchester.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1290 as Crosacres<\/em>, meaning \u2018fields or ploughed lands (Old English \u00e6cer<\/em>) near a cross (cros<\/em>)\u2019.\u00a0 As the name suggests, this was sparsely-populated farmland noted for its flax, although the location of the cross is not recorded.\u00a0 In the 1930s the area was incorporated into the Wythenshawe development around Crossacres Road.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROSS BANK<\/strong> is a village in the south of Oldham<\/strong> on the River Medlock<\/strong>.\u00a0 The village is thought to have been part of the lands granted to the Knights Templar in England in the 13th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The Knights Templar marked ownership of their territory by placing crosses <\/em>in earth banks<\/em>, which explains the name of Crossbank.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROSS BANK BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong> that rises south-east of Shuttleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> and flows north-west to join the Irwell south-east of Stubbins in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Its derivation is not well documented:\u00a0 the name could reference the fact that it crosses<\/em> Bank Lane<\/strong>, or it may refer to an ancient cross<\/em> that perhaps marked the eastern boundary of Ramsbottom<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROSSFORD BRIDGE<\/strong> today carries the old Roman road from Manchester<\/strong> to Chester (the A56) across the River Mersey<\/strong> between Stretford<\/strong> and Sale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1295 as Crosford<\/em>, meaning simply \u2018the ford by the cross\u2019, possibly referring to a cross<\/em> that originally stood on the north bank of the Mersey.\u00a0 The ford<\/em> became unusable in the Middle Ages and the original wooden bridge is said to have been built by 1367, but this was replaced by a stone bridge in 1578.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROWCROFT PARK <\/strong>is a public park in Longsight<\/strong> and Levenshulme<\/strong>, south of the city centre of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 In the 19th<\/sup> century, the area was an industrial area engaged in cotton manufacture, but in 1900 Manchester Corporation took over the lease and laid the area out as a park.\u00a0 The first cotton mill had been started in Crowcroft<\/em> by Thomas Knight in 1815 but it is likely that the name is older, meaning \u2018small field where crows are found\u2019 from the Middle English croue<\/em> + croft<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

CROWHILL<\/strong> is a residential area west of Waterloo<\/strong> in Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The residential development dates from the 1950s but it is assumed that the local area, commonly known as \u2018The Moss\u2019, was at some time named Crow Hill<\/em>, from Old English cran<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018crane, heron or similar bird\u2019) + hyll<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROWN POINT <\/strong>is an area in Denton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> which gives its name to the Crown Point retail shopping park, built in 2003 on the site of the Victoria Hat Works.\u00a0 The name goes back at least as far as 1817 and commemorates a battle in the northern part of what is now the American state of New York in 1759, when the British destroyed a French garrison known as Fort St Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric, which they then renamed Fort Crown Point<\/em>, a translation of the French Pointe \u00e0 la Chevelure.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROWTHER STREET <\/strong>or CROWTHER STEPS<\/strong> is a steep cobbled street in the Underbanks <\/strong>district of Stockport<\/strong> made famous by two paintings by L S Lowry.\u00a0 <\/strong>The street is named after the Crowther<\/em> family, who had silk works in both Stockport and Heaton Norris<\/strong> in the late 18th<\/sup> and early 19th<\/sup> centuries.\u00a0 The original houses on Crowther Street were demolished in the 1960s but restored early in the 2000s to approximate to those in Lowry\u2019s paintings.\u00a0 (See<\/em> Appendix 2)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CRUMPSALL<\/strong> is a suburb of the City of Manchester<\/strong> on the River Irk<\/strong> approximately 5 kilometres north of the city centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1235 as Corneshal <\/em>and its modern spelling is recorded since 1552.\u00a0 It is usually said to be an eponym meaning \u2018Crumb\u2019s nook\u2019, although it has also been suggested that it could mean \u2018crooked piece of land\u2019, from Old English crumb<\/em> (\u2018crooked, bent\u2019) + halh <\/em>(\u2018nook of land\u2019), from the large bend in the River Irk at this point.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CUDWORTH BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises on Cudworth Pasture on the moors north of Castleshaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>and flows south through Cudworth Clough into Castleshaw Upper Reservoir.\u00a0 The name seems to be undocumented but is found elsewhere in England as an eponym meaning \u2018Cuda\u2019s or Cutha\u2019s enclosure\u2019, from an Old English personal name + Old English worth<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CULCHETH<\/strong> is a suburb of the City of Manchester <\/strong>close to Newton Heath<\/strong>.\u00a0 This Culcheth is not to be confused with Culcheth in the Metropolitan Borough of Warrington in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Culcheth Hall in Manchester was the mediaeval seat of the Culcheth family, but they died out in 1621.\u00a0 It is assumed that these two places named Culcheth both originally meant \u2018narrow wood\u2019 or \u2018nook of a wood\u2019 from Celtic c<\/em>\u016bl <\/em>(\u2018narrow\u2019) + coed<\/em> (\u2018wood\u2019), but another possibility is that it is a corruption of Kershaw<\/em>, meaning \u2018church in a copse\u2019, from Old Norse kirk<\/em> + Old English sceaga<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CULVERT CLOUGH <\/strong>flows south-west from the west Pennine<\/strong> moors of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> to meet the Rooden Catchwater that feeds Rooden Reservoir<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded on Ordnance Survey maps of the late 19th<\/sup> century and means \u2018the ravine (Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>) with a stream in or like a culvert<\/em>\u2019.\u00a0 Culvert<\/em> first appears in English as an engineering term in 1774 and is usually said to be of unknown origin, although it has been suggested that it is of French or Dutch origin, or even an eponym named after a forgotten engineer.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CUNNINGHAM BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong> that rises west of Westhoughton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It flows south and ultimately joins the River Glaze<\/strong> near Lately Common in Warrington.\u00a0 The name is recorded on the Ordnance Survey map of 1892 and probably takes its name from a farm or field owned by a local family called Cunningham<\/em>.\u00a0 The surname Cunningham<\/em> is of Scottish origin from a place in Ayrshire meaning \u2018the homestead or enclosure of the milk pail\u2019, from the Gaelic cuinneag<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018milk pail\u2019) +\u00a0ham<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018enclosure, homestead\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u2018CURRY MILE\u2019<\/strong> is the nickname given to the stretch of Wilmslow Road passing through Rusholme<\/strong>, south of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The area became a meeting place for the many people from the Asian subcontinent who settled in Manchester in the late 1950s and 1960s, and \u2018Curry Mile\u2019<\/em> became the nickname in the mid-1980s for the many restaurants that were opened.\u00a0 In January 2008 the name was standardised when Manchester City Council erected signs with the title. \u00a0Curry<\/em> comes from the Tamil kari<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CUTACRE COUNTRY PARK <\/strong>is a 226-hectare nature reserve across parts of Salford<\/strong>, Wigan<\/strong> and Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in 2020 on the site of a massive slag heap formed in the early 20th<\/sup> century when waste from Brackley and Mossley Common collieries was dumped in the valley of Cutacre Clough<\/em>.\u00a0 Opencast mining ended in 2011 and the site was then landscaped and transformed into the country park.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is possibly an eponym, from an Anglo-Saxon personal name such as Cutha<\/em> + \u00e6cer<\/em>, meaning \u2018plot of land\u2019.\u00a0 Cutacre lends its name to Cutacre Brook, a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CUTGATE <\/strong>is a residential area of Rochdale<\/strong> about 1.5 kilometres west of the town centre.\u00a0 It was recorded as Cut-Hays<\/em> in 1562 and \u2018gate\u2019 is thought to derive from Old Norse gata<\/em>, meaning \u2018road\u2019.\u00a0 It has been suggested that the first element is either a personal name or that it refers to the road being cut<\/em> across the hillside.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CUTLER HILL <\/strong>is an area in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> on the disused Hollinwood<\/strong> Branch of the Ashton<\/strong> Canal.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1797, when Cutler Bridge<\/em> was built over the newly-completed canal.\u00a0 The name would seem to come from cutler<\/em>, either literally as being the site of a workshop where someone made or sold knives, or as an eponym from Cutler\u2019s Hill.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CUTTING ROOM SQUARE <\/strong>is a residential and commercial public space in Ancoats<\/strong> in the City of Manchester <\/strong>opened in 2018 as part of a local regeneration project with new and repurposed buildings.\u00a0 Its name consciously echoes the area\u2019s textile industry history and refers to the cutting rooms<\/em> where the completed cloth was cut to make garments.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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D<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DACRES <\/strong>is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, south-west of Greenfield<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is an eponym, taking its name from Dacre\u2019s, the vicarage of Bartholomew Dacre<\/em> (1785-1831), the vicar of St George\u2019s Church in Mossley<\/strong>, which was built in 1819.\u00a0 It was enlarged in 1858 as Dacre Hall, a house which still stands.\u00a0 In 1928 the owner built a small housing estate adjacent to Dacres Hall.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DAISYFIELD<\/strong> is a residential area on the south-west edge of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is probably literal \u2013 an area or field<\/em> where daisies<\/em> grew.\u00a0 The urban development of Daisyfield is not well documented before the 1840s, when the Hutchinson family built the Daisyfield textile mill and the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway built Daisyfield Viaduct over the Manchester Bolton and Bury Canal and the River Irwell<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DAISY HILL<\/strong> is a residential area of Westhoughton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The origins of the name are uncertain and undocumented.\u00a0 In 1824 it was referred to as Daisey Hillock<\/em> and it is assumed that the name was taken literally from a hill covered with daisies.\u00a0 The name was standardised with the opening of Daisy Hill station by the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway on 1 October 1888.<\/p>\n

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DAISY NOOK<\/strong> is a village (also known as Waterhouses<\/strong>) and country park belonging to the National Trust in Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is taken from a book of \u2018Lancashire Sketches\u2019 by the Manchester<\/strong> weaver-turned-dialect writer, Ben Brierley (1825-96), originally written in 1867.\u00a0 In it he depicts an imaginary village called Daisy Nook where ‘Two Banks seemed to have opened to receive a group of neat whitewashed cottages and after filling them with happiness, surrounded them with a curtain of trees, to shelter them from the outside world\u2019.\u00a0 Brierley\u2019s description was based on the village of Waterhouses and the area has been known by this name ever since.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DAKIN\u2019S BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of Dean Brook<\/strong> and, ultimately, of the River Tonge<\/strong>, north of Barrow Bridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but it may well be an eponym, so that the meaning would literally be \u2018the stream named after a relative of David<\/em>\u2019.\u00a0 Dakin as a name is derived from a shortening of David <\/em>+ Old English cynn<\/em> (\u2018family, relative\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DALE <\/strong>is a village in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, although in the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1732 and means \u2018valley\u2019, from the Old English d<\/em>\u00e6l<\/em>, probably referring to the valley of Hull Brook,<\/strong> a tributary of the River Tame.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DALES BROW<\/strong> is a residential area in south Swinton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in the 18th<\/sup> century as a dairy farm with some cottages.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but presumably means \u2018hill (brow<\/em>) at the top of a valley (dale<\/em>), referring to the valley of Deans Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DANE BANK <\/strong>is a residential area of Denton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, west of the town centre, known as Dane Shot (or Shott or Shutt) Bank before the 20th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 According to local legend, it takes its name from a Danish chieftain who was shot by a Saxon archer and was then beheaded, but this is almost certainly folk etymology:\u00a0 the original name means \u2018narrow field overlooking a valley\u2019 is derived from Middle English denu<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019) + shote<\/em> (\u2018narrow strip of land\u2019) + banke<\/em> (\u2018bank, hillside\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The DANELAW<\/strong> was originally just that \u2013 the law<\/em> that was applied by the Danes<\/em> or, more widely, the Vikings in the parts of England that they controlled between the late 9th<\/sup> or early 10th<\/sup> century and the Norman conquest in 1066.\u00a0 In the 19th<\/sup> century, the term came to be applied to the areas where the Danelaw was applied.\u00a0 Whether what is now Greater Manchester<\/strong> was included in the Danelaw is a matter of some disagreement:\u00a0 some modern maps include all of Greater Manchester in the Danelaw but place-name evidence suggests that the Viking influence was limited to isolated settlements rather than widespread occupation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DANGEROUS CORNER <\/strong>is a residential area east of Hindley Green<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> where Westleigh <\/strong>Lane meets the Atherton<\/strong> Road (now the A577).\u00a0 The name is recorded on a map of 1855 and, according to a local legend and poem, derives from an incident in which a horse-drawn hearse tipped over at the dangerous corner<\/em>, spilling the corpse of a farmer\u2019s wife, who awoke and survived for several more years.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DARBISHIRE<\/strong> or DERBYSHIRE PARK<\/strong> is an 8.9-hectare park north-west of Bolton<\/strong> town centre.\u00a0\u00a0 The land was donated to the town in 1868 by Charles James Darbishire<\/em> (1797-1874), who had been mayor of Bolton in 1838-1839, and his brother, Samuel Dukinfield Darbishire<\/em> (c.1796-1870), a local solicitor.\u00a0 The park is popularly known as \u201cBobby Legs Park\u201d after a tall park keeper named Robert.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DARCY LEVER <\/strong>is part of the area named Lever<\/em> which consists of several settlements \u2013 Darcy Lever, Great Lever<\/strong>, Lever Edge<\/strong> and Little Lever<\/strong> \u2013 south of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name Lever is recorded in 1212 as Lefre<\/em>, from the Old English lefer<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018rush, reed\u2019), so that the entire area would mean \u2018where the rushes or reeds grow\u2019 on the banks of the Irwell<\/strong> and Croal<\/strong>.\u00a0 Darcy Lever is recorded from 1509 as Darcye Lever<\/em>, showing that it was now in the possession of the D\u2019Arcy<\/em> family.\u00a0 The family originated in Arcy<\/em> in Normandy in France.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DARLEY PARK, Bolton, <\/strong>is a 1.53-hectare public park in Farnworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong> beside the River Croal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is taken from Darley Hall<\/em>, a mansion built by Benjamin Rawson (1758?-1843), a sulphuric acid manufacturer, in about 1806.\u00a0 The estate was purchased by the local council in 1911 and the house was demolished in about 1914.\u00a0 The name means \u2018deer clearing\u2019, from Old English d<\/em>\u0113or<\/em> (\u2018deer\u2019) + l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018woodland clearing\u2019).\u00a0 The park <\/em>may suggest that this was previously an area where deer were kept or hunted.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DARLEY PARK, Firswood, <\/strong>is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> neighbouring Old Trafford<\/strong> and Whalley Range<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Darley Hall<\/em>, a Tudor-style mansion built in the mid-19th<\/sup> century for Wilson Crewsdon (1790-1871), a local cotton manufacturer.\u00a0 The local council later purchased the property and demolished the house.\u00a0 The name means \u2018deer clearing\u2019, from Old English d<\/em>\u0113or<\/em> (\u2018deer\u2019) + l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018woodland clearing\u2019).\u00a0 The park <\/em>may suggest that this was previously an area where deer were kept or hunted.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DARNHILL<\/strong> is a residential area of Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was a farming area centred around Darn Hill<\/em> farm, but in the early 1960s it became the site for the construction of large-scale municipal housing for families from Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented.\u00a0 The Darnhill <\/em>family website suggests that the name means \u2018a grower of darnel<\/em>\u2019, a type of ryegrass.\u00a0 Darnel is originally French but is found in English from the early 14th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DAUBHILL <\/strong>is a south-western suburb of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is referred to as Daub Hill<\/em> in 1815.\u00a0 It is derived from Middle English daube<\/em>, meaning clay used in mediaeval building, as in \u2018wattle and daub\u2019, which was obtained locally.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

DAVENPORT <\/strong>is a suburb of Stockport<\/strong> that takes its name from the Davenport<\/em> family, who had owned Bramall Hall<\/strong> since the 14th<\/sup> century and whose name came from their estate in Cheshire, which was recorded as Deneport<\/em> in the Domesday Book of 1086.\u00a0 The name is said to derive from the River Dane (thought to come from the Celtic dafn<\/em>\u00a0meaning \u2018a drop, trickle\u2019) + Old English\u00a0port<\/em>\u00a0meaning \u2018market town\u2019.\u00a0 Davenport in Stockport is much later:\u00a0 in the mid-19th<\/sup> century a member of the family, Colonel William Davenport<\/em>, persuaded the Stockport Disley & Whaley Bridge Railway to build a station to serve land owned by him and named after him.\u00a0 The station was opened on 1 March 1858, was closed in September 1859 and re-opened on 1 January 1862.\u00a0 The station led to the development of Davenport and the neighbouring area of Cale Green.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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DAVENPORT GREEN <\/strong>is a village north-east of Hale Barns<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 Davenport Green farm and Davenport Green Hall probably date from Mediaeval times and take their name from Jurdan de Davenport<\/em>, who was granted land in Hale<\/strong> by Hamon Massey of Dunham Massey<\/strong> in 1281.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DAVID LEWIS RECREATIONAL GROUND <\/strong>is an area of Peel Park<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The land was gifted to Salford in 1897 as a recreational area by merchant and philanthropist, David Lewis<\/em> (1823-1885).\u00a0 He made his money from the Lewis\u2019s chain of departmental stores, the first of which was opened in Liverpool in 1856 and the second in Manchester<\/strong> in 1877.\u00a0 On his death, he left money to promote health and welfare in Lancashire<\/strong> and the north-west.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DAVYHULME <\/strong>is a residential area of Urmston<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The original Davyhulme Hall<\/em> was built by John de Hulme in 1154 but it seems that it was only in 1434 that it was known as Defehulme<\/em>. There are several Hulmes<\/em> in Greater Manchester<\/strong>, all derived from the Old Norse holm<\/em>, meaning \u2018raised ground in a marshy place\u2019, and they needed to be distinguished, hence Cheadle Hulme, Levenshulme<\/strong>, etc).\u00a0 The origin of Davyhulme is uncertain and the usual suggestion is that it is Middle English deaf<\/em>, meaning \u2018deaf\u2019 or \u2018lonely\u2019, perhaps the nickname of one of its residents that gradually became associated with the personal name Davy<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DEAN BROOK\u00a0<\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tonge<\/strong> that rises on Smithills <\/strong>Moor in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It flows south, joining other streams to form the Tonge<\/strong> at Meeting of the Waters in western Bolton.\u00a0 The name Dean comes from the Old English denu<\/em>, meaning \u2018valley\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River DEAN <\/strong>rises at Longclough in Cheshire<\/strong> on the edge of the Peak District<\/strong> and joins the Bollin <\/strong>between Wilmslow and Styal.\u00a0 It then flows some 16 kilometres and meets the Mersey <\/strong>near Lymm.\u00a0 It is usually said that the name is shortened from \u2018Dean Water\u2019 and is derived from the Old English denu<\/em>, meaning \u2018a valley, especially a long valley\u2019 + w<\/em>\u00e6ter<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DEAN CHURCH BROOK<\/strong>, also known as KIRK BROOK<\/strong>, is a small tributary of the River Croal<\/strong> that rises in Deane<\/strong> in south-west Bolton <\/strong>and flows north in Middle Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 The addition of Church<\/em> distinguishes it from other brooks named Dean<\/em> (all derived from the Old English denu<\/em>, meaning \u2018valley\u2019) and is taken from the\u00a0Anglican Church <\/em>of St Mary the Virgin in Deane.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DEANE<\/strong> is a residential area in south-west Bolton<\/strong>, south of the River Croal <\/strong>beside Deane Clough. \u00a0Dean <\/em>and Deane<\/em> are common place names found across Britain, all meaning a place \u2018in a valley\u2019 from Old English denu<\/em>.\u00a0 Deane in Bolton is recorded in 1292 as Dene<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

DEAN HEAD BROOK<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises east of Bleak Hey Nook<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and joins Thorns Beck<\/strong>, which then flows into Diggle Brook<\/strong> and finally into the Tame.\u00a0 Dean Head is recorded in 1736 \u2013 probably a farm at the head<\/em> (h<\/em>\u0113afod<\/em>) of the valley (denu<\/em>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DEAN MILLS RESERVOIR <\/strong>was originally built in the late 18th<\/sup> century by John and Robert Lord to supply water power for their Dean Mills<\/em>.\u00a0 The reservoir is located on the south-western slopes of Winter Hill<\/strong> about 5 kilometres north of Bolton<\/strong> and the mills were located in what became Barrow Bridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The mills were converted to steam power in the 1830s and so the reservoir became redundant.\u00a0 The mills and reservoir took their name from the nearby Dean Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the River Tonge<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DEANS BROOK <\/strong>or DEAN\u2019S BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong> that rises in Dales Brow<\/strong> in south Swinton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It then flows south for about 3 kilometres into Folly Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the first Ordnance Survey maps of the early 1850s but probably means simply \u2018the brook in the valley (Old English denu<\/em>)\u2019.\u00a0 It would seem that the brook gives it name to Deans, a residential area to the south of Swinton.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DEANSGATE<\/strong> is the main shopping and commercial thoroughfare through the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1389 as Denes-gate<\/em> and is said to be Manchester\u2019s oldest street.\u00a0 The second element is Old Norse gata<\/em>, meaning \u2018a road or street\u2019, but the origin of the first element is uncertain.\u00a0 It has been suggested that it is a) named after the lost River Dene; b) the \u2018Danes\u2019 gate\u2019; and c) most likely, named for the dean of an early church in the area.<\/p>\n

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DEARNLEY <\/strong>is a residential area of the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, north-east of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1324 as Dernylegh<\/em>, meaning \u2018hidden or solitary clearing\u2019, from Old English derne<\/em> + l\u0113ah<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a wood, glade, clearing\u2019).\u00a0 It is unclear why the clearing was hidden or solitary.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

DEADWENCLOUGH \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> POLEFIELD<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DEBDALE PARK <\/strong>is an 18-hectare public park in Gorton<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but it is said that the area was originally known as Deepdale<\/em>, from the Old English d\u0113op <\/em>(\u2018deep\u2019) + d<\/em>\u00e6l<\/em> (\u2018dale, valley\u2019), and at some point it was reduced to Debdale<\/em>.\u00a0 The area was originally the estate of a local hatter but was purchased by the local water company in the 1820s for two reservoirs.\u00a0 It was developed as a recreational area and park after World War I.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DELAMERE PARK<\/strong> is a public recreational area in Higher Openshaw <\/strong>in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The park and the surrounding residential area were laid out at the end of the 19th<\/sup> century or beginning of the 20th<\/sup>.\u00a0 The name of the park and adjoining Delamere Street are probably derived from Delamere<\/em> (Old French meaning \u2018of the lake\u2019) Lodge, a country house in Cheshire<\/strong> built in 1784 for the Wilbraham<\/strong> family.\u00a0 In the late 19th<\/sup> century, the names of many streets in Manchester were associated with Wilbraham Egerton (1832-1909), who was, among other things, Chairman of the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> Company.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DELPH<\/strong> is a village in Saddleworth <\/strong>in West Yorkshire<\/strong> administered by the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1544 as Delf<\/em> and the modern spelling is not found until 1817.\u00a0 The name means \u2018the quarry\u2019 and comes from the Old English delf<\/em>, referring to the bakestone quarries north of the village.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

DELPH HILL<\/strong> and DELPH RESERVOIR \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>There are several places called Delph in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, all apparently originally associated with quarrying and derived from the Old English delf<\/em>, meaning \u2018a quarry\u2019, and delvan<\/em>, meaning \u2018to dig\u2019.\u00a0 Delph Hill is located on the southern slopes of Winter Hill <\/strong>on the outskirts of Bolton, west of Doffcocker <\/strong>and probably refers to 19th<\/sup>-century collieries or fireclay quarries in the area.\u00a0 Delph Reservoir lies in the Turton<\/strong> district north-west of Bolton and was completed in 1921 on the site of Delph Hill hamlet, which was purchased by Bolton Corporation in 1907.\u00a0 There were sandstone quarries in the area and the hamlet consisted mostly of miners\u2019 cottages.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DEMMINGS <\/strong>is an area of Cheadle<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> which today gives its name to an industrial estate, a school and at least two roads.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1789 as Damings<\/em> Print Works, which was spelled Demmings<\/em> by the mid-19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name is said to be a rendering of \u2018damming<\/em>\u2019 in reference to the damming of the Micker Brook<\/strong> to form a millpond for the local calico printing, bleach and dye works.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DENSHAW<\/strong> is a village in Saddleworth<\/strong> in West Yorkshire<\/strong> administered from the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> in Greater Manchester.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1635 as Denshaw<\/em>, meaning \u2018the valley copse\u2019, from Old English denu<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse, small wood\u2019), referring to the village\u2019s position close to the source of the River Tame.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

DENTON<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, 8 kilometres east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 It was formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1255 as Denton <\/em>and literally means \u2018valley village\u2019 from Old English denu<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019) + –t<\/em>\u016bn <\/em>(\u2018farmstead, village\u2019), describing its position in the valley of the River Tame<\/strong>. \u00a0It is sometimes said that Denton means \u2018Dane town\u2019, but there seems to be no evidence for this.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DENZELL GARDENS <\/strong>are a 4-hectare public park in Bowdon<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The gardens were originally the grounds of Denzell House, built by cotton magnate Robert Scott (1822-1904) in 1874 and apparently named by his Cornish wife, Maria, after Denzell <\/em>Manor in Cornwall.\u00a0 The name is derived from the Cornish den<\/em>, meaning \u2018castle, fort\u2019, + sel<\/em>, meaning \u2018hill\u2019.\u00a0 The house was sold in 1904 to Samuel Lamb (1847-1936), a shipping merchant and Liberal politician.\u00a0 On his death, the house and grounds were donated to Bowdon Urban District Council.\u00a0 The grounds were opened to the public in 1938, while the house was put to various uses and is currently used as offices.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DEPLEACH HALL <\/strong>is all that remains of a 17th<\/sup>-century tithe barn south of Cheadle<\/strong> town centre in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1366 as Depelache<\/em>, meaning \u2018deep boggy steam\u2019, from the Old English d<\/em>\u0113op<\/em> (\u2018deep\u2019) + laecc<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018stream, bog\u2019), in reference to the nearby Micker Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DE QUINCEY PARK <\/strong>is a small public park south of Sinderland Brook<\/strong> in Timperley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in 1936 by the Mayor of Altrincham<\/strong>, Alfred de Quincey<\/em>, and named after him rather than his famous ancestor, Thomas de Quincey (1785-1859), who was brought up in industrial Manchester and chronicled childhood visits to Altrincham in his Confessions of an Opium Eater<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DERKER<\/strong> is a residential area in the north of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1604 and its origin is unknown.\u00a0 At that time, it was spelled Dirtcar<\/em>, but this is not thought to be related to a small rail wagon for carrying soil or other material, a word that originated in the USA in 1870.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The DEVISDALE<\/strong> is an area of Bowdon<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> with residential development around a public park.\u00a0 The area was originally common land known as Bowdon Downs, but the current name originated from the early 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It is thought to be a corruption of the family name Davis<\/em> + Old English dole<\/em> (\u2018common land shared out among local people\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DERBYSHIRE<\/strong> is a county to the east of Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in the 11th<\/sup> century and is derived from the city of Derby<\/em> (\u2018village where deer are found\u2019) + sc<\/em>\u012br <\/em>(\u2018district\u2019).\u00a0 In 1974 a few places \u2013 Marple Bridge<\/strong>, Strines<\/strong> and Swineshaw<\/strong> \u2013 were transferred from Derbyshire to Greater Manchester.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DERKER<\/strong> is a residential area in the north of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1604 and its origin is unknown.\u00a0 At that time, it was spelled Dirtcar<\/em>, but this is not thought to be related to a small rail wagon for carrying soil or other material, a word that originated in the USA in 1870.<\/p>\n

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DICK HILL <\/strong>is a 308-metre hill north of Rough Bank<\/strong> and Higher Ogden<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and the Peak District <\/strong>National Park.\u00a0 The name appears on the first ordnance Survey maps of the area in the 1840s but the origin in unknown.\u00a0 It might come from the Old English d<\/em>\u012bc<\/em>, meaning \u2018embankment\u2019, but it is more likely that it is a forename eponym, named after an unidentified farmer or landowner named Richard<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u201cDICKY BIRD\u201d ESTATE <\/strong>is a residential area in Fern Grove<\/strong> east of Bury<\/strong> that was built in the 1930s.\u00a0 It was given the name because many of the roads have bird names \u2013 Linnet Drive, Chaffinch Drive, etc.\u00a0 \u2018Dicky bird\u2019 has been a colloquial or children\u2019s term for a bird since 1744 and was popularised by the nursery rhyme \u2018Two little dicky birds sat on a wall, One named Peter, one named Paul\u2019.\u00a0 This was originally \u2018There were two blackbirds sat on a hill, One named Peter, one named Gill\u2019, but the wording was changed early in the 19th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DIDSBURY <\/strong>is a suburb of the City of Manchester<\/strong> lying on the north bank of the River Mersey<\/strong> approximately 8 kilometres south of the city centre.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1246 as Dedesbiry<\/em>, meaning \u2018Dyddi\u2019s stronghold\u2019, probably referring to an Anglo-Saxon leader who had a burh<\/em> (\u2018fortified place\u2019) overlooking a ford across the Mersey.\u00a0 Didsbury gives its name to Didsbury, Alberta, Canada.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DIGGLE<\/strong> is a village in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, although in the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the late 12th<\/sup> century as Diggel<\/em> and there are two theories about the derivation.\u00a0 One is that it is from the Old English degle<\/em>, meaning \u2018valley\u2019.\u00a0 The other is that it means \u2018ditch hill\u2019 from Old English d<\/em>\u012bc<\/em> + hyll<\/em>.\u00a0 Diggle lends its name to Diggle Reservoir, which was built in about 1795-1800 to supply water for the Huddersfield Narrow Canal.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DIMPLE<\/strong> is a village in the Ribble valley north of Egerton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is thought to come from Old English dumpel<\/em> or dympel<\/em>, meaning \u2018a pit or a hollow\u2019 and therefore \u2018a pool\u2019.\u00a0 The Old English word gives us modern \u2018dimple\u2019 and \u2018dump\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DIVISION BRIDGE <\/strong>See<\/em> ROYAL GEORGE AQUEDUCT<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DIXON FOLD <\/strong>is a residential area in Clifton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1841, when the Manchester & Bolton Railway opened its Dixon Fold station.\u00a0 The name would seem to be an eponym:\u00a0 Dixon<\/em> may refer to a farming family who were involved in the textile industry in the 18th<\/sup> century; Fold <\/em>is taken from Old English fald<\/em>, \u2018an enclosure for animals or a small group of cottages\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DOBB BROW <\/strong>is a village west of Westhoughton<\/strong> beside Pennington Brook<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is named after John Dobb<\/em>, who obtained the lease for the area in 1777 and let out plots for cottages, many to handloom weavers. \u00a0Brow<\/em> is from Old English bru<\/em> meaning \u2018a steep hill or bank that leads up from a river\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DOBCROSS<\/strong> is one of the villages of Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> that was in the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1662.\u00a0 \u00a0One suggestion is that it is an eponym and that Dob<\/em> is the name of an unknown person.\u00a0 Another is that it means \u2018the place where horses cross\u2019 from dob<\/em>, a now obsolete word meaning \u2018a muddy or stagnant pool, a deep pool in a river\u2019.\u00a0 This might refer to an ancient crossing point over the local River Tame<\/strong> on a packhorse route across the Pennines<\/strong> between Lancashire<\/strong> and Yorkshire<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DOCTOR LANE HEAD<\/strong> is a hamlet at the head <\/em>(i.e. the top) of Doctor Lane north-west of Uppermill<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Doctor Lane takes its name from Dr<\/em> George Byrom (1589-1656), a member of the Byrom family of Salford<\/strong> after whom several streets in Salford and Manchester<\/strong> are named.\u00a0 Byrom was a doctor of divinity and the rector of Thornton-le-Moors in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 He purchased land in the area in 1639 and later moved there after falling foul of the puritan authorities because of his support for the royalists during the civil war.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DODGE HILL <\/strong>is an area west of Lancashire Hill <\/strong>in Stockport<\/strong> named after the Dodge <\/em>family, 17 of whom were mayors of the town between 1433 and 1812.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 15th<\/sup> century, when William Doggerson held land in Stockport.\u00a0 Two Dodge brothers emigrated to America in 1629 and it is often said that Dodge City in Kansas and the Dodge Motor Cars company were founded by their descendants or relatives, but there is little hard evidence that either of these claims is true.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DOFFCOCKER<\/strong> is a residential and recreational area in north-west Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1874, when Doffcocker Lodge was built as a reservoir for local mills.\u00a0 There are two theories about the origin of the name.\u00a0 One is that it means \u2018dark winding stream\u2019, from the Celtic dubh<\/em> (\u2018dark, black\u2019) + cocr<\/em> (\u2018winding stream\u2019).\u00a0 More fancifully, it may recall a Scotsman who had to doff<\/em> (\u2018remove\u2019) his cockers<\/em> (Scottish and Lancashire<\/strong> word for \u2018stockings\u2019 or \u2018boots\u2019) in order to cross the stream that flowed into Doffcocker Lodge.\u00a0 Doffcocker Lodge was created as a nature reserve in 1992.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

DOG KENNEL BROOK \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> MAINE ROAD<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DOG POOL BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong> that rises south-east of Hindley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and flows south-west to join Borsdane Brook<\/strong>, which ultimately empties into Glaze Brook.\u00a0 The name does not appear on maps until the Ordnance Survey of the 1890s and the origin is uncertain \u2013 perhaps it rises in a pool that was known locally as Dog Pool<\/em> and this name was applied to the stream.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DOLEFIELD<\/strong> today is a street in the Spinningfields<\/strong> area of the City of Manchester<\/strong> close to the River Irwell<\/strong>, but in the past it was an area in itself and was originally proposed as the terminus of the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The place is not well documented before 1777 and means \u2018a field in an area of common land\u2019, from the Old English dole<\/em> (\u2018common land shared out among local people\u2019) + feld<\/em> (\u2018open space, field\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River DOUGLAS<\/strong> rises on Winter Hill<\/strong>, joins the River Yarrow<\/strong> and meanders to meet the River Ribble.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1220 as the Douglis<\/em> and takes its name from the Celtic Dubo-glais<\/em>, meaning \u2018black or dark stream\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DOUGLAS GREEN<\/strong> is a former industrial area of Pendleton<\/strong> where William Douglas<\/em> (1745-1810) established one of the first, if not the first, and largest cotton mill in Salford<\/strong> in 1781-1782.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DOVE BANK <\/strong>is a residential area north-west of Little Lever<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>, beside Blackshaw Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the River Croal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears on the Bury tithe map of about 1845 as a field or property name.\u00a0 It is likely that the name means \u2018the slope or hill (Middle English banke<\/em>) where doves (Old English d<\/em>\u016bfe<\/em>) are found or kept\u2019, and local records confirm that dovecotes were used in the area in the 16th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DOVER <\/strong>is a hamlet south of Abram<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the completion of the Leigh<\/strong> branch of the Leeds & Liverpool Canal, which was completed in December 1820, when a flight of four locks was built at Dover.\u00a0 The name is thought to be unrelated to Dover in Kent and to be derived from the Celtic dubr<\/em>, meaning \u2018water\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DOVE STONE <\/strong>or DOVESTONE RESERVOIR <\/strong>lies above the village of Greenfield<\/strong> and west of Dove Stone Moss on Saddleworth<\/strong> Moor in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The reservoir was completed in 1968 but takes its name from a local landmark, Dove Stone<\/em>, which is recorded in 1771.\u00a0 The stone acquired its name from its shape, which was originally similar to a dove, but years of erosion have flattened the top and it is now sometimes referred to as \u201cDuck Stone\u201d.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DOWRY WATER <\/strong>and DOWRY RESERVOIR\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>Dowry Water or Dowry Brook is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong>, which originates from the waters emerging from Dowry and New Year\u2019s Bridge<\/strong> reservoirs east of Denshaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Dowry reservoir was built in 1876-83 but it is evident that the name of Dowry<\/em> is much older.\u00a0 Its origin and meaning are unclear and undocumented \u2013 Dowry Green is recorded in 1724 and Dowry Castle was built in 1867.\u00a0 It is usually said that the name refers of a piece of endowed<\/em> land, although this meaning is not given in the Oxford English Dictionary<\/em>, rather than the marriage dowry of anyone in particular.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DRINKWATER PARK<\/strong> is a 62-hectare park on the River Irwell<\/strong> in Prestwich<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally a country estate dating back to 1389 and was purchased in 1788 by Peter Drinkwater <\/em>(1742-1801), a cotton manufacturer and textile merchant of Northwich.\u00a0 The estate became known as Drinkwater Park and was sold to Salford<\/strong> and Prestwich councils in 1902 for a smallpox isolation hospital.\u00a0 The hospital was closed in 1943 and the land was eventually converted into a public park, which is now administered by the Forestry Commission.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DROYLSDEN<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> on the River Tame<\/strong>, about 6.5 kilometres east of Manchester <\/strong>city centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in about 1250 as Drilisden<\/em> and the modern spelling is found from 1619-1620.\u00a0 It may mean \u2018valley of the dry stream or stream\u2019, from Old English dr\u04efge<\/em> (\u2018dry, dried up\u2019) + welles<\/em> (\u2018stream, well\u2019) + –denu <\/em>(\u2018valley\u2019) but it has also been suggested that it could mean \u2018Drygel\u2019s<\/em> valley\u2019 from an Anglo-Saxon personal name.\u00a0 Old English dr\u04efgel<\/em> means \u2018a small person of dried-up appearance\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DRY BROOK <\/strong>and DRY CLOUGH<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0Dry Brook is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises on Broadstone<\/strong> Moss in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows north through Dry Clough to meet South Brook<\/strong>, which then flows north -west into Diggle <\/strong>Brook, which joins the Tame near Diggle.\u00a0 The names are not well documented but are probably literal \u2013 \u2018dry stream\u2019 and \u2018dry valley\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DUCIE BRIDGE\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>There are two bridges in central Manchester<\/strong> called Ducie Bridge:\u00a0 Ducie road bridge over the River Irk <\/strong>built in 1814-16 and a railway bridge over Great Ducie Street built by the Liverpool & Manchester Railway in 1842 as it extended its line to Victoria Station<\/strong>.\u00a0 Both are named after the Ducie<\/em> family of landowners who inherited Strangeways<\/strong> Hall in the early 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Apart from owning land, the family seem to have had little to do with Manchester, although the 3rd<\/sup> Baron Ducie (1739-1808) was an MP for Lancaster in 1784-1785.\u00a0 The family name originated in the 13th<\/sup> century as an Anglicised version of the Gaelic O\u2019Dubhghusa, a personal name meaning \u2018black vigour\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DUKINFIELD<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, although included in Cheshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 It lies on the south bank of the River Tame<\/strong>, east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name was recorded in the 12th<\/sup> century as Dokenfeld<\/em>, meaning \u2019field of ducks\u2019, from Old English d<\/em>\u016bcena<\/em> (\u2018of ducks\u2019) + feld<\/em> (\u2018open space, field\u2019).\u00a0 Presumably the ducks were on the River Tame but they could also refer to domesticated ducks.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DUMPLINGTON <\/strong>is a locality in Urmston <\/strong>in the City of Salford<\/strong>, about 9 kilometres south-west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1229 as Dumplinton<\/em> and its modern spelling is found from 1623.\u00a0 The meaning is usually given as \u2018the village or enclosure by a pool\u2019, from the Old English dympel-<\/em> (\u2018a dip, pool\u2019) + -ing-<\/em> (\u2018associated with\u2019) + –t<\/em>\u016bn <\/em>(\u2018enclosure, village\u2019).\u00a0 An alternative is that it means \u2018the village or enclosure of the followers of Dumola<\/em>\u2019, from the personal name + -inga<\/em>– (\u2018followers of, named after\u2019) + –t<\/em>\u016bn.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DUNHAM MASSEY<\/strong> is a 17th-century stately home and 120-hectare estate with deer and other wildlife such as herons.\u00a0 It is located on the River Bollin<\/strong> south-west of Altrincham<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The nearby village of Dunham<\/em> is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Doneham<\/em> and means \u2018homestead on a hill\u2019 from the Old English d<\/em>\u016bn-,<\/em> \u2018hill\u2019 + –h<\/em>\u0101m<\/em>, \u2018village, homestead\u2019, probably referring to what is now the village of Dunham Town.\u00a0 Massey<\/em> was added as the name of the Anglo-Norman de Masci barons and is first recorded in 1362.\u00a0 The Massey line died out in the 14th<\/sup> century but the house remained in private ownership until 1976, when it was left to the National Trust.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DUNHAM NEW PARK <\/strong>is a 14.6-hectare park owned by the National Trust as part of the Dunham Massey<\/strong> estate south-west of Altrincham<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The original park was part of the Dunham estate mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) but in 1765 the Earl and Countess of Stamford created the New Park.\u00a0 It was used as an American army camp and, later, a prisoner-of-war camp during World War II and was left to the National Trust in 1976.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DUNHAM TOWN\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> DUNHAM MASSEY<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DUNHAM WOODHOUSES <\/strong>is a village north of the Dunham Massey<\/strong> estate in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford <\/strong>and it is likely that it was originally a settlement of estate workers\u2019 cottages.\u00a0 Dunham <\/em>means \u2018homestead on a hill\u2019 from the Old English d<\/em>\u016bn-,<\/em> \u2018hill\u2019 + –h<\/em>\u0101m<\/em>, \u2018village, homestead\u2019.\u00a0 Woodhouses<\/em> is recorded as Wodehouse<\/em> in 1522 and means \u2018houses in a wood\u2019 from Old English wudu<\/em> + h<\/em>\u016bs<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DUNISHBOOTH BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Spodden<\/strong> that rises north of Catley Lane Head<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1180 and means \u2018the small or temporary hut (Old Norse b<\/em>\u014dth<\/em>\/Middle English bothe<\/em>) belonging to (Old English -ing<\/em>) Dunning<\/em> (Anglo-Saxon personal name)\u2019.\u00a0 Today there are still farms at Higher and Lower Dunishbooth.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DUNSCAR <\/strong>is an area close to Egerton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, that was formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is also the site of Dunscar Wood.\u00a0 The name was first recorded in the 12th<\/sup> century as Dungecarre <\/em>and means \u2018dung marsh\u2019 from the Old English dynge<\/em> (\u2018dung\u2019) + carr<\/em> (\u2018swamp\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DUNWOOD PARK <\/strong>is a 12-hectare public park in Crompton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The land was donated to Crompton council by Captain Abram Crompton, a local landowner, in 1911 and the park was opened in 1912.\u00a0 At the time the land was described as \u2018a high hill, wooded in parts\u2019, which fits its Old English derivation \u2013 d<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019) + wudu<\/em> (\u2018wood, forest\u2019).\u00a0 In 1926 a fountain was erected in the park \u2018as a mark of appreciation of the self-sacrifice and devotion of women of Crompton during the Great War\u2019.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DURN <\/strong>is a village north east of Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> located beside a road leading up to Blackstone Edge<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the late 18th century, when Durn Lock and Durn Bridge on the Rochdale Canal were built.\u00a0 It is probably derived from Old English derne<\/em> or dierne<\/em>, meaning \u2018hidden\u2019 because it was covered with vegetation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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E<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EAGLEY<\/strong> is a village in Turton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded only as Eagley Bridge<\/em> until the early 19th<\/sup> century, but the stream was harnessed to power cotton mills from 1796.\u00a0 The owners built a model village named simply Eagley for the workers.\u00a0 The mills were closed in the 1970s but have been converted into a residential complex.\u00a0 The name may derive from the Old English \u0101c<\/em>, meaning \u2018oak\u2019 + l\u0113ah<\/em>, \u2018woodland clearing\u2019.\u00a0 Given its position on Eagley Brook, a tributary of the River Tonge<\/strong>, it is perhaps more likely that it comes from Old English \u0113a<\/em>, meaning \u2018river\u2019, + l\u0113ah<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EALEES<\/strong> is a rural area south-east of Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 Ealees Hall is recorded in 1561 and the name means \u2018clearings beside a brook or river\u2019, from the Old English \u0113a<\/em> (\u2018river\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (woodland clearing\u2019).\u00a0 The reference is to Hollingworth <\/strong>Brook, which flows down the Ealees Valley, merges with Ealees Brook and flows into the River Roch<\/strong> at Littleborough.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EASTLANDS<\/strong> is a regenerated area 1.5 kilometres east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre that was formerly known as Bradford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The Eastlands name seems to have been first used in the early 1990s when, following the closure of Bradford colliery in 1969, the area was transformed for the hosting of the 2002 Commonwealth Games.\u00a0 The centrepiece was the stadium that is now known as the Etihad Stadium.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EASTWOOD NATURE RESERVE <\/strong>is a 4.7-hectare woodland area in Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside <\/strong>administered by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds.\u00a0 It takes its name from Eastwood<\/em> House, the home of John Cheetham (1835-1916), a local cotton manufacturer.\u00a0 He bequeathed Eastwood and neighbouring Cheetham Park<\/strong> to the people of Stalybridge.\u00a0 Eastwood Nature Reserve was opened to the public in 1931.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EATOCK LODGE <\/strong>is a 1.21–<\/strong>hectare nature reserve in Westhoughton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was designated as a local nature reserve in 2004 and occupies part of the site of Eatock<\/em> Colliery, which opened in 1890 but was shut down in 1936.\u00a0 The colliery was built on and took its name from Eatock Farm, which is recorded in 1739 as probably belonging in John Eatock.\u00a0 The origin of the family name Eatock<\/em> is uncertain but it has been suggested that it may be Old English \u0113ast<\/em> (\u2018east\u2019) + stoc<\/em> (\u2018outlying settlement or farmstead\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ECCLES<\/strong> is a town in the City of Salford<\/strong>, approximately 6.5 kilometres west of the centre of Manchester<\/strong>, previously in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in about 1200 as Eccles<\/em> and is thought to be derived from the ancient British word ecl\u0113s<\/em> or egl\u0113s<\/em>, meaning \u2018a church\u2019, which may be related to the Latin ecclesia<\/em> and the Greek ekklesia<\/em>.\u00a0 Both mean \u2018gathering\u2019 and hence came to be related to ecclesiastical gatherings.\u00a0 However, there is no record of a church in the area before the 13th<\/sup> century, and it has been suggested that the Anglo-Saxons, who invaded the area in the early 7th<\/sup> century, understood the concept of the church and perpetuated the name, despite not being Christians.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ECKERSLEY MILL <\/strong>is a retail centre in Wigan<\/strong> that is being developed as part of the Wigan Pier<\/strong> conservation area.\u00a0 It takes its name from Eckersley Mills<\/em>, a complex of cotton mills built between 1883 and 1920 for Nathaniel ffarington Eckersley<\/em> and Co..\u00a0 Many of the buildings were demolished in the 1960s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The EDGE<\/strong> is a suburban area of Hollinwood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but would seem to refer to its position on the edge <\/em>(i.e. the border) between Chadderton<\/strong> and Oldham.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1713, when land ownership disputes were settled and this area of moorland was awarded to Oldham.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EDGELEY <\/strong>is a district in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1287 as Edisheleg <\/em>and is derived from the Old English edisc<\/em>, meaning \u2018enclosure\u2019 and + l\u0113ah, <\/em>\u2018wood clearing\u2019.\u00a0 Edgeley Park Stadium was built in 1891 for Stockport Rugby Club but since 1903 it has been the home of Stockport County Football Club.\u00a0 Edgeley<\/em> gives its name to Edgeley, North Dakota, USA.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EGERTON<\/strong> is a commuter village about 5 kilometres north of Bolton<\/strong> town centre in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton.\u00a0 It was originally known as Walmsley after the family that owned the land.\u00a0 In 1663 the step-daughter of James Walmsley married Ralph Egerton<\/em> and the area was then given his family name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ELIZABETH GASKELL HOUSE <\/strong>is a museum on Plymouth Grove in the Chorlton-on-Medlock <\/strong>area of the City of Manchester <\/strong>dedicated to the life and work of the Victorian novelist, Elizabeth Gaskell<\/em> (1810-1865).\u00a0 The house was built in 1835-1841 and Elizabeth Gaskell lived there from 1850 to 1865.\u00a0 It was auctioned off in 1913 on the death of Elizabth Gaskell\u2019s daughter, Margaret Emily \u201cMeta\u201d Gaskell.\u00a0 It was purchased by the University of Manchester in 1969 and used for the university\u2019s International Society until 2000, when it was acquired by the Manchester Historic Buildings Trust as a museum to commemorate Elizabeth Gaskell.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ELK MILL <\/strong>today is a shopping centre in Royton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built on the site of Elk Mill, the last cotton mill built in Lancashire or what is now Greater Manchester<\/strong>, which was completed in 1926.\u00a0\u00a0 It was built by the Shiloh Spinning Company, which was formed in 1874 and took its name from Shiloh in Tennessee in the USA, from where the first shipment of raw cotton to Lancashire had come in the late 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The company named their Royton mill after the Elk <\/em>River in Tennessee.\u00a0 Elk Mill was closed in 1998 and demolished.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ELLENBROOK<\/strong> is a suburb of Worsley<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>, about 11 kilometres west of Manchester <\/strong>city centre.\u00a0 Ellenbrook is first recorded in 1544 as Elynbroke<\/em> and is named after the nearby Ellen Brook, <\/em>a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong>. \u00a0Broke<\/em> clearly means \u2018brook, stream\u2019 but sources often state that the first element is unknown.\u00a0 However, it has been suggested that it is the Old English ellern<\/em> (\u2018elder tree\u2019) or elri<\/em> (\u2018alder tree\u2019), describing the vegetation along the banks.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ELLESMERE PARK <\/strong>is a residential area of Eccles<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It dates from the late 19th<\/sup> and early 20th centuries, when fields were laid out for spacious housing.\u00a0 The name is taken from the owner of the land, Francis Charles Egerton<\/strong>, 3rd<\/sup> Earl of Ellesmere <\/em>(1847\u20131914).\u00a0 The family took their title from Ellesmere<\/em> in Shropshire, an eponym that dates from 1172 and means \u2018Elli\u2019s lake\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ELLENOR BROOK <\/strong>is a short tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong> that flows south through Astley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It then becomes Town<\/strong> Brook and ultimately joins the River Glaze<\/strong> near Lately Common in Warrington.\u00a0 It would seem to take its name from a field, farm or local landowner named Ellenor<\/em> and there are references to Eleano<\/em>r, Elennor <\/em>and Elanor<\/em> in the area in the 17th<\/sup>-19th<\/sup> centuries. There are records of an Eleanor<\/em> Tyldesley (n\u00e9e Holcroft), whose family were landowners in the area in the 17th century, but there is no evidence that the brook was named after her.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ELTON<\/strong> is a suburb of Bury<\/strong> that lies on the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1246 as Elleton<\/em> and is said to mean \u2018Ella<\/em>\u2019s village or farmstead\u2019, from an Anglo-Saxon personal name + -t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>. \u00a0The settlement gives its name to Elton Brook, a tributary of the Irwell, and to Lowercroft Reservoir, which was built in the mid-19th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ENGINE FOLD <\/strong>is a residential area of Walkden<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is derived from fold<\/em> – originally a small homestead established near a coal mine – + engine<\/em>, as the site was originally an industrial works depot set up in 1878 to provide maintenance services for the engines and equipment of the collieries and railways of the Bridgewater<\/strong> Trustees.\u00a0 The facility was closed in 1986 and the area converted into a residential estate.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ERNOCROFT<\/strong> is a rural area of Compstall<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, and Ernocroft Wood forms part of Etherow Country Park<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1226 as Arnwicroft<\/em> and with its modern spelling in 1767.\u00a0 This is said to be an eponym derived from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Earnw\u012bg <\/em>+ croft<\/em> (\u2018small enclosed field\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ETCHELLS <\/strong>is a historical area of north-east Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1154 as Hecheles<\/em> and with its modern spelling from 1302.\u00a0 It is derived from the Old English \u0113cels<\/em>, meaning \u2018addition\u2019, in the sense that this was land added to another place. From 1860 it was divided between Stockport <\/strong>Etchells and Northen<\/strong> (or Northern) Etchells, meaning land attached to Northenden<\/strong>.\u00a0 In 1931, Northen Etchells, including Brownsley Green<\/strong>, Crossacres<\/strong>, Heyhead<\/strong>, Moss Nook<\/strong>, Poundswick<\/strong>, Royal Thorn<\/strong> and Sharston<\/strong>, became part of Wythenshawe <\/strong>and transferred from Cheshire to Manchester<\/strong>. \u00a0\u00a0Stockport Etchells became what are now Gatley <\/strong>and Heald Green<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River ETHEROW <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Goyt<\/strong> that rises on Pikenaze Moor in the Derbyshire Peak District<\/strong> and flows through Longdendale<\/strong> to meet the Goyt north of Marple<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1226 as Ederhou<\/em>, the name of a hill, meaning \u2018stream hill-spur\u2019, from \u0113dre<\/em> (\u2018stream\u2019) + h<\/em>\u014dh<\/em> (\u2018hill-spur, slightly higher piece of ground\u2019). \u00a0Etherow <\/em>is found with its modern spelling from 1767.\u00a0 The river gives its name to the 80-hectare Etherow Country Park in the Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, which was opened in 1968 as one of England\u2019s first country parks.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ETHROP GREEN <\/strong>was a farm and hamlet in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford <\/strong>close to Manchester International Airport.\u00a0 <\/strong>It is recorded in 1535 as Athrop<\/em>, from Old English throp<\/em> or Old Norse thorp<\/em>, both meaning \u2018outlying farm\u2019.\u00a0 However, the name was given as Aplethropp<\/em> in 1558, suggesting it could mean \u2018apple farm\u2019, from Old English \u00e6ppel<\/em>.\u00a0 The farm was demolished when the airport was extended in 1989.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ETIHAD STADIUM <\/strong>was built as the City of Manchester<\/strong> Stadium for the 2002 Commonwealth Games in the area now known as Eastlands <\/strong>(formerly Bradford<\/strong>).\u00a0 In 2003, Manchester City Football Club moved to the stadium from their Maine Road<\/strong> ground and in 2011 a sponsorship agreement with Etihad <\/em>(Arabic for \u2018union, unity\u2019) Airways led to a change of name for the stadium.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EXCHANGE <\/strong>was the Manchester<\/strong> trading centre for the exchange <\/em>of cotton and other commodities.\u00a0 The first was built in 1727 and rebuilt in 1806-1809.\u00a0 This was enlarged in 1847-1849 and its name was changed to the Royal Exchange<\/em> after a visit by Queen Victoria<\/strong> in 1851.\u00a0 The third Exchange was completed in 1874.\u00a0 It was vast and lavishly decorated but was finally closed in 1968 with the decline of Manchester\u2019s cotton industry and was converted into the Royal Exchange Theatre.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EXCHANGE STATION <\/strong>was opened by the London & North Western Railway on 30 June 1884 and was closed by British Railways on 5 May 1969.\u00a0 It took its name from the nearby Manchester Cotton Exchange<\/em>. \u00a0It is now a covered car park named Deansgate<\/strong> North.<\/p>\n

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EYE PLATT BRIDGE <\/strong>and EYE PLATT NEW BRIDGE <\/strong>are road bridges south of Stretford<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford <\/strong>carrying the Chester Road over Kickety Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the River Mersey.<\/strong>\u00a0 Eye Platt Bridge was built in 1577 and replaced an earlier wooden bridge.\u00a0 Eye Platt New Bridge was built in 1932.\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The name means \u2018plot (Old English plat<\/em>) of land in a dry patch of marshy ground (eye<\/em>)\u2019. \u00a0Eye<\/em> is a dialect form of Old English \u0113g<\/em>, meaning \u2018island or piece of dry woodland\u2019.\u00a0 The usual dialect form in the Greater Manchester area is ees<\/em>, but eye<\/em> is also found further west in the Mersey valley near Warrington.<\/p>\n

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F<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FAILSWORTH<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>approximately 6.5 kilometres north-east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1212 as Fayleswrthe<\/em> as is thought to possibly mean \u2018fenced enclosure\u2019 from Old English fegels<\/em>\u00a0(possibly \u2018a hurdle, a fence\u2019) + –worth<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019), or, alternatively, to be an eponym from an Anglo-Saxon personal name Fegel<\/em> or F<\/em>\u00e6gel<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FAIRBOTTOM <\/strong>is or was a hamlet in Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, close to the border with Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Fairbottom Farm is thought to date from the late 17th<\/sup> century and Fairbottom Colliery was probably opened in the early 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The colliery was drained by an early Newcomen steam engine, which is believed to have been installed in about 1765 but which may have been obtained second-hand from Norbury <\/strong>colliery.\u00a0 The colliery lent its name to the Fairbottom Branch Canal, a short branch of the Hollinwood<\/strong> Branch Canal, opened in 1797 to transport coal.\u00a0 The canal was closed in 1932 but parts can still be seen in Daisy Nook<\/strong> Country Park.\u00a0 The steam engine was purchased by Henry Ford and taken to his museum in Dearborn in Michigan in 1929.\u00a0 The meaning of Fairbottom seems quite literal:\u00a0 it overlooks the \u2018fair<\/em> or beautiful valley bottom<\/em>\u2019 of the River Medlock<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FAIRFIELD<\/strong> is a suburb of Droylsden<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> that was part of Lancashire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 Although there are other places in Britain with this name, Fairfield<\/em> in Tameside dates only from October 1783, when Moravian refugees established a church and 22-hectare settlement with the aspirational name of Fairfield<\/em>.\u00a0 The area originally overlooked a field<\/em>, which may have been literally fair<\/em> because of a crop of wheat, lilies or cloth that was being bleached.\u00a0 However, the origin may be Biblical:\u00a0 \u2018the kingdom of heaven is like unto treasure hid in a field; the which when a man hath found, he hideth, and for joy thereof goeth and selleth all that he hath, and buyeth that field\u2019 <\/em>(Matthew 13:44).\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>Similarly, a Moravian member, John Lees from Clarksfield<\/strong>, sold two of his coal mines in Oldham<\/strong> for \u00a36000 to pay for the building of the village.\u00a0 The parable may have inspired the choice of name in religious settlements elsewhere, such as Fairfield<\/em> in Connecticut, which was established by Puritan colonists in 1639.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FAIRYWELL BROOK<\/strong> is a 6-kilometre stream that rises north of Manchester International Airport<\/strong> and flows north-west to meet Baguley<\/strong> Brook in Timperley<\/strong> to form Sinderland<\/strong> Brook, a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0 Traditionally, it formed part of the boundary between Cheshire <\/strong>and the City of Manchester<\/strong> and today it marks part of the boundary between the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> and the City of Manchester.\u00a0 The name appears on the 1842 Ordnance Survey map and its meaning is thought to be quite literal \u2013 \u2018the stream where fairies are found\u2019.\u00a0 There are a number of places across England with \u2018fairy\u2019 as the first element but most are considered to reflect a wish to be romantic rather than any supernatural belief.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FALINGE<\/strong> is a location in Rochdale<\/strong> on the River Spodden<\/strong> that also gives its name to Falinge Park.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1323 as Falynge<\/em>, meaning \u2018fallow land\u2019, from the Old English f<\/em>\u00e6lging<\/em>, meaning \u2018fallow land\u2019 or \u2018newly-ploughed land\u2019.\u00a0 Falinge Park was opened in 1906.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FALLOWFIELD<\/strong> is a suburb of Manchester<\/strong> some 5 kilometres south of the city centre.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1317 as Fallafeld<\/em> and is said to mean either literally \u2018fallow field\u2019 from the Old English faelh<\/em> (\u2018fallow or newly-ploughed land that has not been planted\u2019) or \u2018fallow-coloured field\u2019 from fealu <\/em>(\u2018pale brown, yellowish\u2019) + –feld.<\/em><\/p>\n

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FARNWORTH<\/strong> is a town on the River Irwell <\/strong>and River Croal<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, 3.2 kilometres south-east of Bolton itself and 13 kilometres north-west of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1185 as Farnewurd<\/em> but the modern spelling is found from 1278.\u00a0 The name means \u2018fern enclosure\u2019 from Old English fearn<\/em> (\u2018fern\u2019) + worth<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018enclosure\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FAR WAIN STONES\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>WAIN STONES<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FEATHERBED MOSS<\/strong> is an upland area of the Peak District <\/strong>National Park in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded on the Ordnance Survey map of 1843 and it is usually said that it refers to the softness of the swampy (Old English mos<\/em>, \u2018swamp, bog\u2019) ground and white colour of the vegetation, which recalled those of a feather bed<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FEATHERSTALL <\/strong>is a locality in Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> that takes its name from Featherstall Brook<\/em>, a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented and there is little agreement as to its origin or meaning.\u00a0 One suggestion is that it could mean \u2018place of feathers\u2019 from Old English fether<\/em>, another that it is an Old Norse personal name, and another that it could be Old English fodor<\/em> (\u2018fodder, cattle feed\u2019) + -stall<\/em> (\u2018stable, cattle stall\u2019).\u00a0 However, there is little evidence for any of these suggestions and none is thought particularly likely.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FENNY HILL <\/strong>is a suburb of Oldham<\/strong>, south-east of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1827 as a hamlet and in 1829 and 1832 as the site of collieries.\u00a0 Legend has it that it was originally named \u2018Fanny Hill\u2019 after a local woman named Frances<\/em> Rogers, but it is more likely that the origin is more literal \u2013 \u2018the hill beside or above a fen or marsh\u2019 from Old English fennig<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FERN BANK <\/strong>is a residential area on the south-eastern edge of Stalybridge <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area was first developed in the early 1890s with large villas by a local builder, William Storrs (1828-94), who named the estate Fern Bank after the house on Mottram<\/strong> Road in which he had lived since at least 1881.\u00a0 The name would mean \u2018the fern<\/em>-covered bank<\/em> or hill\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FERNGROVE <\/strong>is a residential area of Bury<\/strong> popularly known as the Dicky Bird Estate<\/strong>.\u00a0 The estate was built in the 1930s but the name \u2013 in the 19th<\/sup> century spelt both Fern Grove<\/em> and Ferngrove<\/em> \u2013 is recorded in baptismal records in 1830.\u00a0 The name means \u2018the small wood (Old English gr<\/em>\u0101f<\/em>) where ferns (fearn<\/em>) grow\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FERNHILL <\/strong>or FERN HILL <\/strong>is an area of northern Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are many places named Fern Hill or Fernhill in England, all meaning \u2018fern-covered hill\u2019 from the Old English fearn<\/em> + hyll<\/em>.\u00a0 Fern Hill in Bury is recorded in 1851.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The FESTIVAL THEATRE <\/strong>in Hyde<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> was originally built in 1903 as the Queen Alexandra Picture House, named after Queen Alexandra, the wife of the reigning king, Edward VII, and one of the earliest purpose-built cinemas in England.\u00a0 (The word cinema<\/em> in the sense of \u2018a building for showing films\u2019 was not coined until 1911.)\u00a0 In 1951-53 it was rebuilt as the Festival Theatre, taking its name from the Festival<\/em> of Britain, a nationwide celebration of the centenary of the Great Exhibition of 1851 and of Britain\u2019s post-war industrial and artistic revival.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FIRGROVE <\/strong>is a residential area and business park in Milnrow<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is relatively recent and seems to derive from Firgrove Mill<\/em>, which was built in 1870-73.\u00a0 Firgrove Bridge over the Rochdale Canal was built by 1804 and was originally called Wallhead Bridge but was renamed by the time it was rebuilt in 1906.\u00a0 The origin of Firgrove is not documented but it is a common name across England and is usually literal \u2013 in or by a grove<\/em> of fir trees<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FIRSWOOD<\/strong> is a residential area of Stretford <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded on Ordnance Survey maps at the beginning of the 19th<\/sup> century and would seem to take its name from Fir Farm.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FIRWOOD FOLD <\/strong>is a hamlet on Bradshaw Brook<\/strong> 3.25 kilometres north-east of Bolton<\/strong> town centre.\u00a0 The earliest houses, including the birthplace of Samuel Crompton in 1753, date from the 16th<\/sup> century and are said to be the oldest inhabited houses in Bolton.\u00a0 The origin of the name appears to be undocumented but is probably from the Old English fyre<\/em> (\u2018fir\u2019) or fierel<\/em> (\u2018place where oak trees grow\u2019) + wudu<\/em> (\u2018wood\u2019) + fald<\/em> (\u2018enclosure for animals, farmstead\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FIRWOOD PARK<\/strong> is a residential area of Chadderton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name seems to originate in 1844, when James Cheetham built Firwood Mill<\/em> beside the Rochdale<\/strong> Canal, but may have been the name of the area at an earlier date which had taken its name from the local vegetation.\u00a0 In 1990 the area was developed into a large housing estate which perpetuated the name of Firwood.\u00a0 Firwood Mill was demolished in 1960.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FISHPOOL<\/strong>\u00a0is an area of\u00a0the Metropolitan Borough of Bury <\/strong>south of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1843 as an agricultural area and was adopted for the residential district that developed in the late 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name may refer to a local fish pond (one of the few place names referencing fish in Greater Manchester<\/strong>) or to a landowner or farmer by the name of Fishpool<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FITTON HILL<\/strong> is a residential area of Oldham<\/strong>, about 3 kilometres south of the town centre.\u00a0 The area was developed for residential purposes in the 1950s and 1960s on the land of Fitton Hill<\/em> Farm, which had been occupied by the Fitton family since the early 17th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The FLASHES OF WIGAN AND LEIGH <\/strong>is an 800-hectare nature reserve in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan <\/strong>composed of a chain of 8 sites, including Abram Flash<\/strong>, Amberswood<\/strong>, Bickershaw<\/strong> country park, Lightshaw Meadows<\/strong>, Pennington Flash<\/strong> country park, Three Sisters<\/strong>, Wigan<\/strong> Flashes<\/strong> and Viridor Wood<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the towns of Wigan<\/em> and Leigh<\/em> + flash<\/em>, meaning a lake formed by the subsidence of disused mine workings.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FLETCHER BANK <\/strong>is a residential area in Ramsbottom<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> on the east bank of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the early 19th<\/sup> century in reference to fields, a small settlement, quarries and even a type of sandstone used in building.\u00a0 It is thought to be an eponym derived from a family named Fletcher<\/em>, who are known to have lived in the area from the 17th<\/sup> and 18th<\/sup> centuries.\u00a0 Bank<\/em> here means \u2018slope, hillside\u2019 along the valley rather than the actual bank of the Irwell.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FLETCHER FOLD <\/strong>is a residential area south of Bury <\/strong>and east of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1716 as the location of Fletcher Fold House<\/em>, a property built for the Earl of Derby and probably means \u2018the animal enclosure (Old English fald<\/em>) belonging to someone called Fletcher<\/em>\u2019.\u00a0 The Fletchers seem to have been a prominent local family and a nearby estate at Hollins<\/strong> was leased to a Jacob Fletcher in 1756.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FLETCHER MOSS PARK<\/strong> is a 36-hectare botanical garden in Didsbury <\/strong>in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is named after Fletcher Moss<\/em> (1865-1919), the son of a wealthy corn merchant, who purchased the area in 1912 and donated it to the City of Manchester in 1915.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FLETCHER\u2019S CANAL <\/strong>was a 2.4-kilometre canal between the Wet Earth<\/strong> colliery and the Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 1790-1800 by Matthew Fletcher<\/em> (1731\/33-1808), a local mining engineer.\u00a0 The canal was closed in 1952 but parts of the original towpath remain in Clifton<\/strong> Country Park.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FLIXTON<\/strong> is a town in the Borough of Trafford<\/strong>, about 10 kilometres south-west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is an Old Norse-Old English hybrid, first recorded in 1177 with its modern spelling (although it was also recorded with other spellings) and meaning \u2018Flik<\/em>\u2019s village or estate\u2019, from the Norse personal name Flik<\/em> or Flikke<\/em> + Old English -t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>, suggesting Danish settlement in the area at an earlier period.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FLOW MOSS <\/strong>was an area or hamlet on Chat Moss<\/strong> south of Astley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The Liverpool & Manchester Railway opened a station with this name in 1830 but it was closed in 1842.\u00a0 The company opened another station named Flow Moss Cottage in about 1844 but this was later renamed Astley.\u00a0 The name seems to be a reduplication of Old Norse fl<\/em>\u00f3i<\/em>, meaning \u2018marsh\u2019, + Old English mos<\/em>, also meaning \u2018marsh\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FLOWERY FIELD <\/strong>is an area of Hyde<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is aspirational and is first recorded in 1845.\u00a0 It is said to have been chosen by factory owner Thomas Ashton (1808-75), who provided good working and housing conditions for his employees.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FOGGBROOK\u00a0<\/strong>is an area of Offerton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is only recorded in 1849 when it referred to a village and a bridge over Poise Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the River Goyt<\/strong>, but must date from mediaeval times as the suggested meaning is \u2018grassy stream\u2019, from Old English fogga-<\/em> (\u2018long grass left standing in winter\u2019) + br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em> (\u2018stream\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FOG LANE PARK <\/strong>is a 19-hectare public park in East Didsbury.\u00a0 <\/strong>The land was purchased by the local authority in 1926 and the park takes its name from Yorkshire Fog<\/em>, a strain of grass that grows in the area.\u00a0 The name of the grass is first recorded in 1874 and is said to come from its appearance, which resembles that of the smoke billowing from the chimneys of Yorkshire factories.\u00a0 However, this may be folk etymology – fogga<\/em> is an Old English word meaning \u2018grass\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FOLLY BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises in Monton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong> and flows about 9 kilometres north-east to join Worlsey<\/strong> Brook, which eventually joins the Irwell.\u00a0 The origin of the name is not well documented but is it likely that it comes from folly<\/em>, an obsolete or dialect word meaning \u2018clump of trees on a hill or in open ground\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FORDOE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong> that rises on Knowl Moor<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and flows south-east into Greenbooth Reservoir.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name is undated and undocumented, but Fordol <\/em>and Foredole<\/em> are found elsewhere in West Yorkshire<\/strong>, dating from the 14th<\/sup> and 15th<\/sup> centuries.\u00a0 The name in these cases probably means \u2018a field in front of (Old English fore<\/em>) a share of land (d<\/em>\u0101l<\/em>)\u2019, but this meaning and derivation cannot be confirmed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FOUR GATES <\/strong>or FOURGATES <\/strong>is a hamlet north-west of Westhoughton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is situated at the junction of four<\/em> \u2018gates<\/em>\u2019 (i.e. roads, from the Old Norse gata<\/em>) \u2013 Dicconson Lane to Aspull<\/strong>, Chorley Road, Manchester <\/strong>Road and Lostock<\/strong> Road.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1691, when the Fourgates Inn or Hotel was opened.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FOUR LANE ENDS <\/strong>is a hamlet north-west of Tottington<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the four lanes<\/em> that form the crossroads at the centre of the hamlet – Harwood<\/strong> Road and Bradshaw <\/strong>Road.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1800, when Four Lane End colliery was sunk.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FOX PLATT <\/strong>is a residential area on the south-east edge of Mossley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Fox Platt Farm<\/em>, which was purchased in 1925 in order to build a housing estate under the \u2018Homes for Heroes\u2019 scheme funded by the government after World War I.\u00a0 The farm had belonged to John Platt<\/em> (1857-1918), a local landowner, although it is unclear why it was named \u2018Fox<\/em> Platt\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FRED PERRY WALK <\/strong>is a 23-kilometre is a walking path spanning the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> from Reddish<\/strong> in the north to Woodford<\/strong> in the south.\u00a0 The path passes through Houldsworth Model Village <\/strong>and mill, the source of the River Mersey<\/strong> at the confluence of the Tame <\/strong>and the Goyt<\/strong>, Vernon Park<\/strong>, Woodbank Memorial Park<\/strong> and King George\u2019s Field<\/strong>, and Happy Valley<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is named to commemorate Fred Perry (1909-95), who was born in Portwood<\/strong> and won the men\u2019s tennis singles title at Wimbledon in 1934, 1935 and 1936.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FREEHOLD\u00a0<\/strong>is a residential area in Werneth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name dates from the 1860s when John Platt<\/strong>, the mayor of Oldham and the owner of Platt textile machinery factory, purchased some freehold<\/em> land and built houses for the company\u2019s employees which enabled them to vote under the franchise laws of the time.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FREETOWN<\/strong> is a suburb of Bury <\/strong>that was previously known as Chesham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name dates from the 1820s, when one Thomas Greenhalgh bought some land that included Chesham Mill and renamed it Freetown Mill because it was outside the parish boundaries and therefore free<\/em> from tithes.\u00a0 The mill was demolished late in the 20th<\/sup> century and the land is now occupied by Freetown Business Park.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FREE TRADE HALL <\/strong>was a concert hall in central Manchester<\/strong> close to St Peter\u2019s Square<\/strong> built in 1853-1856 on the site of the Peterloo massacre.\u00a0 The Manchester historian A J P Taylor described it as the only building in the world named after an idea \u2013 that there should be free trade between nations without restrictions on imports or exports.\u00a0 It was built on land donated by Richard Cobden (1804-1865), a leader of the Free Trade movement, to commemorate the repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846 \u2013 one of the central demands of the movement.\u00a0 The Free Trade Hall was badly damaged in the Manchester blitz of December 1940, rebuilt after the war, closed in 1997 and again rebuilt as a hotel, retaining the original fa\u00e7ade.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FRENCHES<\/strong> is an area of Greenfield<\/strong> south of Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It includes Frenches Wharf Marina, a waterside facility opened in 2013 as part of the restored Huddersfield Narrow Canal.\u00a0 The area is recorded in 1673 as Frenches<\/em> Farm, thought to be named from the nickname (Frenchy<\/em>) of Thomas Marralew, one of the French Huguenot Mallalieu family that had settled in Saddleworth in the 16th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Frenches Fulling Mill was built in 1715 or 1719, and Frenches Wharf dates from the construction of the Huddersfield Narrow Canal in 1794-1811.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FRIARMERE <\/strong>or FRIAR MERE <\/strong>is the former name of a hamlet in Delph<\/strong> in Saddleworth <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>now known as Heights<\/strong>.\u00a0 A church was built in 1765 on a hillside overlooking Delph but the name is recorded in 1468 as Friar Mere<\/em> from Old English frere<\/em> (\u2018friar\u2019) + m\u01e3re<\/em> (\u2018boundary\u2019), probably referring to an outlying house belonging to the Black Friars from Roche Abbey in Rotherham that is said to have been built in Delph.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FRIEZLAND<\/strong> is a village south-west of Greenfield<\/strong> in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, about 6.5 kilometres east of the town of Oldham and part of the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Freesland <\/em>in 1765 and with its modern spelling in 1783.\u00a0 It clearly relates to the northern Dutch province of Friesland<\/em> but the nature of this relationship is uncertain and three different suggestions have been put forward.\u00a0 The first suggests that it is derived from Fresa<\/em>, a Frisian<\/em> descended from one of the original tribes who invaded England along with the Angles, Saxons and Jutes in the 5th<\/sup> and 6th<\/sup> centuries.\u00a0 The second is that it was applied to an area of Greenfield in the early 19th<\/sup> century because many Dutch or Frisian<\/em> immigrants had come to work at the Royal George Mills, but this is later than the first record of \u2018Friezland\u2019.\u00a0 The third and perhaps the most likely possibility is that the name comes from Friezland<\/em> or Dutch Oats, which were introduced into Yorkshire in about 1740 and became popular with upland farmers because of their good yield.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FRODSHAM\u2019S BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Douglas<\/strong> which rises south of Standish<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, then flows through Frodsham\u2019s Wood and the Standish Park estate and joins the Douglas at Crooke<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is little documented and any link with Frodsham<\/strong> in Cheshire is unclear.\u00a0 The name of the Cheshire market town is probably derived from the personal name Frod <\/em>or perhaps from a ford<\/em> across the River Weaver, but historians of the town state that it is the only place named Frodsham in England and make no mention of Frodsham\u2019s Brook.\u00a0 However, it seems likely that there was a connection:\u00a0 Ralph de Standish (1418-34) owned estates in both Cheshire and Lancashire and a later member of the family, Bishop Henry Standish (c.1475-1535), left \u00a320 in his will for the construction of a bridge to \u2018keep the way clear\u2019 between Frodsham and his home in Standish.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FULLWOOD <\/strong>is a rural area on the eastern edge of Shaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 The name is little documented but there are several places called Fullwood or Fulwood in England, all probably meaning \u2018rotten or foul<\/em>-smelling wood<\/em>, usually in a marshy area\u2019, from Old English f<\/em>\u016bl <\/em>+ wudu<\/em>.\u00a0 Fullwood gives its name to Fullwood Brook, a tributary of the River Beal<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FUR LANE <\/strong>or FURLANE <\/strong>is a residential area of Greenfield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Fur Lane farmhouse and cottage are said to date back to 1645 and are found beside an old packhorse route across the moors to the east.\u00a0 The name in all probability means \u2018boundary road\u2019, deriving from the Middle English marfur<\/em>, \u2018a boundary furrow\u2019, and lane<\/em>.\u00a0 The village itself lies on the boundary of Saddleworth<\/strong> parish.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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GALE<\/strong> is a village north of Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1225 as Gail<\/em>, from the Old Norse geil<\/em>, meaning \u2018a ravine\u2019, referring to its position in the valley of the River Roch<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GALLIPOLI GARDENS<\/strong> is a 0.07-hectare public park and war memorial in Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The memorial commemorating those killed in the First World War was originally erected in 1922 at the Wellington<\/strong> Barracks in Bury but, following the closure of the barracks, was moved in 2009 to Sparrow Park in central Bury.\u00a0 The park was renamed Gallipoli Gardens in memory of the heavy losses incurred by the Lancashire Fusiliers during the Gallipoli<\/em> campaign of 1915-1916.\u00a0 Gallipoli<\/em> in Turkey is derived from the Greek Kallipolis<\/em>, meaning \u2018beautiful town\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GARDEN SUBURB\u00a0<\/strong>is a residential area of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, approximately 3 kilometres south of the town centre.\u00a0 The area was built in 1909 as an experimental development with low-density housing, tree-lined roads and public gardens, all inspired by the \u2018garden city\u2019 movement of Ebenezer Howard (1850-1928).\u00a0 It was named after Hampstead Garden Suburb<\/em>, which had been built in north London in 1907.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GARRET <\/strong>or GARRATT <\/strong>was an inner-city area of Manchester<\/strong> beside the River Medlock<\/strong>.\u00a0 According to Elizabeth<\/strong> Gaskell<\/strong>, \u2018It derives its former name from an old black and white hall of the time of Richard III.\u2019\u00a0 Garret<\/em> Hall had tall towers or turrets that gave it its name, from the Middle English garret<\/em> meaning \u2018watch tower\u2019, as it overlooked and perhaps defended the confluence of the Medlock and Shooters Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 The last parts of the hall were not demolished until 1910 but much of the area was industrialised by the end of the 18th<\/sup> century and Garret Mill, believed to have been built in about 1760, is said to have been the first water-powered cotton mill in Manchester.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GARRICK THEATRE, Stockport\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> STOCKPORT GARRICK THEATRE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GATHURST <\/strong>is a village in Shevington<\/strong>, west of Wigan<\/strong> on the north bank of the River Douglas<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1547 as Gateshurst<\/em>.\u00a0 This is usually said to mean \u2018wooded hill of the goats\u2019 from Old English g<\/em>\u0101t<\/em> + hyrst<\/em>, but it has also been suggested it could mean \u2018gate or pass by the wooded hill\u2019, from Old English geat<\/em> + hyrst<\/em> because of its position beside the River Douglas.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GATLEY <\/strong>is a suburb of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, 5 kilometres north-east of Manchester Airport<\/strong>. The name is recorded in 1290 as Gateclyve<\/em>, meaning \u2018a cliff or bank where goats are kept\u2019, from Old English g<\/em>\u0101ta <\/em>+ clife<\/em>.\u00a0 The current spelling is found from 1602. It was formerly part of Cheshire<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GAYTHORN<\/strong> is an inner-city area of the City of Manchester<\/strong>, south of the city centre.\u00a0 Its origin is obscure but it is known that the Gaythorn Tunnel, which carries the Rochdale Canal beneath Deansgate<\/strong>, dates from 1794, and the Gaythorn Gas Works were built in the area in 1825 and operated for over 100 years.\u00a0 The Gaythorn<\/em> family website suggests that the name may be a corruption of Heythorn<\/em>, which itself is a corruption of Hawthorn<\/em>, from the Old English haga<\/em> + thorn<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u2018GAY VILLAGE\u2019 <\/strong>is an area of central Manchester <\/strong>\u2018with a significant gay population and a high concentration of businesses catering primarily to this community\u2019 (Oxford English Dictionary<\/em>).\u00a0 The first recorded use of the term is from 1975, referring to Coconut Grove, Miami.\u00a0 It seems to have been used in Manchester from the early 1990s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GEE CROSS<\/strong> is a village or suburb of Hyde<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> that was formerly part of Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is said that the village centre dates back to the 11th<\/sup> century, although it is not mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086.\u00a0 The name first appears as Gee Crose<\/em> in 1629 and takes its name from a cross erected by the Gee family, who lived in the area as far back as 1494.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GIANT\u2019S SEAT <\/strong>is a wooded hill near Ringley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, overlooking the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 Although thought to be the site of a prehistoric hill fort, the name is not recorded until the building of the Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal in 1791-1808, when two locks were called Giant\u2019s Seat and the lock-keeper\u2019s cottage was named Giant\u2019s Seat House.\u00a0 <\/strong>It is likely that the name is taken from a local legend but I have been unable to trace any account of this.\u00a0 Since 1954 the hill has been a Scout camp site.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GIBRALTAR WORKS NATURE RESERVE <\/strong>is a 7.8-hectare wooded area alongside the River Tame<\/strong> in Denton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Gibraltar<\/em> Mill, which was built on the east bank of the Tame near Haughton<\/strong> in about 1790 and named to commemorate the British victory over the French and Spanish at the siege of Gibraltar<\/em> of 1779-83.\u00a0 Gibraltar itself is named from the Arabic Jabal T<\/em>\u0101riq<\/em>, \u2018the mountain of Tarik\u2019, the Moorish general T\u0101riq ibn Ziy\u0101d, who crossed the strait from North Africa to capture the Rock in 711.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GIDLOW <\/strong>is a residential area north of Wigan<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is an eponym recorded in 1246 as Guddelawe<\/em>, meaning \u2018Gidda\u2019s hill\u2019 from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019).\u00a0 There is also evidence that it is named after the Gyudelowe<\/em> or Goodlaw<\/em> family from nearby Aspull<\/strong>, who are known to have lived in the area in the 13th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GIGG<\/strong> is a suburban area in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> that is home to Gigg Lane, Bury Football Club\u2019s ground, originally built in 1885.\u00a0 The name Gigg<\/em> comes from gigge<\/em>, a hole in the ground with a fire used for drying flax in the linen-making process.\u00a0 Flax growing and linen making were common in Lancashire<\/strong> and are commemorated by Flax Moss near Haslingden and Gigg Road in Thelwall near Warrington.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GIGG BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Etherow<\/strong> that flows through the Compstall <\/strong>area of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> to meet the Etherow near Compstall Bridge.\u00a0 The name is documented only from 1927 and the origin is uncertain:\u00a0 it may come from gigge<\/em>, a hole in the ground with a fire used for drying flax in the linen-making process, and this suggestion is supported by the fact that the area was known for flax cultivation before the importing of cheap cotton in the 18th<\/sup> and 19th<\/sup> centuries.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GILDA BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong> that runs from north to south through Eccles<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century as le Guldenaleford<\/em>.\u00a0 The derivation is uncertain but it may come from Old English gylden<\/em> (\u2018covered with golden flowers such as marigolds\u2019) + –halh<\/em> (\u2018nook or corner of land\u2019).\u00a0 Today the stream is mostly culverted but its name is retained in Gilda Brook Road in Eccles and nearby Hope <\/strong>(meaning \u2018remote valley\u2019) probably refers to Gilda Brook.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GILLBENT <\/strong>is a residential area of Cheadle<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1661 as Gilbent<\/em> but the origin is uncertain.\u00a0 It has been suggested that it may be Old English cild<\/em> (\u2018child, young person\u2019) + beonet<\/em> (‘bent-grass’) indicating that this was a grassy area (i.e. a common) belonging to or frequented by young people.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GILNOW <\/strong>is a residential area to the west of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the 18th<\/sup> century, when it was generally spelled Gilnough<\/em>.\u00a0 Its origin is usually said to be unknown, but it has been suggested that the first element may be from the Old Norse gil<\/em>, meaning \u2018valley, ravine\u2019, in reference to Gilnow Brook, a tributary of the nearby River Croal<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GIN PIT <\/strong>is a village near Astley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> which takes its name from the Gin Pit Colliery<\/em> in the Lancashire<\/strong> coalfield.\u00a0 The colliery began production in the 1840s and the village developed a few decades later.\u00a0 Gin <\/em>is short for engine<\/em> and describes the horse-powered winding gear in use in many British coalfields since the 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The first houses in the village were built in 1881.\u00a0 The colliery closed in 1958.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GLAZE BROOK\u00a0<\/strong>or RIVER GLAZE <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises south-east of Leigh<\/strong> as Glaze Brook and flows 35 kilometres into the Mersey and the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> at Cadishead <\/strong>as the River Glaze \u2013 the name changes at Lately Common in Warrington.\u00a0 For much of its length it forms the boundary between Greater Manchester<\/strong> and Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in about 1195 as Glasebroc<\/em> and gives its name to the village of Glazebrook in Cheshire.\u00a0 The name means \u2018grey-green stream\u2019, and probably derives from the Celtic glas<\/em>, meaning \u2018grey-green or blue\u2019 + Old English br\u014dc <\/em>(\u2018stream\u2019).\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GLODWICK<\/strong>\u00a0is a residential area of Oldham<\/strong> to the south-east of the town centre.\u00a0 It is first recorded in the 1190s as Glodic<\/em> and the derivation is uncertain.\u00a0 Its meaning may involve reduplication \u2013 the first element may be related to the Celtic clawdd<\/em>, meaning \u2018ditch\u2019, and the second element may be the Old English dic<\/em>, also meaning \u2018ditch or dyke\u2019.\u00a0 This sometimes happened when the second element is added at a later date to explain the meaning of the first element.\u00a0 Glodwick is close to an old Roman road and the ditch may be a fosse beside the road.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GMEX <\/strong>or the G<\/em>reater M<\/em>anchester Ex<\/em>hibition Centre is an exhibition, concert and conference centre in central Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It started life as Manchester Central terminus, which was built by the Midland Railway and Cheshire Lines Committee in 1880 with the second largest span of any railway station in Britain.\u00a0 It closed in May 1969 and was converted into GMEX, which opened in 1982.\u00a0 Since 2007 it has been known simply as Manchester Central.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GOATS <\/strong>is a residential area in the north of Shaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> on the River Beal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The origin and date of the name seem to be undocumented, but it does not appear before 1859, when Goats Mill in Woodend<\/strong> was built.\u00a0 There are several places in Greater Manchester<\/strong> that are derived from \u2018goat\u2019 (Gathurst<\/strong>, Gatley<\/strong>) and it is possible that the name refers to the keeping of goats<\/em> in the area, but a more likely suggestion is that it is derived from Old English gota<\/em>, meaning \u2018stream\u2019, referring to the confluence of Pencil Brook<\/strong> and Old Brook with the Beal in the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GODLEY <\/strong>is a suburb of Hyde<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1211 as Godel<\/em> and Godeleigh<\/em>, and with its modern spelling in 1364.\u00a0 It is an eponym derived from the Anglo-Saxon personal name G\u014dda<\/em> and Old English –l\u0113ah<\/em>, meaning \u2018woodland clearing, pasture\u2019.\u00a0 Godley lends its name to Godley Brook and Godley reservoir, completed in 1851 to supply water to Manchester<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GOLBORNE<\/strong> is a town in the Borough of Wigan,<\/strong> 22.5 kilometres west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1187 as Goldeburn<\/em>, meaning \u2018stream where marsh-marigolds grow\u2019, from Old English golde <\/em>(\u2018marsh marigold\u2019) + burna<\/em> (\u2018stream\u2019).\u00a0 The town now stands on Millingford Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the Mersey<\/strong>, and it is assumed that the name changed to Golborne at some point.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GOLLINROD <\/strong>is a hamlet near Walmersley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury <\/strong>that gives its name to Gollinrod Wood and Gollinrod Gorge.\u00a0 The River Irwell<\/strong> flows through Gollinrod Gorge as far as Brooksbottoms<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the mid-13th<\/sup> century, when Nicholas of the Golynrode<\/em> was given an estate in the area.\u00a0 It is thought that the name is an eponym meaning \u2018Gollin\u2019s clearing\u2019, from an Anglo-Saxon personal name + Old English rod<\/em> (\u2018clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GOOSE GREEN, Altrincham, <\/strong>is a former hamlet in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>, approximately 13 kilometres south-west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1799 and is assumed to mean \u2018village green where geese were grazed\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GOOSE GREEN, Wigan,<\/strong> is a residential area south-west of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is assumed to have once been a village green where people grazed their geese.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GORE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the Mersey<\/strong> that rises in Droylsden<\/strong> and flows west to Gorton<\/strong> Reservoir and Platt<\/strong> Fields Park<\/strong>, where it becomes Chorlton<\/strong> Brook, which then joins the Mersey close to Sale Water Park<\/strong>.\u00a0 Gore Brook gives its name to Gorton<\/strong>.\u00a0 In 1971, Manchester City Council approved an outline planning strategy for Gorton to develop the Gore Brook<\/strong> Valley Park into a conservation area linking Sunny Brow Park in the west with Debdale Park<\/strong> in the east, along the line of the Gore Brook. This was finally designated on 22 December 1993.\u00a0 The name was recorded in about 1250 as Gorbroke<\/em>, from the Old English gor<\/em>, meaning \u2018dirt or mud\u2019, + br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em>, meaning \u2018stream\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GORSE HILL <\/strong>is a residential area of Stretford<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name originates from Gorse Hill Farm<\/em>, which was built in the 18th<\/sup> century and presumably named because of the local vegetation.\u00a0 The farm was purchased in 1934 to make way for residential development and was demolished in 1937.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GORSEY BANK <\/strong>today is an industrial and recreational area west of Stockport<\/strong> on the south bank<\/em> of the Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1844, when it was the site of cotton mills powered by the river.\u00a0 These had been demolished by 1935, when the large Gorsey Bank housing estate was built.\u00a0 This was cleared in the mid-1990s and the Aurora business park was established on the site from 2007.\u00a0 The name means \u2018river bank where gorse grows\u2019, from the Old English gorst<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GORTON<\/strong> is a suburb of Manchester<\/strong>, south-east of the city centre.\u00a0 It takes its name from Gore <\/em>Brook<\/strong>, meaning \u2018dirty stream\u2019, which flows through the area.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1282 as Gorton<\/em>, from the Old English gor<\/em>, meaning \u2018dirt or mud\u2019, + t\u016bn<\/em>, meaning \u2018settlement or farmstead\u2019.\u00a0 Gor<\/em> can also mean \u2018gore, clotted blood\u2019, and this has led to an alternative suggestion that it means \u2018Gore Town\u2019 from a bloody battle between the Saxons and the Danes, but this can be dismissed as folk etymology.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GOSHEN <\/strong>is a residential and recreational area south of Bury<\/strong> in a bend in the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as a croft in 1586 and is taken from the Bible, where Goshen<\/em> is a region of Egypt described as the \u2018best part of the land\u2019 (Genesis 47:6) where there was \u2018no hail\u2019 (Exodus 9:26).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GOWER HEY BROOK <\/strong>is a left tributary of the River Tame<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises north-west of Gee Cross<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> and then flows north-west through Gower Hey Woods to empty into the Tame east of Haughton Green<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Goer Hey<\/em> in 1720, but Gore Hey<\/em> in 1831, Gower Hay<\/em> in 1889 and Gower Hey<\/em> in 1917.\u00a0 The name means \u2018woodland enclosure by or at a gore\u2019, from the old English g<\/em>\u0101ra <\/em>(\u2018piece of higher ground in a valley\u2019) + h<\/em>\u00e6g<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River GOYT<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong> which rises on the moors west of Buxton in Derbyshire<\/strong> and flows north-west to join the River Tame<\/strong> at Stockport<\/strong> to form the Mersey.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1208 as the Guit<\/em> and comes from the Celtic gwyth<\/em> or, more likely, Old English g<\/em>\u04efte<\/em> or gota<\/em> meaning \u2018channel\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The GRACIE FIELDS THEATRE <\/strong>is an entertainment venue near Oulder Hill<\/strong> in Greave<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was named after and opened in 1978 by Dame Gracie Fields <\/em>(1898-1979), the singer, actress and comedian born in Rochdale in 1898.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GRAINS BAR<\/strong> is a residential area north-east of Shaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name means \u2018toll gate on the road to\/from Grains\u2019, which is or was a village east of Diggle<\/strong>.\u00a0 Grains<\/em> is derived from the Old English grein<\/em>, meaning \u2018a river fork or confluence\u2019.\u00a0 The turnpike to\/from Grains was built at the end of the 18th<\/sup> century but the name Grains Bar can be dated to the 17th<\/sup> century and refers to a toll bar<\/em> erected on the road at the border between Lancashire <\/strong>and the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GRANGE <\/strong>is a moorland hamlet in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, north east of Oldham itself.\u00a0 A grange<\/em> was an outlying farm belonging to a monastery, from the Old French graunge<\/em>, originally meaning \u2018granary\u2019.\u00a0 The present hamlet was originally recorded in 1452 as Castleshaw<\/strong> Grange.\u00a0 Like Friarmere<\/strong>, it was linked to Roche Abbey near Rotherham in South Yorkshire<\/strong> until the dissolution of the monasteries in 1538.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GRASSCROFT<\/strong> is a village in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> that was part of the West Riding of<\/strong> Yorkshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1728 with its current spelling and means simply \u2018grass field\u2019 from modern English grass<\/em> + croft<\/em> (\u2018small field\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GRAVEL HOLE <\/strong>is an area of Thornham <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are several places called Gravel Hole or Gravelhole across Britain and all derive their names from gravel<\/em> pits or quarries that were once found there.\u00a0 Most date from the 19th<\/sup> century and Gravel Hole in Oldham is first recorded on the early Ordnance Survey maps of 1840-1845.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREAT BOLTON\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>BOLTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREAT GRUFF <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises on Sail Bark Moss<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>and flows south-east to meet Rimmon Pit Brook<\/strong>, which then joins Greenfield<\/strong> Brook.\u00a0 The name derives from the Old Norse grof<\/em>, meaning \u2018stream; hollow or pit made by a stream\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREAT HORROCKS<\/strong> See<\/em> HORROCKS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREAT HOWARTH <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> HOWARTH CROSS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREAT LEVER <\/strong>is part of the area named Lever<\/em> which consists of several settlements \u2013 Darcy<\/strong> Lever,<\/strong> Great Lever, Lever Edge<\/strong> and Little Lever<\/strong> \u2013 south of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name Lever<\/em> is recorded in 1212 as Lefre<\/em>, from the Old English lefer<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018rush, reed\u2019), so that the entire area would mean \u2018where the rushes or reeds grow\u2019 on the banks of the Irwell<\/strong> and Croal<\/strong>.\u00a0 Great Lever is a suburb of Bolton, lying about 4 kilometres south of Bolton town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in Latin as Magna Leure<\/em> in 1285 and in English as Great Leure<\/em> in 1326.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREAT MOOR <\/strong>is a suburb of Stockport<\/strong>, which was formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 As far back as 1348, this area of southern Stockport was referred to as del Mor<\/em>, from the Old English mor<\/em>, meaning \u2018a marsh or barren upland\u2019.\u00a0 By the 19th<\/sup> century it was divided into Great Moor and Little Moor.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREATER MANCHESTER<\/strong> was formed as a county on 1 April 1974 from parts of south-east Lancashire<\/strong>, north-east Cheshire,<\/strong> and a few parts of Derbyshire<\/strong> and the West Riding of<\/strong> Yorkshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Prior to 1974, governance of the area was divided between the four counties but there had long been demands for a unified authority to coordinate political and social affairs.\u00a0 The term Greater Manchester<\/em> was invented in April 1935 by the Manchester Evening Chronicle<\/em>.\u00a0 Under the headline \u2018Greater Manchester \u2013 The Ratepayers\u2019 Solution\u2019, it noted the \u2018increasing demands for the exploration of the possibilities of a greater merger of\u00a0public services<\/a>\u00a0throughout Manchester and the surrounding municipalities\u2019.\u00a0 It took until 1974 for Greater Manchester to be formed into a county with ten metropolitan boroughs \u2013 Bolton<\/strong>, Bury<\/strong>, Manchester<\/strong>, Oldham<\/strong>, Rochdale<\/strong>, Salford<\/strong>, Stockport<\/strong>, Tameside<\/strong>, Trafford<\/strong> and Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 Eight of these names – Bolton<\/strong><\/a>,\u00a0<\/strong>Bury<\/strong><\/a>,\u00a0Manchester, <\/strong>Oldham<\/strong><\/a>,\u00a0<\/strong>Rochdale<\/strong><\/a>,\u00a0Salford, <\/strong>Stockport<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0<\/strong>and\u00a0<\/strong>Wigan<\/strong><\/a> \u2013 were taken from the largest towns in the new boroughs, but Trafford<\/strong> was selected because of its sporting venues and historical associations, and Tameside<\/strong> was a newly-invented name taken from the River Tame<\/strong> that flows through the borough.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREAT WHINNING GULF <\/strong>and LITTLE WHINNING GULF<\/strong> are feeder streams rising in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flowing south-west to form Culvert Clough<\/strong>, which feeds Rooden Reservoir<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The names are shown on Ordnance Survey maps of the 1880s and 1890s and both mean \u2018the gorse-covered (Middle English whinny<\/em>) ravine (Middle English gulf<\/em>, from French golfe<\/em>)\u2018.\u00a0 Although this meaning of gulf<\/em> is recorded from about 1400 in the Oxford English Dictionary<\/em>, it is extremely rare in place names and this use in Oldham is not found in academic studies of the place names of the counties of north-west England.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREAVE<\/strong> is an area of Spotland<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It would seem that it takes its name from the Greave<\/em> family, who are recorded as owning land in the area, beginning with Ottiwell Greave, who purchased a \u2018messuage\u2019 in 1569.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREAVEFOLD <\/strong>is a residential area north-east of Romiley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The village is thought to have been originally built in the mid-18th<\/sup> century and the name is recorded in 1777.\u00a0 The name means the \u2018grove in a fold\u2019, from Old English gr<\/em>\u01e3fe<\/em> or gr<\/em>\u0101f <\/em>+ fald<\/em>, suggesting an enclosure for animals or people from the surrounding Pennine<\/strong> moors.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREENACRES, GREENACRES HILL <\/strong>and GREENACRES MOOR <\/strong>are all residential areas in north Oldham<\/strong>, about 11.25 kilometres north-east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The names are not well documented before 1620, when a stone cross was noted on the edge of Greenacres Moor.\u00a0 The name literally means \u2018green fields\u2019, from the Old English grene<\/em> + aecer\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018plot of cultivated land; measure of land which a yoke of oxen could plough in a day\u2019).<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

GREENBOOTH RESERVOIR <\/strong>is a large reservoir north of Heywood <\/strong>and south of the Naden<\/strong> Reservoirs in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>supplying water to Rochdale.<\/strong>\u00a0 It was completed in 1963 and involved the submerging of the village of Green<\/em> Booth<\/em>, which was established in the 1840s, when a weaving mill was built there, perhaps on the site of an old corn mill.\u00a0 The name comes from the Old English gr<\/em>\u0113ne<\/em> + Old Norse b\u016bth<\/em>, meaning \u2018a small or temporary shelter\u2019.\u00a0 The \u2018booths\u2019 may have provided shelter for those looking after cattle.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREEN END <\/strong>is a residential area of Burnage<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The place appears as a rural hamlet on the boundary between Burnage and Heaton Mersey<\/strong> in 1819 but its earlier history is not well documented.\u00a0 In 1923 Manchester City Council purchased 31.6 hectares of land in Burnage and subsequently built several estates on this land, including 354 houses on Green End Estate.\u00a0 The two elements \u2013 green<\/em> and end<\/em> \u2013 are clear enough but their combined meaning is uncertain.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREENFIELD <\/strong>is a small residential area north-east of Mossley<\/strong> on the edge of Saddleworth<\/strong> Moor in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It shares its name with Greenfield Brook, which meets Chew Brook<\/strong> above the village of Greenfield and then flows into the River Tame<\/strong>, and with Greenfield Reservoir, which was built in the early 1870s. The name is recorded in 1323 as Grenefeld<\/em> and literally means \u2018green field\u2019, or \u2018green open land\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREENGATE\u00a0<\/strong>is an inner-city suburb in the east of the City of Salford<\/strong> that is often said to be the heart or core of the city.\u00a0 Salford received its Borough Charter in 1230 and was at that time formed around three streets, one of which was Greengate, although it is not clear when the term came into use as early records call it Back Salford.\u00a0 The name evidently dates from mediaeval times as its name comes from the Old English grene<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a grassy spot, a village green\u2019) + Old Norse gata<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a road, a street\u2019), and would therefore mean \u2018the street by or leading to the green\u2019.\u00a0 Henry III gave Salford the right to hold a weekly market and an annual fair in 1228 and it is believed that these were held on a rectangular green on Greengate.\u00a0 In 1845 Engels suggested that the lanes of Greengate \u2018have certainly never been cleansed since they were built\u2019.\u00a0 The area is currently undergoing major regeneration.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREEN GRAIN <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises on the moor of the Peak District <\/strong>National Park in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>and flows north-west into Chew Reservoir, which then joins the Tame at Greenfield<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is little documented and probably means \u2018green<\/em> or grassy river fork\u2019 from Old English grein<\/em>, referring to the numerous tributaries of Chew Brook <\/strong>in this area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREENHEYS <\/strong>is an area south of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 It was formerly a residential area but it is now largely occupied by the Manchester Science Park.\u00a0 It takes its name from Greenheys<\/em>, a house built it 1791 by Thomas Quincey, father of the famous Manchester author, Thomas de Quincey (1785-1859).\u00a0 The house was originally named \u2018Greenhay Hall\u2019 by Mary Quincy to reflect its rural surroundings at the end of the 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Elizabeth Gaskell opened her 1848 novel \u2018Mary Barton\u2019 by contrasting rural Green Heys Fields with the \u2018bustling manufacturing town\u2019 of Manchester:\u00a0 \u2018Here in their seasons may be seen the country business of haymaking, ploughing, etc., which are such pleasant mysteries for townspeople to watch: and here the artisan, deafened with noise of tongues and engines, may come to listen awhile to the delicious sounds of rural life: the lowing of cattle, the milkmaid’s call, the clatter and cackle of poultry in the farmyards\u2019.\u00a0 The Quincy house was demolished in 1852 and the area deteriorated until it was cleared in the 1960s and 1970s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREEN HILL <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Green Hill is a common place name in England and it clearly derived from being on or nearby a green hill.\u00a0 Green Hill in Wigan<\/strong> is a small residential area 2.3 kilometres north of the town centre.\u00a0 It dates from the mid-19th<\/sup> century when there were just a few cottages on a green hill, one of them named Green Hill Cottage<\/em>.\u00a0 The current urban development, which takes its name from the area surrounding the cottage, mainly dates from the 1930s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREENLOW CROSS,<\/strong> GREENLOW MARSH<\/strong> and GREENLOW HEATH<\/strong> were all at one time part of land named simply as Greenlow or Grindlelow in an area south and east of Manchester<\/strong> in what are now Chorlton-on-Medlock<\/strong> and Gorton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name seems to date from the early 14th<\/sup> century but was divided in 1609 into Greenlow Heath in what is now Chorlton-on-Medlock and Greenlow Marsh or Cross in Gorton.\u00a0 The name simply means \u2018green hill\u2019 from Old English gr\u0113ne<\/em> + hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em>.\u00a0 The alternative spelling, Grindlelow, seems to be merely a corruption of Greenlow.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREENMOUNT <\/strong>is a village in Tottington<\/strong> in the north of the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is modern, dating from 1843, and is a re-spelling of Green Mount<\/em>, which is thought to be a rationalisation of the older Greenhalgh<\/em>.\u00a0 Greenhalgh<\/em> gets a passing mention in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Greneholf<\/em>, meaning \u2018green hollow\u2019, from Old English grene\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018a grassy spot\u2019) + holh<\/em> (\u2018hollow\u2019).\u00a0 The area was also formerly known as Nailer\u2019s Green.\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREENSIDE <\/strong>is a residential and recreational area west of Droylsden<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is found as field names on maps of the 1830s, with Far Greenside, Near Greenside, Greenside Hey, Greenside Croft and Greenside Field all labelled along Greenside Lane.\u00a0 The name is fairly literal:\u00a0 the green<\/em> or grassy hillside<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREENVALE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong> that rises in the Littleborough<\/strong> area of the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 Its course and name are not well documented.\u00a0 It is unnamed on early Ordnance Survey maps but Green Vale Mill appears by 1891 and Greenvale Business Park dates from the late 1990s or early 2000s.\u00a0 The name seems to be descriptive \u2013 \u2018the stream in the green valley\u2019<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GRINDLOW MARSH\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>LONGSIGHT<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GRISTLEHURST<\/strong> is an area and a forest in Heywood<\/strong> on the River Roch<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1336 as Gristelyhyrst<\/em> but Grislehurst<\/em> in some 19th<\/sup>-century accounts.\u00a0 The meaning is unclear.\u00a0 Old English hyrst<\/em> means \u2018a wooded hill\u2019 and Old English gristle<\/em> meant the same as modern English \u2018gristle\u2019, but why this was appropriate for the name of the settlement is uncertain.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GROSVENOR SQUARE<\/strong>, also known as All Saints Park<\/strong>, is a public garden in Chorlton-on-Medlock<\/strong>, south of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 Grosvenor Square and Grosvenor Street were laid out in about 1794 and named after Grosvenor Square<\/em> in London as part of the gentrification process of the area, in which fashionable and aristocratic names were given to new streets.\u00a0 Grosvenor Street in London was developed in 1725-31 by Sir Richard Grosvenor <\/em>(1689-1732), whose family name comes from the French meaning \u2018large or fat hunter\u2019.\u00a0 All Saints Church was built beside Grosvenor Square in 1820 and the churchyard and cemetery occupied much of Grosvenor Square until the 1930s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GROTTON <\/strong>is a suburb of Oldham<\/strong> to the east of Oldham town itself. The name can be traced back at least as far as the 15th<\/sup> century and means \u2018gravelly place\u2019, from Old English groten<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018sandy or gravelly soil\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GUIDE BRIDGE<\/strong> is an area of Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is said that its name comes from a bridge over the newly-built Ashton Canal in 1796.\u00a0 This bridge had a \u2018guide post\u2019 or sign post on it and this became the name of the surrounding village.\u00a0 The name was standardised in 1845 when the Sheffield Ashton-under-Lyne & Manchester Railway adopted it for a station that was originally named Ashton & Hooley Hill.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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H<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The H<\/strong>A\u00c7IENDA<\/strong> was a nightclub in Gaythorn<\/strong> in central Manchester <\/strong>which opened in 1982 and influenced what became known as the \u2018Madchester\u2019<\/strong> music scene.\u00a0 The name was inspired by a slogan of the Situationist International, a radical social movement of the 1950s, 60s and 70s \u2013 \u2018The Hacienda Must be Built\u2019, a cry for social and urban change.\u00a0 The name was popularised by Tony Wilson, a music promoter and co-founder of Factory Records, which owned the club.\u00a0 The club was closed in 1997, demolished in 2002 and a block of flats called \u2018The Ha\u00e7ienda Apartments\u2019 built on the site.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HACKING KNIFE<\/strong> is a gritstone promontory above Hyde <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 Its name is thought to derive from its knife<\/em>-like shape.\u00a0 It was formerly part of a farm owned by the Higham family but in 1920 62 hectares were purchased by Hyde Borough Council as a memorial to those killed in the First World War.\u00a0 An 8.4-metre granite obelisk was unveiled in 1921 and a plate commemorating those who died in the Second World War was added in 1963.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HAG FOLD<\/strong> is a residential area of Atherton <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> built on the site of Hag Fold Farm <\/em>in the 1930s.\u00a0 The name has been the source of much speculation and amusement but its origin has not been determined with any certainty.\u00a0 It is almost certain that it has nothing to do with witches and it seems likely, based on the names of other locations in Lancashire<\/strong>, that it comes from the Old Norse h<\/em>\u01eb<\/em>gg<\/em> or Old English hagga<\/em> meaning \u2018an area of trees to be felled or a clearing\u2019 + Old English fald<\/em>, \u2018an enclosure for animals\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HAGGATE <\/strong>is residential area of Royton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It shares its name with Haggate<\/em> in Lancashire<\/strong> but is otherwise not well documented and its meaning is uncertain.\u00a0 Folk etymology suggests that the name comes from an old woman who sat on a gate, but it is more likely to be Old English h<\/em>\u00e6c<\/em> (\u2018hatch\u2019) + geat <\/em>(\u2018gate, gap, pass\u2019), meaning a barred-gate that was the entrance to an estate or parish, or haga<\/em> (\u2018hawthorn\u2019) + Old Norse gata<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a road, a street\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The HAGUE<\/strong> is a hamlet south-east of Mottram in Longdendale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded as Haghe<\/em> in 1339, Haigh<\/em> in 1638 and The Hague<\/em> in 1831.\u00a0 It is related in meaning and etymology to Haigh <\/strong>in Wigan <\/strong>and The Hague, the capital of the Netherlands \u2013 haga<\/em>, meaning \u2018a hedged enclosure\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HAIGH <\/strong>is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1194 as Hage <\/em>but the modern spelling of Haigh<\/em> is found from 1581.\u00a0 The name is derived from the Old English haga<\/em>, meaning \u2018a hedge\u2019 and therefore \u2018an enclosure\u2019.\u00a0\u00a0 The village gives its name to the 100-hectare Haigh Woodland Park, which was originally a mediaeval estate which was laid out as gardens and woodland in the 1860s to hide mining activities.\u00a0 These were purchased by Wigan Corporation in 1945 and opened to the public in 1947.<\/p>\n

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HALE <\/strong>is a suburb of the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> which was formerly part of Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded as Hale <\/em>in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1), where it was said, \u2018There is woodland 1 league long and a half wide, and an enclosure, and a hawk\u2019s eyrie, and half an acre of meadow\u2019. \u00a00At that time, it also included Hale Barns<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name Hale<\/em> is from the Old English halh<\/em> meaning ‘nook or corner of land’, referring to areas of higher dry ground in the marshy areas along the River Bollin<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HALE BARNS<\/strong> is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford <\/strong>about 11 kilometres south-west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 Hale Barns was included within Hale<\/strong> in mediaeval times but was sufficiently prosperous by the late 16th<\/sup> century to be regarded as a separate settlement.\u00a0 The separate name is first recorded in 1616 as Halebarnes<\/em>.\u00a0 The barns<\/em> refer to the tithe barn that had been built to store the villagers\u2019 tithes \u2013 a tenth of all farm produce that was donated to the local church.\u00a0 Tithes made in kind were legally abolished in 1836 and the original tithe barn was demolished in 1848.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HALE MOSS<\/strong> today is a residential and recreational area north of Hale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 While Hale itself is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1), Hale Moss is not recorded on maps of the area until 1790, where it appears as a flood plain formed by Timperley <\/strong>Brook.\u00a0 The name is formed from Hale<\/em> (Old English halh<\/em> meaning ‘nook or corner of land’) + Moss <\/em>(mos<\/em>, \u2018marsh, bog\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HALF ACRE <\/strong>is a residential area of Whitefield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in parish records in 1849 but is thought to be named for a small group of weavers\u2019 cottages around Half Acre Lane<\/em>, referring to the approximate area of the plot on which they were built.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HALLAM CORONATION GARDEN <\/strong>is a small park in Davenport<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is named after Ephraim Hallam <\/em>(1812-1897), who built a cotton mill in Heaviley<\/strong> in 1859.\u00a0 He died in 1897 and bequeathed a small area adjacent to the mill to Stockport Council, which was laid out as Hallam Park in 1902.\u00a0 In 1953 the park was renamed Hallam Coronation Garden to commemorate the coronation<\/em> of Queen Elizabeth II.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HALL I\u2019 TH\u2019 WOOD <\/strong>is a museum in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally a manor house built in the 16th<\/sup> century by the Brownlow<\/strong> family and known as the Hall in the Wood<\/em>, which was rendered as Hall i\u2019 th\u2019 Wood in the local dialect.\u00a0 The building was used as a house of multiple occupancy by industrial families.\u00a0 The most famous occupant was Samuel Crompton<\/strong> (1753-1827), who invented his spinning mule for the manufacture of muslin in about 1779 while living in the hall, and this was known as the Hall i\u2019 th\u2019 Wood wheel at the time.\u00a0 The house was purchased by William Lever (later Lord Leverhulme<\/strong>) in 1899 and donated to Bolton Corporation in 1902.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HALLIWELL<\/strong> is a residential district of Bolton<\/strong>, originally included in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in about 1200 as Haliwalle<\/em>, from the Old English halig<\/em> + wella<\/em>, meaning \u2018holy well\u2019.\u00a0 This refers to an ancient spring which was found in the northern part of what is now Halliwell.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HALL LEE BROOK<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong> that rises west of Westhoughton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>. It flows through Hall Lee Bank Park and eventually joins the Mersey as the Glaze Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Lee Hall<\/em>, the mediaeval home of the Leigh (or Lee<\/em>, Leghe, Lighe) family.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HALO WEST <\/strong>is a 2.4-hectare logistics and industrial estate off Liverpool Road<\/strong> in Eccles<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong> that was given planning approval in 2025.\u00a0 It is one of several such developments across the UK that have been given the name Halo<\/em>, a term was first used in Kilmarnock in 2021.\u00a0 The name is taken from the Halo effect<\/em>, a term coined in 1920 by Edward Thorndike, and defined by him as \u2019a marked tendency to think of the person in general as rather good or rather inferior and to colour the judgments of the qualities by this general feeling\u2019.\u00a0 The term was initially used in educational psychology but it is now applied to regeneration initiatives where brownfield sites rise from the ashes of industrial waste and pollution.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HALSHAW MOOR<\/strong> is a residential area of Farnworth <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but it is thought that by 1604 the land belonged to Robtus de Halsall<\/em>, who gave his name to the village.\u00a0 The family took their name from Halsall, some 15 kilometres north-west of Halshaw, and the name may have been changed to Halshaw over time.\u00a0 A perhaps more straightforward derivation is that the name comes from the Old English halh<\/em> (\u2018flat piece of land beside a river\u2019) + shagh<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018woodland\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HAMER <\/strong>is an area of Wardleworth <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1572 as Hamer<\/em>, from the Old English hamor <\/em>or Old Norse hamarr<\/em>, meaning \u2018steep rock, cliff\u2019, which describes the location of the original village near a hill.\u00a0 Hamer lends its name to Hamer Pasture Reservoir, which was built in the 1860s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HAMPSON GREEN <\/strong>is a hamlet north-west of Haigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The place is not well documented but it shares its name with Hampson Green, a village south of Lancaster, whose meaning is thought to be \u2018the village of Pson, the son of Pusan\u2019, from Old English h<\/em>\u0101m<\/em> + Anglo-Saxon personal name Pson<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HANGING BRIDGE<\/strong> is an ancient sandstone bridge across Hanging Ditch, which used to connect the Irwell <\/strong>and the Irk<\/strong> south of Manchester<\/strong> Cathedral.\u00a0 It is recorded as Hengand Brigge<\/em> in 1343 although references to Hanging Ditch go back to 1316.\u00a0 The present bridge was built in 1421 on the site of an earlier bridge but the present bridge was covered over in 1682 and only uncovered in 1880.\u00a0 There are several theories for the origin of the name:\u00a0 that the original bridge was a Roman drawbridge hung from ropes; that it was an ancient public execution site (Old English hengen<\/em>\u00a0means \u2018gallows\u2019); or that it is sited on a slope (Old English hangende<\/em>).\u00a0 Other suggestions are that the name could refer to the curved shape of the ditch, or to hens found nearby, but the exact origin remains uncertain.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HANGING CHADDER <\/strong>is a hilly area north of Royton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1324 as Hengandechadre<\/em>, meaning \u2018steep hill\u2019, from the Old English hangende\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018hanging; steep\u2019) + the Celtic cader <\/em>(\u2018chair, hill\u2019).\u00a0\u00a0 Nearby Chadderton<\/strong> probably takes its name from Hanging Chadder.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HANGING LEES RESERVOIR<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> was built in 1858-68 as one of the six reservoirs (Ogden, Kitcliffe, Piethorne, Hanging Lees, Rooden<\/strong> and Norman Hill<\/strong>) built in the Piethorne Valley in the second half of the 19th<\/sup> century to supply water to Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Hanging Lees Farm and Hanging Lees Brook, both of which appear on the first Ordnance Survey maps of the area in the 1850s.\u00a0 The name means \u2018the steep (Old English hangende<\/em>, \u2018steep\u2019) pastures (Old English l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em>).\u00a0 The word reservoir <\/em>first appears in English in 1686, borrowed from the French r\u00e9servoir<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HANKINSON <\/strong>or \u2018HANKY PARK\u2019<\/strong> was a residential area of Pendleton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area developed in the second quarter of the 19th<\/sup> century and took its name from the local Hankinson<\/em> family.\u00a0 Robert Hankinson was listed as a calico manufacturer in 1825 and other members of the family later established businesses in the area around what became Hankinson Street, which was known as \u201cHanky Park\u201d.\u00a0 The area was flattened in the 1960s and high-rise blocks of flats built in place of the old terraced houses.\u00a0 Today only a street called Hankinson Way remains.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HAPPY VALLEY<\/strong> is a 17-hectare nature reserve along the Ladybrook<\/strong> valley between Norbury<\/strong> and Womanscroft <\/strong>Bridge in Bramhall<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 Happy Valley<\/em> was a term applied to several areas Britain in Victoria<\/strong>n times as places where industrial workers could enjoy fresh air and a natural landscape.\u00a0 The name is thought to have been applied to the Ladybrook valley in the late 19th<\/sup> century, and is recorded in a report in a local newspaper in 1888.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HARBOUR CITY <\/strong>is an office and residential area in the regeneration area of Salford Quays<\/strong> alongside Erie Basin (formerly Wharf 9).\u00a0 It was originally planned in the 1980s but was not developed until the 1990s to be ready for the Harbour City Metrolink stop at Harbour City, which opened on 6 December 1999.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HARCLES HILL<\/strong> is a 371-metre flat-topped hill west of Ramsbottom<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is also known as Holcombe<\/strong> Hill and is capped by the Peel Monument<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1236 as Arkilis<\/em> or Arkeles hou<\/em>, from the Old Norse personal name, Arnkell<\/em>, + haugr<\/em>, meaning \u2018hill\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HARDY<\/strong> was a hamlet in south Manchester<\/strong> that was combined with nearby Chorlton<\/strong> to form Chorlton-cum-Hardy<\/strong>, i.e. Chorlton-with-Hardy.\u00a0 Hardy is recorded separately in 1555 as Hardey <\/em>and is said to mean either \u2018Hearda\u2019s island\u2019 from the Old English personal name Hearda<\/em> + \u0113g <\/em>(\u2018island, river meadow\u2019) or \u2018hard island\u2019 from Old English heard<\/em> + \u0113g<\/em>.\u00a0 Although some claim that the combined name occurs as early as 1700, the date is usually given as 1842 and is said to have been promoted by Victorian residential property developers to distinguish Chorlton from Chorlton-on-Medlock<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

HARE HILL PARK <\/strong>is a 4-hectare public park in the centre of Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 It goes back to 1774, when Lawrence Newall purchased Town House, which was renamed Hare Hill House<\/em> at some point.\u00a0 The house was enlarged in 1870 but sold to Littleborough Urban District Council in 1900.\u00a0 The house became the town hall and the gardens became a public park.\u00a0 The name is believed to be literal \u2013 a hill<\/em> where hares<\/em> were found.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HARESHILL <\/strong>is a residential and commercial area of Heywood <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Hayshill<\/em> in 1847 and as Hareshill<\/em> in 1890.\u00a0 The name is thought to be quite literal, meaning \u2018the hill<\/em> where hares<\/em> are found\u2019, from Old English hara <\/em>+ hyll<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HARPER GREEN <\/strong>is a neighbourhood of Farnworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, about 20 kilometres north-west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is taken from the landowning Harper<\/em> or Harpur<\/em> family, who lived in the area in the 18th<\/sup> century and earlier.\u00a0 It is said that Green<\/em> comes not from the Old English gr\u0113ne<\/em>, meaning \u2018field, village green\u2019, but a bleaching green, a field used in textile manufacture where cloth was laid out to be bleached by the sun.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HARPURHEY<\/strong> is an inner-city suburb of the City of Manchester<\/strong>, about 5 kilometres north-east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1320 as Harpourley<\/em> and means \u2018Harpour\u2019s enclosure\u2019 from William Harpour<\/em>, who owned the area in the 14th<\/sup> century, + Old English hege<\/em> or h<\/em>\u00e6g<\/em>, meaning \u2018enclosure, hedge or hay\u2019.\u00a0 The area remained rural until the second quarter of the 19th<\/sup> century, when intensive cotton manufacture developed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HARRIDGE PIKE\u00a0<\/strong>is a 395-metre hill above the River Tame<\/strong> in Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded with its modern spelling in 1840 but may be older \u2013 perhaps a corruption of highridge<\/em>, from Old English h\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018high\u2019) + hrycg <\/em>(\u2018ridge\u2019) + pike <\/em>(\u2018pointed hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HARROP DALE, HARROP EDGE, HARROP GREEN <\/strong>and HARROP RIDGE<\/strong> are all rural localities to the north of Diggle<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>. \u00a0Harrop <\/em>is recorded with its modern spelling in 1274 and probably means \u2018hare\u2019s valley\u2019 from Old English hara<\/em> (\u2018hare\u2019) + hop<\/em> (\u2018small valley\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HARROP EDGE <\/strong>is a rural area west of Mottram in Longdendale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1360 as Harop<\/em>, as Harroppe Edge<\/em> in 1631 and with its modern spelling in 1831.\u00a0 It may mean \u2018ridge in hare\u2019s valley\u2019 from Old English hara<\/em> (\u2018hare\u2019) + hop<\/em> (\u2018small valley\u2019) + ecg<\/em> (\u2018ridge, escarpment\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HART COMMON <\/strong>is a village in Westhoughton <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1541 and would seem to refer to the local Hart <\/em>family, who lived in the area from the mid-15th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The family name is almost certainly taken from Old English heorot<\/em> (\u2018hart, stag\u2019) and indeed Hart Common golf club has a stag as its logo.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HARTSHEAD GREEN<\/strong>, originally HARTSHEAD<\/strong>, is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1200 as Hertesheud<\/em>, meaning \u2018hart\u2019s or deer\u2019s hill\u2019 from Old English heorot<\/em> (\u2018hart\u2019) + h\u0113afod<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019).\u00a0 The hill referred to is Hartshead Pike, which comes from the Old English pike <\/em>(\u2018pointed hill\u2019).\u00a0 The hill is thought to have been used as a beacon in mediaeval times and a tower was built near the top in 1751.\u00a0 The tower, or monument, was replaced in 1863 and now has a height of 290 metres.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HARWOOD<\/strong> and HARWOOD LEE<\/strong> are residential areas in northern Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded from 1212 as Harewode<\/em>, meaning \u2018grey wood\u2019, from Old English h<\/em>\u0101r <\/em>(\u2018grey, old\u2019) + wudu<\/em> (\u2018wood, forest, timber\u2019), or possibly \u2018wood where hares are found\u2019, from Old English hara<\/em> + wudu<\/em>.\u00a0 \u2018Lee\u2019 comes from Old English l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em>, meaning \u2018woodland clearing\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HASLAM PARK <\/strong>is a 2.2-hectare public park and nature reserve in Deane<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It lies on part of a large estate donated to the borough in 1908 by Mary Haslam<\/em> in memory of her father, John Haslam<\/em> (1823-1899), and his brother, Joseph, who had been born in Bolton in 1821.\u00a0 The Haslam brothers owned a cotton-manufacturing business in Preston.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HATHERLOW <\/strong>is a hamlet between Romiley <\/strong>and Bredbury<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The settlement dates from 1705, when non-conformists were evicted from Chadkirk <\/strong>and bought land in Hatherlow, opening their new chapel in 1706.\u00a0 The name means \u2018heather hill\u2019 from Old English h<\/em>\u01e3ddre <\/em>(\u2018heather\u2019) + hl<\/em>\u0101w <\/em>(\u2018hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HATHERSHAW\u00a0<\/strong>is a residential area in Oldham<\/strong>, just south of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1280 as Halselinechaw Clugh<\/em>, meaning \u2018heather-wood valley\u2019, from Old English h<\/em>\u01e3ddre <\/em>(\u2018heather\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018small wood, copse\u2019) + cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em> (\u2018ravine, valley\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HATTERSLEY <\/strong>is a residential area south of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, 16 kilometres east of Manchester.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1248 as Hattirsleg<\/em>, meaning \u2018wood of the stags\u2019, from Old English h\u0113ah-d\u0113or<\/em> (\u2018high deer\u2019 i.e. \u2018antlered-stag, hart\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018woodland, clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HAUGH<\/strong> is a small residential area east of Newhey<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1549 as le Halcht<\/em>, meaning \u2018enclosure\u2019, from the Old English halh<\/em> or haga<\/em>.\u00a0 Haugh gives its name to Haugh Brook, a tributary of Piethorne Brook<\/strong>, which feeds the six reservoirs of the Piethorne Valley.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HAUGHTON<\/strong> is a residential area of eastern Denton<\/strong>, often divided into Haughton Green in the north and Haughton Dale in the south, in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1307 as Halghton<\/em>, meaning \u2018settlement in a nook\u2019, from Old English halh<\/em> (\u2018corner, nook\u2019, often in reference to a hollow in a river bend) + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018village, enclosure\u2019), referring to the bend in the River Tame<\/strong>, which Haughton overlooks.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

HAULGH <\/strong>is a residential area in Bolton<\/strong>, often linked administratively and politically with Tonge<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1332 as Halgh<\/em>, from the Old English English halh<\/em> (\u2018corner, nook\u2019, often in reference to a hollow in a river bend), referring to the tongue (hence Tonge) of land between the Rivers Tonge <\/strong>and Croal<\/strong> on which both Tonge and Haulgh lie.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HAVELEY HEY <\/strong>was a rural area in Northern Etchells<\/strong> in Cheshire<\/strong> which was absorbed into Wythenshawe<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong> in the 1930s.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1318 as Alveleyhey<\/em>, meaning \u2018enclosure at \u00c6lfa\u2019s<\/em> clearing\u2019, from an Anglo-Saxon personal name + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018clearing\u2019) + haeg\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018enclosure\u2019).\u00a0 Today, the name is retained in a park, a school and a road in Benchill<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HAWK GREEN<\/strong> is a village south of Marple<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 A map of 1817 records the name as Half Green and this name survives in the street name Half Acre Terrace, presumably referring to a mediaeval farm or field.\u00a0 By 1840 the name was recorded as Hawk Green from the Old English hafoc<\/em> (\u2018hawk\u2019) + gr<\/em>\u0113ne<\/em>, recalling an older name of Hawk Field and suggesting an area where hawks were found or kept, perhaps for hunting.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HAWKLEY <\/strong>is a residential area on the southern edge of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1512 as Hawkley<\/em>, meaning \u2018hawk\u2019s glade\u2019, from Old English hafoc<\/em> (\u2018hawk\u2019) + l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018woodland, clearing\u2019).\u00a0 Hawkley shares its name with Hawkley Brook, a tributary of the River Douglas<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

HAWKSHAW <\/strong>is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1218 as Hauekesheghe<\/em>, meaning \u2018hawk wood\u2019, from the Old English hafoc<\/em> (\u2018hawk\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018small wood, copse\u2019).<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

HAZEL GROVE<\/strong> is a suburb in the south of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The village was originally called Bullock Smithy<\/strong>, but it got a reputation for unruly behaviour and in 1836 the name was changed to the more aspirational Hazel Grove<\/em>.\u00a0 There is disagreement as to whether the name literally means \u2018a grove where hazels grow\u2019 or whether it is a revival of an older name.\u00a0 The older name was Hesselgrove<\/em> or Hesselgrave<\/em>, which is recorded in 1690, a name meaning \u2018the gravel pit belonging to someone called Hesse<\/em>l\u2019.\u00a0 The name Hazel Grove was standardised in 1857 when the London & North Western Railway adopted it for the station built there.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HAZELHURST <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0There are at least three places named Hazelhurst in Greater Manchester \u2013 in Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong>, Ramsbottom <\/strong>and Swinton<\/strong> – all meaning \u2018hill covered with hazel trees\u2019, from Old English haesel<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018hazel-tree\u2019) + hyrst<\/em> (\u2018wooded hill\u2019).\u00a0 Hazelhurst in Swinton is a residential area in the City of Salford <\/strong>and was recorded in 1325 as Haselhirst.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEADY HILL <\/strong>is a village west of Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears on a map of 1785 and is said to derive from the old English heafod<\/em>, referring to a promontory or head<\/em>land, or a piece of land that is the source (\u2018head<\/em>\u2019) of a stream.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEALD GREEN<\/strong>\u00a0is a suburb of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears only in 1841 and was standardised when the London & North Western Railway opened a station there in 1909.\u00a0 The origins of the name are uncertain.\u00a0 One possibility is that it takes its name from Leuk del Helde<\/em>, who was living in the area in 1289 and whose family name may be derived from the Middle English helde<\/em>, meaning \u2018slope\u2019.\u00a0 Another theory is that the name comes from a heald<\/em> or heddle<\/em>, a weaving device that is first recorded in 1483.\u00a0 This theory is supported by the fact that there were known to be weavers\u2019 cottages in the area from the late 18th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEALDS GREEN <\/strong>is a small village north of Chadderton <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded from 1789, when a Methodist chapel was built there.\u00a0 The origin of the name is uncertain, but, given the terrain, may be from Old English helde<\/em>, meaning \u2018a steep slope\u2019.\u00a0 It has also been suggested that it could be an eponym:\u00a0 the village green belonging to someone called Heald<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEALEY,<\/strong> HEALEY DELL NATURE RESERVE <\/strong>and HEALEY NAB<\/strong>.\u00a0 Healey is an area of the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> which was formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded as Helei <\/em>in 1215 and means \u2018the high lea\u2019, from the Old English heah<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a high place, a height\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a glade, clearing\u2019).\u00a0 Nearby are the Healey Dell Nature Reserve, through which the River Spodden<\/strong> flows, and Healey Nab, a 208-metre hill that takes its name from the Old Norse nabbi<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a peak, a knoll, a hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEAP BRIDGE <\/strong>is an area in Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>, formerly part of Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Heap was a township on the south bank of the River Roch<\/strong> and is first recorded in 1278 as Hep<\/em> in 1226 and Hepe<\/em> in 1278.\u00a0 The name is taken from Old English h\u0113ap<\/em> meaning \u2018heap or pile\u2019 and, by extension, \u2018hill\u2019.\u00a0 Heap itself was absorbed into Heywood in 1894 but Heap Bridge survives as a locality.\u00a0 It is documented as Heipp brige<\/em> in 1551 and the original bridge was replaced by a stone bridge in 1884.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEATHFIELDS <\/strong>is a residential area east of Uppermill<\/strong> in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1724, although some of its buildings date from more than a century earlier.\u00a0 It means \u2018open fields in the heath\u2019 from Old English h<\/em>\u01e3th<\/em> + feld<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEATON\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>There are several Heatons in Greater Manchester<\/strong>, all meaning \u2018place on high land\u2019 and taking their names from the Old English h\u0113ah<\/em>, \u2018high\u2019 + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>, \u2018settlement\u2019.\u00a0 The name is first mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Hietun<\/em>, but this seems to refer to what is now Heaton-with-Oxcliffe in the Lune Valley in what is still Lancashire<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEATON <\/strong>or HEATON-UNDER-HORWICH <\/strong>is a residential area of the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The township was created in the 12th<\/sup> century and is recorded as Heton<\/em> in 1227 and Heton under Horewich<\/em> in 1332.\u00a0 The latter name was and is used to distinguish it from other Heatons in the region.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEATON CHAPEL <\/strong>is an area in Heaton Norris<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It received its name following the construction of St Thomas\u2019s Anglican church in 1765.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEATON MERSEY <\/strong>is the most western of the four Heatons in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, all north of the town itself.\u00a0 Heaton Mersey means \u2018farm or enclosure on the high land overlooking the River Mersey<\/em>\u2019, which rises in Stockport and formerly separated Lancashire<\/strong> from Cheshire<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEATON MOOR<\/strong> is one of the four Heatons in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 Heaton Moor Road<\/em> was part of Heaton Norris<\/strong> that still runs north-east towards the moors to the east of Stockport.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEATON NORRIS<\/strong> is a northern suburb of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> and the oldest of the four Stockport Heatons.\u00a0 It is recorded as Hetton<\/em> in 1196 and as Heton Norays <\/em>in 1282.\u00a0 Heaton<\/em> is derived from the Old English h\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018high\u2019) and –t<\/em>\u016bn <\/em>(farmstead), and Norris was a Norman landowner named William le Norreys<\/em>, who owned the land overlooking the River Mersey<\/strong> in 1162-1180.\u00a0 Heaton Norris originally covered all four of the Heatons, but three evolved with separate names \u2013 Heaton Chapel<\/strong>, Heaton Mersey<\/strong> and Heaton Moor<\/strong> \u2013 in the 18th<\/sup> and 19th<\/sup> centuries, and the separate names were standardised by their separate railway stations.<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

HEATON PARK<\/strong> is a 262-hectare public park \u2013 the largest in Greater Manchester<\/strong> and one of the largest in Britain.\u00a0 The park formerly formed the estate of Heaton Hall but was taken over by the City of Manchester<\/strong> and opened to the public in 1902.\u00a0 The park takes its name from the local township of Great Heaton, a name meaning \u2018place on high land\u2019, dating from about 1200, and is now a suburb of Bolton<\/strong> usually known simply as Heaton.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEAVILEY <\/strong>is a suburb of eastern Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1283 as Hethylegh<\/em>, meaning \u2018heathy clearing\u2019, from the Old English h<\/em>\u01e3thig<\/em> (\u2018heathy\u2019) + –l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018clearing\u2019).\u00a0 The meaning of the name suggests the origin of the settlement.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEBERS <\/strong>and TOP OF HEBERS <\/strong>are both residential areas in north-western Middleton <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 Hebers House dates from about 1750 and the Top of Hebers workhouse had been established by 1776.\u00a0 The name comes from the Heber<\/em> family, who were prominent landowners in the area and residents of Hollins<\/strong> Hall in the 17th<\/sup> and 18th<\/sup> centuries.\u00a0 A later member of the family, unconnected to Middleton, was Reginald Heber (1783-1826), the second Bishop of Calcutta.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEIGHTS <\/strong>is a hamlet formerly known as Friarmere<\/strong> overlooking Delph<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 The name describes its position about 366 metres above the Hull Brook<\/strong> valley and dates from the 18th<\/sup> century:\u00a0 in 1765 St Thomas\u2019s church was built in Friarmere and given the name Heights Chapel<\/em>, and in 1767 the Punch Bowl pub (later the Royal Oak) was opened and this was also known as Th\u2019 Heights<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEMPSHAW BROOK<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Goyt <\/strong>that was historically also known as Stockport Brook.\u00a0 It is thought to rise in Hazel Grove<\/strong> and to join the Goyt in Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1362 as Impeshagh <\/em>and with its modern spelling from 1842.\u00a0 It means \u2018sapling copse\u2019, from Old English impa <\/em>(\u2018young shoot, sapling\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HESKETH PARK <\/strong>is a small park in Cheadle Hulme<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is sited on land donated by William Bamford Hesketh<\/em>, who built the Hesketh Arms Hotel (originally called \u2018The Horse and Jockey\u2019) in Cheadle Hulme in 1864.\u00a0 The hotel later became a pub.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEY BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong> that rises south-east of Wigan<\/strong> close to Bamfurlong<\/strong>.\u00a0 It flows south-east to Pennington Flash Country Park<\/strong> and then east to become Pennington Brook, which joins the River Glaze<\/strong> near Lately Common in Warrington.\u00a0 Hey<\/em> comes from the Old English h<\/em>\u00e6g<\/em> meaning \u2018an enclosure\u2019 and is very common in place and street names across Greater Manchester<\/strong>, but it has not been possible to identify or date a particular hey<\/em> that gives its name to Hey Brook.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEYHEAD <\/strong>was a village in Northern Etchells<\/strong>, formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>, but was incorporated into the City of Manchester<\/strong> in 1931 and displaced by the expansion of Manchester International Airport<\/strong> in the 1990s.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the mid-17th<\/sup> century and means \u2018the top of an enclosure\u2019 from Old English h\u00e6g<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019) + h\u0113afod <\/em>(\u2018head, headland, end of a ridge\u2019).\u00a0 The last few houses were demolished in the 1990s and the name then disappeared from modern maps.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEYHEADS<\/strong> is in eastern Stalybridge <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but means \u2018the top of an enclosure\u2019, from Old English h<\/em>\u00e6g<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019) + h\u0113afod <\/em>(\u2018head, headland, end of a ridge\u2019), presumably referring to its position overlooking the valley of the River Tame<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEYROD<\/strong> is a village in the Stalybridge<\/strong> area of the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1246 as Heyerode<\/em>, meaning \u2018high clearing\u2019, from Old English heah<\/em> (\u2018high\u2019) + rodu <\/em>(\u2018clearing\u2019), describing the village\u2019s position in a forested area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEYSIDE <\/strong>is a residential area east of Royton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but the original settlement dates from the Middle Ages and means \u2018somewhere high (Old English h<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em>) on a hillside (side<\/em>)\u2019, referring to its position overlooking Royton.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEYWOOD <\/strong>is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and was formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1246 as Heghwode<\/em>.\u00a0 This name has been variously interpreted:\u00a0 the second element is clearly from the Old English wudu<\/em> \u2018wood\u2019, but the first element might be Old English h\u0113ah<\/em>, \u2018high\u2019 or hege, h<\/em>\u00e6g<\/em>, \u2018hedge\u2019, so that the name would mean either \u2018high woods\u2019 or \u2018enclosed or fenced wood\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGGINSHAW <\/strong>is an industrial area of north Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but it has been suggested that it means \u2018Richard\u2019s wood\u2019, from Higg<\/em> (a mediaeval diminutive of Richard) + sceaga<\/em> (‘wood, copse\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGH CROMPTON\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> CROMPTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER BARROWSHAW <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> BARROWSHAW<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER BLACKLEY \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0See<\/em> BLACKLEY<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER BOARSHAW <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> BOARSHAW<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER BROUGHTON\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> BROUGHTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER CRUMPSALL\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> CRUMPSALL<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER DUNISHBOOTH\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>DUNISHBOOTH<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER END<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> BILLINGE<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

HIGHER GREEN <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> ASTLEY <\/strong>and ASTLEY GREEN<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER HARTSHEAD\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> HARTSHEAD GREEN<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER HURST\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> HURST<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER INCE \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> INCE-IN-MAKERFIELD<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER NADEN RESERVOIR <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> NADEN<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER OPENSHAW \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0See<\/em> OPENSHAW<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER RUSHCROFT\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> RUSHCROFT<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER STAKE HILL <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> STAKEHILL <\/strong>or STAKE HILL<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER SUMMERSEAT\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> SUMMERSEAT<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER WOODHILL\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> WOODHILL<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER OGDEN\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> OGDEN<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER SWINESHAW RESERVOIR\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> SWINESHAW<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHFIELD, Farnworth,<\/strong> is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name describes the location and refers particularly to Highfield Farm<\/em>, which is recorded in the 19th<\/sup> century and remained as a working farm into the 1970s.\u00a0 Residential development of the area apparently dates from the 1930s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHFIELD, Pemberton, <\/strong>is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name literally describes the location, which overlooks Smithy Brook<\/strong> and the surrounding area.\u00a0 Some buildings in the area date back to the 16th<\/sup> century but it is uncertain when the area was given its name.\u00a0 Highfield was developed as an industrial and residential from the late 18th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGH LANE<\/strong> is a village on the Macclesfield Canal 8 kilometres south-east of Stockport<\/strong> and in Cheshire <\/strong>until 1974.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1690 as Ho Lane<\/em> and with its modern spelling in 1842.\u00a0 Its original meaning was \u2018the lane leading to the hill spur\u2019, from the Old English h<\/em>\u014dh <\/em>(\u2018a heel; a slightly projecting piece of ground\u2019) + lane<\/em> (\u2018secondary road\u2019).\u00a0 The \u2018hoe\u2019 is the small hill on which Disley in Cheshire stands and this element was gradually rationalised to \u2018high\u2019.\u00a0 The \u2018lane\u2019 is now the A6 Buxton Road.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGH RID RESERVOIR <\/strong>is a small reservoir some 5 kilometres west of Bolton<\/strong>, built in 1892 to supply water to the town.\u00a0 It takes its name from the nearby High Rid Farm<\/em>, which is recorded on the Ordnance Survey map of the area in the 1850s.\u00a0 The meaning of Rid<\/em> is uncertain, but suggestions are Old English r\u04efd<\/em>, meaning \u2018clearing\u2019, or dialect rigg<\/em>, \u2018ridge\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHTOWN <\/strong>is a residential area of the City of Manchester<\/strong> north of Cheetham<\/strong> and bordering on Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name seems to be modern and is difficult to find on maps before the 1950s.\u00a0 However, it is said to have been a centre for the Jewish community during the first half of the 20th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name is quite literal, referring to the higher ground above inner-city areas such as Strangeways<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HILL TOP <\/strong>or HILL TOP MOSS <\/strong>is a residential and recreational area of Walkden<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name seems to be taken from Hill Top Road<\/em>, which ascends from Worsley <\/strong>to Bolton <\/strong>and describes the landscape of the area.\u00a0 Hill Top Farm is shown on the 1848 Ordnance Survey map and Moss Pit colliery was recorded as being sunk \u2019near Hill Top\u2019 in 1799-1801.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HILTON HOUSE <\/strong>is a hamlet south of Horwich<\/strong> near Blackrod<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1838, although the country house itself is said to have been built in the late 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name was standardised when it was adopted as the name for a station by the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway in 1858.\u00a0 The house was originally owned by the Hilton<\/em> family, who had been prominent landowners in the area since the Middle Ages.\u00a0 The house was extended and converted into a hotel in 2006 and renamed \u2018The Georgian House\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HILTON PARK <\/strong>is a recreational and residential area south of Prestwich<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1838 with the building of Hilton House on Hilton Lane<\/em>, which takes its name from the Hilton<\/em> family, who had been landowners in the area in the Middle Ages.\u00a0 By 1857 the grounds of Hilton House were labelled as Hilton Park and, although the house had been demolished by 1932, the park remains, with much of it occupied by Prestwich golf course.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HINDLEY<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, about 5 kilometres east of Wigan town centre.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1212 as Hindele <\/em>and with its modern spelling in 1479.\u00a0 The name means \u2018wood or clearing of the hinds\u2019 from Old English hind <\/em>(\u2018hind, doe\u2019) + l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018clearing, meadow\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HINDS <\/strong>and LOWER HINDS <\/strong>are located beside the River Irwell<\/strong> and the Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal south of Elton <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 They are not well documented before the end of the 18th<\/sup> century:\u00a0 Hinds Mill was originally opened in the 1780s or perhaps earlier and Hinds Lane Wharf dates from the 1790s with the opening of the canal.\u00a0 The origin of the name is unclear:\u00a0 it could be an eponym but no Hind<\/em> or Hinds<\/em> family has been traced in the area, or, given the number of places named after deer in the north of Greater Manchester<\/strong>, it could be from Old English hind <\/em>(\u2018hind, doe\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HINDSFORD<\/strong> is a small residential area on the south-eastern edge of Atherton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the 1820s, when Hindsford House was built.\u00a0 Hindsford lies west of Hindsford Brook<\/em>, a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong> and the River Mersey<\/strong>, and presumably takes its name from the stream.\u00a0 Hindsford Brook was formerly known Goderic Brook after a Saxon saint, but it cannot be confirmed when the name was changed.\u00a0 The name means \u2018ford of the hinds or does\u2019 from Old English hind <\/em>+ ford.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOAR BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises on Broadhead Moss<\/strong> in the Peak District <\/strong>National Park in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows north-west through Hoar Clough<\/em> to meet North Brook<\/strong>, which then flows into Diggle Brook, meeting the Tame near Diggle<\/strong>.\u00a0 Hoar Clough is recorded on the Ordnance Survey map of 1843 and means \u2018grey (Old English h<\/em>\u0101r<\/em>) ravine (cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOCKERY BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Douglas<\/strong> which rises north of Hindley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, flows north-east and ultimately meets the Douglas.\u00a0 The name is a corruption of ocrie\/ochrey<\/em>, meaning \u2019like ochre<\/em>, yellowish\u2019 because it was stained yellow or orange by water pumped from iron mines in the area.\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HODGE FOLD<\/strong> and HODGE LANE DYE VATS<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0Hodge Fold is a rural area on the River Etherow<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1655 as Hodge Hall<\/em> and the Hodge Lane Dye Vats date from the late 18th<\/sup> century, when they were used for bleaching cloth at the Hodge Textile Works beside the Etherow.\u00a0 The origin of Hodge<\/em> is uncertain but may be an eponym:\u00a0 Hodge was a mediaeval shortening of Roger<\/em> that was originally used as a nickname for an agricultural labourer.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLCOMBE <\/strong>and HOLCOMBE BROOK<\/strong> are neighbouring villages in Ramsbottom<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 Both are situated on Holcombe Moor but take their name from the valley of Holcombe Brook \u2013 Old English hol<\/em> (\u2018hole, hollow\u2019) + cumb<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019) \u2013 found in 1236 as Holecumbam<\/em>, referring to the valley at the foot of nearby Holcombe Hill.\u00a0 On top of Holcombe Hill (also known as Harcles Hill<\/strong>) is Holcombe Tower, a monument to Sir Robert Peel<\/strong> (1788-1850), prime minister and founder of the modern police (the \u2018peelers\u2019), who was born in Bury.\u00a0 Holcombe Brook, a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong>, rises near Pot Green<\/strong> and flows south-east to join the Irwell at Brooksbottoms<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLDEN FOLD <\/strong>is a residential area of Royton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> where some of the earliest water-powered cotton mills were built in the 1790s.\u00a0 The name comes from the Holden<\/em> family, who are known to have settled as landowners in the 16th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The family were still operating cotton mills in the late 19th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLE BOTTOM BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irk<\/strong> that rises north of Hollinwood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and then joins Bower Brook<\/strong> in Failsworth<\/strong> to form Moston Brook<\/strong>, which eventually empties into the Irk near Smedley<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded on the first Ordnance Survey maps of the area in 1848-51 but is probably much older.\u00a0 It means \u2018the stream (Old English br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em>) flowing through a hollow (hol<\/em>) in the bottom (botm<\/em>) of the valley\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLLIN BROWN KNOLL <\/strong>is found on Saddleworth<\/strong> Moor in the Peak District <\/strong>National Park in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded on the Ordnance Survey map of 1843 but the derivation is not completely clear:\u00a0 Hollin<\/em> comes from the Old English holegn<\/em>, meaning \u2018holly\u2019, and knoll<\/em> from Old English cnoll<\/em>, \u2018hillock\u2019, but the meaning of Brown<\/em> is uncertain.\u00a0 It could literally mean \u2018brown\u2019 from Old English br<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>, but perhaps more likely is that it is from Old Norse br<\/em>\u00fan<\/em>, meaning \u2018brow, moor\u2019, so that the meaning would be something like \u2019the brow of the hill where holly is found\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLLINGWORTH <\/strong>is a village north-east of Hyde<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, about 20 kilometres east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Holisurde<\/em> and with its modern spelling by the end of the 13th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It means \u2018an enclosure or homestead surrounded by holly trees\u2019, from Old English holegn<\/em> + worth<\/em>.\u00a0 \u00a0Hollingworth gives its name to Hollingworth Brook, which flows south into Hollingworth Lake<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLLINGWORTH LAKE<\/strong> is a reservoir and country park in Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, which is fed from the north by Hollingworth Brook and its tributaries.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1278 as Holyenworth<\/em> and with its modern spelling in 1843.\u00a0 The 53-hectare reservoir was originally built in 1800 to supply the Rochdale Canal, but was later developed as a recreational and tourist facility.\u00a0 It means \u2018an enclosure or homestead surrounded by holly trees\u2019, from Old English holegn<\/em> + worth<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLLINS, Bury<\/strong>, along with HOLLINS VALE<\/strong> and HOLLINS BROOK<\/strong>, all lie north-west of Unsworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 Hollins itself is a suburb of Bury, south of the town centre, Hollins Vale is a local nature reserve with woodland planted in 1848-93, and Hollins Brook is a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1756, when a Jacob Fletcher leased an estate known as The Hollins.<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0 Like many other places formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>, it is derived from Old English holegn<\/em>, meaning \u2018holly trees\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLLINS <\/strong>and HOLLINS GREEN, Oldham, <\/strong>are localities south and south-west of the town.\u00a0 They share their name with other places that are or were in Lancashire<\/strong>, all derived from Old English holegn<\/em>, meaning \u2018holly trees\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLLINS, Rochdale,<\/strong> is a residential area in north-west Middleton.<\/strong> The name is recorded in 1843 and is derived from Old English holegn<\/em>, meaning \u2018holly trees\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The HOLLINS, Wigan <\/strong>is residential area of Hindley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the parsonage that was built there in the mid-18th<\/sup> century and means \u2018the holly trees\u2019 from Old English holegn.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLLINWOOD<\/strong> is a residential area of Oldham<\/strong>, south-west of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1713, when Hollinwood Moor was divided between Oldham and Chadderton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name means \u2018holly wood\u2019, from the Old English holegn<\/em> (\u2018holly\u2019) + wudu<\/em> (\u2018wood, forest\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLLY GROVE<\/strong> is a hamlet south-east of Diggle<\/strong> in the Saddleworth<\/strong> area of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1272 as Holyngreue<\/em>, as Hollingreave<\/em> in 1723, and as Hollin Grove<\/em> in 1771.\u00a0 The name means \u2018holly copse\u2019 or \u2018holly thicket\u2019 from the Old English holegn<\/em> + gr\u0101f<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLLYWOOD END <\/strong>is a hamlet north of Mellor <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1433 as Holywodehede<\/em> but as Hollywood End<\/em> by 1650.\u00a0 Hollywood literally means \u2018wood of holly trees\u2019, from Old English holegn<\/em> + wudu.\u00a0 <\/em>The original -hede<\/em> would probably come from the Old English heafod<\/em>, which could mean \u2018headland\u2019 but, as the hamlet lies at the top of Hollywood Road, it is more likely that it would mean just \u2018end, top\u2019 of the road.\u00a0 This meaning would fit with the later and modern rendering of Hollywood End, again meaning \u2018end or top of Hollywood Road\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLLYWOOD PARK<\/strong> is a 4.9-hectare public park in Edgeley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally the grounds of Hollywood House<\/em>, a country house built in the late 18th<\/sup> or early 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The house itself was demolished in 1897 but the grounds were opened to the public in 1893.\u00a0 The name is taken from the holly <\/em>that is common in much of Greater Manchester<\/strong> and which is celebrated in so many place names.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLME BROOK <\/strong>and HOLME CLOUGH\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Holme Brook is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises in West Yorkshire<\/strong> in the Peak District <\/strong>National Park and flows west through Holme Clough to join Greenfield<\/strong> Brook, which then goes on to meet the Tame.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1468 as Holme-clogh-hede<\/em>, meaning \u2018the head (Old English h<\/em>\u0113afod<\/em>) of the deep valley (Old English cl\u014dh<\/em>) with river meadows (Old Scandinavian holmr<\/em>, \u2018raised ground in a marsh, river meadow\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLT LANE END<\/strong> is a residential area on the edge of Failsworth<\/strong> at the end<\/em> of Holt Lane<\/em> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1865, when the Macedonia Church established a Sunday School there.\u00a0 The origin of the name is uncertain.\u00a0 One theory is that Holt Lane is named after David Holt<\/em> (c.1764-1846), who may have built a cotton mill near Failsworth at the end of the 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 However, no cotton mills are shown on 19th<\/sup>-century maps of the area and the presence of Holt Lane Farm confirms that it was still a rural area.\u00a0 According to the second theory, the name is derived from the Old English holt<\/em>, meaning \u2018wood, thicket\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLTS <\/strong>is a residential area south-east of Oldham<\/strong>, east of the River Medlock<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is said that the area is named after the Holt<\/em> family, who were landowners in the area from the 17th<\/sup> century and who may have been related to the Holts of Rochdale<\/strong>, who purchased property in Spotland<\/strong> and Naden<\/strong> in the 1530s.\u00a0 In the 19th<\/sup> century they owned Holts Mill, which processed cotton waste for explosives.\u00a0 The mill closed in 1918 and the Holts estate was built in the 1950s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLT TOWN<\/strong> is an inner-city area of eastern Manchester<\/strong> within a bend on the River Medlock<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from David Holt <\/em>(c.1764-1846), who established a complex of mills and workers\u2019 housing in 1785 in what was then a rural area.\u00a0 Holt went bankrupt but the name Holt Town persisted.\u00a0 Holt Town is now planned as a regeneration area by the City of Manchester<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOME <\/strong>is an arts centre with cinemas and theatres close to Manchester<\/strong> city centre, opened in 2015.\u00a0 Before the opening, a survey was carried out to choose a name and the results showed that \u2018Home<\/em><\/a>\u00a0<\/em>was a word which recurred often when people were asked what the new organisation should be \u2013 a second home, somewhere you feel at home, the home of great work\u2019.\u00a0 Outside is a statue of Friedrich Engels (1820-1895) to commemorate his contribution to exposing \u2018The Condition of the Working Class in England\u2019, a book he wrote in Manchester in 1842-1844.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HONKSFORD BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises north of Mosley Common<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and flows south-west to join Ellenor Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented.\u00a0 One possibility is that it is an eponym, taking its name from a ford<\/em> on land owned by someone called Honk<\/em>, but this cannot be confirmed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOOLEY BRIDGE<\/strong> is a small village on the banks of the River Roch<\/strong> near Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but it is clear that the village takes its name from a bridge over the Roch that dates back at least as far as 1718.\u00a0 However, an earlier document refers to Wooley Bridge<\/em>, which was repaired in about 1635.\u00a0 There are several places named Wooley or Woolley and it is said that the name usually means \u2018wolves\u2019 wood or clearing\u2019, from Old English wulfa <\/em>(\u2018of wolves\u2019) + –l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018wood or clearing\u2019).\u00a0 Wolves are generally thought to have become extinct in England by about the start of the 16th<\/sup> century, and the last were found in the forests of Lancashire<\/strong> and the Derbyshire<\/strong> Peak District<\/strong>, so that wolves might well have been found in the Roch valley in mediaeval times.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOOLEY HILL<\/strong> is a locality in Audenshaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but it is recorded in 1795 as a village where several people were employed in hat manufacture, and various mills and factories were established in the 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The origin of the name is not clear but it is possible that it is an eponym as the family name Hooley<\/em> was quite common in Lancashire <\/strong>and Derbyshire<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOOTEN GARDENS <\/strong>is modern residential area on the south-eastern edge of Leigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Hooten Lane<\/em>, which was formerly called Lancashires Lane after a local family.\u00a0 The derivation of Hooten is undocumented but it would seem to be a variation of Houghton, meaning \u2018farm on a spur of a hill\u2019, from Old English h<\/em>\u014dh<\/em> + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOPE<\/strong> is a locality in Eccles<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded as Le Hope<\/em> in the 13th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It is taken from the Old English hop<\/em>, meaning \u2018a remote valley\u2019 and indeed Gilda Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the Irwell<\/strong>, flows through the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOPE MILL THEATRE<\/strong> is located in the Ancoats <\/strong>area of the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is situated in Hope Mill, a cotton and fustian mill originally built in 1824 by Joseph Clarke and said to have been named after his wife, Anne Hope<\/em> Ames.\u00a0 The mill was derelict by the mid-20th<\/sup> century but was then redeveloped as a heritage site and reopened as Hope Mill Theatre in November 2015.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

HOPWOOD <\/strong>is a suburb of Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1278 as Hopwode <\/em>and is thought to mean \u2018wooded valley\u2019 or \u2018wood in a valley\u2019, derived from Old English hop<\/em> (\u2018remote valley\u2019) + wudu<\/em> (\u2018wood, forest\u2019).\u00a0 Hopwood is located in Hopwood Clough, which is just such a wooded valley.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HORRIDGE BROOK <\/strong>is (or was) a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The stream rises in Farnworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong> and flows east and north-east for 424 metres to meet the Irwell near Prestolee<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the mid-19th<\/sup> century but it may mean \u2018brook by the muddy ridge\u2019 from Old English horu<\/em> (\u2018dirt, filth\u2019) + ric<\/em> (\u2018narrow ridge\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HORROCKS <\/strong>is an area of Manchester<\/strong> north-east of the city centre, west of the River Irk<\/strong>.\u00a0 At one time it was divided between Great Horrocks and Little Horrocks, but only Great Horrocks appears on modern maps.\u00a0 The name is found first in 1836 with the opening of Dolphin public baths in Horrocks in Red Bank<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is said to come from Old English hurrock<\/em>, meaning \u2018a piled-up heap of loose stones or rubbish\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HORROCKS\u2019 FLASH <\/strong>is a small man-made lake near Platt Bridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> that forms one of the seven \u2018flashes\u2019 of Wigan Flashes Nature Reserve.\u00a0 <\/strong>The flashes were all formed by mining subsidence at the beginning of the 20th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Horrocks\u2019 Flash was used for waste tipping until the late 1980s but was then redeveloped and was opened as part of Wigan Flashes Nature Reserve in 2022.\u00a0 The origin of the name is uncertain and is not recorded on maps until about 1950.\u00a0 It has been said that Horrocks\u2019 Flash was named after a local fisherman but it is more likely that Horrocks<\/em> was a local landowner.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HORROCKS FOLD<\/strong> is a hamlet in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, north of Sharples <\/strong>and on the edge of the Pennine moors.\u00a0 It takes its name from Horrocks Fold Farm<\/em>, which probably dates from the early 17th<\/sup> century, which comes from the Old English hurrock<\/em>, meaning \u2018a heap of stones\u2019, probably referring to the sandstone found in the quarries nearby.\u00a0 The name is shared with Horrocks Wood on the slopes of Winter Hill<\/strong>, and Horrocks Scout, a promontory on Smithills<\/strong> Moor.\u00a0 Scout <\/strong>comes from the Old Norse skiitt<\/em>, meaning \u2018jutting rock\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HORWICH <\/strong>is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, some 24 kilometres north-west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is found in 1221 as Horewic<\/em>, from the Old English h<\/em>\u0101r <\/em>(\u2018grey, hoary\u2019) + wice<\/em> (\u2018wych elm\u2019).\u00a0 The area was forested in mediaeval times, so that Horwich would mean \u2018the place of the grey wych elms\u2019.\u00a0 An alternative derivation is the Old English horu<\/em> + w<\/em>\u012bc<\/em>, meaning \u2018dirty farm\u2019, perhaps because of the dark, peaty streams coming off the moors.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOSKER\u2019S NOOK <\/strong>is a residential area of Westhoughton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1841 as Hoscars Nook farm and is said to be named after the Hosker<\/em> family \u2013 Richard Hosker and Nicholas Hosker were both resident in the area in 1664 and 1678 respectively.\u00a0 Nook<\/em> comes from the Middle English n<\/em>\u014dk<\/em>, meaning \u2018a nook of land, especially a triangular plot\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOUGH END <\/strong>is a locality bordering Chorlton-cum-Hardy<\/strong> and Withington<\/strong> along Chorlton Brook, which runs through a ravine called Hough End Clough.\u00a0 The name occurs in 1323 as del Hogh<\/em> and with its modern spelling of Hough End<\/em> in 1587.\u00a0 The name comes from the Old English h<\/em>\u014dh <\/em>(\u2018heel of land\u2019) + ende <\/em>(\u2019border, boundary\u2019) + cl<\/em>\u014dh <\/em>(\u2018steep valley, ravine\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOULDSWORTH MODEL VILLAGE<\/strong> was an industrial housing estate in Reddish<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 1863-1865 and named after and by Sir William Henry Houldsworth <\/em>(1834-1917) for the workers at his Houldsworth mill, at the time the largest cotton mill in the world.\u00a0 The area is now undergoing regeneration, retaining the Houldsworth name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOWARTH CROSS <\/strong>is a residential area of Rochdale <\/strong>north-east of the town centre, west of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Howord<\/em> and Haword<\/em> in about 1200 and is believed to be either an eponym derived an Old English or Old Norse personal name, or a topographical name derived from the Old English h<\/em>\u014dh<\/em> (\u2018hill spur, heel of land\u2019) + worth<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019).\u00a0 The original cross is believed to have been erected in about 1645 so that a temporary market could be held there during the \u2018Black Plague\u2019 of Rochdale, but it has long since been built over.\u00a0 Great Howarth is north-west of Howarth Cross.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOWE BRIDGE<\/strong> is a residential area of Atherton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the Howe <\/em>railway bridge<\/em>, which was opened by the London & North Western Railway on 1 September 1864.\u00a0 The settlement was developed in 1873-1875 when the Fletcher coal mining company built a model village near the bridge.\u00a0 The name was standardised in 1901 when the LNWR changed the name of the local station from Chowbent <\/strong>to Howe Bridge.\u00a0 There are two suggestions for the origin on the name.\u00a0 One is that it is an older settlement named Howe, from the Old English h<\/em>\u014dh<\/em> meaning \u2018heel or spit of land\u2019 or Old Scandinavian haugr<\/em> (\u2018hill, mound\u2019).\u00a0 The second, less likely, refers to the construction method of the bridge, which may be a Howe truss, invented by William Howe<\/em> of Massachusetts in 1840.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOYLES PARK<\/strong> is 3.35-hectare public park in the Chesham<\/strong> area of Bury<\/strong>, approximately 2.4 kilometres east of the town centre.\u00a0 It was opened in 1888 on land donated by Henry Whitehead and takes its name from the local Hoyle <\/em>family – Joshua Hoyle (1796-1859) established a firm of cotton manufacturers in Summerseat<\/strong>, while son Isaac Hoyle (1828-1911) inherited the mill and was a Liberal politician and M.P. for Heywood<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HULL BROOK<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that flows out of Castleshaw <\/strong>Lower Reservoir and then flows south-west to join the Tame in Delph<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1843, although the settlement of Hull and Hull Mill, which was presumably powered by water from Hull Brook, are recorded in 1787.\u00a0 Like the city of Kingston upon Hull in the East Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong>, Hull is derived from the Old English hyll<\/em>, meaning \u2018hill\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HULLET HOLE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Douglas<\/strong> which rises east of Shevington<\/strong> Vale in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and flows to meet Calico Brook<\/strong>, which then flows westward to meet the Douglas in Appley Bridge in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but hullet<\/em> is said to mean \u2018owlet\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HULME<\/strong> is an inner-city residential area just south of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1246 as Hulm<\/em>, meaning \u2018an island\u2019, from the Old Norse holmr.<\/em>\u00a0 This refers to its position as an area of raised ground amid the marshes formed by the waters of the rivers Irk<\/strong>, Medlock<\/strong> and Corn Brook<\/strong> that surround it.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HULTON <\/strong>was a district originally consisting of three ancient townships \u2013 Great or Over Hulton, Middle Hulton and Little or Nether Hulton.\u00a0 The name was recorded as Helghton <\/em>and Hulton<\/em> in 1235 but only Over Hulton in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong> and Little Hulton in the City of Salford<\/strong> remain today.\u00a0 The spelling Hilton<\/em> was also used from an early date and this spelling reveals the meaning of the name \u2013 \u2018settlement on a hill\u2019 from Old English hyll<\/em> + t<\/em>\u016bn.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HUMPHREY PARK <\/strong>is a residential area of Urmston<\/strong> in Manchester<\/strong> built in 1937-38.\u00a0 It was built off Humphrey Lane, which is said to have been named after Sir Humphrey<\/em> de Trafford (1808-1886) of Trafford<\/strong> Hall.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HUNDERSFIELD<\/strong> is an area east of Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale <\/strong>that does not usually appear on modern maps.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1202 as Hunnordesfeld<\/em>, meaning \u2018the field of Hunworth\u2019.\u00a0 Hunworth<\/em> is thought to be the name of an old but now lost place in the area, the name of which was formed by the Anglo-Saxon personal name Huna<\/em> + worth<\/em> (\u2018enclosure, enclosed settlement\u2019).\u00a0 Feld<\/em> (\u2018field, tract of land\u2019) was later added to signify it was \u2018the area surrounding Hunsworth\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HUNGER HILL<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0There are several places called Hunger Hill in England and Scotland.\u00a0 In some cases, the name seems to derive from the Old English hungor<\/em>, meaning \u2018hunger, famine\u2019 in reference to a place where animals went hungry because of poor pasture.\u00a0 In other cases, it means \u2018a sloping wood\u2019 from Old English hangra<\/em>.\u00a0 Hunger Hill in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong> is a hill and residential area.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1770 but the origin of the name in this case is disputed, but most sources suggest that the original name was Hanger Hill and that the \u2018sloping wood\u2019 meaning is more likely.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HUNT\u2019S BANK <\/strong>today is a short street beside Victoria Station<\/strong> in Manchester<\/strong> \u2013 all that remains of a district that dates back to the Middle Ages.\u00a0 The origin of the name is uncertain.\u00a0 It is certain that a Hunt<\/em> family lived in the area from the 14th<\/sup> century and later built Hunt Hall<\/em>.\u00a0 The area may also have been the location of older hunting<\/em> grounds, which could be the original derivation.\u00a0 The \u2018Bank\u2019 refers to the steep banks<\/em> of the River Irwell<\/strong> at this point, and it was here that the Mersey and Irwell Navigation terminated in 1724.\u00a0 In 1843, the Liverpool & Manchester Railway extended its line into central Manchester and built a new terminus that was to have been called Hunt\u2019s Bank, but the station -name was changed to Victoria <\/strong>in honour of the Queen.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HURST <\/strong>is a suburb and parliamentary constituency in Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside <\/strong>which was formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Hurst here is derived from the Old English hyrst<\/em>, meaning \u2018wooded hill\u2019.\u00a0 Hurst in Ashton-under-Lyne lies on high ground above the River Medlock<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HURST CROSS <\/strong>is a small area of Hurst <\/strong>in Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> and also the home of Ashton United football club\u2019s stadium since 1879.\u00a0 A large stone cross<\/em> was erected there 1868 but the name apparently pre-dates this and probably comes from its position around a crossroad<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HURSTEAD<\/strong> is a residential area of Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale.\u00a0 <\/strong>It is recorded from the 13th<\/sup> century as Housetedes<\/em>, meaning \u2018a homestead, the site of a building\u2019, from the Old English h<\/em>\u016bs<\/em> (\u2018house\u2019) + stede<\/em> (\u2018place, site\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HURSTHEAD <\/strong>is a residential area of Cheadle Hulme<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1831 as Hirsthead<\/em>, but the name is probably older, coming from the Old English hyrst <\/em>(\u2018wooded hill\u2019) + h\u0113afod<\/em> (\u2018headland\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HYDE<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, 10 kilometres east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the early 13th<\/sup> century as Hida<\/em> and comes from the Old English h<\/em>\u012bd<\/em>, meaning \u2018one hide of land\u2019, i.e. the amount of ploughed land that could support one family or household (estimated at about 50 hectares).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
I<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
IMPERIAL WAR MUSEUM <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford <\/strong>overlooking the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> is the northern branch of the Imperial War Museum.\u00a0 The museum was originally opened in London in 1920 and the name \u2018Imperial\u2019 was chosen to reflect the contribution to World War I of all countries of what was then the British Empire.\u00a0 Imperial War Museum North opened in July 2002 in a building designed by the Polish-Jewish architect Daniel Libeskind, who envisaged it as a \u2018constellation of three interlocking shards\u2019 representing a shattered globe.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u201cIMPOSSIBLE BRIDGE\u201d <\/strong>See <\/em>COLLYHURST FOOTBRIDGE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
INCE-IN-MAKERFIELD<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0There are several places call Ince<\/em> in Britain, all derived from the Celtic ynys<\/em> meaning \u2018dry land, island\u2019.\u00a0 In order to distinguish them, some have been given a second name.\u00a0 Ince-in-Makerfield is a suburb of Wigan<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan and the name simply means that this Ince is part of neighbouring Makerfield<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded as Ines<\/em> in 1202 and Ins in Makerfield<\/em> in 1332.\u00a0 The \u2018dry land\u2019 refers to its position above Ince Brook, a tributary of the River Douglas<\/strong>, and the surrounding swamp.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River IRK<\/strong> is a tributary of the Irwell<\/strong> that rises east of Royton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham and then flows west to Rawtenstall in Lancashire<\/strong>, before flowing south to join the Irwell in the centre of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as the Irk <\/em>in 1322.\u00a0 The origin of the name is unclear but it may be related to the Irwell and mean \u2018the angry or winding little river\u2019 from the Old English irre<\/em> (\u2018angry, wandering, winding\u2019) + –uc <\/em>(\u2018little\u2019).\u00a0 An alternative suggestion is that it comes from the Celtic iwrch <\/em>meaning \u2018roebuck\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
IRLAM<\/strong>\u00a0is a suburb of the City of Salford<\/strong> that lies on the north bank of the River Irwell <\/strong>at its confluence with the River Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in about 1190 as Urwelham<\/em> or Irwellham<\/em>, meaning \u2019village by the River Irwell\u2019, from the Old English irre<\/em> (\u2018angry, wandering\u2019) + wella<\/em> (\u2018stream\u2019) + h<\/em>\u0101m<\/em> (\u2018village, homestead\u2019).\u00a0 This original form of the name makes its location by the river clear, but some transparency was lost by 1574, when the name had been reduced to Irelam<\/em>.<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

IRLAMS O’ TH’ HEIGHT <\/strong>is a suburb of the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name seems to have developed in two stages.\u00a0 A village called the Height<\/em> (Old English h\u0113ah + th<\/em>) is recorded in 1180 in the parish of Eccles<\/strong> on high ground above Pendleton.<\/strong>\u00a0 Then, in the 17th<\/sup> and 18th<\/sup> centuries, the Pack Horse Inn in the village was run by members of the Irlam<\/em> family, so that the area became known as Irlams o\u2019 th\u2019 Height<\/em>, i.e. Irlams on the Height.\u00a0 The name was maintained during the 19th<\/sup> century as the village was occupied by handloom weavers and standardised when the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway opened Irlams o\u2019 th\u2019 Height station in 1888.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River IRWELL <\/strong>is the most important tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises near Bacup in Lancashire<\/strong> and meanders 63 kilometres south-west to join the Mersey at Irlam<\/strong>.\u00a0 It flows through the cities of Manchester<\/strong> and Salford<\/strong>, forming the boundary between them.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1190 as the Urewel<\/em>, meaning \u2018winding stream\u2019, from the Old English irre<\/em> (\u2018angry, wandering\u2019) + wella<\/em> (\u2018stream\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ISLINGTON\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>See<\/em> NEW ISLINGTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

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J<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JACKSON<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0See<\/em> NEW JACKSON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JACKSON\u2019S BRIDGE<\/strong> is a footbridge over the River Mersey<\/strong> in Sale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 A timber bridge was built in 1816 and this was replaced by a wrought-iron one in 1881.\u00a0 The bridge, and a nearby pub called Jackson\u2019s Boat Inn, take their names from a local farmer called Jackson<\/em> who, in the 1730s, started a ferry service across the Mersey at this point.\u00a0 The area nearby is known as Jackson\u2019s Boat Ees, meaning \u2018the land beside Jackson\u2019s ferry liable to flooding\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JENNY GREEN <\/strong>is an area to the west of Irlam<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1865-66 with the building of St John the Baptist church.\u00a0 The origin of the name is uncertain but may parallel that of the \u2018Spinning Jenny\u2019, invented by James Hargreaves in 1783.\u00a0 The spinning jenny is sometimes said to be named after Hargreaves\u2019 wife or daughters, but none was actually named Jennifer<\/em>.\u00a0 In the same way, Jenny Green may also be eponymous, but no candidate has been identified.\u00a0 A more likely possibility for both the spinning jenny and Jenny Green is that \u2018jenny\u2019 is short for engine<\/em>, and it is known that drainage engines were in use in the area around Irlam <\/strong>and Cadishead<\/strong> in the late 18th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JERICHO <\/strong>is a residential area of Bury<\/strong> that is said to be named after the Biblical city of Jericho <\/em>(Hebrew for \u2018scented, fragrant place\u2019) on the West Bank of the Jordan when John Wesley (1703-1791) preached in Birtle<\/strong> in 1778.\u00a0 There seems to be no documentary of evidence for this, but the local Methodists gave the name to their new chapel in 2003.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JJB STADIUM \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> The BRICK COMMUNITY STADIUM<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JOHN LEIGH PARK<\/strong> is a 5-hectare area of parkland in the Broadheath <\/strong>district of Altrincham<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>. \u00a0Oldfield<\/strong> House and the land on which it stood were purchased in 1916 by John Leigh<\/em> and initially used as a military hospital.\u00a0 In 1917 he donated the land to Altrincham District Council for use as a park in memory of his father.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JOHN RYLANDS LIBRARY <\/strong>is a research institute and library on Deansgate<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was established in 1900 by Enriqueta Augustina Rylands (1843-1908) in memory of her husband, John Rylands<\/em> (1801-1888), who was the largest textile manufacturer in Britain and a great philanthropist.\u00a0 In 1972 it became part of the University of Manchester.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

JOHNSON FOLD<\/strong> is a residential area of western Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is taken from Johnson Fold Farm<\/em>, which dates back to the 17th<\/sup> century, when the Earl of Derby gifted land to the Johnson family.\u00a0 Bolton Corporation bought the farm in the early 1930s and built a housing estate, originally called the Montserrat<\/strong> estate, which was expanded in the early 1950s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JUBILEE <\/strong>is a village in Shaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> which claims to be the only settlement with this name in the UK.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the 19th<\/sup> century – the Jubilee pub was built in 1810 and the Jubilee Colliery was opened in 1845.\u00a0 It is unclear which jubilee is commemorated in the village\u2019s name \u2013 George III was the first monarch to celebrate a jubilee when there were festivities for the 50th<\/sup> year of his reign in 1809, but the term was used more generally before that date and perhaps the village is named for another anniversary.\u00a0 The mine was closed in 1932 and the site has been converted into the Jubilee Colliery Nature Reserve.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JUBILEE MARKET <\/strong>and JUBILEE PARK, Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The original Jubilee Market or Jubilee Fountain Market was built by the Oldham Industrial Co-operative Society in 1888 and named to commemorate Queen Victoria\u2019s Golden Jubilee <\/em>in 1887.\u00a0 It was announced in 2023 that it would be demolished and the space used to form part of a new 2.2-hectare linear park named Jubilee Park in honour of the Platinum Jubilee<\/em> of Queen Elizabeth II in that year.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JUBILEE PARK<\/strong> is a 4.7-hectare public park in the centre of Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale.<\/strong>\u00a0 It was opened in 1889 and named to celebrate the Golden (i.e. 50 years) Jubilee<\/em> of Queen Victoria<\/strong>\u2019s reign in 1887.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JUMBLES COUNTRY PARK\u00a0<\/strong>is a large country park surrounding Jumbles Reservoir in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name for the area outside Bolton seems to have been in use since at least the mid-19th<\/sup> century, but a reservoir was built and opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 1971.\u00a0 The surrounding area was declared a country park in 1973.\u00a0\u00a0 The name is a corruption of the Old English dumbel<\/em>, meaning \u2018a deep hollow, a ravine\u2019 and describes the valley of Bradshaw<\/strong> Brook, which flows into and out of Jumbles Reservoir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JUMBO<\/strong> is an area of Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1781 and it has been suggested that it may have an exotic origin related to mumbo-jumbo<\/em> or even Jumbo<\/em> the elephant.\u00a0 It actually comes from the Old English jumb<\/em>, meaning \u2018a deep pool in a stream\u2019 and jumbel<\/em> or dumbel<\/em>, meaning \u2018a deep hollow, a ravine\u2019, describing Wince Brook<\/strong>, which flows through the area.<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

JUNCTION<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0See <\/em>MIDDLETON JUNCTION<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

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K<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KAY GARDENS <\/strong>is a small public park in central Bury<\/strong>, originally opened in 1908.\u00a0 It commemorates John Kay<\/em> (1704-c.1780-81), the inventor of the flying shuttle which transformed the textile industry, who was born in Walmersley<\/strong>, north of Bury.\u00a0 The park includes a monument to Kay, \u2018whose invention in the year 1733 of the fly shuttle
\nquadrupled human power in weaving\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KEARSLEY<\/strong> is a town on the River Croal<\/strong> where it meets the Irwell<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1187 as Cherselawe<\/em> but the modern spelling can be seen in Kersleie<\/em>, found in about 1220.\u00a0 It means \u2018place where watercress grows\u2019 from c<\/em>\u00e6rse<\/em> (\u2018watercress\u2019) + hl<\/em>\u01e3w <\/em>(\u2018mound\u2019) or l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018clearing, water meadow\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KEMPNOUGH BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong> that runs south-east through Roe Green<\/strong> in Worsley <\/strong>in the City of Salford<\/strong> and flows into the Irwell in Salford.\u00a0 It takes its name from Kempnough Hall<\/em>, a country house dating from the 14th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name means \u2018warrior\u2019s nook\u2019, from Old English cempa (\u2018warrior, champion\u2019) + nough <\/em>(corruption of northern dialect haugh<\/em>, \u2018piece of flat alluvial land beside a river\u2019)\u2019.\u00a0 Kempnough Hall survives and has recently been restored.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KENWORTHY <\/strong>is a residential area of the City of Manchester<\/strong>, west of Northenden<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1286 as Kenworthin<\/em>, meaning \u2018C<\/em>\u0113na\u2019s<\/em> enclosure\u2019, from an Anglo-Saxon personal name + Old English worth <\/em>or worthign <\/em>(\u2018enclosed settlement\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KENYON<\/strong> is a village, partly in Cheshire<\/strong> and partly in Greater Manchester<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1212 as Kenien<\/em>, meaning \u2018Enion\u2019s mound\u2019 from the Celtic cr<\/em>\u016bg<\/em> (\u2018hill, mound\u2019) + the personal name Eni<\/em>\u014dn<\/em>, and referring to a Bronze Age barrow that may have been erected there.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KENYON FOLD<\/strong> is a residential area close to the River Roch<\/strong> south of Bamford<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The place is not well documented before 1765 but it seems likely that it means \u2018the animal enclosure (Old English falod<\/em>) belonging to someone called Kenyon\u2019.\u00a0 The Kenyons<\/em> were a prominent local family and Richard Kenyon, described as \u2018a local farmer\u2019, built a water-powered fulling mill on the Roch at nearby Crimble<\/strong> in 1750.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KERSAL <\/strong>is a suburb of the City of Salford<\/strong>, about 5 kilometres north-west of Manchester <\/strong>city centre.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1142 as Kereshala<\/em>, meaning \u2018the nook where cress grows\u2019, from Old English cerse<\/em> (\u2018watercress\u2019) + halh<\/em> (\u2018nook or corner of land\u2019).\u00a0 The nook would seem to refer to the bend in the River Irwell<\/strong> where Kersal is located.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KICKETY BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong> that rises south of Stretford<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> and flows east and then south to empty into the Mersey at Stretford Weir.\u00a0 It gives its name to the 4-hectare Kickety Brook woodland.\u00a0 The origin of the name is uncertain but may derive from Old English cicc<\/em>, meaning \u2018bend\u2019, or Old Norse kikall<\/em>, meaning \u2018winding\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KILN GREEN <\/strong>is a village to the east of Diggle<\/strong>, formerly<\/strong> in Saddleworth<\/strong> in West Yorkshire<\/strong> but now administered as part of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1785 and its origin is also undocumented, but it could literally mean \u2018a kiln<\/em> on or beside the village green<\/em>\u2019.\u00a0 Cyln <\/em>was an old English word for a furnace that could be used for making many things \u2013 bread, lime, bricks, flax, etc.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KING GEORGE\u2019S FIELD <\/strong>is a 6-hectare playing ground in Woodbank Memorial Park<\/strong> in Offerton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The land was acquired by Stockport council in 1937 and named to commemorate the Silver Jubilee of King George<\/em> V in 1936.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KINGSTON<\/strong> is a residential area with an industrial estate west of Hyde<\/strong> and close to the River Tame<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The place is recorded in 1748 and was established at about that time by Major Edward Hyde Clarke (1716-1776), who had inherited Hyde Hall.\u00a0 He and the family of his wife, Elizabeth Guthrie Haughton, had slave-operated estates in Jamaica, and this area of what was then Cheshire<\/strong> reminded them of Jamaica.\u00a0 Consequently, they named the settlement after Kingston<\/em> in Jamaica, which had been named in 1692 after King <\/em>William III (reigned 1689-1702).\u00a0 Several streets in the area and a bridge over the Tame are named after Captain Clarke and his family.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KINGSWAY RETAIL PARK <\/strong>and KINGSWAY BUSINESS PARK<\/strong> are commercial developments south-east of Rochdale <\/strong>town centre.\u00a0 Both take their names from Kingsway<\/em>, a nearby major road that, together with Queensway, was built in the early 1930s and named after the reigning monarch \u2013 King<\/em> George V.\u00a0 Kingsway Business Park is one of the sites of Atom Valley<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KIRKHAMS <\/strong>is a suburban area of Whitefield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are several places with similar names in Lancashire<\/strong> and West Yorkshire<\/strong>, all meaning \u2018church village\u2019, derived from the Old Norse kirk<\/em> + Old English h<\/em>\u0101m<\/em>.\u00a0 Kirkhams in Bury is recorded in 1485 as part of the Manor of Prestwich<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KIRKHOLT<\/strong> originated as a rural hamlet, shown on the 1851 Ordnance Survey map west of Balderstone<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 In 1945 German prisoners of war built the largest housing estate in Rochdale in the area around Kirkholt.\u00a0 The name means \u2018the church in the wood\u2019, suggesting a Scandinavian origin:\u00a0 Old Norse kirkja<\/em> (\u2018church\u2019) + Old English holt<\/em> (\u2018wood\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KIRKLEES BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell <\/strong>that rises on Holcombe<\/strong> Moor north of Hawkshaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> and flows 10.5 kilometres south-east to meet the Irwell in Woodhill<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name means \u2018church meadows\u2019 from the Old Norse kirkja<\/em> + Old English l\u0113ah<\/em>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Kirklees Priory<\/em> in West Yorkshire<\/strong>, which is recorded in 1275 as Kyrkeleys<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KIRKMANSHULME <\/strong>is an area of eastern Manchester<\/strong> close to the city centre that was once part of Newton Heath<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1292 as Kyrdmannesholm<\/em>, but this is thought to be a misspelling for something like Kyrkmannesholm<\/em>, meaning \u2018raised land belonging to a churchman\u2019, from Old Norse kirkja<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a church\u2019) + Old English mann<\/em> (\u2018person, man\u2019) + Old Norse holmr<\/em> (‘island, raised land in marsh’). \u00a0It has been suggested that the land may have belonged to Manchester parish church in Saxon times.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KISSING ROCKS\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> WAIN STONES<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KITCLIFFE RESERVOIR <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale <\/strong>is one of the six reservoirs in the Piethorne <\/strong>Valley built in the 1870s to supply water to Oldham – <\/strong>Ogden<\/strong><\/a>, <\/strong>Kitcliffe<\/strong><\/a>, <\/strong>Piethorne<\/strong><\/a>, <\/strong>Hanging Lees<\/strong><\/a>, <\/strong>Rooden<\/strong><\/a>,<\/strong> and Norman Hill<\/strong><\/a>.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name is taken from Kitcliffe Farm<\/em>, one of the few farms that was not demolished or flooded at the time of construction.\u00a0 The farm appears on the first Ordnance Survey maps of the 1840s and is probably an eponym:\u00a0 the hillside farm belonging to someone called Kit<\/em> or Christopher<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KITT GREEN <\/strong>is a suburb of Wigan<\/strong>, west of the town centre.\u00a0 It is said that the name dates from the 17th<\/sup> century and is believed to derive from a shortening of Christopher<\/em>.\u00a0 Other places named \u2018Kit\u2019 \u2013 for example, Kitt\u2019s Green in Birmingham and St Kitt\u2019s in the West Indies \u2013 are derived from Christopher<\/em> and date from the 15th<\/sup> to 17th<\/sup> centuries.\u00a0 An alternative derivation might be Middle English kite<\/em>, referring to the bird of prey which can be found in north-west England.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KITT\u2019S MOSS <\/strong>is a residential area of Bramhall<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1777 and by 1831 it is shown as Kits Moss<\/em>, an area inhabited by textile workers.\u00a0 However, earlier court records dating from 1632 refer to Kitts Moor.\u00a0 The name is presumably an eponym \u2013 Kit is short for Christopher, <\/em>but nothing is known of him.\u00a0 Moss<\/em> is an Old English word for \u2018bog, swamp, moor\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KNIGHT\u2019S BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises near Bag Lane<\/strong> in Atherton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and flows south-west to meet Hindsford<\/strong> Brook and ultimately flows into the River Glaze, the Manchester Ship Canal <\/strong>and the River Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is culverted for much of its length but its name survives in the Knightsbrook housing estate in Atherton.\u00a0 The name is said to derive from the mediaeval ownership status of Atherton, meaning that the knight<\/em> holding the Atherton manor had to provide military service to the Barony of Warrington.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KNOLL HILL<\/strong> is a 420-metre hill near Naden<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1771 as Knowle Top<\/em> and is derived from Old English cnoll<\/em>, meaning \u2018knoll, hillock\u2019.\u00a0 The addition of Hill<\/em> is reduplication as the meaning would be \u2018hill hill\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KNOTT LANES<\/strong> is a rural area with farms close to Daisy Nook Country Park<\/strong>, south-west of Bardsley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1617 as a division of the parish of Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong>.\u00a0 Knott<\/em> is probably derived from Old Norse knott<\/em>, meaning \u2018rocky hill\u2019, or Middle English knot<\/em>, \u2018a hill\u2019.\u00a0 The lanes<\/em> refer to the country roads to the west of the main Ashton-Oldham Road, which are still called ‘Knott Lanes\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KNOTT MILL<\/strong> is an area of central Manchester<\/strong> that is currently scheduled for regeneration.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1509 when a miller by the name of Knott <\/em>built a water-powered corn mill on the site.\u00a0 The area became the Manchester terminus of the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong> in 1764 and industrial development followed.\u00a0 Knott Mill had been converted to a textile mill by 1809.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KNOWL MOOR <\/strong>is a hill on the moors outside Rochdale<\/strong> that is popular for hiking and walking.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is said to come from Old English cnoll<\/em>, meaning \u2018knoll, hillock\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KNOWLS LANE <\/strong>or KNOLLS LANE <\/strong>is a hamlet north-east of Holts<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Knowls Lane farmhouse dates from the early 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Knowls <\/em>or Knolls<\/em> is probably derived Old from English cnoll<\/em>, meaning \u2018knoll, hillock\u2019, and Lane<\/em> refers to Knowls Lane, which connects Grotton <\/strong>and Lees<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KNUTSFORD VALE <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> NUTSFORD VALE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KNUTSHAW BRIDGE <\/strong>is a small residential area south-west of Deane<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1285 as Noteschaw<\/em> but the spelling Knutshaw<\/em> with a K seems to be much later, perhaps as late as the 20th<\/sup> century.\u00a0\u00a0 The bridge carries the road north-west from Manchester<\/strong> over Knutshaw Brook, a tributary of the River Croal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The straightforward meaning would seem to be \u2018copse of nut-bearing trees\u2019, from Old English hnutu\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018nut; nut-bearing tree\u2019) + sceaga <\/em>(\u2018copse\u2019), but it has also been suggested that the first element may be an eponym from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Hnotta<\/em>.\u00a0 The spelling with K has given rise to the suggestion that the personal name may have been Knut<\/em>, i.e. Cnut or Canute, although it is not claimed that there is any connection with King Canute himself.\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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L<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LADYBARN<\/strong> is a suburb of south Manchester<\/strong>, east of Withington<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded on maps of 1820 as Lady Barn Lane and Lady Barn House.\u00a0 Urban development had begun by the middle of the century and an independent school was established with the name in 1873.\u00a0 It is likely that Ladybarn refers to a barn <\/em>where tithes were collected on Lady Day<\/em> (25 March), but it has also been suggested that lady<\/em> may refer to the Virgin Mary as the Abbey of St Mary-in-the-Marsh in Cockersand in Lancashire<\/strong> held land in the Withington area in mediaeval times.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LADYBRIDGE <\/strong>or LADY BRIDGE <\/strong>is a residential area of Cheadle Hulme<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1587 as Ladie Bridge<\/em> and in 1671 as Ladies Bridge<\/em>.\u00a0 The bridge crosses and takes its name from the Lady Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name of the brook changes from the Lady Brook to the Micker Brook<\/strong> at Lady Bridge.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LADYBROOK <\/strong>or LADY BROOK <\/strong>is the name given to a tributary of the Mersey<\/strong> as it passes through Happy Valley<\/strong> in Bramhall<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises as Bollinhurst Brook<\/strong> near Disley in the Derbyshire Peak District<\/strong>, becoming Norbury<\/strong> Brook, Lady Brook, then Micker Brook<\/strong> before joining the Mersey in Cheadle Hulme<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1637 as Lady Brook, but the origin is uncertain.\u00a0 It has been suggested that it is named after a Lady<\/em> Davenport of Bramall Hall<\/strong>, who owned about 2.4 hectares of land in the Ladybrook valley.\u00a0 However, the occurrence of other Catholic names in the area \u2013 Ladybarn Crescent (the barn where tithes were collected on Lady Day) and Ladythorn Road (Our Lady of the Thorns, celebrated on 16 February) \u2013 makes a religious origin more likely.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LADYHOUSE<\/strong> is a residential area of the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> south of Milnrow<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is taken from Lady House<\/em> Farm, which previously occupied the area.\u00a0 \u00a0A painting by Benjamin Charles Brierley (1857-1920) of Lady House shows a stone building, perhaps the farmhouse, with the date 1631 above the door.\u00a0 It is thought that it may be derived from the Old Norse hlatha<\/em>, meaning \u2018storehouse, barn\u2019, rather than any aristocratic or religious use of lady<\/em>. \u00a0Over the years, hlatha<\/em> was rationalised to lady<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LADYWELL<\/strong> is a Metrolink tram stop that takes its name from a hospital in the Weaste<\/strong> area of the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It started in 1851-1852 as a workhouse but was rebuilt in 1890 as a hospital and training school for nurses.\u00a0 Today it forms part of Salford Royal hospital.\u00a0 The original hospital was endowed by the local de Trafford family and named after the Ladywell<\/em> shrine, a 17th<\/sup> century house and chapel with the Holy Well of our Lady in the grounds.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LAITHWAITE <\/strong>is a residential area of west Wigan.\u00a0 <\/strong>It is recorded in about 1200 as Leikeththeit<\/em> and Leikestheith<\/em>, meaning \u2018barn on or near a forest clearing\u2019, from the Old Norse hlatha<\/em> (\u2019barn\u2019) + thwaite<\/em> (\u2018meadow, forest clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LAMBERHEAD GREEN <\/strong>is a residential and recreational area of Orrell <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan <\/strong>on the border between Orrell <\/strong>and Pemberton<\/strong> and between Upholland in Lancashire<\/strong> and Wigan in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1519 as Londmerhede<\/em>, from the Old English land-gemaere<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018boundary\u2019) + heafod\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LANCASHIRE<\/strong> is a county in north-western England that until 1974 included much of what is now Greater<\/strong> Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1140 as honor de Lancastre<\/em> and as Lancastre-shire<\/em> in the 14th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name combines the city of Lancaster<\/em> (Roman c<\/em>\u00e6ster<\/em> or fort on the River Lune<\/em>) with Old English sc<\/em>\u012br<\/em> (\u2018shire, district\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LANCASHIRE BRIDGE<\/strong> is a road bridge across the River Mersey<\/strong> in Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally built in 1282 to carry the old Roman Road between Manchester<\/strong> and Buxton across the river from Lancashire<\/em> into Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was demolished in 1745 to hinder Bonnie Prince Charlie\u2019s Jacobite army as they marched south from Tiviot Dale<\/strong> to Derby.\u00a0 It was rebuilt in 1748 and replaced by the current bridge in 1891.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LANCASHIRE HILL <\/strong>is a residential and commercial area of Reddish<\/strong>, north of Stockport<\/strong> town centre.\u00a0 It is named because it is a hill on the Lancashire<\/em> side of the River Mersey<\/strong>, traditionally the boundary between Cheshire<\/strong> and Lancashire.\u00a0 The name is not well documented and it is not clear when the name was first used.\u00a0 Its modern development dates from the building in 1793-1797 of Stockport Canal, which branched south from the Ashton <\/strong>Canal at Clayton<\/strong> and terminated at the top of Lancashire Hill.\u00a0 This led to the building of factories, mills and housing in the early 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It was developed further in the late 1960s as a high-rise housing estate.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

LAND GATE <\/strong>or LANDGATE <\/strong>is a village north of Bryn<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 Although the name is recorded in 1212, it is not well documented or analysed.\u00a0 The \u2018gates\u2019 of Wigan are mediaeval roads leading out of the town, derived from the Old Norse gata<\/em>, meaning \u2018road, street\u2019.\u00a0 Land Gate is close to the old Roman road from Wigan to Warrington and it has been suggested that Land Gate means the road (gata<\/em>) to the rural or agricultural land<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LANDSLOW GREEN <\/strong>is a rural area north-west of Hollingworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 Landslow Green farmhouse dates from early\/mid-18th<\/sup> century but the area is not otherwise well documented.\u00a0 The name is probably derived from old English land<\/em> (\u2018piece of land\u2019) + hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em> (\u2018mound, hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LANE BOTTOM <\/strong>or LANEBOTTOM <\/strong>is a hamlet east of Newhey<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The place is not much documented before 1860, when the Lanebottom Industrial Equitable Pioneers Society was established as an early member of the co-operative movement.\u00a0 The name is quite literal \u2013 the hamlet is located at the bottom<\/em> of Ogden<\/strong> Lane<\/em>, which leads up to the moors of Oldham<\/strong> and West Yorkshire<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LANE END <\/strong>or LANE ENDS\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>There are several places called Lane End or Lane Ends in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is usually literal \u2013 a place (often originally a farm) at the end <\/em>of a lane<\/em> (from the Old English) or at the junction of two lanes.\u00a0 A lane was usually a narrow roadway in a town or, more commonly in Greater Manchester, a rural road leading out of a town or connecting two hamlets or villages.\u00a0 It was less important and less well-built than a \u2018street\u2019, which was the word applied to Roman roads in Greater Manchester (e.g. Stretford<\/strong>).\u00a0 The inclusion of lane as an element in a name often suggests that it is mediaeval in origin, but this was not always popular with upwardly-mobile Victorians \u2013 most of the lanes in Sale<\/strong> were renamed as \u2018roads\u2019 in 1866-70.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LANE HEAD <\/strong>is a residential area south of Lowton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1842, when Lowton Lane Head<\/em> Primitive Methodist Chapel was completed at the junction of Winwick Lane, Newton Road, Kenyon<\/strong> Lane and what is now Church Lane, suggesting that the name was originally Lowton Lane Head, i.e. the place at the start (head<\/em>) of the lane<\/em> to Lowton.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LANE SIDE <\/strong>or LANESIDE <\/strong>is a small residential area on the eastern edge of Crompton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1786 and the meaning is quite literal – a small settlement beside the lanes<\/em> that led (and, in some cases, still lead) up on to Crompton Moor.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LANGLEY<\/strong> is a suburb of Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, approximately 9 kilometres north-east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 There are many places named Langley<\/em> in Britain but Langley in what was then Lancashire <\/strong>is first recorded in 1246 as Langele<\/em>, meaning \u2018a long wood or clearing\u2019 from Old English lang<\/em> (\u2018long\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018wood, clearing\u2019).\u00a0 Langley was developed as a residential area for about 25,000 people by Manchester City Council in the 1950s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LANGTREE<\/strong> is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> that forms the northern portion of Standish<\/strong>-with-Langtree.\u00a0 Although originally separate, they have long been seen as a single settlement.\u00a0 Langtree is recorded in about 1190 as Lonetre<\/em>, meaning \u2018tall or high tree\u2019, from the Old English lang<\/em> + tr<\/em>\u0113o<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LANGWORTHY<\/strong> is a residential area of the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area developed in the last quarter of the 19th<\/sup> century around Langworthy Road, which was built in the 1870s and named in honour of Edward Langworthy <\/em>(1797-1874), a businessman who, with his brothers, owned a cotton mill in Greengate<\/strong> and who also became mayor of Salford and, briefly, a Salford MP.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LARK HILL<\/strong> is a common place name in England and there have been several places with this name in Lancashire<\/strong>, Yorkshire<\/strong> and Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Lark Hill in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan <\/strong>is a 21st<\/sup>-century housing development south-west of Astley.\u00a0 <\/strong>It takes its name from Lark Hill House<\/em>, a large house built in 1878 that is now a nursery.\u00a0 Assuming that the name goes back no further than 1878, it would seem to be aspirational, evoking birdsong on a hillside.\u00a0 Places elsewhere which date back to mediaeval times are derived Old English lawerce\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018lark.\u2019) + hyll.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LAST DROP VILLAGE <\/strong>is a retail and hotel complex in Bromley Cross<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is clustered around a number of 17th<\/sup> century farm buildings originally called Orrell<\/strong> Fold in the Manor of Turton<\/strong>.\u00a0 These were purchased in 1963 and given the name \u2018Last Drop\u2019.\u00a0 The name has given rise to some fanciful suggestions \u2013 that the last drop refers to execution by hanging or punishment by ducking \u2013 but the reality is more prosaic:\u00a0 friends offered the new owner the last drop from a bottle of wine when he bought the farm and the name was applied to the development.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LEAD MINE CLOUGH <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong> which rises south-east of Lydgate<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows north-west to meet Lydgate Clough, which goes on to join the Roch in Calderbrook<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 Presumably the stream takes its name from a local lead mine, but, unlike Lead Mines Clough, a tributary of the River Yarrow in Chorley in Lancashire<\/strong> which has a well-documented history of lead mining in the 17th<\/sup> and 18 centuries, there seems to be little record of lead mining south-east of Littleborough<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LECTURERS CLOSES <\/strong>is a residential and industrial in central Bolton<\/strong>, close to the site of the parish church, where there has been a church since Anglo-Saxon times.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but seems to have religious connotations derived from words with meanings which are now largely obsolete:\u00a0 from the 16th<\/sup> century a lecturer <\/em>was an assistant Anglican preacher, and a close <\/em>was a precinct or cloister of a religious building, a term dating from the mid-15th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LEE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises north of Castleshaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>and flows south-west through Lee Clough into Castleshaw Upper Reservoir.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but may be taken from a local farm as the literal meaning is \u2018stream running by or through a clearing\u2019 (l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em>), a pattern found elsewhere in Greater Manchester<\/strong> (see<\/em> Hall Lee Brook<\/strong>, Oaken Lee Brook<\/strong>, Pigs Lee Brook<\/strong>, Tack Lee<\/strong> Brook<\/strong>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LEES<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1604 as the Leese<\/em>, which is usually said to mean \u2018woods or woodland clearings\u2019, from the plural of Old English l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018wood, clearing\u2019).\u00a0 However, another theory is that it is named after John de Leghes<\/em>, the 14th<\/sup>-century Lord of the Manor.\u00a0 To the north-west is Leesbrook (i.e. the clearing beside the brook, which flows into the River Medlock<\/strong> just to the south), Leesfield (i.e. beside open country), and to the south-west is Nether Lees (i.e. Lower Lees).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LEESBROOK \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> LEES<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LEESFIELD\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> LEES<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LEIGH <\/strong>is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 Until 1974 it was part of Lancashire<\/strong> and it shares its name with other towns in England as well as numerous places ending in –leigh<\/em>, –ley<\/em>, –ly<\/em> or –le<\/em>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1276 as Legch<\/em> and is derived from the Old English l\u0113ah<\/em>, meaning ‘wood, clearing or meadow’.\u00a0 Leigh is distinguished from Westleigh<\/strong> to the west and Astley<\/strong> (i.e. East Leigh) to the east.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LEVENSHULME<\/strong> is a suburb of the City of Manchester<\/strong>, about 5 kilometres south-east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name was recorded as Lewyneshulm<\/em> in 1246 and is probably an eponym meaning \u2018L\u0113ofwine\u2019s mound\u2019.\u00a0 The first element is a personal name L\u0113ofwine, meaning beloved friend\u2019; the second is the Old Norse -holmr<\/em>, meaning \u2019island, elevated ground in a marshy area\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LEVER EDGE <\/strong>is part of the area named Lever<\/em> which consists of several settlements \u2013 Darcy Lever<\/strong>, Great Lever<\/strong>, Lever Edge<\/strong> and Little Lever<\/strong> \u2013 south of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name Lever is recorded in 1212 as Lefre<\/em>, from the Old English lefer<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018rush, reed\u2019), so that the entire area would mean \u2018where the rushes or reeds grow\u2019 on the banks of the Irwell<\/strong> and Croal<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LEVERHULME PARK <\/strong>is a 13.75-hectare public park and nature reserve in Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was donated to the people of Bolton in 1919 by Lord Leverhulme<\/em> (1851-1925), the industrialist, philanthropist, politician and mayor of Bolton, and named after him.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LEY HEY PARK <\/strong>is a residential area west of Marple Bridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1835 and was developed as an up-market residential area with the coming of the railways and the opening of Marple Bridge station in 1862 and Rose Hill<\/strong> Marple in 1869.\u00a0 The name means \u2018pastured enclosure\u2019 from Old English l<\/em>\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2019pasture\u2019) + h\u00e6g<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LEYLAND MILL BROW <\/strong>is an area south of Haigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> beside the River Douglas<\/strong>.\u00a0 Industrial development in the area began in the mid-18th<\/sup> century but it is believed the name comes from John Leyland <\/em>(1832-1883), who acquired or built a cotton mill on the Douglas.\u00a0 The brow (Old English bru<\/em>) is the steep bank that leads up from the river.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LIGHTBOURNE GREEN <\/strong>is a residential area of Swinton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 The name is not well documented and there have been two suggestions as to its origin.\u00a0 It could mean \u2018light or bright stream\u2019, from Old English leoht<\/em> + burna<\/em>, but streams in Greater Manchester are mostly dark brooks and bournes are almost unknown.\u00a0 Alternatively, the area might be named after Robert Lightbourne<\/em>, who is known to have lived and farmed there in the late 17th<\/sup> or early 18th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LIGHT HAZZLES RESERVOIR <\/strong>near Summit <\/strong>in Littleborough <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale <\/strong>was built in 1807 to supply water for the Rochdale Canal but was purchased in 1923 by Rochdale and Oldham <\/strong>Corporations to provide drinking water for the two towns.\u00a0 It takes its name from its source, Light Hazzles Brook<\/em>, which is a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong>, and Light Hazzles Edge<\/em>, a nearby promontory.\u00a0 The name means \u2018few hazel trees\u2019 from Old English lyt<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a little, a few\u2019) + haesel\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018hazel-tree\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LIGHTSHAW MEADOWS <\/strong>is an 18-hectare country park in Abram<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> that was opened in 2010 and now forms one site of the Flashes of Wigan and Leigh<\/strong>.\u00a0 Lightshaw Hall was built in the 16th<\/sup> century and is derived from Old English lihte<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018sparse\u2019) + sceaga <\/em>(\u2018copse\u2019).\u00a0 Lightshaw Hall is still standing and Lightshaw Meadows were shaped by 20th<\/sup>-century mining subsidence.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LILFORD <\/strong>is a residential and recreational area of Leigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is an eponym dating from the early 19th<\/sup> century, when Thomas Atherton Powys (1801-1861), who owned estates at Atherton<\/strong>, inherited the title of Lord Lilford<\/em>.\u00a0 The title was taken from Lilford<\/em> in Northamptonshire, which either means \u2018chattering (Old English lille<\/em>) ford<\/em>\u2019 or \u2018ford named after Lilla<\/em>\u2019.\u00a0 A later Lord Lilford donated the land for Lilford Park, which was opened in 1886 and enlarged in 1915.\u00a0 Lilford Park lends its name to Lilford Park Brook, a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LILY HILL<\/strong> is a residential and countryside area north of Whitefield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0The name is not well documented before 1866, when it was one of six hamlets combined to form the township of Whitefield.\u00a0 The name is thought to be quite literal \u2013 a hill<\/em> covered with lilies<\/em> (Old English lilie<\/em>), reinforcing the suggestion that the meaning of Whitefield is \u2018a field covered with white lilies\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LILY LANES <\/strong>is a farm location between Alt<\/strong> Hill and Hartshead Green<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It lies at the junction of Lily Lane and Twirl Hill<\/strong> Road \u2013 hence the lanes<\/em> element of the name.\u00a0 The first element is said to come from Old English lilie<\/em>, meaning \u2018lily\u2019. \u00a0Hartshead Green farmhouse on Lily Lane dates from the late 17th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LIME FIELD <\/strong>is a recreational and residential area west of Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 Mid-19th<\/sup> century maps suggest that it was an area where there was a lot of lime<\/em> in the fields<\/em>, probably revealing the underlying rock formation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LIMEFIELD<\/strong> is a residential area of Bury <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1843 and could mean \u2018the field with a lime tree\u2019 or \u2018the field spread with lime\u2019.\u00a0 The name seems to originate with a house with a small park, so perhaps the former meaning is more likely.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LIMEHURST <\/strong>is a former village which is now part of Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, but formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1292 and the modern spelling had been adopted by 1422.\u00a0 The name is unlikely to mean \u2018lime forest\u2019 and is more likely to mean \u2018the forest (Old English hyrst<\/em>) within the Lyme\u2019.\u00a0 Lyme<\/em> meant that the place was included in Lancashire proper, as opposed to outlying areas in neighbouring counties.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LIMESIDE\u00a0<\/strong>is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, about 3 kilometres south of the town centre.\u00a0 The area was once occupied by Limeside village and Limeside Farm, probably meaning \u2018the hillside where lime trees grow\u2019, from Old English lim<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018lime\u2019) + side<\/em> (\u2018hillside\u2019).\u00a0 The area was developed in the 1930s with a large housing estate and the 7-hectare Limeside Park.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LINCOLN SQUARE <\/strong>is a public space in the centre of Manchester<\/strong> that was laid out in 1981.\u00a0 In 1986, a statue of American President Abraham Lincoln, which had been erected in Platt Fields<\/strong> in 1919, was moved to Lincoln Square.\u00a0 The plaque misquotes Lincoln\u2019s letter of 1863 to the working men of Manchester, expressing his appreciation for their support during the American Civil War and the resulting \u2018cotton famine\u2019 in Lancashire<\/strong>:\u00a0 \u2018To the working people of Manchester 19th January 1863 \/ I know and deeply deplore the sufferings which the working people of Manchester \/ and in all Europe are called to endure in this crisis\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LINFITTS <\/strong>and LINFITTS SLACK \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>Linfitts is a hamlet north-west of Delph<\/strong> in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Lindthait <\/em>at the end of the 12th<\/sup> century and by 1208 as Lynthwait<\/em>, a spelling that is retained in nearby Lynthwaite<\/em> farm.\u00a0\u00a0 However, the spelling was rationalised to Linfitts<\/em> by the time Lindfitts Mill was built in 1775.\u00a0 The name means \u2018flax clearing\u2019 or \u2018clearing where flax is grown\u2019, from Old Norse or Old English lin<\/em>, meaning \u2018flax\u2019, and Old Norse thwaite<\/em>, meaning \u2018clearing, farm\u2019.\u00a0 The name is an early indicator of the textile industry before flax was supplanted by imported cotton.\u00a0 Linfitts Slack lies to the north-west of Linfitts and takes its name from the Old Norse slakke<\/em>, meaning \u2018shallow depression\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LINGARD\u2019S FOOTBRIDGE <\/strong>is a metal footbridge supported by water pipes over the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong> near Blackmoor<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The bridge seems to be of recent construction but it is uncertain if there were previous bridges at this site.\u00a0 The name ultimately means \u2018flax enclosure\u2019, from the Old English l<\/em>\u012bn<\/em> (\u2018flax\u2019) + Old Norse garthr<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019).\u00a0 However, it is likely that the name is an eponym that was taken from the locational surname of the Lingard<\/em> family, who were major landowners in the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LINNET CLOUGH <\/strong>is a small reservoir west of Mellor<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, formerly in Derbyshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally built in 1793 as a mill pond for Mellor Mill in Marple<\/strong> and it took its name from the clough<\/em> (Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>) or valley of Linnet Brook<\/em>, which empties into the River Goyt<\/strong> east of Marple.\u00a0 Linnet<\/em> is from Old English l<\/em>\u00ednetw<\/em>\u00edge<\/em> or a 16th<\/sup>-century borrowing from Old French linette<\/em>, and is related to modern English linen<\/em>.\u00a0 Linnets were common in Derbyshire in the past as they feed on flax seeds.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LINNYSHAW<\/strong> is a residential area and industrial estate to the east of Walkden<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the second half of the 19th<\/sup> century, when Linnyshaw Colliery was opened in 1865 and Linnyshaw Mills were built in 1874.\u00a0 The name means \u2018small lime wood\u2019, from Old English lind<\/em> (\u2018lime-tree\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse\u2019).\u00a0 The colliery was closed and demolished in 1921, and has now been converted into Linnyshaw Park, while a disused railway line known as the Linnyshaw Loopline has been turned into a walking and cycling route between Little Hulton<\/strong> and Walkden<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LITTLE BOLTON\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>BOLTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LITTLEBOROUGH<\/strong> is a town on the River Roch<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> about 21 kilometres north-east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1577 as Littlebrough <\/em>and means either \u2018little town\u2019 or \u2018little fort\u2019, from the Old English l\u0233tel\u00a0<\/em>+ burh<\/em>.\u00a0 It is thought that there may have been some sort of fortification on the nearby Roman road to Ilkley but there seems to be no record of this.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LITTLE CLEGG <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> CLEGG HALL<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LITTLE HOUGHTON\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> WESTHOUGHTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LITTLE HULTON\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>HULTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LITTLE IRELAND<\/strong> was a slum area south of Manchester <\/strong>city centre around the north end of Oxford Road<\/strong>.\u00a0 Houses originally built in the early 19th<\/sup> century were occupied by large numbers of Irish immigrants who came to work in the expanding textile industry.\u00a0 The area was described by Engels in the early 1840s:\u00a0 \u2018the most horrible spot \u2026 two groups of cottages, built chiefly back to back, in which live about 4,000 human beings, most of them Irish. The cottages are old, dirty, and of the smallest sort, the streets uneven, fallen into ruts and in part without drains or pavement; masses of refuse, offal, and sickening filth lie among standing pools in all directions\u2026.. The race that lives in these ruinous cottages, behind broken windows, mended with oil-skin, sprung doors, and rotten door-posts, or in dark, wet cellars, in measureless filth and stench must surely have reached the lowest stage of humanity.\u2019\u00a0 Much of the area was vacated in 1845-47 to make way for the new Manchester South Junction & Altrincham Railway and its Oxford Road station headquarters.\u00a0 The area was demolished in about 1877.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LITTLE LEVER <\/strong>is part of the area named Lever<\/em> which consists of several settlements \u2013 Darcy Lever<\/strong>, Great Lever<\/strong>, Lever Edge<\/strong> and Little Lever<\/strong> \u2013 south of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name Lever is recorded in 1212 as Lefre<\/em>, from the Old English lefer<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018rush, reed\u2019), so that the entire area would mean \u2018where the rushes or reeds grow\u2019 on the banks of the Irwell<\/strong> and Croal<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LITTLE MOSS<\/strong> is an area of north-west Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was established as a civil parish of Lancashire<\/strong> in 1894 but it is not clear if the name has older roots.\u00a0 Its meaning is literally \u2018little moss\u2019 (\u2018bog, swamp\u2019) and it is one of the many \u2018moss\u2019 place names in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LITTLE PARK <\/strong>is a residential area on the north bank of the River Irk<\/strong> west of Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It dates from the Middle Ages, when it formed one of two \u2018parks\u2019 of Middleton Hall \u2013 the large park was the estate surrounding the hall, probably with deer, while the Little Park<\/em> was its garden.\u00a0 The larger park was sold off from the late 18th<\/sup> century for the development of the town of Middleton.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LITTLE SCOTLAND <\/strong>is located in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, 5 kilometres south of Bolton itself.\u00a0 There are two theories for its derivation.\u00a0 One is that the Wigan<\/strong> section of the Leeds & Liverpool Canal was mostly built by navvies from Aberdeen in the 1780s and the area where they lived became known as Little Scotland<\/em>.\u00a0 Another is that the Earl of Balcarres and Crawford, who was a Scotsman, brought staff from Scotland for his new residence at Haigh <\/strong>Hall, which was built in 1827-1840.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LITTLE WHINNING GULF\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>GREAT WHINNING GULF<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LIVERPOOL ROAD<\/strong> is a disused railway station located on Liverpool Road<\/em>, west of Deansgate<\/strong> in central Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened on 15 September 1830 as the eastern terminus of the Liverpool & Manchester Railway, and can claim to be the oldest surviving railway terminus in the world.\u00a0 It was closed to passengers on 4 May 1844, when the company\u2019s line was extended to the newly-completed Manchester Victoria Station<\/strong>.\u00a0 It remained as a goods depot until 1975 but was sold to Greater Manchester Council in 1978 and converted into what is now the Manchester Museum of Science and Industry, opened in 1983.\u00a0 Liverpool comes from the Old English lifer<\/em> (\u2018thick water\u2019) + p<\/em>\u014dl<\/em> (\u2018pool, creek\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LONDON ROAD STATION<\/strong> was the name of Manchester<\/strong>\u2019s main railway terminus, which had been opened by the Manchester & Birmingham and Sheffield Ashton-under-Lyne & Manchester railways as Store Street<\/strong> in 1842.\u00a0 The name was changed to London Road in 1847 and to Piccadilly<\/strong> in 1960.\u00a0 It took the name from London Road<\/em>, which runs alongside the station to the south west.\u00a0 Although the Romans had built a road from Manchester to Buxton and London<\/em> (what is now the A6), the name is given as Bank Top on maps until 1813.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LONGDENDALE <\/strong>is a valley in the Peak District<\/strong> and was adopted as the name of an urban district in Cheshire<\/strong> in 1936, but was absorbed into the new Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> in 1974.\u00a0 The name was first recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Langedendele<\/em> and means \u2018the long (Old English lange<\/em>-) valley (denu<\/em>) dale (dala<\/em>)\u2019.\u00a0 See also<\/em> MOTTRAM IN LONGDENDALE<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LONGDEN END BROOK <\/strong>is a watercourse that rises near Windy Hill<\/strong> on the boundary between West Yorkshire<\/strong> and the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It flows south-west through Rakewood<\/strong> Valley to Hollingworth Lake<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not recorded before the first Ordnance Survey maps of the area in the 1840s and probably means \u2018brook (Old English br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em>) at the end<\/em> of a long<\/em> valley (Old English denu<\/em>)\u2019, perhaps referring to the point at which the brook emerges from the upper valley on the moors into Rakewood Valley.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LONGFORD PARK <\/strong>is a 22-hectare public park in Stretford<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>, and it also gives its name to an electoral ward of Trafford.\u00a0 <\/strong>The name is first recorded in 1320-1346 as the long<\/em> ford<\/em>, presumably a ford used by those on the Roman road from Chester to Manchester <\/strong>crossing the River Mersey<\/strong> in Stretford.\u00a0 The ford gave its name to a village and to the Longford family, who had lived in the area since the 11th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Their Longford Park estate eventually became the home of John Rylands<\/strong> in 1855, and was sold to Stretford Council in 1911, opening to the public in 1912.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LONGSHAW <\/strong>was a common place name across Lancashire<\/strong>, Yorkshire<\/strong> and Derbyshire<\/strong>, meaning \u2018long or narrow wood\u2019 from Old English lang <\/em>(\u2018tall, long\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018small wood, copse\u2019).\u00a0\u00a0 This Longshaw is a small agricultural and residential area west of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 Neighbouring Longshaw Bottom and Longshaw Common are in the Metropolitan Borough of St Helens in Merseyside<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LONGSHOOT <\/strong>is a suburb of Wigan<\/strong>, east of the town centre.\u00a0 There have been fanciful suggestions for the origin of the name \u2013 it was an area where archers practised shooting their bows and arrows, or where the Parliamentarians set up their cannons to shoot at the Royalists during the Civil War in 1643.\u00a0 The origin is not well documented before 1827 but seems to be a remnant of the mediaeval system of dividing large open fields into smaller strips of various shapes and sizes known as \u2018shoots<\/em>\u2019.\u00a0 In Wigan, Longshoot and nearby Middleshoot may have been part of a large field known as Scholes<\/strong>-Field.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LONGSIGHT <\/strong>is an inner-city area of the City of Manchester<\/strong>, approximately 5 kilometres south of the city centre, formerly known as Grindlow Marsh, which is recorded in 1282 meaning \u2018green hill\u2019, from Old English gr\u0113ne<\/em> + hl\u0101w<\/em>.\u00a0 The Longsight<\/em> name is not well documented but it is usually said that Bonnie Prince Charlie or one of his officers stood outside the Waggon and Horses Inn during the 1745 Jacobite incursion into England, looked towards the city and said that it was a \u2018long sight\u2019<\/em> to Manchester.\u00a0 However, there was already a Longsight Cottage<\/em> in the area, recorded in 1706.\u00a0 It has been suggested that the origin could be Middle English lang <\/em>(\u2018tall, long\u2019) + shote<\/em> (\u2018corner of land, projecting piece of land\u2019) or shut<\/em> (\u2018hillside or slope\u2019).\u00a0 Other sources suggest a date as late as 1843, which coincides with the opening of Longsight station by the Manchester & Birmingham Railway.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

LORD\u2019S BROOK <\/strong>is a stream which rises north-east of Woodhouses<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows approximately .75 of a kilometre south-west through Failsworth<\/strong> into the River Medlock<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name was taken from Lord<\/em> William de Nevill, who held the local manor for King John at the start of the 13th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The brook either flowed through his property or formed a boundary to it.\u00a0 In 1794, Lord\u2019s Brook was diverted under Hollinwood <\/strong>Canal at Crime Lake<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOSTOCK<\/strong> is a residential area of western Bolton<\/strong> in the Croal<\/strong> valley, approximately 20 kilometres north-west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1205 as Lostok<\/em>, meaning \u2018pig-sty farm or hamlet\u2019, from Old English hl<\/em>\u014dse <\/em>(\u2018pig-sty\u2019) + stoc<\/em> (\u2018farmstead, hamlet\u2019).<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

LOW CROMPTON\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>CROMPTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER BREDBURY \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0See<\/em> BREDBURY<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER BROUGHTON\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> BROUGHTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER CHELBURN \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0See<\/em> CHELBURN<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER CRUMPSALL\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> CRUMPSALL<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER DUNISHBOOTH\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> DUNISHBOOTH<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER FOLD<\/strong> is one of a series of hamlets, farmsteads or \u2018folds\u2019 beside the River Spodden<\/strong> north of Spotland<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 Lower Fold is recorded in 1781.\u00a0 A fold<\/em> is a small animal enclosure or farmstead with a few cottages and lower<\/em> refers to its position in the Spodden valley, contrasting with Fold Head, a hamlet higher up the valley in Rossendale.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER GREEN\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> ASTLEY <\/strong>and ASTLEY GREEN<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER HEALEY\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> HEALEY<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER HINDS\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> HINDS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER INCE\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> INCE-IN-MAKERFIELD<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER IRLAM<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> IRLAM<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER KERSAL <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> KERSAL<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER NADEN RESERVOIR \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0See<\/em> NADEN<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER OGDEN\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> OGDEN<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER ROE CROSS\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> ROE CROSS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER RUSHCROFT \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0See<\/em> RUSHCROFT<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER SUMMERSEAT\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>SUMMERSEAT<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER SWINESHAW RESERVOIR \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0See<\/em> SWINESHAW<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER WHITELEY DEAN BROOK <\/strong>rises south-east of Rakewood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and flows north to meet Longden End Brook<\/strong>, which eventually flows into Hollingworth Lake<\/strong>.\u00a0 Whiteley<\/em> was an area north of Spotland<\/strong> that was recorded in about 1255 as belonging to Henry de le Wetelegh<\/em> and in about 1280 as Wytelegh<\/em>, both names meaning \u2018bright or fair (Old English hw<\/em>\u012bt<\/em>) clearing (l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em>)\u2019.\u00a0 The name survived on 19th<\/sup>-century maps as a settlement as well as Whiteley Moor and Whiteley Fold, but then seems to disappear from 20th<\/sup>-century maps.\u00a0 Lower Whiteley was a related settlement to the east which appears on 19th<\/sup>-century Ordnance Survey maps and which gave its name to Lower Whiteley Dean Brook, meaning the stream (Old English br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em>) which flows through the valley (denu<\/em>) near or beside Lower Whiteley\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOW HALL NATURE RESERVE <\/strong>near Platt Bridge <\/strong>is one of the Flashes of Wigan and Leigh<\/strong>.\u00a0 Low or Lowe Hall<\/em> is recorded in 1377 as a country house, its name derived from Old English hl<\/em>\u0101w <\/em>(\u2018hill, mound\u2019).\u00a0 Low Hall colliery began working in 1847 and was finally closed in 1931.\u00a0 The polluted site, with flashes produced by the flooding of<\/p>\n

land which had subsided during underground mining operations, was reclaimed and developed over a period of about 30 years before being designated as a nature reserve in 2009.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

The LOWRY<\/strong> is a theatre and gallery centre in Salford Quays<\/strong> that was opened by Queen Elizabth II on 12 October 2000.\u00a0 It is named after the artist, L S Lowry<\/em> (1887-1986), who was famed for his paintings of industrial buildings and landscapes in Greater Manchester<\/strong> and elsewhere.\u00a0 Many of Lowry\u2019s paintings (see<\/em> Appendix 2) are on now display at the Lowry gallery.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWRY\u2019S STEPS <\/strong>or LOWRY\u2019S FOOTBRIDGE\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>COLLYHURST FOOTBRIDGE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWTON<\/strong> is a residential area south of Leigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, which also gives its name to the outlying area of Lowton Common, Lowton St Mary\u2019s<\/strong> and Town of Lowton.\u00a0 The name is recorded from 1202 as Lauton<\/em> and this is said to mean \u2018hill settlement or farmstead\u2019, from Old English hl<\/em>\u0101w <\/em>(\u2018hill, mound\u2019) + t\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018village, farmstead\u2019).\u00a0 Despite the suggestion of its modern spelling, Lowton sits on a slight hill.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWTON ST MARY\u2019S <\/strong>is a residential area south-east of Lowton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 As Lowton\u2019s population expanded in the 19th<\/sup> century with mine and mill workers, an Anglican church named St Mary\u2019s<\/em> was built in 1859-61, so that the area became known as Lowton St Mary\u2019s.\u00a0 The name was perhaps standardised by the opening of Lowton St Mary\u2019s station by the Wigan Junction Railways in 1884.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LUDWORTH<\/strong> is an area of Marple<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally part of Derbyshire<\/strong>, but was transferred to Cheshire<\/strong> in 1934 and to Greater Manchester<\/strong> in 1974.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Lodeuorth<\/em> but something close to the modern spelling was found in Luddeworthe<\/em> in 1330.\u00a0\u00a0 The name is an eponym meaning \u2018Luda\u2019s enclosure\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Luda <\/em>+ worth<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LUMB BROOK <\/strong>is a short tributary of the River Medlock<\/strong> which rises north of Droylsden<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> and flows north-west to join the Medlock.\u00a0 It means \u2018deep hole in or by a stream\u2019, from Old English Old English lumm<\/em> (\u2018a pool\u2019) + br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em> (\u2018dirty stream\u2019).\u00a0 \u2018Lumb\u2019 is a dialect word that is largely confined to places in West Yorkshire<\/strong>, Greater Manchester<\/strong>, Lancashire<\/strong> and northern Cheshire<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LUMB HOLE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises on the moors north-west of Denshaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It has two short tributaries, Cherry Brook<\/strong> and Brimmy Brook<\/strong>, and it meets the Tame in Denshaw.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but would seem to mean \u2018the stream (Old English broc<\/em>) with or originating in a deep pool (lumb<\/em>) in a hollow (hol<\/em>).\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1786-87, when Lumb Hole Mill was built.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LUZLEY <\/strong>is a village north of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded on 1246 as Luseleg<\/em>, probably from the Old English hl<\/em>\u014dse<\/em> (\u2018pig sty\u2019) + l\u0113ah <\/em>(‘wood, clearing or meadow’).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LUZLEY BROOK <\/strong>is a residential area north-east of Royton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It developed in the early 19th<\/sup> century as a hamlet around the Angel Inn, a pub on the Rochdale<\/strong> turnpike road built in 1810.\u00a0 The hamlet took its name from the nearby stream, which is a tributary of the River Irk<\/strong>.\u00a0 Luzley is usually said to derive from the Old English hl<\/em>\u014dse<\/em> (\u2018pig sty\u2019) + l\u0113ah <\/em>(‘wood, clearing or meadow’), but the Luzley Brook<\/em> is thought to have included a pen for stray cattle rather than pigs.\u00a0 However, the original meaning of hl<\/em>\u014dse<\/em> was probably more general \u2013 simply a shed or a shelter, which could describe a pen for cattle.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The LYCEUM THEATRE <\/strong>is part of a cultural hub housed in the Lyceum Building in central Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally built in 1856 as centre for art, education and literature in the town, and the theatre was added in 1938.\u00a0 The name comes from the Greek lykeion<\/em>, meaning \u2018a centre for gymnastics and philosophy\u2019.\u00a0 It was first adopted in English for the Lyceum Theatre in London in 1765 and lyceums were subsequently built in many English towns and cities.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LYDGATE\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>There are several places called Lydgate across England, including at least two in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is derived from the Old English hlid-geat<\/em>, meaning \u2018swing gate\u2019 \u2013 a gate across a field or road to prevent cattle from straying or perhaps to collect tolls.\u00a0 Lydgate in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldam<\/strong> is recorded from the 16th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Lydgate gives its name to Lydgate Clough, a stream which flows north-west from Lydgate to meet the River Roch<\/strong> in Calderbrook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LYME PARK<\/strong> is a country house and estate owned by the National Trust.\u00a0 It is officially in Cheshire<\/strong> but the postal address is in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1312 as Lyme<\/em> and as parcum de Lyme<\/em> in 1466.\u00a0 The name means \u2018forest\u2019 rather than \u2018lime\u2019, and refers to the ancient forest of Lancashire<\/strong> known as the Lyme, <\/em>which gives its name to Ashton-under-Lyne <\/strong>and Limehurst<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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M<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MACKIE MAYOR <\/strong>is a retail area housed in the last remaining building of Smithfield Market<\/strong> in what is now the Northern Quarter<\/strong> of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The original building was opened in 1858 by Ivie Mackie<\/em> (1805-1873), a Scotsman who was Lord Mayor<\/em> of Manchester in 1857-1860 and whose name is inscribed above the entrance.\u00a0 The old Smithfield Market was closed in 1972 but the Mackie building was preserved.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u201cMADCHESTER\u201d <\/strong>was the nickname given to describe the vibrant Manchester music scene of the late 1980s and early 1990s, much of which centred on the H<\/strong>a\u00e7ienda<\/strong> nightclub in Gaythorn<\/strong> in central Manchester.\u00a0 <\/strong>The term was coined by Philip Shotton and Keith Jobling of Factory Records, and popularised by Factory Records director, Tony Wilson, and the Happy Mondays band with their 1989 album entitled \u2018Madchester Rave On\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MAIDENS\u2019 BRIDGE <\/strong>is a road bridge over Gore Brook<\/strong> in Gorton<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 1737 by George Ryder <\/strong>and is said to have been given its name because replaced a ford and so saved local women from lifting their skirts as they crossed the brook on stepping stones.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MAINE ROAD<\/strong> is a road south of Manchester<\/strong> city centre that runs west of and parallel to Oxford Road<\/strong>.\u00a0 The road gave its name to Manchester City Football Club\u2019s stadium from 1923 to 2003, when it moved to the Etihad<\/strong> stadium.\u00a0 In the mid-19th<\/sup> century the road was called \u2018Dog Kennel Lane\u2019 as it led south to Dog Kennel Farm near Platt Fields<\/strong> where the dogs of the Didsbury<\/strong> Hunt had once been kept.\u00a0 Some adjacent land was purchased by the local temperance society in the early 1870s, but the society felt the name was inappropriate and in 1876 the name \u2018Maine Road\u2019 was adopted in reference to the prohibition laws passed by the U.S. state of Maine<\/em> in 1851.\u00a0 The dog kennels also inspired the name of Dog Kennel Brook, a stream, now largely culverted, which rises in Rusholme<\/strong> and flow south-west, passing close to what is now Maine Road.\u00a0 It then joins Chorlton<\/strong> Brook south of Mauldeth Road<\/strong> and eventually empties into the Bridgewater Canal.\u00a0 <\/strong>The American state of Maine was originally the colonial province of Maine, named in 1622 because of its Atlantic coastline and islands by the maine<\/em>, i.e. the sea.\u00a0 It became a U.S. state in 1820.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MAKERFIELD<\/strong> is a town that was in Lancashire<\/strong> until 1974, but is now divided between the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> in Greater Manchester<\/strong> and the Metropolitan Borough of St Helens in Merseyside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1121 as Macrefeld<\/em>, which is usually interpreted as \u2018open land by walls or ruins\u2019, where Celtic macre<\/em> seems to refer to the ruins of an older settlement in Wigan, but no further details are known.\u00a0 Alternatively, Macre<\/em> could be a Celtic personal name.\u00a0 It gives its name to Ashton-in-Makerfield,<\/strong> Ince-in-Makerfield <\/strong>and Orrell<\/strong>-in-Makerfield.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MAMUCIUM<\/strong> or MANCUNIUM<\/strong> forms part of the Castlefield<\/strong> Urban Heritage Park, which was opened to the public in 1982.\u00a0 It includes the excavated archaeological remains of the Roman fort of Mamucium<\/em>, as well as reconstructions of other parts.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u201cMANC-HATTAN\u201d <\/strong>is a nickname for the regeneration area at the southern area of Deansgate<\/strong> where several skyscrapers have been built in recent years.\u00a0 The term is a portmanteau word from Manc<\/em>hester + Manhattan<\/em> and seems to have been invented by Cale Green<\/strong>-based artist Eric Jackson in his 2019 poster \u2018Manc-hattan \u2013 Just like New York, but so much more charming\u2019.\u00a0 The poster shows skyscrapers towering above the \u2018Peveril of the Peak\u2019 pub in central Manchester<\/strong> (named after Sir Walter Scott\u2019s 1823 novel) and the statue of Prime Minister William Gladstone (1809-1898) in Albert Square<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER <\/strong>is a settlement in north-west England that was historically in Lancashire<\/strong> until 1974, when it became one of the 10 metropolitan boroughs of Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was established in about AD 79 as the Roman fort of Mamucium<\/strong>, a name probably taken from an older Celtic settlement meaning \u2018breast-shaped hill\u2019, from the Celtic mamm<\/em>.\u00a0 The Roman legions abandoned their fort in about AD 410 but by the time of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle at the end of the 9th<\/sup> century, the name had evolved to Mameceaster<\/em>, a hybrid with the Old English ceaster<\/em> (\u2018Roman fort\u2019) added to the Celtic root and a similar spelling of Mamecestre <\/em>was recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1). \u00a0The modern spelling with N rather than M is found from 1480 and was used by Celia Fiennes in 1698 and Daniel Defoe in about 1725.\u00a0 Manchester did not get its first MPs until 1832 and it was granted city status in 1853.\u00a0 At much the same time, the importance of the textile trade led to the nickname of \u201cCottonopolis<\/strong>\u201d.\u00a0 Since 1974 urban regeneration and the emergence of different cultures have seen new place names such as \u2018Madchester<\/strong>\u2019, China Town<\/strong>, Curry Mile<\/strong>, Eastlands<\/strong>, Gay Village<\/strong>, Manc-hattan<\/strong>, Northern Quarter<\/strong>, etc.\u00a0 A 2017 campaign to rename the city \u2018Personchester<\/strong>\u2019 because it was thought to be sexist foundered on its mistaken etymology.\u00a0 Manchester has lent its name to many places in the USA, including Manchester, New Hampshire.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

MANCHESTER AIRPORT<\/strong> is an international airport some 11 kilometres south-west of the city centre.\u00a0 It was originally opened in 1938 and known as Manchester Ringway<\/strong> Airport but the name was changed to Manchester International Airport in 1975.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER ARENA <\/strong>is an entertainment and sporting venue in central Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 1993-95 above Victoria Station<\/strong>, which has four platforms dedicated to traffic to and from the Arena.\u00a0 It has been known by various names relating to company sponsorship:\u00a0 NYNEX (New York New England Exchange) Arena, MEN (Manchester Evening News) Arena, the Phones 4u Arena, and, since 2020, the AO (Appliances Online) Arena.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER CENTRAL STATION\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> GMEX<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER EXCHANGE STATION\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> EXCHANGE STATION<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER MUSEUM OF SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0See<\/em> LIVERPOOL ROAD<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER OXFORD ROAD STATION\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> OXFORD ROAD<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER PICCADILLY STATION\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> PICCADILLY STATION<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER SHIP CANAL <\/strong>is a 58-kilometre man-made waterway linking Manchester<\/strong> with the Irish Sea at Liverpool.\u00a0 It was built in 1887-1893 as the largest and last canal built in Britain.\u00a0 It was opened by Queen Victoria<\/strong> at Mode Wheel<\/strong> on 21 May 1894.\u00a0 It went into decline in the last quarter of the 20th<\/sup> century and the docks at Salford<\/strong> were purchased by Salford City Council from the Ship Canal Company in 1984 and developed as Salford Quays<\/strong>.\u00a0 The current owners of the canal plan to develop its potential for container traffic.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER VICTORIA STATION\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> VICTORIA STATION<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANLEY PARK <\/strong>is a residential area in Whalley Range<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong> and also a small park in the same area.\u00a0 It dates from 1857, when Samuel Mendel (1811-1884), a wealthy ship owner known as the \u2018Merchant Prince\u2019, built Manley Hall<\/em> with 50 rooms and a very good art collection in 32 hectares of gardens and greenhouses.\u00a0 Mendel made his fortune carrying Manchester textiles to India and Australia round the Cape of Good Hope but lost it when the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 gave his competitors a commercial advantage.\u00a0 The estate had to be auctioned and the grounds were used as a pleasure park, but they were gradually sold off for urban development and the house was demolished in 1905.\u00a0 The park is all that remains of the original grounds.\u00a0 The name means \u2018communal wood clearing\u2019, from the old English m<\/em>\u01e3ne<\/em> (\u2018common, belonging to all men\u2019) + l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018woodland clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARIE LOUISE GARDENS <\/strong>is a 2-hectare park between West Didsbury<\/strong> and Northenden <\/strong>in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is named after Marie Louise<\/em> Bagshawe, who was the daughter of Johann Georg Silkenstadt from Bremen in Germany, a wealthy cotton merchant who emigrated to Manchester in about 1865.\u00a0 Marie Louise died in 1891 and the park was donated to the people of Manchester in her memory by her mother, Josephine Helene Silkenstadt.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARK ADDY BRIDGE\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> WODEN FOOTBRIDGE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARKLAND HILL <\/strong>is a residential area west of Bolton<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is found elsewhere in Lancashire dating from the 13th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It would seem to mean \u2018boundary area hill\u2019, from Old English mearc <\/em>(\u2018boundary, border\u2019) + land<\/em> (\u2018tract of land\u2019) + hyll<\/em>, perhaps marking the boundary between farms, villages or parishes.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARLAND<\/strong> is a residential area in north-west Castleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1200 as Merlande<\/em>, meaning either \u2018tract of land by a lake\u2019, from Old English mere<\/em> (\u2018lake\u2019) + land<\/em>, or \u2018boundary land\u2019, from Old English m<\/em>\u01e3re<\/em> (\u2018boundary, border\u2019) + land<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARPLE<\/strong> is a town on the River Goyt<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, about 14 kilometres south-east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 Until 1974 it was part of Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1122 as Merpille<\/em> and with its modern spelling in 1355.\u00a0 The name means \u2018boundary stream\u2019, from Old English m<\/em>\u01e3re<\/em> (\u2018boundary\u2019) + pyll<\/em> (\u2018pool in a river; stream\u2019), referring to the River Goyt, which was traditionally the boundary between Cheshire<\/strong> and Derbyshire<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARPLE BRIDGE<\/strong> is a residential area on the River Goyt<\/strong> north-east of Marple<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the nearby village of Marple<\/strong> but is recorded separately as Marple Bridge in 1685.\u00a0 The bridge over the Goyt which gives the place its name was said to be in need of repair in 1621, so undoubtedly dated from much earlier.\u00a0 It seems that it was repaired but needed replacement by the 1790s.\u00a0 The new bridge was built in 1800 and this is the bridge that stands today, although it was widened in 1930.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARSH GREEN <\/strong>is a suburban area north of Pemberton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was recorded in the 19th<\/sup> century as a village but was developed as a housing estate in the 1950s.\u00a0 The name seems to be quite literal \u2013 a grassy area in marshes north of the Close Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the River Douglas<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARSLAND GREEN <\/strong>is a village west of Astley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> beside the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The name is recorded in the early 17th<\/sup> century as Marsley Green<\/em> and both names are recorded in the second half of the 19th<\/sup> century, but Marsland Green seems to have become the preferred name in the 20th<\/sup>.\u00a0 Marsley<\/em> means \u2018clearing in marshy land\u2019, from Old English mersc<\/em> + l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em>, referring to the local swampland.\u00a0 Green<\/em> refers to the pasture that was used for horses on the Bolton-Leigh<\/strong> turnpike and the Leigh extension of the Bridgewater Canal.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARSLANDS<\/strong> is a village south-west of Diggle<\/strong> in the Saddleworth<\/strong> area of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is an eponym recorded in 1322-23 in reference to Robert de Merslande<\/em>.\u00a0 The name is ultimately derived from the Old English mersc<\/em> (\u2018marsh) + land<\/em> (\u2018land, estate\u2019), suggesting that it was a drained moorland peat bog.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARTINSCROFT<\/strong> is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Warrington in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1332 and is an eponym meaning \u2018Martin<\/em>\u2019s enclosure or small farm\u2019.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 In Greater Manchester<\/strong> today there is a Metrolink tram stop called \u2018Martinscroft\u2019 that was opened on 3 November 2014 and which takes its name from its position on Martinscroft<\/em> Road.\u00a0 Martinscroft Road simply means \u2018the road to Martinscroft\u2019, which lies directly to the west.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARTLAND MILL <\/strong>is an industrial area beside the River Douglas<\/strong> and the Leeds & Liverpool Canal on the edge of Wigan<\/strong>, north-west of the town centre. The name dates back to the 14th<\/sup> century, when Martland<\/em> Manor and its corn mill were first recorded.\u00a0 The name is taken from the Markland<\/em> family, who were a prominent family in the Wigan area in mediaeval times.\u00a0 The mill seems to have gone out of use when the Douglas Navigation was built in 1738-42, cutting off its water supply.\u00a0 The manor house was not demolished until the 20th<\/sup> century, when the land was cleared to make way for Martland Mill industrial estate.\u00a0 Markland is said to derive from Old English mearc <\/em>(\u2018boundary\u2019) + lanu<\/em> (\u2018lane, road\u2019) as this marked the boundary between the parishes of Wigan and Standish<\/strong>.\u00a0 Over time, Markelane<\/em> was rationalised to Martland<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARUS BRIDGE <\/strong>is a residential area of Goose Green<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is taken from a bridge<\/em> in the town carrying the old Roman road from Wigan to Warrington and it has been given to a retail park nearby.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but local sources suggest that the bridge commemorates a Roman general named Marcus<\/em> who was in command of the district in about 130 AD.\u00a0 Whether the bridge was originally built by Marcus or was named at a later date is unclear.\u00a0 It is thought that in time the name was corrupted from Marcus to Marus.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARYLEBONE<\/strong> or MARRIEBONNE<\/strong> is a residential area east of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The spelling and origin of the name are uncertain and there have been many suggestions.\u00a0 It seems that the original name was Mariebonne \u2013 the first references seem to be Mariebonne House<\/em>, which was built in 1855, and cottages built on Mariebonne Place in 1895-1914.\u00a0 However, the spelling Marylebone is also found on maps before the end of the 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Suggestions for the origin include farms called Merrybone<\/em> or Marrowbone<\/em>, or a church called St Mary-on-the-Bourne <\/em>whose name may have been influenced by the Marylebone<\/em> district of London, which similarly originated as St Mary\u2019s bourne.\u00a0 Perhaps most convincing is that Mariebonne means \u2018St Mary the Good\u2019 and refers to a church or parish with this or a similar name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MATLEY<\/strong> is a rural area south of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1211 as Mattel <\/em>and as Mattlegh <\/em>in 1316.\u00a0 The name is an eponym meaning \u2018Matta\u2019s clearing\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Matta <\/em>+ l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018glade, woodland clearing\u2019).\u00a0 Oak Farm in Matley may suggest the type of woodland that was cleared.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MAULDETH ROAD <\/strong>stretches from Chorlton <\/strong>in the City of Manchester <\/strong>to Heaton Moor<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> and gives its name to a conservation area along the road.\u00a0 The name of the road is derived from Mauldeth Hall,<\/em> built in 1832-1840 and later used as the first residence of the Bishop of Manchester, but it is likely that the name is much older.\u00a0 It means \u2018marly earth\u2019, from the Middle English marle <\/em>+ eorthe<\/em>, referring to the clay in the soil in the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MAYFIELD PARK <\/strong>today is a 2.5-hectare public park sited on reclaimed land in central Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 Its name comes from the Old English m<\/em>\u00e6ddre<\/em>, meaning \u2018the mayweed or madder plant\u2018 (which, perhaps significantly, is used to produce a red dye, which may have been used in the textile industries) + feld<\/em>, \u2018field\u2019.\u00a0 At the end of the 18th<\/sup> century the area around what was then the small town of Manchester was surrounded by various fields and Mayfield was situated on the north bank of the River Medlock<\/strong>.\u00a0 In 1782, it was purchased by Thomas Hoyle, who built a large calico and printing works, including a dye house.\u00a0 The site was purchased by the London & North Western Railway for the new Mayfield station, which was opened in 1910 as a relief station for Manchester London Road<\/strong> (today, Manchester Piccadilly<\/strong>).\u00a0 Mayfield station was closed to passengers in 1960 and to all rail services in 1986.\u00a0 It gradually became derelict but in 2019 Depot Mayfield, a music venue, was opened, and in 2022 the southern part of the site was developed as Mayfield Park.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MEALHOUSE BROW<\/strong> is a street in central Stockport<\/strong> that appears in two paintings by L S Lowry (see<\/em> Appendix 2).\u00a0 It was recorded in 1680 as Wynn Bank (\u2018winding hill\u2019) and later as Dungeon Brow (as it was sited above the cells used for prisoners awaiting trial).\u00a0 It became known as Mealhouse Brow as it was the location for storing and selling grain or meal<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MEASUREMENTS HALT <\/strong>was a railway station opened in July 1932 by the London Midland & Scottish Railway to serve the Dobcross<\/strong> clock factory of Measurements<\/em> Ltd.\u00a0\u00a0 It was closed in May 1955 when the line from Oldham<\/strong> to Delph<\/strong> was shut.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MEDIACITYUK<\/strong>\u00a0is a property development in the Salford Quays<\/strong> district of the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 2007-2013 and named because major media <\/em>companies, including both the BBC and ITV Granada, built studios and production facilities there.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River MEDLOCK<\/strong> rises in Saddleworth<\/strong> and flows south-west for 16 kilometres into the Irwell<\/strong> in Hulme<\/strong> in the centre of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded as the Medlak<\/em> in 1292 and means \u2018meadow stream\u2019, from Old English m<\/em>\u01e3d <\/em>\u2018meadow\u2019 + lacu <\/em>\u2018stream\u2019.\u00a0 The form Medlok<\/em> appears in about 1540 and seems to be influenced by a false association with the word \u2018lock\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MELLOR <\/strong>is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally in Derbyshire<\/strong>, then became part of Cheshire<\/strong> in 1936, before being included in Greater Manchester<\/strong> in 1974.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1130 as Melver <\/em>or Meluer <\/em>and is said to mean \u2018the bare or smooth-topped hill\u2019 from the Celtic moel<\/em> (\u2019bare, bald\u2019) + bre<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MERCIA<\/strong> was one of the seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, located in the Midlands of England.\u00a0 It was established in about AD 527 and extended as far north as the River Mersey<\/strong>, although its control extended north of the Mersey into Northumbria<\/strong> and what are now parts of Great Manchester<\/strong> at times, especially after the Mercians\u2019 conversion to Christianity in the second half of the 7th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name is, like that of the Mersey, derived from the Old English m<\/em>\u01e3re<\/em>, meaning \u2018boundary\u2019 as the Mercians were thought of as \u2018boundary people\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MERE BROOK <\/strong>or MERE CLOUGH <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong> that rises in Waterdale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> and flows south-west through Philips Park <\/strong>to join the Irwell east of Prestwich<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1772, when a bleach works was built at the lower end of Mere Clough.\u00a0 The name comes from the Old English mere<\/em>, meaning \u2018lake, pond\u2019 + br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em> (\u2018stream\u2019) or cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em> (\u2018deep valley\u2019).\u00a0 Mere Brook is also known as Asylum Brook as it flows past Prestwich Mental Hospital, which was opened in 1851 as the Lancashire<\/strong> County Lunatic Asylum<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River MERSEY<\/strong>\u00a0is a major waterway of Greater<\/strong> Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is formed in Stockport<\/strong> through the confluence of the rivers Goyt<\/strong> and Tame<\/strong> and then flows westward.\u00a0 It joins the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> for some 6.5 kilometres but then separates near Warrington and flows into the Irish Sea at Liverpool, over 110 kilometres from its source.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1002 as M<\/em>\u00e6rse<\/em>, meaning \u2018boundary river\u2019 from the Old English gem<\/em>\u00e6re<\/em> (\u2018boundary\u2019) + \u0113a<\/em> (\u2018river\u2019).\u00a0 The Mersey formed the boundary between the old Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of Mercia<\/strong> and Northumbria<\/strong> from about AD 600 and, later on, between Cheshire<\/strong> and Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Virtually all of the rivers and brooks across Greater Manchester are tributaries of the Mersey, and the river gives its name to at least two towns in the county \u2013 Ashton-upon-Mersey<\/strong> and Heaton Mersey<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The MERSEY & IRWELL NAVIGATION <\/strong>was constructed in 1724-1734 to provide a navigable route between the Mersey at Runcorn and the Irwell<\/strong> at Hunt\u2019s Bank<\/strong> in Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was one of the first major man-made waterways in England but was not a true canal as it merely improved the existing rivers by eliminating meanders to straighten and shorten the route, and constructed weirs and locks to facilitate navigation.\u00a0 The word navigation<\/em> in this sense dates from 1720, and the Mersey & Irwell Navigation<\/strong> Act of 1720 was one of the very first uses.\u00a0 Among the locks were Throstles Nest<\/strong>, Mode Wheel<\/strong>, Barton<\/strong>, Calamanco <\/strong>and Sandywarps<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was a great success for nearly 150 years but had largely fallen out of use by the time the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> was completed in 1894.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MERSEYSIDE <\/strong>is a county to the west of Greater Manchester<\/strong> that was created in 1974 in what was previously south-west Lancashire<\/strong> and parts of northern Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1899 as a general term meaning \u2018beside <\/em>the River Mersey<\/em>\u2019 but was adopted as the name of the new county using the same model as counties and boroughs elsewhere in England, including Tameside<\/strong> in Greater Manchester.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MERSEY SQUARE <\/strong>is a pedestrianised shopping centre in Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in 1970 and was one of the first shopping precincts in Britain.\u00a0 It is named after the River Mersey<\/em>, which originates in Stockport and which runs deep beneath Mersey Square.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MESNES PARK<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0See<\/em> WORSLEY MESNES<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MICKER BROOK\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>BOLLINHURST BROOK<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MICKLEHURST<\/strong> is a district in Mossley<\/strong> in the Borough of Tameside<\/strong> that was formerly part of Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1345 as Mikelhourst<\/em>, from the Old English micel<\/em>, meaning \u2018large or great\u2019 + hyrst<\/em>, meaning \u2018wooded hill\u2019.\u00a0 It gives its name to Micklehurst Brook, a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MIDDLEBROOK<\/strong> or MIDDLE BROOK<\/strong> is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1292 as Mikelbrok<\/em>, meaning \u2018great brook\u2019, from the Old English micel<\/em> (\u2018big, great\u2019) + broc<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018brook, stream\u2019).\u00a0 The brook gave its name to the settlement and, over the years, the names of both became rationalised to \u2018Middlebrook\u2019.\u00a0 The Middle Brook itself is a tributary of the River Croal <\/strong>and was the usual name for the Croal until early in the 19th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MIDDLE HEALEY\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> HEALEY<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MIDDLE HULTON<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0See <\/em>HULTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MIDDLE NADEN RESERVOIR\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> NADEN<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MIDDLETON<\/strong> is a town on the River Irk<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are many places called Middleton<\/em> in Britain, all meaning \u2018middle homestead, village or settlement\u2019 and deriving from Old English middel<\/em> + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>.\u00a0 Middleton in Rochdale is recorded in 1194 as Middelton, <\/em>and is thought to be a reference to its position midway between Manchester<\/strong> and Rochdale<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MIDDLETON JUNCTION<\/strong> is an area in Middleton<\/strong> in the Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and Chadderton<\/strong> in the Borough of Oldham <\/strong>which was developed in the early 19th<\/sup> century as an industrial area along the Rochdale Canal.\u00a0 The Manchester & Leeds Railway\u2019s main line between the two cities was built in 1839 with a junction to Oldham Werneth<\/strong> and a station was opened on 31 March 1842.\u00a0 Initially named Oldham Junction, the station was renamed Middleton Junction<\/em> in 1852.\u00a0 The station was closed in 1966 and demolished but the area surrounding it retains the name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MIDLAND HOTEL<\/strong> is a large hotel in central Manchester<\/strong> opened in 1903 by the Midland<\/em> Railway close to its Manchester Central<\/strong> station.\u00a0 It is said to have been the first building in Britain to be air-conditioned, and in 1904 Charles Rolls met Henry Royce there and formed the Rolls Royce car company.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MID REDDISH\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> REDDISH<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MILE END<\/strong> is an area of Davenport<\/strong> in Stockport<\/strong> whose name means \u2018place at the end of a mile\u2019 from the centre of Stockport.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1587, when Alexander Lowe, the mayor of Stockport, was living in Mile End Hall<\/em>, which stood on the main road from Manchester <\/strong>to London (now the A6).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MILES PLATTING<\/strong> is an inner-city suburb of Manchester<\/strong> lying approximately 2 kilometres north-east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name first appears in 1742 referring to a bridge that carried the Oldham<\/strong> Road over Newton Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name comes from platting<\/em>, a Lancashire dialect term for a \u2018small bridge\u2019, which was located a mile <\/em>from the city centre.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MILL BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Douglas<\/strong> that rises north-east of Shevington <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and flows south to meet the Douglas near Crooke<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is derived from 18th<\/sup> century corn mills<\/em> in the area, probably Standish<\/strong> Mill on what then became Mill Brook.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MILLBROOK<\/strong> is a village near Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name literally means \u2018the mill by the brook\u2019 and is recorded in 1831.\u00a0 The mills referred to were cotton mills that were built in the early part of the 19th<\/sup> century and the brook is Swineshaw<\/strong> Brook (meaning \u2018swine wood\u2019), also first recorded in 1831, which flows through the village.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The name was perhaps standardised when the London & North Western Railway opened a station called Staley & Millbrook in July 1886.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MILL BROW, Marple Bridge<\/strong>, is a hamlet north-west of Mellor <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is believed that Ludworth<\/strong> Mill, a 13th-century corn mill<\/em> which served the scattered farms of what was then western Derbyshire<\/strong>, was the mill that gave the hamlet its name.\u00a0 The mill was presumably at the foot of the brow in the valley of Mill or Mill Brow Brook (a tributary of the River Goyt<\/strong>) below Mill Brow itself.\u00a0 Mill Brow is recorded in 1857 but Ludworth Mill is found rather earlier in 1714.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MILL BROW, Worsley<\/strong>, is a residential area north of Boothstown <\/strong>in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is derived from a corn mill which stood at the bottom of the brow (Old English bru<\/em> meaning \u2018a steep hill or bank that leads up from a river\u2019) and which was presumably powered by water from Stirrup Brook<\/strong>, which later becomes Ellen Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The corn mill is recorded in 1206 and was not finally demolished until 1904.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MILLERS BROOK <\/strong>is a short tributary of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 It rises north of Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and then flows north-east through Queen\u2019s Park<\/strong> to meet the Roch.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1847, when Millers Brook Mill<\/em> was erected, but may date back much further to the building of a water wheel to power a corn or textile mill<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MILLINGFORD BROOK <\/strong>is a 15-kilometre stream that rises near Billinge <\/strong>and flows south-west through Golborne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, before turning west to join Newton Brook<\/strong> and then flowing into the River Mersey<\/strong> at Sankey Bridges outside Warrington.\u00a0\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the 19th<\/sup> century and it is thought that it was probably originally called Golborne.\u00a0 At some point it was renamed Millingford Brook \u2013 \u2018the ford across the brook where milling takes place\u2019 \u2013 probably referring to a mediaeval corn milling<\/em> waterwheel rather than industrial cotton milling.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MILLS HILL<\/strong> is an industrial and residential area in east Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It lies on the Rochdale Canal and the River Irk<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented and, although many textile mills were built in the area in the 19th<\/sup> century, the name may be older and could refer to windmills<\/em> or corn mills<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MILNROW<\/strong> is a town on the River Beal<\/strong> in the Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> that was part of Lancashire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is first recorded as Milnehuses<\/em> in the 13th<\/sup> century but had become Mylnerowe<\/em> by 1554.\u00a0 The name means \u2018row of houses by a mill\u2019 from the Old English myln<\/em> (\u2018mill\u2019) + r<\/em>\u0101w<\/em> (\u2018a row of houses, trees, etc\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MIRRLEES FIELDS<\/strong> is a location in Hazel Grove<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> that includes the former factory site and recreational grounds of the Mirrlees<\/em> Engineering Company.\u00a0 The company was established in Glasgow in 1840 but moved to Hazel Grove in 1908, producing diesel engines.\u00a0 It closed in 2000 and the land may be developed into a housing estate.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MITCHELL HEY<\/strong> is a residential area of Rochdale<\/strong> west of the town centre within a loop in the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is believed to be an eponym derived from the family name Mitchell <\/em>+ Old English h<\/em>\u00e6g <\/em>meaning \u2018enclosure, hedged enclosure\u2019.\u00a0 In 1859 the site was purchased from a Mr William Holt by the Rochdale Pioneers<\/strong> for a steam-powered weaving mill to be run on co-operative principles.\u00a0 The chairman at the time was J T W Mitchell (1828-1895), but the naming of the mill was coincidental.\u00a0 When the mill was demolished, a block of flats with the same name was erected on the site in the 1960s.\u00a0 In 2017 it was announced that this block would be demolished as part of a new housing scheme.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MODE WHEEL <\/strong>today is an industrial estate in the City of Salford<\/strong> beside the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The Mode Wheel locks were the last on the Manchester Ship Canal, lifting ships 4 metres to the level of Salford docks, and it was at the Mode Wheel locks that Queen Victoria<\/strong> officially opened the Manchester Ship Canal on 21 May 1894.\u00a0 The Mode Wheel locks pre-dated the Manchester Ship Canal by some 170 years, having originally been built in the late 1720s as one of the 8 sets of locks on the Mersey & Irwell Navigation<\/strong>, enabling ships to sail from Runcorn to Hunt\u2019s Bank<\/strong> at Salford.\u00a0 The original Mode Wheel was a waterwheel that must have been constructed in the 16th<\/sup> century or even earlier to power a corn mill.\u00a0 This was named Maud\u2019s Mill<\/em> but the name had been corrupted to \u2018Mode Wheel\u2019 by the 1720s.\u00a0 Maud cannot be identified with any certainty but a Maud<\/em> de Worsley is known to have land in Pendleton<\/strong>, Woodhouses<\/strong> and Wallness<\/strong> in 1332.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOLYNEUX BROW<\/strong> was a hamlet north-west of Clifton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name was recorded in the early 17th<\/sup> century as Mullineux Brow<\/em> and with its more modern spelling in 1853, when the East Lancashire Railway opened Molyneux Brow<\/em> station, taking its name from a few cottages nearby.\u00a0 The name is assumed to be an Anglo-Norman eponym:\u00a0 a Norman from the town of Moulineaux<\/em> (\u2018mill of the waters\u2019) came over with William the Conqueror in 1066 and one of his descendants was given a manor in Sefton, outside Liverpool.\u00a0 The family were influential in Lancashire and two – Sir Thomas Molyneux<\/em> and Sir William Molyneux<\/em> – <\/strong>became sheriffs of the county in the late 15th<\/sup> and early 16th<\/sup> centuries.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MONKS HALL <\/strong>is a building in Eccles<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The original building is believed to date back to 1234 and took its name either from the monks<\/em> of Whalley Abbey, who owned land in Eccles, or from the de Monks<\/em> family, who are known to have lived in Eccles.\u00a0 Various buildings with various uses have stood on the site.\u00a0 The 17th<\/sup>-century building was purchased by Eccles council in 1959 and converted into a museum, but this closed in the late 1980s.\u00a0 Much of the building was destroyed by fire in 2016 and there are currently plans to convert it into housing.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MONSALL<\/strong> is a suburb of Manchester<\/strong>, north-east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name was recorded as Monshalgh<\/em> in 1546 and means \u2018monk\u2019s (Old English monke<\/em>) corner or nook (halh<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MONTON<\/strong> is a residential area in the City of Salford<\/strong>, lying on Dean\u2019s Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1190 as Mawinton<\/em>, believed to be an eponym meaning \u2018Mawinga\u2019s or Mawa\u2019s village or farmstead\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>.\u00a0 An alternative suggestion is that the name may be derived from monk<\/em> + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> as it is known that there was a monastic community in the area in mediaeval times.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MONTSERRAT<\/strong> is a residential area north-east of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is Catalan, meaning \u2018serrated or jagged mountain\u2019.\u00a0 It is said that a row of cottages was built early in the 19th<\/sup> century by an ex-soldier who had fought with the Duke of Wellington<\/strong> in the Peninsular War in Spain.\u00a0 In 1811 and 1812 the monastery at Montserrat<\/em> in Catalonia in north-east Spain was destroyed by Napoleon\u2019s troops and the builder named the cottages to commemorate the monastery.\u00a0 In the 1930s the cottages were demolished and, after the war, an estate was built and given the name Montserrat.\u00a0 The estate now seems to be called Johnson Fold<\/strong> but Montserrat still appears on maps as the name of the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOORCLOSE<\/strong> is a residential area of Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is not well documented before the 19th<\/sup> century and, while the location is close to Rooley Moor<\/strong>, the name is thought to derive from being an area of the moors<\/em> that was enclosed<\/em> following they Middleton Enclosure Act of 1803.\u00a0 After World War II, a council housing estate was built in Moorclose using the labour of former prisoners from Slattocks<\/strong> prisoner-of-war camp.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOOREND<\/strong> is a hamlet east of Mellor<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally part of Derbyshire<\/strong> but was transferred to Cheshire<\/strong> in 1936 and to Greater Manchester<\/strong> in 1974.\u00a0 The name is documented in 1640, when it marked the end of the farmland and settlements of Mellor and the start of the common land of the moors to the east.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOORGATE<\/strong> is a residential area north of Stalybridge <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1831 and literally means \u2018gate<\/em>way to the moors<\/em>\u2019, referring to its location close to the moors<\/em> of the Derbyshire<\/strong> Peak District<\/strong> to the east.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOORSIDE\u00a0<\/strong>is a suburb of north-east Oldham<\/strong>, close to the moors of Saddleworth<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1843 as Moor Side<\/em>, literally meaning \u2018beside<\/em> the moors<\/em>\u2019 of the west Pennines<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MORRIS GREEN<\/strong> is a residential area south of Daubhill<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is said to be an eponym meaning \u2018the bleaching green belonging to someone named Morris\u2019.<\/em>\u00a0 This refers to the practice of laying newly-made cloth out on a grass plot to be bleached by the sun.\u00a0 The Oxford English Dictionary<\/em> records the first use of green<\/em> with this meaning in 1738.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MORTIN BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Etherow<\/strong> that rises north of Compstall<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport <\/strong>and flows south-east for about 3.2 kilometres through Mortin Clough (Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>, \u2018a steep-sided valley\u2019) to join the Etherow.\u00a0 Mortin<\/em> is probably a personal name and was recorded as both Mortin<\/em> and Martin<\/em> on maps from the early 19th<\/sup> century but the spelling was later standardised as Mortin.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSES GATE<\/strong> is a residential area of Farnworth<\/strong> in the Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, about 4 kilometres south of Bolton town centre and 17.5 kilometres north-west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Moss Gate<\/em> in 1818 but is probably mediaeval in origin, deriving from Old English mos<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a bog or swamp\u2019) + Old Norse gata<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a road, a street\u2019).\u00a0 The original meaning would have been \u2018the road across the swamp\u2019, but was rationalised to Moses, despite having nothing to do with the Old Testament character.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSLEY COMMON <\/strong>is a residential area of Tyldesley<\/strong> in the east of the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1301 as Mosseld Yard<\/em>, meaning \u2018the woodland clearing near a swamp\u2019, from Old English mos <\/em>(\u2018marsh, swamp\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018wood, clearing\u2019).\u00a0 The use of yard<\/em> at this early date would probably be from Old English geard<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018an enclosure; a court-yard\u2019).\u00a0 The use of common<\/em> rather than yard<\/em> is found in 1747, when Mosley Common was said to be 14 hectares in area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSS BANK PARK<\/strong> is an 85-hectare public park in Bolton <\/strong>opened to the public in 1928.\u00a0 The site was formerly an estate belonging to Peter Ainsworth, a bleacher from Halliwe<\/strong>ll.\u00a0 The estate included a country house, Halliwell Hall, and fields which were used for the sun-bleaching of newly-made cloth.\u00a0 Moss Bank is a common name in the north-west, deriving from the Old English mos<\/em> (\u2018marsh, swamp\u2019) + banke<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018slope of a hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSSBROW <\/strong>is a hamlet south of Partington<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but seems to come from Moss Brow<\/em> farm, situated on the brow<\/em> or higher part of Moss Lane, which was covered with moss<\/em>.\u00a0 Some of the buildings date from the 16th<\/sup> century but it is unclear when the name came into use.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSS GATE <\/strong>is a residential area of Shaw <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, lying south of Moss Gate, a 253-metre hill in the west Pennines<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from what is now called Moss Gate<\/em> Road, which connects Rushcroft<\/strong> and Jubilee<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1847, when a Methodist church was opened on Moss Gate Road, but the derivation – Old English mos<\/em> (\u2018marsh, swamp) + Old Norse gata<\/em> (\u2018road\u2019) \u2013 suggests that it is probably much older.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSS HEY <\/strong>is a residential area of Shaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, west of the River Beal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1789, when Moss Hey<\/em> cotton mill was constructed.\u00a0 The name means \u2018enclosed area of swampy land\u2019, from Old English mos<\/em> (\u2018marsh, swamp\u2019) + h\u00e6g <\/em>meaning \u2018enclosure, hedged enclosure\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSSLEY<\/strong> is a town beside the River Tame<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, about 15 kilometres east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 It was formerly divided between Lancashire<\/strong>, Cheshire <\/strong>and the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong>, but in 1889 it was allocated wholly to Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 In 1974 it was included in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 By the start of the 19th<\/sup> century, the town was divided between Top Mossley (also known as Brookbottom<\/strong>) and Bottom Mossley (also known as Bottoms<\/strong>).\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1319 as Moselegh<\/em> and with its modern spelling from 1422.\u00a0 It means \u2018woodland clearing near a swamp\u2019, from Old English mos <\/em>(\u2018marsh, swamp\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018wood, clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSS NOOK <\/strong>is a residential part of Wythenshawe<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong> about 14.5 kilometres south of the city centre.\u00a0 Until 1931 it was a rural part of Northen Etchells<\/strong> in Cheshire<\/strong> known for its market gardening, but it underwent urban development after the Second World War.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 12th<\/sup> century as Moseknok<\/em>, meaning \u2018corner of marshy land\u2019, from Middle English mos <\/em>(\u2018bog, swamp, marsh\u2019) + nok<\/em> (\u2018corner of land\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSS PARK GARDENS <\/strong>is a small public space in Timperley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area is referred to in 1765 as a \u2018parcel of moss ground\u2019, from the old English mos<\/em> meaning \u2018marsh, swamp\u2019.\u00a0 By the 1830s it seems to have been drained as it is recorded as a farm and orchard.\u00a0 The land was sold to Altrincham<\/strong> Borough Council in 1940 and laid out as a small park in 1974.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSS SIDE<\/strong> is a residential area of Manchester<\/strong>, south of the city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1530 as Mossyde<\/em> and with its modern two-word spelling in 1594, meaning \u2018beside or edge of the swamp\u2019, from Old English mos <\/em>(\u2018marsh, swamp\u2019) + side <\/em>(\u2018beside\u2019).\u00a0 The name describes the pre-industrial landscape of much of Manchester which shocked Daniel Defoe in about 1725:\u00a0 \u2018The nature of these mosses, for we found there are many of them in this country \u2026 at a distance, looks black and dirty, and is indeed frightful to think of\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSS SLACK BROOK <\/strong>rises near Windy Hill<\/strong> on the border between the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and Calderdale in West Yorkshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It flows south-east to join Longden End Brook<\/strong>, which eventually empties into Hollingworth Lake<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name comes from Moss Slack<\/em>, the moorland area where it rises, which means\u2019 boggy hill slope\u2019, from Old English mos<\/em>, meaning \u2018marsh, bog\u2019 + Old Norse slakki<\/em>, \u2018a small shallow valley or hollow\u2019, perhaps with the idea that the slope slackens and becomes less steep.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSTON <\/strong>is suburb of Manchester<\/strong> lying about 5 kilometres north-east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name Moston<\/em> was first recorded in 1195 and is derived from Old English mos<\/em>, meaning \u2018bog or swamp\u2019+ t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>, \u2019settlement or farm\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSTON BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irk<\/strong> which is formed through the confluence of Hole Bottom Brook<\/strong> and Bower Brook<\/strong> in Failsworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It then flows south-west for about 6 kilometres to empty into the Irk near Smedley<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is derived from Old English mos<\/em>, meaning \u2018bog or swamp\u2019+ t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>, \u2019settlement or farm\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOTTRAM IN LONGDENDALE <\/strong>is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, although part of Cheshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1211 as Mottrum <\/em>and in 1308 as Mottram in Longedenedale<\/em>.\u00a0 Mottram<\/em> is usually said to mean \u2018place of the speakers\u2019 or \u2018place where meetings are held\u2019, from the Old English m<\/em>\u014dtere <\/em>(\u2018speaker at an assembly\u2019) or m<\/em>\u014dt<\/em> (\u2018meeting, assembly of people\u2019) + r<\/em>\u016bm<\/em> (\u2018room, space\u2019).\u00a0 Another possibility is that Mottram<\/em> comes from the Celtic moch<\/em> (\u2018pigs\u2019) + tref<\/em> (\u2018homestead, village\u2019).\u00a0 Longdendale<\/strong> was added to distinguish it from Mottram St Andrew in Cheshire, and refers to the long valley of the River Etherow<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

MUDD <\/strong>or The MUDD <\/strong>is a hamlet in Mottram in Longdendale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1845 but it is evident that there has been a settlement since mediaeval times.\u00a0 The name literally means \u2018mud\u2019, from the Old English mudde.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MUMPS<\/strong> is an area of Oldham<\/strong> which is said to take its name from the 17th<\/sup>-century slang term mumper<\/em>, meaning \u2018a genteel beggar\u2019.\u00a0 The name seems to have been standardised by a station originally built by the Manchester & Leeds Railway in July 1856 and perpetuated by a Metrolink tram stop named Oldham Mumps, which re-opened in 2014.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MYTHAM <\/strong>is a residential area in Little Lever<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong> that also gives its name to Mytham Park.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but Mytham Farm is recorded in 1805.\u00a0 The name comes from the Old English gem\u0233thu<\/em> + h<\/em>\u0101m<\/em>, meaning \u2018village at the confluence of streams or rivers\u2019, referring to confluence of the Croal<\/strong> and Irwell <\/strong>south-west of Little Lever.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
N<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NADEN BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises above Norden<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and flows southwards through Simpson Clough<\/strong> to join the Roch in Heywood<\/strong>.\u00a0 Naden Brook is recorded as Nauedenbrok<\/em> in the 13th<\/sup> century and means \u2018meandering valley stream\u2019, from Old English n<\/em>\u00e6dre<\/em> (\u2018adder-like, meandering\u2019) + denu<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019) + br\u014dc<\/em> (\u2018stream\u2019).\u00a0 The valley and the brook gave their name to settlements called Naden on the hillside above.\u00a0 Naden Brook feeds the three Naden Reservoirs \u2013 Lower Haden, Middle Naden and Higher Naden \u2013 which were constructed in 1846 north of what is now Greenbooth Reservoir<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NAILER\u2019S GREEN <\/strong>or NAILER\u2019S FIELD <\/strong>is the former name of the village of Greenmount<\/strong> in Tottington<\/strong> in the north of the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name was taken from a pub called the Nailer\u2019s<\/em>, but the pub was demolished and a local community group campaigned for the village to be renamed.\u00a0 A sign with the new name was unveiled in 2016.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NANGREAVE<\/strong> was an area of Stockport<\/strong> south-east of the town centre which once gave its name to a farm.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1281 as Knavenegreue<\/em>, meaning \u2018the grove (Old English gr<\/em>\u01e3fe<\/em>) of the knaves or young people (cnafa<\/em>)\u2019.\u00a0 The name is still found in a prominent road in Heaviley<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NAN HOLES BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong> that rises east of Ashton-in-Makerfield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and flows east\/south-east to Hey Brook<\/strong>, which then joins Pennington Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is a forename eponym that appears on Ordnance Survey maps at the turn of the 20th<\/sup> century and probably means \u2018the stream flowing from or through hollows<\/em> belonging to someone called Anne<\/em> or Agne<\/em>s\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NARROW GATE BROW <\/strong>is a hamlet north-west of Shaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is mentioned in 1804, when John Cowper of Narrow Gate Brow was transported for possessing forged bank notes, but probably dates from a much earlier time.\u00a0 The name suggests a narrow (Old English nearu<\/em>, Middle English narwe<\/em>) road (Old Norse gata<\/em>) at the top of a hill (Old English bru<\/em>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NAVIGATION ROAD <\/strong>is a street in Altrincham<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>, and also a station, originally opened in 1931, that serves both Northern Rail trains and Metrolink trams.\u00a0 The name refers to the nearby Bridgewater Canal<\/strong>, which was originally referred to as a \u2018navigation\u2019.\u00a0\u00a0 A navigation<\/em> is a river that has been straightened and dredged to make it navigable, rather than a totally artificial canal.\u00a0 The word in this sense dates from 1720, and the Mersey & Irwell Navigation<\/strong> Act of 1720 was one of the very first uses.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEAR BARROWSHAW\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> BARROWSHAW<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEAR WAIN STONES\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> WAIN STONES<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NETHER LEES\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> LEES<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEWALL GREEN <\/strong>is a district in Wythenshawe<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>, south of the city centre.\u00a0 The name is taken from Newall Green<\/em> Farm, which is thought to go back at least as far as the 16th<\/sup> century and which still exists today, although much of the farmland has been used for residential development since 1937.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1841 as New Hall Green<\/em> but the current spelling is found from 1842.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>It comes from the Old English n\u012bwe<\/em> + halh<\/em>, meaning \u2018new nook of land or new piece of dry ground\u2019, perhaps referring to a newly-drained piece of land in an area with many streams.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW BAILEY <\/strong>was originally a prison in Salford<\/strong>, the largest in England at the time, built in 1787-1790 to the designs of John Howard (1726-1790), after whom the Howard League for Prison Reform is named.\u00a0 The jail was paid for by Thomas Butterworth Bayley<\/em> (1744-1802), the High Sheriff of Lancashire, and named \u2018New Bailey\u2019 to distinguish it from the Old Bailey in London.\u00a0 The prison was closed in 1868 when the new Strangeways<\/strong> prison was opened.\u00a0 A bridge with the same name was built over the River Irwell<\/strong> in 1783-1785, but this too was demolished and replaced by the Albert Bridge <\/strong>in 1843-1844.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW BARNS <\/strong>was located in Weaste <\/strong>in the City of Salford<\/strong> on a site now occupied by MediaCityUK<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was notable as the location of Manchester Racecourse until its closure in 1963.\u00a0 The name appears on a 1786 map of Lancashire<\/strong> and is probably quite literal, referring to new barns<\/em> built for Hulme <\/strong>Hall or another local estate.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW BARRACKS<\/strong> is a residential estate built by Salford <\/strong>Corporation in 1900-1904.\u00a0 It takes its name from the Salford Infantry Barracks<\/em>, built in 1819 and closed down in 1896.\u00a0 The land was then purchased by Salford Corporation and transformed into one of the first housing estates in what is now Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 Coronation Street<\/strong> was one of the streets on the estate.\u00a0 See also <\/em>BARRACK PARK<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEWBOLD <\/strong>is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1200 as Neubolt<\/em>, but the modern spelling is found by about 1300.\u00a0 It means \u2018new building\u2019 from Old English n\u012bwe <\/em>(\u2018new\u2019) + bold<\/em> (\u2018building; dwelling\u2019), but it is uncertain what buildings are referred to.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW CROSS <\/strong>is a residential and commercial area in the City of Manchester<\/strong> north-east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name is found from the late 18th<\/sup> century and, while there was what was probably a market cross<\/em> there by 1807, it seems more likely that it comes from its position around a major crossroads<\/em>.\u00a0 The four roads that meet here are Oldham Street (probably named after Adam Oldham, a local hat and felt-maker), Oldham <\/strong>Road (originally called Newton Lane because it leads to what is now Newton Heath<\/strong>), Great Ancoats <\/strong>Street, and Swan Street (originally named New Cross Street by 1781 but renamed by 1806).\u00a0 The name tended to fall out of use in the 1960s but has recently been revived for a regeneration area as part of the Victoria North<\/strong> new town project.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW DELPH \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> DELPH<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW EARTH<\/strong> is a residential and commercial area of Oldham <\/strong>beside New Earth Street and south-east of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is Biblical and refers to the ending of the world:\u00a0 \u2018we are looking forward to a new heaven and a new earth<\/em>, where righteousness dwells\u2019 (2 Peter 3: 13).\u00a0 The name seems to date from the 19th<\/sup> century and was probably given by the Moravian church, who were established in Oldham in 1824 and named nearby Salem<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEWHEY <\/strong>is a suburban village near Milnrow<\/strong> in the Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It seems to have developed from the enclosure of surrounding moorland and this is reflected in the \u2018new\u2019 part of its name, which was first recorded in 1828.\u00a0 The second element, hey<\/em>, is older, probably from the Old English h\u00e6g<\/em>, meaning \u2018fence or enclosure\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW ISLINGTON<\/strong>\u00a0is an inner-city area of Ancoats<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong> that has recently undergone regeneration.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the late 18th<\/sup> century, and in the 19th<\/sup> century it was applied both to a street and a cotton mill dating from 1788.\u00a0 The name was originally a move to gentrify the area by adopting the name of the fashionable London district of Islington<\/em>, but in the 19th<\/sup> century the area acquired a reputation that was far from fashionable and the name fell out of use.\u00a0 Nevertheless, residents of the newly-regenerated area chose to resurrect the name after the millennium.\u00a0 Islington in London is a mediaeval eponymic name meaning \u2018hill of a man called G\u012bsla<\/em>\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW JACKSON<\/strong> is a regeneration area in central Manchester<\/strong> and Hulme <\/strong>described by the developers as a \u2018new community\u2019 or a \u2018skyscraper district\u2019.\u00a0 The \u2018new\u2019 name is recorded in 2024 but dates back to a farm in the 16th or 17th<\/sup> centuries or even earlier.\u00a0 \u2018Mr Jackson\u2019s<\/em> Farm\u2019 appears on a map of 1831 but the urbanisation and industrialisation of the area were already under way by that date:\u00a0 Jackson\u2019s grain warehouse was built in 1836 and a police station was built on Jackson Street (later renamed Great Jackson Street) in 1843.\u00a0\u00a0 The regeneration project was initially known as the Great Jackson Street scheme, but this morphed into \u2018New Jackson\u2019 once the project had been approved and is now part of what is sometimes called Manc-hattan<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW MANCHESTER <\/strong>is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It dates from the early 19th<\/sup> century, when miners moved here from Manchester<\/strong> to work in the Duke of Bridgewater’s<\/strong> collieries and transferred the names of the streets from the City of Manchester to the village.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW MOSTON\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> MOSTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW SIRS <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> OLD SIRS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW SPRINGS <\/strong>is a suburb in Wigan<\/strong>, north-east of the town centre, with a housing estate built in the 1970s.\u00a0 While some of the buildings may be as old as the 16th<\/sup> century, the name seems to date from the mid-19th<\/sup> century, when a new <\/em>community was established and a Primitive Methodist chapel was opened there in 1868.\u00a0 The name references the area of south-east Wigan known as Springs<\/em>, from the large number of springs and wells in the area.\u00a0\u00a0 The Wigan Branch Railway Act of 1830 authorised the Northern Union Railway\u2019s Springs<\/em> branchline, which connected to the collieries of the area, including Springs Colliery, when it opened in the early 1840s.\u00a0 See also<\/em> SPRING VIEW<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW TAME \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0See<\/em> OLD TAME<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEWTON<\/strong> is the most common place name in England, with at least 87 towns or villages carrying the name.\u00a0 All mean \u2018the new settlement\u2019 from the Old English n\u012bwe<\/em> + t\u016bn.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEWTON, Tameside<\/strong> is an area of Hyde<\/strong> that was formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Neweton <\/em>and with its modern spelling in 1320.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEWTON BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Medlock<\/strong> that rises south-west of Newton Heath<\/strong>, from where it takes its name.\u00a0 It flows south-west through Miles Platting<\/strong> to join Shooters Brook<\/strong> north-east of Ancoats <\/strong>in the City of Manchester.\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEWTON HEATH<\/strong> is a residential area of the City of Manchester<\/strong>, 4.5 kilometres north-east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name Newton<\/em> is recorded in 1322 but much of Newton was absorbed into Miles Platting<\/strong> in the 19th<\/sup> century and the name fell into disuse.\u00a0 The remaining portion was given the name Newton Heath<\/em>, meaning \u2018the heath beside Newton\u2019.\u00a0 The full name Newton Heath dates from 1843 and was standardised by the opening of Newton Heath station by the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway on 1 December 1853.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW WINDSOR\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>WINDSOR<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW YEAR\u2019S BRIDGE RESERVOIR <\/strong>east of Denshaw <\/strong>was built in 1876-83 to supply drinking water for Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is fed by Dowry Water<\/strong> and the water that flows from the southern end of the reservoir forms the starting point of the River Tame<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is evident that the bridge pre-dates both the building of the reservoir and of New Year\u2019s Bridge Mill (which was built in about 1786 and now lies under the waters of the reservoir) by a considerable period.\u00a0 The origin of the name is unclear but it has been suggested that the bridge<\/em> was used as a meeting point, perhaps for the payment of tithes or taxes due on new year\u2019s<\/em> day.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NICO DITCH<\/strong> is a 10-kilometre defensive ditch and fortification between Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> and Stretford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is believed to have been constructed at some time between the 5th<\/sup> and the 11th<\/sup> centuries, and parts can still be seen today.\u00a0 According to legend, it was built in just one night in AD 869-870 to guard against Viking invaders.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1190 as Mykeldiche<\/em>, meaning \u2018large or great ditch\u2019, from the Old English micel <\/em>(\u2018big, great\u2019) + d<\/em>\u012bc<\/em>.\u00a0 Over time, the name became corrupted to \u2018Nico\u2019.\u00a0 It is said that Reddish<\/strong>, meaning \u2018reedy ditch\u2019, refers to Nico Ditch, which at one time formed the northern border of the settlement.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NIMBLE NOOK<\/strong> is a residential area south-west of Chadderton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1825 but is probably much older.\u00a0 Middle English nok<\/em> means \u2018a triangular plot of land\u2019, but the derivation and meaning of Nimble<\/em> are unclear.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NOB END<\/strong>\u00a0is a 9-hectare nature reserve near Little Lever<\/strong> and Kearsley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1824 as the village of Knob End<\/em>, from the Middle English knob<\/em> or nob<\/em>, meaning \u2018a knoll, round-topped promontory\u2019, and referring to the shape of a nearby small hill some 10 metres high at the confluence of the Rivers Croal<\/strong> and Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 Later in the century, between 1850 and 1870, the site was used as a toxic tip for alkali waste.\u00a0 The name is sometimes considered vulgar and the Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal preferred Prestolee<\/strong> Locks to Nob End Locks.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NOMA <\/strong>is an 8-hectare commercial, residential and recreational redevelopment project in the City of Manchester<\/strong>, north of the city centre, close to Victoria Station<\/strong> and the River Irk<\/strong>, and including Angel Meadows<\/strong>.\u00a0 NOMA is a portmanteau word created in 2011 from NO<\/em>rth MA<\/em>nchester and was inspired by the SOMA (SOuth of MArket) development in San Francisco.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NOOK <\/strong>is a residential area of Shaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are several places in Greater Manchester<\/strong> with nook<\/em> as one element of their name, all derived from Middle English n<\/em>\u014dk<\/em> (\u2018nook of land; triangular plot\u2019).\u00a0 Nook in Shaw is unique in that it is a singleton \u2013 there is no preceding element to give further definition.\u00a0 It is recorded on a map of 1786 as a few buildings at a road junction east of Shaw.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORBURY <\/strong>is a district and former mining village in Hazel Grove<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> which was formerly included in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Nordberie<\/em>, from the Old English nord<\/em>, meaning \u2018north\u2019 and burh<\/em>, meaning \u2018settlement\u2019.\u00a0 The southern equivalent would be Sudbury.\u00a0 Sudbury in Derbyshire<\/strong> is about 80 kilometres south-east of Norbury and is also mentioned in the Domesday Book.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORDEN<\/strong> is a village on the western edge of the town of Rochdale<\/strong> on the north bank of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is said to be recent but its origin is uncertain.\u00a0 One suggestion is that it is a corruption of Naden<\/strong>, from Old English Old English n<\/em>\u00e6dre<\/em> (\u2018adder-like, meandering\u2019) + denu<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019), as Naden Brook<\/strong> rises nearby.\u00a0 More plausibly, it describes its location and means \u2018northern valley\u2019, deriving from the Old English north<\/em> + denu<\/em>.\u00a0 On the opposite bank lies Sudden<\/strong>, meaning \u2018southern valley\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORDEN ETCHELLS <\/strong>or NORTHERN ETCHELLS\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>ETCHELLS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORLEY <\/strong>is a residential area west of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1293 as Nortlegh<\/em> and means \u2018northern clearing\u2019, from the Old English north<\/em> + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018wood, clearing\u2019).\u00a0\u00a0 The Norley estate was built in the late 1940s and 1950s on the site of Norley Colliery, which occupied much of what had been Norley Hall, a mediaeval country house owned by the Le Norrey family.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORMAN HILL RESERVOIR <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> is one of the chain of six reservoirs – Ogden<\/strong><\/a>, Kitcliffe<\/strong><\/a>, Piethorne<\/strong><\/a>, Hanging Lees<\/strong><\/a>, Rooden<\/strong><\/a> and Norman Hill<\/strong><\/a> \u2013 built in the Piethorne Valley in 1858-66 to supply water to Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The reservoir takes its name from nearby Norman Hill,<\/em> first recorded on the Ordnance Survey maps of the area in the 1850s.\u00a0 The name seems to be an example of the forename eponyms which are common in the area \u2013 Dick Hill<\/strong>, Ben Heys and Nicholas Pike are all found in this part of Rochdale.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORRIS BANK <\/strong>and NORRIS Hill<\/strong> are residential areas to the west of Heaton Norris <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 Norris Bank takes its name from a house with that name built in about 1840, and the urban development that took place around it later in the 19th<\/sup> century led to the creation of Norris Bank parish in 1899.\u00a0 The Norris element is taken from nearby Heaton Norris<\/em>, which is named after the 12th<\/sup> century Norman landowner, William le Norreys<\/em>.\u00a0 The bank<\/em> refers to the slope down to the River Mersey<\/strong>, which lies to the south of the Heatons.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORTH BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> which rises on Rocher <\/strong>Moss in the Peak District <\/strong>National Park in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows south-west through North Clough to meet South Brook<\/strong> and then join Diggle <\/strong>Brook, which then joins the Tame near Diggle.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1468 as Northclogh-hede<\/em>, meaning \u2018the top or head<\/em> (Old English heafod<\/em>) of the north (Old English nord<\/em>) ravine (cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORTHENDEN<\/strong> is a southern suburb of the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was formerly in Cheshire<\/strong> and lies on the southern banks of the River Mersey<\/strong>, which was the traditional border between Lancashire<\/strong> and Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Northenden was mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see Appendix 1) as Norwordine, <\/em>and was recorded simply as Northern <\/em>as late as 1577.\u00a0 The name comes from the Old English north<\/em> + worthign<\/em>, meaning \u2018northern enclosed settlement\u2019.\u00a0 The Stockport Timperley & Altrincham Junction Railway opened Northenden station in February 1866 and the railway, together with the development of housing estates following its absorption by the City of Manchester in 1931, saw the area develop from a rural into a suburban community.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORTHERN MOOR<\/strong>\u00a0is a residential area of the City of Manchester<\/strong>, approximately 8 kilometres south of the city centre.\u00a0 It was previously in Cheshire <\/strong>and seen as part of Northenden<\/strong>, which lies to the east.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but was formerly spelled \u2018Northen Moor\u2019, meaning \u2018the moor of Northenden<\/em>\u2019, but over time the name was rationalised to \u2018Northern\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORTHERN QUARTER <\/strong>is an entertainment and commercial area of Manchester<\/strong> city centre north<\/em> of Piccadilly Gardens <\/strong>in the area formerly occupied by Smithfield Market.\u00a0 <\/strong>The name was given in the 1990s by local people to identify the vibrant cultural lifestyle and nightlife of the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORTH MOOR <\/strong>or NORTHMOOR<\/strong> is a south-western suburb of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1868, when the North Moor Wesleyan Church was opened, although it is known that the North Moor Primitive Methodist Society had meetings in a cellar for several years previously.\u00a0 The residents of North Moor Road are listed in the 1851 and it may be that North Moor Road led west to Westwood<\/strong>, which is built on a hillside known as North Moor.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORTH REDDISH \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0See<\/em> REDDISH<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORTHUMBRIA<\/strong> was one of the seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England, and included all of what is now Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 10th<\/sup>-century Anglo Saxon Chronicle<\/em>, which states that \u2018In this year (AD 923), in late autumn, King Edward the Elder (son of Alfred the Great) went \u2026 to occupy Manchester<\/strong> in Northumbria, and had it repaired and garrisoned\u2019.\u00a0 The name means \u2018north<\/em> of the Humber\u2019<\/em> \u2013 the River Humber was the boundary in the east but in the west the River Mersey<\/strong> marked the boundary between Mercia<\/strong> and Northumbria.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NUTHURST<\/strong> was a mediaeval hamlet near Moston<\/strong> in what is now north Manchester<\/strong>, north-east of the city centre.\u00a0 Great Nuthurst <\/em>Hall is recorded in 1200 and the name means \u2018hill with nut trees\u2019, perhaps hazelnuts or sweet chestnuts, from Old English knutu<\/em> (\u2018nut\u2019) + hyrst<\/em> (\u2018wooded hill\u2019).\u00a0 The name survives in Nuthurst Park, which was opened in 1915.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NUTSFORD VALE <\/strong>today is a country park in east Manchester<\/strong> close to Gorton<\/strong>, Levenshulme<\/strong> and Longsight<\/strong>.\u00a0 Early in the 19th<\/sup> century it was a farm spelled Knutsford Vale but later in the century various factories were built and the spelling became Nutsford Vale.\u00a0 By the 1980s it had become a landfill site, which was transformed into a country park by 2017.\u00a0 The name is clearly linked to Knutsford<\/em> in Cheshire<\/strong> in some way, although the modern spelling somewhat obscures this.\u00a0 Knutsford is an eponym derived from the Viking personal name Knut<\/em> + Old English ford<\/em>.\u00a0 It is sometimes said that Knut was King Canute, but this is probably folk etymology.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NUTTALL PARK <\/strong>is a 10.7-hectare park on the River Irwell<\/strong> close to Ramsbottom<\/strong> town centre in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the former village of Nuttall<\/em>, which is recorded in 1256 as Noteho<\/em>, meaning \u2018bare or nut hill\u2019, from the Old English hnott<\/em> (\u2018bare, bald\u2019) or hnutu<\/em> (\u2018nut\u2019) + h\u014dh<\/em> (\u2018heel; spur of land\u2019), referring to a hill to the west of the Irwell on which the village stood.\u00a0 The original Nuttall Hall was built in the 14th<\/sup> century by the De Notogh family.\u00a0 A new hall was built in 1817 and demolished in 1908, but its grounds were opened in 1928 as Nuttall Park.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
O<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OAKENBOTTOM <\/strong>is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1246 as Akinbothun<\/em>, meaning \u2018oaks in the valley bottom\u2019, from Old English acen<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018oaken: growing with oak-trees\u2019) + botm<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a broad river-valley\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OAKEN LEE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises on Oaken Hill north of Castleshaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows west and then south-west through Oaken Lee Clough into Castleshaw Upper Reservoir.\u00a0 Oaken Hill<\/em> is recorded in 1750 and Oaken Lee Brook means \u2018the stream (Old English br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em>) that flows through the wood or glade (l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em>) covered with oak trees (\u0101cen<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OAK MEADOW PARK <\/strong>is a small park in the centre of Cheadle Hulme<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It stands on the site of a Victorian residence, Oak Cottage<\/em>, which took its name from a large tree in the garden.\u00a0 Oak Cottage had been demolished by 1937 and Oak Meadow Park was laid out on the site, apparently still with the original large oak tree.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OCHRE FLASH <\/strong>is one of the seven subsidence lakes or \u2018flashes\u2019 of Wigan Flashes Nature Reserve<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is located south-east of Hindley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and was created by mining subsidence early in the 20th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name is recorded on Ordnance Survey maps of 1954 but it is likely that the lake was known locally as Ochre or Ochery Flash before that date.\u00a0 The name refers to the ochre<\/em>-coloured water from iron-stained water from mines and chemical works in the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OCHRELEY BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Goyt<\/strong> that rises in Torkington<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport <\/strong>and flows south through Offerton<\/strong> to join the Goyt near Marple Bridge<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name seems to be a corruption of Hockley<\/em>, a name that is found as an area of Poynton in Cheshire<\/strong> and as a farm near the brook.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century and means \u2018the clearing on or near a hill\u2019, from Old English hocer<\/em> (\u2018rounded hill\u2019) + l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OCTAGON THEATRE<\/strong> is a theatre in Bolton<\/strong> that opened in 1967.\u00a0 The auditorium is actually hexagonal, but there was already a theatre in Reading called \u2018The Hexagon\u2019 and so the new Bolton theatre was named \u2018The Octagon<\/em>\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OFFERTON<\/strong> is a south-eastern suburb of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> that was in Cheshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 There are several places in England named Offerton, but the first record of Offerton<\/em> in Cheshire dates from 1226 as Offirtun<\/em>.\u00a0 The name is said to be an eponym consisting of a personal name such as Offa<\/em> or Oftf\u014dr <\/em>+ t\u016bn<\/em>, meaning \u2018farmstead or village\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OGDEN<\/strong> is a hamlet in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> that is divided between Higher Ogden and Lower Ogden.\u00a0 It also gives its name to Ogden Reservoir \u2013 one of the chain of six reservoirs (Ogden<\/strong><\/a>, Kitcliffe<\/strong><\/a>, Piethorne<\/strong><\/a>, Hanging Lees<\/strong><\/a>, Rooden<\/strong><\/a> and Norman Hill<\/strong><\/a>) in the Piethorne Valley – which was built in 1878 to supply drinking water to Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1246 as Akeden<\/em>, meaning \u2018oak valley\u2019 from the Old English \u0101c<\/em>, meaning \u2018oak\u2019 + denu<\/em>, \u2018valley\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OGDEN BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Etherow<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises on the moors of the Peak District<\/strong> National Park and flows south and south west, forming the border between Tameside<\/strong> and High Peak for much of its length before joining the Etherow in Broadbottom<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside.\u00a0 The name appears on maps of the early 19th<\/sup> century but its derivation suggests that it is probably much older \u2013 Old English English \u0101c<\/em>, meaning \u2018oak\u2019 + denu<\/em>, \u2018valley\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OLD BIRTLE\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>BIRTLE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OLD EES BROOK <\/strong>or OLD EEA BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong> that rises south of Urmston<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford <\/strong>and flows south-west for several kilometres to join the Mersey south-east of Flixton<\/strong>. \u00a0Ees <\/em>is a local word for a water meadow derived from the Old English \u0113g<\/em>, meaning \u2018island\u2019, often a piece of firm land in an area liable to flooding.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OLDFIELD BROW<\/strong> is a residential area on the western edge of Altrincham<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The original village of Oldfield is recorded in about 1293 as Aldefeld<\/em> and means \u2018the old open-field’, from Old English ald <\/em>(\u2018ancient, long-used\u2019) + feld<\/em> (\u2018open country; land cleared of trees\u2019).\u00a0 \u00a0The name is later found in Oldfield<\/em> Hall, which was built in 1616 and some of the land in which it stood was donated to Altrincham Council in 1917 as John Leigh Park<\/strong>.\u00a0 In the 1920s, the Oldfield Brow estate was built in the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OLDHAM <\/strong>is a town and, since 1974, one of the ten metropolitan boroughs of Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was formerly part of Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Its name is first recorded in about 1227 as Aldholm<\/em>, meaning \u2018old promontory\u2019, from Old English ald<\/em>, meaning \u2018old\u2019 + Old Norse holmr<\/em>, \u2018dry land, promontory\u2019.\u00a0 \u2018Old\u2019 may refer to an older settlement or may mean that the site had been occupied for a long time.\u00a0 Suggestions that Oldham was named because of the local presence of owls<\/em> are folk etymology, although owls have become the town\u2019s symbol and feature in its coat of arms.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OLD MILL BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong> that rises north of Tyldesley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan <\/strong>and flows south-west to join Shakerley<\/strong> Brook, another tributary of Glaze Brook.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1845-46 and comes from Shakerley Corn Mill, an early 17th<\/sup>-century mill built for Shakerley Old Hall, which took its power from Old Mill Brook.\u00a0 It was converted into a carding and spinning shed in the early 19th<\/sup> century<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OLD SIRS <\/strong>and NEW SIRS <\/strong>are residential and recreational areas of Westhoughton <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The names are said to derive from the family name of John and Richard de Sire<\/em>, who were recorded as being resident in the area in 1332.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OLD TAME <\/strong>is a hamlet south-west of Denshaw<\/strong> to the west of the River Tame<\/strong>, from which it takes its name.\u00a0 Both Old Tame and New tame, a smaller settlement on the eastern side of the Tame<\/em> valley, were originally outlying estates of Roche Abbey.\u00a0 The names are recorded in 1729 but probably date from much earlier.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OLD TRAFFORD<\/strong>\u00a0is a district of the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> which lends its name to Lancashire County Cricket Club\u2019s ground (opened in 1857) and Manchester United\u2019s football stadium, which was opened in 1910.\u00a0 The name Trafford<\/em> is first recorded in 1786 and is a variation of the neighbouring Stretford<\/strong>, both meaning \u2018ford over the Roman road\u2019, from str\u01e3t<\/em>, \u2018street, especially a Roman road\u2019, + ford<\/em>, \u2018ford\u2019 across the River Mersey<\/strong>.<\/em>\u00a0 The \u2018old\u2019 part of the name is thought to refer to the older of the two Trafford Halls.\u00a0 The original or Old Hall is believed to have been built in about 1017, but was replaced by the New Hall in the last quarter of the 17th century or the first quarter of the 18th<\/sup>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OLIVER CLOUGH <\/strong>is a small valley in Boggart Hole Clough<\/strong> country park in Blackley<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is a forename eponym, said to be named after Oliver<\/em> Cromwell<\/strong> (1599-1658), whose Parliamentarian troops camped in the area during the siege of Manchester in 1643 in the Civil War.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OOZEWOOD <\/strong>is a residential area of Royton<\/strong> north of the River Irk<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The place and name are not well documented, although nearby Oozewood Clough and lower Oozewood Farm suggest a mediaeval origin.\u00a0 One possible origin is Old English waesse<\/em>, meaning \u2018riverside land liable to flood\u2019.\u00a0 Alternatively, Oozewood might share its origin with Oozebooth in Blackburn, which is thought to derive from the Viking personal name, Ulf<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OPENSHAW <\/strong>is a suburb of the City of Manchester<\/strong>, about 5 kilometres east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1276 as Openshawe<\/em>, meaning \u2018open wood\u2019, i.e. one that is not enclosed, referring to a park belonging to the Lord of Manchester, Robert Grelley.\u00a0 It is composed of the Old English open<\/em>, meaning \u2018open or unenclosed\u2019 + sceaga<\/em>, \u2018wood, copse\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OPENSHAW PARK<\/strong> is a public park of about 5 hectares in Pimhole<\/strong>, outside Bury<\/strong> town centre.\u00a0 <\/strong>The park was established with land and funds donated by Thomas Openshaw,<\/em> a local wool manufacturer, and named after him.\u00a0 The park was opened in July 1888 by the Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII), who also held the title Duke of Clarence.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ORDSALL <\/strong>is a suburb of the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1177 as Ordeshala<\/em>, meaning \u2018Ord\u2019s or Ordric\u2019s nook\u2019.\u00a0 Ord<\/em> is a personal name and the second element is –halh<\/em>, meaning \u2018a corner or nook\u2019.\u00a0 This comes from the position of Ordsall within a large bend in the River Irwell<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ORLANDO BRIDGE<\/strong> is a road viaduct that carries Orlando Street across the railway in Bolton<\/strong> town centre close to the station.\u00a0 The bridge was originally built by the Manchester & Bolton Railway in 1838 and both street and bridge were named after Sir Orlando<\/em> Bridgeman, a 17th<\/sup>-century lawyer from nearby Great Lever<\/strong>.\u00a0 The bridge was rebuilt in 2016.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ORRELL<\/strong> is a suburb of Wigan<\/strong>, sometimes known as Orrell-in-Makerfield<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1202 as Horhill <\/em>but Orell<\/em> is found before the end of the 13th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Orrell means \u2018ore hill\u2019 from Old English \u014dra<\/em> + hyll<\/em>, believed to be a reference to ancient iron ore workings rather than coal mining.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ORRELL POST <\/strong>or ORREL POST <\/strong>is a residential area north of Orrell<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> around a landmark known as the Orrell Post<\/em>, a stone column 3.3 metres tall outside the Stag Inn recorded in 1607.\u00a0\u00a0 The original purpose of the post is uncertain:\u00a0 some people suggest it was a tethering post for Stag Inn patrons, but it is usually said to be turnpike marker stone at or near a crossroads.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OTTERSPOOL BRIDGE<\/strong> is a road bridge that carries the A627 across the River Goyt<\/strong> in Romiley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The bridge was in use by 1606 and in 1611 the name was recorded as Awterspoole<\/em>, literally meaning \u2018pool<\/em> where otters<\/em> are found\u2019, from the Old English oter<\/em> + p<\/em>\u014dl<\/em>.\u00a0 \u00a0A weir to power a cotton mill was built in about 1825-30 but the mill was never built.\u00a0 In 2012 the weir became the site of a small-scale municipal hydro-electricity generator.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OULDER HILL <\/strong>is an area west of Greave<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1860 but probably dates from an earlier period.\u00a0 The name is descriptive and said to come from ouler<\/em> (a dialect word for an alder tree) + hill (Old English hyll<\/em>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OUSEL BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong> that rises south of Stretford<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> and flows west and then north to join Old Ees Brook<\/strong> south of Urmston<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name comes from the Old English osle<\/em>, meaning \u2018a blackbird\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OUTWOOD <\/strong>is district of Radcliffe<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> that also gives its name to Outwood Country Park.\u00a0 The name dates back to around 1200 and was known as Outwood of Pilkington<\/strong>.\u00a0 It means \u2018outlying wood\u2019 or \u2018wood on the outskirts\u2019 and refers to land on the banks of the River Irwell<\/strong>.<\/em>\u00a0 The name is derived from the Old English \u016bt<\/em>, meaning \u2018outside, on the outskirts\u2019 + wudu<\/em>, \u2018wood, coppice\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OVER HULTON<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0See <\/em>HULTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OWENS PARK<\/strong> was a large hall of residence complex in the Fallowfield<\/strong> area south of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 It was built by the University of Manchester in 1964-1965 but shut down in 2021 and demolished in 2024 for redevelopment.\u00a0 It was named after John Owens<\/em> (1790-1846), who was a Manchester merchant and one of the principal donors who founded the university (initially called Owens College) in 1824.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OWLER BARROW <\/strong>or ALDER BARROW <\/strong>is a residential area west of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The place and name are not well documented.\u00a0 The area is said to be post-mediaeval and appears as Alder Barrow<\/em> on 19th<\/sup>-century maps, but the spelling is altered to Owler Barrow<\/em> by the late 19th<\/sup> century and early 20th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 In fact, the spelling change does not alter the meaning as owler<\/em> is a dialect word for an alder-tree.\u00a0 The name, therefore, would mean \u2018alder wood\u2019, from Old English Old English alor<\/em> (\u2018an alder\u2019) + bearu<\/em> (\u2018wood, grove\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OXFORD PARK <\/strong>is a 3-hectare recreation ground in the Guide Bridge<\/strong> area of Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name originates in the late 18th<\/sup> or early 19th<\/sup> century, when Oxford Street was built between the main Stockport<\/strong> Road and the newly-built Ashton Canal.\u00a0 In 1845 Thomas Mason (1782-1868) built the first of his Oxford Mills, which were later run by his son, Hugh Mason (1817-1886).\u00a0 In 1870, Hugh Mason presented the mills\u2019 sports ground to the town.\u00a0 Hugh Mason\u2019s statue was later erected close by in Trafalgar Square<\/strong> and the mills were destroyed by fire in 2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OXFORD ROAD<\/strong> is a main road through Chorlton-on-Medlock<\/strong> from Manchester<\/strong> city centre at St Peter\u2019s Square<\/strong> to Whitworth Park<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally named in 1793-1794, when Chorlton was gentrified and adopted prestigious names such as Oxford<\/em>, Cambridge and Grosvenor<\/strong> for its principal streets.\u00a0 The opening of Oxford Road station by the Manchester South Junction & Altrincham Railway in 1839 and Owens<\/strong> College (now the University of Manchester) in 1873 led to what has become known as the \u2018Oxford Road Corridor\u2019, with educational institutions, hospitals and cultural venues.\u00a0 It is planned to develop this area further as \u2018Corridor Manchester\u2019 by the mid-2020s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OX RAKE BROW<\/strong> is hill on Saddleworth Moor<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The meaning is probably \u2018the hill (Old English bru<\/em>) on or near the track (Old English hraca<\/em>) over which oxen (oxa<\/em>) were taken\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

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P<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PACKER SPOUT GARDENS<\/strong> is a small public park south-west of Rochdale<\/strong> town centre.\u00a0 The gardens were opened in 1934 and laid out round Packer Spout, a fountain in an oval-shaped pool fed by a natural spring (Middle English spoute<\/em>).\u00a0 The spring fed a reservoir built in 1760 which was used to supply water from drinking and also to power a corn mill until it was demolished in 1934.\u00a0 The name is a shortening of packhorse<\/em>, as horses stopped there to drink in earlier times.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PADDEN BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Goyt<\/strong> which runs through Romiley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>. It then joins Chadkirk<\/strong> Brook before emptying into the Goyt.\u00a0 The name is little documented but might come from the Old English patte<\/em>, meaning \u2018mud, marsh\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PADDINGTON<\/strong> is a residential area of Pendleton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is not well documented before 1846, when it was created as a parish.\u00a0 The name would seem to be an example of gentrification \u2013 when a prestigious name of a district of London is adopted in an attempt to elevate the reputation of an area. \u00a0Paddington<\/em> in London is recorded in about 1045 and means \u2018the farm or homestead belonging to Padda<\/em>\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PAINSWICK PARK <\/strong>is a public park in Woodhouse Park<\/strong> in Wythenshawe <\/strong>in southern Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally a farm that was taken over in the late 1950s as a landfill site.\u00a0 In 1962, it was acquired by Manchester Corporation and opened in 1968 as a park with an artificial lake.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but may have been transferred from Painswick<\/em> in Gloucestershire, which is an eponym derived from the personal name Pain<\/em> + wiche<\/em> (\u2018a farm, especially a dairy farm\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PALATINE BRIDGE <\/strong>is a road bridge across the River Irwell<\/strong> between Salford<\/strong> and Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 1864 to provide better access to Victoria Station<\/strong>, which had been opened in 1843.\u00a0 It was sited beside and so took its name from the Palatine<\/em> Hotel and the Palatine<\/em> Buildings, which were named after the County Palatine<\/em> of Lancaster. \u00a0Lancashire was made a county palatine<\/em> in 1351 to indicate that it was administered by the Duke of Lancaster through powers conferred by the palace (Latin palatium<\/em>), i.e. by the monarch.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PANKHURST CENTRE<\/strong> is a museum and women\u2019s centre in Chorlton-on-Medlock<\/strong> in central Manchester<\/strong> commemorating the life and work of Emmeline Pankhurst<\/em> (1858-1928) and the suffragette movement.\u00a0 The centre is housed in a pair of villas in Nelson Street.\u00a0 Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters Sylvia, Christabel and Adela lived in No. 62 from 1898 and established the suffragette movement there in 1903.\u00a0 The centre was opened in 1987.\u00a0 A statue to Emmeline Pankhurst was unveiled in St Peter\u2019s Square<\/strong> in 2018.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PARK BRIDGE <\/strong>is a village north of Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the Park Bridge<\/em> Ironworks, which were established in 1786 and developed as a village in the second quarter of the 19th<\/sup> century as housing was provided for the workers.\u00a0 The name of the company came from nearby Lyme Park<\/em><\/strong> and a bridg<\/em>e over the River Medlock<\/strong> beside the works.\u00a0 The company made rivets for the Eiffel Tower, Sydney Harbour Bridge and the Titanic, but closed in 1963 and the site is now the Park Bridge Heritage Centre.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PARK BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong> that rises east of Ramsbottom<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> and flows west into the Irwell in Nuttall Park<\/strong>, from which it takes its name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PARKFIELD<\/strong> is an area of Middleton<\/strong>, about 9 kilometres north-east of Manchester<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name originated with Parkfield House<\/em>, which was built by a local magistrate, Thomas Ashton, and apparently named to reflect the house\u2019s landscaped grounds.\u00a0 Middleton became a municipal borough in 1886 and it acquired Parkfield House as its town hall in 1925.\u00a0 The house was demolished in 1978.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PARR BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises in Unsworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> and flows north-west to join the Roch at Blackford Bridge<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is found on 19th<\/sup>-century maps but the origin is uncertain:\u00a0 it could come from Old English paerr<\/em> or peru<\/em>, meaning \u2018pear tree\u2019 and suggesting that pears grew locally, or from Old English pearr<\/em>, meaning \u2018an enclosure\u2019, indicating that it was a stream that flowed through or beside enclosed land.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PARR BROW <\/strong>is a small residential area east of Tyldesley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It sits on a slope (Old English bru<\/em>) named for the Parr<\/em> family, who were wealthy landowners and traders who are recorded as living in the area from the 17th<\/sup> century – John Parr died in 1663.\u00a0 Parr Brow gives its name to a railway cutting built in the 1860s by the London & North Western Railway as part of the Tyldesley loopline.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PARR FOLD PARK <\/strong>is a 7.4-hectare public park in Walkden<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears as Parrfold<\/em> Farmhouse in the late 17th<\/sup> or early 18th<\/sup> century and is probably an eponym, but it is not known who the Parr<\/em> was who owned the fold<\/em> \u2013 the name for a small farmstead, many of which later had coal mines.\u00a0 In 1905 Worsley <\/strong>Urban District Council purchased the land on which the farmstead stood and opened it as a public park.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PARRS WOOD<\/strong> is a residential area of East Didsbury<\/strong> in south Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is said to be recorded in 1587 and it would seem to be an eponym, but who the Parr<\/em> was that owned the wood<\/em> is unclear.\u00a0 There were several Parr families in the area but none can be traced as far back as the late 16th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It has even been suggested that they may have been related to Henry VIII\u2019s sixth wife, Catherine Parr (1512-48), but there would seem to be no proof of this.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PARSONAGE GARDENS<\/strong> is a small garden in the centre of Manchester<\/strong> just off Deansgate<\/strong>.\u00a0 The site was originally known as Parsonage Croft and dates from 1635 as the site of the home of the parson of the original St Mary\u2019s Church.\u00a0 A new church was built on the site in 1756 but was demolished in 1891, followed by Parsonage House in 1897.\u00a0 The site then became Parsonage Gardens and has remained a tranquil garden, apart from the detonation of an IRA bomb on 3 December 1992.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PARTINGTON<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> about 16 kilometres south-west of Manchester <\/strong>city centre on the south bank of Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was part of Bowdon<\/strong> parish in Cheshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1260 as Partinton<\/em> and with its modern spelling in 1577.\u00a0 It means the \u2018the farm (-t\u016bn<\/em>) of the people of followers of (-inga-) Pearta<\/em>\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PASSMONDS <\/strong>is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, north-west of the main town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Passmans<\/em> in 1765, Parsmans<\/em> in 1851 and Passmonds<\/em> in 1891, although Parsmans<\/em> remained in use until well into the 20th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name seems to be an eponym and members of a Passman <\/em>family have been traced in the area as far back as 1637.\u00a0 There are several theories about the origin of the family name but as the spelling varies so much there is little agreement and no theory is particularly compelling.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PATRICROFT<\/strong> is a suburb of the City of Salford.<\/strong>\u00a0 Patricroft was a bridging point on the earliest section of the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong> when it was opened on 17 July 1761.\u00a0 It was also a bridging point for the Liverpool & Manchester Railway, which opened in 1830, and Patricroft<\/em> station was opened on 15 September of that year, making it one of the earliest railway stations in the world.\u00a0 It soon developed into an industrial area because of its position by the canal and railway, and also because it had clean air it was felt to be healthier than the centre of industrial Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 Croft<\/em> means \u2018enclosure, enclosed field\u2019, while Patri-<\/em> may be from the Middle English pertre<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018pear-tree\u2019) or, more likely, a version of the personal forename Patrick<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The PEAK DISTRICT <\/strong>is a hilly area mostly in Derbyshire <\/strong>but with parts in Cheshire<\/strong>, Staffordshire, South and West Yorkshire<\/strong> and eastern Great Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is eponymous:\u00a0 the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle <\/em>of the late 9th<\/sup> century refers to the area as the Peaclond<\/em>, meaning the land of the Pecs<\/em>\u00e6tan<\/em> tribe.\u00a0 The tribe\u2019s name means \u2018hill dwellers\u2019, from Old English p<\/em>\u0113ac<\/em> (\u2018peak, pointed hill\u2019) + s<\/em>\u01e3te <\/em>(\u2018dwellers, settlers\u2019).\u00a0 Interestingly, only one of the peaks in the Peak District is actually called a \u2018peak\u2019 \u2013 Calver Peak (Old English calf<\/em> (‘calf’) + ofer<\/em> (\u2018slope, ridge’), meaning \u2018a hillside where calves and cattle are kept\u2019) in Derbyshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Much of the Peak District is in the 1420 square-kilometre Peak District National Park, which was created in 1951 as England\u2019s first national park.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEAR MILL <\/strong>or PEAR NEW MILL<\/strong> is a retail location in Bredbury<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally built as a cotton spinning mill in 1908-1913 and was possibly the last textile mill in Stockport to go into production.\u00a0 It was built beside the River Goyt<\/strong> on the site of Pear Tree Farm,<\/em> from which it takes its name.\u00a0 The name is celebrated by a gigantic concrete pear-shaped dome on the roof.\u00a0 The mill was closed in 1978 and converted into retail outlets.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEARSON\u2019S FLASH <\/strong>is a man-made lake south-west of Ince-in-Makerfield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> that forms one of the seven subsidence \u2018flashes\u2019 of Wigan Flashes Nature Reserve<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was formed on 6 April 1889 when the Leigh <\/strong>branch of the Leeds & Liverpool Canal broke its banks.\u00a0 It takes its name from the local coal-mining and industrial company of Pearson<\/em> & Knowles, which was originally founded in 1840 by Thomas Pearson<\/em> (1824-83), who later became mayor of Wigan.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEEL<\/strong> is a residential area of Worsley<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>, which includes a park, which is not to be confused with Peel Park<\/strong> in Salford.\u00a0 The name is taken from Peel Hall<\/em>, a stately home previously known as Wicheaves Hall.\u00a0 Wicheaves<\/em> is recorded in 1323 and means \u2018the edge of the elm wood\u2019, from Old English wice<\/em> (\u2018wych-elm\u2019) + efes<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018an edge or border, especially of a wood\u2019).\u00a0 Wicheaves Hall was renamed Peel Hall at the end of the 18th<\/sup> century, referring back to a 12th<\/sup> century name, Peel, from the Old English peel<\/em>, \u2018a palisade, a fortified enclosure\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEEL CAUSEWAY<\/strong> was the name for part of what is now Hale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded as Peel Causeway Farm in 1701, although a place named Peel was found in the area in 1462.\u00a0 It is probably derived from the Old English peel<\/em>, \u2018a palisade, a fortified enclosure\u2019, and the causeway<\/em> was part of what is now Ashley Road.\u00a0 The name was standardised as Peel Causeway when the Cheshire Midland Railway opened a station with this name in 1862 but the name of the village was dropped when in was incorporated into Hale in 1900 and the station name was also changed to Hale in 1902.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEEL CENTRE<\/strong> is a retail area close to the centre of Stockport<\/strong> town centre.\u00a0 It was first developed in 1987 and expanded in 2010.\u00a0 It was built by the Peel Group<\/em>, a property company founded in the 1960s by John Whittaker, who came from Bury <\/strong>and was so inspired by Bury-born prime minister Sir Robert Peel<\/em> (1788-1850) that he named the company after him.\u00a0 The company also now own the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEEL GREEN <\/strong>is a residential and recreational area west of Eccles<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 Some sources suggest that Barton Moss<\/strong> railway station, which was opened in 1832, was described as being at Peel Green, but this cannot be verified.\u00a0 However, the name does appear on the first Ordnance Survey map of the area in 1848.\u00a0 It was named in honour of Sir Robert Peel<\/em> (1788-1850), a former prime minister who had promoted the nearby Peel Park<\/strong>, which was opened in 1846.\u00a0 The Green<\/em> refers to the green<\/em> open spaces along Worsley <\/strong>Brook, a tributary of the Mersey <\/strong>which flows through Peel Green.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEEL HALL<\/strong> is a suburb of the City of Manchester<\/strong> on the eastern side of Wythenshawe<\/strong>, about 14.5 kilometres south of Manchester city centre.\u00a0 It takes its name from a mediaeval moated country house originally built in the 14th<\/sup> century by Sir John de Arderne named The Peele<\/em>, from the Middle English peel<\/em>, meaning \u2018a moated and fortified house\u2019.\u00a0 The house was derelict by the 1960s and was demolished.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEEL PARK <\/strong>is a large park in Salford<\/strong> opened in 1846 and named after Sir Robert Peel<\/em> (1788-1850), a former prime minister who did a lot to promote and fund public parks in Victorian England.\u00a0 In 1850, the Salford Museum and Art Gallery was built overlooking the park.\u00a0 In 1896 Salford Royal Technical Institute was opened and this now forms part of the Peel Campus of the University of Salford.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEEL TOWER <\/strong>or PEEL MONUMENT<\/strong> is a 39-metre memorial on Holcombe Hill<\/strong> in Ramsbottom<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 1850-1852 to commemorate Sir Robert Peel<\/em> (1788-1850), a former prime minister and founder of the modern police force, who was born in Bury.\u00a0 There are also places in Australia, Canada and New Zealand named after Peel.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEINE SQUARE <\/strong>is a public space in front of the civic centre in Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 The square is named after the German town of Peine<\/em> in Lower Saxony, with which Heywood has been twinned since 1967.\u00a0 Peine is said to be named after Berthold von Pagin<\/em>, a 12th<\/sup> century knight.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEMBERTON <\/strong>is a suburb of Wigan<\/strong> on the banks of the River Douglas<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1212 as Penberton<\/em>, meaning \u2018barley hill settlement\u2019 from the Celtic penn<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019) or Old English penn<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019) + Old English bere <\/em>(\u2018barley\u2019) + t\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018enclosure, village\u2019).\u00a0 Pemberton is found at the foot of a 95-metre hill named Orrell, which gave its name to the nearby suburb of Orrell<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PENCIL BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Beal <\/strong>that rises in Higher Rushcroft<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>and flows north-east to meet the Beal in Goats<\/strong>.\u00a0 The origin and date of the name are undocumented, but there have been several suggestions.\u00a0 There seems to be no record of pencil manufacture in the area but the stream is straight for much of its present course and it has been suggested that this could be the origin of the name.\u00a0 More likely is that it derives from Old English pensel<\/em> or pensil<\/em>, meaning \u2018a small pen<\/em> or enclosure\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PENDLEBURY<\/strong> is a town in the City of Salford<\/strong> about 6 kilometres north-west of Manchester.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name is recorded as Penelbiri<\/em> in 1202 but the modern spelling was not adopted until after 1567.\u00a0 The name means \u2018fort on a hill\u2019, with reduplication of Celtic and Old English elements meaning \u2018hill\u2019, from the Celtic pen<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019) + Old English –hyll<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019) + burh <\/em>(\u2018fort\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PENDLETON<\/strong> is an inner-city suburb north-west of the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1200 as Penelton<\/em>, meaning \u2018the t\u016bn <\/em>or village of or near Penhill\u2019.\u00a0 Pendleton is on a 70-metre ridge and it is believed that this must at one time have been called Penhyll<\/em> from Celtic pen<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019) + Old English –hyll<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEN LEACH BROOK <\/strong>or PENLEACH BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong> that rises north-east of Leigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and flows south-east to join Bedford Brook<\/strong>, and ultimately meets the River Glaze<\/strong> near Warrington.\u00a0 The name is recorded on the Ordnance Survey maps of the late 19th<\/sup> century but its origin and meaning are uncertain.\u00a0 A literal interpretation of its elements suggests \u2018a muddy stream (Old English laecc<\/em>) below a headland (Celtic penn<\/em>) or beside an animal enclosure (Old English penn<\/em>)\u2019, but this meaning and derivation cannot be verified.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The PENNINES <\/strong>are a range of hills running along the spine of England and some of the places in north-eastern Greater Manchester<\/strong> can be said to be on the slopes of the Pennines.\u00a0 The name was not coined until about 1757, when Charles Julius Bertram fraudulently claimed to have found it in a 14th<\/sup> century manuscript.\u00a0 The name is thought to have been influenced by or copied from the Apennines<\/em>, the Italian mountain chain.\u00a0 The origin of this name is usually given as the Celtic penn<\/em>, meaning \u2018mountain top\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PENNINGTON<\/strong> is a suburb of Leigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1246 as Pinington<\/em>, usually said to mean \u2018a village or farmstead paying a penny rent\u2019, from Old English pening <\/em>+ t\u016bn<\/em>.\u00a0 Alternatively, it could be an eponym meaning \u2018a settlement belonging to a man named Pinna<\/em>\u2019.\u00a0 Pennington gives its name to Pennington<\/strong> Flash Country Park <\/strong>and Pennington Brook, a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PENNINGTON FLASH COUNTRY PARK<\/strong> is a 490-hectare recreational area near Leigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan <\/strong>which forms part of the Flashes of Wigan and Leigh.<\/strong>\u00a0 The park, opened in 1981, is centred on Pennington Flash, a 70-hectare lake created in the early 20th<\/sup> century by subsidence from Bickershaw<\/strong> colliery.\u00a0 The name comes from the nearby township of Pennington<\/em> + flash<\/em>, a lake formed by subsidence.\u00a0 Pennington Brook is a 3.5-kilometre stream that flows out of Pennington Flash before joining Glaze Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PENNINGTON GREEN <\/strong>is a village south of Aspull<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Pennington<\/em> Hall, which was owned by the Pennington<\/em> family from the 13th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The hall was demolished in 1964 but much of the estate had been transformed into a public park in 1920.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u2018PERSONCHESTER\u2019<\/strong> is a name that has been suggested (despite the etymology and Manchester\u2019s record in promoting women\u2019s rights) as a non-sexist version of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The suggestion goes back at least as far as 1977 but a 2017 campaign to change the name of Manchester United football club came to nothing.\u00a0 However, another campaign was later launched in 2023 to change the name of the city.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PHILIPS PARK, Bradford<\/strong>, is a 12.5-hectare public park of east Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened on 22 August 1846 as one of the first municipal parks in the world and was named after Mark Philips<\/em> (1800-1873), who was one of Manchester\u2019s first two MPs and who campaigned for public parks in the industrialised towns and cities of Victorian England.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PHILIPS PARK, Prestwich<\/strong>, is a 52-hectare nature reserve and forms part of Prestwich<\/strong> Forest Park in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally a mediaeval deer park, established in 1291 by the Pilkington<\/strong> family.\u00a0 It was purchased in 1785 by Thomas Philips <\/em>(1728-1811), a local businessman.\u00a0 In 1830 his nephew, Robert Philips<\/em> (1760-1844), a textile-mill owner, built the family home in \u2018the park\u2019.\u00a0 Philips Park was purchased by Whitefield<\/strong> and Prestwich Councils in 1946, and opened as a public park in 1948.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PICCADILLY<\/strong> is a district in central Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name was first applied in 1780 to a street that had previously been known as Lever\u2019s Row, and was then used for the surrounding district, which had been called Daub Holes (see Daubhill<\/strong>), by about 1812.\u00a0 The name came from the affluent area of Piccadilly<\/em> in London and is another example of gentrification \u2013 trying to improve the image of an area by transferring a fashionable or aristocratic name from elsewhere.\u00a0 In time, the name was applied to the nearby Piccadilly Gardens<\/strong> and Piccadilly station<\/strong>.\u00a0 Piccadilly<\/em> in London took its name in the mid-17th<\/sup> century from the French piccadill<\/em>, a kind of stiff collar that was made in the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PICCADILLY GARDENS <\/strong>are a public open space with a bus station in central Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The gardens were laid out in the 1930s after the demolition of the original Manchester Royal Infirmary in 1910, and named after the nearby street of Piccadilly<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PICCADILLY STATION<\/strong> is Manchester<\/strong>\u2019s principal railway station.\u00a0 It was opened on 8 May 1842 by the Manchester & Birmingham and Sheffield Ashton-under-Lyne and Manchester railways as Store Street<\/strong>.\u00a0 The Manchester & Birmingham\u2019s successor, the London & North Western Railway, renamed it London Road<\/strong> in 1847.\u00a0 In 1960, following electrification and modernisation, it was renamed Piccadilly after the nearby Piccadilly Gardens<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PICKHILL BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that is formed west of Pobgreen<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> through the confluence of Royle Brook<\/strong> and Capper Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 It then flows west to meet the Tame in Uppermill<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the 19th<\/sup> century and derives from Middle English pightel<\/em>, meaning \u2018a small enclosure, croft\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PICKLEY GREEN<\/strong> is a village about 3.2 kilometres north of Leigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the opening of a colliery in 1804 but the village church dates from the 12th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 There are different suggestions for its origin.\u00a0 One is that it is an eponym:\u00a0 Anglo-Saxon personal name Pic<\/em> or Picco<\/em> (perhaps related to pike<\/em>, the mediaeval weapon) + Old English l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018woodland clearing\u2019).\u00a0 Perhaps more likely is Middle English pightle<\/em>, meaning \u2018a small field or enclosure, a croft\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PIETHORNE BROOK<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Beal <\/strong>that rises on the moors at Rock Stones Hill, south-east of Littleborough<\/strong>, and flows south-west through a series of reservoirs (Ogden, Kitcliffe, Piethorne, Hanging Lees, Norman Hill<\/strong> and Rooden<\/strong> Reservoirs) constructed in 1858-1878 to meet the Beal at Milnrow<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the 19th<\/sup> century but it is said come from Middle English pie<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018magpie\u2019) + thorn<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018hawthorn-tree\u2019), both of which are found in the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PIGS LEE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong> that rises east of Walmersley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> and then flows west and south-south-west 507 metres to meet the Irwell near Burrs Country Park<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is thought to take its name from a settlement meaning \u2018a clearing (l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em>) where pigs are kept\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PILKINGTON<\/strong> is (or was) a residential district of Prestwich<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> beside the River Irwell<\/strong> where it meets the River Croal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1202 as Pulkinton<\/em> and with its modern spelling in 1246.\u00a0 It is an eponym, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Pilheard<\/em> or Pileca<\/em> + inga<\/em> (\u2018belonging to\u2019) + t\u016bn <\/em>(\u2018enclosure, farmstead, village\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PILSWORTH<\/strong> is a residential area of Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1243 as Pylesworth<\/em>, an eponym meaning \u2018Pil\u2019s settlement\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Pil <\/em>or Pilheard<\/em> + Old English worth<\/em> (\u2018enclosure, settlement\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PIMHOLE <\/strong>is a residential area east of Bury<\/strong> town centre to the west of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1650 but is not well documented.\u00a0 It may be derived from the Old English pimb<\/em>, meaning \u2018wood, tree\u2019 + hole<\/em>, meaning \u2018hollow, valley\u2019, so that the meaning could be \u2018the valley (of the River Roch) where wood grows\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PINGOT QUARRY WATERFALL <\/strong>is a small waterfall near Lamberhead Green<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name seems to have originated as The Pingot<\/em>, a dialect word meaning \u2018a small croft or enclosure of land\u2019.\u00a0 It originally referred to a spring of pure water which supplied nearby Pemberton<\/strong>, but this was closed down in 1880.\u00a0 Late in the 19th<\/sup> century the name was applied to a sandstone quarry on Crompton<\/strong> Moor that was closed down during the 1970s.\u00a0 Water that cascades off the moor into the quarry is known as the Pingot Quarry Waterfall, and this then forms the Old Brook, which eventually flows into the River Beal<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PITSES <\/strong>is a small residential area close to the River Medlock<\/strong> and east of Alt<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Pitses goes back to mediaeval times and it has been suggested that it may be a reduplicated plural of pits<\/em>, perhaps indicating early coal workings in the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PLANK LANE<\/strong> is a residential area on the western edge of Leigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the building of Plank Lane Lock<\/em> on the Leigh branch of the Leeds & Liverpool Canal in 1819, but the name may refer to an earlier wooden or plank bridge across marshy or flooded land from the Middle English plank<\/em> or plaunke<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PLATT BRIDGE<\/strong> is a residential area of Wigan<\/strong>, about 3 kilometres south-east of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is found in 1212 as Platte<\/em> and as Plat Bridge<\/em> in 1599.\u00a0\u00a0 The name is an example of reduplication as Middle English plat<\/em> actually means \u2018a footbridge\u2019, presumably referring to a bridge over the nearby Borsdane<\/strong> Brook.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PLATT<\/strong> FIELDS PARK <\/strong>is a 2.4-hectare park in Rusholme<\/strong>, south of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1150, when the \u2018lands of Platt\u2019<\/em> were given to the Knights of St John.\u00a0 This suggests that the name is an eponym and the Platt family are known to have owned an estate in this area from the 13th<\/sup> to the 17th<\/sup> centuries.\u00a0 The estate was purchased by the City of Manchester in 1908 and opened to the public as Platt Fields Park in 1910.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The PLAZA <\/strong>is a cinema and theatre off Mersey Square<\/strong> in Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in an extravagant art deco style with a rising organ and opened on 7 October 1932.\u00a0 It was named the Plaza<\/em> \u2013 a popular name for cinemas in the north-west of England at the time, derived from the Spanish for space or market.\u00a0 It closed as a cinema on 31 December 1966 and was converted to a bingo hall.\u00a0 In March 2000 it was sold to the Stockport Plaza Trust, refurbished and re-opened as a cinema and theatre on 7 October 2000.\u00a0 It now has Grade II listing and is frequently used for period films and TV dramas.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PLUMPTON WOOD\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>There are several places called Plumpton in what was Lancashire<\/strong> and elsewhere in England, all meaning \u2018farmstead or village where plums grow\u2019, from the Old English plume<\/em> + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>.\u00a0 Plumpton Wood north of Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> is recorded in 1826, when it was the scene of a notorious murder.\u00a0 It also gives its name to Plumpton Wood Brook, a short tributary of the River Roch<\/strong> that flows through Plumpton Wood to meet the Roch east of Hooley Bridge<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
POBGREEN <\/strong>or POB GREEN <\/strong>is a hamlet east of Uppermill <\/strong>in the area of Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1725 but it is known that the church and adjoining settlement date back to mediaeval times.\u00a0 The origin of the name is obscure, but may derive from the dialect term pob<\/em>, meaning \u2018waste material from the manufacture of flax or other textiles\u2019, but this cannot be confirmed.\u00a0 It is known that textile production, including flax, was carried out in the area from the 18th<\/sup> century and perhaps earlier.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
POCKET <\/strong>or The POCKET<\/strong> is a residential and industrial area in Deane<\/strong> on the outskirts of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It appears on a map of 1850 as a pocket<\/em> of land south of the River Croal<\/strong>.\u00a0 Croal means \u2018winding stream\u2019 and Pocket seems to have to developed in one of its many meanders.\u00a0 The term \u2018pocket\u2019 is being perpetuated with the laying out of \u2018pocket parks\u2019 along the banks of the Croal.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
POISE BROOK<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Goyt<\/strong> which rises in High Lane<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport.<\/strong>\u00a0 It then flows through Poise Bank Local Nature Reserve in north-west Offerton<\/strong> to join the Goyt in Woodbank Memorial Park<\/strong> in eastern Stockport.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in about 1350 as Puysclogh<\/em>, meaning \u2018pease valley or valley where peas grow\u2019, from the French pois<\/em> or Middle English pease <\/em>+ cl\u014dh<\/em> (\u2018deep valley\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
POLEFIELD<\/strong> is a residential area of Prestwich<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The location seems to date from the early 16th<\/sup> century, when it is said to have been called Deadwenclough (\u2018Dead women in a stream\u2019).\u00a0 The name Polefield<\/em> seems to have been adopted later in the century and was the site of Polefield House and Polefield Hall.\u00a0 The name was derived from Old English pol\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018a pole or beacon, especially one used for communication\u2019) + feld<\/em>.\u00a0 Polefield Hall was demolished in the 1930s and the land was used to build a housing estate.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
POMONA ISLAND <\/strong>and POMONA DOCKS\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Pomona Island is an island on the River Irwell<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford <\/strong>that was originally named Strawberry Island.\u00a0 In 1845 the island was developed into a leisure centre and renamed Pomona <\/em>Gardens after the Roman goddess of fruit and gardens.\u00a0 In 1875 a huge concert hall was built, the Royal Pomona Palace, the largest in Victorian England and capable of seating more than 30,000 people.\u00a0 In June 1887, an explosion at a nearby chemical factory badly damaged the Royal Pomona Palace \u2013 it was closed and sold for docks on the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The canal was completed in 1894 and Pomona Docks were opened in 1903.\u00a0 The docks were closed in 1982 and fell into decline, but there are plans for development around the Metrolink tram stop of Pomona, which was opened in December 1999.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
POOLSTOCK <\/strong>is a residential area of Wigan<\/strong> about one kilometre south-west of the town centre, close to the River Douglas<\/strong> and the Leeds & Liverpool Canal.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1520 as Pulstoke<\/em> and means something like \u2018place near or beside a pool\u2019, from the OId English pull<\/em> (\u2018pool\u2019) + stoc <\/em>(\u2018place, outlying settlement\u2019).\u00a0 It has been suggested that Poolstock was an outlying settlement used for summer grazing by the River Douglas for cattle from elsewhere.\u00a0 Poolstock Brook is a tributary of the River Douglas, which rises near Poolstock and flows north-west to meet to Douglas south of Wigan.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The PORTICO <\/strong>is an independent subscription library in Mosley Street in central Manchester <\/strong>that was opened in 1806.\u00a0 It takes its name both from its architecture, with a Greek-style portico<\/em> as its main entrance, and because it was intended to be a gateway to knowledge and literature.\u00a0 William Gaskell, the husband of Elizabeth Gaskell<\/strong>, was its chairman for 30 years.\u00a0 Peter Mark Roget was its first secretary and began writing his Thesaurus there.\u00a0 The library is now housed on the first floor.\u00a0 The ground floor is occupied by a pub called \u2018The Bank\u2019, recalling the days when it was leased to the Bank of Athens.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PORTLAND BASIN WAREHOUSE<\/strong> is a canal museum near Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is located at the junction of the Ashton and Huddersfield Canals in a warehouse built in 1834 beside the wharves of Portland Basin, which was opened in the 1820s and named after the 3rd<\/sup> Duke of Portland<\/em> (1738-1809).\u00a0 Canal traffic ceased in the 1960s and much of the warehouse was destroyed by fire in 1972, but the canal and warehouse have been restored and the museum opened in 1985 and expanded in 2005.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PORTWOOD<\/strong> is a residential area of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> that was in Cheshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Portwode<\/em> in 1337, from Old English port <\/em>+ wood<\/em>, meaning \u2018the wood by the port\u2019, apparently referring to a wood close to Stockport.\u00a0 Port<\/em> here means \u2018town, market\u2019 rather than \u2018harbour\u2019.\u00a0 Portwood Hall, which was built in 1546 and stood on the banks of the Mersey<\/strong>, was noted for its orchards, gardens and deer park. In 1732, a silk mill was built at Portwood which can claim to be the first water-powered textile mill in north-west England.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
POT GREEN <\/strong>is a small residential and conservation area south-west of Ramsbottom<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Bury of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The settlement dates from the 17th<\/sup> century but the origin of the name seems to be undocumented.\u00a0 However, it seems likely that the derivation is similar to that of nearby Holcombe Brook<\/strong>, where hol<\/em> means \u2018hole\u2019 or \u2018hollow\u2019.\u00a0 Similarly, the pot<\/em> of Pot Green could be a depression or hollow in the landscape.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
POTS AND PANS <\/strong>is a landmark on top of Alderman\u2019s Hill<\/strong> in the Peak District<\/strong> overlooking Uppermill<\/strong> and the Tame<\/strong> valley in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It consists of a pile of hollowed-out boulders resembling pots and<\/em> pans<\/em>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1843 but the rocks are said to have been thrown by two Saddleworth<\/strong> giants named Alder and Alphin<\/strong> in an ancient battle.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
POUNDSWICK <\/strong>was a rural area of Northern Etchells<\/strong> which since the 1930s has largely been swallowed up by Wythenshawe<\/strong> in south Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1280 as Pundesok<\/em>, from the Old English pund<\/em> (\u2018pound, enclosure for animals\u2019) + \u0101c <\/em>(\u2018oak\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
POWNALL GREEN<\/strong> is an area of Bramhall<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> which was included in Cheshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in the 12th<\/sup> century as Pohenhale<\/em>, meaning the \u2018nook of land (halh<\/em>) belonging to someone called Pohha<\/em>\u2019 and in 1297 a Richard de Pounale<\/em> is recorded as a farmer in the Wilmslow area of north Cheshire but the Bramhall Pownalls were descended from Humphrey Pownall, who leased land from the Davenports of Bramall Hall<\/strong> and who died in 1604.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PRESTOLEE <\/strong>is a village in Kearsley<\/strong> on the River Irwell<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, which was formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1618 as Prestall Lee<\/em> and it was often written as two words until later in the century.\u00a0 The name means \u2018the clearing or meadow (–<\/em>l\u0113ah<\/em>) of the hall<\/em> of the priests (pr\u0113ost<\/em>)\u2019.\u00a0 The priests\u2019 hall refers to the nearby oratory at Farnworth<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PRESTWICH<\/strong><\/a> is a town on the northern bank of the River Irwell <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>, about 5 kilometres north of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1194 as Prestwich<\/em>, meaning \u2018priest\u2019s farm or village\u2019 or even \u2018parsonage or rectory\u2019, from Old English pr\u0113ost<\/em> + w\u012bc<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PRETTYWOOD<\/strong> is a small area west of Heywood<\/strong> overlooking the River Roch<\/strong> on the border between the metropolitan boroughs of Rochdale<\/strong> and Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is not documented before 1850 and then developed in the second half of the 19th<\/sup> century, with Prettywood road bridge over the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway built in about 1875 and the nearby Railway Inn in 1883.\u00a0 The name is apparently aspirational.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PRICKSHAW BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Spodden<\/strong> that rises east of Whitworth in Lancashire <\/strong>and flows south-east to Spring Mill Reservoir<\/strong>.\u00a0 It then flows east to meet the Spodden north-east of Catley Lane Head<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1292 as Prikkeschagh<\/em>, meaning something like \u2018the thorny (Old English prica<\/em>) enclosure (Old English h<\/em>\u00e6g<\/em>)\u2019 or \u2018the enclosure surrounded by thorns\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PRIESTNALL<\/strong> is a residential and recreational area of Heaton Mersey<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Priestnall<\/strong> in 1696 and there have been various suggestions for its origin.\u00a0 The first element is generally assumed to be priest<\/em>; the second may be Old English halh<\/em> (\u2018nook of land\u2019), cnoll<\/em> (\u2018hillock\u2019) or cnyll<\/em> (\u2018knell\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PRIMROSE BANK <\/strong>is a residential area of south-west Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1800 and it is recorded as a hamlet in 1829.\u00a0\u00a0 The name of the primrose<\/em> flower is first recorded in 1425 and was valued as a source of evening-primrose oil.\u00a0 In 1964 Oldham Council started a major regeneration of the Primrose Bank estate.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The PRINCE\u2019S BRIDGE<\/strong> was originally a road bridge across the River Irwell<\/strong> between Salford and Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 1859-1863 and named after Prince<\/em> Albert, Queen Victoria<\/strong>\u2019s husband, who had died in 1861.\u00a0 It was rebuilt 1905 and demolished in 2015.\u00a0 It was replaced by a new Prince\u2019s Bridge, a footbridge opened in 2023.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The PRINTWORKS <\/strong>is an entertainment complex in central Manchester<\/strong> with a large cinema, bars, clubs and restaurants.\u00a0 It takes its name from the Hulton newspaper printworks<\/em> that were housed on the site from 1873 until 1988.\u00a0 The site was then sold off, redeveloped and re-opened in 2000.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PRIORY GARDENS<\/strong> are a 6-hectare public park in Sale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> that take their name from Sale Priory<\/em>, a country house built in 1711 as the home of Thomas White, a Manchester<\/strong> lawyer.\u00a0 The house later passed to his son, also Thomas White, a distinguished surgeon, and then to his son, Dr Charles White (1728-1813), the co-founder of Manchester Royal Infirmary (see Cheadle Royal<\/strong>).\u00a0 The Whites gave their name to White\u2019s Bridge<\/strong> over the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The estate was sold to Sale Council in 1923 and the priory was demolished, but the grounds were laid out as a park which is also linked to Sale Water Park<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The PUNGLE<\/strong> is a residential area south of Westhoughton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is little-documented and its origin is obscure.\u00a0 It is recorded as Pungle<\/em> in 1841 but as Pingle Closes<\/em> in 1849.\u00a0 One suggestion is that it is a corruption of Pound Hill<\/strong>, with pound<\/em> meaning an enclosure for stray cattle.\u00a0 Another is that it is a corruption of the Middle English pingel<\/em>, meaning \u2018a small enclosure\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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QUARLTON<\/strong> is a village in the north of Bolton <\/strong>that was formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1246 as Querendon<\/em>, meaning \u2018mill hill\u2019 or \u2018hill where millstones were obtained\u2019, from the Old English cweorn<\/em> (\u2018mill, millstone\u2019) + d\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019).\u00a0 The type of mill referred to is unclear and it may refer to a windmill, a water mill or simply a millstone.\u00a0 The idea that cweorn<\/em> may refer to millstones may be supported by the fact that the hard millstone grit found locally is known to have been used for millstones.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The QUEEN ALEXANDRA PICTURE HOUSE\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> The FESTIVAL THEATRE <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
QUEEN\u2019S PARK, Bolton<\/strong> is an 8.9 hectare public park north-west of the town centre.\u00a0 It was laid out to provide work for destitute mill workers during the cotton famine<\/strong> and initially named Bolton Park when opened in 1866 but was renamed Queen\u2019s Park<\/em> in 1897 to celebrate the diamond jubilee of Queen <\/em>Victoria<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
QUEEN\u2019S PARK, Harpurhey<\/strong> is a 37-hectare public park in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The land was purchased by the city in 1845 and laid out in 1846 as one of the first public parks in England.\u00a0 It was named after Queen<\/em> Victoria<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
QUEEN\u2019S PARK, Heywood <\/strong>is an 18-hectare public park in Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in 1879 and named after Queen<\/em> Victoria<\/strong>, who had given money to the town to purchase the estate of Charles Martin Newhouse (1837-73), a local cotton manufacturer who had died without making a will.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
QUICK<\/strong> is an old name for Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Saddleworth is now the term in general use but Quick survives in various place names in the locality \u2013 Quick, Quickmere, Quick Edge and Quickwood.\u00a0 The derivation is uncertain.\u00a0 A Victorian suggestion that Quick appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 as ‘Thoac’ or ‘Tohac’ has now been discounted as the Domesday entry is thought to refer to Upperthong near Holfirth.\u00a0 More recent suggestions for the origin of Quick are that it may represent a Norman pronunciation of the Old English wic<\/em>, meaning \u2018a dwelling, a building or collection of buildings, a farm\u2019, or that it is derived from Old English cwic<\/em>, meaning the wiggin tree or mountain ash.\u00a0 Perhaps the most-widely accepted proposal is that it is derived from Old English cwic<\/em>, meaning \u2018a quickset hedge\u2019, a type of hedge created by planting quick<\/em> (i.e. live) cuttings, typically hawthorn, so that they grow into a boundary hedge.\u00a0\u00a0 Quick gives its name to Quick Edge and Quick Wood, both south-south-west of Quick in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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R<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RACKHOUSE <\/strong>is a residential area of Wythenshawe<\/strong> west of Northenden <\/strong>in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded as Rack House<\/em> on a map of 1831 of Cheshire. <\/strong>\u00a0Rackhouse Farm was part of the area purchased by the City in 1926 and in 1929 it was chosen as the site of Manchester\u2019s first airport, but it closed in 1930 when Barton<\/strong> airport was opened and the area became a school.\u00a0 The derivation of \u2018rackhouse\u2019 is not documented, but the name is found elsewhere in England meaning \u2018a house<\/em> or barn where things were stored on wooden racks\u2019<\/em>. The word is not included in the Oxford English Dictionary<\/em> but it is still used in the USA for structures where whiskey barrels are stored while the bourbon matures.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RADCLIFFE<\/strong><\/a> is a town on the River Irwell <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> 11 kilometres north-west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0\u00a0 The name is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Radeclive<\/em>, meaning \u2018red cliff\u2019 and referring to the red <\/em>sandstone cliff<\/em> beside the Irwell (see<\/em> Appendix 1). It is taken from the Old English read<\/em> (\u2018red\u2019) + clif<\/em> (\u2018cliff\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RADCLIFFE EES<\/strong> is a 41-hectare area of wetland on the north bank of a meander in the River Irwell<\/strong> east of the town of Radcliffe<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 Ees<\/em> is a local word for a water meadow derived from the Old English \u0113g<\/em>, meaning \u2018island\u2019, often a piece of firm land in an area liable to flooding.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RAG HOLE BROOK <\/strong>is a short stream that rises on Dick Hill<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and flows south through Rag Hole Clough into the north-west corner of Ogden<\/strong> Reservoir.\u00a0 The name is not recorded before the mid-20th<\/sup> century and its origin is obscure.\u00a0 Local sources suggest it is from the dialect rag<\/em>, meaning \u2018hoar frost\u2019, but it could also come from OE ragge<\/em> (\u2018rough stone\u2019, hence \u2018ragged\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RAIKES CLOUGH <\/strong>is a 14-hectare wooded area beside the River Croal<\/strong> south-west of Darcy Lever<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are several places named \u2018Raikes\u2019 in the Bolton area \u2013 Raikes Bleach Works dates back to the 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The origin is thought to be Old Norse r<\/em>\u00e1k <\/em>or Middle English rake<\/em>, meaning \u2018a lane, path, track\u2019, particularly one leading to pasture.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RAIN SHORE <\/strong>or RAINSHORE <\/strong>is a hamlet and housing estate to the west of Greenbooth Reservoir<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The settlement is not well documented but local farmhouses have 1709 and 1777 on their datestones.\u00a0 The origin of the name is uncertain but it probably has nothing to do with either \u2018rain\u2019 or \u2018shore\u2019:\u00a0 it might mean \u2018steep bank (Old English scoren<\/em>) beside a small stream (rynel<\/em>)\u2019.\u00a0\u00a0 The stream could be Fordoe Brook<\/strong>, which powered 19th<\/sup>-century wool and dye mills in Rainshore.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RAINSOUGH <\/strong>is an open space and residential area in Prestwich<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is also the site of an Iron Age and Roman fort atop Rainsough Hill, although no remains are visible today.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1716, when a poorhouse was built nearby.\u00a0 The name is said to have originally been Raineshaw<\/em>, suggesting that it might have been derived from Old English hr<\/em>\u00e6fn<\/em> (\u2018raven\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RAKEWOOD <\/strong>is village south of Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is not well documented before the building of a church by the Methodists in 1867 and Rakewood Lower Mill, which is believed to date from the 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name means \u2018wood in a narrow valley\u2019, from the Old English hraeca <\/em>(\u2018mouth of a narrow valley\u2019) + wudu<\/em>.\u00a0 The valley is probably that of Hollingworth<\/strong> Brook or Longden End Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RAMSBOTTOM<\/strong><\/a> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury <\/strong>on the banks of the River Irwell.\u00a0 <\/strong>The name is recorded in 1324 as Romesbothum<\/em> and means \u2018valley bottom where wild garlic grows\u2019 from the Old English hramsa<\/em> + bothm<\/em>, suggesting that the herb may have grown along the valley.\u00a0 A less likely possibility is that it actually means \u2018ram\u2019s valley bottom\u2019 from the Old English ramm <\/em>(\u2018ram\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RAMS BROOK<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises south of Slackcote<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows north-east into the Tame.\u00a0 Rams Clough is recorded in 1739 and the name may literally mean \u2018the valley of the rams\u2019 (Old English ramm<\/em>) or, less likely, may be derived from Old English hr<\/em>\u00e6fn<\/em>, so that the meaning would be \u2018valley of the ravens\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RAVEDEN BROOK<\/strong> and RAVEDEN CLOUGH\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>Raveden or Ravden Brook is a tributary of the River Tonge<\/strong> that rises on the Pennine<\/strong> moors and flows through Smithills <\/strong>Country Park to join Dean Brook<\/strong> to form Astley<\/strong> Brook.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1429 as Rapeden<\/em> but its origin is unclear.\u00a0 It may be from the Old Norse hrapi<\/em>, meaning \u2018small shrubs\u2019, or hrapa<\/em>, meaning \u2018rushing\u2019.\u00a0 A third possibility is that it is an eponym, either from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Hraefn<\/em> or the later Raphe<\/em> or Ralphe<\/em>.\u00a0 The second element is the Old English d\u0113nu<\/em>, meaning \u2018valley\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RAVENSTONE ROCKS <\/strong>and RAVENSTONE BROW <\/strong>are found on Broadstone Moss<\/strong> in the Peak District <\/strong>National Park east of Diggle<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 The names are recorded on the Ordnance Survey of 1843 and presumably suggest that ravens were found in the area or, less likely, the rocks are shaped like a raven.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RAYNER PARK<\/strong> is a public park in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The park was opened on 15 November 1924 by Mrs Ann Alice Rayner, who gave the land to the local authority and asked that it be named after her husband, John Edward Rayner<\/em> (1851-1918), who owned several collieries in the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
READYCON DEAN BROOK<\/strong> and READYCON DEAN RESERVOIR\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>The reservoir was completed in 1883 as the highest of a series in the Denshaw<\/strong> area built to supply the growing population and industries of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 The reservoir is fed by streams from Readycom Hill<\/em> and Readycon Dean Brook<\/em> flows out of the western end of the reservoir and eventually feeds Crook Gate<\/strong>, Dowry<\/strong> and New Year\u2019s Bridge<\/strong> reservoirs.\u00a0 The water flowing out of these reservoirs then form the River Tame<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1468 as Redokindenhede<\/em>, meaning \u2018red oak valley\u2019, from the Old English r<\/em>\u0113ad <\/em>(\u2018red\u2019) + \u0101cen <\/em>(\u2018oak\u2019) + denu<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RED BANK <\/strong>is a residential area north of the River Irk<\/strong> north of Manchester <\/strong>city centre and Victoria station<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1557 as a street running north-east from the north bank<\/em> of the Irk and takes its name from the red<\/em> sandstone on which it is built and which was used in the construction of Manchester Cathedral, Chetham\u2019s Library<\/strong> and other buildings.\u00a0 It developed as a middle-class residential area in the late 18th<\/sup> and early 19th<\/sup> century but had degenerated into an industrial slum area by the middle of the 19th<\/sup> century, described (but not actually named) by Engels as \u2018utterly uninhabitable\u2019 in 1845, asking, \u2018How can people wash when they have only the dirty Irk water at hand?\u2019, but overlooking the fact that the Dolphin Baths (the first in Manchester) had been opened in Horrocks<\/strong> in Red Bank in 1836.\u00a0 The slums were demolished in the 1930s and the area is currently undergoing regeneration as part of the Victoria North<\/strong> new town project.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RED BROOK <\/strong>is a stream that is formed by the confluence of Sinderland<\/strong> Brook and Caldwell Brook<\/strong> just below Covershaw Bridge<\/strong> in Carrington<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It then flows westward and empties into the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> opposite Glaze Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 Although the stream is mentioned as far back as the 13th<\/sup> century, the current name is thought to be much more recent.\u00a0 There are a good many Red Brooks across England and they often take their name from their iron oxide content, giving them a distinct colouration, but this cannot be confirmed in this case.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
REDDISH<\/strong> is a suburb of Stockport<\/strong>, about 7.5 kilometres south-east of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1212 as Rediche<\/em> but the modern spelling is found from 1577.\u00a0 It is usually said to mean \u2018ditch where reeds grow\u2019, from Old English hr\u0113od<\/em> (\u2018reed\u2019) + d\u012bc<\/em> (\u2018ditch\u2019).\u00a0 Another possibility is that it means \u2018red ditch\u2019 from read<\/em> + d\u012bc<\/em>.\u00a0 In both cases, the d\u012bc<\/em> probably refers to Nico Ditch<\/strong>.\u00a0 Suggestions that the \u2018red ditch\u2019 was the site of an ancient and bloody battle are probably folk etymology.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
REDISHER WOOD <\/strong>is a 14-hectare local nature reserve on Holcombe Moor, west of the village of Holcombe<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1797 as Reddisher Wood<\/em> and in 1848 as Radisher Wood<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are two theories as to the origin of the name.\u00a0 One is that it means \u2018reed ditch\u2019, from Old English hr\u0113od<\/em> + d\u012bc<\/em>, referring to Holcombe Brook, which flows through the wood.\u00a0 <\/em>The other is that it means \u2018red ditch\u2019, from Old English read<\/em> + d\u012bc<\/em>, referring to the red<\/em> or ochre deposits of iron bedrock which discolour the soil and groundwater.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RED LUMB<\/strong> is a village on the moors north-west of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but Lumb<\/em> is a common place name dating back to mediaeval times across Lancashire<\/strong>, West Yorkshire<\/strong> and Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is derived from the Old English r<\/em>\u0113ad<\/em>, referring to the local red clay + lumm<\/em>, meaning \u2018a pool\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RED MOSS <\/strong>is a 47-hectare nature reserve south of Horwich<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was set aside as a nature reserve in 1999 to preserve the wildlife of the ancient moss wetland. \u00a0M<\/em>os<\/em> is the Old English for swamp or marsh, and \u2018red\u2019 presumably refers to the colour of the vegetation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
REDVALES<\/strong> is a suburb of Bury<\/strong> close to the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is an eponym which is first recorded in 1185 as Rediveshale<\/em>, meaning \u2018the nook of land belonging to the lady R\u0113dgifu<\/em>\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + halh <\/em>(\u2018nook or corner of land\u2019), referring to the large bend in the Irwell to the south-west of the current district of Redvales.\u00a0 The modern spelling suggests a rationalisation of the name in the belief that it comes from red<\/em> + vale<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
REEBOK STADIUM\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> TOUGHSHEET COMMUNITY STADIUM<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
REGENT BRIDGE <\/strong>is a road bridge across the River Irwell<\/strong> connecting Hulme<\/strong> in the City of Manchester and Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in 1808 but the chronology of the name is difficult to determine as the building pre-dates the Regency period (1811-20, when the Prince of Wales, the future George IV, acted as regent <\/em>as his father, George III, was incapacitated) and it seems that the bridge was originally known as Quaker Hall\u2019s bridge as it was built by a local Quaker named Hall who charged a ha\u2019penny toll.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RHODES <\/strong>and nearby RHODES GREEN <\/strong>and RHODES RAVINE <\/strong>are areas east of Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1332 as Rodes<\/em>, from Old English rod<\/em> meaning \u2018a clearing\u2019.\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RHODES BANK <\/strong>is a residential area of Oldham<\/strong>, west of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in parish records of 1828 as Rhodesbank<\/em> but the name is probably much older, meaning \u2018the hillside of the Rhodes<\/em> family\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RICHMOND HILL <\/strong>is, or was, a street and residential area on a low rise in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the construction of the Richmond Independent Chapel in Richmond Hill in 1845.\u00a0 The name would seem to have been transferred from Richmond Hill<\/em> in Richmond-on-Thames in what was then Surrey.\u00a0 Richmond-on-Thames was formerly called Sheen but was renamed by order of Henry VII after Richmond in North Yorkshire.\u00a0 The name means \u2018strong hill\u2019 from the Old French riche<\/em> + mont<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RIDGE HILL <\/strong>or RIDGEHILL <\/strong>is a residential and recreational area of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1848.\u00a0 It comes from the 362-metre Pennine<\/strong> hill overlooking Stalybridge and describes the shape of the hill.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RIDING GATE <\/strong>is a location in Bolton<\/strong>, about 6.5 kilometres from the town centre.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is thought to mean \u2018the cleared road\u2019, from Middle English ridden<\/em> (\u2018to clear a way\u2019) + Old Norse gata<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a road, an entrance to a field\u2019).\u00a0 Over time, the original meaning seems to have been forgotten and the name was rationalised to Riding Gate.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The RIGHTON GALLERY <\/strong>is an art gallery in central Manchester<\/strong> belonging to Manchester Metropolitan University.\u00a0 It occupies the Righton Building, originally opened in 1905 as a draper\u2019s shop built for William Righton<\/em> (1855\/56-1923).\u00a0 It late became a builders\u2019 merchants\u2019 showroom but was purchased by Manchester Corporation in 1969.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RIMMON PIT BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> which rises in the Peak District <\/strong>National Park in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>and flows through Rimmon Pit Clough (from Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>, meaning \u2018ravine, deep valley\u2019) to meet Holme Brook<\/strong>, which then meets Greenfield<\/strong> Brook and goes on to join the Tame.\u00a0 In local folklore, Rimmon was a river nymph loved by two giants, Alder<\/strong> and Alphin<\/strong>.\u00a0 The two giants fought for her love by hurling boulders at each other and Alphin was killed.\u00a0 Rimmon, who loved Alphin, killed herself.\u00a0 Pit<\/em> comes from Old English pytt<\/em>, meaning \u2018a pit or hollow\u2019.\u00a0 See also<\/em> ALDERMAN\u2019S HILL<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RINGLEY<\/strong> is a residential area on the east bank of the River Irwell<\/strong> near Kearsley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The early history of the name is not well documented but in 1420 it appears as Ryngleys<\/em>, meaning \u2018round clearing\u2019, from the Old English hring\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018ring, a circle; something circular\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018clearing, glade\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RINGWAY<\/strong> is a village, formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>, which was transferred to the City of Manchester<\/strong> in 1974.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1260 as Ringheye<\/em> and means \u2018circular hedged enclosure\u2019 and comes from the Old English hring<\/em> (\u2018ring, circle\u2019) + haeg<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019).\u00a0 Manchester Airport<\/strong> is located in Ringway.\u00a0 It was opened in 1938 as Manchester Ringway Airport but the name was changed to Manchester International Airport in 1975.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RIVERSVALE ARBORETUM <\/strong>is an arboretum (a wooded area devoted to the study and display of plants and trees) on the south bank of the River Medlock<\/strong> in Limehurst<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name originates from Riversvale <\/em>Hall, a country house built in 1843-47 but destroyed by fire in 1947.\u00a0 The name seems to be a modern coinage \u2013 river<\/em> + vale<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019) – rather than that of a previous settlement or site. The grounds and the arboretum became part of Daisy Nook<\/strong> Country Park in 1976.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROACHES <\/strong>is an area\u00a0to the north of Mossley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are several places named Roach or Roaches in England,\u00a0notably The Roaches, an escarpment in Staffordshire.\u00a0 Most are recorded in the Middle Ages and derive from the French Roche<\/em>, meaning ‘rock’.\u00a0 This may be the origin of Roaches in Mossley, and quarrying in the area may support this possibility.\u00a0 However, the name is recorded only with the opening of Roaches Lock and Roaches Bridge with the opening of the Huddersfield Narrow Canal in 1811, suggesting that the name could be an eponym.\u00a0 Church records show that there was a Roach family in Mossley at the start of the 19th century but this cannot be confirmed as the origin of the place name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROAD END <\/strong>is a residential area between Greenfield<\/strong> and Boarshurst<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is thought to date from the early 19th<\/sup> century when the Chew<\/strong> Valley turnpike road <\/em>came to an end<\/em> at this point before being extended north-west later in the century after tolls were ended in 1885.\u00a0 The toll house in Road End dates from around 1827.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River ROCH<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Irwell <\/strong>that rises in the Pennines<\/strong> south of Todmorden and joins the Irwell<\/strong> east of Radcliffe<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is evidently linked to that of the town of Rochdale<\/strong>, but the link is unclear.\u00a0 It is recorded as Rach<\/em> in the 12th<\/sup> century and it is usually said to be derived from the name of the town, which is spelled Rachedal <\/em>in 1190. \u00a0\u00a0See also<\/em> CALDERBOOK<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROCHDALE <\/strong>is a town 16 kilometres north of Manchester<\/strong> city centre that became a metropolitan borough in 1974.\u00a0 The origin of the name is complex.\u00a0 It appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Recedham<\/em> (see<\/em> Appendix 1) but Rochedale<\/em> is found from 1276.\u00a0 Although Rochdale lies on the River Roch<\/strong>, it is believed that the town gave its name to the river rather than vice versa.\u00a0 The original name was derived from Old English r\u00e6ced<\/em> (\u2018building, hall\u2019) + h\u0101m <\/em>(\u2018homestead\u2019), meaning \u2018homestead with a hall\u2019, but h\u0101m <\/em>was soon replaced by d\u00e6l<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019), referring to the valley of the River Roch, which had acquired its name by the 13th century.\u00a0 When Daniel Defoe visited the town in about 1725, he described it as a \u2018very considerable\u2019 manufacturing town but \u2018so remote, so out of the way, and so at the very foot of the mountains, that we may suppose it would be but little frequented\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROCHDALE PIONEERS MUSEUM <\/strong>and PIONEERS MARKET<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0In December 1844 the Rochdale Equitable Pioneers<\/em> Society<\/em> was established in a building in Toad Lane in Rochdale<\/strong> and, although not the first such society in Victorian England, it became the model for the co-operative movement around the world.\u00a0 The original building was purchased by the Co-operative Union in 1925 and opened as a museum in 1931.\u00a0 The Rochdale Pioneers are also commemorated in the new market which opened in January 2025.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROCHER VALE<\/strong> is a nature reserve in the valley of the River Medlock<\/strong> close to Bardsley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 In the past it was the site of the Rocher Vale colliery but it now forms part of the Park Bridge<\/strong> Heritage Centre.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but rocher<\/em>, from the Old French for \u2018rock\u2019, is found in a number of place names in what was the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROEACRE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Roch <\/strong>which rises west of Castleton<\/strong>, flows north west to meet Millers Brook<\/strong> and then flows into the Roch south of Crimble<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The brook would seem to take its name from the hamlet of Roeacre, which is little documented before the construction of Roeacre Mill in 1886.\u00a0 The name would seem to mean \u2018land where deer are found\u2019, from the Old English r\u0101 <\/em>(\u2018roebuck deer\u2019) + \u00e6cer <\/em>(\u2018arable or cultivated land\u2019), and there are many places in Greater Manchester that are named after deer (Darley Park<\/strong>, Hartshead<\/strong>, Hattersley<\/strong>, Hindley<\/strong>, Hindsford<\/strong>, Roe Cross<\/strong>, Roe Green<\/strong>), but roe<\/em> as a place-name element is often a corruption with another meaning and so further research is required to confirm the origin of the name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROEBUCK LOW BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Medlock<\/strong> which rises on the moors north of Austerlands <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, flows south-west and then south into Strinesdale<\/strong> reservoir and on into the Medlock.\u00a0 There is a village in Rossendale in Lancashire<\/strong> called Roebuck Low, but with no apparent connection to Roebuck Low Brook in Oldham, although both would seem to mean \u2018the hill (Old English hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em>) where roe (Old English r\u0101<\/em>) buck (bucc<\/em>) are found\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROE CROSS <\/strong>is a village north of Mottram in Longdendale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1842 but it is probably older.\u00a0 It means \u2018roebuck cross\u2019, from Old English r\u0101 <\/em>(\u2018roebuck deer\u2019) + cros <\/em>(\u2018cross\u2019), perhaps in reference to its position on a crossroads.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROE GREEN <\/strong>is a residential area of Worsley<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is recorded in 1585 as Rowe Green<\/em>, derived from Old English r\u0101 <\/em>(\u2018roebuck deer\u2019) + grene<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018village green, grazing area\u2019).\u00a0 Roebuck are the most common species of deer in England and are found across the north-west.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROMAN LAKES LEISURE PARK <\/strong>is a private tourist attraction outside Marple<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The \u2018lakes\u2019 originated as a series of millponds formed when the River Goyt<\/strong> was diverted to provide power for Mellor<\/strong> Mill, built in 1792.\u00a0 The mill was burnt down in 1892 and the area was converted into a pleasure park by the mill manager, Edwin Furness, who invented the spurious name to give the idea that the \u2018lakes\u2019 had been built by the Romans<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROMILEY<\/strong> is a suburban village in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see <\/em>Appendix 1) as Rumelie<\/em>, meaning \u2018the roomy clearing\u2019, from the Old English r\u016bm<\/em> or r\u016bmig <\/em>(\u2018roomy, broad, spacious\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018clearing, glade\u2019).\u00a0 Despite its name, it was recorded as having a population of zero.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROODEN RESERVOIR <\/strong>was built in 1894-1901 as one of six reservoirs fed by Piethorne Brook<\/strong> (Ogden<\/strong>, Kitcliffe<\/strong>, Piethorne<\/strong>, Hanging Lees<\/strong>, Rooden<\/strong> and Norman Hill<\/strong>) and the tributaries of Rooden Catchwater to supply water for Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 All six took their names from farms that were abandoned or submerged, and Rooden F<\/em>arm was named after a local hill.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1340 as Roden<\/em>, meaning \u2018hill with a cross\u2019, from Old English r\u014dd<\/em> (\u2018rood, cross\u2019) + d\u016bn <\/em>(\u2018hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROOLEY MOOR<\/strong> is a moorland area north of Rochdale<\/strong> that was formerly known as Shore Moor in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is said to have been changed in the 18th<\/sup> century when a Mr Rowley <\/em>(later corrupted to Rooley<\/em>) took up residence in a local inn.\u00a0 An alternative suggestion is that it is a corruption of Roelow<\/em>, meaning \u2018the hill (Old English hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em>) of the roebuck deer (Old English r\u0101<\/em>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROSCOW FOLD <\/strong>is a hamlet west of Breightmet<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It originated as a square of eleven cottages built in about 1800 and named after an Alice Roscoe<\/em>.\u00a0 Roscoe is a common name in the Bolton area and there are records of Alice Roscoes as far back as about 1578.\u00a0 A fold <\/em>is a small farmstead, often named after the owner.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROSE BRIDGE<\/strong> is a suburb of Wigan <\/strong>east of the main town centre.\u00a0 It takes its name from Rose Bridge<\/em>, which carries the main road between Manchester<\/strong> and Wigan over the Leeds & Liverpool Canal, which was completed in 1816.\u00a0 The bridge itself was built in 1817-19 but the origin of its name seems to be unknown.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROSE HILL <\/strong>is a district west of Marple<\/strong> in the Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name originally applied just to a house, Rose Hill House<\/em>, but the opening of a station by the Marple Bollington & Macclesfield Railway in 1869 under the name Marple (Rose Hill) led to the development of a community named Rose Hill.\u00a0 The original Rose Hill House was demolished in 1945.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROUGH BANK <\/strong>is a rural area of the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> north-east of Newhey<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded with its modern spelling in 1598 and as a local farmhouse dated 1607.\u00a0 It means \u2018rough hill\u2019, from the Old English ruh<\/em> + bank<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROUGHTOWN<\/strong> is a residential area in the north of Mossley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> overlooking the River Tame<\/strong> and the Huddersfield Narrow Canal.\u00a0 The name seems initially to have been unofficial, found in Old Roughtown Mill of 1820 which was powered by the local stream, Roughtown Spout, and in the Huddersfield & Manchester Railway\u2019s Roughtown overbridge of 1845-49.\u00a0 It was standardised in 1865 with the opening of Roughtown School and was then used in official records.\u00a0 There are two theories about the origin of the name.\u00a0 The more common is that it came from the rough<\/em> behaviour of the workers at the nearby Glossop quarries.\u00a0 The other is that the area was difficult to build because of the rough<\/em> and stony ground.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROUNDTHORN<\/strong> is an industrial estate and residential area developed in the mid-1950s in Wythenshawe<\/strong> in south-west Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 Roundthorn <\/em>Farm is shown on a map of 1831 and the name was later applied to the estate that was built over it.\u00a0 Roundthorn<\/em> is a place name found across northern England, derived from Anglo-French rounde<\/em> + Old English thorn<\/em>.\u00a0 There is no species of hawthorn called \u2018roundthorn\u2019 and the name refers to a circular enclosure or animal pasture surrounded by hawthorns as a sort of fence.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROWLANDS <\/strong>is a village east of Summerseat<\/strong> and within a meander of the River Irwell <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is not well documented before the building of a Wesleyan chapel in 1830.\u00a0 It is said to be an eponym and that the area was once owned by a man named Rowland<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROWTON BROOK <\/strong>and ROWTON CLOUGH\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>Rowton Brook is a tributary of the River Medlock<\/strong> which seems to rise south of Holts<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flow south-west through Rowton Clough to join the Medlock.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but there are other places named Rowton elsewhere in England and these suggest that Rowton was once a settlement that gave its name to the brook.\u00a0 Different derivations have been suggested for different places named Rowton \u2013 either Middle English routen<\/em>, \u2018to roar\u2019, or Old English r<\/em>\u016bh<\/em>, \u2018rough\u2019, + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>, meaning \u2018enclosure, village\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROXBURY <\/strong>is a residential area in south-east Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1841 as the site of the New Earth<\/strong> Colliery.\u00a0 Its origin is uncertain but may parallel that of Roxbury in Massachussetts, which was founded in 1630 as Rocksbury<\/em> \u2013 \u2018the burh<\/em> of rocks<\/em>\u2019, referring to the local sedimentary rocks.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROYAL ALBERT EDWARD INFIRMARY <\/strong>is an NHS hospital in north Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the Prince of Wales, Prince Albert Edward<\/em> (1841-1910, later King Edward VII), who, with his wife, the Princess of Wales (1844-1920, later Queen Alexandra<\/strong>) opened the hospital in 1873.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROYAL EXCHANGE\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> EXCHANGE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROYAL GEORGE AQUEDUCT <\/strong>or DIVISION BRIDGE <\/strong>is a stone aqueduct near Mossley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside <\/strong>and Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 1794-97 to carry the Huddersfield Narrow Canal over the River Tame<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was named after the nearby Royal George<\/em> Mills that were built in 1786 and named in honour of King George III<\/em> (reigned 1760-1820).\u00a0 The alternative name of Division Bridge indicates its position on the boundary between Saddleworth and Mossley.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROYAL OAK <\/strong>is a residential area of Baguley<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the Royal Oak<\/em> pub, which was built in 1936 but there is said to have been a pub on the site since the 16th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Its original name was recorded as \u2018The Oak in Baguley\u2019 in 1580 but it was changed to the Royal Oak after the restoration of King Charles II to the throne in 1660.\u00a0 Many pubs were given this name at that time to celebrate the restoration by recalling the time when Charles, then Prince Charles, escaped capture by the parliamentary army after the Battle of Worcester by hiding up an oak tree.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROYALTHORN<\/strong> was a rural area of northern Cheshire<\/strong> in Northen Etchells<\/strong>, now in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The first element was recorded in the mid-13th<\/sup> century as Ryale<\/em>, meaning \u2018rye hill\u2019, from Old English ryge<\/em> + hyll<\/em>.\u00a0 The second element, from Old English thorn<\/em> (\u2018thorn tree\u2019), is recorded in 1536 but the name was rationalised to Royalthorn by 1831.\u00a0 An inn named the Ryle Thorn gave its name to the Royal Thorn pub in Wythenshawe<\/strong> the 1930s, but this was demolished in 2001.\u00a0 The name is retained today by several roads in Sharston<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROYDS BROOK <\/strong>is s stream that rises north of Red Lumb<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and flows south-east into Greenbooth Reservoir<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is said to derive from the Old English rod<\/em>, meaning \u2018woodland clearing\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROYLE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises north of Pobgreen<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>and flows west through Royle Clough to meet Wickens Brook<\/strong> and Pickhill Brook<\/strong>, which then joins the Tame in Uppermill<\/strong>.\u00a0 Royle Clough is recorded in 1747 as Rie-holes,<\/em> probably meaning \u2018hollow<\/em> where rye<\/em> is grown\u2019, from Old English r<\/em>\u04efge<\/em> + hol<\/em>.\u00a0 Royle Brook flows south of a farm name Ryefields, which is reached from Ryefields Drive, confirming the growing of rye and the name of the brook.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROYLEY <\/strong>is a residential area of Royton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1325 as Rylegh<\/em>, meaning \u2018clearing where rye is grown\u2019, from the Old English r\u04efge<\/em> (\u2018rye\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018woodland clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROYTON<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, close to the River Irk<\/strong> and 13 kilometres north-east of Manchester <\/strong>city centre.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1226 as Ritton<\/em> and with its modern spelling from 1577.\u00a0 The name means \u2018farm or village where rye is grown\u2019 from the Old English r\u04efge<\/em> (\u2018rye\u2019) + t\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018farm, village\u2019).\u00a0\u00a0 This is one of the few place names in Greater Manchester<\/strong> that refers to an agricultural crop.\u00a0 It could be said that Greater Manchester\u2019s cotton industry began and ended in Royton \u2013 the first water-powered cotton mill in what was then Lancashire<\/strong> was Thorp<\/strong> Mill, built in 1764, and the last was Elk Mill<\/strong>, completed in 1926.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RUINS <\/strong>is a residential area of Harwood <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong> centred on a street called \u2018Ruins Lane<\/em>\u2019, which was the site of a wood and grain mill built in the last quarter of the 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The mill collapsed in the 1940s, although the lane seems to have been named much earlier, perhaps in the 19th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RUMWORTH <\/strong>is a neighbourhood in the Borough of Bolton<\/strong> that was in Lancashire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1205 as Rumwrth<\/em> and as Rumworth<\/em> in 1278.\u00a0 The name probably means \u2018the broad farm\u2019 from Old English r\u016bm<\/em> (\u2018broad, spacious\u2019) + worth<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018an enclosure\u2019).\u00a0 Rumworth lends its name to Rumworth Lodge Reservoir, which was built in 1849.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RUNNING HILL HEAD<\/strong> is a hamlet on the western edge of Saddleworth<\/strong> Moor and east of Diggle <\/strong>and Uppermill<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>. \u00a0The name is recorded in 1722 and probably refers to the many streams, such as Broadstone Brook<\/strong> and Royle Brook<\/strong>, which run<\/em> off the hill<\/em>.\u00a0 This use of run<\/em> is much earlier than its application to human movement.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RUSH BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong> that rises in Belle Vue<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong> and then flows west through Kirkmanshulme<\/strong> and Rusholme<\/strong> to meet Corn Brook<\/strong> in Moss Side<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 It has been suggested that Rush Brook lent its name to Rusholme.\u00a0 The name seems to date from mediaeval times and is quite literal:\u00a0 \u2018the brook (Old English br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em>) with rushes (rysc<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RUSHCROFT\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>Higher and Lower Rushcroft are residential areas north-west of Shaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the mid-19th<\/sup>-century, when maps of the area show Rushcroft Farm, <\/em>and by the end of the century Higher and Lower Rushcroft appear as hamlets.\u00a0 In the 1950s, estates were built to relieve Oldham\u2019s housing shortage. The name means \u2018an enclosure (Old English croft<\/em>) with rushes (rysc<\/em>)\u2019, perhaps in reference to rushes in nearby Pencil Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RUSHFORD PARK<\/strong> is a residential conservation and recreational area in Levenshulme<\/strong>, about 5 kilometres south-east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is first mentioned as Rushford Bridge<\/em>, which was probably built in 1751.\u00a0 The name means \u2018the ford with rushes\u2019, from the Old English rysc<\/em> + ford<\/em>, perhaps referring to an earlier ford across what is now the Levenshulme Road Brook.\u00a0 The building of the Manchester & Birmingham Railway line to Crewe and the opening of a station at Rushford in 1840 led to residential and commercial development, but the closure of the station in 1843 limited further development until the end of the century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RUSHOLME <\/strong>is a suburb of the City of Manchester <\/strong>about 3.5 kilometres south of the city centre that was formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded as Russum<\/em> in 1235 and means \u2018(the place at) the rushes\u2019, from the Old English ryscum<\/em>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The spelling with -holme<\/em> is from the 16th<\/sup> century and seems to be an assimilation to the \u2018-holme\/-hulme\u2019 <\/em>suffix found elsewhere in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RYDER BROW <\/strong>or RIDER BROW<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0See<\/em> WINNING HILL<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RYECROFT<\/strong> is a locality in the west of Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Borough of Tameside<\/strong> that was formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name first appears as Rycroft<\/em> in 1283 and means \u2018rye field\u2019 from Old English ryge<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018rye\u2019) + croft<\/em> (\u2018small enclosed field\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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S<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SACKVILLE GARDENS<\/strong> is a small park in central Manchester<\/strong> that takes its name from nearby Sackville Street.\u00a0 The street appears on a map of 1807 and is named after Lionel Cranfield Sackville<\/em> (1688-1765), the Duke of Dorset, who was Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.\u00a0 The land was purchased by Manchester City Corporation in 1900 and opened as a public park, originally named Whitworth<\/strong> Gardens.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SADDLEWORTH <\/strong>is a moorland area of the western Pennines<\/strong> that was part of the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong> until 1974 but is now administered as part of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name is recorded in the late 12th<\/sup> century as Sadelwrth<\/em> and with its modern spelling from 1572.\u00a0 It is usually said to mean \u2018enclosure on a saddle-shaped ridge\u2019 from Old English sadol<\/em> (\u2018saddle; saddle-shaped\u2019) + worth<\/em> (\u2018enclosure; enclosed settlement\u2019), but no such saddle-shaped hill has been identified.\u00a0 An alternative suggestion, given Saddleworth\u2019s terrain and position on the border between Yorkshire<\/strong> and Lancashire<\/strong>, is that it could mean \u2018boundary-hill settlement\u2019, from Old English scead<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018boundary\u2019) + hyll <\/em>+ worth<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SADLER\u2019S YARD<\/strong> is a 300-square-metre pedestrian square in central Manchester<\/strong> which was opened in 2015.\u00a0 It is named after James Sadler<\/em> (1753-1828), who was the first Englishman to make a balloon flight.\u00a0 Following his first ascent in Oxford on 4 October 1784, he made a further flight on 12 May 1785 from what is now Balloon Street in central Manchester to Radcliffe<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SAIL BARK MOSS <\/strong>and SAIL BARK ROCKS<\/strong> are found on Saddleworth <\/strong>Moor in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The names are recorded on the 1843 Ordnance Survey map and probably mean \u2018willow bark\u2019, from the Old English salh<\/em>, which means \u2018sallow or willow tree\u2019, + Old Norse b\u00f6rkr<\/em>, meaning \u2018bark\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ST ANN\u2019S SQUARE <\/strong>is a pedestrianised space in the centre of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is named after the nearby Anglican St Ann\u2019s<\/em> Church, which was completed in July 1712, but it also acknowledges the current monarch, Queen Ann <\/em>(1665-1714) and its patron, Lady Ann<\/em> Bland (1662-1734).\u00a0 The Act of Parliament that authorised the construction of the church stipulated that an adjacent area 30 yards wide should be set aside for a regular farmers\u2019 market for the buying and selling of animals in what was previously known as Acresfield.\u00a0 This name is thought to have been derived either from a 13th<\/sup>-century priest called Aca<\/em> or from the acre<\/em>age of the field<\/em>. The fair continued on the site until 1820.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ST GEORGE\u2019S<\/strong> is a residential and recreational area of Hulme<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from St George\u2019s<\/em> Church, built in 1826-1828 as one of 612 Anglican churches built across Britain to commemorate the Battle of Waterloo<\/strong> of 1815 and the end of the Napoleonic Wars.\u00a0 The church was closed in 1984 and converted into flats in 2000-2002, but the name lives on as the name of the district.\u00a0 The name was also celebrated in St George\u2019s Park in Hulme, but this was renamed Barrack Park<\/strong> in 1994.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ST GEORGE\u2019S PARK\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>BARRACK PARK<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ST JOHN\u2019S GARDENS <\/strong>is a park in central Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It lies on the site of the Anglican St John\u2019s<\/em> church and cemetery.\u00a0 The church was completed in 1769 but demolished in 1931.\u00a0 St John\u2019s Gardens were opened in 1932.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ST MARY\u2019S PARK, Prestwich<\/strong>, is a 6.8-hectare public amenity in the centre of Prestwich in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is laid out on land that formerly belonged to St Mary\u2019s Church<\/em> which was purchased by the local council in 1927 and formally opened to the public in 1931.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ST MARY\u2019S PARK, Walkden,<\/strong> is a 6.5-hectare playing ground in Walkden<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally established by a local colliery as an employees\u2019 recreation ground in 1842 and was opened to the public in 1894.\u00a0 There was no church in the vicinity in the 19th<\/sup> century but there are references to a chapel in Worsley going back to the 13th<\/sup> century and these may refer to the Church of St Mary the Virgin<\/em> in Ellenbrook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ST MICHAEL\u2019S FLAGS <\/strong>and ANGEL MEADOW PARK <\/strong>is a 3-hectare public park close to the centre of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name originates with St Michael and All Angels\u2019<\/em> Church, which was built in 1788-1789.\u00a0 By the mid-19th<\/sup> century the area was known for its poverty and disease, and the Manchester Guardian<\/em> wondered \u2018Why one of the ugliest churches in Manchester, situated in one of the most crowded and notorious parts of the city, should have so long enjoyed the pleasant sounding name St Michael\u2019s Angel Meadow is beyond understanding\u2019.\u00a0 In 1855 a law was passed to cover the graves with flagstones<\/em> to prevent people from digging up the soil to sell as fertilizer.\u00a0 The area was walled off in 1888 and Angel Meadow became a popular park and football pitch.\u00a0 The church was demolished in 1935 and since 2001 the area has undergone regeneration. See also<\/em> ANGEL MEADOW<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ST PETER\u2019S SQUARE<\/strong> is a public square in central Manchester<\/strong> named after St Peter\u2019s<\/em> Anglican church, which was built in 1788-1794.\u00a0 The area was originally known as St Peter\u2019s Field and was the site of the massacre on 16 August 1819 when yeomanry attacked a crowd of 60,000 protesters demanding the reform of the House of Commons.\u00a0 It is usually said that 18 people were killed and 700 injured.\u00a0 Five days later James Wroe, the editor of the Manchester Observer<\/em>, coined the term \u2018Peterloo\u2019 to compare the massacre with the Battle of Waterloo<\/strong>.\u00a0 In 1907 St Peter\u2019s church was demolished and St Peter\u2019s Square was laid out and was soon surrounded by large buildings \u2013 the Midland Hotel<\/strong> in 1898-1903, the YMCA in 1909, the Central Library in 1934 (painted by Lowry \u2013 see<\/em> Appendix 2) and the Town Hall Extension in 1938.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ST WERBURGH\u2019S ROAD<\/strong> is in Chorlton-cum-Hardy<\/strong> in the south of the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The road and the Metrolink tram stop take their name from the nearby St Werburgh\u2019s<\/em> church.\u00a0 The originally church dated back to the 7th<\/sup> century and was named after a Saxon abbess (AD 650-700) who became the patron saint of Chester.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SALE <\/strong>is a town in the Borough of Trafford<\/strong> on the south bank of the River Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally in Cheshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The town is said to date from the 7th<\/sup> or 8th<\/sup> century but it is not mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 and it is not recorded until about 1200.\u00a0 Its name comes from the Old English salh<\/em>, which means \u2018sallow or willow tree\u2019.\u00a0 Nearby is Sale Ees, derived from the Old English \u0113g<\/em>, meaning \u2018island\u2019, often a piece of firm land in an area liable to flooding by the Mersey.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SALEM <\/strong>is a residential area south-east of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area takes its name from a church founded in 1824 by members of the Moravian church at Fairfield<\/strong> in Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 Salem <\/em>is mentioned in the Bible (Genesis 14: 18) as form of Jerusalem<\/em> and means \u2018peace\u2019 in both Hebrew and Arabic.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SALE WATER PARK<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0is an area of parkland with an artificial lake and water sports centre in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was formed from a 35-metre-deep gravel pit excavated during the construction of the M60 motorway and opened in 1980.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SALFORD <\/strong>is a city and a metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was formerly in Lancashire<\/strong> and was created as a city in 1926.\u00a0 The name appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Salford, <\/em>meaning \u2018ford<\/em> across the River Irwell<\/strong> where sallow<\/em> or willow trees grow\u2019.\u00a0 The original ford was replaced by a bridge in the 14th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SALFORD QUAYS<\/strong> is a regeneration area of the former Manchester Docks in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 In 1984 Salford City Council purchased the docks from the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> Company and renamed it Salford Quays<\/em>, planning its redevelopment as a commercial, retail, media and residential area in the 1990s.\u00a0 The former wharves of the docks were given names that reflected the former trade links with North America \u2013 Huron Basin, Erie Basin, Ontario Basin, St Peter Basin, St Louis Basin, St Francis Basin, Winnipeg Quay, Vancouver Quay and Detroit Bridge.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SALTEYE BROOK <\/strong>is a short stream in Eccles<\/strong> and Barton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally a tributary of the River Irwell <\/strong>but now flows from the north into the Manchester<\/strong> Ship Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1235 as Salteye<\/em> but its origin does not seem to have been documented.\u00a0 It may be that it means \u2018salt island\u2019 from Old English salt<\/em> + \u0113g<\/em> or \u012beg<\/em> (\u2018island, dry land in a marshy area\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The SALUTATION INN <\/strong>is a pub in Hulme<\/strong> dating back at least as far as 1844 in an area described by Mrs Gaskell as \u2018one of numerous similar streets of small monotonous-looking houses, in a suburb of the town.\u2019\u00a0 The word \u2018salutation\u2019 was originally a religious greeting but was used more generally for any kind of greeting by the time of Shakespeare in the 16th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Its claim to fame is that Charlotte Bront\u00eb stayed there in 1846 when she accompanied her father to Manchester<\/strong> for a cataract operation, describing it as \u2018a not-pleasant-at-all small brick house facing a timber yard.\u2019\u00a0 While staying there she started to write Jane Eyre<\/em>.\u00a0 Today it is owned by Manchester Metropolitan University.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SAM BAMFORD MEMORIAL <\/strong>is an obelisk monument in Middleton<\/strong> cemetery in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> that was erected in 1877 to commemorate Samuel Bamford<\/em> (1788-1872), a radical writer born in Middleton who was imprisoned for treason for his part in leading the Peterloo protests.\u00a0 The inscription on the obelisk reads, \u2018Bamford was a reformer when to be so was unsafe, and he suffered for his faith\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SANDBED <\/strong>is a residential area in Mossley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside.<\/strong>\u00a0 It was formerly in the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong> and was recorded as Sandybed-Yate<\/em> in 1726, but with its modern spelling in 1817.\u00a0 The name would seem to refer to the sandy<\/em> soil in the bed<\/em> of the nearby brook (see Brook Bottom<\/strong>), which flows into the River Tame<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SANDHILLS PARK <\/strong>is a 5.6-hectare public recreational area in Collyhurst<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the red sand<\/em>stone hill<\/em> or outcrop east of the River Irk<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area was used as a quarry and it is believed that the sandstone for Castlefield<\/strong>\u2019s Roman fort and Manchester Cathedral came from here. It was set aside as uncultivated green space in the 1970s and now forms part of the Victoria North<\/strong> regeneration.\u00a0 The name is relatively recent as it does not appear on 19th<\/sup>-century maps.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SANDYWARPS<\/strong> is part of a recently-built residential area in Irlam<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The development has several streets commemorating the Mersey & Irwell Navigation<\/strong> \u2013 Calamanco <\/strong>Way,<\/strong> Ferrymasters Way, Sandywarps, Strickens Lock Lane (named after Stickens or Stickings lock), and Powder Mill Close (from Powder Mill lock, which took its name from the nearby Thelwall Gunpowder Mill).\u00a0 Sandywarps lock was built in about 1760 to bypass a meander in the River Mersey below the confluence with the Irwell in the hamlet of Sandywarps.\u00a0 The name is not well documented.\u00a0 The first element is from the Old English sandig<\/em>, referring to the sandy soil which is so common \u2013 sand\/sandy is the most common first element in the street names of Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 Old English wearp<\/em> has several meanings but probably refers to the hairpin bend or \u2018warp\u2019 in the Mersey at this point.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SAXFIELD <\/strong>was a settlement in northern Cheshire<\/strong> that was absorbed into Wythenshawe<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong> in the 1930s and is now retained only as a street name.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1290 as Saxefeld<\/em>, meaning \u2018Saxons\u2019 open land\u2019, an area thought to have been occupied by Saxons<\/em> rather than Angles.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SCHOLES <\/strong>is an area of Wigan<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>. The name is first recorded as Scoles<\/em> in 1332 and comes from the Old Norse sk\u00e1li<\/em> or Old English scale<\/em>, meaning \u2018hut or temporary shelter\u2019, and is one of the few Norse names in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SCHOOL HILL<\/strong> is an area of Bolton <\/strong>that takes its name from the nearby St George\u2019s Church in Little Bolton.\u00a0 The church was consecrated on 19 August 1796 and an associated Church of England primary school<\/em> was built at a later date.\u00a0 The church was closed in 1975 but the bells were removed and transported to Wangaratta in Australia.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SCOTLAND <\/strong>and SCOTLAND BRIDGE\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>Scotland was originally an area on the north bank of the River Irk<\/strong> in central Manchester<\/strong> close to Victoria<\/strong> Station<\/strong>, but today all that remains is a street called Scotland and a bridge over the Irk.\u00a0 Various suggestions have been made as to the origin of the name:\u00a0 that Bonnie Prince Charlie camped his Scottish troops here during the Jacobite rebellion of 1745 or that it was used by 19th<\/sup>-century farmers who had brought their cattle from Scotland and grazed them here before selling them for slaughter.\u00a0 However, the name seems to be older than either of these suggestions as Scotland Bridge appears on a map of 1741.\u00a0 The most likely derivation is Middle English scot,<\/em> meaning \u2018tax, payment\u2019 + land<\/em> (\u2018land, area\u2019), and the explanation is that the banks of the Irk were used for grazing and fabric drying, and so a tax or tithe had to be paid to the landowners, i.e. they could not \u2018get away scot<\/em> free\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SCOT LANE END <\/strong>is a village south-east of Blackrod<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is literal \u2013 it lies at the top end<\/em> of Scot Lane<\/em> where it meets Manchester <\/strong>Road.\u00a0 The name is little-documented before the opening of Scot Lane Colliery in the 1850s but there are several possible explanations for the name:\u00a0 Scot Lane might have been used as part of a road from Scotland, it might have been used as a route from Aspull<\/strong> to Little Scotland<\/strong>, which lies north-west of Blackrod, or it may have been a road that charged a scot<\/em> (i.e. a payment or toll) for its use.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SCOTMAN\u2019S FLASH<\/strong> or SCOTSMAN\u2019S FLASH <\/strong>is one of several man-made lakes (flashes<\/em>) in the Wigan Flashes Local Nature<\/strong> Reserve<\/strong>, most of which were created by mining subsidence at the turn of the 20th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The origin of the name is uncertain.\u00a0 One local account mentions that two Scotsmen <\/em>drowned in the lake at one point.\u00a0 Perhaps more convincing are newspaper reports from 1895 and 1902 suggesting that winter sports were popular in the area and curling was introduced on the frozen lake by Scotsmen<\/em> living in nearby Worsley Mesnes<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SCOUTHEAD<\/strong> is a village on the edge of Saddleworth<\/strong> moor in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1625 and means \u2018the head of a promontory\u2019, from Old Norse sk\u00fati<\/em> (\u2018a projecting or overhanging rock\u2019) + Old English heafod<\/em> or Old Norse hofuth<\/em> (\u2018head, headland\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SEDDON\u2019S FOLD <\/strong>or SEDDON FOLD <\/strong>is an area in Prestolee<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong> in a tongue of land formed where the Irwell<\/strong> and Croal<\/strong> join.\u00a0 The name comes from Seddon<\/em> farm, which dates from the late 15th<\/sup> century, and it is known that it was owned by Ralph Seddon <\/em>in 1553.\u00a0 Seddon Fold Bridge dates from the building of the Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal, which was completed in 1796.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SEDGLEY PARK <\/strong>is a suburban area of Prestwich<\/strong> in Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was formerly part of Lancashire<\/strong> but early occurrences of the name are not well documented.\u00a0 It is said to mean a swampy area surrounded by woodland, from the Old English\u00a0secg<\/em>,\u00a0\u2018sedge, reed, rush\u2019 + l\u0113ah, <\/em>\u2018wood, clearing\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SEEDFIELD <\/strong>is a residential area north of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is found in about 1850, when Seedfield House<\/em> or Seedfields<\/em> was built as a mansion with extensive grounds, although it was probably taken from an earlier farm in the area.\u00a0 The name is probably literal:\u00a0 a field<\/em> where seeds<\/em> were found or grown, perhaps flax or hemp seeds for the local textile industry.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SEEDLEY<\/strong> is a suburb of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1876, when Seedley Park was opened as a public park, followed by Seedley Park station, opened by the London & North Western Railway in May 1882.\u00a0 The origin of the name is uncertain but may be Old English set<\/em>, meaning \u2018home\u2019 or \u2018stable\u2019 + l\u0113ah, <\/em>\u2018wood, clearing\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SEVEN ACRES COUNTRY PARK <\/strong>is a 32-hectare nature reserve about 3.25 kilometres east of Bolton<\/strong> town centre.\u00a0 It was originally an agricultural area, some or all of which was known as Kindor Bank after John Kindor (1728-1801), the local farmer.\u00a0 The area was recorded on a map of 1764.\u00a0 Its area of 32 hectares equates to 79 acres, and the 7 acres in the name of the park is derived from the area of water that was available to feed a mediaeval corn mill and, much later, the bleaching industry.\u00a0 The area was designated as a country park in 2004.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SEYMOUR PARK <\/strong>is a 6-hectare recreational area south of Old Trafford<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is laid out on land given by Sir Thomas Seymour<\/em> Mead in 1906 for recreational use for dogs and children.\u00a0 It is located beside Seymour Grove, a major road through the area that was named by and for Sir Thomas, a local millionaire who owned a chain of grocery stores across the north west of England.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHADOW MOSS<\/strong>\u00a0is an area in south-eastern Wythenshawe<\/strong> in the City of Manchester, <\/strong>formerly in Cheshire.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name is first recorded in the early 13th<\/sup> century as Shadoke<\/em>\u00a0mosse<\/em>, meaning \u2018the oak at the boundary of the bog\u2019, referring perhaps to a tree that marked the boundary between Macclesfield and Bucklow<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is derived from Old English scead<\/em> (\u2018boundary\u2019) + ac<\/em> (\u2018oak tree\u2019) + moss<\/em> (\u2018bog, swamp\u2019).\u00a0 In time the name became rationalised to Shadow Moss, which is recorded from 1613.\u00a0 It seems quite likely that pubs or restaurants called \u2018Shady Oak\u2019 may also celebrate boundary oaks rather than shady spots under tall trees.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHAKERLEY<\/strong> is a north-western suburb of Tyldesley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1210 as Shakerlee<\/em> and means \u2018robber\u2019s clearing\u2019 from the Old English sc\u0113acere<\/em> (\u2018robber\u2019) + l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018clearing, glade\u2019).\u00a0 The second element refers to a clearing in the surrounding oak forest but nothing is known of the robber after whom the place is named.\u00a0 Shakerley lends its name to Shakerley Brook, a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHAMBLES SQUARE<\/strong> is a pedestrianised area beside the cathedral in central Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was laid out in 1999, when the Old Wellington<\/strong> Inn, which dates from 1552 but was renamed in 1845, was moved there after the 1996 IRA bombing.\u00a0 The name celebrates the Old Shambles<\/em> area, which is recorded in 1657 as the \u2018flesh shambles\u2019.\u00a0 It is derived from the Middle English flesshchameles,<\/em> meaning \u2018place where meat is sold\u2019 and provides the name for \u2018Shambles\u2019 in other towns and cities in England, notably York.\u00a0 A schamel<\/em> was a bench for displaying butchers\u2019 meat.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHARON <\/strong>is small residential area on the southern edge of Grasscroft<\/strong> in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The origin of the name is uncertain but it is sometimes said to be Biblical, from the plain of Sharon<\/em> in Israel noted for its cattle grazing (1 Chronicles 27: 29) and flowers (Song of Solomon 2: 1).\u00a0 There are a number of Biblical place names in the north of the county, mostly dating from the spread of non-conformist churches at the beginning of the 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1832 but I can find no record of a non-conformist community in the area at that time, although Sharon formed part of the parish of St Anne, Lydgate<\/strong>, whose Anglican church was built in 1787-88. \u00a0It should also be noted that two of the streets in Sharon are Sharon<\/em> Avenue and Charlotte Lane, and so the original settlement may simply have been named after a family member of a landowner or builder.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHARPLES<\/strong> is a residential area of Bolton<\/strong> on the River Tonge<\/strong>, about 4 kilometres north of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1212 as Charples<\/em> and with its modern spelling in 1259.\u00a0 The area features a steep hill and the name may be derived from this sense of Old English scearp<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018pointed; steep\u2019) + l\u0101s<\/em> (\u2018meadow\u2019) or l\u0113as<\/em> (\u2018woods; meadows\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHARSTON<\/strong>\u00a0is a residential area and industrial estate in Wythenshawe<\/strong> in the south of the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century as Sharston<\/em>, meaning \u2018notched stone\u2019, from Old English scearda<\/em> (\u2018notched\u2019) + st\u0101n <\/em>(\u2018stone\u2019).\u00a0 The name is a reference to a glacial boulder called the Shar Stone<\/em> in nearby Northenden<\/strong>.\u00a0 This was moved to its present location in 1892 but its previous history has not been ascertained.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHAW <\/strong>is part of the district of Shaw and Crompton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, which lies on the River Beal<\/strong> about 14 kilometres north-east of Manchester <\/strong>city centre. Shaw is recorded in 1555 as Shaghe<\/em>, meaning \u2018copse, small wood\u2019, from Old English sceaga<\/em>.\u00a0 \u00a0Slightly to the south-west are Shaw Side and Shaw Edge.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHAWCLOUGH<\/strong> is a residential area of Rochdale<\/strong>, north of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the early 19th<\/sup> century, when Shawclough<\/em> Brook, a tributary of the River Spodden<\/strong>, provided water power for felt and textile mills on its banks.\u00a0 Shawclough Mill itself was established in 1869 but the name of the stream is probably much older.\u00a0 It means \u2018wooded valley\u2019, from Old English sceaga<\/em> (\u2018small wood, copse\u2019) + cl\u014dh<\/em> (\u2018deep valley\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHAWFIELD <\/strong>is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, north-west of Rochdale town centre.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1561 as Shagfeld<\/em>, meaning \u2018copse in or beside open land\u2019 from Old English sceaga<\/em> + feld<\/em>.\u00a0 It originally developed along Shawfield Lane, which was described as a right of way for \u2018horsemen and fotemen, cart and carriage\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHAWHALL, Hyde, <\/strong>is a residential area in Lower Matley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1845 as Shaw Hole<\/em> but with its modern spelling by 1860.\u00a0 The meaning could be \u2018hollow beside a small wood\u2019, from the Old English sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse, small wood\u2019) + hol <\/em>(\u2018hollow\u2019), and it has been suggested that the hollow could have been a stone quarry or coal mine.\u00a0 Another possibility is that is an eponym, taking its name from the Shaw<\/em> family, who built most of the properties in the Newton <\/strong>area in the 19th<\/sup> century, including Shawhall Mill, which is known to have been in operation by 1818.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHAW HALL, Oldham, <\/strong>is, with SHAW HALL BANK<\/strong>, an area of Grasscroft<\/strong> and Greenfield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Shaw Hall<\/em>, a country house built in the early 14th<\/sup> century by the Shaw<\/em> family.\u00a0 It is said it may have been demolished in the 1790s and the Farrars Arms, a pub that is still in use, built on the site.\u00a0 However, the pub claims to date from 1702 and so the dates don\u2019t fit.\u00a0 A \u2018farrar\u2019 is an old term for a farrier, a maker and fitter of horseshoes, as is shown by the horseshoes in the coat of arms on the pub sign.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHAW HEATH<\/strong> is a suburb of Stockport<\/strong>, south of the main town centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1712 and means \u2018copse heath\u2019 from Old English sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse, small wood\u2019) + h\u01e3th<\/em> (\u2018heath, uncultivated land\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHELDERSLOW <\/strong>is a hamlet in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, formerly in the West Riding of<\/strong> Yorkshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It appears in the early 14th<\/sup> century as a family name, Childreslaue<\/em>, and as the place name in 1531 as Skelderslow<\/em>, from the Old Norse skjaldari<\/em> (\u2018shield maker\u2019) + Old English hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em> (\u2018mound, hillock\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHENA SIMON COLLEGE <\/strong>was built in central Manchester<\/strong> in 1897-1901 as the Central Higher Grade School but was renamed Shena Simon College in 1982 after Shena Simon<\/em> (1883-1972), the Labour politician, feminist and mayoress of Manchester who had much to do with the planning of Wythenshawe<\/strong>.\u00a0 The college closed in September 2025 and it is planned to convert it into a hotel.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHEVINGTON<\/strong> is a village on the north bank of the River Douglas <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, about 5 kilometres west of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1225 as Shefinton<\/em>, meaning \u2018the settlement at Chevin\u2019, derived from the Celtic cevn<\/em> or cefn<\/em>, meaning \u2018ridge\u2019 + Old English t\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018enclosure, farmstead, village\u2019).\u00a0 The name refers to a nearby ridge of high ground on the edge of Shevington Moor.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHOLVER<\/strong> is a residential area of Oldham<\/strong>, about 3.5 kilometres north-east of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1202 as Solhher<\/em> and with its modern spelling from 1278.\u00a0 It is said to mean \u2018sloping hill pasture or temporary hut\u2019, from the Old English sceolh<\/em> (\u2018twisted, sloping\u2019) + Old Norse erg<\/em> or \u01e3rgi<\/em> (\u2018temporary hut, hill pasture\u2019).\u00a0 The name refers to the steeply-sloping ground nearby and the Norse practice of building temporary huts or shielings in hill pastures.\u00a0 Alternatively, the name could be an eponym meaning Skjolgr<\/em>\u2019s pasture.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHOOTERS BROOK <\/strong>is a minor tributary of the River Medlock<\/strong> in central Manchester<\/strong> that is now fully culverted beneath Store Street<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises in Newton Heath<\/strong> and flows south-west to join the Medlock in what used to be called Garret<\/strong> (or Garratt) close to Brook Street, which derives its name from Shooters Brook.\u00a0 The name is recorded in AD 967 as Scytres<\/em>, from the Old English scite<\/em>, meaning \u2018dirt, dung\u2019.\u00a0 It was a pleasant meadow waterway whose name had been sanitised to \u2018Shooters Brook\u2019 in the 18th<\/sup> century but had become heavily industrialised and polluted by the end of the century, and became known as \u201cShitters\u2019 Brook\u201d, thus returning to its Old English origin.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHORE<\/strong> is a village north-west of Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded with its modern spelling in 1324 and means \u2018dangerous slope\u2019 from Old English scora<\/em>.\u00a0 The reference is to the steep hillside nearby.\u00a0 Shore gives its name to Shore Lane Brook, which flows west above Whittaker <\/strong>golf course to meet Hollingworth Brook, which then empties into Hollingworth Lake<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHORE EDGE <\/strong>is a hamlet overlooking Shaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> on the edge of Crompton<\/strong> Moor.\u00a0 The land east of Shaw rises to a height of 391 metres and this explains the name Shore Edge, which has little to do with either Shaw or the modern meaning of \u2018shore\u2019.\u00a0 The name means \u2018the edge or escarpment (Old English ecg<\/em>) of a dangerous slope (Old English scora<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHORESWORTH<\/strong> is an ancient part of Pendlebury<\/strong> on the banks of the River Irwell<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>, although the name seems to have fallen out of use in the 20th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It is recorded in about 1085 as Scoreswurthin<\/em>, meaning \u2018settlement on a steep slope\u2019, from the Old English scora<\/em> (\u2018dangerous or steep slope\u2019) + worth<\/em> (\u2018enclosure; settlement\u2019), referring to the bank or shore of the Irwell.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHUDEHILL<\/strong> is an area in central Manchester<\/strong> around Shudehill<\/em> Street that was originally known as Withy Grove (i.e. willow grove).\u00a0 The present name dates from 1554 and seems to be taken from the word shude<\/em> meaning \u2018the husk of oats\u2019, but the reason for this has not been established. \u00a0Richard Arkwright\u2019s Shudehill Mill of 1782 is said to have been the first steam-powered cotton mill in Manchester.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHUTTLEWORTH<\/strong> is a village north-east of Ramsbottom<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1227 as Suttelsworth<\/em>, meaning \u2018barred or gated enclosure\u2019, from the Old English scyttels<\/em> (\u2018a bar; a barred-gate\u2019) + worth<\/em> (\u2018enclosure; settlement\u2019).\u00a0 The village gives its name to Shuttleworth Brook, a tributary of Cross Bank Brook<\/strong>, which is itself a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SIDDAL MOOR <\/strong>is an area south of Heywood <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1548 as Sydall<\/em>, meaning \u2018wide nook moor\u2019, from Old English s<\/em>\u012bd<\/em> (\u2018wide\u2019) + halh<\/em> (\u2018nook, corner of land\u2019) + m<\/em>\u014dr.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SIDDOW COMMON <\/strong>is an industrial area south of Leigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the early 14th<\/sup> century as Sydale<\/strong>, meaning \u2018wide nook\u2019, from Old English s<\/em>\u012bd<\/em> (\u2018wide\u2019) + halh<\/em> (\u2018nook, corner of land\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SIDE OF THE MOOR <\/strong>or SIDE O\u2019 TH\u2019 MOOR <\/strong>is a hamlet north of Harwood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 1841 census and the first Ordnance Survey map of the area of 1848-50 labels Side o\u2019 th\u2019 Moor Colliery (also known as Hardie\u2019s Colliery).\u00a0 The meaning is quite literal \u2013 the settlement on the side<\/em> of Harwood<\/strong> Moor<\/em>, which is part of the West Pennines<\/strong> Moors.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SIMISTER <\/strong>is a suburb of Bury<\/strong>, south-east of the main town centre.\u00a0 The name is an eponym, taking the name of a James Simister<\/em> or Somister (1722?-1780), who had an estate and three farms in the area at the beginning of the 18th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SIMPSON CLOUGH <\/strong>is hamlet north of Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitans Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the deep valley (Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>) through which Naden Brook<\/strong> and Cheesden Brook<\/strong> flow to meet the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears in parish records in 1773 and is eponymous \u2013 \u2018the valley owned or occupied by someone called Simpson<\/em> (the son of Simon)\u2019, but nothing more is known of the Simpson family.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SIMON\u2019S BRIDGE<\/strong> is a footbridge across the River Mersey<\/strong> in Didsbury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 1901 as a gift to the people of Didsbury from Henry Simon<\/em> (1835-1899), a German-born engineer who came to Manchester<\/strong> in 1860 and founded a company manufacturing industrial equipment.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SINDERLAND GREEN<\/strong> is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> that was formerly part of Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Sundreland<\/em>, when it was said to be unpopulated.\u00a0 The spelling and origin are shared with Sunderland in Tyne and Wear, but its modern spelling is found from 1639.\u00a0 It is derived from the Old English sundor-land<\/em>, meaning \u2018private land; land set aside for some particular purpose\u2019, although it is unclear what that purpose may have been and it may simply refer to its status as private land.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SINDSLEY<\/strong> is a suburb of north-west Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name seems to be falling into disuse but is retained in Sindsley Brook (<\/strong>a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong>), which forms the boundary between Worsley <\/strong>and Swinton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1758, when it was recorded as Singeley<\/em>.\u00a0 The modern spelling was in use by 1832, when Sindsley Mills were built in Swinton.\u00a0 The origin seems unclear, but it may be derived from Old English scingol<\/em>, meaning \u2018a shingle; roofing tile\u2019, or schingled<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018having a shingled roof\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SINGLETON BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises in Kersal <\/strong>in the City of Salford<\/strong>, then flows south-west, forming the historic boundary between Prestwich <\/strong>and Salford<\/strong>, and meets the Irwell in Agecroft<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but there is known to have been a settlement in or near Prestwich called Singleton in the 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Elsewhere in Lancashire Singleton means \u2018a settlement with shingled roofs\u2019, from Old English scingol<\/em>, meaning \u2018a shingle; roofing tile\u2019, + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018enclosure, village\u2019).\u00a0 It is also possible that this Singleton was named after a local family.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SLACK BROOK <\/strong>is a short tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises in Pendlebury<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>, flows south-east and joins the Irwell a little upstream from the Agecroft<\/strong> Road Bridge near Rainsough<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is probably derived from the Old Norse slakke<\/em> or Middle English slack<\/em>, meaning \u2018a small valley\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SLACKCOTE<\/strong> is a village in the Saddleworth <\/strong>district of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the building of Slackcote wool mill in 1780-1781 but is almost certainly far older.\u00a0 It is derived from the Old Norse slakke<\/em>, meaning \u2018shallow depression\u2019, + dialect cote<\/em> (\u2018shed, temporary shelter for animals or tools\u2019).\u00a0 There are a number of other places across north-west England derived from slakke <\/em>and most are recorded from the 13th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SLADE HALL <\/strong>is a country house in Rusholme<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong> that gives its name to the surrounding area that is sometimes known as Slade.\u00a0 The original house dated from about 1160 but the present one was built by Edward Siddall in 1585, making it probably the oldest house in Manchester.\u00a0 The house is recorded in 1322 as Milkewalslade<\/em>, meaning \u2018the valley with the milky spring or well\u2019, from Old English meoluc<\/em> (\u2018milk\u2019) + w\u00e6lla <\/em>(\u2018well, spring\u2019) + sl\u0153d<\/em> (\u2018valley, glade\u2019).\u00a0 By 1600, the name was reduced simply to Slade.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SLADEN <\/strong>is a hamlet near Summit<\/strong> in Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> on the Rochdale Canal.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1246 as Slaneden<\/em>, although the exact derivation and meaning are uncertain.\u00a0 One possibility is that it means \u2018the pasture in the valley\u2019, from Old English denn<\/em> (\u2018woodland pasture\u2019) + sl\u0153d<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SLATTOCKS <\/strong>is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, south of the main town centre.\u00a0 The name is not well documented and there are differing theories about its origin.\u00a0 One is that the second element is ac<\/em>, meaning \u2018oak tree\u2019, but with no plausible explanation for the first element.\u00a0 Perhaps more convincing is that the name means \u2018small valley\u2019, from the Old English sl\u0153d<\/em> (\u2018valley, glade\u2019) + oc<\/em> (\u2018small\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SLADES <\/strong>is an area in the west of Saddleworth <\/strong>Moor in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> where several places with the name are found \u2013 Slades Rocks, Slades Pits and Slades Barn, all accessed from Slades Lane.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1817 and means \u2018valleys\u2019, from Old English sl<\/em>\u00e6d<\/em>, referring to the valleys of the streams in the area, such as Broadstone Brook<\/strong> and Royle Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SMALLBRIDGE<\/strong> is a residential area on the River Roch<\/strong> outside Rochdale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1843 and is explained by its growth around a small bridge<\/em> over the River Roch.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SMALLSHAW <\/strong>is a residential area of Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, north-east of the town centre.\u00a0 There are several places in England called \u2018Smallshaw\u2019, all meaning \u2018small copse\u2019, from the Old English smael<\/em> (\u2018small, narrow\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse, wood\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SMALLSHAW BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Spodden <\/strong>that rises north-east of Catley Lane Head<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and flows south-east through Smallshaw Wood to join the Spodden.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the 20th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It is derived from Old English smael<\/em> (\u2018small, narrow\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse, wood\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SMEDLEY <\/strong>is a suburb of Manchester<\/strong>, north-east of the city centre, where, according to Isabella Banks in her novel The Manchester Man<\/em> of 1876, \u201cthe Irk <\/strong>was clear and bright\u201d.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Smedelegh<\/em> in 1226 and with its modern spelling in 1282.\u00a0 It probably derives from Old English smith<\/em> (\u2018blacksmith\u2019) + l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018clearing, glade\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SMITHFIELD MARKET<\/strong> was a large market in Shudehill<\/strong> in central Manchester<\/strong>, east of the city centre in what is now the Northern Quarter<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was started in about 1820 and given its name in 1822.\u00a0 It may have been named directly after Smithfield<\/em> Market in London, which dates from 1174, but by the mid-17th<\/sup> century the word was more widely used for any cattle market.\u00a0 The original Manchester market was covered in 1853 and was nearly 2 hectares in area by the end of the 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It was closed in 1972 and New Smithfield Market was built in Openshaw<\/strong>, but one building was preserved and is now Mackie\u2019s Mayor<\/strong> food hall and retail outlet.\u00a0 Smithfield is derived from the Old English smeeth <\/em>(\u2018smooth\u2019) + feld<\/em> (\u2018field\u2019), i.e. a flat field where animals can be kept and fattened before being sold or slaughtered.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SMITHILLS <\/strong>is a residential area of Bolton<\/strong>, 5 kilometres north-west of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1322 as Smythell<\/em>, meaning \u2018smooth hills\u2019, from Old English sm\u0113the<\/em> + hyll<\/em>, referring to the moorland landscape.\u00a0 Smithills Hall dates from the 14th<\/sup> century and was purchased by Bolton Corporation in 1938 and opened to the public as a museum.\u00a0 The estate is now an 809-hectare country park, which was opened to the public in 2016.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SMITHY BRIDGE<\/strong> is a suburb of Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1841 and its location on the Rochdale Canal explains its name \u2013 a bridge<\/em> over the canal with a smithy<\/em> nearby for canal boats and the horses that towed them.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SMITHY BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Douglas<\/strong> that rises in Poolstock<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan <\/strong>and flows north-east to meet Poolstock Brook, which then flows north-west to meet the Douglas south of Wigan.\u00a0 Presumably it is named after a local smithy<\/em> or blacksmith working beside the brook<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SMITHY GREEN <\/strong>is a place name found in many places across England meaning \u2018the green where the smithy is found\u2019, from the Middle English smithie<\/em> (\u2018smithy, smith\u2019s workshop\u2019) + gr\u0113n <\/em>(\u2018field, village green\u2019).\u00a0 Smithy Green in Cheadle Hulme<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> is recorded from 1844.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SNAPE HILL <\/strong>is a wooded hill on the edge of the west Pennine<\/strong> moors in Whitefield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> that gives its name to the 41-hectare Snape Hill Wood.\u00a0 Snape Hill<\/em> Farm is recorded before 1730 and probably means \u2018the hill with poor pasture\u2019, from Old Norse snap<\/em> or Old English sn<\/em>\u00e6p<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SNYDALE<\/strong> is a residential area of Westhoughton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1212 as Slinehal<\/em> but it is spelled Snythehill<\/em> with an N by 1278.\u00a0 This difference of spelling makes any derivation difficult \u2013 the second element is Old English hyll<\/em>, referring to the nearby Snydale Hill and the first element may be snite<\/em> or snyde<\/em>, meaning \u2018snipe\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SOURACRE<\/strong> is a village north of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name is recorded in the early 13th<\/sup> century and means \u2018muddy field or field covered with excrement\u2019 from Old Norse saurr<\/em> or Middle English sour<\/em> + Old English aecer<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SOUTH BROOK, SOUTH CLOUGH <\/strong>and SOUTH CLOUGH MOSS \u00a0\u00a0South Brook <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> which rises on Broadhead Moss<\/strong> in the Peak District <\/strong>National Park in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows north-west below South Clough Moss through South Clough to meet North Brook<\/strong> and then join Diggle<\/strong> Brook, which then joins the Tame near Diggle.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1468 as Southclogh-hede<\/em>, meaning \u2018the top or head<\/em> (Old English heafod<\/em>) of the south (s<\/em>\u016bth<\/em>) ravine (cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SOUTH REDDISH \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> REDDDISH<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SPA BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises on Castleshaw<\/strong> Moor in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>and flows south through Spa Clough into Castleshaw Upper Reservoir.\u00a0 The origin and date seem to be undocumented but places named \u2018spa\u2019 are fairly common in what was the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong>, mostly dating from the mid-19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 They are often located near places called \u2018spring\u2019 and \u2018spout\u2019, making a transfer from the Belgian town of Spa<\/em> quite possible.\u00a0 According to the Oxford English Dictionary<\/em>, the first use of spa<\/em> in English was in 1565.\u00a0 The etymology of the Belgian watering-place is uncertain but is generally thought to come from the Latin spargere<\/em>, meaning \u2018sprinkle, moisten\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SPINNINGFIELDS<\/strong> is an area of central Manchester <\/strong>west of Deansgate<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 The name appears on a 1772 map of Manchester.\u00a0 Many of the streets were originally named \u2018fields\u2019 and Spinningfields was named for the dominant occupation of the textile works who lived there.\u00a0 In the 19th<\/sup> century, Spinningfields was renowned as a place of grime and crime, but, after the IRA bombing of 1996, it was designated for regeneration.\u00a0 In 2013, much of the area was bought up and developed into a residential, retail and financial district.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River SPODDEN<\/strong> or SPODDEN BROOK<\/strong> is a river that rises on Shawforth Moor in Lancashire<\/strong> and flows 12 kilometres to join the River Roch<\/strong> in Spotland<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century as Spotbrok<\/em> but its modern spelling is found from 1577.\u00a0 The derivation is uncertain but may be Middle English spoute<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a spout, a gutter, the mouth of a water-pipe\u2019), so that the meaning might be \u2018spouting brook\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SPOTLAND<\/strong> is an area of Rochdale<\/strong> on the River Spodden<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 Spotland <\/em>is first recorded in about 1180 and may just mean \u2018a spot or small piece of land\u2019, but, perhaps more likely, it may take its name from the River Spodden<\/em>, which flows through Spotland, where it joins the River Roch.<\/strong>\u00a0 The Spodden<\/strong> is said to take its name from the Middle English spoute<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a spout, a gutter, the mouth of a water-pipe\u2019), so that Spotland would mean \u2018the land beside the spouting brook\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SPRINGFIELD PARK<\/strong>\u00a0is a 17-hectare public park in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was donated to the borough of Rochdale by Frederick Lye (1860-1948) in order to provide a municipal golf course, which was duly opened on 2 April 1927.\u00a0 The name Springfield came from Springfield House<\/em> and the Springfield Estate<\/em> on which the park and golf course were laid out.\u00a0 The exact derivation of the name in this location has not been ascertained, but Springfield<\/em> is a common place name found in many parts of Britain and usually literally means \u2018a field with a spring\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SPRINGHEAD <\/strong>is now a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, east of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1894, when an urban district was created with the name \u2018Springhead\u2019 rather than \u2018Quickmere<\/strong>\u2019, which had previously been used.\u00a0 It is said that the name came from a house in the village named Springhead House because it had a spring in the garden, and the name came to be applied to the whole village.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SPRING MILL RESERVOIR <\/strong>was built in the late 1880s to supply water to Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is fed from the north by Prickshaw Brook<\/strong> in Rossendale in Lancashire<\/strong>, and Prickshaw Brook then flows out from the south to join the River Spodden, <\/strong>which forms the boundary between Lancashire and Greater Manchester<\/strong> at this point.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 It takes its name from Spring Mill<\/em>, a fulling mill probably built in the late 18th<\/sup> or early 19th<\/sup> century, which was presumably flooded when the reservoir was built.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SPRING VIEW <\/strong>is a residential area south of Ince-in-Makerfield <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is quite literal as it overlooks the area south-east of Wigan known as \u2018Springs<\/em>\u2019, which has many wells and springs, some of which supplied drinking water in the 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It is not known when the name came into use, but the Wigan Branch Railway Act of 1830 authorised the Northern Union Railway\u2019s Springs<\/em> branchline, which connected to the collieries of the area, including Springs Colliery, when it opened in the early 1840s.\u00a0 See also<\/em> NEW SPRINGS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STABLE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises on Rocher<\/strong> Moss on the edge of the Peak District<\/strong> National Park.\u00a0 It flows south-west through Stable Clough<\/em> to meet Diggle<\/strong> Brook, which then flows west to meet the Tame near Diggle in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Stable Clough<\/em> is recorded in about 1272 as Stabliclough<\/em>, meaning \u2018the deep valley (Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>) where there are stables<\/em> (Middle English stable<\/em>) or shelter for domestic or farm animals (not necessarily horses)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STAKEHILL<\/strong> or STAKE HILL <\/strong>and HIGHER STAKE HILL <\/strong>are commercial and industrial areas of the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, north-west of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1246 as Stakehull <\/em>and with its modern spelling in 1322.\u00a0 It literally means \u2018a hill where a stake is found\u2019, from Old English staca<\/em> + hyll<\/em>.\u00a0 The name is also common in West Yorkshire<\/strong> and it has been suggested that the stake refers to a boundary marker.\u00a0 Stakehill is one of the sites of Atom Valley<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STALYBRIDGE<\/strong> is a town on the River Tame <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, about 13 kilometres east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 It is recorded with its modern spelling in 1687 and simply means \u2018the bridge over the River Tame at Stayley<\/strong>\u2019.\u00a0 The hamlet of Stayley<\/em> is much older, recorded in the early 13th<\/sup> century as Stavelegh<\/em>, meaning \u2018clearing where staves are found or made\u2019, from Old English st\u00e6f<\/em> (\u2018staff, stave\u2019) + l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STAMFORD PARK<\/strong> is a 26-hectare public park on the borders of Stalybridge<\/strong> and Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The land on which it stands was acquired in 1688 by the Earl of Stamford<\/em>.\u00a0 In 1872 local mill workers purchased some of the estate and the Earl of Stamford also donated some land.\u00a0 The park was opened to the public on 12 July 1873, retaining the earl\u2019s title of Stamford<\/em>, which originally came from the town in Leicestershire meaning \u2019stone (Old English st\u0101n<\/em>) ford\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STAND <\/strong>is a residential area of Whitefield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but comes from the old English stand<\/em>, meaning \u2018a stand, a place from which to observe game\u2019.\u00a0 This refers to Stand\u2019s position overlooking Pilkington<\/strong> Deer Park (now Philips Park<\/strong>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STANDEDGE <\/strong>is a gritstone escarpment in the Pennines<\/strong> between West Yorkshire<\/strong> and the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 There has been a moorland crossing at Standedge since Roman times but it presented a major barrier to modern forms of communication.\u00a0 The Huddersfield Narrow Canal opened a tunnel under Standedge in 1811 which is still the highest and longest canal tunnel in Britain.\u00a0 The London & North Western Railway built three tunnels through Standedge in 1848, 1871 and 1894 to connect Manchester with Huddersfield.\u00a0 The name derives from the Old English st<\/em>\u0101n <\/em>+ ecg<\/em>, meaning \u2018stony edge\u2019, accurately describing Standedge as a \u2018stony escarpment\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STANDISH <\/strong>is a village on the River Douglas<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, north-west of the town centre, that was part of Lancashire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1178 as Stanesdis<\/em>, from the Old English st\u0101n<\/em> (\u2018stone\u2019) + edisc<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019), so the meaning would be \u2018stony enclosure\u2019, probably for keeping cattle or, more likely, deer.\u00a0 See also<\/em> LANGTREE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STANLEY GREEN <\/strong>is a trading estate in Cheadle <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as early as 1831 and is taken from the Stanley<\/em> family of nearby Handforth in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 <\/strong>Stanley<\/em> as a forename or family name is ultimately derived from the Old English place name St\u0101n-l\u0113ah<\/em>, meaning \u2018stony wood or clearing where stone is found\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STANNEY BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong> which rises in Burnedge<\/strong> and flows north through Milnrow <\/strong>and Rochdale<\/strong> to join the Roch at Newbold<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1294 as Stonneybeck<\/em>, meaning \u2018stony stream\u2019, from Old English stanig<\/em> + Old Norse bekkr<\/em>.\u00a0 This use of beck<\/em> is almost unique in Greater Manchester<\/strong> and the more common Old English br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em> replaced it during mediaeval times.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STANYCLIFFE <\/strong>is a suburb of Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, north of the town centre on Whit Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century as Stanicliffe<\/em>, meaning \u2018stony river bank\u2019, from Old English st<\/em>\u0101n<\/em> + clif<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STARLING <\/strong>is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>, west of the main town centre.\u00a0 It stands at the junction of an old Roman road from Manchester<\/strong> to the town of Ribchester in Lancashire<\/strong> and the 1836 turnpike from Ainsworth<\/strong> to Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not documented but at the beginning of the 19th<\/sup> century Starling and a row of houses named \u2018Linnet Hall\u2019 stood at the road junction, suggesting that the village was named after the bird \u2013 both starlings<\/em> and linnets are native to this part of north-west England.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STAYLEY <\/strong>is or was the original area from which Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> gets its name.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1272 as Stauley<\/em> and the modern spelling is found in 1560.\u00a0 It means \u2018place where the wood for staves is found\u2019 and it shares its derivation with that of Stalybridge – Old English st\u00e6f<\/em> (\u2018staff, stave\u2019) + l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STEPHENSON\u2019S BRIDGE, Castlefield<\/strong> is the first of several railway bridges in Manchester <\/strong>and Salford<\/strong> built by George Stephenson<\/em> (1781-1848).\u00a0 It was completed in August 1830 to carry the Liverpool & Manchester Railway over the River Irwell <\/strong>into Liverpool Road<\/strong>, the original eastern terminus of the line.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STEPHENSON\u2019S BRIDGE, Victoria Station <\/strong>is one of several railway bridges in Manchester<\/strong> and Salford<\/strong> built by the \u2018Father of Railways\u2019, George Stephenson<\/em> (1781-1848).\u00a0 In 1844 Stephenson engineered the Manchester & Leeds Railway\u2019s route from Victoria Station<\/strong> east to the city of Leeds.\u00a0 The lines into Victoria were carried over Victoria Street on Stephenson\u2019s Bridge, which in 1884 was incorporated into the longest railway platform in Europe, which connected Victoria with the new Exchange Station<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STEPPING HILL<\/strong> was a district south-east of Stockport<\/strong> in the 19th<\/sup> century but in 1901-1905 Stepping Hill hospital was built on the site.\u00a0 It appears as a farm on early maps, extending north-east of its present location.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but seems to mean a hill <\/em>with a set of stepping<\/em> stones or a set of steps.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STEVENSON SQUARE <\/strong>is a pedestrianised public space in central Manchester<\/strong> in what is now the Northern Quarter<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from William Stevenson<\/em>, a property speculator who purchased 10 hectares of land in 1780.\u00a0 His aim was to create an elegant suburb by selling plots to other wealthy developers, who often named streets after themselves.\u00a0 Stevenson Square became a focus for radical politics in the 19th<\/sup> and early 20th<\/sup> centuries, with the Chartists and Suffragettes using it as a meeting place.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STIRRUP BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of Glaze Brook <\/strong>which rises as Ellen Brook <\/strong>near Hollinwood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>and becomes Stirrup Brook in Boothstown<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is little documented and no suggestions for its origin can be found.\u00a0 It may be that it is derived from the Old English for stirrup<\/em> (sti\u0121r\u0101p<\/em>, meaning \u2018climbing rope\u2019) as, for example, is Styrrup in Nottinghamshire, but why this description was thought relevant is not apparent.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STOCK BROOK <\/strong>is a residential area of south-west Chadderton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1776 but the name comes from Stock Brook<\/em>, a tributary of the River Irk<\/strong>, which is almost certainly older.\u00a0 The origin is probably Old English stocc<\/em>, meaning \u2018a tree trunk or stump, a log of wood\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STOCKPORT <\/strong>is a town 13 kilometres south-east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 Until 1974, Stockport was divided between Cheshire<\/strong> and Lancashire<\/strong>, with the River Mersey<\/strong>, which is formed in Stockport, as the dividing line.\u00a0 Since 1974 it has given its name to the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, one of the ten boroughs of Greater Manchester.\u00a0 <\/strong>The name is recorded in 1188 as Stokeport<\/em> and with its modern spelling from about 1274.\u00a0 The meaning is generally said to be \u2018a market place (Old English port<\/em>) at a secondary, dependent or outlying settlement\u2019 (Old English stoc<\/em>).\u00a0 There have, however, been alternative suggestions for both elements:\u00a0 Stock<\/em> may refer to a stockade, from Old English stoccen<\/em>, and the fact that the name was recorded as Stockford<\/em> in 1283 would be consistent with there being a ford<\/em> across the river before the Goyt<\/strong> and Tame<\/strong> combine to form the Mersey, and Stopford<\/em> was in use as the spelling as late as 1610.\u00a0 \u00a0Stockport gives its name to Stockport, New Jersey and Stockport, South Australia.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STOCKPORT BROOK <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> HEMPSHAW BROOK<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STOCKPORT 8 <\/strong>is a commercial and residential regeneration project in west Stockport<\/strong> close to the railway viaduct<\/strong>, the new bus terminal and Weir Mill<\/strong> announced in 2025.\u00a0 It takes its name from its area, which covers eight<\/em> acres.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STOCKPORT ETCHELLS <\/strong>See<\/em> ETCHELLS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STOCKPORT GARRICK THEATRE<\/strong> was established by an amateur dramatic club on 24 October 1901.\u00a0 The club named itself after the great actor, David Garrick<\/em>, who was born in 1719 and died at the Adelphi<\/strong> Theatre in 1779. The club acquired it first playhouse in 1905 and moved to its present theatre in the centre of Stockport <\/strong>in 1920.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STOCKPORT VIADUCT\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>VIADUCT<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STOLLER HALL <\/strong>is a 482-seat concert hall at Chetham\u2019s School of Music (see<\/em> Chetham\u2019s Library<\/strong>) completed in 2017.\u00a0 It is named after its principal benefactor, Sir Norman Stoller<\/em>, who was High Sheriff of Greater Manchester in 1999-2000.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STONE BREAKS <\/strong>is a hamlet north of Grotton <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1625 and therefore pre-dates Stone Breaks quarry, which dates from the 17th<\/sup> or 18th<\/sup> centuries.\u00a0 The hamlet lies in the Medlock<\/strong> Valley east of the 260-metre Stone Breaks Hill and probably derives from Old English st<\/em>\u0101n<\/em> (\u2018stone\u2019) + Old Norse brekka<\/em> (\u2018slope\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STONECLOUGH <\/strong>is a suburban district of Kearsley<\/strong> on the banks of the River Irwell<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is derived from Old English st\u0101n<\/em>, meaning \u2018stony\u2019, and cl\u014dh<\/em>, meaning \u2018deep valley\u2019, referring to the red sandstone found along the Irwell at this point.\u00a0 <\/strong>The Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway built a station at Stoneclough Bridge and the choice of this name standardised the name Stoneclough<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STONEYFIELD <\/strong>is a residential area south of Rochdale<\/strong> town centre north of Sudden<\/strong> Brook.\u00a0 The name appears on tithe and Ordnance Survey maps of the 1840s but suggests a much older Anglo-Saxon field or farm derived from the Old English st<\/em>\u0101n<\/em> + feld<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STORE STREET STATION <\/strong>was the name of Manchester<\/strong>\u2019s principal railway terminus that is now Piccadilly<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built by the Manchester & Birmingham and Sheffield Ashton-under-Lyne & Manchester railways and opened on 8 May 1842.\u00a0 It took its name from its main entrance on Store Street<\/em>, a thoroughfare that had been laid out in about 1805, when Shooters Brook<\/strong> was culverted beneath it.\u00a0 It was named Store Street because Manchester\u2019s main grain store<\/em> was located here, close to the Ashton<\/strong> Canal, which had been completed in 1797, and to the corn mills situated to the east on Mill Street.\u00a0 The station was rebuilt and renamed London Road<\/strong> in 1847 and, following electrification and modernisation, it was renamed Piccadilly in 1960.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STRANGEWAYS<\/strong>\u00a0is an inner-city district of Manchester <\/strong>with a well-known prison, which was built in 1868 to replace the New Bailey<\/strong> jail.\u00a0 It lies on a strip of land between the rivers Irwell<\/strong> and Irk<\/strong>, and as such means \u2018place subject to strong flooding\u2019.\u00a0\u00a0 The name is recorded in in 1322 as Strangwas<\/em> and is derived from the Old English strang<\/em>, \u2018strong\u2019, and waesce<\/em>, meaning ‘flooding’, but the spelling was changed as early as 1326 by those trying to find meaning in its name. \u00a0\u00a0However, the name is recorded as the family name of John de Strangeways as early as 1304.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STRAWBERRY ISLAND \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0See<\/em> POMONA ISLAND<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STREET BRIDGE<\/strong> is a location north of Chadderton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears on the Ordnance Survey map of 1851 but both elements of the name refer to earlier infrastructure.\u00a0 The Street<\/em> is the Roman road from Manchester<\/strong> to Castleshaw<\/strong> via Hollinwood<\/strong> and Oldham<\/strong> which is still referred to locally as \u2018the Roman Road\u2019.\u00a0 The Bridge<\/em> is the one carrying the road over the Hollinwood<\/strong> branch of the Ashton<\/strong> Canal, which was built in 1792-97.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STREET END <\/strong>is a residential area of Failsworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1620 and refers to the end<\/em> or junction of a road with a stree<\/em>t, i.e. a Roman Road (which is still labelled on modern maps), specifically the Roman road from Manchester<\/strong> to Castleshaw<\/strong> via Hollinwood<\/strong> and Oldham.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STRETFORD <\/strong>is a township in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 The town lies on the Roman road from Chester to Manchester<\/strong> where it crosses the River Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1212 as Streetford<\/em> and means the same as Stratford<\/em> \u2013 \u2018a ford<\/em> on a strat<\/em> or str<\/em>\u01e3t\u2019<\/em>, with str<\/em>\u01e3t<\/em> referring in particular to a Roman road.\u00a0 Nearby is Stretford Ees, derived from the Old English \u0113g<\/em>, meaning \u2018island\u2019, often a piece of firm land in an area liable to flooding by the Mersey.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STRINE DALE <\/strong>and STRINESDALE RESERVOIR<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0Strine Dale is a village and location north-east of Oldham <\/strong>and Strinesdale was the name given to two reservoirs built in the 19th<\/sup> century \u2013 the first in 1828 and the second in 1838.\u00a0 Dale <\/em>refers to the valley of the River Medlock<\/strong> and Roebuck Brook<\/strong>, which feed the reservoirs.\u00a0 Strine<\/em> is often said to come from an Old English word meaning \u2018boundary\u2019 as the former boundary between Lancashire<\/strong> and Yorkshire ran along the valley, but this meaning cannot be confirmed from other sources and the usual meaning of strine<\/em> or strind<\/em> – \u2018stream, waterway\u2019- would seem to be applicable.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STRINES<\/strong>\u00a0is a village in the Goyt <\/strong>valley in Marple<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, formerly in Derbyshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 A station was opened in 1866 by the Marple, New Mills & Hayfield Junction Railway and the village and its railway are believed to have inspired Edith Nesbit\u2019s 1906 novel, The Railway Children<\/em>.\u00a0 The village name is recorded as Stryndes<\/em>,\u00a0Strindes<\/em>\u00a0and\u00a0Strendes<\/em>\u00a0in the late 13th<\/sup> century and is said to be derived from the Middle English\u00a0strinds <\/em>meaning ‘streams\u2019, from the tributaries of the Goyt above the village.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STROMFORD BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong> that rises north of Ashton upon Mersey<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> and flows south-west to join the Mersey south-west of Urmston<\/strong>.\u00a0 The origin is uncertain but Stromford is thought to mean \u2018ford across a stream\u2019, from Old Norse straumr<\/em>.\u00a0 If correct this derivation would be the only example of the Old Norse for a \u2018stream\u2019 in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The addition of brook<\/em> is reduplication as the meaning would be \u2018the stream of a ford across a stream\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STUBLEY<\/strong> is a residential area west of Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1330, when Nicholas John de Stubley<\/em> sold Stubley<\/em> Hall to John de Holt, and it is said that the hall was originally built in 1277.\u00a0 The hall was sold to Rochdale Council in 1930 and it seems that much was demolished in 1967, although parts survive, along with Stubley New Hall, which was built in about 1830.\u00a0 The name comes from Old English stubb<\/em>, meaning \u2018tree stump\u2019, + l\u0113ah<\/em> (woodland clearing).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STUBSHAW CROSS <\/strong>is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> north-east of Ashton-in-Makerfield<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name \u2018Stubshaw\u2019 means \u2018the copse with or beside tree stumps\u2019, and is a hybrid from the Old Norse stubbi<\/em> (\u2018tree-stump\u2019) + Old English sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse\u2019).\u00a0 A cross was erected there in 1630, giving rise to the modern name, but the \u2018Stubshaw\u2019 settlement and name pre-dated the cross.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SUDDEN<\/strong> is a hamlet south-west of Rochdale<\/strong> on the south bank of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century as both Sothden<\/em> and Sudden<\/em>, meaning \u2018southern valley\u2019, from the Old English s\u016bth <\/em>(\u2018south\u2019) + denu<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019).\u00a0 The valley is that of Sudden Brook, which joins the Roch at Sudden.\u00a0 Sudden lies opposite Norden<\/strong>, which lies on the north bank of the Roch.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SUMMER HILL BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises east of Old Tame<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows south-west to join the Tame north of Slackcote<\/strong>.\u00a0 The origin and date of the name are uncertain:\u00a0 \u00a0it may simply to be an agreeable name but, more likely, it means \u2018a hill used for grazing livestock in summer\u2019, from Old English somer<\/em> (‘summer’) + hyll<\/em> (‘hill’).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SUMMERSEAT<\/strong> is a village in the Borough of Bury<\/strong> on the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was part of Lancashire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1556 as Sumersett<\/em> and is derived from the Old English sumor<\/em> or Old Norse sumarr<\/em>, meaning \u2018summer\u2019, + set <\/em>or s\u00e6t<\/em>, \u2018a hut used while looking after animals\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SUMMIT, Heywood, <\/strong>is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the Summit Inn<\/em>, which was originally on the Rochdale to Edenfield toll road that was built in 1795.\u00a0 When the Bury<\/strong> New Road was opened in the mid-19th<\/sup> century, it was moved brick by brick to its current location on the north-western edge of Heywood.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SUMMIT, Littleborough<\/strong>, is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>. It is on the border with West Yorkshire<\/strong> and was in the county of Lancashire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 Its name refers to its position as the highest point between Littleborough<\/strong> and Todmorden in Yorkshire, and the crossing point for both the Rochdale Canal (opened in 1804) and the Manchester & Leeds Railway, whose Summit Tunnel was completed in 1841.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1804 and the area was known as \u2018Charlestown\u2019 until late into the 19th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SUMMIT, Thornham, <\/strong>is a residential area north of Royton <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from its position at or near the summit<\/em> of the main road between Oldham and Rochdale<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SUN HILL <\/strong>is a residential area north of Lees<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1742 and may have originally been a hill where cattle or sheep were grazed in the summer.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SWINESHAW<\/strong> is an area north of Glossop in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> in what was Derbyshire<\/strong> before 1974.\u00a0\u00a0 The name is taken from Swineshaw<\/em> Brook, a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong>, and was recorded in 1831.\u00a0 Swineshaw gives its name to the Lower and Higher Swineshaw Reservoirs, which were built to supply drinking water to Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> and Stalybridge<\/strong> in 1864-70, employing mill workers put out of work by the \u2018cotton famine<\/strong>\u2019 caused by the American Civil War.\u00a0 Swineshaw probably means \u2018swine wood\u2019 and is derived from two Old English elements: \u00a0sw\u012bn<\/em> + sceaga<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SWINLEY <\/strong>is a residential area of Wigan<\/strong>, north of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1283 as Swyneley<\/em>, meaning \u2018clearing where pigs are found or kept\u2019, from the Old English swin<\/em> (\u2018swine, pig\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018woodland clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SWINTON <\/strong>is a town in Salford<\/strong> that was in Lancashire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 It was first documented as Suinton<\/em> in 1258.\u00a0 The name consists of two Old English elements:\u00a0 sw\u012bn<\/em> + t\u016bn<\/em>, meaning \u2018pig farm\u2019 or \u2018place where pigs are fed\u2019.\u00a0 This is one of the many references to animals in the place names of Greater Manchester<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SYKE<\/strong> is a village on the northern outskirts of Rochdale<\/strong>, also known as Nook Farm<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1843 as Syke<\/em>, from the Old English and regional English s\u012bc<\/em>, meaning \u2018small stream\u2019.\u00a0 There are several streams running off the moors above Syke, including Syke Brook, Fanny Brook, Buckley<\/strong> Brook and Hey Brook<\/strong>, all tributaries of the River Roch<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SYKES PILLAR <\/strong>was originally erected in 1948 as an Ordnance Survey mapping trig point on Broadstone<\/strong> Hill in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It has been named to commemorate Frank Sykes <\/em>(1943-99), a local walker and fell-runner.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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T<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TACK LEE BROOK <\/strong>is a short tributary of the River Roch<\/strong> which rises south of Birtle<\/strong> and flows south-east to join the Roch north of Bottom o\u2019 th\u2019 Brow<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name, its origin and meaning are little documented but it is suggested that it might mean \u2018clearing where lambs are kept\u2019 from Old English tacca <\/em>(\u2018young sheep\u2019) + l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018woodland clearing\u2019).\u00a0 Coincidentally, there is a Tack Lee Bridge in Yapton, near the Sussex Downs, formerly an area well-known for raising sheep.\u00a0 The Sussex Bridge was built in 1823 across the Portsmouth to Arundel Canal.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TALLEYRAND <\/strong>was an area in east Levenshulme<\/strong> south-east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre which was named after the infamous French diplomat, Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand<\/em>-P\u00e9rigord (1754-1838), who is reported to have stayed in the area during a period of exile in Britain, either in 1792-1794 or 1834-1838 (sources differ).\u00a0 The name does not appear on modern maps but is recalled in the Talleyrand pub on the Stockport <\/strong>Road.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River TAME<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong> that rises on Denshaw<\/strong> Moor on Saddleworth <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> where the waters flowing out of Dowry <\/strong>and New Year\u2019s Bridge <\/strong>reservoirs form the Tame.\u00a0 It then flows south-west to join the River Goyt<\/strong> to form the Mersey in Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears as Tome<\/em> in 1292 and Tame<\/em> in 1322, but its origin is unclear.\u00a0 It seems likely that it is Celtic in origin \u2013 there are rivers with similar names across Britain, including the Thames, Taff, Tamar and Thame.\u00a0 The name may simply mean \u2018river\u2019, but it has also been suggested that it could mean \u2018dark river\u2019 or \u2018dark one\u2019.\u00a0 The river gives its name to the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TAMER LANE END <\/strong>is a small residential area west of Westleigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears on the Ordnance Survey map of 1892 but is probably much older.\u00a0 Like many of the \u2018lane end\u2019 places in Greater Manchester<\/strong>, it lies at road junction at the end<\/em> of a lane<\/em> \u2013 in this case Smith\u2019s Lane.\u00a0 The origin seems to be undocumented and there have been several suggestions, including the central-Asian war lord Tamerlane<\/em> (Christopher Marlowe\u2019s \u2018Tamburlaine the Great\u2019) and the Biblical Tamar<\/em>, the daughter of King David (2 Samuel 13).\u00a0 The most convincing is that there was a smithy at the end of Smith\u2019s Lane and, as the name is pronounced \u2018t\u2019ammer\u2019 or \u2018Tammer\u2019, it is likely that it is a reduced form of \u2018the hammer\u2019<\/em>, the tool of a smithy.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TAMESIDE <\/strong>is one of the ten metropolitan boroughs of Greater Manchester<\/strong>, which was formed in 1974 from Dukinfield<\/strong>, Hyde<\/strong> and Longdendale<\/strong> in Cheshire<\/strong> and Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong>, Mossley<\/strong>, Audenshaw<\/strong>, Denton <\/strong>and Droylsden<\/strong> in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The borough takes its name from the River Tame<\/strong>, which crosses the borough from north to south.\u00a0 The name was chosen in 1974 after a consultation exercise and a vote on 30 possibilities.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TAME WATER <\/strong>is a village south of Dobcross<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1723 and the meaning is quite literal:\u00a0 the settlement beside the waters<\/em> of the River Tame<\/em><\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TAMYON BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises east of Mossley<\/strong> and flows south-west to join Micklehurst<\/strong> Brook, which then meets the Tame north of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The origin of the name is unclear, but it has been suggested that it could have been a rationalisation of Tameden or Tameton from Tame<\/em> (i.e. the River Tame) + Old English denu<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019) or tun<\/em> (\u2018enclosure, farm, village\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TANDLE HILL <\/strong>and TANDLE HILL COUNTRY PARK\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>Tandle Hill is a 222-metre hill near Royton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Its name means \u2018fire hill\u2019 from the northern dialect tandle<\/em>, \u2018a large fire in the open air, a bonfire\u2019.\u00a0 The name dates from 9 September 1513 when the hill was used as a beacon during the Battle of Flodden Field.\u00a0 The surrounding area was donated to the people of Royton in 1919 as a war memorial and it was opened as Tandle Hill Country Park in 1971.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TANG <\/strong>and TANGSHUTT <\/strong>are adjacent areas of Romiley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The names are recorded in 1849 and both refer to the land extending south into a meander of the River Goyt<\/strong> \u2013 Tang comes from the Old English tang<\/em>, meaning \u2018tongue\u2019, and Shutt is from Old English sc<\/em>\u0113at<\/em>, also meaning \u2018projecting piece of land\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TANNERS <\/strong>is a residential area of Ramsbottom<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1702, when the hamlet of Tanners surrounded the tanner\u2019s<\/em> yard on Tanners Street.\u00a0\u00a0 The name is one of a small group of occupational names in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TARDEN <\/strong>is a rural area east of Marple<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, which was part of Derbyshire <\/strong>until 1974. \u00a0\u00a0It is recorded in 1285 as Toardin<\/em> and with its modern spelling in 1545, but the meaning and etymology are unclear.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TAUNTON <\/strong>is a town north of Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1246 as Tongton<\/strong> but the modern spelling is found from 1422.\u00a0 The name is derived from the Old English tang<\/em> (\u2018fork of a river\u2019) + t\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018enclosure, village\u2019), describing Taunton\u2019s position on a long tongue of land where Taunton Brook meets the River Medlock<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TENTERSFIELD <\/strong>is an urban area in western Bury<\/strong> to the east of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1813 when the New Tentersfield Methodist Church was built, but the settlement, and perhaps the name, date to mediaeval times.\u00a0 The name means \u2018a field<\/em> where tenter<\/em> frames were set out to stretch and bleach newly-milled fabric\u2019, from the Middle English tentour <\/em>+ feld.\u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
THATCH LEACH <\/strong>is a village on the western edge of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded from the 13th<\/sup> century and the meaning may be quite literal:\u00a0 a place where straw for thatch<\/em> is soaked or leached<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
THICKETFORD BROW <\/strong>is a suburb of Bolton<\/strong>, north-east of the town centre on Bradshaw<\/strong> Brook.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 18th<\/sup> century as Th\u2019 igh gate ford <\/em>meaning \u2018ford over the high road\u2019 (to Ramsbottom, presumably), from Old English h<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018high, chief\u2019) + Old Norse gata<\/em> (\u2018road\u2019).\u00a0 The name was rationalised to \u2018Thicketford\u2019 by the end of the 19th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
THOMASSON PARK <\/strong>is a 2-hectare public park in Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened on 23 October 1890 and named after John Pennington Thomasson <\/em>(1841-1904), a cotton industrialist, who purchased Mere Hall and its estate in 1889 and donated it to the people of Bolton \u2018as a playground and garden\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
THORNHAM<\/strong> is a residential area divided between the Metropolitan Boroughs of Oldham<\/strong> and Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1246 as Thornham<\/em>, meaning \u2018homestead or village where hawthorns grow\u2019 from Old English thorn<\/em> + h\u0101m<\/em> (\u2018village, homestead\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
THORN HILL <\/strong>is a residential area south-east of Standish<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> above the west bank of the River Douglas<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears on 19th<\/sup>-century Ordnance Survey maps and literally means \u2018hill with thorn bushes\u2019, from the Old English thorn<\/em> + hyll<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
THORNLEY BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Medlock<\/strong> which rises west of Grotton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham.<\/strong>\u00a0 It then flows south-west through Springhead<\/strong> and Lees<\/strong>, before joining the Medlock in Pitses<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1662 as Thorneley<\/em>, meaning \u2018thorny place\u2019, from Old English thorn<\/em> + l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
THORNS BROOK <\/strong>and THORNS BECK <\/strong>together form a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises as Thorns Beck east of Bleak Hey Brook<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows south-west through Thorns Clough to Join Diggle Brook in Diggle<\/strong>.\u00a0 Diggle Brook then continues south to meet the Tame south-east of Dobcross<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but may come from the Thorns<\/em>, probably a farm, which is recorded in 1726.\u00a0 The thorn<\/em> element is probably literal and suggests a stream flowing through an area with thorn bushes.\u00a0 The use of beck<\/em> (Old English bece<\/em>) is an almost unique survivor in Greater Manchester as the more common br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em> mostly replaced it during mediaeval times.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
THORP <\/strong>is a suburb of Oldham<\/strong>, north of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1260 with its modern spelling and means \u2018village\u2019, from the Old Norse thorp.<\/em>\u00a0 Thorp Mill, built in 1764, was the first water-powered cotton mill in Lancashire<\/strong>, using water from Thorp Clough, a tributary of the River Irk<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The THREE SISTERS RECREATION AREA <\/strong>is a 44-hectare nature reserve in Bryn<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name comes from three spoil heaps from the Garswood Hall coal mine, which was originally built in 1867 or earlier.\u00a0 By the time the mine closed in 1958 the heaps were over 50 metres high and were known as the \u2018Wigan Alps\u2019 or the \u2018Three Sisters<\/em>\u2019. The heaps were levelled and the area was converted into a recreation area and wildlife reserve, opened to the public in 1978.\u00a0 The Three Sisters Recreation Area forms a gateway to the Wigan<\/strong> Flashes Nature Reserve<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
THROSTLE NEST BRIDGE <\/strong>today is a small footbridge across the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong> in Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 There was an older Throstle Nest Bridge over the River Irwell <\/strong>that was demolished when the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> was built in 1887-1893.\u00a0 Both took their names from an area of Trafford Park<\/strong> estate which was recorded as a \u2018rural retreat\u2019 in the 1760s, but the name was also given to Throstle\u2019s Nest Lock in Old Trafford<\/strong> – the last lock on the Mersey & Irwell Navigation<\/strong>, which was built in the 1720s.\u00a0 The name comes from the Old English throstle<\/em>, meaning \u2018song thrush\u2019.\u00a0 The name was also applied to deer\u2019s antlers, which were large enough to hold a thrush nest, but, although Trafford Park did have deer, this definition is recorded only from 1785 and so is unlikely to be the meaning here.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
THURSTON CLOUGH <\/strong>and THURSTON CLOUGH BROOK\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>Thurston Clough is a hamlet east of Dobcross<\/strong> in Saddleworth <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The brook rises on the moors south-west of Delph<\/strong>, flows east through the clough<\/em> (Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>, \u2018deep valley, ravine\u2019) and joins the River Tame<\/strong> near Greenfield<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded with various spellings in the 18th<\/sup> century and is thought to be an eponym meaning \u2018Thurston\u2019s land\u2019, referring to an Old Norse name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River TIB<\/strong> is a long-culverted tributary of the River Medlock<\/strong> that rises at a spring called Coopers Pit in Miles Platting<\/strong> and flows for a few kilometres before joining the Medlock at Gaythorn<\/strong> near Deansgate <\/strong>station.\u00a0 A recent but unlikely suggestion is that the name was given by Roman legionnaires to remind them of the River Tiber<\/em> in Rome, but shortened to reflect the size of the Tib in Manchester.\u00a0 An alternative suggestion is that it comes from the Celtic dubr<\/em>, meaning \u2018water\u2019 which, coincidentally, is also cited as the origin of the Tiber in Italy.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TIGER\u2019S CLOUGH WATERFALL <\/strong>is a small waterfall in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong> near the village of Rivington in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Clough<\/em> comes from the Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>, meaning \u2018ravine, deep valley\u2019, and refers to the valley of the River Douglas<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is thought to take its name from an illicit 19th<\/sup>-century drinking place known as The Tigers<\/em>, which had a sign outside depicting two tigers\u2019 heads.\u00a0 The drinking establishment has long gone but its name lives on.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TIMBERCLIFFE <\/strong>is a small residential area near Summit<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the 1920s, when houses were built for local mill workers.\u00a0 The meaning would seem to be quite literal \u2013 \u2018wood-covered slope\u2019, from Old English timber<\/em> + clif<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TIMPERLEY<\/strong> is a suburb in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>, but formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1211-1225 as Timperleie<\/em>, meaning \u2018clearing where timber is obtained\u2019, from the Old English timber<\/em> + l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018glade, clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TIN BROOK <\/strong>is a culverted tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong> that joins the Mersey under Mersey Square<\/strong> in Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1759 but there is disagreement about its course, variant names and derivation.\u00a0 Different sources state that it rises in Woodsmoor<\/strong>, Great Moor<\/strong>, Heavily<\/strong> or Hazel Grove<\/strong>, and that it may or may not be part of Hempshaw Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name may be derived from Old English tyned<\/em>, meaning \u2018enclosed\u2019, or it may be more literal, taking its name from the tin works that were once located along its banks or the waste products from these works.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TINKER\u2019S GARDENS\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>VAUXHALL GARDENS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TIVIOT DALE<\/strong> is a retail and residential area in Stockport<\/strong>, although the name seems to be falling into disuse.\u00a0 The name is said to have been given to the area in 1745, when Prince Charles Stuart (\u2018Bonny Prince Charlie\u2019) camped in northern Stockport.\u00a0 His Jacobites derived the name from Teviotdale<\/em> in Roxburghshire in their native Scotland.\u00a0 This is derived from Scottish Gaelic Tibhiot,<\/em> a name which simply means \u2018river\u2019, but it has also been suggested that it could mean \u2018dark river\u2019 or \u2018dark one\u2019.\u00a0 The name may be related to other ancient river names, including the Tame<\/strong>, Tamar and the Thames.\u00a0 The Scottish spelling was maintained in Teviot Dale, the original name of the station opened by the Stockport Timperley & Altrincham Railway on 1 December 1865, but the spelling was changed to Tiviot Dale in about 1874.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOMMYFIELD MARKET <\/strong>is an indoor market in the centre of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was established in 1788 in fields<\/em> owned by Thomas (\u2018Tommy<\/em>\u2019) Whittaker.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TONGE<\/strong> is an area to the west (Tonge Moor) and south (Tonge Fold) of Bolton<\/strong>, both on the River Tonge, which is a tributary of the Croal <\/strong>and the Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1212 as Tange<\/em>, but the modern spelling is found by 1226.\u00a0 Tonge<\/em> means \u2018tongue of land\u2019 or \u2018fork in the river\u2019, from the Old English tang<\/em> or tunge<\/em>, describing Tonge\u2019s position between the River Tonge to the west and Bradshaw<\/strong> Brook to the east, just before their confluence.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TONTINE\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>There are several streets and buildings in Greater Manchester <\/strong>and across England named Tontine<\/strong>, but this village west of Orrell<\/strong> on the border between Lancashire<\/strong> and the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> seems to be the only settlement with the name.\u00a0 The name of the village is recorded in 1870 but it could be older as the word was in use in Britain from as early as 1765.\u00a0 It is derived from Lorenzo Tonti <\/em>(c.1602-c.1684), a Neapolitan banker who devised the form of insurance scheme or friendly society that is named after him.\u00a0 Tontines were fairly common in 19th-<\/sup>century Britain among immigrant communities, but it has not been possible to discover the origin of the name for the village of Tontine.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOP LOCK <\/strong>is a residential area beside the Leeds & Liverpool Canal in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It stands at the top<\/em> of a flight of 23 locks<\/em> which raise the canal by 56 metres in about 4 kilometres.\u00a0 The locks were opened in 1816.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOP MOSSLEY\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> BROOK BOTTOM <\/strong>or BROOKBOTTOM <\/strong>and MOSSLEY<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOP OF HEAP <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> HEAP BRIDGE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOP OF HEBERS\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> HEBERS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOPPINGS <\/strong>is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1843 and is a dialect word meaning \u2018hill top\u2019 from the Old English topp <\/em>(\u2018the top of a hill, etc\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TORKINGTON<\/strong> is a district in the Borough of Stockport<\/strong> that was formerly part of Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name was recorded in 1181 as Torkinton<\/em> and with its modern spelling in 1249.\u00a0 It consists of three Old English elements:\u00a0 Turec<\/em>, a personal name, -ing-<\/em>, \u2018belonging to\u2019 or \u2018the followers of\u2019, and t\u016bn<\/em>, \u2018settlement or farmstead\u2019, so that together the name would mean \u2018the village of Turec\u2019s people\u2019.\u00a0 Nothing is known of anyone called Turec and it is not recognised to be an English name, but, coincidentally, in 1560 a Richard Bullock leased some land from a John Torkington to set up a smithy nearby in what became Bullock\u2019s Smithy<\/strong>, now Hazel Grove<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOTTINGTON<\/strong><\/a> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1212 as Totinton<\/em>, and is usually said to mean \u2018the village of Totta\u2019.\u00a0 Totta<\/em> was a common Anglo-Saxon personal name, -ing<\/em>– means \u2018belonging to, associated with\u2019 and t\u016bn <\/em>means \u2018enclosure, village\u2019.\u00a0 However, the village is on a 272-metre hill and so the name could derive from Old English t\u014dt<\/em>, meaning \u2018hill-top look-out\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOUGHSHEET COMMUNITY STADIUM <\/strong>is a mixed-use sports stadium in Bolton<\/strong> and home to Bolton Wanderers football club.\u00a0 The club moved from Burnden<\/strong> when the new stadium was built in 1997.\u00a0 It was originally named the Reebok<\/strong> stadium by its American footwear sponsor, whose name is taken from the Afrikaans rhebok <\/em>antelope.\u00a0 Since 2024 it has been known as the Toughsheet <\/em>Community Stadium after the local manufacturer of recycled plastic building materials.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOWN HOUSE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises in Clough <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale <\/strong>and flows south east to meet the Roch near Littleborough<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is clearly named after a place or building known as \u2018Town House\u2019 and this seems to refer to a farm shown on 19th<\/sup>-century maps.\u00a0 The name probably means the main house<\/em> of a farmstead, which is one of the meanings derived from Old English t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOWN LANE <\/strong>is a small residential area south of Blackmoor<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name does not seem to have been documented until the end of the 19th century but it probably simply indicates its position on a lane<\/em> to a local town<\/em>, probably Tyldesley <\/strong>or Leigh.\u00a0 <\/strong>It is possible that Town Lane lends its name to nearby Town Brook, a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOWN OF LOWTON <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> LOWTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOWNSGATE <\/strong>is a residential area beside the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented and does not appear on 19th<\/sup>-century maps or the 1894 Ship Canal map of the area.\u00a0 The name seems to be taken from Towngate Farm<\/em> and may be derived from an older but unrecorded name meaning \u2018the road (Old Norse gata<\/em>) to the town<\/em>\u2019, presumably referring to Irlam<\/strong> as Irlam Road cuts through Towns Gate.\u00a0 The name and meaning contrast with Land Gate<\/strong>, meaning \u2018the road to the rural or agricultural land\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TRAFALGAR SQUARE <\/strong>is a residential area around a small green in the Guide Bridge<\/strong> area of Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area itself dates from around the 1840s but the buildings of Trafalgar Square were built in 1881.\u00a0 The square is named after the British naval victory at the Battle of Trafalgar<\/em> in 1805.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TRAFFORD <\/strong>is a district in Stretford<\/strong> that gives its name not only to Old Trafford<\/strong>, Trafford Centre retail outlet and Trafford Park<\/strong> industrial area but also to the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford that was created in 1974. The name is first recorded in about 1200 as Trafford<\/em>, and is a corruption of Stratford <\/em>or Stretford<\/em>, meaning \u2018the ford (across the river Mersey<\/strong>) on the Roman road (str\u00e6t<\/em>) between Manchester<\/strong> and Chester\u2019.\u00a0 The loss of the initial S- is said to be a feature of Anglo-Norman but may also be a way of distinguishing Trafford from neighbouring Stretford.<\/strong>\u00a0 In 1974 Trafford was chosen for the name of the new borough because of its famous sports venues and the Trafford Park<\/strong> industrial estate, as well as historical associations, but only after various alternative proposals – Altrincham<\/strong> Stretford<\/strong> and Sale<\/strong>, Chesford, Crossford, Watlingford and Mercia <\/strong>\u2013 had been rejected.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TRAFFORD PARK <\/strong>was originally the estate of Trafford<\/em> Hall.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1843 but in 1896 it was sold off and developed as the world\u2019s first industrial park, sited on the south side of the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The TRANS PENNINE TRAIL <\/strong>is a coast-to-coast route for walkers and cyclists, starting in Southport in Lancashire<\/strong>, crossing the Pennines<\/strong> to Hornsea in East Yorkshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The idea originated in 1989 and the full trail was completed and opened in 2004.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The trail is 346 kilometres long, with over 50 kilometres passing through Greater Manchester<\/strong>, including Sale<\/strong>, Chorlton<\/strong>, Didsbury<\/strong>, Stockport <\/strong>and Hyde<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TRINITY BRIDGE <\/strong>is a 78.5-metre footbridge across the River Irwell <\/strong>between Salford<\/strong> and Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was designed by the Spanish architect, Santiago Calatrava and was opened in 1995.\u00a0 It takes its name from the nearby Sacred Trinity<\/em> church, that was built in 1635 as the first parish church in Salford.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The TRINNACLE<\/strong> is a landmark consisting of three pillars of gritstone about 10 metres high on Saddleworth <\/strong>Moor above Dovestone Reservoir<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not listed as a word in the Oxford English Dictionary<\/em> and seems to date from the second half of the 20th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It is a portmanteau word formed from the prefix tri-<\/em> and the second half of pinnacle<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TRUB SMITHY <\/strong>or TRUB <\/strong>is a village south of Castleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 Trub Hall is recorded in the mid to late 17th<\/sup> century and Trub Farm and Trub Brook are also recorded.\u00a0 Thrub<\/em> is thought to derive from Old English throp<\/em> or Old Norse thorp<\/em>, both meaning \u2018outlying settlement\u2019.\u00a0 The name is shared with Trub Brook, a tributary of the River Irk<\/strong>.\u00a0 According to local legend, Oliver Cromwell<\/strong> led his Parliamentarian troops through the area during the Civil War and the owner of Trub Hall provided a smithy to reshoe one of his horses.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TUNSHILL<\/strong> is a hamlet north-east of Milnrow <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1793, when a small Roman statue was uncovered at Tunshill Quarry on Tunshill Farm.\u00a0 The name is probably much older as the family name of Tunshill<\/em> dates back to 1273, and probably means \u2018enclosure by or near a hill\u2019 from Old English t\u016bn <\/em>+ hyll.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TUNSTEAD <\/strong>is a hamlet in the Saddleworth<\/strong> area of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are several places with this name in England, all meaning \u2018farmstead place\u2019, from the Old English t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018farmstead, village\u2019) + stede <\/em>(\u2018place\u2019).\u00a0 This Tunstead is recorded in 1399 as Tunstede<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TURF HILL <\/strong>is a residential area of Rochdale<\/strong>, south-east of the town centre.\u00a0 A housing estate was built there in the early 1920s but its history is not well documented.\u00a0 The area between Rochdale and Oldham<\/strong> has several places named Turf Lane, referring to the rough grassy hills of this part of Greater Manchester<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TURF LEA <\/strong>is a hamlet south-east of Marple<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The hamlet is thought to have mediaeval origins and the name is recorded in 1770 as Turf Lee<\/em> but an 1831 map gives Tufleys<\/em>.\u00a0 The meaning is literal \u2013 a clearing (Old English l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em>) where the soil grows with grass (Old English turf<\/em>).\u00a0 Turf was used as roofing in mediaeval times.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TURNER\u2019S FLASH <\/strong>is a man-made lake south of Ince-in-Makerfield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> that forms one of the seven subsidence \u2018flashes\u2019 of Wigan Flashes Nature Reserve<\/strong>.\u00a0 Turner\u2019s<\/em> is recorded on the 1849 Ordnance Survey map as a field name, indicating that it was owned by someone named Turner.\u00a0 It has not been possible to identify who this Turner was, although it seems unlikely that there is any connection to the company of Turner Brothers, who manufactured asbestos in Wigan and Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is believed the flash<\/em> was formed by mining subsidence at the turn of the 20th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TURN MOSS <\/strong>is a 39-hectare public area of woods and meadows close to the River Mersey<\/strong> between Stretford<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> and Chorlton<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1612 as \u2018low lying meadows or ees\u2019 (see Broad Ees Dole<\/strong>) and it seems it was originally called Turf Moss, from the Old English turf<\/em> + mos<\/em> (\u2018marsh, swamp\u2019).\u00a0 The name was rationalised to \u2018Turn Moss\u2019 and by 1840 the area had been drained and turned into Turn Moss Farm.\u00a0 Nearby is Turn Moss Ees, derived from the Old English \u0113g<\/em>, meaning \u2018island\u2019, often a piece of firm land in an area liable to flooding by the Mersey.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TURTON<\/strong> is an area between Bolton<\/strong> and Blackburn that is divided between the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong> in Greater Manchester<\/strong> and Blackburn with Darwen in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1185 as Thirtun<\/em> but its modern spelling is found from 1212.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The name is an eponym meaning \u2018Thorr\u2019s or Thori\u2019s farmstead or village\u2019, from the Old Norse personal name Thorr<\/em> + Old English t\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018farm, village\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TWIRL HILL <\/strong>or TWARL HILL <\/strong>is a hill above Lily Lanes<\/strong> and between Alt <\/strong>Hill and Hartshead Green<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside <\/strong>that formed a parish boundary where tithes had to be paid until the 1830s.\u00a0 On the road is a tithe stone which marked the collection point, and the inscription on the stone states that it was inscribed in 1840, indicating that the stone itself was much older.\u00a0 The name comes from the Old English twirl\/twyrl<\/em>, meaning \u2018a fork, split or division\u2019, referring to the boundary line.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TYLDESLEY<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> that is also known as Tyldesley cum Shakerley<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in about 1210 as\u00a0Tildesleia<\/em> and means \u2018Tilwald\u2019s clearing\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Tilwald + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018wood, clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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UNDERBANKS <\/strong>is a district in central Stockport<\/strong> surrounding the mediaeval streets known as Great and Little Underbank<\/em>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1497, when Underbank Hall was built.\u00a0 The name derives from the position of the area \u2013 Stockport is built on a hill and Underbank<\/em> describes the area beneath the bank<\/em>, an Old Norse word that originally meant \u2018steep hill\u2019, close to the River Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0 This hill can be clearly seen at Crowther Street<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
UNITY BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong> which rises near Moses Gate<\/strong>\/Kearsley <\/strong>Moss and then flows south to meet the Irwell near Ringley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name appears on early Ordnance Survey maps of the 1840s and pre-dates the opening of the Unity Brook Colliery in the late 1860s or early 1870s.\u00a0 The origin and meaning are not recorded, but it is probable that the name reflects the stream\u2019s topography as it is formed where several tributaries meet and unite<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
UNSWORTH<\/strong> is a residential area of Bury<\/strong>, about 11 kilometres north of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1291 as Hundesworth<\/em> and means \u2018enclosure or place of the hounds\u2019 from the Old English hundes<\/em> + worth<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
UPPER CHELBURN \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0See<\/em> CHELBURN<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
UPPERMILL<\/strong> is a village on the River Tame<\/strong> in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, although historically part of the West Riding of<\/strong> Yorkshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1730 as Upper Mill<\/em>, which coincides with the beginnings of the industrial revolution and the construction of two mills in the area \u2013 a lower and an upper mill<\/em>.\u00a0 The upper mill was originally a corn mill but was converted for scribbling wool around 1780.\u00a0 It continued in use until the 1930s, when it was demolished.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
URMSTON<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1194 as Wermeston<\/em>, although Urmeston<\/em> is found by 1212.\u00a0 It has been suggested that the name is an eponym from the Viking personal name Urm<\/em> \u00a0+ Old English t\u016bn<\/em>, but it is now thought that it is from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Wyrm<\/em> or Orme<\/em>. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Nearby and close to the River Mersey<\/strong> are Urmston Meadows (Old English m<\/em>\u01e3d<\/em>) and Urmston Ees (Old English \u0113g<\/em>, meaning \u2018island\u2019, often a piece of firm land in an area liable to flooding).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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VAUXHALL GARDENS <\/strong>were originally a 9-hectare pleasure garden in Collyhurst<\/strong> on the banks of the River Irk<\/strong> in the City of Manchester.<\/strong>\u00a0 They were created in the 1790s by Robert Tinker (c.1766-1836), the owner of a local coffee house and tea gardens.\u00a0 They were initially known as the Elysian Gardens after Elysium, the afterlife in Greek mythology, although popularly known as \u2018Tinker\u2019s Gardens\u2019.\u00a0 In 1814 he changed the name to Vauxhall Gardens after London’s Vauxhall Pleasure Gardens<\/em>, and under this name they continued in use until about 1852.\u00a0 They then fell into disrepair, and the land was used for sand quarrying.\u00a0 In the 1970s the land was set aside as a public recreational space and renamed Vauxhall Pleasure Gardens in 2012.\u00a0 Vauxhall in London is recorded as Faukeshale<\/em> in 1279 and takes its name Faukes<\/em> de Br\u00e9aut\u00e9, who built a house there in the early 13th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name was adopted for pleasure gardens in Birmingham, New York and St Petersburg, as well as Manchester.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VELODROME<\/strong> in Clayton<\/strong>, about 5 kilometres east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre, was opened in 1994 as the National Cycling Centre with an Olympic-standard indoor racing track for training and competitions.\u00a0 The name comes from the French\u00a0v\u00e9lodrome<\/em>, from\u00a0v\u00e9lo<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018bicycle\u2019) +\u00a0-drome<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a place for running or racing\u2019) and first appeared in English in 1902.\u00a0 Metrolink opened the Velopark tram stop on 11 February 2013.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VERNON PARK <\/strong>is a 6-hectare country park in Stockport<\/strong>, east of the town centre.\u00a0 It was opened on 20 September 1858 on land donated to Stockport Corporation in 1842 by George John Warren, Lord Vernon<\/em> (1803-66), and named after him.\u00a0 It was sometimes known as \u201cPinch Belly Park\u201d or \u201cthe People\u2019s Park\u201d because of the poverty among local mill workers.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VIADUCT PARK<\/strong> is a 0.8-hectare rooftop park atop the Interchange bus station and transport hub in Stockport<\/strong> town centre.\u00a0 It was opened in 2024 and takes its name from the nearby Stockport Viaduct<\/em>, which carries the main Manchester to London railway line over the River Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0 The viaduct was built by the Manchester & Birmingham Railway in 1839-1840 using about 11 million bricks.\u00a0 It was one of the earliest viaducts and, at that time, it was the largest viaduct in the world.\u00a0 In 1839, the word \u2018viaduct\u2019 was new \u2013 it had been coined only in 1816.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VICTORIA BRIDGE <\/strong>is a single-arch road bridge across the River Irwell <\/strong>between the cities of Salford<\/strong> and Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 1838-1839 and named after Queen Victoria<\/em> (1819-1901).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VICTORIA NORTH <\/strong>is one of the twelve new towns announced by the government in September 2012.\u00a0 The plan is to build an inner-city new town on 155 hectares of brownfield north-east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre, with 15,000 homes and 46 hectares of green space to be named City River Park.\u00a0 The area includes parts of New Cross<\/strong>, Collyhurst<\/strong>, Red Bank<\/strong>, Vauxhall Gardens<\/strong>, Sandhills Park<\/strong> and Smedley<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the nearby Victoria Station<\/strong> and ultimately from Queen Victoria<\/em> (1819-1901).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VICTORIA PARK, Denton <\/strong>is a 2-hectare public park in Denton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The land was purchased in 1886 but the park was not opened until 1913.\u00a0 The park is adjacent to Victoria Street, which takes its name from Queen Victoria<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VICTORIA PARK, Rusholme<\/strong>\u00a0is a suburb of Manchester<\/strong> lying about 3 kilometres south of the city centre between Longsight<\/strong> and Rusholme<\/strong>.\u00a0 Its name comes from the Victoria Park<\/em> Company, which was established in 1836 to build a residential area with large houses for prosperous and professional families.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VICTORIA PARK, Stockport <\/strong>is a 6-hectare park in the Heaviley<\/strong> district of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in the late 19th<\/sup> century, probably to commemorate the 60th<\/sup> year of the reign of Queen Victoria<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VICTORIA PARK, Swinton<\/strong> is a 6-hectare public park in Swinton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in 1897 to commemorate the\u00a060th year of the reign of Queen Victoria<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VICTORIA STATION<\/strong> was opened in 1843 by the Manchester & Leeds Railway. \u00a0In 1844 the Liverpool & Manchester Railway extended its lines to Victoria and closed its Liverpool Road <\/strong>terminus.\u00a0 The new station was originally to have been called Hunt\u2019s Bank<\/strong>, but was instead named after Queen Victoria<\/em>.\u00a0 In 1846 the Manchester & Leeds merged with other local companies to form the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway and established its headquarters at Victoria.\u00a0 The station has been rebuilt in various ways in the past:\u00a0 several platforms were converted into a Metrolink tram station in 1992 and in 1992-94 the new Manchester Arena<\/strong> stadium was built above some of the northern end.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VICTORY <\/strong>is a residential area north-east of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is said to be named after HMS Victory<\/em>, the flagship of Admiral Horatio Nelson (1758-1805), and streets in the area were name after Nelson\u2019s victories at Nile and Trafalgar, as well as after Nelson himself.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VIMTO PARK <\/strong>is a small park in central Manchester<\/strong> that takes its name from the soft drink, Vimto<\/em>, which was first manufactured on the site on Granby Row in 1908.\u00a0 The drink was at first named \u2018Vim Tonic\u2019, because it was said to give the drinker vim<\/em> and vigour, but this was shortened to Vimto in 1912.\u00a0 The park includes a wooden sculpture of a Vimto bottle and all its fruit ingredients.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VIRIDOR WOOD <\/strong>is a 96-hectare country park in Bamfurlong<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> that forms part of the Flashes of Wigan and Leigh<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 It is on the site of Mains Colliery, which was opened in about 1870 and closed in 1960.\u00a0 It then became a landfill site owned and operated by a waste disposal company named Viridor<\/em>, which is the Latin for \u2018to become green\u2019.\u00a0 The site was purchased by the Forestry Commission in 2001 and transformed into a country park.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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WAIN STONES <\/strong>Near Wain Stones and Far Wain Stones are rock formations on Saddleworth <\/strong>Moor in the Peak District <\/strong>National Park in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Academic sources give the origin as Old English w<\/em>\u00e6gn<\/em>, meaning \u2018wagon\u2019, but offer no explanation.\u00a0 Local sources derive the name from Old English wanian<\/em>, meaning \u2018to howl\u2019, in reference to the sound the wind makes as in blows through the rocks.\u00a0 Wanian<\/em> can also mean \u2018to lament\u2019 and it is suggested that the rocks may have some significance as a place of mourning.\u00a0 Two of the rocks are known as the Kissing Rocks from their shape, which resembles two heads close together as if kissing.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALKDEN<\/strong> is a town in the City of Salford <\/strong>about 11 kilometres north-west of Manchester <\/strong>city centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1325 as Walkeden<\/em> and this is usually said to mean \u2018Walca\u2019s valley\u2019 from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Wealaca<\/em> + denu<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019).\u00a0 However, an alternative interpretation is that the origin is the Old English Wealaca<\/em>, meaning \u2018a fuller\u2019 \u2013 someone who shrinks and thickens woollen cloth by moistening, heating, and pressing it by walking on it.\u00a0 This might suggest that Wealaca was a fuller or took his name from the occupation.\u00a0 This would fit with Walkden\u2019s history as a textile manufacturing centre.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALKDEN GARDENS <\/strong>are a 2-hectare public park and open-air theatre in Sale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The site was originally developed as a nursery by Harry Walkden<\/em>, but on his death in 1949 it was bequeathed to Sale Borough Council and named in his memory.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALKER FOLD <\/strong>is a rural woodland area north-west of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is not well documented and is assumed to be an eponym meaning \u2018the animal enclosure (Old English fald<\/em>) belonging to someone called Walker<\/em>\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALKERS <\/strong>is a residential area north-west of Grotton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1738 as Walker\u2019s<\/em> and is probably derived, directly or indirectly, from the Old English wealcere<\/em>, meaning \u2018someone who treats woollen cloth by treading on it in a tub of caustic soda\u2019.\u00a0 This definition of a walker or \u2018fuller\u2019 pre-dates the modern meaning of \u2018walker\u2019 and is the origin of the common surname.\u00a0 Walkers in Oldham may therefore mean \u2018land where walking<\/em> or fulling took place\u2019 or may be an eponym signifying land belonging to someone called Walker<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALKER\u2019S FIELD <\/strong>or MISS WALKER\u2019S FIELD <\/strong>is a public recreational area in Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 In the 19th<\/sup> century the land belonged to the Walker family, who were Lancashire<\/strong> landowners, cotton manufacturers and bankers.\u00a0 The last of the family, a Miss A Walker<\/em>, died in the early 1950s and donated the land to Bury Council.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALKERWOOD RESERVOIR <\/strong>is one of the four Swineshaw<\/strong> reservoirs \u2013 Lower Swineshaw, Higher Swineshaw, Brushes<\/strong> and Walkerwood \u2013 built in 1864-70 to supply drinking water to Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> and Stalybridge<\/strong> in what is now the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name was taken from a local settlement which was recorded on the 1842 Ordnance Survey map but has disappeared from modern maps.\u00a0 The derivation is uncertain but is probably a surname eponym, meaning \u2018the wood<\/em> belonging to someone named Walker<\/em>\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALLGATE<\/strong> is an urban area in the centre of Wigan<\/strong> that takes its name from the area around the mediaeval street of Wallgate<\/em> and Wigan Wallgate railway station.\u00a0 Wallgate is one of the Wigan \u2018gates\u2019, all of which were (and many still are) streets dating from the Middle Ages, and perhaps much earlier as \u2018gate\u2019 is derived from the Old Norse gata<\/em>, meaning \u2018road, street\u2019.\u00a0 Wallgate means \u2018Welsh road\u2019, from the Old English walh<\/em> or wealh<\/em>, suggesting it was the road west to Wales.\u00a0 The others are Standishgate (the road to Standish<\/strong>), Hallgate (the road to Wigan Hall), Millgate (the road leading to a watermill on the River Douglas<\/strong>) and Stairgate (the road to the River Douglas via a set of steps).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALL HILL <\/strong>is a hamlet in the Saddleworth<\/strong> area of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1624 but no explanation is offered.\u00a0 The name could be quite literal and refer to the dry stone walls<\/em> found across Saddleworth hillsides<\/em>.\u00a0 Another theory is that the \u2018wall\u2019 could be the rows of stone tenter posts erected by flannel manufacturers above the hamlet which might look like walls, although the current ones date only from about 1840.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALLNESS<\/strong> is a residential area of north-west Salford<\/strong> and includes Wallness Bridge across the River Irwell.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1261 as Walneys<\/em>, from the Old English hw\u00e6l<\/em>, meaning \u2018round hill\u2019 + ness<\/em> (\u2018promontory, headland\u2019), referring the land inside the long meander in the Irwell at this point.\u00a0 The name had been rationalised to Wallness by the beginning of the 19th<\/sup> century, although the spelling \u2018Walneys\u2019 is found in burial records as late as 1852.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALLSUCHES<\/strong> is a residential district of Horwich<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1777, when brothers Thomas and John Ridgway moved from Dog Hill in Bolton to a site east of Horwich and established the Wallsuches Bleachworks<\/em>.\u00a0 It is said that the name comes from the Old English wella<\/em>, meaning \u2018stream\u2019, + soc<\/em>, meaning \u2018to soak\u2019.\u00a0 This derivation could refer to the numerous streams running off the moors to the east which would provide the water for the bleaching of cloth on the banks.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALMERSLEY <\/strong>is a suburb of north Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1262 as Walmeresley <\/em>and is said to mean \u2018the clearing of Waldmer<\/em> or Walhmer<\/em>\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018woodland clearing\u2019).\u00a0 Alternatively, it could mean \u2018lake by a wood\u2019, from Old English wald <\/em>(\u2018woodland, forest\u2019) + mere <\/em>(\u2018pool, lake\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALSHAW <\/strong>is a village north-west of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1311 as Wolleshagh<\/em>, meaning \u2018the small wood by a stream\u2019, from Old English w\u00e6lla <\/em>(\u2018stream\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse, small wood\u2019).\u00a0 The stream is the nearby Walshaw Brook, a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong>, which would seem to take its name from the village rather than vice versa.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALTON PARK<\/strong> is a 5-hectare public park in Sale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> that was formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The land was acquired by the local authority in 1938 and opened to the public in 1939.\u00a0 Walton<\/em> is a common place name in England and usually means \u2018the farmstead or settlement of the Welsh or Britons\u2019, from the Old English walh<\/em> + t\u016bn<\/em>.\u00a0 The name suggests that there had been an earlier Celtic settlement on or close to the site.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WARBURTON<\/strong> is a village on the south bank of the River Mersey <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Wareburgetune<\/em> and Warburgetone<\/em>, meaning \u2018the estate or village (t\u016bn<\/em>) of a woman called W\u01e3rburg<\/em>\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WARBURTON GREEN <\/strong>is a residential area of Hale Barns<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is believed to derive from the Warburton<\/em> family, as one Peter Warburton (1618-78) leased 4 hectares of land at \u2018the Greene\u2019, but other sources trace the name as far back as 1572.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WARDLE<\/strong> is a town north-east of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Warhul<\/em> in 1193 and with its modern spelling in 1580.\u00a0 The meaning is \u2018look-out hill\u2019, from Old English weard<\/em> (\u2018watch, look-out\u2019) + hyll, <\/em>referring to Brown Wardle<\/em> Hill, a 400-metre-high hill north-west of the town.\u00a0 The name of Brown Wardle Hill suggests that modern English hill <\/em>reduplicates Old English hyll<\/em> because it had been reduced to -le<\/em> and its meaning forgotten.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WARDLEWORTH<\/strong> is a residential area of Rochdale<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in about 1200 and is said to mean \u2018the enclosed settlement (worth<\/em>) close to Wuerdle<\/em>\u2019.\u00a0 See also<\/em> WARDLE<\/strong> and WUERDLE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WARDLEY<\/strong> is a suburb in the north-west of the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1148 as Weardeleige<\/em> and means \u2018clearing or wood (l\u0113ah<\/em>) near a fortified place\u2019 (warde,<\/em> \u2018protection\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WARHILL<\/strong> or WAR HILL <\/strong>is a hamlet in the Mottram-in-Longdendale<\/strong> area of the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1360 as le Wharell<\/em>, which academic sources derive from the Middle English quarrelle<\/em>, meaning \u2018a quarry\u2019.\u00a0 However, according to local legend, the hill<\/em> was the site of a battle in 1138 in the Anarchy War <\/em>between Stephen and Matilda for the English throne.\u00a0 Stephen (reigned 1135-54) was victorious but Matilda\u2019s son eventually succeeded King Stephen as Henry II (reigned 1154-89).\u00a0 The church of St Michael and All Angels is said to have been erected on Warhill to commemorate the battle.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WARLOW PIKE <\/strong>and WARLOW BROOK\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Warlow Brook, a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong>, rises on Warlow Pike and flows north to meet the Tame near Mossley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside.<\/strong>\u00a0 Warlow Pike is recorded in 1468 as Harelowe<\/em>, from Old English h<\/em>\u0101r<\/em> (\u2018grey\u2019 or \u2018boundary) + hl\u0101w <\/em>(\u2018hill\u2019), and Pike comes Old English pic<\/em>, meaning \u2018a point\u2019, as on the mediaeval weapon, and so \u2018a pointed hill\u2019.\u00a0 It has been suggested that Warlow Pike marked the ancient boundary between Cheshire<\/strong> and Saddleworth<\/strong>, and the boundary was marked with grey stones so that h\u0101r<\/em> came to mean \u2018boundary\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WARTH FOLD <\/strong>is a residential and recreational area south-west of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented and literally means \u2019animal enclosure animal enclosure\u2019 \u2013 an example of reduplication as Old English worth<\/em> and fald <\/em>both mean \u2018animal enclosure\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WATCH HILL CASTLE<\/strong> is mediaeval castle in Bowdon<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> also known as Castle Hill.\u00a0 The site is located north of the River Bollin,<\/strong> overlooking a ford by which the old Roman road from Manchester<\/strong> to Chester crossed the river.\u00a0 The name is apparently not recorded until the 19th<\/sup> century, but it evidently means \u2018look-out hill\u2019 from the Old English waecce<\/em> (\u2018a watch, look-out\u2019) + hyll<\/em>.\u00a0 The earlier name of Castle Hill was recorded in 1481 as Le Castell Milne<\/em> (i.e. Castle Mill) but in 1535 as Castill Hill<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WATERDALE <\/strong>is a residential and parkland area in Whitefield <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 1780s when a series of reservoirs was constructed for the Waterdale<\/em> Bleach & Dye Works, although it may have been a farm name at an earlier date.\u00a0 The works was demolished in the 1970s and the area was used for waste spoil during the construction of the M62 motorway, but is has since been regenerated as a nature reserve.\u00a0 The name means \u2018the valley (Old English d<\/em>\u00e6l<\/em>) of the waters (w<\/em>\u00e6ter<\/em>)\u2019, referring to the waters of Mere Brook<\/strong> and Bradley Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WATERGROVE RESERVOIR<\/strong> is a reservoir in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale,<\/strong> which was completed in 1938.<\/strong>\u00a0 It takes its name from the former village of Watergrove<\/em>, which was evacuated and submerged when the reservoir was built.\u00a0 The village had originally developed in the 1840s to provide housing for Watergrove Mill<\/em>, which was built in 1841.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WATERHEAD <\/strong>is a residential area of north-east Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1648 as Watergate Mill but as Waterhead in 1844, when it was created as a parish. \u00a0Both gate<\/em> and head<\/em> here mean \u2018the source of a river or stream\u2019, which could refer to any of the streams that rise in this area on the edge of the moors.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WATER HEYES <\/strong>is a residential area of north-east Wigan<\/strong> beside the River Douglas<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the mid-19th<\/sup> century and its origin does not seem to have been explored.\u00a0 Given its position, it is likely that it means \u2018enclosures beside the water\u2019, from Old English w<\/em>\u00e6ter <\/em>(referring to the Douglas) + h<\/em>\u01e3g <\/em>(\u2018enclosure\u2019).\u00a0 It is a coincidence that the Water Heyes Electrical Company was founded by brothers William and Lancelot Heyes at the turn of the 20th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WATERHOUSES<\/strong> is a village (also known as Daisy Nook<\/strong>) and country park in Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from The Waterhouse<\/em>, the former name of Medlock<\/strong> Hall, a country house dating from the 15th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WATERLOO<\/strong> is a residential area of Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1823 and takes its name from Wellington<\/strong>\u2019s victory at the Battle of Waterloo<\/em> in Belgium in June 1815.\u00a0 The name of the original Belgian village means \u2018watery clearing\u2019, from the Middle Dutch water<\/em> + loo<\/em> (\u2018forest, clearing\u2019).\u00a0 A number of streets in the Ashton Waterloo are named after officers in the victorious army.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WATERS BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> which rises north of Bleak Hey Nook<\/strong> in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows south west through Waters Clough to meet Hull Brook<\/strong>, which then flows south west to join the Tame in Delph<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name Waters<\/em> is found in several places locally:\u00a0 Waters Farm is recorded in 1722 and Waters Gate marks the entry to Waters Lane, which leads to Waters Farm.\u00a0 The names all seem to refer to the various headwaters<\/em> of the Tame that meet in the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WATERSHEDDINGS <\/strong>is a residential area of north-east Oldham<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1102 as Watersdeles<\/em>, a name that means \u2018the dividing of the waters\u2019, i.e. the watershed at the top of Pendle Hill.\u00a0 The name comes from Middle English water <\/em>+ shadel<\/em> (\u2018parting\u2019), a name and spelling that are still found in Watersheddles Reservoir in Lancashire, built in 1877.\u00a0 The modern word \u2018watershed\u2019 is not found in English until 1764, and it seems likely that the name of the village was rationalised at some point to align with the modern term.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WATER\u2019S NOOK <\/strong>is a residential area of Westhoughton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is not well documented before 1891.\u00a0 Its name is derived from its position in nook<\/em> of land north of the V-shaped confluence of the waters <\/em>of Hall Lee Brook<\/strong> with another, apparently-unnamed stream flowing from the north-east.\u00a0 Nook comes from the Old English n<\/em>\u014dk<\/em> (\u2018nook of land; triangular plot\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WEASTE<\/strong> is an inner-city suburb of the City of Salford<\/strong>, previously in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name comes from the Old French wast<\/em> or waste<\/em>, meaning \u2018uncultivated or common land\u2019.\u00a0 The word is used throughout the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) in its Latin form, wasta<\/em>, for uninhabited land for which dues and taxes would not be paid, but Weaste in Lancashire is not mentioned.\u00a0 Although the name would seem to date from mediaeval times, Weaste is not well documented.\u00a0 A map of 1675 calls what is now Weaste Lane \u2018Brewers Lane\u2019.\u00a0 Weaste Hall dates from 1831.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u201cWEATHERFIELD\u201d<\/strong> is a fictional town in Greater Manchester<\/strong> which since 1974 has been the location for the Coronation Street<\/em> soap opera.\u00a0 According to Corriepedia<\/em>, it was originally a farming area called Bellwether Field<\/em>, meaning \u2018the field of the wethered ram around whose neck a bell was hung\u2019, from the Old\/Middle English belle<\/em> (\u2018bell\u2019) + wether<\/em> (\u2018castrated ram\u2019) + feld <\/em>(\u2018field, farm\u2019).\u00a0 Over time, this was simplified to Wetherfield and ultimately rationalised to Weatherfield.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WEDNESHOUGH <\/strong>is a location in Hollingworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1795 with its modern spelling but its origin is disputed:\u00a0 it is often said that Wedneshough Green was an ancient religious site named after the Anglo-Saxon god Woden <\/em>+ Old Norse sk<\/em>\u00f3gr<\/em> (\u2018a wood\u2019) or Old English h<\/em>\u014dh<\/em> (spur of land\u2019), but the first element could also be Old English withign <\/em>(\u2018willow\u2019) or w<\/em>\u0113oden<\/em> (\u2018covered with weeds\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WEIR MILL <\/strong>or WEAR MILL<\/strong> is a repurposed cotton mill in Stockport<\/strong> that is now a residential and retail centre.\u00a0 The Tame<\/strong> and the Goyt<\/strong> meet in central Stockport to form the River Mersey<\/strong>, which then flows west towards Brinksway<\/strong>.\u00a0 In this short stretch five water-powered cotton mills were built in the 1790s, each with its own weir.\u00a0 One of those on the south bank was named, appropriately, Weir Mill, although it had been converted to steam by 1834.\u00a0 One of the arches of the Stockport Viaduct<\/strong> was built over it in 1840 and part of the upper floor was demolished when the viaduct was doubled in 1888-1889. \u00a0It ceased production in the 1970s and was restored in 2024 as part of Stockport\u2019s regeneration plans.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WELL GREEN <\/strong>is a residential area on the edge of Hale Barns<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> close to Fairywell Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1831 as Waugh Green<\/em> but with its modern spelling in 1841.\u00a0 Its meaning and derivation are thought to be literal:\u00a0 \u2018the green by a well, spring or stream\u2019, from Old English wella<\/em> + gr<\/em>\u0113ne<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WELLINGTON BRIDGE <\/strong>is an 11-arch road bridge in Stockport <\/strong>that carries Wellington Road, the modern A6 and a rerouting of the old Roman Road from Manchester<\/strong> to Buxton, over the valley of the River Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 The bridge was built in 1824-1826 and was named after the Duke of Wellington<\/em> (1769-1852), the victor at the Battle of Waterloo<\/strong> of 1815 and later prime minister.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WERNETH <\/strong>is a residential area of Oldham<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>, about 1.5 kilometres west-south-west of Oldham town centre.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1226 as Vernet,<\/em> meaning \u2018place where alder trees grow\u2019 and is derived from the Celtic verno<\/em>, meaning \u2018alder trees\u2019.\u00a0 It is a rare survivor of a Celtic place name and reflects the wooded landscape of the time.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WERNETH BROOK<\/strong> is a stream and tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> in Hyde<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see Appendix 1) as Warnet<\/em>, meaning \u2018place where alder trees grow\u2019 from the Celtic verno<\/em>, meaning \u2018alder trees\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WERNETH LOW <\/strong>is a 279-metre hill on the boundary between the Metropolitan Boroughs of Stockport <\/strong>and Tameside<\/strong>, north-east of Romiley<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in about 1620 as Wernith Low<\/em>, meaning \u2018the hill (Old English hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em>) where alder trees (Celtic verno<\/em>) grow\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WEST DIDSBURY\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>DIDSBURY<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WEST GORTON\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> GORTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WESTHOUGHTON<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, 6 kilometres south-west of Bolton itself and 21 kilometres north-west of Manchester <\/strong>city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1240 as Westhalcton<\/em> and with its modern spelling from the 16th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It means \u2018the western settlement in a nook of land\u2019, from Old English west <\/em>(\u2018west, western\u2019) + halh<\/em> (\u2018nook, corner of land\u2019) + t\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018enclosure, village\u2019).\u00a0 The West<\/em> was originally to distinguish it from Little Houghton, a village name that seems to have vanished, and the nook may refer to a bend in nearby Water\u2019s Nook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WEST HULME <\/strong>or WESTHULME <\/strong>is, as its name suggests, a residential area west<\/em> of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is not well documented before the mid-19th<\/sup> century, with West Hulme isolation hospital built in the 1870s, and even on the 1882 Ordnance Survey map it appears as a separate hamlet.\u00a0 The name combines Old English west<\/em> with the Old Norse element holmr <\/em>(\u2018dry land, promontory\u2019) which originally formed part of Oldham\u2019s 13th<\/sup>-century name \u2013 Aldholm<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WESTLEIGH<\/strong> is a suburb of north-west Leigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1238 as Westlegh<\/em>, from Old English West<\/em> + Old English l\u0113ah<\/em>, meaning ‘wood, clearing or meadow’.\u00a0 The West <\/em>distinguishes it from Leigh itself.\u00a0 See also<\/em> ASTLEY<\/strong>.\u00a0 Westleigh gives its name to Westleigh Brook, a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong> which flows from north to south through the town.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WEST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE<\/strong> was until 1974 one of the three ridings (i.e. third-ings) of Yorkshire<\/strong>, the ancient county named after the city of York.\u00a0 Since 1974, the West Riding has become simply West Yorkshire, although parts of the old West Riding around Saddleworth<\/strong> were transferred to the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> in Greater Manchester.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WESTWOOD<\/strong>\u00a0is a residential area of western Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded as Westewood<\/em> in the late 13th century, from the Old English west<\/em> + wudu<\/em>, meaning \u2018place to the west of a wood or forest\u2019 or \u2018a forest to the west of a settlement\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WESTWOOD FLASH <\/strong>is one of the seven \u2018flashes<\/em>\u2019 or lakes mostly created by mining subsidence early in the 20th<\/sup> century that make up the Flashes of Wigan and Leigh<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name originates with Westwood<\/em> (i.e. \u2018western wood\u2019) Hall<\/em>, a country house built in about 1785 south-west of Ince-in-Makerfield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 Westwood Power Station was built nearby in 1948-50 but closed and demolished in 1989.\u00a0 The cooling water for the power station formed a man-made lake which is now Westwood Flash, while the site of the power station has been developed as Westwood Business Park and the estate of Westwood Hall is now Westwood Park Gardens.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WESTWOOD PARK <\/strong>is a residential area south-east of Worsley <\/strong>in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area was originally the site of Westwood Park, a country house with formal gardens dating from the 18th<\/sup> or 19th<\/sup> century, presumably named because it was a wooded <\/em>area west<\/em> of the main townships of Salford at the time.\u00a0 The house has been demolished but the estate is now Broadoak<\/strong> Park.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WET EARTH COLLIERY <\/strong>was a coal mine in Dixon Fold<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was first opened in 1756 and was originally called Gal Pit from the Galloway ponies that were used there.\u00a0 It had to be closed because of flooding but an ingenious drainage system was devised and it re-opened in the 1760s, although the flooding problems were recalled in its name.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>The mine was painted by Lowry in 1925 (see<\/em> Appendix 2) and was closed in about 1928, but the site was later converted into Clifton<\/strong> Country Park, which opened in 2005.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHALLEY RANGE <\/strong>is an inner-city area in Moss Side<\/strong> and Withington<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>, previously in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was one of the earliest suburbs of Manchester, built in the 1830s by local banker and businessman Samuel Brooks (1793-1864) (see also<\/em> BROOKLANDS<\/strong>).\u00a0 He named the area after his birthplace, Whalley<\/em> near Blackburn in Lancashire.\u00a0 Whalley<\/em> is mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle as the site of the great battle of Hw\u00e6lleage<\/em> in April 798 and takes its name from the Old English hw\u00e6l<\/em>, meaning \u2018round hill\u2019 + l\u0113ah<\/em>, \u2018clearing or settlement\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHARFSIDE<\/strong> is a regeneration area in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> on the south bank of the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> opposite Salford Quays<\/strong> and including Manchester United\u2019s Old<\/strong> Trafford<\/strong> stadium and the Imperial War Museum<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is taken from the location beside the wharves <\/em>of the Manchester Ship Canal and seems to have been devised at the time the Metrolink tram stop (originally to have been called Manchester United) was opened on 22 March 2020 with the name \u2018Wharfside\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHELLEY<\/strong> is a residential area of Wigan<\/strong>, north-east of the town itself.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1160 as Quelley<\/em> and with its modern spelling from 1553.\u00a0 It means \u2018round settlement\u2019, from Old English hweol<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018wheel; water-wheel; anything round, such as a stone circle or a curving valley or hill\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018clearing or settlement\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHIT BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irk <\/strong>that rises south of Rochdale<\/strong> and flows south to join the Irk west of Middleton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but means simply \u2018white stream\u2019 from the Old English hw<\/em>\u012bt + br\u014dc.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> which rises at White Brook Spring south east of Heathfields<\/strong> and flows about 830 metres north west to meet the Tame at Uppermill<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century as Wytibroke<\/em> and Whitebrok<\/em>, literally meaning \u2018white brook\u2019 from Old English hw<\/em>\u012bt<\/em> + br\u014dc<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITE BROW <\/strong>is a residential area on the banks of the River Roch<\/strong> in Hollins<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded on Ordnance Survey maps surveyed in the mid-1840s and means \u2018the pale hill\u2019, from the Old English hw\u012bt <\/em>+ bru<\/em>.\u00a0 The brow<\/em> refers to the slope rising from the River Roch and the white<\/em> could be the pale rock or soil, white flowers or fields.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITEFIELD<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> that was formerly part of Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1292 as Whitefeld<\/em>, meaning \u2018white field or land\u2019, from Old English hw\u012bta<\/em> + feld<\/em>.\u00a0 There are several theories about what the \u2018white\u2019 element might mean:\u00a0 long-lying snow, white flowers such as lilies (see Lily Hill<\/strong>), fabric laid out for bleaching or wheat fields.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITEGATE <\/strong>and WHITEGATE END <\/strong>are nearby residential and industrial areas of Chadderton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Whitegate<\/em> is recorded in 1556 but the name is not well documented.\u00a0 Gate<\/strong>, from Old Norse gata<\/em>, means \u2018road\u2019, and End<\/strong> suggests that both places were at one time at the end of a road.\u00a0 Why this road was White <\/strong>is not known but it might be that it was the road to White Moss<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITEHEAD BROOK\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> WHITEHEAD HALL MEADOWS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITEHEAD GARDENS <\/strong>is a public park and war memorial in Tottington <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is named after Mr and Mrs S D Whitehead<\/em>, who gave the garden to the people of Tottington in remembrance of the seven people who were killed when an air-launched V1 flying bomb landed on Chapel Street on 24 December 1944.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITEHEAD HALL MEADOWS <\/strong>is a 5.58 hectare nature reserve in Astley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The original Whitehead Hall<\/em> was a mediaeval farmhouse in the area of Worsley<\/strong> and Tyldesley<\/strong>, apparently named after the Whitehead<\/em> family.\u00a0 The farm survived until the 1950s, when it became the site for colliery waste from nearby coal mines.\u00a0 In 2000 this was cleared and designated as nature reserve.\u00a0 Whitehead Brook, a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong>, which forms part of the boundary between Wigan and Salford<\/strong>, also takes its name from the Whitehead family.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITE ISLES BROOK <\/strong>rises north of Windy Hill <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale <\/strong>and flows west to join Longden End Brook, which then flows south-west through Rakewood<\/strong> Valley to empty into Hollingworth Lake<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not recorded on 19th<\/sup>-century maps and its origin and meaning are uncertain.\u00a0 White<\/em> may refer to light soil or white flora such as sedge.\u00a0 Isles <\/em>may be a corruption or rationalisation of Ealees<\/strong>, a name found to the north-west of White Isles Brook and meaning \u2018clearings or \u2018islands\u2019 of land beside a brook or river\u2019, from the Old English \u0113a<\/em> (\u2018river\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (woodland clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITELEY <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> LOWER WHITELEY DEAN BROOK<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITE MOSS <\/strong>is a rural and recreational area north of Charlestown<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong> spreading across parts of Middleton<\/strong> and Chadderton<\/strong>, with part now occupied by Blackley<\/strong> golf course.\u00a0 The place is not well documented:\u00a0 moss<\/em> refers to the large areas of peat bog across the east of Greater Manchester<\/strong>, and, while such swampland can be covered with white moss<\/em> flowers, this cannot be confirmed as the origin of the name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITE\u2019S BRIDGE <\/strong>is a road bridge over the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong> in Sale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 1816 and named after Dr Charles White<\/em> (1728-1813), co-founder of the Manchester Royal Infirmary, who lived nearby at Sale Priory (see<\/em> Priory Gardens<\/strong>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITLEY <\/strong>is a residential area of Wigan<\/strong> north of the town centre.\u00a0 It takes its name from Whitley Hall<\/em>, which is recorded as being rebuilt in about 1584.\u00a0 It was demolished sometime before the 1940s but the grounds included a large lake, which is now Whitley reservoir.\u00a0 The name means \u2018white clearing or meadow\u2019 from the Old English hw\u012bt <\/em>+ l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em>, but why the place was described as \u2018white\u2019 is uncertain.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITTAKER<\/strong> is a village south-east of Littleborough <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale <\/strong>that gives its name to Whittaker Woods, a 4.65-hectare area of woodland, and to Whittaker Spout Gutter, a stream which rises to the east and flows west to join Shore Lane Brook<\/strong>, which ultimately flows into Hollingworth Lake<\/strong>.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>The name is not well documented but literally means \u2018white field\u2019 from Old English hw\u012bt <\/em>+ \u00e6cer<\/em>.\u00a0\u00a0 Whittaker Spout Gutter is more complex:\u00a0 Spout<\/em> comes from Middle English spoute<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018spout, spring\u2019) and Gutter<\/em> could come either from Old English gota<\/em> (\u2018water course, stream\u2019) or Middle English goter<\/em> (\u2018small brook, channel\u2019, from the Old French gutiere<\/em>).\u00a0 This is the only occurrence of gutter<\/em> in Greater Manchester<\/strong>, but it is more common in Lancashire<\/strong>:\u00a0 the Ribble\/Douglas <\/strong>rivers have six tributaries including gutter<\/em> as an element in their name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITTLE HILL <\/strong>is a residential area of Egerton <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the 470-metre high hill nearby.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1292 as Quitful<\/em> and with its modern spelling in 1612.\u00a0 It means \u2018white or bright hill\u2019 from the Old English hwit<\/em> + hyll<\/em>.\u00a0 Over time, the second element (hill<\/em>) was reduced to –le<\/em>, and so the meaning was reduplicated by adding another \u2018Hill\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITWORTH PARK <\/strong>is a public park with an art gallery south of Manchester <\/strong>city centre.\u00a0 The park and Whitworth Art Gallery were laid out on land purchased from the will of Sir Joseph Whitworth <\/em>(1803-1887), the engineer known for his standard screw threads.\u00a0 The park and gallery were donated to the City of Manchester and opened in 1890.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WICHEAVES<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0See<\/em> PEEL<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WICKENS BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises north of Pobgreen<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows through Wickens Clough to meet the Tame south of Uppermill<\/strong>.\u00a0 Wickens<\/em> and Wickens Clough<\/em> are recorded in 1725 and the name means \u2018wiggin or mountain ash trees\u2019 from Old English cwicen<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WIGAN <\/strong>is a town on the River Douglas <\/strong>and, since 1974, a metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1199 as Wigan<\/strong> and is probably an eponym meaning \u2018the dwelling or homestead of Wigan\u2019, from the Celtic personal name Wigan<\/em>.\u00a0 An alternative possibility is that it is from the Old English wicum<\/em>, meaning \u2018at the dwellings\u2019.\u00a0 According to folk etymology, the town\u2019s name is derived from the wiggin <\/em>tree, a variant of the rowan or mountain ash, and a wiggin tree is included on Wigan\u2019s coat of arms.\u00a0 \u2018Wiggin\u2019 is a dialect variant of Middle English quiken<\/em>, which is also found in Wickenlow in Lancashire<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WIGAN FLASHES NATURE RESERVE <\/strong>is a 260-hectare country park in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> that forms one of the 8 sites of the Flashes of Wigan and Leigh<\/strong>.\u00a0 It consists of seven wetlands mostly formed by the subsidence of colliery workings at the turn of the 20th<\/sup> century – Bryn Marsh<\/strong>, Horrocks’ Flash<\/strong>, Ochre Flash<\/strong>, Pearson’s Flash<\/strong>, Scotman’s Flash<\/strong>, Turner’s Flash<\/strong> and Westwood Flash<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened as a nature reserve and site of special scientific interest in 2022. \u00a0A flash<\/em> is a mining term for a lake formed by subsidence (a meaning not included in the Oxford English Dictionary<\/em>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WIGAN PIER <\/strong>was originally a wharf on the Leeds & Liverpool Canal in Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was probably built sometime in the 18th<\/sup> century, when the main meaning of the word pier<\/em> was an industrial wharf or jetty rather than an entertainment facility built by the sea.\u00a0 Wigan Pier became a music-hall joke and featured in a song by George Formby, as well as the title of George Orwell\u2019s The Road to Wigan Pier<\/em>, a 1937 study of the social conditions of Lancashire\u2019s working classes.\u00a0 Orwell explained the joke:\u00a0 \u2018At one time, on one of the muddy little canals that run round the town, there used to be a tumble-down wooden jetty; and by way of a joke someone nicknamed this Wigan Pier. The joke caught on locally, and then the music-hall<\/a> comedians got hold of it, and they are the ones who have succeeded in keeping Wigan Pier alive as a byword\u2019. \u00a0The original Wigan Pier was demolished in about 1929 but nearby warehouses continued in use.\u00a0 In the 1980s they were converted into a museum of Victorian life but this closed in 2007 and current plans are to convert the buildings of Wigan Pier and Eckersley Mill <\/strong>for residential, retail and entertainment use.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WILBRAHAM ROAD<\/strong> is a long road in Chorlton-cum-Hardy<\/strong> and Fallowfield<\/strong> in south Manchester<\/strong>, originally built in the 1860s with large houses.\u00a0 It was named after Wilbraham<\/em> Egerton<\/strong> (1832-1909) of Tatton Park<\/strong>, who was MP for North Cheshire and the second chairman of the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WILDERSWOOD<\/strong> is a 9.7-hectare woodland north east of Horwich<\/strong> and south of Wilders Moor in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1322 as Wilderhirst<\/em>, from Old English wilder<\/em>, meaning \u2018wild animal, especially a deer\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WILDHOUSE<\/strong> is an area in Butterworth<\/strong> in south-eastern Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 A property called \u2018Wyld House\u2019 is recorded in the area in the late 15th<\/sup> century, its name literally meaning the house or home of the Wyld <\/em>or Wylde <\/em>family, who are known to have lived in the area since the late 13th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WILL BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> which rises on Rocher<\/strong> Moss in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows west through Will Clough to join Brun Brook<\/strong>, which then flows into the Tame as Diggle<\/strong> Brook.\u00a0 The name and its origin seem to be undated and undocumented.\u00a0 Possible derivations are Old English wilig <\/em>(\u2018the stream beside willow<\/em> trees\u2019) or wylla\/wyll<\/em> (\u2018the stream that comes from a well<\/em> or spring\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WILLOWS <\/strong>is a residential area north of Daubhill <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton <\/strong>dating from the 1930s.\u00a0 It takes its name from the nearby Willows Lane<\/em>, which is recorded in 1762 as part of the St Helens to Bolton turnpike.\u00a0 The lane also formed the boundary between Bolton and Rumworth<\/strong>.\u00a0 Willow comes from the Old English wilig<\/em> or welig<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WILSON BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises as Godley<\/strong> Brook and flows west and then south to join the Tame in Hyde<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>. The name is recorded in 1800, when the Ashton family operated a mill at Godley beside Wilson Brook.\u00a0 The name is thought to be an eponym, perhaps from the local Wilson-Patten<\/em> family, one of whom, John Wilson-Patten (1802-1892) was MP for Lancashire<\/strong> and, later, North Lancashire from 1830 to 1874.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WINCE BROOK<\/strong> is a 5.1-kilometre tributary of the River Irk<\/strong> which rises south of Middleton Junction<\/strong> and flows north east to join the Irk in Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the mid-19th<\/sup> century but it is known that it was formerly called Wink\u2019s Brook.\u00a0 The name probably means either \u2018a swiftly moving brook\u2019, from Middle English wincen<\/em> (\u2018to turn or move swiftly\u2019), or \u2018sharply-turning brook\u2019, from Old English wince\/wincel<\/em> (\u2018sharp bend, corner\u2019).\u00a0 The brook lends its name to Wince Brook Nature Reserve, which has been established since 2011.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WINDLEHURST <\/strong>is a small village south of Marple<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1759 with its modern spelling and means \u2018wooded hill where coarse grass grows\u2019, from the Middle English windle<\/em> (shortened from windel-str<\/em>\u0113aw<\/em>, meaning \u2018coarse grass used for making windles or woven baskets\u2019) + hyrst<\/em> (\u2018wooded hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WINDSOR <\/strong>is an area of Pendleton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>, although the name seems to be falling out of use.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the end of the 18th<\/sup> century, when Windsor Wharf was built, the Windsor Castle pub was opened in 1791, a road bridge was built over the Manchester Bolton and Bury Canal, and the New Windsor chapel was opened in 1797.\u00a0 The area seems to have originally been called \u2018New Windsor\u2019 and the name was transferred from Windsor<\/em> in Berkshire, the name of which means \u2018a slope with a windlass\u2019, from the Old English windels<\/em> (\u2018winding-gear, a winch, a windlass\u2019) + \u014dra<\/em> (\u2018a slope, shore\u2019). \u00a0Adopting the name of a fashionable or affluent town in the south of England was especially popular in the 1790s as a process of gentrification.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WINDY ARBOUR<\/strong> or WINDY HARBOUR <\/strong>is, with various spellings, found in several parts of England.\u00a0 There are two in Greater Manchester<\/strong>:\u00a0 Windy Arbour<\/strong>, a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, south-west of Wigan itself, and Windy Harbour<\/strong>, a location east of Diggle<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The meaning in each case is \u2018windy shelter\u2019 or \u2018shelter from the wind’, from Old English windig <\/em>(\u2018windy\u2019) + here-beorg<\/em> (\u2018shelter\u2019).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 It used to be thought that the reference was to a resting place for legionnaires along a Roman road, but this theory has been challenged and it may refer simply to an exposed shelter.\u00a0 It seems that Windy Arbour in Wigan is not close to any Roman road, but Windy Arbour near Diggle is on the route of the Roman road from Manchester<\/strong> to Castleshaw<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WINDY HILL <\/strong>is a 389-metre hill in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> in the South Pennines<\/strong>, close to the border with West Yorkshire<\/strong> and the traditional border between Lancashire<\/strong> and Yorkshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in the first edition of the Ordnance Survey maps of the 1840s-1850s but is almost certainly much older.\u00a0 The name is quite literal:\u00a0 an exposed hill<\/em> well-known for its winds<\/em> and gales up to 200 kph.\u00a0 The M62 crosses the area in Windy Hill Cutting and the Pennine Way<\/strong> Footbridge crosses the cutting at the eastern end in West Yorkshire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WINGATES <\/strong>is a village north of Westhoughton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1272 as Windyates<\/em>, meaning \u2018wind gate, a gate for the wind\u2019, referring to a pass through which the wind is funnelled, from Old English wind <\/em>+ geat<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018hole, opening, gap, pass, gate or gateway\u2019).\u00a0 The village is in an area exposed to the wind.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WINNING HILL <\/strong>is now a residential area of Gorton<\/strong> in the City of Manchester <\/strong>which is also known as Ryder Brow.\u00a0 Gorton and nearby Nico Ditch<\/strong> are said to have been the site of battles between the Anglo-Saxons and the Danes in the late 9th<\/sup> and early 10th<\/sup> centuries, and it is tempting to think that the name commemorates a decisive victory.\u00a0 However, it is also possible that is it derived from the Middle English win<\/em>, in the sense of reclaiming marshland or woodland for cultivation, or whin<\/em>, meaning \u2018gorse\u2019.\u00a0 19th<\/sup> century maps also give the name Ryder Brow or Rider Brow as an alternative to Winning Hill, but the Ryder spelling seems to have been standardised with the opening of Ryder Brow railway station in 1985.\u00a0 Ryder is thought to derive from George Ryder<\/em>, who oversaw the building of Maidens\u2019 Bridge<\/strong> over Gore Brook<\/strong> in 1737.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WINSTANLEY<\/strong> is a suburb of Wigan <\/strong>that was part of Lancashire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1206 as Unstanesle<\/em> but its origin and modern spelling are more clearly seen in Wynstaneslegh,<\/em> recorded in 1252.\u00a0 The name means \u2018Wynstan\u2019s clearing in a forest\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Wynstan<\/em> + l\u0113ah<\/em>.\u00a0 The personal name may be derived from the Old English wynn<\/em> (\u2018joy\u2019) + stan<\/em> (\u2018stone\u2019) and the mediaeval village is thought to be the origin of the \u2018Winstanley\u2019 family name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WINTER HILL <\/strong>is a 457-metre-high hill in Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century as Wintyrhold<\/em> and Wintyrheld<\/em>, literally meaning \u2018winter hill\u2019 or \u2018winter slope\u2019.\u00a0 It has been suggested that the slopes (Old English -helde<\/em>) are sometimes covered with cotton grass, making it look as if they are covered in snow, even in summer.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WINTON<\/strong> is a residential area on the western edge of the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1284 as Wythynton<\/em> and as Wynton<\/em> in 1535.\u00a0 It means \u2018settlement among willow trees\u2019, from Old English withig<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018willow tree\u2019) or withigen\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018growing with willows\u2019) + t\u016bn <\/em>(\u2018enclosure, village\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WITHINGTON<\/strong> is a suburb of Manchester<\/strong>, 6.5 kilometres south of the city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1212 as Withington<\/em>, from Old English withig<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018willow tree\u2019) or withigen\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018growing with willows\u2019) + t\u016bn <\/em>(\u2018enclosure, village\u2019), one of many places named after the willows that once grew there.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WODEN FOOTBRIDGE <\/strong>or WODEN STREET BRIDGE <\/strong>over the River Irwell<\/strong> between Ordsall<\/strong> in Salford<\/strong> and Cornbrook <\/strong>in Manchester<\/strong> was built in 1873 on the site of Woden\u2019s Ford<\/em>, an ancient crossing point that took the Roman road from Manchester to Wigan<\/strong> over the river.\u00a0 The ford took its name from the nearby Woden\u2019s Den, a cave in the sandstone river bank that was said to be a temple to the Saxon god Woden<\/em>, and later a Christian hermitage.\u00a0 The cave was destroyed in 1808 as its owner wanted to prevent travellers from visiting it for luck before crossing the river.\u00a0 The bridge is also known as \u2018Mark Addy\u2019s Bridge\u2019 after Mark Addy (1838-1890), a Salford innkeeper and champion rower who was awarded the Albert Medal (forerunner of the George Cross) for rescuing 50 people from the Irwell.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOLSTENHOLME <\/strong>is a residential area west of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1180 as Wolstonholme<\/em>, an eponym meaning \u2018Wulfstan<\/em>\u2019s raised land in a swampy area\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + Old Norse holmr.<\/em>\u00a0 Earlier suggestions that the name is derived from the Old English for \u2018wolf\u2019 are now discounted.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOMANSCROFT<\/strong> is a locality in north-east Bramhall<\/strong> close to Bramhall Green<\/strong> and Happy Valley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 Womanscroft Bridge across the Ladybrook<\/strong> was built in 1931 and replaced one from the early 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 However, an earlier bridge is recorded in 1637, when a landowning woman <\/em>who \u2018had a house with a small croft<\/em> and toft\u2019 was given certain legal rights, including being a juror and being \u2018exempt from the burden of repairing the bridge over Lady Brook, known as the Woman\u2019s Croft bridge\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODBANK MEMORIAL PARK <\/strong>is a 20-hectare public park in Offerton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> overlooking the River Goyt<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Woodbank Farm<\/em>, which was purchased in 1812 by Peter Marsland, a local cotton manufacturer who built an estate and villa on the land.\u00a0 In 1920 these were sold to Sir Thomas Rowbotham, who donated the land to Stockport Council as a war memorial<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODEND <\/strong>or WOOD END <\/strong>is a common place name across England and Greater<\/strong> Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is usually literal:\u00a0 \u2018where the wood <\/em>(Old English wudu<\/em>) ends<\/em> (ende<\/em>)\u2019 or \u2018the place at the end<\/em> of the wood<\/em>\u2019.\u00a0 Woodend Mill in Mossley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> was built in 1830-40 but the settlement and its name may be older.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODFORD<\/strong> is a village outside of Stockport<\/strong> that was in Cheshire <\/strong>until 1974.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1248 as Widford<\/em> and with its modern spelling from 1430.\u00a0 It means \u2018the ford<\/em> in or by a wood<\/em>\u2019 from the Old English wudu<\/em> + ford<\/em>, and refers to a crossing of the River Dean<\/strong> in a forest.\u00a0 Woodford Aerodrome was opened by the aircraft manufacturer Avro in 1924 and closed in August 2011.\u00a0 Part of the former airfield now houses the Avro Heritage Museum<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODGATE HILL <\/strong>is a residential area north-east of Bury<\/strong> town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in parish registers in 1766 and means \u2018the hill<\/em> (Old English hyll<\/em>) by a road (Old Norse gata<\/em>) through a wood<\/em> (Old English wudu<\/em>)\u2019, presumably referring to its position at the junction of Bell Lane\/Rochdale Old Road and Castle Hill Road.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODHEYS<\/strong> HALL<\/strong> is a housing development in Ashton upon Mersey<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The estate dates from 1931 but the Woodheys name, meaning \u2018wood enclosures\u2019 from the Old English wudu<\/em> + h<\/em>\u00e6g<\/em>, is recorded in 1831.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODHEYS PARK<\/strong> is a 7.5-hectare public park in west Timperley<\/strong> north of Sinderland <\/strong>Brook in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in the 1970s on land that was formerly Woodheys Farm<\/em>.\u00a0 The farm was recorded on the 1831 Ordnance Survey map of the area and means \u2018wood enclosures\u2019, from the Old English wudu<\/em> + h<\/em>\u00e6g.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODHILL <\/strong>and WOODHILL FOLD <\/strong>are residential areas north-west of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1563 as Wyddell<\/em>, meaning \u2018wide nook of land\u2019, from the Old English w<\/em>\u012bd<\/em> + halh<\/em>, referring to a meander in the nearby River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 Over time, the name was rationalised to \u2018Woodhill\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODHOUSE GREEN\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> WOODHOUSES, Oldham<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODHOUSE LANE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Spodden<\/strong> which rises on Rooley Moor<\/strong> west of Catley Lane<\/strong> Head<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and flows north and east to join the Spodden in Broadley in Rossendale in Lancashire.<\/strong>\u00a0 It takes its name from Woodhouse Lane<\/em>, which runs parallel with it in the early part of its course.\u00a0 A house named Woodhouse<\/em> is recorded in the area in 1709.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODHOUSE PARK<\/strong>\u00a0is a residential area on the southern edge of Wythenshawe<\/strong>\u00a0in south Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was formerly a \u2018gentleman\u2019s residence\u2019 with its own grounds but it was purchased by Manchester Corporation in 1949 and developed for housing and recreational areas.\u00a0 Woodhouse<\/em> is recorded in 1675 and literally means \u2018the house in or by the woods\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODHOUSES, Oldham, <\/strong>is an area south-east of Failsworth<\/strong>, about 8 kilometres north-east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 It is recorded before 1390 as Woodheyes<\/em>, meaning \u2018an enclosure surrounded by woods\u2019, from Old English wudu <\/em>(\u2018wood, forest\u2019) + haga<\/em> (\u2019enclosure, property\u2019).\u00a0 The original meaning probably became forgotten and the name was rationalised to \u2018Woodhouses\u2019.\u00a0 The village of Bottom of Woodhouses is located south-west of Woodhouses.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODHOUSES, Trafford, <\/strong>is a residential area north-west of Timperley <\/strong>and north of Sinderland <\/strong>Brook.\u00a0 The name probably comes from Woodhouses Lane<\/em>, a road which (with various name changes) connects to Dunham Woodhouses<\/strong>.\u00a0 The original name meant \u2018houses in a wood\u2019, from Old English wudu<\/em> + h<\/em>\u016bs<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODLANDS <\/strong>is a residential area north-west of Mottram in Longdendale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area takes its name from Woodlands<\/em>, a country house built in the late 1850s or 1860s by Robert Platt (1802-1882), a local mill owner and philanthropist.\u00a0 The name seems to be a modern descriptive coinage.\u00a0 Platt and his wife later rented Dunham Massey<\/strong> before purchasing Dean Water, a house built in 1837 beside the River Dean<\/strong> in Woodford<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODLEY<\/strong> is a suburb of Stockport<\/strong>, north-east of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1326 as Wodley <\/em>or Wodlegh<\/em> and with its modern spelling from 1615.\u00a0 It means \u2018clearing in the wood\u2019 from Old English wudu<\/em> + l\u0113ah<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOOD PARK <\/strong>or WOODPARK <\/strong>is a rural and recreational area west of Bardsley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is descriptive and is recorded from 1860, referring to Woodpark Colliery, Wood Park Farm and Wood Park Clough.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODS END<\/strong> or WOODSEND <\/strong>is an area north-west of Flixton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1818 as Woodsend Farm<\/em> and it has been suggested that it was located at the end<\/em> of a road from an area known as Wood<\/em>, but this cannot be confirmed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODSMOOR<\/strong> or WOODS MOOR<\/strong> is a suburb of Stockport<\/strong>, which was part of Cheshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 In the early 14th<\/sup> century the area was known as Snibbs Moor, from Snibb<\/em>, another word for bog.\u00a0 However, it is also known that it was wooded in mediaeval times, so that Woods Moor, first recorded in 1764, probably means \u2018the woods by the moor\u2019.\u00a0 Until the late 19th<\/sup> century, the area was known as Charlestown<\/strong>, probably after a Bramhall<\/strong> farmer named Charles<\/em> Croft who died in 1792.\u00a0 A map of 1830 shows both Charlesworth and Woods Moor but the name survives today only as Charlestown Road, which leads to what is now Woodsmoor.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOOLDEN <\/strong>is a rural area north-west of Cadishead<\/strong> alongside the Glaze Brook<\/strong> valley in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 In the past, Great Woolden and Little Woolden were mosses that formed part of Chat Moss<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1299 as Vuleden<\/em>, probably from the Old English wulf<\/em> + denu<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019), so that the meaning might be \u2018valley of the wolves\u2019.\u00a0 Great Woolden is an Iron Age roundhouse site and Little Woolden Moss forms part of Cadishead and Little Woolden Moss Nature Reserve.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOOLFOLD<\/strong> is a residential area south-east of Tottington<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before about 1840, when dye works had already been established there.\u00a0 The area is particularly noted for Woolfold Viaduct, which was originally built in 1882 to carry the Bury & Tottington District Railway over Kirklees Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was demolished in 1974 but replaced with a new viaduct for walkers and cyclists in 2012.\u00a0 Early forms of the name are not recorded but, given the history of wool textiles in the Bury area, it seems likely that it is derived from Old English wull <\/em>(\u2018wool\u2019) + fald<\/em> (\u2018a small enclosure for animals, a small herding settlement\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOOLLEY BRIDGE <\/strong>is a small residential area on the edge of Hollingworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1286 as Woleg <\/em>and as Woolley<\/em> from 1400.\u00a0 The first record with Bridge<\/em> is 1842.\u00a0 It means \u2018clearing of wolves\u2019, from Old English wulf<\/em> + l\u0113ah.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WORSLEY <\/strong>is a village in the City of Salford<\/strong> about 10 kilometres west of the centre of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The Bridgewater Canal<\/strong> originally terminated at Worsley when it was opened in 1761 but it was later extended westward to Runcorn in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1196 as Werkesleia<\/em>, meaning \u2018the woodland or clearing (Old English -l\u0113ah<\/em>) belonging to a woman called Weorcg\u04efth <\/em>or a man called Weorch\u00e6th<\/em>\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WORSLEY HALL <\/strong>is a residential area west of Wigan<\/strong> built after World War II on the site of a country house or hall <\/em>that probably dated from the 18th century.\u00a0 Details of the house, its name and its owners are sparse \u2013 it was probably built by a family called Worsley<\/em>, but with no connection with Worsley <\/strong>or Worsley Hall in Salford<\/strong>, and demolished in the late 19th<\/sup> or early 20th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WORSLEY MESNES <\/strong>is a suburb of Wigan<\/strong>, south of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but it can be traced back at least as far as the 17th<\/sup> century, when a country house with this name is recorded.\u00a0 It consists of three elements.\u00a0 The third is from the Anglo-Norman demesnes<\/em>, meaning \u2018the domain or manor of\u2019 a particular landowner.\u00a0 The first and second are presumably far older, coming from the Old English Anglo-Saxon personal name Weorcg\u04efth<\/em> + -l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018clearing\u2019).\u00a0 The area includes Mesnes Park, a large public park opened in 1927.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WORTHINGTON<\/strong> is a thinly-populated area about 6.5 kilometres north of Wigan<\/strong> which also gives its name to the three Worthington Lakes reservoirs and Worthington Lakes Country Park.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1210 as Worthinton<\/em>, an eponym meaning \u2018Worth<\/em>\u2019s village\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + ing<\/em> (\u2018named after, belonging to\u2019) + t\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018enclosure, village\u2019).\u00a0 The three reservoirs are fed by the River Douglas<\/strong> and were built in the mid-19th<\/sup> century to supply Wigan and now form part of the 20-hectare country park.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WORTHINGTON PARK<\/strong> is a 6.5-hectare public park in Sale <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 At the end of the 19th<\/sup> century the local authority wanted to develop a public park in Sale to celebrate Queen Victoria<\/strong>\u2019s diamond jubilee but the funding was not approved.\u00a0 However, Mary Worthington<\/em> of Sale Old Hall provided the funding and on 30 June 1900 she opened the park, which was named Sale Park.\u00a0 In 1950, 50 years after the park was opened, it was renamed in her memory Mary Worthington.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WRIGLEY BROOK <\/strong>is a short, culverted tributary of the River Roch<\/strong> that rises south of Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and flows northwards to its confluence with the Roch at Bottom o\u2019 th\u2019 Brow<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1777, when it powered Wrigley Brook Mill, the first cotton mill in Heywood.\u00a0 The name comes from the Wrigley<\/em> family, who were prominent in the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong> and Hopwood in south-east Lancashire <\/strong>from the 15th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WUERDLE <\/strong>is a residential area west of Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1180 as Werdull<\/em>, possibly meaning \u2018the clearing where troops are stationed\u2019, from Old English weorod<\/em> (\u2018army\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (wood, clearing\u2019).\u00a0 Nearby Wardle<\/strong> means \u2018look-out hill\u2019 and it has been suggested that the troops keeping watch on Wardle Hill were stationed in Wuerdle.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WYTHENSHAWE<\/strong> is today a district in south Manchester <\/strong>which was formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 <\/strong>\u00a0The name is recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century as Witenscawe <\/em>and with its modern spelling in 1548.\u00a0 It means \u2018willow copse\u2019, from the Old English w\u012bthign <\/em>(\u2018withy tree, willow\u2019) + sceaga <\/em>(\u2018copse, small wood\u2019).\u00a0 The name originally applied only to a country house dating from about 1540 called Wythenshawe Hall, but in 1925 this was purchased, along with 100 hectares of farmland, by Ernest Simon (son of Henry Simon<\/strong>) and Shena Simon<\/strong>, and donated to the City of Manchester.\u00a0 The City then purchased an additional 1000 hectares in 1926 to build a garden city.\u00a0 In 1931, the whole area was transferred to the City of Manchester and collectively became known as \u2018Wythenshawe\u2019.\u00a0 In the 1930s it was the location for large-scale development, forming a council housing estate over 2000 hectares in area \u2013 the largest in Europe at the time.\u00a0 Over time, the Wythenshawe estate absorbed several of the farms and hamlets in the area \u2013 Baguley,<\/strong> Brooklands<\/strong>, Northenden<\/strong>, Sharston<\/strong> and Woodhouse Park<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Y<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
YELLOW BROOK<\/strong> is a stream which rises in Haigh <\/strong>Woodland Park and flows west to join the River Douglas<\/strong> in Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from its yellow<\/em> colour, which comes from the iron in the water as it drains from mine workings.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
YEOMAN HEY RESERVOIR <\/strong>is one of four reservoirs in the Peak District<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> fed by Greenfield<\/strong> Brook and supplying water to the towns of what is now Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The four are Yeoman Hey, completed in 1880, Greenfield <\/strong>(1902), Chew<\/strong> (1912) and Dove Stone<\/strong> (1968).\u00a0 Yeoman Hey is said to take its name from Yeoman Hey Cottage<\/em>, a late 18th<\/sup> century stone cottage that is now a listed building, but the origin of the name is uncertain.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
YEW TREE <\/strong>is a residential area of Dukinfield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1830, when it was described as \u2018an old farm named after a huge old yew that grew beside it\u2019.\u00a0\u00a0 The name \u2018yew\u2019 is derived from the Old English \u012bw<\/em> or \u0113ow<\/em>.\u00a0 Yews are the oldest trees in England but relatively few places are named after them (but see Yorkshire<\/strong>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
YORKSHIRE <\/strong>is the traditional name for the county in north-east England that was previously divided into three Ridings (i.e. thirdings) \u2013 North, East and West.\u00a0 In 1974, it was divided into four counties \u2013 North Yorkshire, East Yorkshire, South Yorkshire and West Yorkshire<\/strong> \u2013 although some parts of Saddleworth<\/strong> in West Yorkshire are now administered as part of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 Yorkshire is derived from the city of York<\/em> + Old English sc<\/em>\u012br<\/em> (\u2018district\u2019).\u00a0 York itself dates from about AD 150 and probably means \u2018place of the yew trees\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS & SOURCES<\/strong><\/p>\n

This book has largely been compiled through extensive desk research \u2013 gathering the work of earlier scholars rather than carrying out any original field or documentary research.\u00a0 The works of the standard authors on the place names of Britain and north-west England over the past 150 years have all been consulted.\u00a0 These are listed below and I readily acknowledge my great debt to them.\u00a0 However, many smaller and more recently-named places are not included in these books and so I have spent countless hours searching countless websites to explore such place names.\u00a0 Especially useful were those of the many local historians, archaeologists and conservationists who have researched the place names of Greater Manchester in great detail and depth.\u00a0 This is not intended to be a scholarly reference work and these websites are too numerous to list here, but particular mention should be made of the following:\u00a0 Aidan O’Rourke, Allan Russell, Andrew Simpson, the Bolton News<\/em>, British History Online; the English Dialect Dictionary<\/em>, the English Place Name Society, the Gazetteer of British Place Names, the Greater Manchester Archaeological Advisory Service, Grace\u2019s Guide<\/em>, the Lancashire Online Parish project, the Manchester Evening News<\/em>, National Heritage List for England<\/a>, the Oxford English Dictionary<\/em>, Saddleworth Historical Society Bulletin, Surname DB, Wikipedia<\/em>.<\/p>\n

It might be expected that AI would have been a major tool in the compiling of this dictionary, but in fact AI proved to be of very limited use.\u00a0 Various AI tools were used to collect and check basic factual information, but they proved of limited use in the research and drafting of entries.\u00a0 It was found that AI not only offered little evidence as to the origin of place names, but theories and suggestions were often geographically, historically or linguistically incorrect.\u00a0 In extreme cases, AI tools offered absurd \u2018facts\u2019- that Peel Causeway, for example, stretched from north Cheshire across the Irish Sea to Peel on the Isle of Man!\u00a0 In other cases, alternative or even contradictory suggestions were made by the same AI tool at different times.\u00a0 AI, it seems, has some way to go before it can be a reliable aid in place-name research.<\/p>\n

I should particularly like to thank Dr Ann Cole, Dr Wendy Scarlin and Judith Fell for scrutinizing and correcting the original text, and for their invaluable advice and contributions.\u00a0 All errors and omissions are my own responsibility.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

BIBLIOGRAPHY<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Ashworth, Geoffrey<\/td>\n2023<\/td>\nThe Lost Rivers of Manchester<\/em><\/td>\nAltrincham:\u00a0 Willow Publishing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Baines, Edward<\/td>\n1888<\/td>\nThe History of the County Palatine and <\/em><\/p>\n

Duchy of Lancaster<\/em><\/td>\n

Manchester:\u00a0 John Heywood<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Billington, W D<\/td>\n1982<\/td>\nFrom Affetside to Yarrow:\u00a0 Bolton Place Names and their History<\/em><\/td>\nBolton:\u00a0 Ron Anderson Publications<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bradshaw, L D<\/td>\n1985<\/td>\nOrigins of Street Names in the City Centre of Manchester<\/em><\/td>\nManchester:\u00a0 Neil Richardson<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buckley, Mike<\/td>\n2017<\/td>\n\u2018The origins and evolution of a Pennine township:\u00a0 medieval and early modern settlement in Saddleworth\u2019, chapter 11 of Smith, Nigel (ed), History of the South Pennines:\u00a0 the legacy of Alan Petford<\/em>,<\/td>\nHebden Bridge:\u00a0 Local History Society<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cameron, Kenneth<\/td>\n1959<\/td>\nThe Place Names of Derbyshire, Part I<\/em><\/td>\nCambridge:\u00a0 University Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cole, E Ann<\/td>\n2015<\/td>\nPlants, Place Names and Habitats<\/td>\nAshmolean Natural History Society Journal<\/em>, vol 6, pp. 94-102<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Clark, David<\/td>\n1973<\/td>\nGreater Manchester Votes:\u00a0 A Guide to the New Metropolitan Authorities<\/em><\/td>\nStockport:\u00a0 Redrose<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Crosby, Alan G<\/td>\n2010<\/td>\nUnofficial place-names in nineteenth- and twentieth-century South Lancashire<\/td>\nNomina<\/em> 33, pp. 45\u201364<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2019<\/td>\nPlace-names and the medieval landscape in the Manchester area<\/td>\nManchester Memoirs, <\/em>157, pp.55-64<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Defoe, Daniel<\/td>\n1724-26\/ 1991<\/td>\nA Tour Through the Whole Island of Great Britain<\/em><\/td>\nNew Haven:\u00a0 Yale University Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Dodgson, J McN<\/td>\n<\/td>\nThe Place Names of Cheshire<\/em><\/td>\nCambridge:\u00a0 University Press\/English Place-Name Society<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1970a<\/td>\nPart I\u00a0 Macclesfield Hundred<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1970b<\/td>\nPart II Bucklow and Northwich Hundreds<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1981<\/td>\nPart V 1:i\u00a0 City of Chester; the Elements of Cheshire Place-Names A-Gylden<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1981<\/td>\nPart V 1:ii\u00a0 The Elements of Cheshire Place-Names Haca-Yolden<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1997<\/td>\nPart V 2\u00a0 Introduction, Linguistic Notes and Indexes<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ekwall, Eilert<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n

1922\/2019<\/td>\nThe Place-Names of Lancashire<\/em><\/td>\nManchester:\u00a0 University Press (Alpha Editions)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n1960<\/td>\nThe Concise Oxford Dictionary of Place Names<\/em>, 4th<\/sup> edition<\/td>\nOxford:\u00a0 Clarendon Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Engels, Friedrich<\/td>\n1845\/1987<\/td>\nThe Condition of the Working Class in England<\/em><\/td>\nLondon:\u00a0 Penguin Books<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fiennes, Celia<\/td>\nc.1682-c.1712\/1984<\/td>\nThe Illustrated Journeys of Celia Fiennes<\/em><\/td>\nLondon:\u00a0 Macdonald & Co.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Francis, James F<\/td>\n2004<\/td>\nHarwood Hill Farms and Riding Gate<\/em><\/td>\nTurton Local History Society<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Frangopulo, N J<\/td>\n1977<\/td>\nTradition in Action \u2013 The Historical Evolution of the Greater Manchester County<\/em><\/td>\nWakefield:\u00a0 EP Publishing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Garmonsway, G N (translator)<\/td>\n1953<\/td>\nThe Anglo-Saxon Chronicle<\/em><\/td>\nLetchworth:\u00a0 Aldine Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Gelling, Margaret<\/td>\n1994<\/td>\nPlace-names in the Landscape<\/em><\/td>\nLondon:\u00a0 J M Dent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1997<\/td>\nSignposts to the Past<\/em><\/td>\nChichester:\u00a0 Phillimore<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Gelling, M & Ann Cole<\/td>\n2000<\/td>\nThe Landscape of Place Names<\/em><\/td>\nStamford:\u00a0 Shaun Tyas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Goodall, Armitage<\/td>\n1913<\/td>\nPlace-Names of South-West Yorkshire<\/em><\/td>\nCambridge:\u00a0 University Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Harland, John (ed)<\/td>\n1862<\/td>\nMamecestre:\u00a0 being chapters from the early recorded history of the Barony of Manchester<\/em><\/td>\nChetham Society, vol III<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Insley, John<\/td>\n1986<\/td>\nToponymy and Settlements in the North West<\/td>\nNomina<\/em> 10, pp. 169-76<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n2022<\/td>\nEilert Ekwall and Lancashire Place Names<\/td>\nLancashire Place Name Survey Newsletter<\/em>, September 2022, pp3-10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Johnston, James<\/td>\n1915<\/td>\nThe Place-Names of England and Wales<\/em><\/td>\nLondon:\u00a0 John Murray<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kenyon, Denise<\/td>\n1991<\/td>\nThe Origins of Lancashire<\/em><\/td>\nManchester:\u00a0 University Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Leech, Geoffrey<\/td>\n2006<\/td>\nThe unique heritage of place-names in North-West England<\/em><\/td>\nhttps:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk<\/a> > leechg > leech_2006<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lewis, William<\/td>\n2011<\/td>\nWhat\u2019s in an English Place-Name?<\/em><\/td>\nAbingdon:\u00a0 Brazen Head Publishing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
March, Henry Colley<\/td>\n1880<\/td>\nEast Lancashire Nomenclature and Rochdale Names<\/em><\/td>\nLondon:\u00a0 Simpkin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mikes, George<\/td>\n1946<\/td>\nHow to be an Alien<\/em><\/td>\nLondon:\u00a0 Penguin Books<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Miller, David<\/td>\n2018\/2022<\/td>\nAltrincham Area History<\/em><\/td>\nhttps:\/\/www.altrinchamheritage.com<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mills, David<\/td>\n1976<\/td>\nThe Place Names of Lancashire<\/em><\/td>\nLondon:\u00a0 B T Batsford<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mills, A D<\/td>\n1991<\/td>\nA Dictionary of English Place Names<\/em><\/td>\nOxford:\u00a0 University Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Moorman, F W<\/td>\n1910<\/td>\nPlace-Names of the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/em><\/td>\nLeeds:\u00a0 Thoresby Society<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mullineux, C Elsie & Frank Mullineux<\/td>\n1990<\/td>\nOrigins of Street Names \u2013 Worsley and Little Hulton<\/em><\/td>\nLittle Hulton:\u00a0 Streetgate Printing and Stationery<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Parkinson-Bailey, John<\/td>\n2000<\/td>\nManchester \u2013 An Architectural History<\/em><\/td>\nManchester:\u00a0 University Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Potter, Simeon<\/td>\n1955<\/td>\nCheshire Place Names<\/em><\/td>\nLiverpool:\u00a0 Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Potter, Simeon<\/td>\n1959<\/td>\nSouth-West Lancashire Place-Names<\/em><\/td>\nLiverpool:\u00a0 Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire, vol III, pages 1-23<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Poulton-Smith, Anthony<\/td>\n2012<\/td>\nCheshire Place Names<\/em><\/td>\nRoss-on-Wye:\u00a0 Fineleaf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Reaney, P H<\/td>\n1964<\/td>\nThe Origin of English Place Names<\/em><\/td>\nLondon:\u00a0 Routledge & Kegan Paul<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Room, Adrian<\/td>\n1988\/1993<\/td>\nDictionary of Place-Names of the British Isles<\/em><\/td>\nLeicester:\u00a0 Bookmart<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n1985<\/td>\nA Concise Dictionary of Modern Place Names in Great Britain and Ireland<\/em><\/td>\nOxford:\u00a0 Oxford University Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n1989<\/td>\nDictionary of World Place Names Derived from British Names<\/em><\/td>\nLondon:\u00a0 Routledge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Royle, William<\/td>\n1914<\/td>\nHistory of Rusholme<\/em><\/td>\nManchester:\u00a0 William Morris Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sephton, J<\/td>\n1913<\/td>\nA Handbook of Lancashire Place-Names<\/em><\/td>\nLiverpool:\u00a0 H Young & Sons<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Slater, Terry R<\/td>\n2004<\/td>\nPlanning English medieval \u2018street towns\u2019: the Hertfordshire evidence <\/em><\/td>\nhttps:\/\/www.researchgate.net \u203a publication \u203a 27174965…<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Stewart, George R<\/td>\n1970<\/td>\nA Concise Dictionary of American Place-Names<\/em><\/td>\nNew York:\u00a0 Oxford University Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sussex, Gay, Peter Helm & Andrew Brown<\/td>\n1987<\/td>\nLooking Back at Levenshulme and Burnage<\/em><\/td>\nAltrincham:\u00a0 Willow Publishing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Smith, A H<\/td>\n1956a<\/td>\nEnglish Place-Name Elements, Part I<\/em><\/td>\nCambridge:\u00a0 University Press\/English Place-Name Society<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1956b<\/td>\nEnglish Place-Name Elements, Part II<\/em><\/td>\nCambridge:\u00a0 University Press\/English Place-Name Society<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1986<\/td>\nThe Place-Names of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Part II\u00a0 Osgoldcross and Agbrigg Wapentakes<\/em><\/td>\nCambridge:\u00a0 University Press\/English Place-Name Society<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Swain, N V<\/td>\n1987<\/td>\nA History of Sale<\/em><\/td>\nWilmslow:\u00a0 Sigma Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Watts, Victor<\/td>\n2004<\/td>\nThe Cambridge Dictionary of English Place-Names<\/em><\/td>\nCambridge:\u00a0 Cambridge University Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Waugh, Edwin<\/td>\n1855 & 1857<\/td>\nLancashire Sketches<\/em><\/td>\nManchester:\u00a0 John Heywood<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Wyld, Henry & T Oakes Hirst<\/td>\n1911<\/td>\nThe Place Names of Lancashire:\u00a0 their Origin and History<\/em><\/td>\nLondon:\u00a0 Constable & Co.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

APPENDIX 1:\u00a0 DOMESDAY BOOK ENTRIES FOR GREATER MANCHESTER<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Following the conquest of 1066, William I ordered a survey of the whole of England to record all settlements and properties to determine what taxes would be due.\u00a0 This was completed as the Domesday Book in 1086-1087 and recorded 13,418 places in total.\u00a0 Approximately 600 were in what are now Cheshire<\/strong> and Lancashire<\/strong>, but only 23 were in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is sometimes said that William\u2019s surveyors were less than diligent when it came to the north of England, but it is more likely that the genocidal \u2018harrying of the north\u2019 of 1069-1070, in which William\u2019s armies killed up to 150,000 people, left much of the north west \u2018waste\u2019 \u2013 uninhabited and of little value \u2013 as can be seen from many of the entries below.<\/em><\/p>\n

The overall picture is of sparsely-populated woodland and ploughed arable land, with details of the dimensions and taxable value.\u00a0 The reduced values are another indication of the effects of the harrying.\u00a0 There are several mentions of hawks\u2019 nests – a sign of the earls\u2019 love of hunting.\u00a0 <\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

BAGULEY (Bagelei) <\/strong>Ranulph and Hamo hold Sinderland Green and Baguley.\u00a0 Aleard and Sucga and Wudumannm and Pat held it as 4 manors and were free men.\u00a0 There is 1 hide paying geld.\u00a0 There is land for 1\u00bd ploughs.\u00a0 The whole is waste.\u00a0 [Before 1066] it was worth 3s.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOLTON (Bodeltun) <\/strong>6 carucates<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOWDON (Bogedone)\u00a0 <\/strong>The same Hamo holds Bowdon.\u00a0 Alweard held it and was a free man.\u00a0 There is land for 2 ploughs.\u00a0 There 2 Frenchman have 1 plough.\u00a0 There is priest and a church to which half of his hide belongs.\u00a0 There is a mill rendering 16s.\u00a0 it is worth 3s.\u00a0 It was waste and he found it so.\u00a0 <\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRAMHALL (Bramale)\u00a0 <\/strong>The same Hamo holds Bramhall.\u00a0 Brun and Hakun held it as 2 manors and were free men.\u00a0 There is 1 hide paying geld.\u00a0 There is land for 6 ploughs.\u00a0 There 1 radman and 2 villans and 2 bordars have 1 plough.\u00a0 There is woodland half a league long and as much wide, and half an enclosure, and 1 acre of meadow.\u00a0 It was worth 32s; now 5s.\u00a0 He found it waste.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BREDBURY (Bretberie) <\/strong>\u00a0The same Richard de Vernon holds Bredbury, and Wulfric holds of him, who is also a free man.\u00a0 There is one hide paying geld.\u00a0 There is land for 3 ploughs.\u00a0 There 1 radman and 6 villans and 2 bordars have 1 plough.\u00a0 There is woodland 1 league long and half a league wide and 3 enclosures and 1 hawk eyrie.\u00a0 [Before 1066] it was worth 10s; now the same.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEADLE (Cedde) <\/strong>Gamal holds Cheadle of the earl.\u00a0 His father held it as a free man.\u00a0 There are 2 hides paying geld.\u00a0 There is land for 6 ploughs.\u00a0 In desmesne is 1 plough and 2 oxmen; and 4 villans and 3 bordars with 2 ploughs.\u00a0 There is woodland 1 league long and half wide, and an enclosure and a hawk\u2019s eyrie, and 1 acre of meadow.\u00a0 It was and is worth 10s.\u00a0 The whole manor is 2 leagues long and 1 wide.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CRIMBLES (Crimeles) <\/strong>In Preston \u2026. Crimbles 1 carucate<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DUNHAM (MASSEY)<\/strong>\u00a0 (Doneham)<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0The same Hamo holds Dunham.\u00a0 Alweard held it and was a free man.\u00a0 There is 1 hide paying geld.\u00a0 There is land for 3 ploughs.\u00a0 In demesne is 1 plough and 2 oxmen, and 2 villans and 1 bordar, and 1 acre of woodland, and in the city 1 house.\u00a0 It was worth 12s; 10s.\u00a0 It was waste.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREENHALGH (> GREENMOUNT) (Greneholf) \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>In Preston \u2026 Greenhalgh 3<\/em> c<\/strong>arucates<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HALE (Hale)<\/strong>\u00a0 The same Hamo holds Hale.\u00a0 Alweard held it.\u00a0 There is 1 hide paying geld.\u00a0 There is land for 2\u00bd ploughs.\u00a0 There 3 villans with 1 radman have 2 ploughs.\u00a0 There is woodland 1 league long and a half wide, and an enclosure, and a hawk\u2019s eyrie, and half an acre of meadow.\u00a0 [Before 1066] it was worth 15s; now 12s.\u00a0 He found it waste.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLLINGWORTH (Holisurde)\u00a0 <\/strong>The earl himself holds \u2026 Hollingworth at 1 virgate.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LONGDENDALE (Langedenedale)\u00a0 <\/strong>In Longdendale \u2026 had 4 bovates of land to the geld. \u2026 The whole of Longdendale is waste. There is woodland, not for pasture but suitable for hunting.\u00a0 The whole is 8 leagues long and 4 leagues broad.\u00a0 [Before 1066] it was worth 40s.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LUDWORTH (Lodeuorde)\u00a0 <\/strong>In Ludworth Brun had 4 bovates of land.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER\u00a0 <\/strong>The Church of St Mary and the Church of St Michael held in Manchester 1 carucate of land quit of every customary due except geld.\u00a0 <\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEWTON (Neweton)\u00a0 <\/strong>In Newton Leofric and Leofnoth had 3 carucates of land to the geld.\u00a0 There is land for 5 ploughs.\u00a0 There is now 1 plough in demesne, and 13 villans and 4 bordars having 5 ploughs.\u00a0 There is a priest having 1 bordar, and 7 acres of meadow.\u00a0 There is woodland pasture 1 league long and a half broad.\u00a0 [Before 1066] worth \u00a34; now 30s.\u00a0 Ralph holds it.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORBURY (Nordberie)\u00a0 <\/strong>The same Bigod holds Norbury.\u00a0 Brun held it and was a free man.\u00a0 There is 1 hide paying geld.\u00a0 There is land for 4 ploughs.\u00a0 There is one radman with 3 bordars has 1 plough.\u00a0 There is 1 acre of meadow, woodland 5 leagues long and 3 leagues wide, and 5 enclosures there.\u00a0 It was worth 10s; now 3s.\u00a0 He found it waste.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORTHENDEN (Norwordine)\u00a0 <\/strong>\u00a0Ranulph and Bigod hold of the earl Northenden.\u00a0 Wulfgeat held it as 1 manor and was a free man.\u00a0 There is 1 hide paying geld.\u00a0 There is land for 2 ploughs.\u00a0 It is waste.\u00a0 There is a church and 2 furlongs of woodland.\u00a0 It is worth 3s.\u00a0 [Before 1066] it was worth 10s.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RADCLIFFE (Radeclive)\u00a0 <\/strong>King Edward held Radcliffe as a manor.\u00a0 There is 1 hide and another hide belonging to Salford.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROCHDALE (Recedham)\u00a0 <\/strong>Gamal, holdiomg 2 hides in Rochdale, was quit of his customs except these 6:\u00a0 housebreaking, highway robbery, breach of the king\u2019s peace, breach of a due date set by the reeve, continuance of fighting after the oath was made.\u00a0 For these he paid a fine of 40s.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROMILEY (Rumelie) <\/strong>\u00a0The earl himself holds \u2026Romiley at 1 virgate \u2026. The whole was and is waste. <\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SALFORD <\/strong>\u00a0King Edward held Salford.\u00a0 There are 3 hides and 12 carucates of waste land and forest 3 leagues long and as much broad and there are several enclosures and a hawk\u2019s eyrie\u2026. The whole manor of Salford with the hundred rendered \u00a337.4s.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SINDERLAND (Sundreland)\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>See Baguley<\/strong><\/em> above.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WARBURTON (Wareburgetune) <\/strong>\u00a0Rawn held it and was a free man.\u00a0 There is half a hide paying geld.\u00a0 There is land for 1 plough.\u00a0 There is 1 radman and 2 villans and 1 bordar with half a plough.\u00a0 It was worth 5s [before 1066]; now 2s.\u00a0 It was waste.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

APPENDIX 2:\u00a0 LOWRY LOCATIONS IN GREATER MANCHESTER <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Of all the cities in Britain, 20th<\/sup>-century Manchester is probably the best documented, largely through the work of Laurence Stephen Lowry (1887-1976).\u00a0 Lowry was born in Stretford and spent his youth in Rusholme, but the family moved to Pendlebury in 1909.\u00a0 He studied at the Manchester School of Art, where he was taught by the French Impressionist, Adolphe Valette (see<\/em> Appendix 3), and later at the Royal Technical Institute in Salford.\u00a0 Although he was recognised as an accomplished artist during his lifetime, he continued to work for a property company until his retirement in 1952.\u00a0 He moved to Mottram in Longdendale in 1948 and died in hospital in Glossop at the age of 88.<\/p>\n

Many of Lowry\u2019s works are \u2018composites\u2019, combining elements from different places with imaginary scenes.\u00a0 However, many do depict actual identifiable places in what is now Greater Manchester.\u00a0 These locations are listed below.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
LOCATION<\/strong><\/td>\nTITLE<\/strong><\/td>\nDATE<\/strong><\/td>\nNOTES<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
ADELPHI<\/td>\nThe River Irwell at the Adelphi<\/em><\/td>\n1924<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AGECROFT<\/td>\nAgecroft Regatta<\/em><\/td>\n1949<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ANCOATS<\/td>\nGreat Ancoats Street<\/em><\/td>\nc.1929<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Great Ancoats Street, Manchester<\/em><\/td>\n1930<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ancoats Hospital Outpatients\u2019 Hall<\/em><\/td>\n1952<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ancoats Hospital Outpatients\u2019 Hall<\/em><\/td>\nu\/d<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASHTON-UNDER-LYNE<\/td>\nIndustrial Landscape<\/em><\/td>\n1952<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROUGHTON<\/td>\nA View from the Window of Royal Technical College, Salford, Looking towards Broughton<\/em><\/td>\n1925<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Houses in Broughton<\/em><\/td>\n1937<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BURNDEN<\/td>\nGoing to the Match<\/em><\/td>\n1953<\/td>\nBolton Wanderers\u2019 football ground<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEADLE HULME<\/td>\nThe Drive, \u2018Oaklands\u2019<\/em><\/td>\n1947<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Portrait of a House<\/em><\/td>\nc.1947<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Portrait of a House<\/em><\/td>\n1954<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHORLTON-ON-MEDLOCK<\/td>\nDavid Lloyd George\u2019s Birthplace<\/em><\/td>\n1958<\/td>\nHouse demolished 1957<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLIFTON<\/td>\nWet Earth Colliery, Clifton<\/em><\/td>\n1925<\/td>\nNow Clifton Country Park<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Clifton Junction, Morning<\/em><\/td>\n1910<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Clifton Junction, Evening<\/em><\/td>\n1910<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A Footbridge<\/em><\/td>\n1944<\/td>\nPack Saddle or Roving Bridge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COLLYHURST<\/td>\nA Footbridge<\/em><\/td>\n1938<\/td>\nAlso known as \u2018Barney\u2019s Steps\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CORONATION STREET, Salford<\/td>\nCoronation Street<\/em><\/td>\n1957<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CRIME LAKE<\/td>\nCrime Lake<\/em><\/td>\n1942<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROWTHER STREET, Stockport<\/td>\nCrowther Street, Stockport<\/em><\/td>\n1930<\/td>\nOriginal houses demolished in the 1960s but restored early in the 2000s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Crowther Street, Stockport<\/em><\/td>\n1934<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DAISY NOOK, Droylsden<\/td>\nLancashire Fair, Good Friday, Daisy Nook<\/em><\/td>\n1946<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Fairground<\/em><\/td>\n1949<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fairground at Daisy Nook<\/em><\/td>\n1956<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DIXON FOLD<\/td>\nWet Earth Colliery, Clifton<\/em><\/td>\n1925<\/td>\nNow Clifton Country Park<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ECCLES<\/td>\nEccles Railway Station<\/em><\/td>\n1963<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EXCHANGE STATION<\/td>\nStation Approach<\/em><\/td>\n1960<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Station Approach<\/em><\/td>\n1962<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FAILSWORTH<\/td>\nOld Road, Failsworth<\/em><\/td>\n1957<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Children Playing, Old Road, Failsworth<\/em><\/td>\n1957<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FAIRFIELD<\/td>\nThe Canal Bridge<\/em><\/td>\n1944<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GATLEY<\/td>\nThe Empty House<\/em><\/td>\n1934<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Old House<\/em><\/td>\n1936<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Old House, Gatley<\/em><\/td>\n1937<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GAYTHORN<\/td>\nOldfield Road Dwelling<\/em><\/td>\n1927<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Oldfield Road Dwellings<\/em><\/td>\n1929<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River IRWELL<\/td>\nThe River Irwell at the Adelphi<\/em><\/td>\n1924<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A View of the River Irwell from Peel Park<\/em><\/td>\n1924<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River Irwell at Salford<\/em><\/td>\nc.1924<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River Scene\/Industrial Landscape<\/em><\/td>\n1935<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Lake<\/em><\/td>\n1937<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River Scene<\/em><\/td>\n1942<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River Irwell at Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1947<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A River Bank<\/em><\/td>\n1947<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Agecroft Regatta<\/em><\/td>\n1948<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER<\/td>\nSt John\u2019s Church, Deansgate<\/em><\/td>\n1920<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sketch of St John\u2019s, Manchester<\/em><\/td>\nc.1920<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
St John\u2019s Church, Manchester<\/em><\/td>\n1928<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Viaduct, Store Street, Manchester<\/em><\/td>\n1929<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
St John\u2019s Church<\/em><\/td>\n1938<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A Footbridge<\/em><\/td>\n1938<\/td>\nCollyhurst footbridge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
After the Blitz<\/em><\/td>\n1942<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Manchester Blitz\/St Augustine\u2019s Church, Hulme<\/em><\/td>\n1943<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Going to Work<\/em><\/td>\n1943<\/td>\nMather & Platt Works<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Going to Work<\/em><\/td>\n1944<\/td>\nMather & Platt Works<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
St Augustine\u2019s Church, Manchester<\/em><\/td>\n1945<\/td>\nDestroyed in Manchester blitz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Industrial Landscape<\/em><\/td>\n1955<\/td>\nMather & Platt Works<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Reference Library<\/em><\/td>\n1972<\/td>\nNow Manchester Central Library<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MIDDLETON<\/td>\nOld Church and Steps<\/em><\/td>\n1960<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOTTRAM-IN-LONGDENDALE<\/td>\nAgricultural Fair<\/em><\/td>\n1949<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Hat Rack <\/em><\/td>\n1966<\/td>\nLowry\u2019s home:<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEEL PARK, Salford<\/td>\nPeel Park Sketch<\/em><\/td>\n1919<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Peel Park Sketch<\/em><\/td>\n1920<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bandstand, Peel Park<\/em><\/td>\n1924<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A View of the River Irwell from Peel Park<\/em><\/td>\n1924<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A View from the Window of Royal Technical College, Salford, Looking towards Manchester<\/em><\/td>\n1924<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bandstand, Peel Park<\/em><\/td>\n1925<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A View from the Window of Royal Technical College, Salford, Looking towards Broughton<\/em><\/td>\n1925<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Terrace, Peel Park, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1927<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Peel Park, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1927<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Peel Park, Sketch<\/em><\/td>\nc.1927<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bandstand, Peel Park<\/em><\/td>\n1928<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Steps, Peel Park, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1930<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Bandstand, Peel Park<\/em><\/td>\n1931<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Peel Park, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1944<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Park<\/em><\/td>\n1946<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Bandstand, Peel Park<\/em><\/td>\nc.1954<\/td>\nDate tbc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PENDLEBURY<\/td>\nSt Augustine\u2019s Church, Pendlebury<\/em><\/td>\n1920<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
St Augustine\u2019s Church, Pendlebury<\/em><\/td>\n1924<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Old Farm in Pendlebury<\/em><\/td>\n1925<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
St Augustine\u2019s Church, Pendlebury<\/em><\/td>\n1930<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pendlebury Scene<\/em><\/td>\n1931<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Street Scene<\/em><\/td>\n1935<\/td>\nAcme Mill<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
View in Pendlebury<\/em><\/td>\n1936<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Figures in a Lane<\/em><\/td>\n1936<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Procession<\/em><\/td>\n1937<\/td>\nAnnual Whit-Thursday procession<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Albion Mill<\/em><\/td>\n1941<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Winter in Pendlebury<\/em><\/td>\n1943<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Mill, Pendlebury<\/em><\/td>\n1943<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mill Scene with Figures<\/em><\/td>\n1944<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Iron Works<\/em><\/td>\n1947<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Street in Pendlebury<\/em><\/td>\n1948<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pendlebury Market<\/em><\/td>\nu\/d<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Railway Platform<\/em><\/td>\n1953<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PICCADILLY<\/td>\nPiccadilly<\/em><\/td>\n1930<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Piccadilly Gardens<\/em><\/td>\n1954<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Piccadilly, Manchester<\/em><\/td>\nc.1957<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
POLICE STREET, Eccles<\/td>\nThe Arrest<\/em><\/td>\n1927<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PRESTWICH<\/td>\nPrestwich Clough<\/em><\/td>\n1914<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RAMSBOTTOM<\/td>\nThe Railway Steps, Ramsbottom<\/em><\/td>\n1945<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Steps<\/em><\/td>\n1957<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RICHMOND HILL, Salford<\/td>\nRichmond Hill, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1925<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Richmond Hill, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1957<\/td>\nDate tbc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ST MICHAEL\u2019S FLAGS & ANGEL MEADOW PARK<\/td>\nPlayground<\/em><\/td>\nc.1927<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Steps, Irk Place<\/em><\/td>\n1928<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lancashire Street<\/em><\/td>\n1929<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
St Michael\u2019s Church and All Angels \u2013 Study<\/em><\/td>\n1933<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
View of a Town<\/em><\/td>\n1936<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
St Michael\u2019s Church and All Angels<\/em><\/td>\n1941<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Street Scene<\/em><\/td>\n1941<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Britain at Play<\/em><\/td>\n1943<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Street Scene with Figures<\/em><\/td>\n1944<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Street Scene<\/em><\/td>\n1947<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ST PETER\u2019S SQUARE<\/td>\nReference Library<\/em><\/td>\n1972<\/td>\nBuilt 1930-34; now Central Library<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SALFORD<\/td>\nSalford Street Scene<\/em><\/td>\n1922<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Flat Iron Market<\/em><\/td>\nc.1925<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Belle Vue House, Leaf Square, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1925<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Behind Leaf Square<\/em><\/td>\n1925<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The County Court<\/em><\/td>\n1926<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Tower, Leaf Square<\/em><\/td>\n1926<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
An Old Lamp, Behind Leaf Square<\/em><\/td>\n1926<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
By Christ Church, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1926<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
By the County Court, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1926<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
By St Philip\u2019s Church, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1926<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hulme Place, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1926<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Dwelling, Ordsall Lane, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1927<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A Street Scene, St Simon\u2019s Church<\/em><\/td>\n1927<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
St Simon\u2019s Church <\/em><\/td>\nc.1927<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A Street Scene, St Simon\u2019s Church<\/em><\/td>\n1928<\/td>\nChurch demolished in 1927<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Salford Street Scene<\/em><\/td>\n1928<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Gateway<\/em><\/td>\n1931<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Corner Shop<\/em><\/td>\n1943<\/td>\nIslington Square<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A Footbridge<\/em><\/td>\n1944<\/td>\nPack Saddle or Roving Bridge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Old House, Grove Street, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1948<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Factory Gate<\/em><\/td>\n1951<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Early Morning<\/em><\/td>\n1954<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
St Stephen\u2019s Church, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1956<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Chapel, St Stephen\u2019s Church, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1956<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
North James Henry Street, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1956<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Christ Church, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1956<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Francis Terrace, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1956<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Francis Street, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1957<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sunday Afternoon<\/em><\/td>\n1957<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Man Going to Work\/Figure in a Gateway<\/em><\/td>\n1964<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Church in Salford\/St Philip\u2019s Church<\/em><\/td>\n1965<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STOCKPORT<\/td>\nThe Stepped Street<\/em><\/td>\n1929<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mealhouse Brow<\/em><\/td>\n1929<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Crowther Street, Stockport<\/em><\/td>\n1930<\/td>\nOriginal houses demolished in the 1960s but restored early in the 2000s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Crowther Street, Stockport<\/em><\/td>\n1934<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Stockport Viaduct<\/em><\/td>\n1942<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Stockport Viaduct<\/em><\/td>\n1943<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Stockport Viaduct<\/em><\/td>\n1944<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Viaduct, Stockport<\/em><\/td>\nc.1950s<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Old Steps, Mealhouse Brow<\/em><\/td>\n1969<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SWINTON<\/td>\nArden\u2019s Farm<\/em><\/td>\nc.1909<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Wardley Farm, Swinton Moss<\/em><\/td>\n1913<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
St Mary\u2019s Church, Swinton<\/em><\/td>\n1913<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Swinton Moss<\/em><\/td>\n1922<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Swinton Industrial Schools<\/em><\/td>\n1930<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
St Mary\u2019s Church, Swinton<\/em><\/td>\n1960<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOMMYFIELDS MARKET, Oldham<\/td>\nSelling Oilcloth on the Oldham Road<\/em><\/td>\n1914<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Lino Market<\/em><\/td>\n1955<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WARDLEY<\/td>\nWardley Farm, Swinton Moss<\/em><\/td>\n1913<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WIGAN<\/td>\nIndustrial Landscape\/Landscape in Wigan<\/em><\/td>\n1925<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

References<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Sandling J & M Leber (2000), Lowry\u2019s City \u2013 A Painter and His Locale, <\/em>Salford:\u00a0 Lowry Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Saywell, David, Artists and Places:\u00a0 L S Lowry in Salford and Industrial Towns in Greater Manchester<\/em> (accessed 13\/09\/2024)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

APPENDIX 3:\u00a0 VALETTE LOCATIONS IN GREATER MANCHESTER<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pierre Adolphe Valette (1876-1942) was born in Saint-\u00c9tienne in France and was already something of an established painter when he came to London in 1904.\u00a0 In 1905 he moved to Manchester and initially designed cards and calendars for a printing company but in 1907 he obtained a teaching post at the Manchester Municipal School of Art, where he famously taught L S Lowry.\u00a0 Over the next 10 years he painted a series of pictures of the streets, squares, stations and bridges of foggy Manchester.\u00a0 In about 1917 he changed his style, preferring portraits and landscapes to the grimy cityscapes of Manchester.\u00a0 He resigned his teaching post in 1920 and returned to France in 1928, where he died in 1942.\u00a0 The locations of Valette\u2019s Manchester paintings are listed below.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
LOCATION<\/strong><\/td>\nPICTURE TITLE<\/strong><\/td>\nDATE<\/strong><\/td>\nNOTES<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALBERT SQUARE, Manchester<\/td>\nAlbert Square, Manchester<\/em><\/td>\n1910<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALL SAINTS\/GROSVENOR SQUARE<\/td>\nHansom Cab at All Saints<\/em><\/td>\n1910<\/td>\nAll Saints church was damaged in the blitz of 1940 and demolished in 1946<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Old Cab at All Saints<\/em><\/td>\n1911<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Presbyterian Church, All Saints<\/em><\/td>\ntbc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CENTRAL STATION<\/td>\nCentral Station<\/em><\/td>\n1910-11<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River IRWELL<\/td>\nWindsor Bridge on the Irwell<\/em><\/td>\n1909<\/td>\nActually depicts Irwell Street Bridge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Manchester Cathedral, Looking up the River Irwell from Bailey Bridge<\/em><\/td>\n1909<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bailey Bridge<\/em><\/td>\n1912<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Under Windsor Bridge on the Irwell<\/em><\/td>\n1912<\/td>\nActually depicts Irwell Street Bridge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER<\/td>\nRooftops, Manchester<\/em><\/td>\nTbc<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Manchester Cathedral, Looking up the River Irwell from Bailey Bridge<\/em><\/td>\n1909<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Plymouth Grove, July<\/em><\/td>\n1909<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Street Scene, Manchester<\/em><\/td>\n1912<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
York Street Leading to Charles Street<\/em><\/td>\n1913<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Manchester Street in the Fog<\/em><\/td>\nc.1910<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Manchester Suburban Scene<\/em><\/td>\ntbc<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER SHIP CANAL<\/td>\nShip Canal, Sunset<\/em><\/td>\nc.1908<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Manchester Ship Canal and Warehouses<\/em><\/td>\n1908<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Trafford Road Swing Bridge<\/em><\/td>\nc.1910<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Trafford Bridge and Pomona Dock<\/em><\/td>\ntbc<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tug on a Canal in Manchester<\/em><\/td>\ntbc<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River MEDLOCK<\/td>\nIndia House<\/em><\/td>\n1912<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW BAILEY BRIDGE<\/td>\nManchester Cathedral, Looking up the River Irwell from Bailey Bridge<\/em><\/td>\n1909<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bailey Bridge<\/em><\/td>\n1912<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OXFORD ROAD, Manchester<\/td>\nOxford Road, Manchester<\/em><\/td>\n1910<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Houses on Oxford Street, Sunset<\/em><\/td>\nc.1910<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PLYMOUTH GROVE, Manchester<\/td>\nPlymouth Grove, July<\/em><\/td>\n1909<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROMILEY<\/td>\nRomiley<\/em><\/td>\n1916<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ST PETER\u2019S SQUARE, Manchester<\/td>\nSt Peter\u2019s Square, Manchester<\/em><\/td>\ntbc<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SALE<\/td>\nSale, near Manchester<\/em><\/td>\n1907<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SALFORD<\/td>\nCastlegate, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1912<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WINDSOR BRIDGE<\/td>\nWindsor Bridge on the Irwell<\/em><\/td>\n1909<\/td>\nBoth paintings in fact depict the Irwell Street Bridge, not Windsor Bridge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Under Windsor Bridge on the Irwell<\/em><\/td>\n1912<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

References<\/p>\n

Martin, Sandra (2007), Adolphe Valette \u2013 A French Impressionist in Manchester<\/em>, London:\u00a0 Scala Publishers<\/p>\n

Webb, Poul, Arts and Artists:\u00a0 Adolphe Valette <\/em>(accessed 23\/11\/2024)<\/p>\n

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GREATER MANCHESTER PLACE NAMES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Compiled by Richard West<\/p>\n

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Cover image under licence from Alamy.\u00a0 Reference OY0101324868<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

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INTRODUCTION<\/strong><\/p>\n

It is now more than 50 years since the formation of Greater Manchester but there is still no full account of the place names of Britain\u2019s second-most populous county.\u00a0 Harland\u2019s gazetteer of 1862 gave the origins of many of the place names in the city of Manchester and Johnston\u2019s Place-Names of England and Wales of 1915 gave a number of names in the Manchester area, but, until 1974, most of what is now Greater Manchester was included in Lancashire and Cheshire.\u00a0 The place names of these counties have been quite well documented but most of the books dealing with these place names either pre-date 1974 or ignore the 1974 boundaries and describe places as still being in Lancashire or Cheshire, despite the fact that Greater Manchester has existed for more than 50 years and now includes many places that did not even exist in 1974.<\/p>\n

The present work explores the place names of Greater Manchester from the earliest, which probably date from the 7th<\/sup> century, to those which have emerged in the 21st<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It does not pretend to be comprehensive but is intended to be a first attempt to compile a guide to the many place names of our county.\u00a0 It is, however, very much a work in progress and it appears online so that others can contribute by filling the gaps and correcting the errors.<\/p>\n

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INTRODUCTION TO THE SECOND EDITION<\/strong><\/p>\n

This enlarged version now contains over 1500 entries \u2013 an increase of more than 50%.\u00a0 Additions and corrections have been made in the light of feedback from Mancunians across the county, and I am deeply grateful for their contributions.<\/p>\n

I have also revisited the places that were omitted from the first edition and nearly all of the towns, villages and suburbs included on modern maps have now been listed.\u00a0 Attention has also been given to the numerous rivers, streams, brooks, reservoirs and \u2018flashes\u2019 across the county which have generally been neglected by academic studies of place names in the region.\u00a0 The result is that the new edition can claim to be far more comprehensive than the first.<\/p>\n

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Contact<\/strong>:\u00a0 west46 [at] btinternet.com<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

ENTRIES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Each entry consists of the following:<\/p>\n

Place name<\/strong>:\u00a0 There is no hard and fast definition of \u2018place\u2019 \u2013 most of the places included are settlements or natural features, but streets and individual buildings are generally not listed, although there are notable exceptions.\u00a0 The starting was the list of places and areas in the AZ Greater Manchester Street Atlas, and the origins of about 90% of these places have been traced and listed.\u00a0\u00a0 Other places, particularly rivers, brooks and parks, have been added.\u00a0 Obvious or derived place names such as Salford Town Hall or West Didsbury are not included.<\/p>\n

Location<\/strong>:\u00a0 Which metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester the place can be found in.<\/p>\n

Date<\/strong>:\u00a0 When the place was first recorded, although many places may have existed for many years, even centuries, before we find any documentary evidence of their existence, typically in the first Ordnance Survey maps of the 19th<\/sup> century.<\/p>\n

Variations<\/strong>:\u00a0 Variant names and spellings are indicated briefly.<\/p>\n

Meaning<\/strong>:\u00a0 The literal meaning of the name where this is not self-evident.<\/p>\n

Etymology<\/strong>:\u00a0 The derivation of each name, with the language of origin or the personal name of an eponym where known.\u00a0 Where an etymology is uncertain, this is indicated, as are alternative possibilities.<\/p>\n

Cross references<\/strong> to other place names in the book (marked in bold).<\/p>\n

Appendices<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nAppendix 1<\/strong><\/td>\nDomesday Book entries for Greater Manchester<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nAppendix 2<\/strong><\/td>\nLowry locations in Greater Manchester<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nAppendix 3<\/strong><\/td>\nValette locations in Greater Manchester<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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GLOSSARY<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Aspirational<\/strong> place names are names that are consciously chosen to reflect the hopes that the inhabitants have for their future lives in that place.\u00a0 An early example is Breightmet<\/strong>, meaning \u2018beautiful meadow\u2019 and recorded in 1257.\u00a0 Later on, it was often a hope to escape from the \u2018dark satanic mills\u2019 of the industrial revolution in Greater Manchester.\u00a0 Examples include Belle Vue<\/strong>, Fairfield<\/strong>, Flowery Field<\/strong>, Garden Suburb<\/strong>, Lark Hill<\/strong> and Hazel Grove<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Eponyms<\/strong> are words derived from the name of a person.\u00a0 Eponyms are widely used as place names across the world.\u00a0 In the Greater Manchester area many eponymic place names date from the Anglo-Saxon period.\u00a0 In these cases, their names have survived far longer than any memory or record of who they were or what they did.\u00a0 Some eponyms are much later, dating from the 18th<\/sup> or 19th<\/sup> centuries \u2013 Ashburys<\/strong>, Bridgewater<\/strong> Canal<\/strong>, Brooklands<\/strong> and Simister<\/strong> \u2013 and in most cases we know the name of the person they are named for and often a lot about their lives and why they have been commemorated in a place name.\u00a0 The person whose surname gives us the most eponyms in Greater Manchester is Sir Robert Peel<\/em> (1788-1850), a former prime minister and founder of the modern police force, who was born in Bury and who is commemorated in Peel Park<\/strong>, Peel Tower<\/strong> and (more obliquely) the Peel Centre <\/strong>in Stockport. \u00a0However, eponyms can also be taken from a person\u2019s forename.\u00a0 The most common are names of queens \u2013 Victoria <\/strong>and Alexandra<\/strong> \u2013 but there also examples from unknown people, mostly landowners or farmers (e.g. Bryan Hey<\/strong>, Dick Hill<\/strong>, Ellenor Brook<\/strong>, Mode Wheel<\/strong>, Norman Hill, Patricroft<\/strong>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Etymology<\/strong> is the study of the origin and history of a word, tracing it back to its original language and form, and often the date when it was first recorded.\u00a0 Many place names in Greater Manchester can be traced back more than a thousand years, with places derived from Celtic or Old Welsh (including the first element of Manchester<\/strong>), a few from Latin (Viridor<\/strong>, the second element of Manchester<\/strong>), Old Norse, Old English, Norman French, Modern French (Belle Vue<\/strong>), Gaelic (Ducie Bridge<\/strong>), Spanish (Calamanco<\/strong>), Greek (Adelphi<\/strong>, Eccles<\/strong>), Hebrew (Jericho<\/strong>, Salem<\/strong>), Catalan (Montserrat<\/strong>) and Arabic (Etihad<\/strong>).\u00a0 In a good many cases the etymology may be uncertain or even unknown.\u00a0 In these cases, this is indicated and different theories or suggestions are given.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Folk etymology<\/strong> is a false derivation which may be commonly believed but which is not true or accurate.\u00a0 Examples from Greater Manchester include Adswood<\/strong> (often said to be \u2018Adders\u2019 wood\u2019), Denton <\/strong>(\u2018Dane town\u2019), Gorton<\/strong> (\u2018gore town\u2019), Oldham<\/strong> (said to be derived from owls), Reddish<\/strong> (\u2018blood red\u2019 from an ancient battle), Salford<\/strong> (\u2018salt\u2019 + \u2018ford\u2019) and Wigan<\/strong> (said to be from the Wiggin tree).\u00a0 Most notably, it is often believed that the first element of Manchester<\/strong> is derived from \u2018adult male\u2019, despite its actual female origins, and there continue to be campaigns to change the name of the city or its football teams.<\/p>\n

Folk etymology is sometimes included in and perpetuated by a place\u2019s coat of arms.\u00a0 Examples in Greater Manchester include Bolton<\/strong> (said to derive from a crossbow bolt<\/em>), Oldham (owl <\/em>+ ham) and Wigan (the coat of arms depicts a wiggin <\/em>tree).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Gentrification\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>Manchester was well aware of its grim industrial reputation and sometimes transferred place names from more affluent or fashionable and aristocratic areas in order to \u2018gentrify\u2019 a neighbourhood.\u00a0 This practice seems to have begun in the 16th<\/sup> century, when Spring Gardens was developed in Manchester around the Fountain Street, and the surrounding streets were given names from those around Spring Gardens in London \u2013 Cheapside, Chancery Lane, Bow Lane, Half Moon Street and Milk Street.\u00a0 It was also common at the end of the 18th<\/sup> century, when names such as Adelphi<\/strong>, Piccadilly<\/strong>, New Islington<\/strong>, Oxford Road<\/strong>, Grosvenor<\/strong> Square<\/strong>, Paddington<\/strong> and New Windsor<\/strong> were all adopted.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hybrids <\/strong>are place names which are composed of elements from two or more different languages.\u00a0 The most conspicuous example is Manchester<\/strong>, in which the Celtic mamm<\/em> (\u2018breast\u2019) is combined with the Old English ceaster<\/em> (\u2018Roman fort\u2019) from Latin castra <\/em>(\u2018camp\u2019).\u00a0 Almost uniquely, Cheadle Hulme<\/strong> combines elements from three languages:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cheadle is a hybrid:\u00a0 the Celtic c\u0113d<\/em>, meaning \u2018wood\u2019, + Old English l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018clearing\u2019) + Old Danish hulme<\/em>, meaning \u2018raised ground in a marsh\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rationalisation<\/strong> is the process of altering the spelling of a place name so that it conforms to modern spelling and the name seems to become more transparent, even though it may have nothing to do with its actual etymology.\u00a0\u00a0 A notable example is Strangeways<\/strong>, which is not derived from either \u2018strange\u2019 or \u2018ways\u2019.\u00a0 It is actually derived from Old English strang<\/em>, \u2018strong\u2019, and waesce<\/em>, meaning ‘flooding’, but this meaning was lost and the modern spelling was adopted as early as 1326 by those trying to find meaning in its name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Reduplication <\/strong>is a process whereby two elements in the place name mean the same, usually because the meaning of the first element has been lost.\u00a0 An example is Platt Bridge<\/strong>, where Middle English platt<\/em> means \u2018bridge\u2019 and the addition of Modern English bridge<\/em> is tautologous.\u00a0 Other examples include Calderbrook<\/strong>, Cheadle<\/strong>, Glodwick<\/strong>, Pendlebury<\/strong>, Wardle<\/strong> and Whittle Hill<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Standardisation<\/strong> is the process by which disputed names or spellings become fixed or standardised by the need to choose one through a formal naming process. This process was especially notable in the 19th<\/sup> century when the Ordnance Survey, the railway companies and the Post Office had to decide which name or spelling would be used.\u00a0 One example in Greater Manchester is Bramhall<\/strong>, where the 19th-century owner of the local country house insisted on Bramall without an H but the Manchester & Birmingham Railway chose Bramhall with an H when it named its station in 1845.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Transfer\u00a0 <\/strong>A number of place names in Greater Manchester have been transferred from places elsewhere.\u00a0 This may be because the original place had special significance (Blackfriars<\/strong>, Denzell Gardens<\/strong>, Kingston<\/strong>, Maine Road<\/strong>, New Manchester<\/strong>, Whalley Range<\/strong>, Bruntwood<\/strong>, Richmond Hill<\/strong>) or was the site of a military victory or defeat (Alma Park<\/strong>, Bunker Hill<\/strong>, Crown Point<\/strong>, Gallipoli Gardens<\/strong>, Gibraltar<\/strong>, Victory<\/strong>, Waterloo<\/strong>, Trafalgar Square<\/strong>), or, most recently, celebrates the twinning of towns in Greater Manchester with European towns (Armentieres Square<\/strong>, Peine Square<\/strong>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

TIMELINE OF GREATER MANCHESTER PLACE NAMES <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
The timeline below highlights the main eras and dates in the history of Greater Manchester and shows how place names across the county exemplify the naming practices of its inhabitants at those times.\u00a0 The names in bold are included as main entries in the dictionary.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
THE CELTS<\/strong><\/p>\n

c.750 BC onwards<\/td>\n

The Celts were living in north-west England from about the 8th<\/sup> century BC but they were either displaced or assimilated by later invaders.\u00a0 Few of their place names survive.\u00a0 As elsewhere in England, the names of many of the rivers of what is now Greater Manchester are possibly of Celtic origin:\u00a0 Calder<\/strong>, Douglas<\/strong>, Glaze<\/strong>, Goyt<\/strong>, Irk<\/strong> and Tame<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area would have been sparsely populated but several place names provide evidence of Celtic occupation around Wigan:\u00a0 Wigan<\/strong> itself, Bryn<\/strong>, Culcheth<\/strong>, Ince-in-Makerfield<\/strong>, Kenyon<\/strong>, Pemberton<\/strong> and Shevington<\/strong>, and Cheadle<\/strong>, Cheetham<\/strong> and Cheetwood<\/strong> all share the same Celtic root (c\u0113d<\/em> \u2018wood\u2019), suggesting that all were Celtic settlements at an early date, and it has been suggested that this area has one of the heaviest concentrations of Celtic names in England.<\/p>\n

The Celts are also recalled in Wallgate <\/strong>and Walton<\/strong>, both derived from the Anglo-Saxon term for the Celts \u2013 the wealh <\/em>(i.e. the Welsh).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

ROMANS<\/strong><\/p>\n

AD 78 AD – 410<\/td>\n

In AD 78-86 the Roman invaders built a fort that is usually said to have been named Mamucium<\/strong>, derived from the Celtic for \u2018breast-shaped hill\u2019.\u00a0 The name was later Anglicised as Manchester<\/strong>, preserving the Latin castra<\/em> (\u2018camp\u2019).\u00a0 The Roman legions abandoned their fort in about AD 410, but, despite this long occupation, there are no place names in Greater Manchester preserving the original Latin, although some seem to be translations of earlier Latin names.\u00a0 Suggestions that Manchester\u2019s River Tib <\/strong>may have been named after the Tiber<\/em> in Rome may simply be fanciful.<\/p>\n

Although there are no place names in Greater Manchester which are derived from Latin, there are several Anglo-Saxon names which acknowledge Roman forts:\u00a0 Alport<\/strong>, Castlefield<\/strong>, Castleshaw<\/strong> and Littleborough<\/strong>.\u00a0 Old English str\u01e3t <\/em>in Stretford <\/strong>and Trafford<\/strong> refers to the Roman road to Chester.<\/p>\n

It should be noted that Roman Lakes<\/strong> Leisure Park was a 19th<\/sup>-century invention that had nothing to do with the Romans.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

ANGLO-SAXONS<\/strong><\/p>\n

c. AD 450 onwards<\/td>\n

The majority of Greater Manchester place names recorded before the industrial revolution are derived from Old English \u2013 the language of the Anglo-Saxon invaders who spread over much of England from the 5th<\/sup> century onwards.\u00a0 They generally constructed their place names from two or three elements:\u00a0 a generic element identifying the type of place it was and another element coming first to distinguish it from others with the same generic element.\u00a0 So, for example, Heaton <\/strong>(\u2018high village\u2019) was distinguished from Lowton<\/strong> (\u2018low village\u2019).\u00a0 The Anglo-Saxons used several main types of elements:<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n\u00a8<\/td>\nEponyms <\/strong>\u00a0Many Anglo-Saxon places were named after leaders, but, of course, we know little or nothing of the men and women who gave their names to Ardwick<\/strong>, Baguley<\/strong>, Cadishaw<\/strong>, Chorlton<\/strong>, Crumpsall<\/strong>, or Pilsworth<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is often easy to spot an Anglo-Saxon eponym as any name formed with -ing-<\/em> (\u2018followers, people of\u2019) + –t\u016bn <\/em>(\u2018village, estate, etc\u2019) is likely to be named after an Anglo-Saxon leader \u2013 Brinnington<\/strong>, Dumplington<\/strong>, Partington<\/strong>, Pennington<\/strong>, Pilkington<\/strong>, Shevington<\/strong>, Torkington<\/strong>, Tottington<\/strong>, Withington<\/strong> and Worthington<\/strong>.\u00a0 For some reason, there are no longer any Greater Manchester names with -ing-<\/em> + –t\u016bn<\/em> to compare with Birmingham, Nottingham or Sandringham (but see earlier spelling of Altrincham<\/strong>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n\u00a8<\/td>\nTopographical <\/strong>\u00a0The second category of Anglo-Saxon place names is those derived from the geography of the area \u2013 the hills and valleys, rivers and streams, and moors and marshes.\u00a0 In the Greater Manchester area, these follow a clear pattern as the landscape changes from east to west:<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Moors<\/strong><\/td>\nMoors are barren uplands that are generally unsuitable for agriculture.\u00a0 There are over 3000 listed places with moor<\/em> as their final element, approximately half of them in Yorkshire.\u00a0 In Greater Manchester there are about 20 moor<\/em> places nearly all in the east, on the edge of the Pennines and Peaks (Moorside<\/strong>).\u00a0 In the south of the county, the old Roman road to Buxton (the A6) marks a boundary, with Great<\/strong> Moor<\/strong>, Heaton Moor, Bramhall Moor<\/strong> and Woodsmoor<\/strong> along the road and contrasting with the nearby Shaw Heath<\/strong> to the west.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mosses<\/strong><\/td>\nTo the west and north-east of the county are the mosses \u2013 bogs or swamps that often made settlement or travel difficult.\u00a0 The name and the phenomenon are distinct to north-west England, as Daniel Defoe noted:\u00a0 \u2018On the road to Manchester, we pass\u2019d the great bog or waste call\u2019d Chat Moss, the first of that kind that we see in England, from any of the south parts hither.\u00a0 It extends on the left-hand of the road for five or six miles east and west, and they told us it was, in some places, seven or eight miles from north to south.\u2019\u00a0 The element is found in at least twenty places as Barton Moss<\/strong>, Broadhead Moss<\/strong>, Chat Moss<\/strong>, Featherbed Moss<\/strong>, Hale Moss<\/strong>, Kearsley<\/strong> Moss<\/strong>, Kitt\u2019s Moss<\/strong>, Little Moss<\/strong>, Moss Side<\/strong>, Mossley<\/strong>, Moston<\/strong>, Shadow Moss<\/strong> and, somewhat corrupted, Moses Gate<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Brooks<\/strong><\/td>\nAs we have seen, most of the major rivers in Greater Manchester have names which are probably Celtic in origin, but these are fed by countless muddy brooks flowing from the east, most of which have Anglo-Saxon names.\u00a0 These brooks may flow down steep valleys or cloughs<\/em> (Stoneclough<\/strong>), gentler dales <\/em>(Rochdale<\/strong>) or long deans\/-dens<\/em> (Denton<\/strong>, Droylsden<\/strong>, Walkden<\/strong>) with paths or roads, or meander round a nook or halh <\/em>(Bramhall<\/strong>, Crumpsall<\/strong>, Hale<\/strong>, Haugh<\/strong>) or a tongue (Tonge<\/strong>, Taunton<\/strong>).\u00a0 The rivers and brooks were crossed by fords<\/em> (Salford<\/strong>, Stretford<\/strong>, Trafford<\/strong>) and later by bridges \u2013 Platt<\/strong>, meaning bridge, is found from 1212 and bridge<\/em> itself occurs in Manchester\u2019s Hanging Bridge<\/strong>, dating from 1343.\u00a0 Settlements were frequently established beside these fords and bridges.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Woods<\/strong><\/td>\nThe flood plain of Greater Manchester between the moors to the east and the mosses to the west was originally heavily wooded, although much of the forest had been cleared by the time the Anglo-Saxons arrived.\u00a0 We find many places that have wood<\/em> in their name (Woodley<\/strong>, Woodford<\/strong>, Woodhouses<\/strong>), <\/strong>but many more that are copses or shaws<\/em> (Audenshaw<\/strong>, Openshaw<\/strong>, Shaw<\/strong>, Wythenshawe<\/strong>).<\/p>\n

Amongst the woods, settlements were established in clearings, and names with the element –lee\/-leigh\/-le<\/em> meaning \u2018woodland clearing\u2019 are especially common (Leigh<\/strong>, Cheadle<\/strong>, Edgeley<\/strong>, Romiley<\/strong>, Stayley<\/strong>, Stalybridge<\/strong>, Worsley<\/strong>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

<\/td>\n\u00a8<\/td>\nVegetation<\/strong>\u00a0 There are many places named after different types of wood, although this is not always obvious\u00a0 \u2013 Ashton<\/strong>, Beech Hill<\/strong>, Birch<\/strong>, Firswood<\/strong>, Hollins<\/strong> (holly), Horwich<\/strong> (wych elm), Ogden<\/strong> (oak), Sale <\/strong>(willow), Salford<\/strong> (willow), Withington <\/strong>(willow), and Wythenshawe <\/strong>(willow).\u00a0 There are also names which are derived from the uses to which the wood was put \u2013 for making poles (Bollinhurst<\/strong>), brooms (Bramhall<\/strong>, Brimrod<\/strong>), staves (Stalybridge<\/strong>) and timber (Timperley<\/strong>).<\/p>\n

There are relatively few places named for other types of vegetation.\u00a0 Several places indicate that reeds or rushes, which could be used for thatching (Thatch Leach<\/strong>), could be found (Broadbent<\/strong>, Lever<\/strong>, Reddish<\/strong>, Sedgley<\/strong>).\u00a0 Some places are names after vegetables \u2013 celery (Agecroft<\/strong>), watercress (Kearsley<\/strong>, Kersal<\/strong>), and wild garlic (Ramsbottom<\/strong>) \u2013 and others indicate that cereal crops such as barley (Barlow Fold<\/strong>, Barlow Moor<\/strong>, Pemberton<\/strong>) and rye (Ryton<\/strong>, Ryecroft<\/strong>) were being grown.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

<\/td>\n\u00a8<\/td>\nAnimals<\/strong>\u00a0 The Anglo-Saxons also named many places after animals and birds, especially deer (Hartshead<\/strong>, Hattersley<\/strong>, Roe Green<\/strong>), goats (Bucklow<\/strong>, Gatley<\/strong>), pigs (Boarshaw<\/strong>, Swinton<\/strong>), cranes (Cornbrook<\/strong>) and hawks (Hawkley<\/strong>).\u00a0 Perhaps surprisingly in a region with so many rivers, there are very few places named after fish (Compstall<\/strong>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n\u00a8<\/td>\nDirectional <\/strong>\u00a0While there are several names indicating the northern location of places (Norbury<\/strong>, Norley<\/strong>, Northenden<\/strong>, Northern Moor<\/strong>), compass points were also used for distinguishing purposes:\u00a0 Norden<\/strong> (= northern valley) and Sudden <\/strong>(= southern valley), Astley<\/strong> (east Leigh) and Westleigh<\/strong>, Haughton <\/strong>and Westhaughton<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHRISTIANITY<\/strong><\/p>\n

6th<\/sup>-7th<\/sup> centuries onwards<\/td>\n

Christianity spread to the area of Greater Manchester in the 6th<\/sup> and 7th<\/sup> centuries and evidence of this is found in place names across the county, although little or nothing is known of the monks commemorated in Monsall<\/strong> or Monton<\/strong>, the priests in Prestolee, <\/strong>\u00a0Prestwich <\/strong>or Priestnall<\/strong>, the kirk at Kirkmanshulme<\/strong> or of any abbey in Abbey Hey<\/strong>.\u00a0 Rooden<\/strong> and possibly Blackrod<\/strong> retain the Old English r\u014dd<\/em> (meaning \u2018cross\u2019) before it was supplanted by the Gaelic or Norse cross<\/em>, which is found in other, presumably later place names.\u00a0 Eccles<\/strong> is also thought to be a Celtic word derived from the Latin or Greek for an ecclesiastical gathering.<\/p>\n

The only person from this early period of whom we know anything is St Chad<\/em> (c.634-672), the Bishop of Lichfield in Mercia<\/strong>, whose parish covered the Greater Manchester area until 1541.\u00a0 St Chad\u2019s Church in Rochdale, parts of which date from the 13th<\/sup> century and which may have been named in AD 673, is said to be the oldest church in the county, and St Chad is also commemorated in Chadkirk<\/strong> and possibly even Chat Moss<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Some of the Anglican churches built in Manchester in the 18th<\/sup> and 19th centuries (some of them no longer in existence) have given their names to districts (All Saints<\/strong>, St George\u2019s<\/strong>), squares (St Ann\u2019s<\/strong>, St Peter\u2019s<\/strong>) and parks (Angel Meadows<\/strong>, St John\u2019s Gardens<\/strong>, St Michael\u2019s Flags<\/strong>).\u00a0 There are several places with Biblical names:\u00a0 Goshen <\/strong>dates from the 16th<\/sup> century and the non-conformist churches which developed in the first half of the 19th<\/sup> century also coined Biblical names (Jericho, New Earth<\/strong> and Salem<\/strong>).\u00a0 Several other places which originally had Anglo-Saxon names were later rationalised as if they had Christian origins (Abram<\/strong>, Moses Gate<\/strong>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

VIKINGS<\/strong><\/p>\n

c. AD 900-1050<\/td>\n

The Vikings settled in North-west England from the 8th century but sources differ as to whether Greater Manchester became part of the Danelaw<\/strong> or not. Certainly, the spread of the Vikings caused concern and legend has it that the Nico Ditch<\/strong> was built in 869-870 to guard against the Vikings:\u00a0 the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle<\/em> records that in AD 923 \u2018King Edward \u2026 ordered levies \u2026 to occupy Manchester<\/strong> in Northumbria, and had it repaired and garrisoned\u2019 in order to meet the Viking threat.\u00a0 It also seems that Bury<\/strong> and at least some of the places with the –bury<\/em> element (Bredbury<\/strong>, Norbury<\/strong>, Didsbury<\/strong>, Pendlebury<\/strong> and Littleborough<\/strong>) may have originally been fortified Anglo-Saxon settlements built to protect against the Vikings.<\/p>\n

There is little place-name evidence of large-scale Viking settlement in what is now Greater Manchester:\u00a0 there is a cluster of eponyms in western Manchester (Flixton <\/strong>and perhaps Urmston<\/strong>) but nowhere ending in –by<\/em>, the most common Norse element (as in Derby or Grimsby), not one -toft <\/em>(as in Lowestoft), only two occurrences of –thwaite<\/em> (Laithwaite, Linfitt<\/strong>), and only one –thorpe<\/em> (Thorp<\/strong> in Oldham).\u00a0 The only Viking name element that does occur with any frequency is –hulme <\/em>(\u2018island, raised ground\u2019):\u00a0 Hulme<\/strong>, Davyhulme<\/strong>, Levenshulme<\/strong>, Cheadle Hulme,<\/strong> Oldham<\/strong> (corrupted from Aldholme<\/em>) and Wolstenholme<\/strong>.\u00a0 A hulme<\/em> was an area of raised ground that would be particularly suitable for a settlement in an area susceptible to frequent flooding.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

INTEGRATION & ASSIMILATION<\/strong><\/td>\nCheadle Hulme<\/strong> exemplifies Greater Manchester\u2019s almost unique mixture of the three linguistic traditions \u2013 Celtic, Anglo-Saxon and Norse:\u00a0 Cheadle (Celtic c\u0113d <\/em>+ Old English l\u0113ah<\/em>) + Old Danish hulme<\/em>.\u00a0 Such names show how, over time, peoples speaking different languages and with different cultures came to live in peace together.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORMANS<\/strong><\/p>\n

1066 onwards<\/td>\n

The Norman conquest of 1066 meant that the official language of England became French, and it remained so until Richard II was deposed in 1399.\u00a0 Despite this, and the fact that Norman lords were given estates across much of England, Norman French had very little impact on place names in mediaeval England.\u00a0 Many of these lords took English names from the lands they governed, but a few Norman names remain today \u2013 Darcy (of Darcy Lever<\/strong>), Darnel (of Darnhill<\/strong>), Massey (of Dunham Massey<\/strong>), Norris (of Heaton Norris<\/strong>), Molyneux (of Molyneux Brow<\/strong>) and, much later, Davenport<\/strong> (in Stockport) and Grosvenor (of Manchester\u2019s Grosvenor Square<\/strong>).\u00a0 Also very much later is the use of -ville <\/em>for housing estates in the early 20th<\/sup> century (Chorltonville<\/strong>).<\/p>\n

However, the Normans impacted north-western place names in other ways, as can be seen from their Domesday Book<\/em> of 1086 (see Appendix 1).\u00a0 William the Conqueror sent his agents throughout England to list all the towns, villages and property, so that he would know what taxes were due.\u00a0 Domesday recorded 13,418 settlements throughout England and Wales, about 600 in Cheshire and Lancashire, but fewer than 25 in what is now Greater Manchester.\u00a0 Two reasons are normally given for this:\u00a0 William\u2019s agents did a poor job, simply omitting major places such as Stockport, Wigan and Bury.\u00a0 More likely, the Normans\u2019 genocidal \u2018harrying of the north\u2019 in 1069-1070, in which up to 75% of the population of the north were slaughtered, left many places \u2018Weaste\u2019 \u2013 uninhabited or of little value.<\/p>\n

Nevertheless, 1400 saw the \u2018triumph of English\u2019 and the vast majority of modern place names can trace their origin to Old and Middle English rather than Latin, Norse or Norman French.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

CIVIL WAR<\/strong><\/p>\n

1642-1651<\/td>\n

Greater Manchester figured significantly in the Civil War:\u00a0 the war itself is often said to have begun when Royalists tried to capture the town and Richard Perceval of Levenshulme<\/strong> became the first casualty during street fighting on 15 July 1642.\u00a0 Oliver Cromwell<\/strong> is said to have passed through Trub Smithy<\/strong> at some point, and to have camped at Oliver Clough<\/strong> during the Siege of Manchester in 1643.\u00a0 In May 1644, the Royalist commander, Prince Rupert, camped on Barlow Moor<\/strong> before leading the Bolton <\/strong>massacre, in which 1500 Parliamentary troops and citizens were killed.\u00a0 On 25 August 1651 the Royalists were defeated in the Battle of Wigan Lane at a hamlet which became known as Battling Wood<\/em>, which was later corrupted to Bottling Wood<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ENFRANCHISEMENT & CIVIL RIGHTS<\/strong><\/p>\n

17th<\/sup> century onwards<\/td>\n

The first MP for Manchester was not elected until 1654 but the constituency was abolished in 1660 on the restoration of the monarchy as Manchester had supported Oliver<\/strong> Cromwell<\/strong> and the parliamentarians in the civil war.\u00a0 This situation lasted throughout the 18th<\/sup> century and in 1725 Defoe described Manchester as \u2018the greatest meer village in England.\u00a0 It is neither a wall\u2019d town, city or corporation; they send no members to Parliament\u2019. \u00a0\u00a0Despite the Peterloo protests, parliamentary representation was not restored to Manchester until 1832 and the first MP, Mark Philips<\/em>, is commemorated in Philips Park<\/strong>.\u00a0 The right to vote was dependent on property ownership and in the 1860s, John Platt<\/strong>, a mill owner and the mayor of Oldham, gave his employees the freehold <\/strong>of their houses so that they could vote.<\/p>\n

The right to vote was restricted to men until 1918, largely as a result of the suffragette movement formed by Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters, whose campaigning is celebrated at the Pankhurst Centre<\/strong>.\u00a0 A much earlier milestone in women\u2019s rights is commemorated at Womanscroft<\/strong> Bridge in Bramhall, where, in 1637, a landowning woman <\/em>who \u2018had a house with a small croft<\/em> and toft\u2019 was given certain legal rights, including being a juror and being \u2018exempt from the burden of repairing the bridge over Lady Brook, known as the Woman\u2019s Croft bridge\u2019.\u00a0 This is one of the few place names in England with \u2018woman\u2019 as an element.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

JACOBITE REBELLION<\/strong><\/p>\n

1745-1746<\/td>\n

In 1745-1746 Bonnie Prince Charlie led a Jacobite army into England in an attempt to regain the throne that his father, James II, had been forced to give up in 1688.\u00a0 He reached Manchester on 28 November 1745 and is thought to have stabled his horses in Stockport, before marching on to Derby and then retreating to defeat at the Battle of Culloden.\u00a0 Longsight<\/strong> and Tiviot Dale<\/strong> are both said to owe their names to the Bonnie Prince and his army.\u00a0 It has also been suggested that Scotland<\/strong> in central Manchester was named because the Jacobite troops camped there in 1745, but this seems unlikely.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION & COAL<\/strong><\/p>\n

c.1760-1840<\/td>\n

The term \u2018industrial revolution\u2019 was invented in 1799 by the Frenchman, Louis-Guillaume Otto, and was applied to Britain by Arnold Toynbee in 1881.\u00a0 The industrial transformation of Britain in the second half of the 18th<\/sup> century and first half of the 19th<\/sup> had several causes, but chief among these was the availability and application of coal.<\/p>\n

Several place names across Greater Manchester point to the early mining of coal and other minerals:\u00a0 Cinder Hill<\/strong>, Collyhurst<\/strong>, Coldhurst<\/strong>, Cowlishaw<\/strong>, Delph<\/strong>, Orrell<\/strong>, Pitses<\/strong> and Quarlton<\/strong>.\u00a0 Daniel Defoe, who toured Great Britain in 1724-1726, described the widespread mining of coal between Wigan and Bolton, but the mines of the area were mostly shallow, with horse-powered winding gear.\u00a0 This early mine equipment is captured in Gin Pit<\/strong> village, where Gin is short for engine<\/em>.\u00a0 However, the depth of mines was limited by the dangers of flooding, which was addressed by the use of steam pumps.\u00a0 One of the first of these was installed in 1749 in Norbury<\/strong> colliery, which was frequently flooded by the Bollinhurst Brook<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

The other problem noted by Defoe was the remoteness from markets:\u00a0 \u2018they are remote; and though some of them have been brought to London, yet they are so dear, by reason of the carriage, that few care to buy them.\u2019\u00a0 This problem was initially solved by canals, notably the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong>, which was built in 1759-61, halving the price of coal in Manchester, and becoming the forerunner of the national canal network.<\/p>\n

Coal not only powered the industries of Greater Manchester; the region became a centre for the manufacture of textile machinery, industrial equipment and railway locomotives.\u00a0 Some of the manufacturers and engineers gave their names to places in the county, e.g. Simon\u2019s Bridge,<\/strong> Whitworth Park<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

The last coal mines in the county closed in the 1990s, leaving only the Lancashire Colliery Museum at Astley<\/strong> Green and a legacy of dereliction and pollution.\u00a0 However, much has been done to transform the industrial landscape into nature reserves and conservation areas, notably the Flashes of Wigan and Leigh<\/strong>, where flashes<\/em> are a local word for surface flooding caused by the collapse of underground mine workings.\u00a0 The Three Sisters<\/strong>, now a recreation area, take their name from former waste heaps at a local colliery.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\u2018COTTONOPOLIS\u2019<\/strong><\/td>\nThe term \u2018Cottonopolis\u2019 was invented in about 1851 but the textile industry started much earlier.\u00a0 The earliest mills, such as that at Bowdon<\/strong>, which is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1), or those at Milnrow<\/strong> (\u2018a row of houses by a mill\u2019) and Quarlton<\/strong> (\u2018mill hill\u2019) in the 13th<\/sup> century, were almost certainly corn or flour mills.\u00a0 The textile industry seems to have been established well before the 14th<\/sup> century, initially concentrating on flax (see Crossacres<\/strong>), wool (Walkden<\/strong>, Walkers<\/strong>) and linen (Bowker Vale<\/strong>, Gigg, Linfitt<\/strong>).\u00a0 The switch to cotton had begun by about 1725, when Daniel Defoe visited Bolton<\/strong> and noted \u2018that the cotton manufacture reach\u2019d thither\u2019.\u00a0 The rapid and large-scale expansion of cotton manufacture came later in the century with mechanisation, notably the building of the first water-powered mills at Portwood<\/strong> on the Mersey<\/strong> in 1732, at Garret<\/strong> by the River Medlock<\/strong> in about 1760 and at Thorp<\/strong> in Royton<\/strong> in 1764, Crompton\u2019s spinning mule, invented at Hall i\u2019 th\u2019 Wood<\/strong> in 1779, and Arkwright\u2019s steam-powered mill at Shudehill<\/strong> in 1783.\u00a0 In all, over 2400 cotton mills were built in the area between 1732 and 1926.<\/p>\n

The earliest mills tended to be named for the places where they were built or the brooks that powered them, but many mills, and the villages and parks around them were named by and for their owners or their wives.\u00a0 Knott Mill<\/strong>, dating from 1509, is an early example and later examples include Bealey\u2019s Goit<\/strong>, Drinkwater Park<\/strong>, Hallam Coronation Garden<\/strong>, Holt Town<\/strong>, Hope<\/strong>, Houldsworth<\/strong>, Langworthy<\/strong> and Eckersley<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

The First World War led to the loss of markets and the last mill in Greater Manchester and Lancashire \u2013 Elk Mill<\/strong> in Royton <\/strong>\u2013 was completed in 1926.\u00a0 Today, the only cotton mill remaining in production in the county is Tower Mill in Dukinfield<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

RAILWAYS<\/strong><\/p>\n

1830-1880<\/td>\n

The first railway in what is now Greater Manchester was the Bolton & Leigh, a 12-kilometre freight line opened in 1828 to connect Bolton to the Leeds & Liverpool Canal at Leigh.\u00a0 The Liverpool & Manchester, the world\u2019s first intercity passenger railway, was opened in 1830 with its eastern terminus at Liverpool Road<\/strong>.\u00a0 In the next 50 years, about 200 stations were built in Greater Manchester.\u00a0 Most were named after existing locations, but some were opened for new suburbs opened up by the railways such as Altrincham<\/strong>, Chorlton-cum<\/strong>–Hardy<\/strong> and Sale<\/strong>, and others, such as Ashburys<\/strong>, Brooklands<\/strong> and Davenport<\/strong>, were opened to serve communities named after individuals.\u00a0 In many other cases, it seems that the railways standardised the names or spelling of places which were not officially agreed:\u00a0 Astley Bridge<\/strong>, Chequerbent<\/strong>, Guide Bridge<\/strong>, Hazel Grove<\/strong>, Heald Green<\/strong>, Howe Bridge<\/strong>, Mumps<\/strong>, Newton Heath<\/strong>, Rushford<\/strong> and Stoneclough<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VICTORIAN ERA<\/strong><\/p>\n

1837-1901<\/td>\n

The reign of Queen Victoria <\/strong>coincided with the rise of Cottonopolis, and many places were named after Victoria herself (Victoria Bridge<\/strong>, Victoria Station<\/strong>, Victoria Park<\/strong>, Queen\u2019s Park<\/strong>, etc), her husband, Prince Albert (Albert Bridge<\/strong>, Albert Square<\/strong>, Albert Park<\/strong>, etc), their son, the Prince of Wales (Clarence Park<\/strong>), and his wife, Princess Alexandra (there are at least four Alexandra Parks<\/strong>).\u00a0 Victoria\u2019s golden jubilee in 1887 is commemorated in Jubilee Park<\/strong>, and Edward VII\u2019s coronation in 1902 in Coronation Street<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PUBLIC PARKS<\/strong><\/p>\n

1846<\/td>\n

It was in Greater Manchester that three of England\u2019s first municipal parks – Peel Park<\/strong>, named in honour of Sir Robert Peel<\/strong>, Philips Park<\/strong> and Queen\u2019s Park<\/strong> in Harpurhey \u2013 were opened to the public in 1846.\u00a0 Over the next 150 years, many country-house estates were donated or purchased and opened as public parks, ranging from the very small, such as Marie Louise Gardens<\/strong> in south Manchester to the enormous Heaton Park<\/strong>, acquired in 1902.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CITY OF MANCHESTER<\/strong><\/p>\n

1853<\/td>\n

Manchester had lost its MP in 1660 because it had supported Cromwell<\/strong> in the civil war, and it was not until 1832 that parliamentary representation was restored.\u00a0 This was followed by the granting of city status in 1853.\u00a0\u00a0 As a mark of civic pride, plans for a new town hall were announced in 1863 and, at the same time, Albert Square<\/strong> was laid out as a memorial to Queen Victoria\u2019s husband, Prince Albert, who had died in 1861.\u00a0 Also in 1853, the construction of the Free Trade Hall<\/strong> on the site of the Peterloo massacre of 1819 in St Peter\u2019s Square was begun to mark the repeal of the corn laws in 1846.\u00a0 In 1853, the City Manchester reached its peak as a cotton manufacturing city, with 108 mills.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SLAVERY AND THE COTTON FAMINE<\/strong><\/p>\n

1861-1865<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n

Most of Lancashire\u2019s raw cotton was grown and picked by slaves in the southern states of the U.S. until the 1860s.\u00a0 There is, however, little evidence of this in the place names of Greater Manchester.\u00a0 Notable exceptions are Kingston<\/strong> in Tameside, which was named by a slave-owner to remind him of his life in Jamaica, and Elk Mill<\/strong> in Oldham, which takes its name from a river in Tennessee from where some of the earliest slave-harvested cotton came from at the end of the 18th<\/sup> century.<\/p>\n

Despite this dependence on this cotton, there was early support in Manchester for the abolition of slavery.\u00a0 The issue was widely debated \u2013 the Manchester Movement for the Abolition of the African Slave Trade had been established in 1787 and Engels discusses slavery at several points in his 1845 study of the working class in Manchester.\u00a0 The supply of cotton became critical during the Lancashire \u2018Cotton Famine, which occurred when the American Civil War cut off Greater Manchester\u2019s cotton supplies from the southern states of the U.S.\u00a0 Despite the severe hardship, the Lancashire cotton workers supported the cause of the Union and in 1863 U.S. President Abraham Lincoln thanked them for their support for the abolition of slavery and his statue, with an extract from his letter, now stands in Lincoln Square<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

During the cotton famine, various projects were carried out to provide an income for the unemployed textile workers, notably Alexandra Park<\/strong> in Oldham, Queen\u2019s<\/strong> Park<\/strong> in Bolton, the Cotton Famine Road<\/strong> in Rochdale, the Haigh estate (now Haigh Woodland Park<\/strong>) in Wigan and the Swineshaw<\/strong> reservoirs in Tameside.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

MANCHESTER SHIP CANAL <\/strong><\/p>\n

1894<\/td>\n

The first attempt to connect Manchester to the Irish Sea was the Mersey & Irwell<\/strong> Navigation<\/strong>, which was built in 1721-1724 between Runcorn in Cheshire and Hunt\u2019s Quay<\/strong> in the centre of Manchester.\u00a0 This was not a true canal but a waterway which improved navigation on the two rivers through a series of cuts and locks.<\/p>\n

The Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> is a 58-kilometre artificial waterway between Runcorn in Cheshire and Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 It was built in 1887-1893 and was opened by Queen Victoria<\/strong> at Mode Wheel<\/strong> on 21 May 1894.\u00a0 It led to a considerable increase in trade and industry, notably the development of Trafford Park<\/strong>, the world\u2019s first industrial estate, in 1896.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

WORLD WAR I<\/strong><\/p>\n

1914-1918<\/td>\n

The military action of the First World War had little direct impact on Greater Manchester but there were Zeppelin bombing raids on Holcombe<\/strong> and Greenmount<\/strong> on 25 September 1916 and on Wigan<\/strong> on 12 April 1918.\u00a0 The Wigan raid killed seven people and a further nine were injured.\u00a0 However, the explosion at the Hooley Hill<\/strong> Munitions Factory on 13 June 1917 caused far more casualties, with 46 killed and hundreds injured.\u00a0 War memorials were erected after the war, as well as memorial parks such as Broadhurst Park<\/strong> in Moston, Dunwood Park<\/strong> in Crompton, Gallipoli Gardens<\/strong> in Bury, Tandle Hill Country Park<\/strong> in Royton, Woodbank Memorial Park<\/strong> in Stockport, and the Albert Hill VC Memorial Park<\/strong> in Denton.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
URBAN RE-HOUSING<\/strong><\/p>\n

20th<\/sup> century<\/td>\n

Urban overcrowding and slums led most of the councils of what is now Greater Manchester to build estates to re-house large numbers of residents in improved accommodation.\u00a0 The first was perhaps the New Barracks<\/strong> estate in Salford, built in 1901-04, including Coronation Street, <\/strong>and several were built under the government-funded \u2018Homes for Heroes\u2019 scheme after World War I.\u00a0 Many more followed in the 1930s, and most adopted the names of the farms, mines or areas where they were built \u2013 Brushes<\/strong>, Johnson<\/strong> Fold<\/strong>, Langley, Linnyshaw Park<\/strong> and Limeside<\/strong>.\u00a0 In some cases, new aspirational names were coined, e.g. Abbey Hills<\/strong>.\u00a0 A third option was to take the name of a local hall or its grounds and apply it to the whole new housing estate, e.g. Polefield<\/strong> and Wythenshawe<\/strong>. \u00a0As these estates expanded, older settlements were absorbed (Brownley Green<\/strong>, Crossacres<\/strong>, Poundswick<\/strong>, Royal Oak<\/strong>, Saxfield<\/strong>) and some have largely disappeared.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CITY OF SALFORD<\/strong><\/p>\n

1926<\/td>\n

Salford <\/strong>was granted city status in 1926 but this was not marked by any new civic buildings.\u00a0 However, city status coincided with the announcement of plans to build the first of a new type of \u2018super cinema\u2019 outside London \u2013 the Ambassador<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WORLD WAR II<\/strong><\/p>\n

1939-1945<\/td>\n

Between July 1940 and July 1942, Greater Manchester was subject to repeated German bombing raids, including the \u2018Manchester blitz\u2019 of 22-24 December 1940.\u00a0 684 people were killed, 2364 were injured and there was widespread destruction.\u00a0 Many buildings were damaged, and St Augustine\u2019s and All Saints<\/strong> churches were so badly damaged that they had to be demolished.\u00a0 Late in the war, on 24 December 1944, there were V-1 flying bomb attacks on Abbey Hills<\/strong>, Tottington<\/strong>, Davenport<\/strong> and Worsley<\/strong> which claimed 37 lives.\u00a0 Whitehead Gardens<\/strong> in Tottington commemorate these victims.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREATER MANCHESTER<\/strong><\/p>\n

1 April 1974<\/td>\n

The new county of Greater Manchester<\/strong> was created on 1 April 1974 from parts of north-east Cheshire<\/strong>, south-east Lancashire<\/strong>, and the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is composed of 10 Metropolitan Boroughs:\u00a0 Bolton<\/strong>, Bury<\/strong>, the City of Manchester<\/strong>, Oldham<\/strong>, Rochdale<\/strong>, the City of Salford<\/strong>, Stockport<\/strong>, Tameside<\/strong>, Trafford <\/strong>and Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 All of these except Tameside were pre-existing names dating from mediaeval times or earlier.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
METROLINK & REGENERATION<\/strong><\/p>\n

1992 onwards<\/td>\n

Greater Manchester, and the City of Manchester in particular, have undergone widespread regeneration since the 1990s, some of which have revived names that were fading from use (New Cross<\/strong>, New Islington<\/strong>).\u00a0 The Metrolink tram system, now the largest in the UK, was opened in 1992 and not only preserves the names of older parts of the county (Bess o\u2019 th\u2019 Barn<\/strong>, Pomona<\/strong>, Shadow Moss<\/strong>) and closed or disused railway stations (Cornbrook<\/strong>, Derker<\/strong>, Failsworth<\/strong>, Hollinwood<\/strong>, Milnrow<\/strong>, Oldham Mumps<\/strong>), but includes stops named after new areas (Anchorage<\/strong>, Etihad Campus<\/strong>, MediaCityUK<\/strong>, Salford Quays<\/strong>, Velopark<\/strong>).\u00a0 The new skyscraper area to the south of Manchester city centre is becoming known as \u201cManc-hattan<\/strong>\u201d.<\/p>\n

However, regeneration has meant not just demolition and modernistic architecture.\u00a0 There has also been a movement towards the restoration and repurposing of mills and markets such as Manchester\u2019s Mackie Mayor<\/strong> and Stockport\u2019s Weir Mill<\/strong>, based on what has sometimes been called the \u2018Altrincham<\/strong> model\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

CULTURES & LIFESTYLES<\/strong><\/td>\nPerhaps the stereotypical images of Greater Manchester are captured in the artwork of L S Lowry <\/strong>(see Appendix 2) and \u00a0P A Valette (Appendix 3), and the TV soap opera Coronation Street<\/strong>.\u00a0 However, in the years since the war and particularly since 1974, new communities and cultures have emerged, and some of these have given rise to new place names.\u00a0 These were initially unofficial but some have now been adopted officially:\u00a0 China Town<\/strong>, Curry Mile<\/strong>, Gay<\/strong> Village<\/strong>, Madchester<\/strong> and the Northern Quarter<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EXPORTED NAMES<\/strong><\/td>\nThe names of many settlements in Greater Manchester have been \u2018exported\u2019 or transferred to other countries overseas.\u00a0 This was often the result of colonial settlement, when British settlers wanted to commemorate their home towns.\u00a0 In other cases, and especially in the case of places named after Manchester, the inhabitants aspired to emulate the industrial innovation and success of Lancashire towns.\u00a0 However, several places turn out to be eponyms rather than transferred names, i.e. they are named after local worthies rather than English towns, so it is said that Manchester in Iowa was named by inverting the name of William Chesterman, one of its founders, and Oldham in Missouri was named after a Mr Asa Old who sold hams.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bolton<\/td>\nConnecticut, USA<\/td>\nIncorporated in 1720 and named by early settlers, many of whom came from Bolton in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Illinois, USA<\/td>\nProbably named after Bolton in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Iowa, USA<\/td>\nProbably named after Bolton in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kansas, USA<\/td>\nProbably named after Bolton in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Maryland, USA<\/td>\nBolton Hill:\u00a0 named after the estate of George Grundy, a Baltimore merchant who named his estate after his native Bolton in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ohio, USA<\/td>\nProbably named after Bolton in Lancashire by early settlers.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Vermont, USA<\/td>\nFounded in 1763 and probably named by early settlers from Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Virginia, USA<\/td>\nProbably named after Bolton in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bury<\/td>\nQuebec, Canada<\/td>\nNamed in 1803 after Bury in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Didsbury<\/td>\nAlberta, Canada<\/td>\nFounded and named in 1902 after Didsbury in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Edgeley<\/td>\nNorth Dakota, USA<\/td>\nFounded and named in 1886 by Richard Sykes, who was born in Edgeley in Cheshire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Heywood<\/td>\nVictoria, Australia<\/td>\nSurveyed in 1852 by Lindsay Clarke and named after Heywood in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Manchester<\/td>\nBolivia<\/td>\nFounded and named by Anthony Webster-James, a metallurgist from Manchester in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nova Scotia, Canada<\/td>\nProbably named after Manchester in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
California, USA<\/td>\nEstablished in 1871 and named by an early settler after his former home in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Connecticut, USA<\/td>\nSettled in around 1672 as Five-Mile Tract and renamed in 1823 after Manchester in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Georgia, USA<\/td>\nFounded in 1907 and named after Manchester in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Indiana, USA<\/td>\nThe town was established in 1822 and probably named after Manchester in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kansas, USA<\/td>\nLaid out in 1887 as Keystone but changed to Manchester by 1890.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kentucky, USA<\/td>\nFounded in 1807 as Greenville but changed to Manchester later that year as local business people aspired to Manchester\u2019s industrial success.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Maryland, USA<\/td>\nThe town was incorporated in 1833 as Manchester Germantown, combining the names of two communities.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Massachusetts, USA<\/td>\nManchester-by-the-Sea:\u00a0 Originally named Manchester by colonists in 1629 after Manchester in Lancashire; renamed Manchester-by-the-Sea in 1989.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Michigan, USA<\/td>\nIncorporated as a village in 1867 to take advantage of water power from the river and named after Manchester in Lancashire, which had pioneered water-powered industry.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Missouri, USA<\/td>\nThe village was incorporated in 1950 and named after Manchester by an English settler.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
New Hampshire, USA<\/td>\nNamed in 1810 by Samuel Blodget, after visiting Manchester in England in the hope that it would emulate the industry of Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
New Jersey, USA<\/td>\nIncorporated as a township in 1865 and named by William Torrey after Manchester in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
New York, USA<\/td>\nThe town was settled in 1793 as Burt but changed to Manchester in 1822 in the hope that its textile mills would emulate those of Manchester in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ohio, USA<\/td>\nThe settlement was founded in 1790 and named Massie’s Station after Nathaniel Massie, but was later renamed Manchester after the Lancashire town, which was Massie\u2019s ancestral home.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Oklahoma, USA<\/td>\nPossibly named after Manchester in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pennsylvania, USA<\/td>\nThe village was settled in 1814 and originally named Liverpool, but the name was later changed to Manchester.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tennessee, USA<\/td>\nThe city was originally founded before 1817 and named after Manchester in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Washington, USA<\/td>\nThe town was established in the 1860s as Brooklyn but in 1892 the name was changed to Manchester after the Lancashire city.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
West Virginia, USA<\/td>\nNew Manchester:\u00a0 The town was originally laid out in 1810 as Manchester.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mersey<\/td>\nNova Scotia, Canada<\/td>\nMersey River is named after the English river and flows into the Atlantic at Liverpool, Nova Scotia.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tasmania, Australia<\/td>\nThe Mersey River on the north-west coast of Tasmania flows into the Bass strait at Devonport.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Oldham<\/td>\nNova Scotia, Canada<\/td>\nThe town was named by Joseph Howe after his ancestral home in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mississippi, USA<\/td>\nThe town was probably named after Oldham in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
South Dakota, USA<\/td>\nEither named after Oldham Carrot, a local landowner, or named after Oldham in Lancashire, the home of an early settler.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rochdale<\/td>\nMassachusetts, USA<\/td>\nNamed Rochdale in 1869 because some early settlers came from Lancashire and hoped that similar types of cloth could be manufactured in Massachusetts.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mississippi, USA<\/td>\nThe town was named after Rochdale in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Queens, New York, USA<\/td>\nThis 1960s cooperative housing development was named after Rochdale in Lancashire, the birthplace of the cooperative movement.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
North Carolina, USA<\/td>\nThe town was probably named after Rochdale in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Saddleworth<\/td>\nSouth Australia<\/td>\nSaddleworth was built in the 1840s on land originally owned by James Masters, and named after his former home in West Yorkshire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Salford<\/td>\nOntario, Canada<\/td>\nThe place was originally called New Manchester, but in 1855 the name was changed and named after Salford in Cheshire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pennsylvania, USA<\/td>\nThe town was established in about 1727 and named after Salford in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Stockport<\/td>\nSouth Australia<\/td>\nThe small town was founded in 1845 by Samuel Stocks junior and named after his birthplace in Cheshire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lake Ontario, Canada<\/td>\nStockport Islands:\u00a0 The islands were named by early explorers after their birthplace in Cheshire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Iowa, USA<\/td>\nThe town was settled in the late 19th<\/sup> century and incorporated in 1902.\u00a0 It was probably named after Stockport in Cheshire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
New York, USA<\/td>\nThe town was established in 1833 and named by James Wild, who was originally from Stockport in Cheshire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ohio, USA<\/td>\nThe town was named in 1838 by its first postmaster, Samuel Beswick, after Stockport in Cheshire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
A<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ABBEY HEY <\/strong>is a residential and recreational area of Gorton<\/strong>, east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The origin of the name is probably \u2018an abbey in or with an enclosed field\u2019, from abbey<\/em> + Old English hecg <\/em>or hege<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a hedge\u2019).\u00a0 While there is no archaeological or documentary evidence of an abbey or monastery in the area in mediaeval times, in 1309 the lord of the manor assigned land in the Gorton area to the Cistercian Abbey<\/em> of Dore, explaining the name Abbey Hey.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ABBEY HILLS<\/strong> is a district in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 There is no abbey in the area, which was originally known as Wabbow Hills<\/em> as it surrounded a farm of that name.\u00a0 It is assumed that Wabbow<\/em> was the personal name of the original owner of the farmstead but no record can be found of him.\u00a0 In the 1930s a large housing estate was built in the area and the more aspirational name Abbey Hills<\/em> was adopted.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ABBOTSFIELD PARK<\/strong> is a public park and miniature railway in Flixton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 An Abbot<\/strong> family lived in the area in the mid-17th<\/sup> century and streets and localities were named after them.\u00a0 In 1889 a local cotton mill owner, James Stott, built a large family residence and named it Abbotsfield<\/em>, which was taken over as a civilian hospital during World War II.\u00a0 In 1945 the house was returned to its pre-war owners, the Conservative Club, but the local park, the Flixton Recreational Ground, was renamed Abbotsfield Park to commemorate the work of the hospital staff during the war.\u00a0 The park is also known as Chassen Park<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ABNEY HALL PARK <\/strong>is an 80-hectare public park in Cheadle <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The park is set in the grounds of Abney Hall, which was owned by Sir James Watts and who named the estate after Sir Thomas Abney<\/em> (1640-1722), a banker and Lord Mayor of London who had offered a home to his father in Stoke Newington for many years.\u00a0 In 1958 Abney Hall was sold to the local authority, which used the hall as Cheadle town hall and opened the grounds to the public.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ABRAHAM MOSS<\/strong> is a Metrolink tram stop in Cheetham Hill<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong> which was opened on 18 April 2011.\u00a0 It serves various facilities in the area \u2013 a community school, and a library and leisure centre \u2013 all named after Abraham Moss<\/em> (1888\/89-1964), who was Lord Mayor of Manchester in 1953-1954 and President of the Board of Deputies of British Jews at the time of his death.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ABRAM<\/strong> is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded from 1199 as Hadburham<\/em>, but Abraham<\/em> is recorded in 1372 and the modern spelling is found from 1461.\u00a0 The meaning is \u2018homestead or village of a woman called Eadburh\u2019 from the Anglo-Saxon personal name \u0112adburg<\/em> + h<\/em>\u0101m<\/em> (\u2018homestead, village\u2019).\u00a0\u00a0 By the end of the 14th<\/sup> century the name had been rationalised from the Anglo-Saxon to the Biblical Abraham<\/em>, which was later shortened to Abram<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ABRAM FLASH <\/strong>is a 40-hectare nature reserve in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan <\/strong>that forms part of the Flashes of Wigan and Leigh<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 It is on the site of Abram Colliery, a coal mine which opened in about 1870 and finally closed in 1956.\u00a0 It takes its name from the village of Abram<\/strong> and flash<\/em>, a lake formed by subsidence.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ACKHURST BROOK <\/strong>is a 2-kilometre stream that flows north east to join the River Douglas<\/strong> near Crooke<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1686 as Ackhurst<\/em> Hall and means \u2018hill with oak trees\u2019, from the Old English \u0101c<\/em> (\u2018oak tree\u2019) + hyrst<\/em> (\u2018wooded hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ACRES <\/strong>is an area in Chadderton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name and origin are not well documented, but there are several other places in the area with acre<\/em> in their name, for example Crossacres<\/strong> and Greenacres<\/strong>.\u00a0 The origin, therefore, may well be Old English aecers<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018fields, plots of cultivated land\u2019), which gives us the modern measure of land, which literally means \u2018a measure of land which a yoke of oxen could plough in a day\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ACRESFIELD\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>ST ANN\u2019S SQUARE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ADAM\u2019S CROSS <\/strong>is a rock formation in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is said to be the site of pagan rituals but nothing is known of the origin of the name, which was recorded on the 1843 Ordnance Survey map, and both elements are opaque:\u00a0 there is no known link to the Biblical Adam<\/em> or to any local person named Adam<\/em>, and there is no record of a cross <\/em>at the site.\u00a0 However, nearby is the Platt Memorial Cross at Ashway<\/strong> Gap, but the name has no connection to Adam\u2019s Cross.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ADELPHI<\/strong> is a locality in the City of Salford<\/strong> west of Adelphi Street and within the U-shaped bend of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area was developed in the late 18th<\/sup> and early 19th<\/sup> centuries.\u00a0 In 1793, Adelphi Weir was built to harness the waters of the Irwell for a cotton mill.\u00a0 In the following years, print, dye and bleach works were built in the area, as well as swimming baths, all taking the name Adelphi<\/em>.\u00a0 The name is an example of gentrification \u2013 one of several areas in Salford and Manchester<\/strong> (e.g. Piccadilly<\/strong>) that adopted the names of fashionable areas of London.\u00a0 The original Adelphi<\/em> area of London was designed and built by the famous architect, Robert Adam, and his three brothers in 1768-1772, hence the name, which is Greek for \u2018brothers\u2019.\u00a0 Parts of Adelphi in Salford seem to have been fashionable \u2013 Adelphi House was built in 1808 as the home of a wealthy businessman and it is now part of the University of Salford.\u00a0 However, over time Adelphi became increasingly grim and industrialised, but today the area has undergone urban regeneration and is fashionable once again.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ADSWOOD <\/strong>is a suburb of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> and was part of Cheshire until 1974.\u00a0 The name is found from the mid-13th<\/sup> century as Addiswode<\/em>, meaning \u2018\u00c6ddi\u2019s wood\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name \u00c6ddi<\/em> + wudu<\/em>.\u00a0 Suggestions that the name is shortened from Adders\u2019 Wood, a snake-infested royal hunting ground in the reign of King Charles II (1625-1649), are probably folk etymology.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AFFETSIDE<\/strong> is a village in the western area of the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but the current spelling is first found in 1504.\u00a0 It means \u2018the boundary on the hill\u2019 from the Old English ofes<\/em> (\u2018border, boundary\u2019) + side <\/em>(\u2018hillside\u2019).\u00a0 The hill is 270 metres high and the boundary is marked by Watling Street (not the old Roman road), which today marks the boundary between Bury and Bolton<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AFFLECK\u2019S<\/strong> is an indoor market for independent traders in the City of Manchester<\/strong>\u2019s Northern Quarter<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is housed in a building originally built in the 1860s as Affleck and Brown\u2019s<\/em> drapery store.\u00a0 The company was founded by John Brown (1824-1901) and fellow Scot Robert Affleck<\/em> (1818-1888).\u00a0 The company closed in 1973 but the building was reopened as Affleck\u2019s Palace in 1982.\u00a0 It closed in March 2008 but was again reopened under new management as Affleck\u2019s in April 2008.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AGECROFT <\/strong>is a district of Pendlebury<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded as Achecroft<\/em> in 1394.\u00a0 There have been various suggestions for its name:\u00a0 one is that it is \u2018field of wild celery\u2019 from Old English ache<\/em> + croft<\/em>; others, perhaps more likely, are that the first element is edge<\/em>, meaning \u2018brink\u2019, or Ecga<\/em>, a personal name.\u00a0 Agecroft Hall, a Tudor country house, once stood in the area but it was auctioned off in 1925, dismantled and re-erected in Richmond, Virginia.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AIGGIN STONE<\/strong> is thought to be a mediaeval stone marking the old boundary between Lancashire<\/strong> and Yorkshire<\/strong>, north of Blackstone Edge<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was first recorded in 1800 and various suggestions have been put forward to account for its name:\u00a0 it might be a corruption of Edge Stone<\/em>, a rendering of the Latin agger<\/em> (\u2018pile, heap, mound\u2019), or it could be derived from the French aguille <\/em>(\u2018needle, sharp-pointed rock\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AINSWORTH<\/strong> is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>, also known as Cockey Moor<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in about 1200 as Haineswrthe<\/em>, meaning \u2018\u00c6gen\u2019s enclosure\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name \u00c6gen<\/em> + Old English worth<\/em> (\u2018enclosure, enclosed settlement\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALAN TURING MEMORIAL<\/strong> is a sculpture erected in 2001 in Sackville Gardens<\/strong> in central Manchester <\/strong>to commemorate Alan Turing<\/em> (1912-1954), who lived and worked in Manchester from 1948 until his death in 1954.\u00a0 The inscription on the memorial reads, \u2018Father of Computer Science, Mathematician, Logician, Wartime Codebreaker, Victim of Prejudice\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALBERT BRIDGE <\/strong>is an arched-bridge over the River Irwell<\/strong>, linking Salford<\/strong> to Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 1843-1844 to replace the earlier New Bailey<\/strong> Bridge, and was named after Prince Albert<\/em> (1819-1861), after his marriage to Queen Victoria in 1840 and the construction of Victoria Bridge<\/strong> in 1838-1839.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALBERT HALL <\/strong>is a music venue in central Manchester<\/strong> that was originally built by the Manchester and Salford <\/strong>Wesleyan Mission in 1908 as the Albert Hall and Aston Institute.\u00a0 It was named after Prince Albert<\/em> (1819-1861), the husband of Queen Victoria<\/strong>, and the principal donor, Edward Aston <\/em>(1840-1911).\u00a0 It was closed in 1969 and in 1999 it was converted into a nightclub named Brannigan\u2019s after the Irish policeman and boxer, James Christopher Brannigan<\/em> (1910-1986).\u00a0 The club closed in 2011 and the building was refurbished as a music hall, re-opening as Albert Hall in 2013.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALBERT HILL VC MEMORIAL PARK<\/strong> is a small public park and garden of remembrance in Denton <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened on 22 May 1958 and commemorates Albert Hill<\/em> (1895-1971), who lived in Denton from 1907 till 1923 and won the Victoria Cross during the Battle of the Somme in 1916.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALBERT PARK<\/strong> is a 6-hectare public park in Broughton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in 1877 and named in memory of Prince Albert<\/em>, Queen Victoria<\/strong>\u2019s husband, who had died in 1861.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALBERT PARK <\/strong>is a residential area of West Didsbury<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>, about 6.5 kilometres south of the city centre.\u00a0 The area was developed as an affluent housing area in 1862-70 and named after Prince Albert<\/em>, Queen Victoria<\/strong>\u2019s husband, who had died in 1861.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALBERT SQUARE<\/strong> is a pedestrianised space in front of Manchester<\/strong> Town Hall.\u00a0 It was laid out in 1863-1864 as a memorial to Queen Victoria<\/strong>\u2019s husband, Prince Albert<\/em>, who had died in 1861, and to provide a fitting location for a statue of Albert which had been commissioned the city.\u00a0 Victoria was invited to open the Square but declined, and she also declined to open the Town Hall when it was completed in 1877.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALDER BARROW \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> OWLER BARROW<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALDER FOREST<\/strong> is a residential area in Eccles<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong> that also includes the 8.23-hectare Alder Forest Playing Field.\u00a0 There is little documentation relating to the name and its derivation, but it clearly suggests the presence of alder forests in this area, the name probably coming from the Old English alor<\/em>, meaning \u2018an alder tree\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALDERMAN\u2019S HILL <\/strong>and Alphin Pike <\/strong>are both hills in the Peak District<\/strong> overlooking Uppermill<\/strong> and the Tame<\/strong> valley in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Alderman\u2019s Hill is recorded in 1817 and probably means \u2018old man\u2019, from Old English ald <\/em>or eald <\/em>+ mann<\/em>.\u00a0 According to local legend, Alder<\/em> and Alphin<\/em> were Saddleworth<\/strong> giants who fought a battle over a water nymph called Rimmon<\/strong> who lived in Chew Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 They threw boulders across the valley (see Pots and Pans<\/strong>) and Alphin was killed, while Rimmon, who loved Alphin, killed herself.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALDER ROOT <\/strong>is a residential area of Chadderton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is said to be recorded in the 16th<\/sup> century but by 1826 it was linked with Cowhill <\/strong>as a small village.\u00a0 The name probably means \u2018spur of land with alder trees\u2019, from the Old English alor <\/em>(\u2018an alder tree\u2019) + wrot<\/em> (\u2018snout; spur of land shaped like a snout\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALDPORT<\/strong> was a district in central Manchester<\/strong> to the south of what is now Deansgate<\/strong> (which was formerly known as Aldport Street).\u00a0 The name first appears in 1281 and can be explained as meaning simply \u2018old town\u2019, from Old English ald<\/em> + port<\/em>.\u00a0 However, the area was close to the old Roman garrison and it may be that port<\/em> in this context meant \u2018walled town or fort\u2019.\u00a0 The area was demolished in the 1890s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALEXANDRA PARK, Edgeley<\/strong> is a 24-hectare park in the Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was laid out in the grounds of what had been Edgeley House and was opened to the public as Alexandra Park in 1870.\u00a0 It was named after Princess Alexandra<\/em> (1844-1925), who married the Prince of Wales in 1863.\u00a0 On Queen Victoria\u2019s death in 1901, he became King Edward VII and she became Queen Alexandra.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALEXANDRA PARK, Moss Side<\/strong> is a 24-hectare public park in Whalley Range<\/strong> and Moss Side<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The site was purchased by Manchester Corporation in 1864 from William Egerton<\/strong> and opened to the public in 1870.\u00a0 It was named after Princess Alexandra<\/em> (1844-1925), who had married the Prince of Wales in 1863, and who became Queen Alexandra on Queen Victoria<\/strong>\u2019s death in 1901.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALEXANDRA PARK, Oldham<\/strong> is a 23-hectare public park in Glodwick<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was laid out in 1863-1865 as a way of giving work to textile workers during the Lancashire Cotton Famine<\/strong> of 1861-1865, when cotton could not be imported from the southern United States because of the American Civil War.\u00a0 It was opened on 28 August 1865 and named after Princess Alexandra<\/em> (1844-1925), who had married the Prince of Wales in 1863, and who became Queen Alexandra on Queen Victoria<\/strong>\u2019s death in 1901.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALEXANDRA PARK, Wigan <\/strong>is a 7-hectare public park in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was laid out on land donated by Colonel Henry Blundell-Hollinshead-Blundell (1831-1906) and opened in April 1903.\u00a0 It was named after Queen Alexandra<\/em>, who became queen in 1901 when her husband succeeded Queen Victoria<\/strong> as King Edward VII.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALKRINGTON<\/strong> or ALKINGTON GARDEN VILLAGE<\/strong> is a suburb of Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1212 as Alkinton<\/em>, meaning \u2018the village of Alhhere<\/em>\u2019s people\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + Old English -ing-<\/em> (\u2018belonging to; followers of\u2019) + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2019enclosure, village\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALL SAINTS <\/strong>is a district in central Manchester<\/strong>, part of which now forms the All Saints Campus of Manchester Metropolitan University.\u00a0 It is one of the few place names in Greater Manchester with an overtly religious origin, taking its name from the Anglican All Saints Church, which was completed in 1820.\u00a0 The church was badly damaged in the blitz of December 1940 and was demolished in 1946.\u00a0 The graveyard had been made into a children\u2019s playground in the 1930s and now forms part of the park in Grosvenor Square<\/strong>.\u00a0 (See<\/em> Appendix 3 for Valette\u2019s paintings of All Saints Square and other locations in Greater Manchester)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALMA PARK<\/strong> is a residential area of the City of Manchester<\/strong>, south-east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but, along with numerous other places in Britain, it commemorates the Battle of Alma<\/em> on 20 September 1854 during the Crimean War.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALPHIN PIKE <\/strong>is a 470-metre hill in the Peak District<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name was recorded in 1468 as Alphenstone <\/em>and in 1817 as Alfin Hill<\/em>, probably from Old English elfen <\/em>(\u2018elf, fairy\u2019) + st<\/em>\u0101n<\/em> (\u2018stone\u2019).\u00a0 In local legend, Alphin was a giant who fought Alderman<\/strong> for the love of the nymph Rimmon<\/strong>.\u00a0 Alphin Pike (from Old English pike, <\/em>\u2018pointed hill\u2019) seems to be one of only a few hills in Greater Manchester<\/strong> called \u2018pike\u2019.\u00a0\u00a0 See also<\/em> ALDERMAN\u2019S HILL<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALT <\/strong>is a village in the Borough of Oldham<\/strong> that was formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in about 1190 and is said to take its name from the Celtic allt<\/em> meaning \u2018hill or hillside\u2019, referring to Alt Hill.\u00a0 The name does not seem to be related to that of the River Alt in Merseyside<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALTRINCHAM<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> that was formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1290 as Aldringeham<\/em> and with its modern spelling from 1321.\u00a0 It means \u2018the village of Aldhere<\/em>\u2019s people\u2019 from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + -inga-<\/em> (\u2018followers of\u2019) + h<\/em>\u0101m<\/em> (\u2018homestead, village\u2019).\u00a0 Altrincham is one of the few places in Greater Manchester with the h<\/em>\u0101m<\/em> element.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The AMBASSADOR<\/strong> was a \u2018super cinema\u2019 and variety theatre in Pendleton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The announcement of plans to build the new theatre \u2013 the first of a new generation of cinemas to be built outside London \u2013 coincided with the granting of city status to Salford in 1926.\u00a0 It opened on Christmas Eve 1928 and was, like many theatres and cinemas at the time, named the Ambassador.\u00a0 The original Ambassadors Theatre<\/em> was built in London in 1913 and named after the first British ambassadors \u2013 the word dates from the 14th<\/sup> century but it was only in 1893 that it was adopted as an official diplomatic title and theatres saw themselves as ambassadors for drama and the arts.\u00a0 The Ambassador in Salford became a bingo hall in 1961 and was demolished in 2004.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AMBERSWOOD<\/strong> is a 160-hectare nature reserve in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> that forms one of the sites of the Flashes of Wigan and Leigh<\/strong>.\u00a0 It occupies the site of Amberswood<\/em> Colliery, which began operations in 1855 and closed down as an opencast mine in 1988.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the opening of the mine in 1855 and the railway station in 1872.\u00a0 The name may literally mean \u2018wood where amber is found\u2019, from the Norman-French aumbre <\/em>+ Old English wudu<\/em>, but there are no place names in England listed with this derivation \u2013 the others are either eponyms or take their names from the Old English amore<\/em>, meaning \u2018bunting bird\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ANCHORAGE <\/strong>is a Metrolink tram stop in Salford Quays<\/strong> which was opened on 6 December 1999.\u00a0 It takes its name from the Anchorage<\/em> residential and commercial block located at the end of Erie Basin that was constructed in 1991.\u00a0 All the basins and localities in the redeveloped Salford Quays are named after places in North America, and so the Anchorage block is presumably named after Anchorage<\/em>, Alaska.\u00a0 <\/strong>Anchorage in Alaska was originally named Anchor Point<\/em> by Captain James Cook in 1778 but was later renamed Anchorage<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ANCOATS <\/strong>is an inner-city suburb of Manchester<\/strong> that was first recorded in 1212 as Einecote<\/em>.\u00a0 Its original meaning seems to \u2018lonely huts or cottages\u2019 from Old English \u0101na<\/em>, \u2018lonely\u2019, + cot<\/em>, \u2018cottage\u2019.\u00a0 The alternative theory that the original name was Annacots,<\/em> meaning \u2018Anna\u2019s cottages\u2019 or \u2018the dwelling of Anna\u2019 is now discounted.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ANGEL MEADOWS <\/strong>is a 3-hectare public park in central Manchester<\/strong> close to Victoria Station<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is set in what was an affluent area which took its name from St Michael and All Angels <\/em>Church, which was built in 1788, but it became one of the city\u2019s worst slums in the 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The area was cleared in the 1960s and Angel Meadows was laid out in 2004.\u00a0 See also<\/em> St Michael\u2019s Flags and Angel Meadow Park.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ANNIE LEE\u2019S <\/strong>playing fields in Gorton<\/strong> are after named after Annie Lee<\/em>, who was leader of the Openshaw<\/strong> Labour Party from the 1890s and, later, a Manchester alderman.\u00a0 She died in 1945.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AO ARENA\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> MANCHESTER ARENA<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
APETHORN BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises west of Gee Cross<\/strong> in Hyde <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> and flows north-west to empty into the Tame.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1750 and Apethorn<\/em> Farm<\/em> is thought to date back to the 15th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name probably means \u2018thorny wild-rose tree\u2019, from the Old English h<\/em>\u0113opa <\/em>+ thorn<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The APOLLO THEATRE<\/strong> is a theatre and music venue in Ardwick <\/strong>in the City of Manchester <\/strong>that was opened in August 1938.\u00a0 It is appropriately named after the Greek god Apollo<\/em>, the god of music, dance, poetry and the arts.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ARDEN PARK<\/strong> is a residential area south-east of Brinnington<\/strong> and Reddish<\/strong> Vale in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century as Arderne<\/em> or Hawardene, the family name of Sir John de Arderne<\/em> and his descendants.\u00a0 The family built Arden Hall in about 1597 but this had become derelict by the mid-19th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ARDWICK <\/strong>is an area of the City of Manchester<\/strong> about 1.5 kilometres south-east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1282 as Atheriswyke<\/em>, an eponym meaning \u2018Eadred <\/em>or \u00c6thelred<\/em>\u2019s farm or workplace\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + w<\/em>\u012bc <\/em>(\u2018homestead, farmstead, workplace\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ARMENTIERES SQUARE <\/strong>is a public retail and leisure area close to the Huddersfield Canal in central Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 Stalybridge was twinned with Armenti<\/em>\u00e8res<\/em> in northern France near the border of Belgium in 1995 and the square was named to commemorate this link.\u00a0 Armenti\u00e8res means \u2018cattle for ploughing\u2019 from the Gallo-Roman armentum.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ARMOURY BRIDGE <\/strong>is a road bridge over the main Manchester-London main line in Edgeley<\/strong> in Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The original bridge was built in the mid-19th<\/sup> century, presumably soon after Stockport station was opened by the Manchester & Birmingham Railway in 1843.\u00a0 It was replaced in 1958 and again in 2025.\u00a0 It takes its name from the nearby Stockport Armoury<\/em>, built in 1862 as a military establishment and still in use as a Territorial Army centre.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ARNDALE CENTRE<\/strong> is a large retail centre close to central Manchester<\/strong> that was opened in 1975. Many Arndale Centres were built across Britain in the 1960s and 1970s, of which Manchester was the largest.\u00a0 The name Arndale was formed from the names of the owners of the company that owned it \u2013 Arn<\/em>old Hagenbach and Sam Chippindale<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASH BROOK, ASHBROOK HEY\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>\u00a0Ashbrook Hey is a residential area of the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, north-east of Rochdale town centre, which takes its name from Ash Brook<\/em>, a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are several streams named Ash Brook in Britain, and all mean either \u2018the east brook\u2019, from Old English \u0113ast<\/em>\u00a0+\u00a0br\u014dc<\/em>\u00a0\u2018, or \u2019brook beside ash trees\u2019, from Old English\u00a0\u00e6sc<\/em>\u00a0+\u00a0br\u014dc<\/em>.\u00a0 The village of Ashbrook Hey grew up around a farmhouse of that name dating from 1673, which adds Hey, from Old English hecge<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a hedge\u2019), to the name of the stream to indicate that it was enclosed with a hedge.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASHBURTON<\/strong> is an area of Trafford Park<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1886, when the Ashburton Road bridge was built over the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is believed it is named after the 1st<\/sup> Baron Ashburton<\/em> (1731-1783), who was made Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster in 1782 and who had taken his title from Ashburton<\/em> in Devon.\u00a0 The name means \u2018village by the stream where ash trees grow\u2019, from the Old English \u00e6sc <\/em>(\u2018ash tree) + burna<\/em> (\u2018stream\u2019) + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018village\u2019).\u00a0 In 1973 there was a proposal to name the new metropolitan borough in south-west Greater Manchester Ashburton as it contained the letters of some of the main towns \u2013 A<\/strong>ltrincham, S<\/strong>ale\/S<\/strong>tretford, H<\/strong>ale, B<\/strong>owdon, U<\/strong>rmston and Warburton<\/strong>.\u00a0 However, this proposal was rejected and the name Trafford was adopted in 1974.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASHBURYS <\/strong>is a railway station in Openshaw<\/strong>, about 5 kilometres east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 Ashburys takes its name not from a location but from the Ashbury Railway Carriage & Iron Company<\/em> of Openshaw which originally paid for it to be built by the Sheffield Ashton-under-Lyne & Manchester Railway in July 1855.\u00a0 The company was founded in 1837 by John Ashbury <\/em>(1806-1866) and moved to Openshaw in 1847. \u00a0It was closed down in 1928 and the works were demolished in the early 1930s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASHLEY HEATH <\/strong>is a residential area south-west of Hale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford.\u00a0 <\/strong>The village of Ashley<\/em> in Cheshire<\/strong> is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Acelie<\/em>.\u00a0 Several kilometres to the north is the village of Ashley Heath, formerly in Cheshire but now in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 This name is not recorded until 1746 and comes from the Old English \u00e6sc<\/em> (\u2018ash\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018clearing; pasture\u2019) + h\u0101th <\/em>(\u2018uncultivated land of heather\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASHTON-IN-MAKERFIELD<\/strong>\u00a0is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are several places called Ashton<\/em> in Britain, all originally meaning \u2018ash-tree farmstead or village\u2019 and deriving their names from Old English\u00a0\u00e6sc +t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>, but some have defining additions to distinguish them from other Ashtons.\u00a0 \u00a0The situation was particularly confusing in the north-west as the Assheton family at one time owned what are now known as Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong>, Ashton-on-Mersey<\/strong>, and Ashton-on-Ribble.\u00a0 The first record of Ashton-in-Makerfield is in 1212 as Eston<\/em>.\u00a0 Most sources state vaguely that \u2018in-Makerfield\u2019 was added at a later date, but it was certainly in use by 1589, when the grammar school was founded.\u00a0 Makerfield <\/strong>is derived from an old Celtic name for a wall or ruin + Old English feld<\/em>, meaning \u2018open land\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASHTON MOSS<\/strong> is a residential area west of Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is uncertain when the separate name evolved but the moss<\/em> or bog land of the area was drained and cultivated in the 1830s and the Ashton or New Moss Colliery was opened in 1881.\u00a0 The colliery closed in 1959.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASHTON-UNDER-LYNE<\/strong>\u00a0is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are several places called Ashton<\/em> in Britain, all originally meaning \u2018ash-tree farmstead or village\u2019 and deriving their names from Old English\u00a0\u00e6sc +t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>, but some have defining additions to distinguish them from other Ashtons.\u00a0 \u00a0The situation was particularly confusing in the north-west as the Assheton family at one time owned what are now known as Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong>, Ashton-on-Mersey, and Ashton-on-Ribble.\u00a0 Ashton-under-Lyne is first recorded in about 1160 simply as Haistune <\/em>but is distinguished as Asshton<\/em> under Lyme<\/em> by 1305.\u00a0 Despite the spelling, lyme<\/em> does not mean \u2018lime\u2019 but refers to the ancient Lancashire Forest and is ultimately thought to derive from the Celtic name for \u2018elm\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASHTON UPON MERSEY<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0There are many places in England named Ashton<\/em>, all meaning \u2018farm or village near ash trees\u2019, and the situation was particularly confusing in the north-west as the Assheton family at one time owned what are now known as Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong>, Ashton-on-Mersey, and Ashton-on-Ribble.\u00a0 It is necessary to distinguish them by identifying their location or some other identifying feature.\u00a0 Ashton upon Mersey is a residential area of the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> roughly 8 kilometres south of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 It lies on the south bank of the River Mersey<\/strong>, hence its name.\u00a0 It is first mentioned simply as Ayston<\/em> in 1260 and Ashton <\/em>from about 1284.\u00a0 In 1421 it is distinguished as Assheton super Mercy<\/em>, as Ashton on Mersee Bank<\/em> in 1577 and as Ashton super Merseybanke<\/em> in 1584.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASHWAY <\/strong>is an area in the Peak District <\/strong>National Park in the north of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> that includes a number of locations and features.\u00a0 The name is not recorded until the early 19th<\/sup> century but is probably much older.\u00a0 The basic meaning is \u2018a road or track (Old English weg<\/em>) where ash trees (Old English \u00e6sc<\/em>) are found\u2019.\u00a0 Ashway gives its name to Ashway Gap (Old Norse gap<\/em> or Middle English gappe<\/em>, referring to a gap in the hills, perhaps that created by Greenfield<\/strong> Brook), Ashway Hey (Old English h<\/em>\u00e6g, meaning <\/em>\u2018enclosure\u2019), Ashway Moss (Old English mos<\/em>, \u2018swamp, bog\u2019) and Ashway Rocks (Old English rocc<\/em>, referring to a pile of rocks).\u00a0 Ashway Gap was the site of Ashway Gap House, a hunting lodge built in about 1850 by John Platt (1817-72), who, with his brother James (1823-57), owned Platt Brothers textile machinery company.\u00a0 On 27 August 1857 James Platt, who was MP for Oldham, was killed in a shooting accident and a memorial cross was erected near the spot where the accident happened by his brother, who later also became MP for Oldham.\u00a0 The house was demolished in 1981.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASHWORTH MOOR RESERVOIR<\/strong> is a large reservoir in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale <\/strong>constructed in 1898-1908.\u00a0 It takes its name from the nearby village of Ashworth<\/em> in Lancashire.\u00a0 The name means \u2018ash-tree enclosure\u2019 and is first recorded as Esworde<\/em> in about 1200 and as Asheworth<\/em> in 1347.\u00a0 It is derived from the Old English \u00e6sc<\/em> (\u2018ash tree\u2019) + worth<\/em> (\u2018enclosed settlement\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASPULL <\/strong>is a village north-east of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1212 as Aspul<\/em>, meaning \u2018hill where aspen-trees grow\u2019, from the Old English \u00e6sp<\/em> (\u2018aspen tree\u2019) + hyll<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019).\u00a0 The name provides evidence of aspens on high land in the area in mediaeval times, although today there are few trees.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASTLEY<\/strong> and ASTLEY GREEN <\/strong>are residential areas in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1210 as Astelegh<\/em> and with its modern spelling from 1479.\u00a0 It is derived from the Old English \u0113ast <\/em>(\u2018east\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018woodland clearing, glade\u2019) and could mean simply \u2018eastern wood or clearing\u2019.\u00a0 However, it is located about 5 kilometres east of the town of Leigh<\/strong> and so it is likely that it actually means \u2018east of Leigh\u2019.\u00a0 Astley gives its name to Astley Green, a village to the south, which is divided between Higher Green and Lower Green by the Bridgewater Canal,<\/strong> and to Astley Brook, a tributary of the River Tonge<\/strong>. \u00a0See also<\/em> WESTLEIGH<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASTLEY BRIDGE<\/strong> is a residential area of northern Bolton <\/strong>that was formerly in Lancashire.\u00a0 As the name suggests, it lies on Astley Brook, which rises near Halliwell<\/strong> and then flows east to meet Eagley<\/strong> Brook to form the River Tonge<\/strong>.\u00a0 Astley Bridge itself seems to have been known by various names, including Ashwood and Lower Sharples<\/strong>, until the second half of the 19th<\/sup> century, and the name was possibly standardised by the opening of the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway\u2019s Astley Bridge station in 1877.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASYLUM BROOK <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> MERE BROOK <\/strong>and MERE CLOUGH<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The ATHENAEUM <\/strong>is a building, now part of Manchester Art Gallery, which was originally built in 1837 for the Manchester Athenaeum, \u2018an institution for literary, political and scientific uses\u2019 which included Richard Cobden, Frederick Engels, Charles Dickens and Benjamin Disraeli among its members and speakers.\u00a0 It was named after the London Athenaeum<\/em>, founded in 1824, which in turn took its name from the Athenaeum in Rome built by the Emperor Hadrian (AD78-138), who named it after the temple of Athena<\/em>, the Greek goddess of wisdom, in Athens.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ATHERLEIGH <\/strong>is a district of Atherton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 Atherleigh <\/em>was not an existing place name but was invented for estates that had been developed after World War I by combining the first element of Ather<\/em>ton with nearby Leigh<\/em>.\u00a0 The name was standardised when the London Midland & Scottish Railway opened a station at Atherleigh in October 1935 to serve these residential areas.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ATHERTON <\/strong>is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 For much of the 19th<\/sup> century the town was known as Chowbent<\/strong>, and this name apparently continues in local use.\u00a0 In 1888 the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway called its new station Atherton Central.\u00a0 The name is first recorded as Aderton<\/em> in 1212 and the modern spelling was first used in 1322.\u00a0 There are two theories about the origin and meaning.\u00a0 One is that the name is means \u2018a farm or village of a man named \u00c6thelhere\u2019, from the Old English personal name \u01e2thelhere<\/em> + t\u016bn<\/em>, meaning \u2018farmstead or village\u2019. \u00a0<\/strong>The other is that it means \u2018the farmstead or village (t\u016bn<\/em>) of the little brook (Old English adre<\/em>)\u2019, probably in reference to Atherton Brook, a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ATOM VALLEY<\/strong> is an industrial and commercial development zone in the north of Greater Manchester, including the Northern Gateway in Bury<\/strong> and Rochdale<\/strong>, Kingsway<\/strong> Business Park in Rochdale and Stakehill<\/strong> in Rochdale and Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name was inspired by Silicon Valley<\/em> in California, and Atom refers to the original splitting of the atom<\/em> by Ernest Rutherford at Manchester University in 1917.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AUDENSHAW<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, about 8 kilometres east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1200 as Aldwynshawe<\/em>, meaning \u2018Aldwine\u2019s copse\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Aldwine<\/em> + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018wood, copse\u2019).\u00a0 The town lends its name to the three Audenshaw Reservoirs, which were built in 1877-82.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AUSTERLANDS<\/strong> is a suburb of Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> which was previously in West Yorkshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Osterlands<\/em> in 1722 and probably means \u2018cultivated lands (Old English land<\/em>) with a sheep-fold (eowestre<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AVIVA STUDIOS<\/strong> is a 13,300 square-metre venue for cultural events, exhibitions and concerts close to the centre of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was constructed on the site of the former Granada TV studios and took the name Aviva in 2023 following a sponsorship deal. \u00a0Aviva<\/em> PLC is a British insurance company whose name is a palindrome based on the Latin word viva<\/em>, meaning \u2018life, alive\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AVRO HERITAGE MUSEUM<\/strong> is an aeronautical museum in Woodford<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is built on the site of Woodford aerodrome and the factory of the Avro <\/em>aircraft company.\u00a0 Avro was established in 1907 and took its name from those of its founders, the brothers Alliott Verdon<\/em> Roe<\/em> (1877-1958) and Humphrey Verdon Roe<\/em> (1878-1949), who were both born in Patricroft<\/strong>.\u00a0 The company remained in production until 2011 and the museum opened on 13 November 2015.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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B<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BACKBOWER\u00a0<\/strong>is a residential area of Hyde<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded as Bower<\/em> Fold in 1831 and as Bank Bower<\/em> in 1842.\u00a0 Its derivation is from Old English banke<\/em> (\u2018river bank, hillside\u2019) + b<\/em>\u016br <\/em>(\u2018cottage, dwelling\u2019), so that Backbower means \u2018cottage on a hillside\u2019, referring to its position above Werneth<\/strong> Brook, a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong>. \u00a0See also<\/em> BOWER FOLD<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BACK O\u2019 TH\u2019 MOSS<\/strong> is a residential area north of Heywood<\/strong> town centre in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is recorded in the mid-19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0\u00a0 Moss<\/em> in this case is said to refer to a large meadow that was used for textile tentering or bleaching rather than the usual bog or swamp, although perhaps it had been a marshy area that had been drained.\u00a0 The higher ground behind Moss became known as Back o\u2019 th\u2019 Moss.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

BAG LANE <\/strong>is a small village in Atherton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1831, when the Bolton & Leigh Railway opened Bag Lane station to serve the village, which was close to a number of collieries.\u00a0 The origin of the name is obscure \u2013 there are no recorded textile or bag factories in the area.\u00a0 The most plausible suggestion is that the name is a corruption of Back Lane<\/em>, usually a service lane<\/em> running along the back <\/em>of properties for access and to deliver goods or collect rubbish and waste.\u00a0 The name is found from the 15th<\/sup> century and is common throughout England:\u00a0 there are 15 Back Lanes in Greater Manchester<\/strong>, including Back Lane in nearby Hulton, <\/em><\/strong>and over 200 street names including Back<\/em>, e.g. Back Shakerley Road<\/em>, which runs parallel to Shakerley<\/strong> Road in Tyldesley<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BAGSLATE MOOR <\/strong>is a residential area of Spotland<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century as Bagslade<\/em>, meaning \u2018Bacga\u2019s<\/em> valley\u2019, from an Anglo Saxon personal name + Old English sl<\/em>\u0153d<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019).\u00a0 Bagslate Moor is 204 metres\u00a0high and overlooks the valleys of the River Roch<\/strong> to the south and Naden Brook<\/strong> to the west.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BAGULEY <\/strong>is a residential area of Wythenshawe<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was formerly in Cheshire<\/strong> and is first recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Bagelei<\/em>, from bacga<\/em> or bagga<\/em>, which may be a personal name or the name of a wild animal, possibly a badger, + l\u0113ah<\/em>, meaning \u2018woodland clearing\u2019 or \u2018enclosure\u2019.\u00a0 It gives its name to Baguley Brook, a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BAILEY\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> NEW BAILEY<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BALDERSTONE <\/strong>is a district of the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, south of Rochdale town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1323 as Baldreston<\/em>, meaning \u2018Baldere\u2019s village\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018farm, village\u2019).\u00a0 At some time after the 16th<\/sup> century the second element was rationalised as \u2018stone\u2019 to give the modern spelling of the name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BALDINGSTONE <\/strong>is a village north of Walmsersley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but the village is known to date back to the 12th<\/sup> century and it may be an eponym derived from an Anglo-Saxon personal name + ingas- <\/em>(\u2018people of, family of\u2019) + t<\/em>\u016bn <\/em>(\u2018farm, village\u2019).<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

BAMFORD <\/strong>is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, west of the main town and north of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1282 as Baunford<\/em> and the modern spelling is found from 1284.\u00a0 The meaning is \u2018ford with a beam\u2019, referring to a wooden footbridge over a tributary of the Roch<\/strong>, from Old English beam<\/em> (\u2018tree, beam\u2019) + ford<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BAMFURLONG <\/strong>is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, south of Wigan town centre.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1442 as Banforthlang<\/em>, meaning \u2018furlong or strip of land where beans are grown\u2019, from Old English bean<\/em> + furh<\/em> (\u2018furrow\u2019) + lang <\/em>(\u2018length\u2019).\u00a0 Together, furh <\/em>+ lang<\/em> gave the modern measure of a furlong<\/em> (\u2018the distance an ox could plough without resting\u2019).\u00a0 Bamfurlong is one of the few place names in Greater Manchester that makes reference to a food crop.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BANK BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises on Castleshaw<\/strong> Moor in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows south into Castleshaw Upper Reservoir.\u00a0 The origin and meaning are not well documented but would seem to be literal:\u00a0 \u2018the stream that flows down a slope or bank<\/em> (Old Norse banke<\/em>)\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARDSLEY <\/strong>is a suburban area of south Oldham<\/strong> that lies north of the River Medlock<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1422 as Bardesley<\/em> and Bardsley<\/em>, meaning \u2018the wood or clearing of someone called Beard <\/em>or Beornr<\/em>\u01e3d<\/em>\u2019, from an Anglo-Saxon personal name + l\u0113ah<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

BARDSLEY GATE <\/strong>is a village south of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1842 but is almost certainly far older, probably sharing its origin with Bardsley<\/strong> in Oldham<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARFOOT BRIDGE <\/strong>or BARFOOT AQUEDUCT <\/strong>in Sale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> was built in 1765 to carry the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong> over the River Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0 A second bridge was built alongside the first in 1898-1907 to take the Manchester South Junction & Altrincham Railway\u2019s line across the Mersey.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 12th<\/sup> century as Barfotehalt<\/em>, from the Old English baerfot<\/em> (\u2018barefoot\u2019) + halh<\/em> (\u2018nook, corner of land\u2019).\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARLEY BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Douglas<\/strong> that rises in Beech Hill<\/strong> and flows south to join the Douglas west of Wigan<\/strong> near Laithwaite<\/strong>, although it is culverted for much of its length.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1908 and is probably quite literal:\u00a0 \u2018the brook<\/em> that flows through an area where barley<\/em> is grown\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARLOW FOLD<\/strong> is an area south of Bury<\/strong> on the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 Barlow is recorded in 1254 as Barlowe<\/em>, meaning \u2018barley hill\u2019, from Old English bere<\/em> (\u2018barley\u2019) + hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019, usually an artificial mound).\u00a0 Fold may be a later addition, from Old English fald<\/em>, \u2018an enclosure for animals or people\u2019 or fold<\/em>, \u2018a small group of cottages and farm buildings\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARLOW FOLD <\/strong>is a residential area north-east of Romiley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 17th<\/sup> century and most buildings date from the 18th<\/sup>.\u00a0 The name means \u2018an enclosure where barley is grown or stored\u2019 from Old English bere<\/em> (\u2018barley\u2019) + hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019) + fald<\/em>, \u2018an enclosure for animals or people\u2019 or fold<\/em>, \u2018a small group of cottages and farm buildings\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARLOW MOOR <\/strong>is a locality in south Manchester <\/strong>that is named after the Barlow<\/em> family, who came from Derbyshire<\/strong>, where the village of Barlow was mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Barleie<\/em>, meaning \u2018boar clearing\u2019 or \u2018barley clearing\u2019.\u00a0 The Barlows moved to Lancashire in the 13th<\/sup> century and their manor house is referred to in 1254 as Barlowe<\/em>.\u00a0 Their later home, Barlow Hall, was built in 1584 and now belongs to the Chorlton-cum-Hardy<\/strong> Golf Club.\u00a0 Barlow Moor is mentioned in May 1644, when Prince Rupert, the Royalist commander, camped his troops on Barloe More<\/em> during the Civil War.\u00a0 Barlow Moor is mentioned as a \u2018chapelry\u2019 in 1870.\u00a0 An area beside the River Mersey<\/strong> is known as Barlow Ees, meaning \u2018the land close to Barlow Moor liable to flooding\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARNES GREEN <\/strong>is a residential area of Harphurey<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>, north of the city centre and east of the River Irk<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1443 as Berne Grene<\/em>, meaning literally \u2018the village green with or by some barns\u2019, from Old English bern<\/em> + grene<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARNES HOSPITAL <\/strong>and BARNES VILLAGE\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>Barnes Hospital in Cheadle<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport <\/strong>was built in 1871-1875 as a convalescent hospital with funding provided by Robert Barnes<\/em> (1800-1871), a cotton mill owner who had been Mayor of Manchester<\/strong> in 1851-1853.\u00a0 The hospital closed in 1999 and from 2015 was converted into a residential development named Barnes Village.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u201cBARNEY\u2019S STEPS\u201d <\/strong>See <\/em>COLLYHURST FOOTBRIDGE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARNSFOLD <\/strong>is a hamlet south-west of Marple<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 Barnsfold Manor Farm dates from 1659 and the name is eponymous:\u00a0 George Barns<\/em> (died 1699) + Old English fald <\/em>(\u2018enclosure for animals\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARRACK HILL <\/strong>is a residential locality in Romiley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1780 no actual military barracks<\/em> on a hill<\/em> appears on 19th-century maps.\u00a0 Family records as far back as 1839 suggest that troops were stationed in this location at that date.\u00a0 However, the name may come from another early meaning of barrack<\/em> \u2013 a simple or temporary shelter, not necessarily with any military association.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARRACK PARK <\/strong>is 2.2-hectare public park and sports facility in Hulme<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the Hulme cavalry barracks<\/em>, which were built in about 1817 and housed the 15th<\/sup> King\u2019s Hussars, who took part in the infamous \u2018Peterloo\u2019 massacre in St Peter\u2019s <\/strong>Field 1819.\u00a0 The barracks were demolished in 1914 and converted into a public park which was initially known as St George\u2019s<\/strong> Park, but was renamed Barrack Park in 1994.\u00a0 See also <\/em>NEW BARRACKS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARROW BRIDGE<\/strong> is a village in Halliwell<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The land was originally owned by the Barrow<\/em> family, whose farm was divided by Dean Brook<\/strong> with a bridge connecting the two parts.\u00a0 Some of their land was sold in the late 18th<\/sup> century to build a cotton mill.\u00a0 In 1830 the rest of the farm was sold, the mill demolished and two steam-powered mills were built.\u00a0 The workers were accommodated in a model village, which eventually became known as Barrow Bridge.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARROW BROOK <\/strong>today is a distributary of the River Mersey<\/strong>, feeding water from the Mersey south of Chorlton-cum-Hardy<\/strong> to Sale Water Park<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears on the 1842 Ordnance Survey map but Sale Water Park was a by-product of the construction of the M60 motorway in the 1970s, suggesting that at one time it flowed into the Mersey.\u00a0 The name is thought to derive from Old English bearu<\/em>, meaning \u2018grove, small wood\u2019, or bearg<\/em>, meaning \u2018a barrow pig, a castrated boar\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARROWSHAW <\/strong>is a small residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, north of the town itself.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is recorded in 1633 as now spelled but divided into Further and Nearer Barrowshaw.\u00a0 Today the area is divided between Higher Barrowshaw in the north and Near Barrowshaw in the south.\u00a0 The derivation is uncertain, but may be Old English bearu<\/em> (\u2018grove\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse, small wood\u2019).<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

BARTON MOSS<\/strong> is a residential area of Eccles<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 It is recorded from 1196 simply as Barton<\/em>, meaning \u2018barley farm or village,\u2019 from Old English bere<\/em> + t<\/em>\u016bn.\u00a0 Moss<\/em>, meaning \u2018bog or swamp\u2019, was added at a later date.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARTON-UPON-IRWELL<\/strong>, also called BARTON-ON-IRWELL<\/strong> or simply BARTON<\/strong>, is a suburb of the City of Salford<\/strong> beside the River Irwell<\/strong> and the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1196 simply as Barton<\/em> but by 1277 it is found as Barton on Irrewelle<\/em>.\u00a0 Barton<\/em> means \u2018barley farm or village,\u2019 from Old English bere<\/em> + t<\/em>\u016bn, <\/em>and adding a reference to its location on the Irwell may distinguish it from Barton Moss<\/strong> or other Bartons in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 <\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

River BEAL<\/strong> is a short river that rises north-east of Rochdale<\/strong> and flows about 15 kilometres north-west to join the River Roch<\/strong> at Belfield<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1200 as Bole<\/em>, which may be an old Celtic river name or a derivation of the Old English b\u0113ag<\/em>, meaning \u2018river bend\u2019, which would aptly describe the meandering course of the river.\u00a0 The river gives its name to Belfield<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BEALEY\u2019S GOIT<\/strong> is an artificial waterway east of Radcliffe <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in about 1760 to take water from the River Irwell<\/strong> to Bealey\u2019s bleaching works.\u00a0 It takes its name from the Old English goit<\/em> (\u2018channel, stream\u2019) cut to supply the works built by William Bealey <\/em>(1683-1763).\u00a0 The works were demolished in 1980 but the Bealey family donated their estate to the people of Radcliffe in 1925 and this is now Close Park<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BEAT BANK CANAL <\/strong>was planned to link the Stockport <\/strong>Branch Canal with the coal mines of the hamlet of Beat Bank in Denton<\/strong>, a distance of about 5.5 kilometres.\u00a0 It was authorised in 1793 but abandoned in 1798 when about 60% had been built.\u00a0 The name of Beat Bank is recorded in 1645 and is thought to derive from Old English byht<\/em> (meaning \u2018a bend or curve\u2019, referring to the meandering of the River Tame<\/strong>) + banke<\/em> (\u2018bank, slope\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BEDFORD<\/strong> is a suburb of Leigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The town of Leigh<\/strong> was formed in 1875 from the merger of Pennington<\/strong>, Westleigh<\/strong> and Bedford.\u00a0 Bedford itself is recorded in 1201 as Bedeford<\/em>, meaning \u2018Beda\u2019s ford\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name B\u0113da<\/em> + ford<\/em>, probably a ford across Pennington <\/strong>Brook, a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 Bedford also gives its name to Bedford Brook<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BEECH HILL <\/strong>is a suburb of north-west Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but there was a large house called Beech Hill Hall in the area dating from the late 17th<\/sup> century, and the area was heavily wooded even in the mid-19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It therefore seems likely that the name can be taken literally to mean \u2018beech tree hill\u2019 from the Old English b\u0113ce\u00a0+ hyll.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BEESLEY GREEN <\/strong>is or was an area of Worsley<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>, and it now forms part of the Roe Green<\/strong>\/<\/p>\n

Beesley Green conservation area.\u00a0 The name seems to date from the late 16th<\/sup> century, when a Thomas Beesley<\/em> and his descendants farmed the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

BEETHAM TOWER<\/strong> is a 47-storey commercial and residential skyscraper at the southern end of Deansgate<\/strong> in central Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was completed in 2006 and, at 169 metres, was at the time the tallest building in Britain outside London.\u00a0 It is named after its builders and owners, the Beetham <\/em>Organisation, a property development company based in Liverpool.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BELFIELD<\/strong> is a district of Rochdale<\/strong> about 2 kilometres east-north-east of the town centre at the confluence of the River Beal<\/strong> and the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The River Beal <\/em>gives its name to Belfield, which is recorded in 1310 as Belefeld<\/em>, meaning simply \u2018the field by the River Beal\u2019.\u00a0 The derivation of the river name is uncertain but a possibility is the Old English b\u0113ag<\/em>, meaning \u2018river bend\u2019, which would aptly describe the meandering course of the river.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The BELL <\/strong>is a greenbelt area west of Kitt Green<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Bell<\/em> House Farm, but the derivation is uncertain:\u00a0 it may be the family name Bell<\/em>, a reference to the local 17th<\/sup>-18th<\/sup> century bell<\/em>-making industry of the Orrell<\/strong> and Markland (see Martland Mill<\/strong>) families, or a reference to the many bell<\/em> pits that were employed to mine shallow seams of coal in the Wigan area from the 16th<\/sup> to 19th<\/sup> centuries.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BELLE VUE <\/strong>is now a district in eastern Manchester<\/strong> that takes its name from the large zoo and amusement park that stood in the area until November 1987.\u00a0 This was originally opened in 1834 as \u2018Belle Vue Tea Gardens\u2019, taking its name from the French for \u2018beautiful view\u2019.\u00a0 The site and its facilities were gradually extended but it went into decline in the 1970s and the last speedway event was held in 1987.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BENCHILL<\/strong> is a residential area of Wythenshawe<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>, roughly 13 kilometres south of the city centre.\u00a0 Residential development started before World War II but the name dates from the start of the late 13th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It was recorded in 1289 as Bangengehull<\/em>, meaning \u2018the hill belonging to B<\/em>\u0113age<\/em> or B<\/em>\u01e3ga<\/em>\u2019, from an Anglo-Saxon personal name + -ing-<\/em> (\u2018belonging to\u2019) + hyll <\/em>(\u2018hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BENTCLIFFE <\/strong>was a mediaeval estate of Salford<\/strong> that is now recalled in Bentcliffe Park, a small neighbourhood in Eccles<\/strong>.\u00a0 Bentcliffe Mill was originally built before 1800 and was later part-owned by Friedrich Engels.\u00a0 The name is recorded from 1550 but was variously spelled Bentcliffe<\/em>, Bencliffe<\/em>, Beancliffe<\/em> and Beaucliffe<\/em>.\u00a0 The meaning is usually given as \u2018the cliff where bent or coarse grass grows\u2019, from the Old English beonet<\/em> + clif<\/em>, but clearly the meaning would change if an alternative spelling reflected the true origin.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BENTGATE <\/strong>is a residential area of Newhey in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> that is located north-east of a large bend<\/em> in the River Beal<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are several places with this name in north-west England, none of them well documented.\u00a0 Given its location, it seems likely that its meaning is \u2018curved road\u2019, from Old English bend<\/em> (\u2018bend, twist\u2019) + Old Norse gata <\/em>(\u2018road\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BENT LANES BROOK <\/strong>was originally a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong> but it now empties into the Manchester Ship<\/strong> Canal<\/strong> in Calder Bank <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford.<\/strong>\u00a0 It rises in Streford<\/strong> as Longford<\/strong> Brook and as Bent Lanes Brook it flows west and north-west through Davyhulme<\/strong>.\u00a0 While there is a Bent Lane in Prestwich<\/strong> named after the Bent family, who built Bent House in the mid-18th<\/sup> century, the brook takes its name from an aptly-named crooked street in Urmston <\/strong>and appears on maps from the 1840s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BESOM HILL <\/strong>is a 357-metre high hill north-east of Oldham<\/strong> that also gives its name to a 9.5-hectare country park and Besom reservoir.\u00a0 The hill is known to be a place of ancient habitation dating back to the Neolithic period 7000-10,000 years ago but the name is not well documented.\u00a0 It is said to be taken from the Old English besom<\/em>, meaning \u2018a broom made from twigs bound together round a handle\u2019, probably because it was a location for the twigs used to make besoms.\u00a0 The hill gives its name to Besom Hill Reservoir, which was built in about 1860.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BESSES O’ TH’ BARN<\/strong> is a district of Whitefield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name was originally that of an inn owned by a landlady called Bess that was either near a barn or looked like a barn.\u00a0 The inn was originally called the Dog Inn or Bowling Green but was renamed in 1821 and the name was gradually applied to the surrounding village.\u00a0 The name was standardised by the London Midland & Scottish Railway in 1931 when a station was opened to serve a large new housing estate in the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BESWICK <\/strong>is an inner-city area of Manchester<\/strong> on the River Medlock<\/strong> that was formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was recorded as Beaces hlaw<\/em> in 917.\u00a0 The Old English hlaw<\/em> meant \u2018mound or hill\u2019, and Beac<\/em> is thought to be a personal name.\u00a0 The name evolved to Bexwik <\/em>by 1200-1223, with w<\/em>\u012bc<\/em> meaning \u2018settlement or farm\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BEVIS GREEN <\/strong>is a residential area of Walmersley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is little-documented before a cotton mill was built there in 1810, which, after it was demolished, became the site of a housing estate built in the 2020s.\u00a0 The name might be an eponym:\u00a0 the family name Bevis<\/em> is said to derive either from the French town of Beauvais <\/em>(from the Gaulish Bellovaci tribe) or from the old French bel + fiz<\/em>, meaning \u2018beautiful son\u2019.\u00a0 However, Bevis Marks in London is an orthographic corruption of Bury\u2019s<\/em> (in this case referring to Bury St Edmunds) and so the possibility that Bevis Green was originally Bury\u2019s Green cannot be ruled out until there is firmer research evidence of the name\u2019s origin.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BEXLEY SQUARE<\/strong> is a public space in front of what was originally Salford<\/strong> town hall.\u00a0 It is named after Lord Bexley <\/em>(1766-1851), who as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster from 1823-1828 laid the foundation stone on 30 August 1825.\u00a0 The town hall was completed in 1827.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BICKERSHAW<\/strong> is part of Abram<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, approximately 5 kilometres south of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1200 as Bikersah<\/em> and Bikesah<\/em>, meaning \u2018bee-keepers\u2019 copse or wood\u2019, from Old English bicere<\/em> + sceaga<\/em>.\u00a0 It gives its name to the 247-hectare Bickershaw Country Park, which forms part of the Flashes of Wigan and Leigh<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BILLINGE, BILLINGE HIGHER END <\/strong>or HIGHER END<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0Billinge is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of St Helens in Merseyside<\/strong>, but Billinge Higher End (or just Higher End) is an area in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 Both were formerly in Lancashire<\/strong> but were separated in 1974.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1202 as Billin\u1e21<\/em>, meaning \u2018settlement of the people on the pointed hill\u2019, from the Old English billa<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018promontory,\u00a0point of a sword\u2019) + –ing<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018people of\u2019).\u00a0 End <\/em>is quite literal:\u00a0 the end<\/em> of a settlement or village.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BILL O\u2019JACKS PLANTATION <\/strong>is a forested area north west of Greenfield<\/strong> Brook and Yeoman Hey Reservoir<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from William Bradbury, known locally as Bill O\u2019Jack<\/em> (i.e. the son of Jack), the 84-year old landlord of the Moor Cock Inn, who was murdered on 2 April 1832, along with his 46-year old son, Thomas (Tom O\u2019Bill).\u00a0 The pub became known as Bill O\u2019Jacks and when it was demolished in 1937 the name was adopted for the plantation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BILLY GROUND <\/strong>is a rural area of Saddleworth <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1832 but its origin is uncertain:\u00a0 it is unlikely that it indicates that the land was once owned by someone called William; more likely is that it is from the Old Norse or Old English byle<\/em>, meaning \u2018rounded hill\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BILLY PIT BROOK <\/strong>is a stream that flows into the Leeds & Liverpool Canal from near Crooke<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name originates from the Billy Pit<\/em>, more properly the William Pit Colliery that was opened in 1803 but worked out and closed in 1846.\u00a0 The colliery may have been named after William<\/em> Hustler, one of the Yorkshire Quakers who originally invested in the mine.\u00a0 Alternatively, it could have been named after William<\/em> Ellam, the agent and manager.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BIRCH<\/strong> is an area north-west of Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1246 as Birches<\/em>, meaning \u2018birch trees\u2019, from the Old English birce<\/em>.\u00a0 This is one of the many landscape names indicating the types of trees growing locally in mediaeval times.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BIRCHEN BROOK <\/strong>or BIRCHEN CLOUGH <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises on Saddleworth<\/strong> Moor and flows south into Dovestone Reservoir<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded on the 1843 Ordnance Survey map and means \u2018the stream (Old English br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em>) or ravine (cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>) where birch trees (birce<\/em>) are found).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BIRCH MOSS COVERT NATURE RESERVE<\/strong> is a 6.1-hectare wildlife reserve in Broadheath<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 Birch Moss appears on an 1831 map and means \u2018swamp where birch trees are found\u2019, from Old English birce<\/em> + mos<\/em>.\u00a0 The area had been used for farming but was developed as a wildlife reserve from 1972 and was officially opened in 1980.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BIRKS<\/strong> is a small residential area north-east of Oldham<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is said to derive from the Old Norse birki<\/em>, meaning \u2018birch tree\u2019.\u00a0 \u00a0This would be one of the many places in Greater Manchester<\/strong> taking its name from a type of tree.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BIRTENSHAW<\/strong> is an area in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1277 as Byrkenshaw<\/em>, meaning \u2018birch copse\u2019, from Old English bircen<\/em> (\u2018birch tree\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse, small wood\u2019), referring to the ancient once-wooded landscape of much of Greater Manchester<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BIRTLE<\/strong> is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, west of the town of Rochdale itself.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1246 as Birkel<\/em>, meaning \u2018birch tree hill\u2019, from Old English birce<\/em> (\u2018birch\u2019) + hyll<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019), referring to a 282-metre hill nearby.\u00a0 The name is one of many examples of place names taken from the landscape of pre-Norman Britain.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLACK BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong> which rises in Tottington<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury <\/strong>and flows roughly east for 266 metres to join with Kirklees Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is one of several streams called Black Brook in north-west England, all meaning literally \u2018dark, black (Old English bl<\/em>\u00e6c<\/em>) brook (br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLACK CHEW HEAD<\/strong> is a hill in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and, at 542 metres, the highest point in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1468 as Blackchew-hede<\/em>, meaning \u2018black valley head\u2019, from the Old English blaec <\/em>(\u2018black\u2019) + c\u0113o<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019) + h\u0113afod <\/em>(\u2018head, headland, river source\u2019).\u00a0 The \u2018valley\u2019 refers to that of Chew Brook<\/strong>, which rises on its western slopes and flows to Dovestones<\/strong> Reservoir before joining the River Tame<\/strong> at Greenfield<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLACKFORD BRIDGE<\/strong> is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury <\/strong>that lies on the River Roch<\/strong> just above its confluence with the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but it is thought that Blackford refers to an ancient ford across the Black Brook or dark river, i.e. the Roch, on the road between Manchester<\/strong> and Bury.\u00a0 The first bridge had been built by 1551 and the name Blackford Bridge<\/em> is recorded in 1667.\u00a0 This bridge was replaced in the mid-18th<\/sup> century and a new bridge was built in 1903.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

BLACKFRIARS\u00a0<\/strong>is a suburb of the City of Salford<\/strong> on the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Blackfriars<\/em> Bridge over the Irwell and connects Salford with Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The first Blackfriars Bridge was built in 1761 to provide access to a theatre in Salford.\u00a0 There are two related theories about its naming.\u00a0 One is that it was named after Blackfriars Bridge<\/em> across the Thames in London, which was built in 1760-1769 and was itself named for a 13th<\/sup>-century Dominican monastery north of the Thamas.\u00a0 The second is that it was named after the old Blackfriars theatres in London, the first of which was built on the site of the Blackfriars monastery in 1576.\u00a0 The original Salford bridge was demolished in 1817 and replaced by the present bridge, which was opened in 1820.\u00a0 Blackfriars is an early example of a transferred name and one which seems to have been intended to gentrify parts of Salford and Manchester.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLACK LANE<\/strong> is a residential area north of Radcliffe<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented.\u00a0 It is evidently named after its position on a road going north towards the moors and the name was standardised by the Lancashire & Yorkshire when it opened Black Lane station on 20 November 1848.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLACKLEACH COUNTRY PARK<\/strong> is a 50-hectare nature reserve just north of Walkden<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1250 as Blakelache<\/em>, although the location is difficult to verify.\u00a0 The name means \u2018black stream or bog\u2019 from Old English blak<\/em> + lache <\/em>(\u2018boggy stream\u2019).\u00a0 Modern Blackleach dates from 1778, when it was developed as an industrial site with chemical works.\u00a0 The polluted site was derelict by 1976 but was transformed into a nature reserve, which was opened in 2004.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLACKLEY <\/strong>is a residential district on the River Irk<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>, about 8 kilometres north of the city centre.\u00a0 Some sources state that Blackley <\/em>is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086, but the earliest record is usually put at 1282, when it is given as Blakeley<\/em>, meaning \u2018black or dark wood or clearing\u2019, from Old English bl<\/em>\u00e6c<\/em> + l\u0113ah.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLACKMOOR <\/strong>is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1210 as Blakemore<\/em>, literally meaning \u2018black moor\u2019, from Old English bl<\/em>\u00e6c<\/em> + m<\/em>\u014dr.<\/em>\u00a0 Blackmoor is further west than most of the other moors in Greater Manchester<\/strong> and it is likely that the original meaning here would have been \u2018marshy land\u2019 rather than \u2018barren upland\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLACK MOSS COVERT NATURE RESERVE <\/strong>is a 2.1-hectare site of biological importance west of Altrincham<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It seemingly takes its name from Black Moss Farm<\/em>, which appears on maps of 1831, although the name is probably much older.\u00a0 It is derived from the Old English bl<\/em>\u00e6c <\/em>(\u2018black, dark\u2019) + mos <\/em>(\u2018marsh, bog\u2019).<\/em>\u00a0 \u2018Covert<\/em>\u2019 is a mediaeval borrowing from French that is applied particularly to a thicket in which animals or game can hide.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLACK MOSS RESERVOIRS <\/strong>are two reservoirs built in the early 19th<\/sup> century to supply water to the Huddersfield Narrow Canal.\u00a0 Black Moss Reservoir is in Kirklees in Lancashire<\/strong>, while Little Moss<\/strong> Reservoir is in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 They take their names from Black Moss<\/em>, a moorland area to the east in the Peak District<\/strong> National Park.\u00a0 The name is derived from the Old English bl<\/em>\u00e6c <\/em>(\u2018black, dark\u2019) + mos <\/em>(\u2018marsh, bog\u2019).<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLACKROD<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, west of the town centre.\u00a0 It is recorded in about 1188 as Blacherode<\/em>, meaning \u2018dark clearing\u2019, from Old English bl<\/em>\u00e6c<\/em> + rodu<\/em>, referring to the darkness of the clearing rather than the colour of the trees or the soil.\u00a0 A second, less likely theory is that the \u2018rod\u2019 might be the Holy Rood, the cross of Christ, from the Old English rod.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLACKSHAW BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Croal<\/strong> which rises east of Bottom o\u2019 the Moor and flows south and south-west to Pocket <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton <\/strong>where Middle Brook<\/strong> becomes the Croal.\u00a0 It gives its name to Blackshaw Brook, a 10.8-hectare woodland area.\u00a0 The name means \u2018small black wood\u2019, from Old English bl<\/em>\u00e6c <\/em>+ sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLACKSTONE EDGE <\/strong>is a 472-metre escarpment in the Pennines<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> on the boundary between Greater Manchester<\/strong> and West Yorkshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1291 as Blackesteyenegge <\/em>and with its modern spelling from 1551.\u00a0 It gives its name to Blackstone Edge Reservoir, built in 1798 to supply water to the Rochdale Canal.\u00a0\u00a0 The name literally means \u2018black stone\u2019 from Middle English blak<\/em> + st<\/em>\u0101n<\/em>, referring to the colour of the gritstone of which it is composed, + ecg <\/em>(\u2018edge\u2019).\u00a0 This appearance struck Celia Fiennes, who rode up Blackstone Edge in 1698 and said that was \u2018noted all over England for a dismal high precipice\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLATCHINWORTH <\/strong>is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1276 as Blackenworthe<\/em>.\u00a0 It might mean \u2018Blaeca\u2019s enclosed settlement\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + -ingas-<\/em> (\u2018belonging to\u2019) + worth<\/em>, or it could mean \u2018bleaching area\u2019, from Old English bl<\/em>\u01e3con <\/em>(\u2018bleaching\u2019) + worth<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLEAK HEY NOOK<\/strong> is a hamlet of former weavers\u2019 cottages on Saddleworth<\/strong> Moor north-east of Delph<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in baptismal records in 1813 and is descriptive, coming from Middle English bl<\/em>\u00e6c <\/em>(\u2018bleak, dark\u2019) + h<\/em>\u00e6ag<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019) + n<\/em>\u014dk<\/em> (\u2018nook of land; triangular plot\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLUE PITS<\/strong> or BLUE PITS VILLAGE<\/strong> was the original name for Castleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented until the late 18th<\/sup> century, when the Rochdale Canal was being constructed and its highest lock was called Blue Pit from the blue clay<\/em> extracted from a local quarry.\u00a0 The name of the village was changed to Castleton in 1875, when it became an urban district council.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOARDMAN BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irk<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises north of Blackley<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong> and flows north-west to empty into the Irk east of Rhodes<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Boardman\u2019s<\/em> Tenement or Estate, which is recorded in 1808 as the site of Harpurhey<\/strong> Hall.\u00a0 The apostrophe suggests that it was named after a local family, but one source suggests that a \u2018boardman\u2019 was a tenant (i.e. a boarder<\/em>) who paid rent in kind.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOARSHAW <\/strong>is residential area in north-east Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale <\/strong>which also gives its name to Boarshaw Clough, a 6-hectare recreational area and nature site.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but, according to local legend, the area was once a forest that was home to wild boar and in the 15th<\/sup> century Sir Ralph Assheton found a boar attacking Margaret Barton, a local heiress.\u00a0 He killed the boar and the two were later married.\u00a0 The event seems to have been commemorated in the name, derived from bar<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a boar\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse, small wood\u2019). \u00a0\u00a0Clough comes from Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em> (\u2018deep valley\u2019), referring to the valley of Whit Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOAR\u2019S HEAD <\/strong>is a residential area in Standish<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, north of Wigan town centre.\u00a0 It is said to take its name from a local pub dating from the 13th<\/sup> century and thought to be one of the oldest in England.\u00a0 Boar\u2019s Head lies close to the River Douglas <\/strong>at a point where the roads to Preston, Chorley and Wigan meet.\u00a0 The name of the district was standardised when the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway and the Lancashire Union Railways opened a joint station named Boar\u2019s Head on 1 December 1869.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOARSHURST <\/strong>is a rural area of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>close to the moors of Saddleworth<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is recorded in 1583 and presumably means \u2018the wooded hill where boars are found\u2019, from the Old English bar<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a boar\u2019) + hyrst <\/em>(\u2018wooded hill\u2019), referring to the local wildlife and landscape.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOGGART HOLE CLOUGH<\/strong> is a 76-hectare country park in Blackley<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1867, and in 1893, when Manchester Corporation purchased the land for health and recreational reasons.\u00a0 However, it is evident that some of its elements may derive from earlier times:\u00a0 a boggart<\/em> is a dialect word for an evil goblin or sprite dating from 1570 according to the Oxford English Dictionary<\/em>;\u00a0 Hole<\/em> may well be the house that was haunted by the boggart rather than a lake; and it is said that in the 17th<\/sup> century the area was known simply as \u2018the clough\u2019<\/em>, referring to a wooded valley, from Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>.\u00a0 Taken together, the name would mean \u2018the wooded valley with a house haunted by an evil goblin\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOGGART STONES <\/strong>is a rock formation on Saddleworth<\/strong> Moor in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The stones<\/em> are said to be haunted by a boggart<\/em>, a north-western dialect term for an evil or mischievous goblin.\u00a0 The landmark is shown on the Ordnance Survey map of 1843 but boggart<\/em> is first recorded in 1570.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOLHOLT <\/strong>is an area within the Metropolitan Borough of Bury <\/strong>that also gives its name to a 20-hectare country park.\u00a0 The name is not well documented, although Bolholt House<\/em> is said to date from the early 17th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name means \u2018wood on a smooth, rounded hill\u2019, from the Old English bol <\/em>(\u2018rounded hill\u2019) + holt <\/em>(\u2018wood, thicket\u2019).\u00a0 In 1969 Bolholt House and estate were converted into a country park.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River BOLLIN <\/strong>is a tributary of the Mersey<\/strong> which rises in the Derbyshire<\/strong> Peak District<\/strong>, flows through northern Cheshire<\/strong> and beneath Manchester Airport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It then forms the border between Cheshire and Greater Manchester<\/strong> before joining the Mersey at Rixton in Cheshire.\u00a0 The name is first found as Bolyn<\/em> in about 1275.\u00a0 The origin of the name is unclear \u2013 one suggestion is Old English b<\/em>\u014dl<\/em> + hlynn<\/em>, meaning \u2018a noisy river or torrent\u2019.\u00a0 The river lends its name to Bollington in Cheshire:\u00a0 the t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> or \u2018farm on the Bollin\u2019.\u00a0 Apart from Cotterill <\/strong>Brook and the River Dean<\/strong>, all of the Bollin\u2019s tributaries are in Cheshire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOLLINHURST BROOK<\/strong> is a tributary of the Mersey <\/strong>that rises in the Derbyshire<\/strong> Peak District<\/strong> and flows some 15 kilometres to its confluence with the Mersey near Cheadle<\/strong>.\u00a0 Its name changes at various points along the way.\u00a0 At its source it is Bollinhurst Brook, from the Middle English bolling<\/em> (\u2018pollarding, the cropping of branches from the trunk for poles or wattles\u2019) + hyrst<\/em>, \u2018a wooded hill\u2019.\u00a0 It then becomes Norbury Brook (see <\/em>Norbury<\/strong>), Bramhall Brook (see<\/em> Bramhall<\/strong>), the Ladybrook<\/strong> (probably from \u2018our Lady\u2019, the mother of Christ) and finally the Micker Brook<\/strong> (perhaps Old English micel,<\/em> \u2018big, great\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOLSHAW OUTWOOD<\/strong> is a residential area of Heald Green <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally an area of waste or common ground that was enclosed as farmland in the early 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Bolshaw was recorded in 1380 as Bolshagh<\/em>, meaning \u2018pollarded copse\u2019, from Old English bola\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018tree-trunk, a log, a plank\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018small wood, copse\u2019).\u00a0 Outwood<\/em> is recorded in 1586 and means \u2018outlying wood\u2019, from Old English \u016bt<\/em> + wudu<\/em>.\u00a0 The combined name of Bolshaw Outwood is found from 1812.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOLTON <\/strong>is a town, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>, and a metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester<\/strong> since 1974.\u00a0 It was recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Bodeltun<\/em> and as Bolton<\/em> since 1307.\u00a0 Until 1838, the town was divided between Little Bolton and Great Bolton, with the two separated by the River Croal<\/strong>.\u00a0 In that year the two were amalgamated as a single municipality.\u00a0 The name is derived from the Old English b\u014dthl<\/em>, meaning \u2018building, farmhouse\u2019, + t\u016bn<\/em>, ‘settlement\u2019.\u00a0 The name is quite common in northern England and is generally thought to mean \u2018a new place\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOOTH\u2019S BANK<\/strong> is a residential area to the east of Boothstown<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It lies to the north of the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but an estate called \u2018The Booths\u2019 is recorded in 1323, meaning \u2018a place with small huts\u2019, from the Old English both<\/em>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Booth\u2019s Bank Farm is recorded in 1786, with bank<\/em> meaning \u2018the slope of a hill\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOOTHSTOWN<\/strong> is a suburb of the City of Salford<\/strong> that was previously in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name first appears as Bothes man<\/em>, referring to Booths Manor, in 1500 and seems to become Boothstown<\/em> only in the late 18th<\/sup> century with the extension of the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong> through Boothstown and the development of the coal trade.\u00a0 The original name of the Booths is derived from the Old English both<\/em>, meaning \u2018a small hut or enclosure\u2019 used by a herdsman.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BORSDANE WOOD <\/strong>and BORSDANE BROOK\u00a0 Borsdane Wood <\/strong>is a 26-hectare nature reserve in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally part of the great Lancashire <\/strong>forest and is mentioned in about 1215 as a stream named Ballesdenebroc<\/em>, meaning \u2018Boell\u2019s valley stream\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name B<\/em>\u0153ll <\/em>+ denu <\/em>(\u2018long valley\u2019) + br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em> (\u2018stream\u2019).\u00a0 Parts of the forest were acquired over the years but in 1931 a large area was donated to the local authorities and opened as Borsdane (sometimes spelled \u2018Borsden\u2019) Wood.\u00a0 Borsdane Brook rises east of Platt Bridge<\/strong> and flows south-west to join Hey Brook<\/strong>, which ultimately meets the River Glaze<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOSDEN<\/strong> is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> to the east of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1233-1236 as Bosedun<\/em>, meaning \u2018B\u014dsa<\/em>\u2019s Hill\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + d\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOTANY BAY WOODS <\/strong>is a woodland area east of Eccles<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong> \u2013 the largest wooded area in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally planted from about 1760 as a long-term source of wood for the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong> and the name was in use by the end of the century.\u00a0 The origin is uncertain and disputed, but one theory is that it was named after the Australian penal colony because of its remoteness at the time.\u00a0 Botany Bay<\/em> in Australia was originally named Stingray Harbour by Captain James Cook in 1770 but he later changed this to Botany Bay because of the large number of botanical specimens obtained there.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOTTLING WOOD<\/strong> is a 13-hectare woodland area and residential district in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, about 1 kilometre north-east of Wigan town centre to the east of the River Douglas<\/strong>.\u00a0 The Bottling Wood Colliery<\/em> had been established by 1800 and a hamlet with the name was recorded in 1827.\u00a0 However, the name seems older and is usually said to be a corruption of Battling Wood<\/em>.\u00a0 The reference is to the Battle of Wigan Lane, fought on 25 August 1651 during the Civil War on the east bank of the River Douglas.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOTTOM OF WOODHOUSES<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0See <\/em>WOODHOUSES<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOTTOM O\u2019 TH\u2019 BROW <\/strong>is a residential area of Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> on the south bank of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1850 and its meaning is literal \u2013 the bottom<\/em> of the brow<\/em>, meaning \u2018hill\u2019 (Old English bru<\/em>).\u00a0 Up the hill is Bridge Street, where the road runs over Wrigley Brook<\/strong>, and it was here that Heywood\u2019s first water-powered cotton mill was built in 1777.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOTTOMS <\/strong>is an area of Mossley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 Historically, Mossley was divided between Top Mossley (see Brookbottom<\/strong>) and Bottom <\/em>Mossley, and both names are still in use.\u00a0 However, Bottom Mossley was shortened to Bottoms, a name which seems to have come into use at the end of the 18th century:\u00a0 Bottoms Hall<\/em>, which later became the apprentice house for Bottoms Mill, is recorded in 1787.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOUNDARY PARK<\/strong> is a mixed-use sports stadium in Oldham<\/strong> and the home of Oldham Athletic football club.\u00a0 It was originally built in 1896 and named the Athletic Ground, but the name was changed at some point to reflect its position in north-west Oldham close to the town\u2019s boundaries<\/em> with Royton<\/strong> and Chadderton<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOWDON<\/strong> is a suburb of Altrincham<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> that was in Cheshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is first recorded as Bogedone<\/em> in the Domesday Book of 1086, where it is described as having a church and a mill (see<\/em> Appendix 1).\u00a0 The name means \u2018rounded hill\u2019 from the Old English boga <\/em>(\u2018curved, bow-shaped\u2019) + d<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOWER BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irk<\/strong> which flows from Werneth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>to meet Hole Bottom Brook<\/strong> in Failsworth<\/strong>, forming Moston Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name occurs on the Ordnance Survey maps of the area in the late 1840s and means \u2018a stream flowing from or through a bower<\/em> or a shady, leafy area (Old English b<\/em>\u016br<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOWER FOLD <\/strong>is residential and recreational area south of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 It is recorded in 1840 as Boar Fold<\/em>, meaning \u2018enclosure for boars\u2019, from the Old English b<\/em>\u0101r<\/em> + fald<\/em>.\u00a0\u00a0 By the 20th<\/sup> century, the name was rationalised to Bower Fold, which is perhaps more genteel.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOWGREEN <\/strong>is a residential and recreational area of south-west Altrincham<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Bowgreen<\/em> in 1647, probably referring to a farm round which the residential area developed in the 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Bowgreen lies on low-lying ground between Bowdon<\/strong> and the River Bollin <\/strong>and means \u2018the green below Bowdon hill\u2019, from Old English boga <\/em>(\u2018rounded hill\u2019) + gr\u0113ne<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOWKER VALE <\/strong>is a suburban area of Blackley<\/strong> on the River Irk<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is said to date from mediaeval times when cloth was bleached on the banks of the River Irk using sunlight, rain, sour milk and urine from nearby Blackley village.\u00a0 The process was known as bowkering<\/em> and gave its name both to the village and the surname.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOWLEE <\/strong>is a village on the outskirts of Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 Bowlee is not well documented but is said to have been settled in mediaeval times.\u00a0 The name is found elsewhere in England and is probably derived from Bola<\/em> + –l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018wood, glade\u2019).\u00a0 Bola<\/em> could be a personal name or the Old English for a tree-trunk or log.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOYSNOPE <\/strong>is an area of Eccles<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong> on the north bank of the River Irwell<\/strong> and the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> with a tradition of waste disposal and, more recently, farming and recreation.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1277 as Boylsnape<\/em> and is thought to come from Middle English bole<\/em> (\u2018bull\u2019) + snape<\/em> (\u2018pasture\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOZ PARK<\/strong> is a nature reserve in the Besses o’ th’ Barn<\/strong> district of Whitefield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in the early years of the 21st<\/sup> century on land donated by a local farmer in memory of his son, Colin \u2018Boz<\/em>\u2019 Tracey.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRABYNS PARK <\/strong>is a 36-hectare public park beside the River Goyt<\/strong> in Marple<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is laid out in a former estate that was inherited in 1749 by Elizabeth Brabyn <\/em>(or Brabin).\u00a0 She and her husband, Dr Henry Brabyn, landscaped the grounds and built Brabyns Hall.\u00a0 Both grounds and hall were eventually purchased by Cheshire<\/strong> County Council in 1941 and the estate was opened as a public park in 1947.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRADFORD <\/strong>is a district in east Manchester<\/strong>, about 4 kilometres north-east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name was first recorded in 1196 as Bradeford<\/em>, from the Old English br<\/em>\u0101d<\/em> + ford<\/em> meaning \u2018broad ford\u2019 across the River Medlock<\/strong>, and distinguishing the place from a narrower ford in neighbouring Beswick<\/strong>.\u00a0 It remained a rural area until industrialised in the 19th<\/sup> century with collieries, an ironworks and brickworks.\u00a0 These all closed in the 1960s and the area went into decline but it has been regenerated since 2000 as Eastlands<\/strong> and the campus of the Etihad Stadium<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRADLEY BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of River Irwell<\/strong> which rises in the north of Philips Park<\/strong> in Prestwich<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It flows south-south-west through Mere Clough<\/strong> in the park and joins the Irwell south of the park in the Waterdale<\/strong> area of Prestwich.\u00a0 The name derives from the Old English br<\/em>\u0101d <\/em>(\u2018broad, wide\u2019) + l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018woodland clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRADLEY FOLD <\/strong>is a residential and commercial area in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>, approximately midway between Bury<\/strong> and Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is not well documented before the opening of Bradley Fold station by the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway in 1849, but the name is probably much older, deriving from the Old English br<\/em>\u0101d <\/em>(\u2018broad, wide\u2019) + l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018woodland clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRADSHAW<\/strong> is a village in Turton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1246 as Bradeshawe<\/em>, meaning \u2018broad, extensive wood or copse\u2019 from the Old English b<\/em>r\u0101da<\/em> + sceaga<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRADSHAW BROOK<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Tonge<\/strong> that takes its name from the village of Bradshaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises in Lancashire<\/strong> as Cadshaw Brook<\/strong> but changes its name as it emerges from Wayoh (Old English weg<\/em> meaning \u2018way, path\u2019 + hoh<\/em> meaning \u2018spur of a hill\u2019) Reservoir.\u00a0 As Bradshaw Brook it flows into the River Tonge in Leverhulme Park<\/strong> near Bolton.\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRADSHAW CHAPEL<\/strong> is an outlying area of the village of Bradshaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1610 but it is likely that the settlement dates back to Norman times as it developed round an older church or chapel<\/em> uniquely dedicated to St Maxentius, a Norman saint.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRAMALL HALL <\/strong>is a country house in Bramhall<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, parts of which date from the 14th<\/sup> century, set in 20 hectares of land known as Bramhall Park.\u00a0 The earliest parts were owned by the Davenport family (who gave their name to neighbouring Davenport<\/strong>) but it was sold in 1877 and acquired in 1935 by the local council, which opened it to the public.\u00a0 The hall takes its name from Bramhall<\/strong> village but Charles Nevill, who owned the hall from 1883 until his death in 1916, claimed that the Bramall spelling without an H was closer to that used in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRAMHALL<\/strong> is a leafy suburb of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> that was formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was included as Bramale<\/em> in the Domesday Book of 1086, where it was said, \u2018There is land for 6 ploughs.\u00a0 There is woodland half a league long and as much wide, and half an enclosure and 1 acre of meadow.\u00a0 He found it waste\u2019 (see<\/em> Appendix 1).\u00a0 This part of the village was below Bramall Hall<\/strong> at Bramhall Green<\/strong> where the Lady Brook<\/strong> bends but the opening of Bramhall station by the Manchester & Birmingham Railway in 1845 gradually drew development about 1.5 kilometres south.\u00a0 The name means \u2018corner of land where broom grows\u2019 from Old English br<\/em>\u014dm<\/em> + halh<\/em>, and the name is recorded as Bromhall<\/em> as late as 1577.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRAMHALL GREEN <\/strong>is an area of Bramhall<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> to the north of what is now the main village, although it is where much of Bramhall was originally located.\u00a0 The name is recorded from 1777.\u00a0 The green <\/em>is in a meander (halh<\/em>) of the Lady Brook<\/strong>, which once provided power for a corn mill close to Womanscroft<\/strong> bridge.\u00a0 The village gradually moved to its current location following the opening of the railway station in 1845.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRAMHALL MOOR <\/strong>is a residential and commercial area of Bramhall<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport <\/strong>along the old Roman road to Buxton, now the A6.\u00a0 This was the main population centre of Bramhall<\/em> until the 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0\u00a0 Records refer to Bromhall Moore<\/em> in 1632 and the name is one of several moors<\/strong> along the A6, including Heaton Moor<\/strong>, Great Moor<\/strong> and Woodsmoor.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRANDLESHOLME<\/strong> is an area in Bury<\/strong> which dates from mediaeval times.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Brandolfholm<\/em> in 1285 and some sources claim that this is from Brandlesholme<\/em>, the family name of the landowner from the 12th<\/sup> to the 16th<\/sup> centuries.\u00a0 Others suggest that that name may be older \u2013 the holm <\/em>(\u2018island, raised land\u2019) of Uhtbrand<\/em>, an Anglo-Saxon personal name that is found in many \u2018Brand\u2019 places in the Domesday Book of 1086.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRANDWOOD<\/strong> is an area of Spotland<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in about 1200 as Brendwood<\/em>, meaning \u2018the burnt wood\u2019 or \u2018the wood that has been cleared by burning\u2019, from Middle English brend <\/em>(\u2018burnt\u2019) + wudu<\/em> (\u2018wood\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BREARLEY BROOK <\/strong>is a short tributary of the River Roch<\/strong>, which rises near Syke<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and flows west and then north-west to join Hollingworth Brook<\/strong>, which then merges with Ealees<\/strong> Brook to join the Roch at Littleborough<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented.\u00a0 It takes its name from the isolated settlement of Brearley<\/em>, west of Whittaker<\/strong>.\u00a0 It means \u2018clearing among the briars\u2019, from Old English br<\/em>\u00e6r\/br<\/em>\u0113r<\/em> (\u2018briar, bramble\u2019) + l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018woodland clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BREDBURY <\/strong>is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, about 3 kilometres east of Stockport itself and 13 kilometres south-east of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Bretberie <\/em>(see<\/em> Appendix 1), meaning \u2018a stronghold built of boards\u2019, suggesting that it was an Anglo-Saxon fortification.\u00a0 The name comes from the Old English bred-,<\/em> meaning \u2018board, plank\u2019, + byrig<\/em> (\u2018fortified place\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BREIGHTMET<\/strong> is a district in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1257 as Brihtmede<\/em>, at about the same time as workers from Flanders and the Netherlands moved into the area to establish a textile industry.\u00a0 The name comes from the Old English breorht<\/em>, \u2018bright, beautiful\u2019 + m\u00e6d<\/em>, \u2018meadow\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The BRICK COMMUNITY STADIUM<\/strong> is a mixed-use sports venue in Wigan<\/strong> and home to Wigan Athletic football and Wigan Wanderers rugby clubs.\u00a0 It was built in 1999 and opened as called the JJB Stadium<\/strong> after its original sponsor, which had been founded in Wigan by John Jarvis Broughton<\/em> as a sportswear supplier in the early 1900s.\u00a0 It was renamed in 2024 after The Brick<\/em>, a local charity.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRIDGEWATER CANAL<\/strong> was the first industrial canal in Britain, and was built in 1759-1761 by the 3rd<\/sup> Duke of Bridgewater<\/em> (1736-1803) to transport coal from his mines at Worsley<\/strong> to the centre of Manchester<\/strong> at Knott Mill<\/strong>.\u00a0 The canal was later extended from Worsley to Leigh<\/strong> and from Manchester to Runcorn in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The dukes of Bridgewater took their title from Bridgwater<\/em> in Somerset, a name which probably originally meant \u2018Walter\u2019s bridge\u2019 rather than \u2018the bridge over the water\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRIDGEWATER GARDENS <\/strong>are a 62-hectare public garden in the grounds of the former Worsley <\/strong>New Hall in the City of Salford<\/strong> opened by the Royal Horticultural Society in 2021.\u00a0 The name is taken from the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong>, which forms the southern boundary.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRIDGEWATER HALL<\/strong> is a concert venue in central Manchester<\/strong>, opened in 1996.\u00a0 It is named after the Duke of Bridgewater<\/em> (1736-1803) who commissioned the nearby Bridgewater Canal<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRIMMY BROOK <\/strong>is a short stream which probably takes its name from Brimmy Croft<\/em>, a farmstead recorded in 1733.\u00a0 It flows south-west to join Lumb Hole Brook<\/strong>, which then meets the River Tame<\/strong> in Denshaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name and origin are undocumented but two possibilities have been put forward:\u00a0 it could mean \u2018the brook flowing from or along a brim<\/em> or edge\u2019 (Middle English brimme<\/em>), or \u2018the brook in an area overgrown with broom<\/em> wood (Old English bromig<\/em>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRIMROD<\/strong> is a locality in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century as Bromyrode<\/em>, meaning \u2018clearing among broomwood\u2019 from Old English brom\u00a0<\/em>+ –rod<\/em> (\u2018clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRINDLE HEATH<\/strong> is a residential area of Pendleton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong> between the River Irwell<\/strong> and the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1324 as Brendlache <\/em>meaning \u2018a brown stream flowing through boggy land\u2019, from Middle English brend<\/em>-, meaning \u2018burnt, brown\u2019, + –lache<\/em>, meaning \u2018a stream flowing through boggy land\u2019.\u00a0 Presumably this was a muddy brown stream or ditch flowing into the Irwell.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRINKSWAY<\/strong> is an area of Cheadle<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> and also a network of caves that date from 1670, perhaps earlier.\u00a0 The name is taken from a road through the area from Cheadle Heath<\/strong> to Stockport meaning \u2018road at the edge or boundary\u2019, from the Middle English brink <\/em>(\u2018edge, bank, border) + -weg<\/em> (\u2018a path or road\u2019).\u00a0 The road runs along the south edge of the Mersey<\/strong> valley, which explains its name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRINNINGTON<\/strong> is a suburb of Stockport<\/strong> north-east of the town centre.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1248 as Bruninton<\/em> but has its modern spelling by 1290.\u00a0 It means \u2018the village of farmstead of Br\u04efni\u2019s followers\u2019, from the personal name Br<\/em>\u04efni<\/em> + -ing-<\/em> (followers, people of) + –t<\/em>\u016bn <\/em>(\u2018village, estate, etc\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROADBENT<\/strong> is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, north-east of Oldham town centre.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but the surname Broadbent<\/em>, which is said to be derived from the village near Oldham, is common from the mid-16th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name means \u2018reeds that are broad and bent\u2019, from the Old English br<\/em>\u0101d<\/em> + beonet <\/em>(\u2018bent grass\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROADBOTTOM<\/strong> is a village on the River Etherow<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1286 as Brodebothem<\/em>, meaning \u2018wide valley\u2019, from Old English br<\/em>\u0101d<\/em> + bothm<\/em>, which aptly describes the location of the village.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROAD CARR<\/strong> is a rural area of Mossley<\/strong> in Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but may take its name from a local farm.\u00a0 The likely meaning is \u2018broad, rocky place\u2019, from Old English br<\/em>\u0101d <\/em>(\u2018broad, wide\u2019) + carr<\/em> (\u2018rocky place\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROAD EES DOLE<\/strong> is a wildlife park and nature reserve north-east of Sale Water Park<\/strong> beside the River Mersey<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in 1987 and its name echoes its former uses:\u00a0 Old English br\u0101d<\/em> (\u2018broad, spacious\u2019) + ees<\/em> (\u2018wetland\u2019) + dole<\/em> (\u2018common land shared out among local people\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROADFIELD<\/strong> is an area of Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It had a number of cotton mills in the 19th<\/sup> century but the district has little early documentation.\u00a0 Its name is derived from the Old English br<\/em>\u0101d<\/em>, meaning \u2018broad, spacious\u2019 + feld<\/em>, \u2018field, area of land cleared of trees\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROADHALGH<\/strong> is a suburban area of Spotland<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century as Brodehalgh<\/em>, meaning \u2018the broad nook\u2019, from the Old English br<\/em>\u0101d <\/em>(\u2018broad, wide\u2019) + halh<\/em> (\u2018nook or corner of land\u2019), aptly describing its position on the meandering River Roch<\/strong>, which runs south of the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROADHEAD MOSS <\/strong>is an upland area in the Peak District <\/strong>National Park in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Broadhead<\/em> is recorded in 1730 and means \u2018broad headland\u2019, from Old English br<\/em>\u0101d<\/em> + h<\/em>\u0113afod<\/em>.\u00a0 Broadhead Moss<\/em> is recorded on the 1843 Ordnance Survey map, with moss coming from the Old English mos<\/em>, meaning \u2018bog, swamp\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROADHEATH<\/strong> is a suburban area of Altrincham<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1831 and is composed of two modern English words describing its location and landscape.\u00a0 The area developed following the extension of the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong> to Altrincham and Broadheath in 1765 and was initially involved in the supply of vegetables to Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 In 1885 Harry Grey, the 8th<\/sup> Earl of Stamford of Dunham Massey<\/strong>, gave a square kilometre of land to develop an industrial estate at Broadheath to attract engineering companies.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROADHURST PARK <\/strong>is a recreational area in Moston<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The land originally formed part of the estate of Moston Hall but in 1920 its owner, Sir Edward Tootal Broadhurst<\/em> (1858-1922), a Manchester cotton manufacturer, donated 32 hectares to the City of Manchester to commemorate the First World War.\u00a0 United of Manchester built a football stadium in Broadhurst Park in 2015.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROADLEY <\/strong>is an area of Spotland <\/strong>close to the River Spodden<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1228 as Brodeleghbrok<\/em>, meaning \u2018a broad clearing by a brook\u2019, from the Old English br<\/em>\u0101d <\/em>(\u2018broad, wide\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (clearing\u2019) + br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em> (\u2018brook, stream\u2019), which describes its position on a small tributary of the Spodden<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROAD MILLS HERITAGE SITE <\/strong>is a visitors\u2019 attraction in Broadbottom<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It occupies the site of Broadbottom Mills, a large textile mill originally built in 1802-1824.\u00a0 The name was changed to Broad Mills<\/em> in the early 1900s.\u00a0 Much of the mill was destroyed by fire in 1949 and the site was purchased by the council in the 1980s to develop as a tourist attraction.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROAD OAK<\/strong> is an area of Worsley<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong> that also gives its name to Broadoak Park.\u00a0 There are several places named Broad Oak in Greater Manchester and Lancashire, all deriving their names from the Old English br<\/em>\u0101d <\/em>(\u2018broad, wide\u2019) + \u0101c <\/em>(\u2018oak\u2019).\u00a0 The name literally means \u2018broad oak\u2019 but may be a reference to a particularly prominent oak tree that marked a boundary.\u00a0 Broadoak Park was originally the estate of Westwood Park<\/strong> and is now used as Worsley Golf Course.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROADSTONE CLOUGH <\/strong>is a valley north-east of Pobgreen<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 A stream rises on Broadstone Hill on Broadstone Moss and flows west through the clough to join Wickens Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1272 as Brodeston<\/em>, meaning quite literally \u2019broad or large stones\u2019 from Old English br<\/em>\u0101d<\/em> + st\u0101n<\/em>.\u00a0 Clough <\/em>means \u2018deep valley, ravine\u2019 from Old English cl\u014dh<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROADWAY <\/strong>is a Metrolink tram stop in Eccles<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened on 6 December 1999 and is named after a nearby road.\u00a0 The name of the road is recorded at least as far back as 1871.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROCSTEDES<\/strong> was one of the hamlets that made up Ashton-in-Makerfield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> but today it survives as the name of the ground of Ashton Athletic Football Club.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the first half of the 19th<\/sup> century, when cottages were built which were recorded on the first edition of the Ordnance Survey maps.\u00a0 The meaning would seem to be \u2018pastures beside a brook\u2019, perhaps referring to Down Brook or one of its tributaries flowing from the north.\u00a0 The name is derived from Old English br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em> (\u2018brook, stream\u2019) + stede<\/em> (\u2018pasture, farmstead\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROMLEY CROSS<\/strong> in a village in Bradshaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 This is an eponym, the name coming from the Bromley <\/em>or Bromiley<\/em> family, who were landowners in the area since the 16th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The village developed in the 19th<\/sup> century but the name is older as the cross which is included in the name has long since disappeared.\u00a0 The family name would have originated from another Bromley<\/em>, meaning \u2018wood or clearing where broom wood grows\u2019 from the Old English br\u014dm <\/em>+ l\u0113ah.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROOK BOTTOM <\/strong>or BROOKBOTTOM <\/strong>is a residential area to the west of Mossley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, sometimes known as Top Mossley.\u00a0 The name clearly means \u2018the settlement in the bottom of a valley of a brook\u2019 and is recorded in 1755.\u00a0 Today the brook, a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong>, is partially culverted but it is of historical importance as it formerly marked the boundary between Lancashire<\/strong> and Yorkshire<\/strong>, and for this reason it is (or was) sometimes referred to as the County Brook<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROOK BOTTOM BROOK <\/strong>is a stream which rises as New Gate Brook on the West Pennine<\/strong> Moors in Lancashire <\/strong>and becomes Brook Bottom Brook as it flows west into the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> in Greater Manchester<\/strong>. It then continues west to join Dearden Brook and meet the River Irwell<\/strong> in Chatterton in Lancashire.\u00a0 The somewhat odd name may be derived from a settlement in the bottom<\/em> of the valley of an originally-unnamed brook<\/em>, which was later named Brook Bottom Brook by cartographers.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROOKDALE PARK<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0There are several places in Greater Manchester <\/strong>called Brookdale<\/em>, all meaning \u2018stream valley\u2019 from Old English br<\/em>\u014dc <\/em>(\u2018brook, stream\u2019) + d<\/em>\u00e6l <\/em>(\u2018valley, hollow\u2019).\u00a0 Brookdale Park in Newton Heath<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong> was originally developed as a personal estate beside the River Medlock<\/strong> by John Taylor JP in the mid-19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The estate was purchased by Manchester Corporation in 1900 and converted into an 18-hectare public park, opened in 1904.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROOK GREEN<\/strong> is a residential area of Gorton<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name seems to have originated in the 16th<\/sup> century when marshland beside Gore Brook<\/strong> was converted into a green<\/em>, i.e. a farm or small estate.\u00a0 During the 19th<\/sup> century the area became more industrial, particularly with the opening of two railway works in Gorton in 1848 and 1855.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROOKHEYS NATURE RESERVE <\/strong>is a 2.35-hectare woodland and area of special scientific interest north of Dunham Massey <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Brookheys Farm<\/strong>, which is recorded in the area in 1829.\u00a0 The name means \u2018enclosures by a brook\u2019, from the Old English br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em> (\u2018brook, stream\u2019) + hege<\/em> or h<\/em>\u00e6g<\/em>, meaning \u2018enclosure, hedge or hay\u2019, probably referring to Sinderland<\/strong> Brook.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROOKLANDS<\/strong> is an area of Sale <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>, approximately 9 kilometres south-west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 Brooklands is an eponym, named after Samuel Brooks <\/em>(1793-1864), who purchased land in the area in 1856.\u00a0 The name was unofficial at first but was standardised when the Manchester South Junction & Altrincham Railway opened a station named Brooklands on 1 December 1859.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROOKSBOTTOMS <\/strong>is a residential location in Summerseat<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It lies on the north bank of the River Irwell<\/strong> at the point where the Irwell flows out of Gollinrod<\/strong> Gorge and where, a little downstream, Holcombe Brook<\/strong> meets the Irwell.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1773 in reference to Brooksbottoms <\/em>Mill, but is almost certainly much older, and on some 19th<\/sup>-century maps it is spelled Brox Bottom<\/em>.\u00a0 It means \u2018the valley or bottom<\/em> of one or more brooks<\/em>\u2019, referring to the Irwell and\/or Holcombe Brook.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROOMWOOD <\/strong>is a residential area south of Timperley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> built by Altrincham<\/strong> Borough Council in the early 1950s.\u00a0 I can find no record of the name in this area prior to 1949 and it appears to be \u201cmock Anglo-Saxon\u201d \u2013 created from the Old English br<\/em>\u014dm<\/em> (\u2018broomwood) + wudu <\/em>(\u2018wood\u2019) \u2013 to suggest that it was an ancient wooded settlement.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROUGHTON <\/strong>is a suburb of the City of Salford <\/strong>on the east bank of the River Irwell<\/strong>, approximately 1.5 kilometres north-west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 There are several places called Broughton<\/strong> in Britain and the origins of the name may be different and hard to distinguish.\u00a0 The name is first recorded at this location in 1177 as Burton<\/em>, but the spelling Brughton<\/em> was in use by the 16th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It is usually said to mean \u2018fortified village\u2019 from Old English burh <\/em>(\u2018fortified place, stronghold\u2019) + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018village, estate\u2019).\u00a0 There are several places called Broughton in England, including at least four in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 All of these are usually said to mean \u2018the settlement (t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>) by a stream (br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em>)\u2019, but this derivation is thought not to apply to Broughton in Salford.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROWNHOUSE WHAM RESERVOIR <\/strong>was built in the 1860s to supply water to Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes it name from a house, probably a farmhouse, called Brownhouse<\/em> in the area before it was built.\u00a0 Brownhouse is said to mean \u2018house on a round hill\u2019, from the Celtic bron<\/em>.\u00a0 Wham<\/em> is a small valley, especially a boggy hollow, from the Old Norse hwam<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROWNLEY GREEN <\/strong>is an area of Wythenshawe <\/strong>in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1260 as Brumleg<\/em>, meaning \u2018wood or clearing where broom wood grows\u2019 from the Old English br\u014dm <\/em>+ l\u0113ah.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROWNLOW <\/strong>is a rural, wooded area of the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, south-west of Wigan itself.\u00a0 There are several places called Brownlow in north-west England, none of them well documented.\u00a0 A school was built in Brownlow in Wigan in 1672 but the area was probably named long before that date.\u00a0 It means \u2018brown hill\u2019 from the Old English br<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> + hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em> (\u2018hill, mound\u2019).\u00a0 Brownlow is close to Billinge<\/strong> Hill, which is 179 metres high.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROWNLOW FOLD <\/strong>is a residential area of the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, north-west of Bolton town centre.\u00a0 The name dates from the early 17th <\/sup>century when the land was owned by the Brownlow <\/em>family, the same family that owned Hall i\u2019 th\u2019 Wood.<\/strong> Fold<\/em> refers to a small group of cottages and farm buildings.\u00a0 In the 19th<\/sup> century the name became applied to a broader area as the neighbourhood expanded around a colliery and brickworks.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRUN BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises east of Harrop Ridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows south-west through Brun Clough to join Diggle<\/strong> Brook, which then flows south to meet the Tame.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1724 and is thought to derive from either Old Norse br<\/em>\u00fan<\/em>, meaning \u2018moor\u2019, or bruni<\/em>, \u2018a place cleared by burning\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRUNSWICK<\/strong> is a district in the City of Manchester<\/strong>, south of the city centre.\u00a0 It takes its name from Brunswick Street<\/em> (now Brunswick Park), which lies a little to the north and was laid out in the 1880s with the expansion of the campus of the University of Manchester.\u00a0 Brunswick is the anglicised version of the city of Braunschweig<\/em> (\u2018Bruno\u2019s settlement\u2019) in northern Germany.\u00a0\u00a0 German influence in the city and the university was very strong at this time and the first use of this name was Brunswick Mill in Ancoats<\/strong>, which was completed in 1840.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRUNTWOOD PARK<\/strong> is a 40-hectare public park in Cheadle<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name dates from 1860, when John Douglas, a Bradford wool merchant, purchased land in the area and laid out an estate and hall which he named Bruntwood, apparently celebrating his wife\u2019s Scottish home in Bruntwood <\/em>in Ayrshire.\u00a0 The local authority purchased the estate in 1944, using the hall as Cheadle and Gatley town hall and opening the grounds to the public as Bruntwood Park.\u00a0 The original name is thought to mean \u2018burnt wood\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRUSHES <\/strong>is a residential area to the east of Stalybridge <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> with housing estates developed between 1929 and 1939.\u00a0 It also gives its name to Brushes Reservoir, one of four built locally in the 19th<\/sup> century, which was fed by Brushes Brook (formerly Leornardin Brook).\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1770 as Bruches<\/em>, meaning \u2018lands newly-cleared for cultivation\u2019, from the Old English bryce<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRYAN HEY RESERVOIR <\/strong>is a small reservoir north of Smithhills<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in about 1921 for the local population and textile mills but is now a fishing spot.\u00a0 It takes its name from the nearby Bryan Hey Farm<\/em>, which is recorded in the late 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name seems to be a forename eponym:\u00a0 \u2018the enclosed or hedged enclosure (Old English h<\/em>\u00e6g<\/em>) belonging to someone called Bryan<\/em>\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRYN<\/strong> is a suburb of Ashton-in-Makerfield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1212 as Burnal<\/em>, meaning \u2018scorched land\u2019, perhaps land cleared by burning the surrounding forest, from the Old English bryne<\/em> (\u2018burning, fire\u2019).\u00a0 Other sources suggest the name may be Celtic or Welsh in origin from bryn<\/em> meaning \u2018hill\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRYN GATES<\/strong> is a village and airfield north-east of Ashton-in-Makerfield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but Bryn Gates sits on the Bolton Road and it has been suggested that the name refers to turnpike gates on the road between Bolton<\/strong> and Bryn<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRYN MARSH AND INCE MOSS <\/strong>is a 20.5-hectare water and wetland area of special scientific interest 3 kilometres south-east of Wigan <\/strong>that forms one of the seven sites of Wigan Flashes Nature Reserve<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area was formed at the turn of the 20th<\/sup> century by subsidence caused by coal mining companies such as Bryn<\/em><\/strong> Hall and Ince<\/em><\/strong> Moss collieries.\u00a0 Mining came to an end in the 1960s and the area was set aside for conservation in 1989, becoming part of the Wigan Flashes Nature Reserve in 2022.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BUCKLEY\u00a0<\/strong>is a suburb on the north-eastern edge of Rochdale<\/strong> beside Buckley Brook, a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1246 as Bukele<\/em> and is usually said to mean \u2018the clearing or meadow of the bucks\u2019, from Old English bucca<\/em> (\u2018he-goat\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018clearing, meadow\u2019).\u00a0 However, it has also been suggested that the name could be taken from Buckley<\/em> family, who were resident in the area in the Norman period.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BUCKLEY WELLS <\/strong>is a suburb on the south-western edge of Bury<\/strong>, east of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears on the tithe map of 1837 and again in 1856, when the East Lancashire Railway built a locomotive works there.\u00a0 The name is probably an eponym, meaning \u2018the place where there are wells or springs on land belonging to someone called Buckley<\/em>\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BUCKLEY WOOD <\/strong>is a location north of Chadderton<\/strong> and the River Irk<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name first appears on the Ordnance Survey maps of the 1880s and probably refers to a wooded<\/em> area belonging to the Buckley <\/em>family, whose name appears as landowners on 19th<\/sup>-century tithe maps.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BUCKLOW<\/strong> is a residential area that was split in 1974 between Cheshire<\/strong> and the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> in Greater Manchester<\/strong>. \u00a0Bucklow was one of the 12 ancient hundreds of Cheshire and is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Bochelau Hd <\/em>with a value of 18 hides, 6 virgates and 7 bovates.\u00a0 The settlement of Bucklow is recorded in 1240 as Boclou <\/em>and various suggestions have been made for its origin: \u2018beech hill\u2019 from Old English bece<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018beech-tree\u2019) + hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em> (\u2018mound\u2019); \u2018buck\u2019s hill\u2019 from bucca<\/em> (\u2018he-goat\u2019) + hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em>; or \u2018Bucca\u2019s hill\u2019 from an Anglo-Saxon personal name + hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BUCKTON CASTLE <\/strong>was a Norman castle north-east of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside <\/strong>atop Buckton Hill, overlooking Buckton Moor and the Tame<\/strong> valley.\u00a0 It was probably built and then demolished in the 12th<\/sup> century, and nothing is visible today but the thick sandstone foundations have been excavated.\u00a0 The name means \u2018buck valley\u2019 from Old English bucca<\/em> (\u2018buck\u2019) + denu<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BUERSILL <\/strong>is a residential area in eastern Castleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1228 as Brideshull<\/em>, meaning \u2018Bridd\u2019s<\/em> hill\u2019, from an Anglo-Saxon personal name + hyll<\/em>, referring to its position at the foot of a hill.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BUILE HILL PARK <\/strong>is a 35-hectare public park in Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The present park combines several earlier parks and estates:\u00a0 Seedley <\/strong>Park (opened in 1876), Buile Hill Mansion (opened in 1903), Springfield Villa (1927) and Hart Hill House (opened in 1938).\u00a0 The park includes Buile Hill House, originally built in 1827 as the home of Sir Thomas Potter, the first Lord Mayor of Manchester<\/strong> and co-founder of the Manchester Guardian<\/em>, and now awaiting restoration.\u00a0 The name Buile Hill is not well documented before 1598, but it is likely that it is an eponym.\u00a0 The family name of Buile<\/em> means \u2018dweller among the birch trees\u2019 and originated in France, but no one with this family name has been traced in the Salford area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BULL HEY <\/strong>is a residential and recreational area of Wigan<\/strong> north of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is little-documented before a mention of Bull Hey Cottages<\/em> before 1870 and so the origin and meaning are uncertain.\u00a0 One possibility is that the name is taken directly from the Old English bula<\/em> (\u2018bull\u2019) + h<\/em>\u00e6g <\/em>(\u2018enclosure\u2019), meaning \u2018an enclosure for bulls\u2019 or \u2018an enclosure owned by someone keeping bulls\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BULLOCK SMITHY<\/strong> was the original name for what is now Hazel Grove<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 In 1560 a certain Richard Bullock<\/em> leased some land from a Richard Torkington to establish a smithy, and the area became known as Bullock\u2019s Smithy<\/em>.\u00a0 The village acquired a bad reputation, known for gambling, cock-fighting and dog and bull baiting, so that John Wesley described it as \u2018One of the most famous villages in the country for all manner of wickedness’.\u00a0 In 1835 the villagers decided to change the name to the more aspirational Hazel Grove<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BUNKER HILL, Rochdale <\/strong>and BUNKERS HILL, Stockport\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>There are hills across England named Bunker Hill, Bunkers Hill or Bunker\u2019s Hill, all believed to commemorate the costly British victory at the Battle of Bunker Hill<\/em> in 1775 during the American War of Independence.\u00a0 Bunker Hill in Massachusetts is named after George Bunker<\/em>, a settler from Bedfordshire who was given the land in 1634.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BURNAGE<\/strong> is a suburb of the City of Mancheste<\/strong>r roughly 6.5 kilometres south of the city centre.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1322 as Bronage<\/em> and Brownegg<\/em>, thought to mean \u2018brown (Old English br<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>) hedges (hegge<\/em>)\u2019, although these may in fact have been brown stone walls.\u00a0 It remained a rural village throughout the 19th<\/sup> century and in 1894 George Bernard Shaw described Burnage as the prettiest village in Manchester.\u00a0 There was some industrialisation in the early 20th<\/sup> century and the opening of Burnage station by the London & North Western Railway in 1910 led to suburban development.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BURNDEN<\/strong> is a suburb of Bolton <\/strong>about 2 kilometres south-east of the town centre.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1285 as Bornden<\/em>, meaning \u2018the valley where the stream flows\u2019 from the Old English burna<\/em>– (\u2018brook\u2019) + -denu<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019).\u00a0 The stream is Burnden Brook, a tributary of the River Croal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The Bolton Wanderers\u2019 football stadium was built in Burnden in 1894 but was moved to the Toughsheet<\/strong> Stadium in 1997.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BURNEDGE<\/strong> is a residential area south-east of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Brynege<\/em> in 1609 and means \u2018burnt edge\u2019, from Old English brende<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a burnt place, a place destroyed or cleared by burning\u2019) + ecg<\/em> (\u2018edge; the edge of a hill, an escarpment\u2019), referring to its position above Sudden<\/strong> Brook.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BURNLEY BROW <\/strong>is a residential area of Oldham<\/strong>, north of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is not well documented and it is not clear why it is called Burnley.\u00a0 It is close to Burnley Lane<\/em>, but this does not lead to Burnley in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Of course, many roads are given names of places that have little relationship to the place after which they are named:\u00a0 \u201cYou must understand that an English town is a vast conspiracy to mislead foreigners\u201d (George Mikes).\u00a0 Burnley means \u2018clearing beside the River Brun\u2019, from Old English Brun<\/em> (probably from br<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> meaning \u2018brown\u2019) + l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BURRS COUNTRY PARK<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0 <\/strong>is a 36-hectare public park on the River Irwell<\/strong> north of Bury<\/strong> town centre.\u00a0 Textile mills were built at Burrs from 1792 and the last was demolished in 1982.\u00a0 In 1986 the area was purchased by the Metropolitan Borough of Bury and converted into a country park.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but comes from the Old English burh<\/em>\u00a0meaning \u2018a fortified place\u2019, referring to a late Iron Age fort dating from the 5th<\/sup> century BC that was occupied by the Romans and, later, the Anglo-Saxons, who gave it its present name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BURTON ROAD<\/strong> is a Metrolink tram stop in West Didsbury<\/strong> in south Manchester<\/strong> opened on 23 May 2013 and named after the Victorian street it is located on, which probably took its name from the earlier Burton<\/em> Farm.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BURY <\/strong>is a town, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>, on a finger of land between the rivers Irwell<\/strong> and Roch<\/strong> about 14.5 kilometres north-north-west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 It became a metropolitan borough with the creation of Greater Manchester<\/strong> in 1974.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1194 as Biri<\/em> and with its modern spelling in about 1190.\u00a0 It means \u2018at the fort\u2019, from the Old English burg<\/em>, although it is not known which fortification is referred to.\u00a0 Bury gives its name to Bury in Quebec, Canada.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BUSK<\/strong> is a residential area in Chadderton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the construction of the Busk cotton mill in 1847, but would seem be much older.\u00a0 It may possibly derive from the Old Norse buskr<\/em> or the Old English busc<\/em>, both meaning \u2018a bush, a shrub\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BUTLER GREEN <\/strong>is a residential area of Chadderton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, also known as Washbrook<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1863, when the Butler Green<\/em> Cotton Mill was erected by the Butler Green Cotton Spinning Company of Chadderton, suggesting that the village took its name from that of the company.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BUTTERHOUSE GREEN <\/strong>was a hamlet on the border between Bredbury<\/strong> and Woodley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is thought to date from 1348, when it is recorded as Buterales<\/em>, meaning \u2018butter nook\u2019, from Old English butere<\/em> + halh<\/em>.\u00a0 A map of 1710 shows five coal pits in the area called The Great Buteras and the modern name was in use by the end of the 18th<\/sup> century when the Butterhouse Green Tunnel was completed on the Peak Forest Canal.\u00a0 The name does not appear on modern maps.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BUTTERWORTH<\/strong> HALL<\/strong> is a suburb in south-eastern Rochdale<\/strong> that was originally a hamlet east of Milnrow.<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0Butterworth Hall was built in the reign of King Stephen (1135-54) and is recorded in 1235 as Buterworth<\/em>, meaning \u2018butter or dairy farm\u2019, from Old English butere<\/em> (\u2018butter\u2019) + worth<\/em> (\u2018homestead, enclosure\u2019).\u00a0 However, it is recorded as Buckworth<\/em> (Old English bucc<\/em>, meaning \u2018buck, stag\u2019) in the early 14th<\/sup> century and the Butterworth family prefer to derive the name from Old English butta<\/em> (\u2018mound, hill\u2019).\u00a0 The hamlet gave its name to Butterworth Hall Brook, a 2-kilometre stream which flows into the River Beal<\/strong> in Milnrow.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The BUTTS <\/strong>today is a commercial area in the centre of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is not well documented but in the 19th<\/sup> century it was an area on the north bank of the River Roch<\/strong> beside a ford across the river.\u00a0 It is believed to date from mediaeval times, when it was an area set aside for archery practice.\u00a0 The name comes from the middle English butt<\/em>, which was derived from the Anglo-French bouter<\/em>, meaning \u2018expel\u2019.\u00a0 The term originally meant the archery target itself but the meaning was extended to include an area used for archery, especially after a law of 1252 required every adult male to possess and become proficient in the use of a longbow.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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C<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CADISHEAD<\/strong> is a village in the City of Salford<\/strong> on the north bank of the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> near the confluence of the Glazebrook<\/strong> and Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1212 as Cadewalesate<\/em>.\u00a0 There have been various suggestions as to the origin and meaning of the name, the most common being that it means \u2018settlement or pasture (Old English –set<\/em>) by the stream (-waella<\/em>-) of someone called Cada\u2019<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CADSHAW BROOK, <\/strong>with Cadshaw Brook waterfall, is a stream running off Turton Moors and flowing into Turton<\/strong> and Entwistle Reservoir, and then into Wayoh Reservoir.\u00a0 It then becomes Bradshaw Brook<\/strong> and flows into the River Tonge<\/strong> in Leverhulme Park<\/strong> near Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 \u00a0Cadshaw Brook takes its name from the village of Cadshaw in Lancashire.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1200 as Cadeshoubroc<\/em> and evolved into Cadshawe <\/em>by 1617 \u2013 an eponym meaning \u2018Cada\u2019s copse\u2019, from an Anglo-Saxon personal name + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018small wood, copse\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CALAMANCO <\/strong>was an industrial area of Flixton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> that seems to have disappeared from the maps.\u00a0 The name originates from the water-powered Calamanco <\/em>logging mill, which seems to have been built beside the River Irwell<\/strong> in the late 17th<\/sup> or early 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The mill also produced a dye used in the production of calamanco<\/em>, a woollen fabric that was produced from the late 16th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The Mersey & Irwell<\/strong> Navigation<\/strong> built a lock at Calamanco in about 1721 and this remained in use until the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> was completed in 1893.\u00a0 The origin of the word calamanco is obscure:\u00a0 it first appears in English in 1598 and may come from the Spanish calamaco<\/em>, meaning \u2018worsted wool\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CALDER BANK <\/strong>or CALDERBANK<\/strong> is a residential and recreational area of Urmston<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Calderbank<\/em> Farm, which was established in about 1717 and thought to take its name from its position on the banks<\/em> of the Calder<\/em>, a reference to the nearby River Irwell<\/strong> derived from the Celtic caled<\/em>, meaning \u2018rapid stream\u2019.\u00a0 Part of the farm was developed into a housing estate in 1953.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CALDERBROOK<\/strong> is a village on the River Roch<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name of the village is first recorded in 1843 but it is found much earlier as the name of two rivers in Lancashire<\/strong>, and it has even been suggested that it is an older Celtic name for the River Roch.\u00a0 The origin is Celtic caled<\/em>, meaning \u2018rapid stream\u2019 + the later Old English –br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em>, meaning \u2018brook, stream\u2019.\u00a0 There are several examples of reduplication in the names in Greater Manchester<\/strong>, where a tautologous Old English element is added to an earlier Welsh or Celtic name, perhaps as an explanation for the original but forgotten meaning.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CALDERMOOR<\/strong> is a residential area in Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but the original hamlet of Caldermoor is known to have grown up in the 18th<\/sup> century around the Caldermoor <\/em>inn, which was built in 1755.\u00a0 Caldermoor is in the valley of the River Roch <\/strong>and takes its name from the Celtic caled<\/em>, meaning \u2018rapid stream\u2019, which is thought to be the ancient name for the Roch.\u00a0 The addition of moor<\/em> refers to its position on the edge of the moors<\/em> north-east of Greater Manchester<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CALDERSHAW<\/strong> is a residential area on the north-western edge of Rochdale<\/strong> on the River Spodden <\/strong>before its confluence with the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but would seem to mean \u2018copse in the valley\u2019 referring to its position on Caldershaw Brook, which rises south of Caldershaw and flows north-east to empty into the Spodden north-west of the town centre.\u00a0 The Spodden is a tributary of the Roch, which is believed to have been called the Calder<\/em>, from the Celtic caled<\/em>, meaning \u2018rapid stream\u2019.\u00a0 Shaw<\/em> comes from the Old English sceaga<\/em>,\u00a0meaning \u2018a small wood\u2019.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

CALDWELL BROOK<\/strong> is a stream that rises west of Broadheath<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> and flows northward to join Sinderland<\/strong> Brook just below Covershaw Bridge<\/strong> to form Red Brook<\/strong>, which then drains into the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is shown on the Ordnance Survey map of 1842 and means \u2019cold stream\u2019, from Old English cald<\/em> (\u2018cold\u2019) + wella<\/em> (\u2018stream, spring\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CALE GREEN<\/strong> is a residential area in the south Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 At the beginning of the 19th<\/sup> century the area was occupied by Cale Green Farm, although little is known about the owner, John Cale<\/em>.\u00a0 There appears to have been some industrial development as it is known that William Carrington & Co., hat manufacturers, were operating in the area by 1800.\u00a0 The farm was purchased in 1883 and this, combined with the opening of the nearby station at Davenport<\/strong> in 1858, appears to have led to more urban development.\u00a0 Lacrosse and cricket grounds were created in the 1880s and Cale Green Park was opened to the public in 1894 (or 1902 \u2013 sources differ) as the second public park in Stockport.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CALICO BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Douglas<\/strong> that rises in Shevington<\/strong> Vale in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and flows westward to join the Douglas in Appley Bridge in Lancashire.\u00a0 \u00a0The origin of the name is uncertain.\u00a0 One suggestion is that it was called Quitebrok (meaning \u2018White Brook\u2019) in the 14th<\/sup> century but this was changed to Calico Brook, perhaps in the 18th<\/sup> century, with the development of the local calico<\/em> weaving cottage industry, which is also reflected in other places nearby \u2013 Calico Woods, Calico Farm and Calico Cottage.\u00a0 Calico<\/em> is first recorded in English in 1540 and is derived from the city of Kozhikode<\/em> on the west coast of India, an eponymous Tamil name meaning \u2018the Fort of Kalliai\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CAMPFIELD<\/strong> is a former name for Castlefield<\/strong>, along Liverpool Road<\/strong> in the St John\u2019s<\/strong> area of the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is said that it was originally a field<\/em> used as a camp<\/em> for Roman troops and it was used as such during the Civil War and during the Jacobite incursion into England in 1745-1746.\u00a0 At the start of the 19th<\/sup> century, it was used for open-air fairs and markets but two covered market halls were built in the 1870s.\u00a0 The Lower Campfield Market Hall was converted into the Manchester Air and Space Museum in the 1980s, but this was closed in 2021 and both halls have now been repurposed as an innovation centre.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CAPPER BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises south-west of Pobgreen<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows north-west to meet Royle Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 The two then become Pickhill Brook<\/strong>, which flows west to empty into the Tame in Uppermill<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name and derivation are not well documented, but one possibility is that it is named after a local family called Capper<\/em>, who may originally have been capmakers<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CAPTAIN FOLD <\/strong>or CAPTAIN\u2019S FOLD<\/strong> is an urban district of Hopwood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but seems to be from the Captain Fold Colliery<\/em>, which was owned by the Heywood Coal Company and operated between 1842 and 1854.\u00a0 The premises had been acquired by the Atkinson rope manufacturers by 1880.\u00a0 It is unlikely that it refers to a naval or military man with the personal name of Fold<\/em>.\u00a0 It is more likely that \u2018fold\u2019 refers to part of a farm or a small community.\u00a0 Local records suggest that Captain Fold was once called Captain Hardman\u2019s Fold, but it is not known who Captain Hardman was.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CARR <\/strong>is an area north of Diggle<\/strong> and Harrop Green<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1736 and is probably derived from the Old Norse kjarr<\/em>, meaning \u2018boggy area covered with dense undergrowth\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CARR BANK <\/strong>is a residential area of Walmersley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> west of Pigs Lee Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears on the Ordnance Survey map of 1891-93 and probably means \u2018a slope (Old Norse\/Old English banke<\/em>) beside or above a marsh (kjarr<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CARR BROOK <\/strong>and CARR WOOD, Bramhall.<\/strong>\u00a0 Carr Brook is a short stream that rises in Bramhall <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It flows north-east through Carr Wood and joins Lady Brook<\/strong> in Bramhall Park<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1842 and is usually said to derive from the Old Norse kjarr<\/em> or Middle English ker<\/em>,\u00a0meaning \u2018marsh overgrown with brushwood\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CARRBROOK<\/strong> is a village east of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The development of Carrbrook as a village began with the building of Carr Mill in 1799, both mill and village taking their names from Carr Brook<\/em> (a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong>) beside which they sit.\u00a0 The name is likely to have come from the Old English carr<\/em>, meaning \u2018rock\u2019, hence \u2018the rocky stream\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CARRINGTON<\/strong> is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1154 as Carrintona<\/em> but it is found with its modern spelling from the early 13th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The derivation is uncertain.\u00a0 It is usually said to mean \u2018the estate of someone called Cara<\/em>\u2019, from the Old English personal name + -inga-<\/em> (\u2018belonging to\u2019) + –t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018estate\u2019) but other suggestions are that the name may come from the Old English caring<\/em>, meaning \u2018tending, caring\u2019, c<\/em>\u01e3ring<\/em>, meaning \u2018river bend\u2019, or carr<\/em>, \u2018rocky place\u2019.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

CARVER THEATRE <\/strong>is a small theatre in Marple <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was founded in 1906 as the Marple Drama Society and later moved to the Carver Institute, a community centre built by Thomas Carver <\/em>(1831-1903), a local mill owner and benefactor.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CASTLEFIELD<\/strong>\u00a0is an inner-city\u00a0urban-heritage site in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 It was the site of the Roman fort of Mancunium<\/strong> from about AD 79 but acquired its English name of Castle-in-the-field<\/em> by the Middle Ages.\u00a0 It developed into the industrial area of Castlefield when it became the terminus for the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong> in 1764 and the Liverpool Road<\/strong> terminus of the Liverpool & Manchester Railway in 1830.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CASTLE HALL <\/strong>is residential area east of Dukinfield<\/strong> and close to Cheetham Park<\/strong> and the River Tame<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Castle Hall<\/em>, an Elizabethan-style \u2018castellated<\/em> mansion\u2019 built by Sir William Dukinfield-Daniel (1725-1758).\u00a0 The hall was demolished in 1861 and the area became more urbanised as agricultural workers and immigrants sought work in the area\u2019s textile mills.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CASTLE HILL, Bolton<\/strong> is in south Bradshaw<\/strong> overlooking Bradshaw Brook<\/strong>, north-east of Bolton town centre.\u00a0 Despite its name, there is not and probably never has been a castle<\/em> on the site, and neither is it possible to see any castle from the top \u2013 Bolton Castle in about 130 kilometres to the north-north-east in Yorkshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The origin of the name is usually said to be a mystery, but we might note that the official seal of Bolton, dating from 1799, and the coat of arms of 1890 both included an elephant with a castle on its back.\u00a0 This is said to commemorate a mediaeval link with the Diocese of Mercia<\/strong>, which had its seat in Coventry.\u00a0 The coat of arms of Coventry, granted in 1345, similarly includes an elephant and castle, the castle perhaps one originally built in 1137-43, but destroyed before the end of the 12th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CASTLE HILL, Bowdon\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> WATCH HILL CASTLE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CASTLE HILL, Stockport <\/strong>is the site east of the town centre of Stockport<\/strong> Castle.\u00a0 It is believed it was built between 1135 and 1154, and is recorded as Castellum de Stokeporta<\/em> in 1173 and as Castelhull<\/em> in 1355.\u00a0 It was in ruins by 1535 and demolished in 1775.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CASTLESHAW <\/strong>or CASTLE SHAW <\/strong>is a small village in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> which was formerly in the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded as Castlyshaw<\/em> in 1544 and with its modern spelling in 1581.\u00a0 The name means \u2018the fort or castle near a copse\u2019 from the Old English castel<\/em> + sceaga<\/em>.\u00a0 The fort refers to a Roman fortress built in about AD 79 AD the Roman road from Chester and Manchester<\/strong> to York.\u00a0 The village lends its name to Castleshaw Upper and Lower Reservoirs, which were built in 1887-91 to supply water to Oldham.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CASTLE SHORE BROOK, CASTLE SHORE CLOUGH <\/strong>and CASTLE SHORE HILL <\/strong>are all features in the north-east of the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and are believed to have originated as misspellings of Castle Shaw<\/strong>, the Roman camp and settlement which lies some way to the south-east.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CASTLETON<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> on the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1246 as Castelton<\/em>, literally meaning \u2018settlement by a castle\u2019.\u00a0 This is believed to refer to a Saxon castle beside the River Roch.\u00a0 The settlement was originally Blue Pits Village<\/strong> and the name \u2018Castleton\u2019 was not adopted until 1875, when it became an urban district council.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CATLEY LANE<\/strong> HEAD<\/strong> is a village in Spotland<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, north-west of Rochdale itself.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1418 as Catcloghgate<\/em>, apparently meaning \u2018wild-cat valley road\u2019, from Old English catt<\/em> + cl<\/em>\u014dh <\/em>(\u2018valley\u2019) + Old Norse gate<\/em> (\u2018street, road\u2019), referring to a mediaeval route between Rochdale and Whalley<\/strong> Abbey in Lancashire, also known as Rooley Moor<\/strong> Road. The name had been rationalised to Catley Lane by 1597.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

CENTRAL STATION\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> GMEX<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHADDERTON<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> about 10 kilometres north-east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1200 as Chaderton<\/em> and is said to mean \u2018farm by the hill called Cadeir\u2019.\u00a0 Cader<\/em> is a Celtic word meaning \u2018chair or hill\u2019, with the Old English -t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018farmstead, village\u2019).\u00a0 This may be a reference to the nearby hill Hanging Chadder<\/strong>, which is about 250 metres high.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHADKIRK<\/strong> is an area on the River Goyt<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport <\/strong>that also gives its name to a 24-hectare country park and nature reserve.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1306 as Chaddekirke<\/em> in reference to the current Chadkirk chapel.\u00a0 The name means \u2018St Chad\u2019s<\/strong> church\u2019, referring to the 7th<\/sup>-century Bishop of Lichfield in Mercia<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHADWICK<\/strong> is a village about 3 kilometres west of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in about 1180 as Chaddewyk<\/em>, meaning \u2018the w<\/em>\u012bc<\/em> (village) of Ceadda<\/em>, who is thought to be St Chad\u2019.\u00a0 Chad<\/em> was a 7th<\/sup>-century Anglo-Saxon monk and Bishop of Lichfield in Mercia<\/strong>, and it is claimed that the original church on this site was dedicated to St Chad in AD 673, the year after his death.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHAIN BAR <\/strong>is residential and recreational area in Moston<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>, north-east of the city centre.\u00a0 It is not well documented but the name is found elsewhere in England and suggests that it was once a chained<\/em> toll bar<\/em> on one of the turnpike roads between Manchester and Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 Turnpike trusts were established in the area in the 18th<\/sup> and early 19th<\/sup> centuries but were largely abolished in the late 19th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHAMBERHALL <\/strong>is an industrial estate in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>, north-west of the town centre, opened in 2020.\u00a0 The site takes its name from Chamber Hall<\/em>, a three-storey country house dating from 1611, where Sir Robert Peel<\/strong> was born in 1788.\u00a0 The house was demolished in 1909 or 1911 (sources differ) and an electricity power station was built on the site.\u00a0 The power station was closed down in 1969 and the site was later developed as a business park.\u00a0 \u2018Chamber Hall\u2019 is the name of several country houses across the region.\u00a0 The name is thought to mean either a house with a large chamber<\/em> which can be used for official functions, or a multi-storeyed building with bed-chambers<\/em> on the upper floors.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHANTERS BROOK<\/strong> is a tributary of Glaze Brook\/River Glaze<\/strong> which rises south of Atherton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and flows south-east to meet Hindsford<\/strong> Brook, which then flows west and ultimately joins Glaze Brook.\u00a0 The name comes from the chantry<\/em> (a small chapel where monks or priests would chant<\/em>), which was established in 1360.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHAPELFIELD NATURE RESERVE <\/strong>is a 5.5-hectare local nature reserve in Radcliffe<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The original chapel<\/em> is believed to be that of the Stand Lane Independent (later Congregational and now United Reform Church) chapel built in 1792 and the area had become known as Chapelfield by the end of the 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 In 1915, the Radcliffe Paper Mill was established in Chapelfield and after this was closed down in 1998 the site was converted into the nature reserve.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHAPELFIELDS <\/strong>is a residential area in east Hindley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name means literally \u2018chapel in the fields\u2019 and originated from Hindley Chapel<\/em>, a Presbyterian chapel built in 1641 on land donated by George Green.\u00a0 The chapel passed to the Anglican Church in 1698 and was replaced in 1766.\u00a0 In 1878 it became All Saints Church.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHARLESTOWN, Manchester <\/strong>is a residential area in Blackley<\/strong> about 8 kilometres north of the city centre close to Boggart Hole Clough<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1818-19 and is probably named after Charles<\/em> Booth, a member of a prominent landowning family.\u00a0 An earlier member of the family, Humphrey Booth, had built Booth Hall in Blackley in 1639-40.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHARLESTOWN, Salford<\/strong> is a residential area of the city close to the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented and is said to be a 19th<\/sup>-century name for an area that had various names.\u00a0 It is believed that it is named after someone called Charles<\/em>, but it is not known who this was.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

CHARLESTOWN, Stockport<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> WOODSMOOR <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHASSEN PARK <\/strong>is a small public park with a miniature railway in Flixton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is officially known as Abbotsfield Park<\/strong> but is also known as Chassen Park.\u00a0 It takes this name from the adjacent Chassen Road.\u00a0 The road was originally called Abbots Lane, from a local family, but was changed to Penny Lane in about 1846.\u00a0 In about 1865 it was changed to Chassen Road, apparently from a local family, although no details can be traced.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHAT MOSS<\/strong> is a very large peat bog extending over some 28 square kilometres across the City of Salford<\/strong> and the Metropolitan Boroughs of Wigan<\/strong> and Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded as catemosse<\/em> in 1277 and Daniel Defoe was astounded when he first saw it in about 1727:\u00a0 \u2018the great bog or waste call\u2019d Chatmos<\/em>\u2026. The nature of these mosses, for we found there are many of them in this country\u2026 is indeed frightful to think of.\u2019\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Moss<\/em> is an Old English word meaning \u2018a bog, a swamp\u2019 and is widely used across the region. \u00a0Chat<\/em> is usually explained as the Celtic ced,<\/em> meaning \u2018wood\u2019, and Defoe noted that \u2018under this moss, or rather in the very body of it, \u2026 those antient fir trees are found\u2019.\u00a0 Alternatively, the root could be Old English ceat<\/em>\u00a0meaning \u2018a piece of wet ground\u2019 and, again, Defoe\u2019s description might support such a derivation:\u00a0 \u2018The surface \u2026 will bear neither horse or man, unless in an exceeding dry season.\u2019\u00a0 Other explanations are that Chat<\/em> is a personal name, either Old English Ceatta<\/em> or even St Chad<\/em>, the 7th<\/sup>-century Bishop of Lichfield in Mercia<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEADLE <\/strong>is a suburb or \u2018village\u2019 in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> that was previously part of Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Cheadle is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Cedde<\/em>, where there is \u2018woodland 1 league long and half wide, and an enclosure and a hawk\u2019s eyrie\u2019.\u00a0 The nameis a hybrid that comes from the Celtic c\u0113d<\/em>, meaning \u2018wood\u2019.\u00a0 Chedele<\/em> is recorded from 1197, with the Old English l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018clearing\u2019) added to the Celtic element.\u00a0 This may describe the clearing in the forest or it may be an explanation of the older Celtic element.\u00a0 It has also been suggested that the name may have been derived from St Chad, the 7th<\/sup>-century Bishop of Lichfield in Mercia<\/strong>, but this suggestion is usually discounted.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

CHEADLE HEATH<\/strong> is a suburb of the Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, about 3 kilometres west of the town centre.\u00a0 Originally part of Cheadle<\/strong>, it seems to have developed a separate name by 1367, when it was recorded as Schedleheth<\/em>, from a distorted rendering of Cheadle<\/em> + Old English h<\/em>\u01e3th<\/em> (\u2018uncultivated land\u2019).\u00a0 The modern spelling is found from 1831.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEADLE HULME<\/strong> is a village suburb in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, formerly part of Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Cheadle Hulme was originally part of Cheadle<\/strong>, which is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1).\u00a0 In the early 14th<\/sup> century, Cheadle seems to have split into two:\u00a0 the northern part remained as Cheadle and the southern part became Cheadle Moseley or Cheadle Hulme.\u00a0 The separate name is recorded in 1345 as Chedle Hulm<\/em>, with the modern spelling found from 1669.\u00a0 Cheadle is a hybrid:\u00a0 it comes from the Celtic c\u0113d<\/em>, meaning \u2018wood\u2019, + Old English l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018clearing\u2019).\u00a0 Hulme<\/em> is Old Danish and is related to Old Norse holmr<\/em>, meaning \u2018raised ground in a marsh\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEADLE ROYAL <\/strong>is a locality west of Cheadle<\/strong> town centre in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Cheadle Royal<\/em> Hospital, which was originally founded as the Manchester Lunatic Hospital in what is now Piccadilly Gardens<\/strong> in 1766.\u00a0 It received royal<\/em> sponsorship from King William IV in 1830 as part of Manchester Royal Infirmary, but was moved to Cheadle in 1850 and renamed Cheadle Royal Hospital in 1902.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEADLE SQUARE<\/strong> is a small public space close to the town hall in central Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was laid out in 1947 and named in honour of Frank Cheadle<\/em> (1885-1940), who, as mayor of Bolton in 1928-1929, campaigned for the area to be set aside as a public space rather than being given over to industrial use.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEESDEN <\/strong>is a moorland hamlet in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Chesden<\/em> in 1543 and is taken from the valley of the nearby Cheesden Brook<\/em>, meaning \u2018gravel valley\u2019, from the Old English cis<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018gravel\u2019) + denu <\/em>(\u2018valley\u2019).\u00a0 Cheesden Brook meanders south to meet Naden Brook, <\/strong>which flows into the River Roch<\/strong> near Heywood<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEETHAM<\/strong> and CHEETHAM HILL <\/strong>are neighbouring residential and light-industrial areas in the City of Manchester<\/strong>, north of the city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the late 12th<\/sup> century as Chetham<\/em>, meaning \u2018village by the wood called Chet\u2019, from the Celtic c\u0113d<\/em> (\u2018wood\u2019) + Old English h<\/em>\u0101m<\/em> (\u2018village, homestead\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEETHAM PARK<\/strong> is a 12-hectare public park in Stalybridge <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The land was formerly the estate of John Frederick Cheetham <\/em>(1835-1916), a mill owner and Stalybridge MP, and a relative, a Mrs Wimbush.\u00a0 The two estates were donated to the town of Stalybridge in 1931 and opened as a public park named after J F Cheetham in 1932 and Eastwood Nature Reserve<\/strong>, opened in 1931.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEETWOOD <\/strong>is a locality in Cheetham<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>, north of the city centre, that was first recorded as Chetewood<\/em> in 1489.\u00a0 It shares part of its name with Cheetham but wudu<\/em> (\u2018wood\u2019) has been added to the Celtic c\u0113d-<\/em> or c\u0113to-,<\/em> meaning \u2018forest\u2019, by way of explanation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHELBURN RESERVOIRS\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>There are two reservoirs \u2013 Upper and Lower Chelburn \u2013 in Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The Upper Chelburn was built in 1799-1801 and the Lower Chelburn in 1816 by damming Chelburn Brook <\/em>to supply water for the Rochdale Canal but they were purchased in 1923 by Rochdale and Oldham Corporation to provide drinking water.\u00a0 The derivation of Chelburn is uncertain \u2013 it could mean \u2018cool stream\u2019 or \u2018gravelly stream\u2019, either from Old English col<\/em> (\u2018cool\u2019) or cisel<\/em> (\u2018gravel\u2019) + burna<\/em> (\u2018stream\u2019).\u00a0 Chelburn is one of the few streams in Greater Manchester<\/strong> originally formed from burna <\/em>rather than br\u014dc<\/em>, so that Chelburn Brook is tautologous.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEQUERBENT<\/strong> is a village east of Westhoughton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1782, when reference is made to a coal mine in Chequerbent.\u00a0 The village is probably far older as the name is usually said to mean \u2018Ceacca<\/em>\u2019s moorland grass\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + beonet <\/em>(\u2018bent grass\u2019), referring to the coarse moorland grass found in the vicinity.\u00a0 An alternative possibility is that the first element comes from Old English ceacce<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a lump, applied to a hill\u2019).\u00a0 The name of the village was standardised by the Bolton & Leigh Railway, which opened a station called Chequerbent for Hulton Park on 11 June 1831.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

CHERRY CLOUGH <\/strong>is a rural area north-west of Denshaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded from 1750 and means \u2018cherry valley\u2019, from Middle English chery<\/em> or chiri<\/em> + clough<\/em>.\u00a0 Cherry Brook flows through Cherry Clough, joining Lumb Hole Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the River Tame.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHERRY TREE <\/strong>is a residential area of Romiley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was one of the hamlets of Romiley that was shown on the 1831 Ordnance Survey map.\u00a0 It takes its name from Cherry Tree<\/em> Farm, which was probably developed in the 1840s and named after a prominent cherry tree rather than a cherry orchard.\u00a0 The land was acquired by compulsory purchase after World War II and a housing estate was built in the early 1950s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHESHAM<\/strong> is a residential area of the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1429 as Chesum<\/em>, meaning \u2018gravelly place\u2019, from the Old English cis<\/em> (\u2018gravel, heap of stones\u2019) + h<\/em>\u0101m<\/em> (\u2018village, homestead\u2019).\u00a0 Another possibility is that it derives from the Celtic c\u0113d<\/em>, meaning \u2018wood\u2019.\u00a0 See also<\/em> FREETOWN<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

CHESHIRE<\/strong> is the county to the south of Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle of 980 as Legeceasterscir<\/em>, meaning \u2018shire of the fort of the legions\u2019,\u00a0but by the time of the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) it had been reduced to Cestrescir <\/em>(\u2018Chester-shire\u2019).\u00a0 Chester itself is derived from the Latin castra<\/em>, meaning \u2018camp or fort\u2019.\u00a0 The border between the counties of Cheshire and Lancashire<\/strong> was the River Mersey<\/strong> but the creation of Greater Manchester<\/strong> in 1974 moved the boundary south and parts of north-east Cheshire were moved into Greater Manchester – Altrincham<\/strong>, Dukinfield, Hyde, Stalybridge <\/strong>and Stockport<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHETHAM\u2019S LIBRARY<\/strong> is a free public reference library in central Manchester.<\/strong>\u00a0 The library, as well as a school, were established in 1653 through the will of Humphrey Chetham<\/em> (1580-1653), making it the oldest public reference library in the English-speaking world.\u00a0 In 1698 Celia Fiennes described it as \u2018a large Library 2 long walls full of books on each side; there is also the globes at the end and maps\u2019.\u00a0 Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx worked together in the library in 1845 and published \u2018The Communist Manifesto\u2019 in 1848.\u00a0 The desk they worked at is exhibited in the library.\u00a0 The school became Chetham\u2019s School of Music in 1969.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

CHEW BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1325 as Choo<\/strong>, meaning \u2018valley\u2019, from \u2018gap, fissure, cleft\u2019 and hence \u2018valley\u2019, from Old English c\u0113o<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019) + broc<\/em>\u2019.\u00a0 Chew Brook rises on the western slopes of Black Chew Head<\/strong> and then empties into Chew Reservoir, which was built in 1912, and joins the Tame in Greenfield.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEW MOOR<\/strong> is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong> that is first recorded as Chow More<\/em> in the 16th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name is said to derive either from the Old English c\u0113o<\/em>, meaning \u2018fissure\u2019 and hence \u2018valley\u2019, or the Chew<\/em> or Chow<\/em> family, who lived in the area in the 16th<\/sup> and 17th<\/sup> centuries, or perhaps the Cholle<\/em> family, who can be traced back to 1322.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u2018CHINA TOWN\u2019 <\/strong>is an area of central Manchester<\/strong> around Faulkner Street with many Chinese restaurants, shops and supermarkets.\u00a0 The term is widely used in cities across the world and dates back as far as 1606.\u00a0 Manchester\u2019s Chinatown<\/em> was a post-war development dating from the opening of the first Chinese restaurant, the Ping Hong, in 1948 and immigration mostly from Hong Kong in the 1950s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHORLTON-CUM-HARDY<\/strong> is a suburb of south Manchester<\/strong> that was originally two settlements (see separately for Hardy<\/strong>) \u2013 Chorlton in the north and Hardy in the south, separated by Chorlton Brook.\u00a0 Chorlton is recorded in 1258 as Cholreton<\/em>, but with the modern spelling in 1551.\u00a0 The name is an eponym \u2013 \u2018Ceolferth\u2019s farm or village\u2019 from the Anglo-Saxon personal name C<\/em>\u0113olferth<\/em> (modern Charlton).\u00a0 The combined name of Chorlton-cum-Hardy \u2013 literally Chorlton with Hardy \u2013 is first recorded in 1700 but seems to have become more widely used in about 1880, when property developers used the term to distinguish it from Chorlton-upon-Medlock<\/strong>; the opening of the Midland Railway\u2019s Chorlton-cum-Hardy station in that year standardised the name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHORLTON EES <\/strong>is a 58-hectare nature reserve on the south side of the River Mersey<\/strong> in the south of the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the nearby town of Chorlton<\/em> + Ees<\/em>, a local word for an area of dry woodland in a marshy area derived from the Old English \u0113g<\/em>, meaning \u2018island\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHORLTON FOLD <\/strong>is a suburban area of Eccles<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 Chorlton<\/strong> was a common name in northern Cheshire<\/strong> and south Lancashire<\/strong>, and it was necessary to distinguish various places with this name.\u00a0 Chorlton Fold is not well documented but would seem to come from the Old English ceorl<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a freeman of the lower class, a peasant\u2019) + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018enclosure, village\u2019) + fold<\/em> (\u2018small group of cottages and farm buildings\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHORLTON-UPON-MEDLOCK<\/strong> or CHORLTON-ON-MEDLOCK<\/strong> is an inner-city suburb of the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded as Cherleton <\/em>in 1177, meaning \u2018farmstead of the freemen or peasants\u2019, from the Old English ceorl<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a freeman of the lower class, a peasant\u2019) + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018enclosure, village\u2019).\u00a0 In mediaeval times until 1618, the village was known as Chorlton Row, i.e. Chorlton Road, as it was beside the Roman road from Manchester to Buxton.\u00a0 The modern name of Chorlton-upon-Medlock is recorded from 1843, indicating the area\u2019s position on the south bank of the River Medlock.\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHORLTONVILLE<\/strong> is a residential area within Chorlton-cum-Hardy<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built as a private venture in 1910-11, inspired by the garden city movement.\u00a0 The name is aspirational, combining Chorlton<\/em> with the French –ville<\/em>, which was used by some housing-estate developers in the late 19th<\/sup> and early 20th<\/sup> centuries, perhaps because of American influence.\u00a0 This is the only such example in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHOWBENT<\/strong> is an area of Atherton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> or an old, alternative name for Atherton which is still used locally.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in about 1350 as Chollebynt<\/em> and Shollebent<\/em>, and may be derived from an Old English personal name C\u0113ola<\/em> or ceole<\/em> meaning \u2018gorge\u2019 + bent<\/em>, \u2018crooked land\u2019, or beonet<\/em>, meaning \u2018coarse moorland grass\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CINDER HILL<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0There are many places called Cinder Hill across England, including at least two in Greater Manchester:\u00a0 Cinder Hill near Holcombe <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>, first recorded in 1688, and Cinder Hill in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, first recorded in 1722.\u00a0 \u00a0The name means \u2018hill where cinder or slag is spread or found\u2019, from the Old English sinder<\/em> + hyll<\/em>.\u00a0 As the names suggest, they are sites of mediaeval metal-working, probably iron.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLAMMERCLOUGH<\/strong> is an area in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong> that is especially known for Clammerclough (or Farnworth) tunnel, built by the Manchester & Bolton Railway in 1838.\u00a0 The area is not well documented before the construction of the tunnel but the name is possibly derived from Old English claeme<\/em> + cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>, meaning \u2018clayey or muddy ravine or valley\u2019.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The valley refers to that of the Rivers Croa<\/strong>l and Irwel<\/strong>l, which join in Clammerclough.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLARENCE PARK <\/strong>is a 20-hectare public park in Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in 1883 as Walmersley<\/strong> Road Recreation Ground but renamed Clarence Park in 1888 when it was officially opened by the Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII), who was also known as the Duke of Clarence<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLARKE\u2019S BRIDGE <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> KINGSTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLARINGTON BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Douglas<\/strong> that rises east of Whelley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and flows south-west to join the Douglas in Scholes<\/strong>.\u00a0 According to local sources, the name was originally Lorington Brook,<\/em> presumably meaning \u2018the settlement of Lora\u2019s<\/em> people\u2019, derived from an Anglo-Saxon personal name.\u00a0 By the 19th<\/sup> century, the name appears as Clarington Brook.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLARKSFIELD<\/strong> is a suburban district of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1821 and, as its name suggests, was an agricultural area.\u00a0 Presumably the name is an eponym, but it has not been possible to identify the Clark<\/em> for whom it is named.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLAYTON<\/strong> is a suburb of the City of Manchester<\/strong> in Droylsden<\/strong>, situated some 5 kilometres east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in about 1250 as Cleyton <\/em>but its modern spelling is recorded as early as 1439.\u00a0 There are two versions of the origin of the place name.\u00a0 It could be from Old English cl<\/em>\u01e3g<\/em> + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>, meaning \u2018homestead on clayey ground`.\u00a0 Another, perhaps more likely suggestion, is that it is named after the Clayton<\/em> family, who lived in this area and for whom the Clayton Hall was built in the 12th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 This was replaced in the 15th century by the present Clayton Hall, which is now a museum.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLEGG HALL <\/strong>is a rural area north of Milnrow<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1200 as Clegg<\/em>, probably from the Old Norse kleggi<\/em>, meaning \u2018haystack\u2019 and hence \u2018hill\u2019, probably in reference to the 175-metre high Owl Hill<\/strong>, at the foot of which Clegg stands.\u00a0 The original hall was built in the 13th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 A new hall was built in 1610-1618 and still stands as the centre of this sparsely-populated community.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The CLIFF<\/strong> is a residential and recreational area in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1817, when Cliff House<\/em> was erected on the heights above the River Irwell<\/strong>, giving the area its name.\u00a0 The area developed as a commuter suburb in the 19th<\/sup> century and was also home to Manchester <\/strong>race course.\u00a0 Today, areas of the Cliff have been turned over to sports fields and a country park adjoining Kersal<\/strong> Dale.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLIFTON<\/strong> is a suburb of Swinton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>, about 8 kilometres north-west of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded as Clifton <\/em>in 1184 and its name transparently means \u2018settlement near a cliff or hillside\u2019, from the Old English clif<\/em> + -t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>, which describes its position along the steeply-sloping bank of the River Irwell.<\/strong>\u00a0 Clifton gives its name to the 48-hectare Clifton Country Park, which now occupies the site of the Wet Earth Colliery<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLOSE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Douglas<\/strong> that rises south of Marsh Green<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and flows east to meet the Douglas in Laithwaite<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded on the Ordnance Survey maps of the late 1840s and probably means \u2018the brook running through or beside an enclose<\/em>d field\u2019, although it has not been possible to identify which field this could refer to.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLOSE PARK<\/strong> is an 11.2-hectare public park in Radcliffe<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The park is sited in the grounds of Close <\/em>House, the estate of the Bealey<\/strong> family, a local family of textile bleachers.\u00a0\u00a0 The estate was donated to the people of Radcliffe in 1925 and the grounds converted into a public park.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLOUGH, Littleborough<\/strong> is a rural area north-west of Littleborough <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is one of many across Greater Manchester derived from the Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>, meaning \u2018ravine, deep valley\u2019, referring to Long Clough Brook and Stony Brook, which meet in Clough<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLOUGH, Shaw <\/strong>is a rural area east of Shaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>. The name is not well documented but comes from the Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>, meaning \u2018ravine, deep valley\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLOVER HALL <\/strong>is a village north-west of Milnrow<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but seems to mean \u2018clover nook\u2019, from the Old English claefre<\/em> (\u2018clover\u2019) + <\/strong>halh\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018nook or corner of land\u2019), referring to the sharp meander in the River Beal<\/strong> to the east of Clover Hall.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLOWES PARK <\/strong>is a 10-hectare public park in Broughton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The Clowes<\/em> family acquired an extensive estate in Broughton in the 18th<\/sup> century and the park was laid out by George Clowes in 1866.\u00a0 He later donated the park to the City of Salford.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COAL BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises west of Delph<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>and flows roughly north for a short distance through Coal Clough to meet the Tame.\u00a0 The name is not well documented or dated but, as coal has been mined in the Delph area since the Middle Ages, it seems likely that it is literal, meaning \u2018the stream where coal seams or outcrops can be found\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COCKBROOK <\/strong>is a residential area of Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Cock Brook<\/em>, a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong>, which flows just south of Cockbrook.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>The name is not well documented before 1891, when Cockbrook Mill was opened, powered by water from Cock Brook.\u00a0 The origin of the name is also uncertain.\u00a0 Judging by other places with \u2018cock\u2019 as a first element, the origin could be Old English cocc<\/em> meaning \u2018a rooster\u2018 or cocc<\/em> meaning \u2018a hillock\u2019.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

COCKER HILL<\/strong> is a hill with a residential area at its foot north-west of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 Although the history of Cocker Hill is well documented, dating back to 1698, making it one of the oldest areas of Stalybridge, the origin of the name is uncertain.\u00a0 However, its position west of a bend in the River Tame<\/strong> makes it likely that it means \u2018crooked hill\u2019, from the Old Norse krokr<\/em>, meaning \u2018crook, bend, usually of a river\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COCKEY MOOR<\/strong> is an area on the eastern side of Ainsworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1545 as Cokkaye Chapel Moor.<\/em>\u00a0 The origin is uncertain:\u00a0 either Old English cocc,<\/em> meaning \u2018rooster\u2019, or Anglo-Saxon personal name Cocca<\/em> + hege<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019).\u00a0 Taken together, the meaning could be \u2018an enclosure for breeding birds or for cock-fighting\u2019 or \u2018Cocca\u2019s settlement\u2019.\u00a0 An alternative derivation is suggested by the Old Celtic kokka<\/em> (\u2018red earth\u2019) + Old English l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018woodland clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COCK KNARR BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises on Cock Knarr, east of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> and flows north-east into Swineshaw<\/strong> Brook, which then flows west to meet the Tame in Millbrook<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name means \u2018hillock (Old English cocc<\/em>) with a rugged rock (cnearr<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COFFIN LANE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong> that rises east of Bryn Gates<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, then flows east to meet Hey Brook<\/strong> and ultimately empties into Glaze Brook.\u00a0 The name is recorded on the Ordnance Survey map of 1846, which also shows Coffin Lane<\/em>, a track that today leads west from Bryn Gates but which was probably part of an old corpse road from Abram<\/strong> to the church in Ashton-in-Makerfield<\/strong>.\u00a0 Coffin or corpse lanes were common in mediaeval England as coffins had to be carried quite long distances to the nearest church or cemetery.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COLD GREAVE CLOUGH <\/strong>is a valley with a stream on the moors of the west Pennines<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> that flows into the Rooden Catchwater and feeds Rooden Reservoir<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded on Ordnance Survey maps of the 1840s and means \u2018the ravine (Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>) of or beside the bleak (Old English cald<\/em>) grove <\/em>(Old English gr<\/em>\u01e3fe<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COLDHURST<\/strong> is a residential area in central Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1844, when an ecclesiastical parish was established.\u00a0 The origin of the name is uncertain but it is unlikely to be \u2018cold, cool\u2019. The first element is more likely to be Old English col<\/em>, meaning \u2018coal, especially charcoal\u2019.\u00a0 The second element is Old English hyrst<\/em>,\u00a0(\u2018wooded hill\u2019), so that the combined meaning would be \u2018wooded hill suitable for charcoal-making or where charcoal is made\u2019.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

COLLIER BROOK <\/strong>is a 3-kilometre tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong> that rises east of Atherton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and joins with Atherton Brook and Lilford<\/strong> Park Brook before their confluence with Glaze Brook.\u00a0 The name is taken from the Collier<\/em> family, who owned Collier Brook Farm from the early 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It gave its name to the Collier Brook Bolt Works, which was built in 1856 on Bag Lane<\/strong>, opposite Collier Brook Farm.\u00a0 The site is now occupied by Collier Brook Industrial Estate.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COLLYHURST<\/strong> is an inner-city district of the City of Manchester<\/strong>, about 2.5 kilometres north-east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1322 with its modern spelling and means \u2018wooded hill grimy with coal dust or soot\u2019, from Old English colig<\/em> (\u2018grimy, coal-like\u2019) + hyrst <\/em>(\u2018wooded hill\u2019).\u00a0 There seems to be no history of coal-working in the area in the Middle Ages but coal was found nearby in the 19th<\/sup> century, leading to the sinking of St George\u2019s colliery in 1866.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

COLLYHURST FOOTBRIDGE<\/strong> is a disused footbridge over the River Irk<\/strong> and the former sidings of the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway connecting Collyhurst <\/strong>with Cheetham Hill<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in the 1890s and is also known as \u2018Barney\u2019s Steps\u2019, as it overlooked a 1950s council dump called Barney\u2019s Tip, the \u2018Impossible Bridge\u2019, or \u2018Lowry<\/strong>\u2019s Footbridge\u2019 as it was painted by Lowry in 1938 (see<\/em> Appendix 2).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COMPSTALL<\/strong> is a village on the River Etherow <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1608 as Compstall Bridge<\/em>, referring to a crossing over the Etherow.\u00a0 The derivation is uncertain but it is usually said to mean \u2018valley fishing place\u2019 from Old English cumb<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019) + stall<\/em> (\u2018a place for catching fish, fishery\u2019).\u00a0 The Etherow is still known for its trout fishing.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CONEY GREEN <\/strong>is a residential area of Radcliffe<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It appears on the Ordnance Survey maps of 1891-93 but was previously mentioned in the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway Act of 1877 authorising a line to Coney Green<\/em> Farm.\u00a0 The name means \u2018green <\/em>or grassy area where rabbits are found or kept\u2019, from Middle English coni<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CONTACT THEATRE <\/strong>is the University of Manchester\u2019s arts venue on Oxford Road <\/strong>in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was started in 1972 as Manchester\u2019s Young People\u2019s Theatre but was renamed Contact<\/em> in 1999 to highlight its mission to provide a point of contact<\/em> between the university and the wider community.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COOKCROFT <\/strong>is a residential area south of Shaw <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears on Ordnance Survey maps in the 1880s and probably means \u2018the small enclosure or farm (croft<\/em>) belonging the someone called Cook<\/em>\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COOPER TURNING <\/strong>is a hamlet at the junction of Chorley Road (A6) and Dicconson Lane (B5239) north-west of Westhoughton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears on Ordnance Survey maps of 1888-90 and the same maps show a \u2018works\u2019 there.\u00a0 It is tempting to conclude that there was a cooper\u2019<\/em>s works at this turning<\/em> in the road but this cannot be confirmed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COPLEY<\/strong> is a district of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, about 13 kilometres east of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1345 as Coppelegh<\/em>, probably meaning \u2018clearing beneath a peaked hill\u2019, from Middle English coppa<\/em> (\u2018peaked\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em>\u00a0<\/strong>(‘a clearing’).\u00a0 This would fit with Copley\u2019s position at the foot of the Pennines<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is also possible that it means \u2018Coppa\u2019s place\u2019, from an Anglo-Saxon personal name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COPSTER HILL <\/strong>is a district in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> which takes its name from the nearby hill.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1422 as Coppedhyrst<\/em>, from copped<\/em>, meaning \u2018peaked\u2019, and hyrst<\/em>, meaning \u2018wooded hill\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CORNBROOK <\/strong>or CORN BROOK <\/strong>is a district in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> which takes its name from the Corn<\/em> Brook<\/em>, a tributary of the Irwell <\/strong>which now flows into the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> at Pomona<\/strong> docks. \u00a0The name is recorded in 1322 and means \u2018stream with cranes\u2019 rather than \u2018stream with corn\u2019, derived from the Old English cran<\/em>, cron<\/em> or corn<\/em>.\u00a0 The use of the name was perhaps standardised by a station with that name opened in 1856 by the Manchester South Junction & Altrincham Railway.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CORONATION STREET<\/strong> is a street on the New Barracks<\/strong> estate of the City of Salford.<\/strong>\u00a0 The estate was built in 1900-1904 and the street was named for the coronation<\/em> of King Edward VII on 9 August 1902.\u00a0 The street gives its name to the long-running ITV soap-opera of that name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CORRIDOR MANCHESTER\u00a0 <\/strong>See <\/em>OXFORD ROAD<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COTE GREEN <\/strong>is a residential area of Marple Bridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded from 1842.\u00a0 The origin of the name is uncertain but one possibility is Old or Middle English cot<\/em>, meaning \u2018cottage or hut\u2019 + gr<\/em>\u0113ne<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COTTERILL CLOUGH NATURE RESERVE <\/strong>is a 5.6 hectare woodland area and site of special scientific interest south of the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was purchased with funds raised by the public in memory of Thomas Alfred Coward (1867-1933), a naturalist from the University of Manchester.\u00a0 The name comes from the family name Cottrell<\/em> + the Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>, meaning \u2018ravine, deep valley\u2019 in reference to the valley of Cotterill <\/em>Brook, a tributary of the River Bollin<\/strong>, which flows through the area.\u00a0 The surname Cotterill or Cottrell is thought to derive from the is Old or Middle English cot<\/em>, meaning \u2018cottage or hut\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COTTON FAMINE ROAD <\/strong>is a cobbled road on Rooley Moor<\/strong> above Norden<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> built during the American Civil War in the 1860s, when slave-grown cotton from the Confederate States was boycotted by the Lancashire mill workers, causing a \u2018cotton famine\u2019<\/em> and extreme social hardship.\u00a0 To provide employment and relief, millworkers were paid to pave a mile-long section of the road with about a third of a million stone cobbles or \u2018setts\u2019.\u00a0 The road still exists today as a memorial to the Rochdale mill workers.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u2018COTTONOPOLIS\u2019<\/strong> is a nickname for Manchester<\/strong> and the surrounding industrial areas of south Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1851 but seems to have been coined somewhat earlier, although no one seems to know when or by whom.\u00a0 The name is derived from cotton<\/em> and metropolis<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Certain inhabitants of Cottonopolis were sometimes referred to as \u2018Cottontots\u2019.\u00a0 The term seems to have originated in the early 1840s when the children (tots<\/em>) of cotton<\/em> families made excursions to what was then northern Cheshire<\/strong> on the newly-built railways, annoying the local inhabitants.\u00a0 However, by the 1870s the term was used more approvingly to refer to cotton magnates who were known for their wealth, philanthropy and lavish homes in Bowdon<\/strong> and other towns in south Manchester<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

The COUNTY BROOK\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> BROOK BOTTOM<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COUNTY END<\/strong> is an area on the eastern side of Lees<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area is at the point where the previous county of Lancashire<\/strong> met the former West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong>, explaining the name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COVERSHAW BRIDGE <\/strong>is a road bridge across Sinderland <\/strong>Brook from Dunham Massey<\/strong> into Carrington<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is at this point that Sinderland and Caldwell<\/strong> Brooks join to form Red Brook<\/strong>, which then flows west into the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The bridge is shown on the Ordnance Survey map of 1842 and may mean \u2018dove or pigeon copse\u2019 from Old English culfre<\/em> + sceaga<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COWHILL<\/strong> is a residential area of Chadderton <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1200 as Kuhill<\/em>, literally meaning \u2018cow\u2019s hill\u2019, from Middle English cou<\/em> + hyll<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COWLISHAW<\/strong> is a residential area in the west of Shaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Cowleshawe<\/em> in 1558.\u00a0 The derivation is uncertain but it could mean \u2018charcoal hill\u2019 from Old English colig\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018<\/em>charcoal; full of, or marked by, charcoal\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse\u2019).<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

COX GREEN<\/strong> is a residential area in the Egerton<\/strong> district of the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded as Cosse<\/em> 1108 but by 1248 it had become Cokksgrene<\/em>, from the Old English cocc <\/em>(\u2018hillock, hilltop\u2019) + grene\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018grassy spot, village green\u2019).\u00a0 However, over time the name was rationalised to \u2018Cox\u2019 as if it were an eponym referring to someone named Cox who owned or worked the land.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CRANKWOOD <\/strong>is a hamlet north-east of Golborne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The place is not well documented before the first edition of the Ordnance Survey maps in the first half of the 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It takes its name from nearby Crank Wood but the origin is uncertain:\u00a0 possibilities are Old English cranus<\/em> (\u2018crane\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse\u2019) or crumb<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018crooked, twisted\u2019) + wudu <\/em>(\u2018wood, forest\u2019), so that the meaning might be \u2018wood of the cranes\u2019 or \u2018crooked wood\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CRIMBLE<\/strong> or CRIMBLES <\/strong>is a rural area on the River Roch <\/strong>north of Heywood <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale.\u00a0 <\/strong>The name is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Crumles<\/em>, from the Old English cr<\/em>\u04efmel<\/em> meaning \u2018a small piece (crumb) of land\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CRIME LAKE<\/strong> is a small lake in Daisy Nook<\/strong> Country Park in Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The lake was formed in 1794 or 1795 when a blocked culvert under the Hollinwood<\/strong> Canal resulted in flooding.\u00a0 The name is said to be derived from chrime<\/em>, a dialect word for a meadow, or perhaps an eponym referring to someone who owned the meadow.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CRINGLE BROOK\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>There are several places named Cringle across England, all derived from the Old Norse kringla<\/em>, meaning \u2018circle\u2019, and often referring to the meandering of a river.\u00a0 Cringle Brook in Burnage<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong> that rises in Heaton Chapel<\/strong> and later joins Chorlton <\/strong>Brook.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1322 as Kringelbroke<\/em>, meaning \u2018the winding stream\u2019, and later gave its name to the area through which it flowed and to Cringle Hall, built early in the second half of the 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Today Cringle Brook survives as the name of a school and gives its name to Cringle Park in Levenshulme<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River CROAL<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises west of Bolton<\/strong> and then flows east for about 16 kilometres to meet the Irwell at Nob End<\/strong> in Kearsley<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name means \u2018winding stream\u2019 and is derived from the Old English croh<\/em> (\u2018a nook of land in a river bend\u2019, hence \u2018winding\u2019) + wella<\/em> (\u2018stream\u2019), referring to its meandering course.\u00a0 Despite its Old English form, the Croal is not recorded before 1836, when it is identified as forming the boundary between Great and Little Bolton.\u00a0 Before the 19th<\/sup> century it is usually referred to as Mikelbrok<\/em>, a form which is recorded in 1292 and which means \u2018great stream\u2019, from Old English mycel<\/em> + br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em>.\u00a0 Over time this was rationalised to Middlebrook<\/em><\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROFTS BANK<\/strong> is a residential area of the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but it is likely that it is derived from the Old English croft<\/em>, meaning \u2018small enclosed field\u2019 + Old Norse or Middle English banke<\/em>, meaning hill slope.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROMPTON<\/strong> is part of the district of Shaw<\/strong> and Crompton in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1246 as Crumpton<\/em>, meaning \u2018settlement in a bend\u2019 referring to Crompton\u2019s position in a meander of the River Beal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The origin is the Old English crumb<\/em> (\u2018crooked, twisted, bent\u2019) + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018homestead, settlement, village\u2019).<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

CROMPTON PLACE<\/strong> is a retail centre in Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in 1971 as an Arndale Centre<\/strong> but was renamed in 1989 after the Bolton-born industrialist and inventor, Samuel Crompton<\/em> (1753-1827), who invented his spinning mule for the manufacture of cotton and other fibres in in about 1779 while living in Hall I\u2019 th\u2019 Wood.\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROMWELL BRIDGE, <\/strong>originally CROMWELL ROAD BRIDGE<\/strong>, was built in 1880-1882 and crosses the River Irwell<\/strong> to connect Broughton<\/strong> with Pendleton <\/strong>in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 Oliver Cromwell<\/em> (1599-1658) had many associations with what is now Greater Manchester<\/strong> during and after the civil war, but it is not known precisely when or why Cromwell Road was named after him.\u00a0 There are 24 streets named after Cromwell in Greater Manchester.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CRONKEYSHAW COMMON<\/strong> is a 16.3-hectare area of public open space with trees in northern Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1470 as Crankshaw<\/em> and there are various suggestions for its derivation.\u00a0 It may come from Old English cranus<\/em> (\u2018crane\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse\u2019) or crumb<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018crooked, twisted\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse\u2019), so that the meaning might be \u2018copse of the cranes\u2019 or \u2018crooked copse\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROOKE <\/strong>is a village on the River Douglas<\/strong> and the Leeds & Liverpool Canal in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1324 as Crok<\/em>, probably from the Old Norse krokr<\/em>, meaning \u2018a crook, a bend\u2019, usually referring land in the bend of a river, which aptly describes the village\u2019s location in a meander in the River Douglas.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROOK GATE RESERVOIR <\/strong>is one of a series of reservoirs north of Denshaw<\/strong> built in the 1880s to supply water for the population and industries of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The reservoir is fed by Readycon Dean Brook<\/strong>, which is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong>.\u00a0 The origin of the name is unclear and undocumented but it is believed to be named after a toll gate<\/em> located on a crook<\/em> or bend in a road across the moors.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROOKILLEY WOOD <\/strong>is a 4.57-hectare area of ancient woodland near Bredbury<\/strong> and Brinnington<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1259 as Crokuill<\/em> but the origin is uncertain:\u00a0 it may be Old English croc<\/em> (\u2018a shepherd\u2019s crook) + l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROSSACRES<\/strong> is a residential area of Wythenshawe<\/strong> in the City of Manchester.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1290 as Crosacres<\/em>, meaning \u2018fields or ploughed lands (Old English \u00e6cer<\/em>) near a cross (cros<\/em>)\u2019.\u00a0 As the name suggests, this was sparsely-populated farmland noted for its flax, although the location of the cross is not recorded.\u00a0 In the 1930s the area was incorporated into the Wythenshawe development around Crossacres Road.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROSS BANK<\/strong> is a village in the south of Oldham<\/strong> on the River Medlock<\/strong>.\u00a0 The village is thought to have been part of the lands granted to the Knights Templar in England in the 13th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The Knights Templar marked ownership of their territory by placing crosses <\/em>in earth banks<\/em>, which explains the name of Crossbank.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROSS BANK BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong> that rises south-east of Shuttleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> and flows north-west to join the Irwell south-east of Stubbins in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Its derivation is not well documented:\u00a0 the name could reference the fact that it crosses<\/em> Bank Lane<\/strong>, or it may refer to an ancient cross<\/em> that perhaps marked the eastern boundary of Ramsbottom<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROSSFORD BRIDGE<\/strong> today carries the old Roman road from Manchester<\/strong> to Chester (the A56) across the River Mersey<\/strong> between Stretford<\/strong> and Sale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1295 as Crosford<\/em>, meaning simply \u2018the ford by the cross\u2019, possibly referring to a cross<\/em> that originally stood on the north bank of the Mersey.\u00a0 The ford<\/em> became unusable in the Middle Ages and the original wooden bridge is said to have been built by 1367, but this was replaced by a stone bridge in 1578.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROWCROFT PARK <\/strong>is a public park in Longsight<\/strong> and Levenshulme<\/strong>, south of the city centre of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 In the 19th<\/sup> century, the area was an industrial area engaged in cotton manufacture, but in 1900 Manchester Corporation took over the lease and laid the area out as a park.\u00a0 The first cotton mill had been started in Crowcroft<\/em> by Thomas Knight in 1815 but it is likely that the name is older, meaning \u2018small field where crows are found\u2019 from the Middle English croue<\/em> + croft<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

CROWHILL<\/strong> is a residential area west of Waterloo<\/strong> in Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The residential development dates from the 1950s but it is assumed that the local area, commonly known as \u2018The Moss\u2019, was at some time named Crow Hill<\/em>, from Old English cran<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018crane, heron or similar bird\u2019) + hyll<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROWN POINT <\/strong>is an area in Denton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> which gives its name to the Crown Point retail shopping park, built in 2003 on the site of the Victoria Hat Works.\u00a0 The name goes back at least as far as 1817 and commemorates a battle in the northern part of what is now the American state of New York in 1759, when the British destroyed a French garrison known as Fort St Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric, which they then renamed Fort Crown Point<\/em>, a translation of the French Pointe \u00e0 la Chevelure.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROWTHER STREET <\/strong>or CROWTHER STEPS<\/strong> is a steep cobbled street in the Underbanks <\/strong>district of Stockport<\/strong> made famous by two paintings by L S Lowry.\u00a0 <\/strong>The street is named after the Crowther<\/em> family, who had silk works in both Stockport and Heaton Norris<\/strong> in the late 18th<\/sup> and early 19th<\/sup> centuries.\u00a0 The original houses on Crowther Street were demolished in the 1960s but restored early in the 2000s to approximate to those in Lowry\u2019s paintings.\u00a0 (See<\/em> Appendix 2)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CRUMPSALL<\/strong> is a suburb of the City of Manchester<\/strong> on the River Irk<\/strong> approximately 5 kilometres north of the city centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1235 as Corneshal <\/em>and its modern spelling is recorded since 1552.\u00a0 It is usually said to be an eponym meaning \u2018Crumb\u2019s nook\u2019, although it has also been suggested that it could mean \u2018crooked piece of land\u2019, from Old English crumb<\/em> (\u2018crooked, bent\u2019) + halh <\/em>(\u2018nook of land\u2019), from the large bend in the River Irk at this point.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CUDWORTH BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises on Cudworth Pasture on the moors north of Castleshaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>and flows south through Cudworth Clough into Castleshaw Upper Reservoir.\u00a0 The name seems to be undocumented but is found elsewhere in England as an eponym meaning \u2018Cuda\u2019s or Cutha\u2019s enclosure\u2019, from an Old English personal name + Old English worth<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CULCHETH<\/strong> is a suburb of the City of Manchester <\/strong>close to Newton Heath<\/strong>.\u00a0 This Culcheth is not to be confused with Culcheth in the Metropolitan Borough of Warrington in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Culcheth Hall in Manchester was the mediaeval seat of the Culcheth family, but they died out in 1621.\u00a0 It is assumed that these two places named Culcheth both originally meant \u2018narrow wood\u2019 or \u2018nook of a wood\u2019 from Celtic c<\/em>\u016bl <\/em>(\u2018narrow\u2019) + coed<\/em> (\u2018wood\u2019), but another possibility is that it is a corruption of Kershaw<\/em>, meaning \u2018church in a copse\u2019, from Old Norse kirk<\/em> + Old English sceaga<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CULVERT CLOUGH <\/strong>flows south-west from the west Pennine<\/strong> moors of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> to meet the Rooden Catchwater that feeds Rooden Reservoir<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded on Ordnance Survey maps of the late 19th<\/sup> century and means \u2018the ravine (Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>) with a stream in or like a culvert<\/em>\u2019.\u00a0 Culvert<\/em> first appears in English as an engineering term in 1774 and is usually said to be of unknown origin, although it has been suggested that it is of French or Dutch origin, or even an eponym named after a forgotten engineer.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CUNNINGHAM BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong> that rises west of Westhoughton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It flows south and ultimately joins the River Glaze<\/strong> near Lately Common in Warrington.\u00a0 The name is recorded on the Ordnance Survey map of 1892 and probably takes its name from a farm or field owned by a local family called Cunningham<\/em>.\u00a0 The surname Cunningham<\/em> is of Scottish origin from a place in Ayrshire meaning \u2018the homestead or enclosure of the milk pail\u2019, from the Gaelic cuinneag<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018milk pail\u2019) +\u00a0ham<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018enclosure, homestead\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u2018CURRY MILE\u2019<\/strong> is the nickname given to the stretch of Wilmslow Road passing through Rusholme<\/strong>, south of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The area became a meeting place for the many people from the Asian subcontinent who settled in Manchester in the late 1950s and 1960s, and \u2018Curry Mile\u2019<\/em> became the nickname in the mid-1980s for the many restaurants that were opened.\u00a0 In January 2008 the name was standardised when Manchester City Council erected signs with the title. \u00a0Curry<\/em> comes from the Tamil kari<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CUTACRE COUNTRY PARK <\/strong>is a 226-hectare nature reserve across parts of Salford<\/strong>, Wigan<\/strong> and Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in 2020 on the site of a massive slag heap formed in the early 20th<\/sup> century when waste from Brackley and Mossley Common collieries was dumped in the valley of Cutacre Clough<\/em>.\u00a0 Opencast mining ended in 2011 and the site was then landscaped and transformed into the country park.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is possibly an eponym, from an Anglo-Saxon personal name such as Cutha<\/em> + \u00e6cer<\/em>, meaning \u2018plot of land\u2019.\u00a0 Cutacre lends its name to Cutacre Brook, a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CUTGATE <\/strong>is a residential area of Rochdale<\/strong> about 1.5 kilometres west of the town centre.\u00a0 It was recorded as Cut-Hays<\/em> in 1562 and \u2018gate\u2019 is thought to derive from Old Norse gata<\/em>, meaning \u2018road\u2019.\u00a0 It has been suggested that the first element is either a personal name or that it refers to the road being cut<\/em> across the hillside.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CUTLER HILL <\/strong>is an area in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> on the disused Hollinwood<\/strong> Branch of the Ashton<\/strong> Canal.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1797, when Cutler Bridge<\/em> was built over the newly-completed canal.\u00a0 The name would seem to come from cutler<\/em>, either literally as being the site of a workshop where someone made or sold knives, or as an eponym from Cutler\u2019s Hill.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CUTTING ROOM SQUARE <\/strong>is a residential and commercial public space in Ancoats<\/strong> in the City of Manchester <\/strong>opened in 2018 as part of a local regeneration project with new and repurposed buildings.\u00a0 Its name consciously echoes the area\u2019s textile industry history and refers to the cutting rooms<\/em> where the completed cloth was cut to make garments.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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D<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DACRES <\/strong>is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, south-west of Greenfield<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is an eponym, taking its name from Dacre\u2019s, the vicarage of Bartholomew Dacre<\/em> (1785-1831), the vicar of St George\u2019s Church in Mossley<\/strong>, which was built in 1819.\u00a0 It was enlarged in 1858 as Dacre Hall, a house which still stands.\u00a0 In 1928 the owner built a small housing estate adjacent to Dacres Hall.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DAISYFIELD<\/strong> is a residential area on the south-west edge of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is probably literal \u2013 an area or field<\/em> where daisies<\/em> grew.\u00a0 The urban development of Daisyfield is not well documented before the 1840s, when the Hutchinson family built the Daisyfield textile mill and the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway built Daisyfield Viaduct over the Manchester Bolton and Bury Canal and the River Irwell<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DAISY HILL<\/strong> is a residential area of Westhoughton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The origins of the name are uncertain and undocumented.\u00a0 In 1824 it was referred to as Daisey Hillock<\/em> and it is assumed that the name was taken literally from a hill covered with daisies.\u00a0 The name was standardised with the opening of Daisy Hill station by the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway on 1 October 1888.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

DAISY NOOK<\/strong> is a village (also known as Waterhouses<\/strong>) and country park belonging to the National Trust in Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is taken from a book of \u2018Lancashire Sketches\u2019 by the Manchester<\/strong> weaver-turned-dialect writer, Ben Brierley (1825-96), originally written in 1867.\u00a0 In it he depicts an imaginary village called Daisy Nook where ‘Two Banks seemed to have opened to receive a group of neat whitewashed cottages and after filling them with happiness, surrounded them with a curtain of trees, to shelter them from the outside world\u2019.\u00a0 Brierley\u2019s description was based on the village of Waterhouses and the area has been known by this name ever since.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DAKIN\u2019S BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of Dean Brook<\/strong> and, ultimately, of the River Tonge<\/strong>, north of Barrow Bridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but it may well be an eponym, so that the meaning would literally be \u2018the stream named after a relative of David<\/em>\u2019.\u00a0 Dakin as a name is derived from a shortening of David <\/em>+ Old English cynn<\/em> (\u2018family, relative\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DALE <\/strong>is a village in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, although in the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1732 and means \u2018valley\u2019, from the Old English d<\/em>\u00e6l<\/em>, probably referring to the valley of Hull Brook,<\/strong> a tributary of the River Tame.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DALES BROW<\/strong> is a residential area in south Swinton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in the 18th<\/sup> century as a dairy farm with some cottages.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but presumably means \u2018hill (brow<\/em>) at the top of a valley (dale<\/em>), referring to the valley of Deans Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DANE BANK <\/strong>is a residential area of Denton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, west of the town centre, known as Dane Shot (or Shott or Shutt) Bank before the 20th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 According to local legend, it takes its name from a Danish chieftain who was shot by a Saxon archer and was then beheaded, but this is almost certainly folk etymology:\u00a0 the original name means \u2018narrow field overlooking a valley\u2019 is derived from Middle English denu<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019) + shote<\/em> (\u2018narrow strip of land\u2019) + banke<\/em> (\u2018bank, hillside\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The DANELAW<\/strong> was originally just that \u2013 the law<\/em> that was applied by the Danes<\/em> or, more widely, the Vikings in the parts of England that they controlled between the late 9th<\/sup> or early 10th<\/sup> century and the Norman conquest in 1066.\u00a0 In the 19th<\/sup> century, the term came to be applied to the areas where the Danelaw was applied.\u00a0 Whether what is now Greater Manchester<\/strong> was included in the Danelaw is a matter of some disagreement:\u00a0 some modern maps include all of Greater Manchester in the Danelaw but place-name evidence suggests that the Viking influence was limited to isolated settlements rather than widespread occupation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DANGEROUS CORNER <\/strong>is a residential area east of Hindley Green<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> where Westleigh <\/strong>Lane meets the Atherton<\/strong> Road (now the A577).\u00a0 The name is recorded on a map of 1855 and, according to a local legend and poem, derives from an incident in which a horse-drawn hearse tipped over at the dangerous corner<\/em>, spilling the corpse of a farmer\u2019s wife, who awoke and survived for several more years.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DARBISHIRE<\/strong> or DERBYSHIRE PARK<\/strong> is an 8.9-hectare park north-west of Bolton<\/strong> town centre.\u00a0\u00a0 The land was donated to the town in 1868 by Charles James Darbishire<\/em> (1797-1874), who had been mayor of Bolton in 1838-1839, and his brother, Samuel Dukinfield Darbishire<\/em> (c.1796-1870), a local solicitor.\u00a0 The park is popularly known as \u201cBobby Legs Park\u201d after a tall park keeper named Robert.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DARCY LEVER <\/strong>is part of the area named Lever<\/em> which consists of several settlements \u2013 Darcy Lever, Great Lever<\/strong>, Lever Edge<\/strong> and Little Lever<\/strong> \u2013 south of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name Lever is recorded in 1212 as Lefre<\/em>, from the Old English lefer<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018rush, reed\u2019), so that the entire area would mean \u2018where the rushes or reeds grow\u2019 on the banks of the Irwell<\/strong> and Croal<\/strong>.\u00a0 Darcy Lever is recorded from 1509 as Darcye Lever<\/em>, showing that it was now in the possession of the D\u2019Arcy<\/em> family.\u00a0 The family originated in Arcy<\/em> in Normandy in France.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DARLEY PARK, Bolton, <\/strong>is a 1.53-hectare public park in Farnworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong> beside the River Croal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is taken from Darley Hall<\/em>, a mansion built by Benjamin Rawson (1758?-1843), a sulphuric acid manufacturer, in about 1806.\u00a0 The estate was purchased by the local council in 1911 and the house was demolished in about 1914.\u00a0 The name means \u2018deer clearing\u2019, from Old English d<\/em>\u0113or<\/em> (\u2018deer\u2019) + l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018woodland clearing\u2019).\u00a0 The park <\/em>may suggest that this was previously an area where deer were kept or hunted.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DARLEY PARK, Firswood, <\/strong>is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> neighbouring Old Trafford<\/strong> and Whalley Range<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Darley Hall<\/em>, a Tudor-style mansion built in the mid-19th<\/sup> century for Wilson Crewsdon (1790-1871), a local cotton manufacturer.\u00a0 The local council later purchased the property and demolished the house.\u00a0 The name means \u2018deer clearing\u2019, from Old English d<\/em>\u0113or<\/em> (\u2018deer\u2019) + l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018woodland clearing\u2019).\u00a0 The park <\/em>may suggest that this was previously an area where deer were kept or hunted.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DARNHILL<\/strong> is a residential area of Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was a farming area centred around Darn Hill<\/em> farm, but in the early 1960s it became the site for the construction of large-scale municipal housing for families from Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented.\u00a0 The Darnhill <\/em>family website suggests that the name means \u2018a grower of darnel<\/em>\u2019, a type of ryegrass.\u00a0 Darnel is originally French but is found in English from the early 14th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DAUBHILL <\/strong>is a south-western suburb of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is referred to as Daub Hill<\/em> in 1815.\u00a0 It is derived from Middle English daube<\/em>, meaning clay used in mediaeval building, as in \u2018wattle and daub\u2019, which was obtained locally.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

DAVENPORT <\/strong>is a suburb of Stockport<\/strong> that takes its name from the Davenport<\/em> family, who had owned Bramall Hall<\/strong> since the 14th<\/sup> century and whose name came from their estate in Cheshire, which was recorded as Deneport<\/em> in the Domesday Book of 1086.\u00a0 The name is said to derive from the River Dane (thought to come from the Celtic dafn<\/em>\u00a0meaning \u2018a drop, trickle\u2019) + Old English\u00a0port<\/em>\u00a0meaning \u2018market town\u2019.\u00a0 Davenport in Stockport is much later:\u00a0 in the mid-19th<\/sup> century a member of the family, Colonel William Davenport<\/em>, persuaded the Stockport Disley & Whaley Bridge Railway to build a station to serve land owned by him and named after him.\u00a0 The station was opened on 1 March 1858, was closed in September 1859 and re-opened on 1 January 1862.\u00a0 The station led to the development of Davenport and the neighbouring area of Cale Green.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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DAVENPORT GREEN <\/strong>is a village north-east of Hale Barns<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 Davenport Green farm and Davenport Green Hall probably date from Mediaeval times and take their name from Jurdan de Davenport<\/em>, who was granted land in Hale<\/strong> by Hamon Massey of Dunham Massey<\/strong> in 1281.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DAVID LEWIS RECREATIONAL GROUND <\/strong>is an area of Peel Park<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The land was gifted to Salford in 1897 as a recreational area by merchant and philanthropist, David Lewis<\/em> (1823-1885).\u00a0 He made his money from the Lewis\u2019s chain of departmental stores, the first of which was opened in Liverpool in 1856 and the second in Manchester<\/strong> in 1877.\u00a0 On his death, he left money to promote health and welfare in Lancashire<\/strong> and the north-west.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DAVYHULME <\/strong>is a residential area of Urmston<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The original Davyhulme Hall<\/em> was built by John de Hulme in 1154 but it seems that it was only in 1434 that it was known as Defehulme<\/em>. There are several Hulmes<\/em> in Greater Manchester<\/strong>, all derived from the Old Norse holm<\/em>, meaning \u2018raised ground in a marshy place\u2019, and they needed to be distinguished, hence Cheadle Hulme, Levenshulme<\/strong>, etc).\u00a0 The origin of Davyhulme is uncertain and the usual suggestion is that it is Middle English deaf<\/em>, meaning \u2018deaf\u2019 or \u2018lonely\u2019, perhaps the nickname of one of its residents that gradually became associated with the personal name Davy<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DEAN BROOK\u00a0<\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tonge<\/strong> that rises on Smithills <\/strong>Moor in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It flows south, joining other streams to form the Tonge<\/strong> at Meeting of the Waters in western Bolton.\u00a0 The name Dean comes from the Old English denu<\/em>, meaning \u2018valley\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River DEAN <\/strong>rises at Longclough in Cheshire<\/strong> on the edge of the Peak District<\/strong> and joins the Bollin <\/strong>between Wilmslow and Styal.\u00a0 It then flows some 16 kilometres and meets the Mersey <\/strong>near Lymm.\u00a0 It is usually said that the name is shortened from \u2018Dean Water\u2019 and is derived from the Old English denu<\/em>, meaning \u2018a valley, especially a long valley\u2019 + w<\/em>\u00e6ter<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DEAN CHURCH BROOK<\/strong>, also known as KIRK BROOK<\/strong>, is a small tributary of the River Croal<\/strong> that rises in Deane<\/strong> in south-west Bolton <\/strong>and flows north in Middle Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 The addition of Church<\/em> distinguishes it from other brooks named Dean<\/em> (all derived from the Old English denu<\/em>, meaning \u2018valley\u2019) and is taken from the\u00a0Anglican Church <\/em>of St Mary the Virgin in Deane.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DEANE<\/strong> is a residential area in south-west Bolton<\/strong>, south of the River Croal <\/strong>beside Deane Clough. \u00a0Dean <\/em>and Deane<\/em> are common place names found across Britain, all meaning a place \u2018in a valley\u2019 from Old English denu<\/em>.\u00a0 Deane in Bolton is recorded in 1292 as Dene<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

DEAN HEAD BROOK<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises east of Bleak Hey Nook<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and joins Thorns Beck<\/strong>, which then flows into Diggle Brook<\/strong> and finally into the Tame.\u00a0 Dean Head is recorded in 1736 \u2013 probably a farm at the head<\/em> (h<\/em>\u0113afod<\/em>) of the valley (denu<\/em>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DEAN MILLS RESERVOIR <\/strong>was originally built in the late 18th<\/sup> century by John and Robert Lord to supply water power for their Dean Mills<\/em>.\u00a0 The reservoir is located on the south-western slopes of Winter Hill<\/strong> about 5 kilometres north of Bolton<\/strong> and the mills were located in what became Barrow Bridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The mills were converted to steam power in the 1830s and so the reservoir became redundant.\u00a0 The mills and reservoir took their name from the nearby Dean Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the River Tonge<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DEANS BROOK <\/strong>or DEAN\u2019S BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong> that rises in Dales Brow<\/strong> in south Swinton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It then flows south for about 3 kilometres into Folly Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the first Ordnance Survey maps of the early 1850s but probably means simply \u2018the brook in the valley (Old English denu<\/em>)\u2019.\u00a0 It would seem that the brook gives it name to Deans, a residential area to the south of Swinton.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DEANSGATE<\/strong> is the main shopping and commercial thoroughfare through the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1389 as Denes-gate<\/em> and is said to be Manchester\u2019s oldest street.\u00a0 The second element is Old Norse gata<\/em>, meaning \u2018a road or street\u2019, but the origin of the first element is uncertain.\u00a0 It has been suggested that it is a) named after the lost River Dene; b) the \u2018Danes\u2019 gate\u2019; and c) most likely, named for the dean of an early church in the area.<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

DEARNLEY <\/strong>is a residential area of the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, north-east of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1324 as Dernylegh<\/em>, meaning \u2018hidden or solitary clearing\u2019, from Old English derne<\/em> + l\u0113ah<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a wood, glade, clearing\u2019).\u00a0 It is unclear why the clearing was hidden or solitary.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

DEADWENCLOUGH \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> POLEFIELD<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DEBDALE PARK <\/strong>is an 18-hectare public park in Gorton<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but it is said that the area was originally known as Deepdale<\/em>, from the Old English d\u0113op <\/em>(\u2018deep\u2019) + d<\/em>\u00e6l<\/em> (\u2018dale, valley\u2019), and at some point it was reduced to Debdale<\/em>.\u00a0 The area was originally the estate of a local hatter but was purchased by the local water company in the 1820s for two reservoirs.\u00a0 It was developed as a recreational area and park after World War I.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DELAMERE PARK<\/strong> is a public recreational area in Higher Openshaw <\/strong>in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The park and the surrounding residential area were laid out at the end of the 19th<\/sup> century or beginning of the 20th<\/sup>.\u00a0 The name of the park and adjoining Delamere Street are probably derived from Delamere<\/em> (Old French meaning \u2018of the lake\u2019) Lodge, a country house in Cheshire<\/strong> built in 1784 for the Wilbraham<\/strong> family.\u00a0 In the late 19th<\/sup> century, the names of many streets in Manchester were associated with Wilbraham Egerton (1832-1909), who was, among other things, Chairman of the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> Company.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DELPH<\/strong> is a village in Saddleworth <\/strong>in West Yorkshire<\/strong> administered by the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1544 as Delf<\/em> and the modern spelling is not found until 1817.\u00a0 The name means \u2018the quarry\u2019 and comes from the Old English delf<\/em>, referring to the bakestone quarries north of the village.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

DELPH HILL<\/strong> and DELPH RESERVOIR \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>There are several places called Delph in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, all apparently originally associated with quarrying and derived from the Old English delf<\/em>, meaning \u2018a quarry\u2019, and delvan<\/em>, meaning \u2018to dig\u2019.\u00a0 Delph Hill is located on the southern slopes of Winter Hill <\/strong>on the outskirts of Bolton, west of Doffcocker <\/strong>and probably refers to 19th<\/sup>-century collieries or fireclay quarries in the area.\u00a0 Delph Reservoir lies in the Turton<\/strong> district north-west of Bolton and was completed in 1921 on the site of Delph Hill hamlet, which was purchased by Bolton Corporation in 1907.\u00a0 There were sandstone quarries in the area and the hamlet consisted mostly of miners\u2019 cottages.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DEMMINGS <\/strong>is an area of Cheadle<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> which today gives its name to an industrial estate, a school and at least two roads.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1789 as Damings<\/em> Print Works, which was spelled Demmings<\/em> by the mid-19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name is said to be a rendering of \u2018damming<\/em>\u2019 in reference to the damming of the Micker Brook<\/strong> to form a millpond for the local calico printing, bleach and dye works.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DENSHAW<\/strong> is a village in Saddleworth<\/strong> in West Yorkshire<\/strong> administered from the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> in Greater Manchester.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1635 as Denshaw<\/em>, meaning \u2018the valley copse\u2019, from Old English denu<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse, small wood\u2019), referring to the village\u2019s position close to the source of the River Tame.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

DENTON<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, 8 kilometres east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 It was formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1255 as Denton <\/em>and literally means \u2018valley village\u2019 from Old English denu<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019) + –t<\/em>\u016bn <\/em>(\u2018farmstead, village\u2019), describing its position in the valley of the River Tame<\/strong>. \u00a0It is sometimes said that Denton means \u2018Dane town\u2019, but there seems to be no evidence for this.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DENZELL GARDENS <\/strong>are a 4-hectare public park in Bowdon<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The gardens were originally the grounds of Denzell House, built by cotton magnate Robert Scott (1822-1904) in 1874 and apparently named by his Cornish wife, Maria, after Denzell <\/em>Manor in Cornwall.\u00a0 The name is derived from the Cornish den<\/em>, meaning \u2018castle, fort\u2019, + sel<\/em>, meaning \u2018hill\u2019.\u00a0 The house was sold in 1904 to Samuel Lamb (1847-1936), a shipping merchant and Liberal politician.\u00a0 On his death, the house and grounds were donated to Bowdon Urban District Council.\u00a0 The grounds were opened to the public in 1938, while the house was put to various uses and is currently used as offices.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DEPLEACH HALL <\/strong>is all that remains of a 17th<\/sup>-century tithe barn south of Cheadle<\/strong> town centre in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1366 as Depelache<\/em>, meaning \u2018deep boggy steam\u2019, from the Old English d<\/em>\u0113op<\/em> (\u2018deep\u2019) + laecc<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018stream, bog\u2019), in reference to the nearby Micker Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DE QUINCEY PARK <\/strong>is a small public park south of Sinderland Brook<\/strong> in Timperley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in 1936 by the Mayor of Altrincham<\/strong>, Alfred de Quincey<\/em>, and named after him rather than his famous ancestor, Thomas de Quincey (1785-1859), who was brought up in industrial Manchester and chronicled childhood visits to Altrincham in his Confessions of an Opium Eater<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DERKER<\/strong> is a residential area in the north of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1604 and its origin is unknown.\u00a0 At that time, it was spelled Dirtcar<\/em>, but this is not thought to be related to a small rail wagon for carrying soil or other material, a word that originated in the USA in 1870.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The DEVISDALE<\/strong> is an area of Bowdon<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> with residential development around a public park.\u00a0 The area was originally common land known as Bowdon Downs, but the current name originated from the early 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It is thought to be a corruption of the family name Davis<\/em> + Old English dole<\/em> (\u2018common land shared out among local people\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DERBYSHIRE<\/strong> is a county to the east of Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in the 11th<\/sup> century and is derived from the city of Derby<\/em> (\u2018village where deer are found\u2019) + sc<\/em>\u012br <\/em>(\u2018district\u2019).\u00a0 In 1974 a few places \u2013 Marple Bridge<\/strong>, Strines<\/strong> and Swineshaw<\/strong> \u2013 were transferred from Derbyshire to Greater Manchester.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DERKER<\/strong> is a residential area in the north of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1604 and its origin is unknown.\u00a0 At that time, it was spelled Dirtcar<\/em>, but this is not thought to be related to a small rail wagon for carrying soil or other material, a word that originated in the USA in 1870.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

DICK HILL <\/strong>is a 308-metre hill north of Rough Bank<\/strong> and Higher Ogden<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and the Peak District <\/strong>National Park.\u00a0 The name appears on the first ordnance Survey maps of the area in the 1840s but the origin in unknown.\u00a0 It might come from the Old English d<\/em>\u012bc<\/em>, meaning \u2018embankment\u2019, but it is more likely that it is a forename eponym, named after an unidentified farmer or landowner named Richard<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u201cDICKY BIRD\u201d ESTATE <\/strong>is a residential area in Fern Grove<\/strong> east of Bury<\/strong> that was built in the 1930s.\u00a0 It was given the name because many of the roads have bird names \u2013 Linnet Drive, Chaffinch Drive, etc.\u00a0 \u2018Dicky bird\u2019 has been a colloquial or children\u2019s term for a bird since 1744 and was popularised by the nursery rhyme \u2018Two little dicky birds sat on a wall, One named Peter, one named Paul\u2019.\u00a0 This was originally \u2018There were two blackbirds sat on a hill, One named Peter, one named Gill\u2019, but the wording was changed early in the 19th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DIDSBURY <\/strong>is a suburb of the City of Manchester<\/strong> lying on the north bank of the River Mersey<\/strong> approximately 8 kilometres south of the city centre.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1246 as Dedesbiry<\/em>, meaning \u2018Dyddi\u2019s stronghold\u2019, probably referring to an Anglo-Saxon leader who had a burh<\/em> (\u2018fortified place\u2019) overlooking a ford across the Mersey.\u00a0 Didsbury gives its name to Didsbury, Alberta, Canada.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DIGGLE<\/strong> is a village in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, although in the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the late 12th<\/sup> century as Diggel<\/em> and there are two theories about the derivation.\u00a0 One is that it is from the Old English degle<\/em>, meaning \u2018valley\u2019.\u00a0 The other is that it means \u2018ditch hill\u2019 from Old English d<\/em>\u012bc<\/em> + hyll<\/em>.\u00a0 Diggle lends its name to Diggle Reservoir, which was built in about 1795-1800 to supply water for the Huddersfield Narrow Canal.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DIMPLE<\/strong> is a village in the Ribble valley north of Egerton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is thought to come from Old English dumpel<\/em> or dympel<\/em>, meaning \u2018a pit or a hollow\u2019 and therefore \u2018a pool\u2019.\u00a0 The Old English word gives us modern \u2018dimple\u2019 and \u2018dump\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DIVISION BRIDGE <\/strong>See<\/em> ROYAL GEORGE AQUEDUCT<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DIXON FOLD <\/strong>is a residential area in Clifton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1841, when the Manchester & Bolton Railway opened its Dixon Fold station.\u00a0 The name would seem to be an eponym:\u00a0 Dixon<\/em> may refer to a farming family who were involved in the textile industry in the 18th<\/sup> century; Fold <\/em>is taken from Old English fald<\/em>, \u2018an enclosure for animals or a small group of cottages\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DOBB BROW <\/strong>is a village west of Westhoughton<\/strong> beside Pennington Brook<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is named after John Dobb<\/em>, who obtained the lease for the area in 1777 and let out plots for cottages, many to handloom weavers. \u00a0Brow<\/em> is from Old English bru<\/em> meaning \u2018a steep hill or bank that leads up from a river\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DOBCROSS<\/strong> is one of the villages of Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> that was in the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1662.\u00a0 \u00a0One suggestion is that it is an eponym and that Dob<\/em> is the name of an unknown person.\u00a0 Another is that it means \u2018the place where horses cross\u2019 from dob<\/em>, a now obsolete word meaning \u2018a muddy or stagnant pool, a deep pool in a river\u2019.\u00a0 This might refer to an ancient crossing point over the local River Tame<\/strong> on a packhorse route across the Pennines<\/strong> between Lancashire<\/strong> and Yorkshire<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DOCTOR LANE HEAD<\/strong> is a hamlet at the head <\/em>(i.e. the top) of Doctor Lane north-west of Uppermill<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Doctor Lane takes its name from Dr<\/em> George Byrom (1589-1656), a member of the Byrom family of Salford<\/strong> after whom several streets in Salford and Manchester<\/strong> are named.\u00a0 Byrom was a doctor of divinity and the rector of Thornton-le-Moors in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 He purchased land in the area in 1639 and later moved there after falling foul of the puritan authorities because of his support for the royalists during the civil war.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DODGE HILL <\/strong>is an area west of Lancashire Hill <\/strong>in Stockport<\/strong> named after the Dodge <\/em>family, 17 of whom were mayors of the town between 1433 and 1812.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 15th<\/sup> century, when William Doggerson held land in Stockport.\u00a0 Two Dodge brothers emigrated to America in 1629 and it is often said that Dodge City in Kansas and the Dodge Motor Cars company were founded by their descendants or relatives, but there is little hard evidence that either of these claims is true.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DOFFCOCKER<\/strong> is a residential and recreational area in north-west Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1874, when Doffcocker Lodge was built as a reservoir for local mills.\u00a0 There are two theories about the origin of the name.\u00a0 One is that it means \u2018dark winding stream\u2019, from the Celtic dubh<\/em> (\u2018dark, black\u2019) + cocr<\/em> (\u2018winding stream\u2019).\u00a0 More fancifully, it may recall a Scotsman who had to doff<\/em> (\u2018remove\u2019) his cockers<\/em> (Scottish and Lancashire<\/strong> word for \u2018stockings\u2019 or \u2018boots\u2019) in order to cross the stream that flowed into Doffcocker Lodge.\u00a0 Doffcocker Lodge was created as a nature reserve in 1992.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

DOG KENNEL BROOK \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> MAINE ROAD<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DOG POOL BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong> that rises south-east of Hindley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and flows south-west to join Borsdane Brook<\/strong>, which ultimately empties into Glaze Brook.\u00a0 The name does not appear on maps until the Ordnance Survey of the 1890s and the origin is uncertain \u2013 perhaps it rises in a pool that was known locally as Dog Pool<\/em> and this name was applied to the stream.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DOLEFIELD<\/strong> today is a street in the Spinningfields<\/strong> area of the City of Manchester<\/strong> close to the River Irwell<\/strong>, but in the past it was an area in itself and was originally proposed as the terminus of the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The place is not well documented before 1777 and means \u2018a field in an area of common land\u2019, from the Old English dole<\/em> (\u2018common land shared out among local people\u2019) + feld<\/em> (\u2018open space, field\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River DOUGLAS<\/strong> rises on Winter Hill<\/strong>, joins the River Yarrow<\/strong> and meanders to meet the River Ribble.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1220 as the Douglis<\/em> and takes its name from the Celtic Dubo-glais<\/em>, meaning \u2018black or dark stream\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DOUGLAS GREEN<\/strong> is a former industrial area of Pendleton<\/strong> where William Douglas<\/em> (1745-1810) established one of the first, if not the first, and largest cotton mill in Salford<\/strong> in 1781-1782.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DOVE BANK <\/strong>is a residential area north-west of Little Lever<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>, beside Blackshaw Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the River Croal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears on the Bury tithe map of about 1845 as a field or property name.\u00a0 It is likely that the name means \u2018the slope or hill (Middle English banke<\/em>) where doves (Old English d<\/em>\u016bfe<\/em>) are found or kept\u2019, and local records confirm that dovecotes were used in the area in the 16th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DOVER <\/strong>is a hamlet south of Abram<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the completion of the Leigh<\/strong> branch of the Leeds & Liverpool Canal, which was completed in December 1820, when a flight of four locks was built at Dover.\u00a0 The name is thought to be unrelated to Dover in Kent and to be derived from the Celtic dubr<\/em>, meaning \u2018water\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DOVE STONE <\/strong>or DOVESTONE RESERVOIR <\/strong>lies above the village of Greenfield<\/strong> and west of Dove Stone Moss on Saddleworth<\/strong> Moor in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The reservoir was completed in 1968 but takes its name from a local landmark, Dove Stone<\/em>, which is recorded in 1771.\u00a0 The stone acquired its name from its shape, which was originally similar to a dove, but years of erosion have flattened the top and it is now sometimes referred to as \u201cDuck Stone\u201d.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DOWRY WATER <\/strong>and DOWRY RESERVOIR\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>Dowry Water or Dowry Brook is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong>, which originates from the waters emerging from Dowry and New Year\u2019s Bridge<\/strong> reservoirs east of Denshaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Dowry reservoir was built in 1876-83 but it is evident that the name of Dowry<\/em> is much older.\u00a0 Its origin and meaning are unclear and undocumented \u2013 Dowry Green is recorded in 1724 and Dowry Castle was built in 1867.\u00a0 It is usually said that the name refers of a piece of endowed<\/em> land, although this meaning is not given in the Oxford English Dictionary<\/em>, rather than the marriage dowry of anyone in particular.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DRINKWATER PARK<\/strong> is a 62-hectare park on the River Irwell<\/strong> in Prestwich<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally a country estate dating back to 1389 and was purchased in 1788 by Peter Drinkwater <\/em>(1742-1801), a cotton manufacturer and textile merchant of Northwich.\u00a0 The estate became known as Drinkwater Park and was sold to Salford<\/strong> and Prestwich councils in 1902 for a smallpox isolation hospital.\u00a0 The hospital was closed in 1943 and the land was eventually converted into a public park, which is now administered by the Forestry Commission.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DROYLSDEN<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> on the River Tame<\/strong>, about 6.5 kilometres east of Manchester <\/strong>city centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in about 1250 as Drilisden<\/em> and the modern spelling is found from 1619-1620.\u00a0 It may mean \u2018valley of the dry stream or stream\u2019, from Old English dr\u04efge<\/em> (\u2018dry, dried up\u2019) + welles<\/em> (\u2018stream, well\u2019) + –denu <\/em>(\u2018valley\u2019) but it has also been suggested that it could mean \u2018Drygel\u2019s<\/em> valley\u2019 from an Anglo-Saxon personal name.\u00a0 Old English dr\u04efgel<\/em> means \u2018a small person of dried-up appearance\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DRY BROOK <\/strong>and DRY CLOUGH<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0Dry Brook is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises on Broadstone<\/strong> Moss in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows north through Dry Clough to meet South Brook<\/strong>, which then flows north -west into Diggle <\/strong>Brook, which joins the Tame near Diggle.\u00a0 The names are not well documented but are probably literal \u2013 \u2018dry stream\u2019 and \u2018dry valley\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DUCIE BRIDGE\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>There are two bridges in central Manchester<\/strong> called Ducie Bridge:\u00a0 Ducie road bridge over the River Irk <\/strong>built in 1814-16 and a railway bridge over Great Ducie Street built by the Liverpool & Manchester Railway in 1842 as it extended its line to Victoria Station<\/strong>.\u00a0 Both are named after the Ducie<\/em> family of landowners who inherited Strangeways<\/strong> Hall in the early 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Apart from owning land, the family seem to have had little to do with Manchester, although the 3rd<\/sup> Baron Ducie (1739-1808) was an MP for Lancaster in 1784-1785.\u00a0 The family name originated in the 13th<\/sup> century as an Anglicised version of the Gaelic O\u2019Dubhghusa, a personal name meaning \u2018black vigour\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DUKINFIELD<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, although included in Cheshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 It lies on the south bank of the River Tame<\/strong>, east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name was recorded in the 12th<\/sup> century as Dokenfeld<\/em>, meaning \u2019field of ducks\u2019, from Old English d<\/em>\u016bcena<\/em> (\u2018of ducks\u2019) + feld<\/em> (\u2018open space, field\u2019).\u00a0 Presumably the ducks were on the River Tame but they could also refer to domesticated ducks.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DUMPLINGTON <\/strong>is a locality in Urmston <\/strong>in the City of Salford<\/strong>, about 9 kilometres south-west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1229 as Dumplinton<\/em> and its modern spelling is found from 1623.\u00a0 The meaning is usually given as \u2018the village or enclosure by a pool\u2019, from the Old English dympel-<\/em> (\u2018a dip, pool\u2019) + -ing-<\/em> (\u2018associated with\u2019) + –t<\/em>\u016bn <\/em>(\u2018enclosure, village\u2019).\u00a0 An alternative is that it means \u2018the village or enclosure of the followers of Dumola<\/em>\u2019, from the personal name + -inga<\/em>– (\u2018followers of, named after\u2019) + –t<\/em>\u016bn.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DUNHAM MASSEY<\/strong> is a 17th-century stately home and 120-hectare estate with deer and other wildlife such as herons.\u00a0 It is located on the River Bollin<\/strong> south-west of Altrincham<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The nearby village of Dunham<\/em> is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Doneham<\/em> and means \u2018homestead on a hill\u2019 from the Old English d<\/em>\u016bn-,<\/em> \u2018hill\u2019 + –h<\/em>\u0101m<\/em>, \u2018village, homestead\u2019, probably referring to what is now the village of Dunham Town.\u00a0 Massey<\/em> was added as the name of the Anglo-Norman de Masci barons and is first recorded in 1362.\u00a0 The Massey line died out in the 14th<\/sup> century but the house remained in private ownership until 1976, when it was left to the National Trust.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DUNHAM NEW PARK <\/strong>is a 14.6-hectare park owned by the National Trust as part of the Dunham Massey<\/strong> estate south-west of Altrincham<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The original park was part of the Dunham estate mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) but in 1765 the Earl and Countess of Stamford created the New Park.\u00a0 It was used as an American army camp and, later, a prisoner-of-war camp during World War II and was left to the National Trust in 1976.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DUNHAM TOWN\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> DUNHAM MASSEY<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DUNHAM WOODHOUSES <\/strong>is a village north of the Dunham Massey<\/strong> estate in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford <\/strong>and it is likely that it was originally a settlement of estate workers\u2019 cottages.\u00a0 Dunham <\/em>means \u2018homestead on a hill\u2019 from the Old English d<\/em>\u016bn-,<\/em> \u2018hill\u2019 + –h<\/em>\u0101m<\/em>, \u2018village, homestead\u2019.\u00a0 Woodhouses<\/em> is recorded as Wodehouse<\/em> in 1522 and means \u2018houses in a wood\u2019 from Old English wudu<\/em> + h<\/em>\u016bs<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DUNISHBOOTH BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Spodden<\/strong> that rises north of Catley Lane Head<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1180 and means \u2018the small or temporary hut (Old Norse b<\/em>\u014dth<\/em>\/Middle English bothe<\/em>) belonging to (Old English -ing<\/em>) Dunning<\/em> (Anglo-Saxon personal name)\u2019.\u00a0 Today there are still farms at Higher and Lower Dunishbooth.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DUNSCAR <\/strong>is an area close to Egerton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, that was formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is also the site of Dunscar Wood.\u00a0 The name was first recorded in the 12th<\/sup> century as Dungecarre <\/em>and means \u2018dung marsh\u2019 from the Old English dynge<\/em> (\u2018dung\u2019) + carr<\/em> (\u2018swamp\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DUNWOOD PARK <\/strong>is a 12-hectare public park in Crompton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The land was donated to Crompton council by Captain Abram Crompton, a local landowner, in 1911 and the park was opened in 1912.\u00a0 At the time the land was described as \u2018a high hill, wooded in parts\u2019, which fits its Old English derivation \u2013 d<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019) + wudu<\/em> (\u2018wood, forest\u2019).\u00a0 In 1926 a fountain was erected in the park \u2018as a mark of appreciation of the self-sacrifice and devotion of women of Crompton during the Great War\u2019.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DURN <\/strong>is a village north east of Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> located beside a road leading up to Blackstone Edge<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the late 18th century, when Durn Lock and Durn Bridge on the Rochdale Canal were built.\u00a0 It is probably derived from Old English derne<\/em> or dierne<\/em>, meaning \u2018hidden\u2019 because it was covered with vegetation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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E<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EAGLEY<\/strong> is a village in Turton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded only as Eagley Bridge<\/em> until the early 19th<\/sup> century, but the stream was harnessed to power cotton mills from 1796.\u00a0 The owners built a model village named simply Eagley for the workers.\u00a0 The mills were closed in the 1970s but have been converted into a residential complex.\u00a0 The name may derive from the Old English \u0101c<\/em>, meaning \u2018oak\u2019 + l\u0113ah<\/em>, \u2018woodland clearing\u2019.\u00a0 Given its position on Eagley Brook, a tributary of the River Tonge<\/strong>, it is perhaps more likely that it comes from Old English \u0113a<\/em>, meaning \u2018river\u2019, + l\u0113ah<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EALEES<\/strong> is a rural area south-east of Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 Ealees Hall is recorded in 1561 and the name means \u2018clearings beside a brook or river\u2019, from the Old English \u0113a<\/em> (\u2018river\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (woodland clearing\u2019).\u00a0 The reference is to Hollingworth <\/strong>Brook, which flows down the Ealees Valley, merges with Ealees Brook and flows into the River Roch<\/strong> at Littleborough.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EASTLANDS<\/strong> is a regenerated area 1.5 kilometres east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre that was formerly known as Bradford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The Eastlands name seems to have been first used in the early 1990s when, following the closure of Bradford colliery in 1969, the area was transformed for the hosting of the 2002 Commonwealth Games.\u00a0 The centrepiece was the stadium that is now known as the Etihad Stadium.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EASTWOOD NATURE RESERVE <\/strong>is a 4.7-hectare woodland area in Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside <\/strong>administered by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds.\u00a0 It takes its name from Eastwood<\/em> House, the home of John Cheetham (1835-1916), a local cotton manufacturer.\u00a0 He bequeathed Eastwood and neighbouring Cheetham Park<\/strong> to the people of Stalybridge.\u00a0 Eastwood Nature Reserve was opened to the public in 1931.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EATOCK LODGE <\/strong>is a 1.21–<\/strong>hectare nature reserve in Westhoughton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was designated as a local nature reserve in 2004 and occupies part of the site of Eatock<\/em> Colliery, which opened in 1890 but was shut down in 1936.\u00a0 The colliery was built on and took its name from Eatock Farm, which is recorded in 1739 as probably belonging in John Eatock.\u00a0 The origin of the family name Eatock<\/em> is uncertain but it has been suggested that it may be Old English \u0113ast<\/em> (\u2018east\u2019) + stoc<\/em> (\u2018outlying settlement or farmstead\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ECCLES<\/strong> is a town in the City of Salford<\/strong>, approximately 6.5 kilometres west of the centre of Manchester<\/strong>, previously in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in about 1200 as Eccles<\/em> and is thought to be derived from the ancient British word ecl\u0113s<\/em> or egl\u0113s<\/em>, meaning \u2018a church\u2019, which may be related to the Latin ecclesia<\/em> and the Greek ekklesia<\/em>.\u00a0 Both mean \u2018gathering\u2019 and hence came to be related to ecclesiastical gatherings.\u00a0 However, there is no record of a church in the area before the 13th<\/sup> century, and it has been suggested that the Anglo-Saxons, who invaded the area in the early 7th<\/sup> century, understood the concept of the church and perpetuated the name, despite not being Christians.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ECKERSLEY MILL <\/strong>is a retail centre in Wigan<\/strong> that is being developed as part of the Wigan Pier<\/strong> conservation area.\u00a0 It takes its name from Eckersley Mills<\/em>, a complex of cotton mills built between 1883 and 1920 for Nathaniel ffarington Eckersley<\/em> and Co..\u00a0 Many of the buildings were demolished in the 1960s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The EDGE<\/strong> is a suburban area of Hollinwood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but would seem to refer to its position on the edge <\/em>(i.e. the border) between Chadderton<\/strong> and Oldham.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1713, when land ownership disputes were settled and this area of moorland was awarded to Oldham.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EDGELEY <\/strong>is a district in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1287 as Edisheleg <\/em>and is derived from the Old English edisc<\/em>, meaning \u2018enclosure\u2019 and + l\u0113ah, <\/em>\u2018wood clearing\u2019.\u00a0 Edgeley Park Stadium was built in 1891 for Stockport Rugby Club but since 1903 it has been the home of Stockport County Football Club.\u00a0 Edgeley<\/em> gives its name to Edgeley, North Dakota, USA.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EGERTON<\/strong> is a commuter village about 5 kilometres north of Bolton<\/strong> town centre in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton.\u00a0 It was originally known as Walmsley after the family that owned the land.\u00a0 In 1663 the step-daughter of James Walmsley married Ralph Egerton<\/em> and the area was then given his family name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ELIZABETH GASKELL HOUSE <\/strong>is a museum on Plymouth Grove in the Chorlton-on-Medlock <\/strong>area of the City of Manchester <\/strong>dedicated to the life and work of the Victorian novelist, Elizabeth Gaskell<\/em> (1810-1865).\u00a0 The house was built in 1835-1841 and Elizabeth Gaskell lived there from 1850 to 1865.\u00a0 It was auctioned off in 1913 on the death of Elizabth Gaskell\u2019s daughter, Margaret Emily \u201cMeta\u201d Gaskell.\u00a0 It was purchased by the University of Manchester in 1969 and used for the university\u2019s International Society until 2000, when it was acquired by the Manchester Historic Buildings Trust as a museum to commemorate Elizabeth Gaskell.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ELK MILL <\/strong>today is a shopping centre in Royton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built on the site of Elk Mill, the last cotton mill built in Lancashire or what is now Greater Manchester<\/strong>, which was completed in 1926.\u00a0\u00a0 It was built by the Shiloh Spinning Company, which was formed in 1874 and took its name from Shiloh in Tennessee in the USA, from where the first shipment of raw cotton to Lancashire had come in the late 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The company named their Royton mill after the Elk <\/em>River in Tennessee.\u00a0 Elk Mill was closed in 1998 and demolished.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ELLENBROOK<\/strong> is a suburb of Worsley<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>, about 11 kilometres west of Manchester <\/strong>city centre.\u00a0 Ellenbrook is first recorded in 1544 as Elynbroke<\/em> and is named after the nearby Ellen Brook, <\/em>a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong>. \u00a0Broke<\/em> clearly means \u2018brook, stream\u2019 but sources often state that the first element is unknown.\u00a0 However, it has been suggested that it is the Old English ellern<\/em> (\u2018elder tree\u2019) or elri<\/em> (\u2018alder tree\u2019), describing the vegetation along the banks.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ELLESMERE PARK <\/strong>is a residential area of Eccles<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It dates from the late 19th<\/sup> and early 20th centuries, when fields were laid out for spacious housing.\u00a0 The name is taken from the owner of the land, Francis Charles Egerton<\/strong>, 3rd<\/sup> Earl of Ellesmere <\/em>(1847\u20131914).\u00a0 The family took their title from Ellesmere<\/em> in Shropshire, an eponym that dates from 1172 and means \u2018Elli\u2019s lake\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ELLENOR BROOK <\/strong>is a short tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong> that flows south through Astley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It then becomes Town<\/strong> Brook and ultimately joins the River Glaze<\/strong> near Lately Common in Warrington.\u00a0 It would seem to take its name from a field, farm or local landowner named Ellenor<\/em> and there are references to Eleano<\/em>r, Elennor <\/em>and Elanor<\/em> in the area in the 17th<\/sup>-19th<\/sup> centuries. There are records of an Eleanor<\/em> Tyldesley (n\u00e9e Holcroft), whose family were landowners in the area in the 17th century, but there is no evidence that the brook was named after her.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ELTON<\/strong> is a suburb of Bury<\/strong> that lies on the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1246 as Elleton<\/em> and is said to mean \u2018Ella<\/em>\u2019s village or farmstead\u2019, from an Anglo-Saxon personal name + -t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>. \u00a0The settlement gives its name to Elton Brook, a tributary of the Irwell, and to Lowercroft Reservoir, which was built in the mid-19th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ENGINE FOLD <\/strong>is a residential area of Walkden<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is derived from fold<\/em> – originally a small homestead established near a coal mine – + engine<\/em>, as the site was originally an industrial works depot set up in 1878 to provide maintenance services for the engines and equipment of the collieries and railways of the Bridgewater<\/strong> Trustees.\u00a0 The facility was closed in 1986 and the area converted into a residential estate.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ERNOCROFT<\/strong> is a rural area of Compstall<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, and Ernocroft Wood forms part of Etherow Country Park<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1226 as Arnwicroft<\/em> and with its modern spelling in 1767.\u00a0 This is said to be an eponym derived from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Earnw\u012bg <\/em>+ croft<\/em> (\u2018small enclosed field\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ETCHELLS <\/strong>is a historical area of north-east Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1154 as Hecheles<\/em> and with its modern spelling from 1302.\u00a0 It is derived from the Old English \u0113cels<\/em>, meaning \u2018addition\u2019, in the sense that this was land added to another place. From 1860 it was divided between Stockport <\/strong>Etchells and Northen<\/strong> (or Northern) Etchells, meaning land attached to Northenden<\/strong>.\u00a0 In 1931, Northen Etchells, including Brownsley Green<\/strong>, Crossacres<\/strong>, Heyhead<\/strong>, Moss Nook<\/strong>, Poundswick<\/strong>, Royal Thorn<\/strong> and Sharston<\/strong>, became part of Wythenshawe <\/strong>and transferred from Cheshire to Manchester<\/strong>. \u00a0\u00a0Stockport Etchells became what are now Gatley <\/strong>and Heald Green<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River ETHEROW <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Goyt<\/strong> that rises on Pikenaze Moor in the Derbyshire Peak District<\/strong> and flows through Longdendale<\/strong> to meet the Goyt north of Marple<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1226 as Ederhou<\/em>, the name of a hill, meaning \u2018stream hill-spur\u2019, from \u0113dre<\/em> (\u2018stream\u2019) + h<\/em>\u014dh<\/em> (\u2018hill-spur, slightly higher piece of ground\u2019). \u00a0Etherow <\/em>is found with its modern spelling from 1767.\u00a0 The river gives its name to the 80-hectare Etherow Country Park in the Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, which was opened in 1968 as one of England\u2019s first country parks.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ETHROP GREEN <\/strong>was a farm and hamlet in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford <\/strong>close to Manchester International Airport.\u00a0 <\/strong>It is recorded in 1535 as Athrop<\/em>, from Old English throp<\/em> or Old Norse thorp<\/em>, both meaning \u2018outlying farm\u2019.\u00a0 However, the name was given as Aplethropp<\/em> in 1558, suggesting it could mean \u2018apple farm\u2019, from Old English \u00e6ppel<\/em>.\u00a0 The farm was demolished when the airport was extended in 1989.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ETIHAD STADIUM <\/strong>was built as the City of Manchester<\/strong> Stadium for the 2002 Commonwealth Games in the area now known as Eastlands <\/strong>(formerly Bradford<\/strong>).\u00a0 In 2003, Manchester City Football Club moved to the stadium from their Maine Road<\/strong> ground and in 2011 a sponsorship agreement with Etihad <\/em>(Arabic for \u2018union, unity\u2019) Airways led to a change of name for the stadium.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EXCHANGE <\/strong>was the Manchester<\/strong> trading centre for the exchange <\/em>of cotton and other commodities.\u00a0 The first was built in 1727 and rebuilt in 1806-1809.\u00a0 This was enlarged in 1847-1849 and its name was changed to the Royal Exchange<\/em> after a visit by Queen Victoria<\/strong> in 1851.\u00a0 The third Exchange was completed in 1874.\u00a0 It was vast and lavishly decorated but was finally closed in 1968 with the decline of Manchester\u2019s cotton industry and was converted into the Royal Exchange Theatre.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EXCHANGE STATION <\/strong>was opened by the London & North Western Railway on 30 June 1884 and was closed by British Railways on 5 May 1969.\u00a0 It took its name from the nearby Manchester Cotton Exchange<\/em>. \u00a0It is now a covered car park named Deansgate<\/strong> North.<\/p>\n

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EYE PLATT BRIDGE <\/strong>and EYE PLATT NEW BRIDGE <\/strong>are road bridges south of Stretford<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford <\/strong>carrying the Chester Road over Kickety Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the River Mersey.<\/strong>\u00a0 Eye Platt Bridge was built in 1577 and replaced an earlier wooden bridge.\u00a0 Eye Platt New Bridge was built in 1932.\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The name means \u2018plot (Old English plat<\/em>) of land in a dry patch of marshy ground (eye<\/em>)\u2019. \u00a0Eye<\/em> is a dialect form of Old English \u0113g<\/em>, meaning \u2018island or piece of dry woodland\u2019.\u00a0 The usual dialect form in the Greater Manchester area is ees<\/em>, but eye<\/em> is also found further west in the Mersey valley near Warrington.<\/p>\n

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F<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FAILSWORTH<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>approximately 6.5 kilometres north-east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1212 as Fayleswrthe<\/em> as is thought to possibly mean \u2018fenced enclosure\u2019 from Old English fegels<\/em>\u00a0(possibly \u2018a hurdle, a fence\u2019) + –worth<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019), or, alternatively, to be an eponym from an Anglo-Saxon personal name Fegel<\/em> or F<\/em>\u00e6gel<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FAIRBOTTOM <\/strong>is or was a hamlet in Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, close to the border with Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Fairbottom Farm is thought to date from the late 17th<\/sup> century and Fairbottom Colliery was probably opened in the early 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The colliery was drained by an early Newcomen steam engine, which is believed to have been installed in about 1765 but which may have been obtained second-hand from Norbury <\/strong>colliery.\u00a0 The colliery lent its name to the Fairbottom Branch Canal, a short branch of the Hollinwood<\/strong> Branch Canal, opened in 1797 to transport coal.\u00a0 The canal was closed in 1932 but parts can still be seen in Daisy Nook<\/strong> Country Park.\u00a0 The steam engine was purchased by Henry Ford and taken to his museum in Dearborn in Michigan in 1929.\u00a0 The meaning of Fairbottom seems quite literal:\u00a0 it overlooks the \u2018fair<\/em> or beautiful valley bottom<\/em>\u2019 of the River Medlock<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FAIRFIELD<\/strong> is a suburb of Droylsden<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> that was part of Lancashire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 Although there are other places in Britain with this name, Fairfield<\/em> in Tameside dates only from October 1783, when Moravian refugees established a church and 22-hectare settlement with the aspirational name of Fairfield<\/em>.\u00a0 The area originally overlooked a field<\/em>, which may have been literally fair<\/em> because of a crop of wheat, lilies or cloth that was being bleached.\u00a0 However, the origin may be Biblical:\u00a0 \u2018the kingdom of heaven is like unto treasure hid in a field; the which when a man hath found, he hideth, and for joy thereof goeth and selleth all that he hath, and buyeth that field\u2019 <\/em>(Matthew 13:44).\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>Similarly, a Moravian member, John Lees from Clarksfield<\/strong>, sold two of his coal mines in Oldham<\/strong> for \u00a36000 to pay for the building of the village.\u00a0 The parable may have inspired the choice of name in religious settlements elsewhere, such as Fairfield<\/em> in Connecticut, which was established by Puritan colonists in 1639.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FAIRYWELL BROOK<\/strong> is a 6-kilometre stream that rises north of Manchester International Airport<\/strong> and flows north-west to meet Baguley<\/strong> Brook in Timperley<\/strong> to form Sinderland<\/strong> Brook, a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0 Traditionally, it formed part of the boundary between Cheshire <\/strong>and the City of Manchester<\/strong> and today it marks part of the boundary between the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> and the City of Manchester.\u00a0 The name appears on the 1842 Ordnance Survey map and its meaning is thought to be quite literal \u2013 \u2018the stream where fairies are found\u2019.\u00a0 There are a number of places across England with \u2018fairy\u2019 as the first element but most are considered to reflect a wish to be romantic rather than any supernatural belief.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FALINGE<\/strong> is a location in Rochdale<\/strong> on the River Spodden<\/strong> that also gives its name to Falinge Park.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1323 as Falynge<\/em>, meaning \u2018fallow land\u2019, from the Old English f<\/em>\u00e6lging<\/em>, meaning \u2018fallow land\u2019 or \u2018newly-ploughed land\u2019.\u00a0 Falinge Park was opened in 1906.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FALLOWFIELD<\/strong> is a suburb of Manchester<\/strong> some 5 kilometres south of the city centre.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1317 as Fallafeld<\/em> and is said to mean either literally \u2018fallow field\u2019 from the Old English faelh<\/em> (\u2018fallow or newly-ploughed land that has not been planted\u2019) or \u2018fallow-coloured field\u2019 from fealu <\/em>(\u2018pale brown, yellowish\u2019) + –feld.<\/em><\/p>\n

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FARNWORTH<\/strong> is a town on the River Irwell <\/strong>and River Croal<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, 3.2 kilometres south-east of Bolton itself and 13 kilometres north-west of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1185 as Farnewurd<\/em> but the modern spelling is found from 1278.\u00a0 The name means \u2018fern enclosure\u2019 from Old English fearn<\/em> (\u2018fern\u2019) + worth<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018enclosure\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FAR WAIN STONES\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>WAIN STONES<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FEATHERBED MOSS<\/strong> is an upland area of the Peak District <\/strong>National Park in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded on the Ordnance Survey map of 1843 and it is usually said that it refers to the softness of the swampy (Old English mos<\/em>, \u2018swamp, bog\u2019) ground and white colour of the vegetation, which recalled those of a feather bed<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FEATHERSTALL <\/strong>is a locality in Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> that takes its name from Featherstall Brook<\/em>, a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented and there is little agreement as to its origin or meaning.\u00a0 One suggestion is that it could mean \u2018place of feathers\u2019 from Old English fether<\/em>, another that it is an Old Norse personal name, and another that it could be Old English fodor<\/em> (\u2018fodder, cattle feed\u2019) + -stall<\/em> (\u2018stable, cattle stall\u2019).\u00a0 However, there is little evidence for any of these suggestions and none is thought particularly likely.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FENNY HILL <\/strong>is a suburb of Oldham<\/strong>, south-east of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1827 as a hamlet and in 1829 and 1832 as the site of collieries.\u00a0 Legend has it that it was originally named \u2018Fanny Hill\u2019 after a local woman named Frances<\/em> Rogers, but it is more likely that the origin is more literal \u2013 \u2018the hill beside or above a fen or marsh\u2019 from Old English fennig<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FERN BANK <\/strong>is a residential area on the south-eastern edge of Stalybridge <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area was first developed in the early 1890s with large villas by a local builder, William Storrs (1828-94), who named the estate Fern Bank after the house on Mottram<\/strong> Road in which he had lived since at least 1881.\u00a0 The name would mean \u2018the fern<\/em>-covered bank<\/em> or hill\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FERNGROVE <\/strong>is a residential area of Bury<\/strong> popularly known as the Dicky Bird Estate<\/strong>.\u00a0 The estate was built in the 1930s but the name \u2013 in the 19th<\/sup> century spelt both Fern Grove<\/em> and Ferngrove<\/em> \u2013 is recorded in baptismal records in 1830.\u00a0 The name means \u2018the small wood (Old English gr<\/em>\u0101f<\/em>) where ferns (fearn<\/em>) grow\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FERNHILL <\/strong>or FERN HILL <\/strong>is an area of northern Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are many places named Fern Hill or Fernhill in England, all meaning \u2018fern-covered hill\u2019 from the Old English fearn<\/em> + hyll<\/em>.\u00a0 Fern Hill in Bury is recorded in 1851.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The FESTIVAL THEATRE <\/strong>in Hyde<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> was originally built in 1903 as the Queen Alexandra Picture House, named after Queen Alexandra, the wife of the reigning king, Edward VII, and one of the earliest purpose-built cinemas in England.\u00a0 (The word cinema<\/em> in the sense of \u2018a building for showing films\u2019 was not coined until 1911.)\u00a0 In 1951-53 it was rebuilt as the Festival Theatre, taking its name from the Festival<\/em> of Britain, a nationwide celebration of the centenary of the Great Exhibition of 1851 and of Britain\u2019s post-war industrial and artistic revival.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FIRGROVE <\/strong>is a residential area and business park in Milnrow<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is relatively recent and seems to derive from Firgrove Mill<\/em>, which was built in 1870-73.\u00a0 Firgrove Bridge over the Rochdale Canal was built by 1804 and was originally called Wallhead Bridge but was renamed by the time it was rebuilt in 1906.\u00a0 The origin of Firgrove is not documented but it is a common name across England and is usually literal \u2013 in or by a grove<\/em> of fir trees<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FIRSWOOD<\/strong> is a residential area of Stretford <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded on Ordnance Survey maps at the beginning of the 19th<\/sup> century and would seem to take its name from Fir Farm.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FIRWOOD FOLD <\/strong>is a hamlet on Bradshaw Brook<\/strong> 3.25 kilometres north-east of Bolton<\/strong> town centre.\u00a0 The earliest houses, including the birthplace of Samuel Crompton in 1753, date from the 16th<\/sup> century and are said to be the oldest inhabited houses in Bolton.\u00a0 The origin of the name appears to be undocumented but is probably from the Old English fyre<\/em> (\u2018fir\u2019) or fierel<\/em> (\u2018place where oak trees grow\u2019) + wudu<\/em> (\u2018wood\u2019) + fald<\/em> (\u2018enclosure for animals, farmstead\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FIRWOOD PARK<\/strong> is a residential area of Chadderton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name seems to originate in 1844, when James Cheetham built Firwood Mill<\/em> beside the Rochdale<\/strong> Canal, but may have been the name of the area at an earlier date which had taken its name from the local vegetation.\u00a0 In 1990 the area was developed into a large housing estate which perpetuated the name of Firwood.\u00a0 Firwood Mill was demolished in 1960.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FISHPOOL<\/strong>\u00a0is an area of\u00a0the Metropolitan Borough of Bury <\/strong>south of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1843 as an agricultural area and was adopted for the residential district that developed in the late 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name may refer to a local fish pond (one of the few place names referencing fish in Greater Manchester<\/strong>) or to a landowner or farmer by the name of Fishpool<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FITTON HILL<\/strong> is a residential area of Oldham<\/strong>, about 3 kilometres south of the town centre.\u00a0 The area was developed for residential purposes in the 1950s and 1960s on the land of Fitton Hill<\/em> Farm, which had been occupied by the Fitton family since the early 17th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The FLASHES OF WIGAN AND LEIGH <\/strong>is an 800-hectare nature reserve in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan <\/strong>composed of a chain of 8 sites, including Abram Flash<\/strong>, Amberswood<\/strong>, Bickershaw<\/strong> country park, Lightshaw Meadows<\/strong>, Pennington Flash<\/strong> country park, Three Sisters<\/strong>, Wigan<\/strong> Flashes<\/strong> and Viridor Wood<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the towns of Wigan<\/em> and Leigh<\/em> + flash<\/em>, meaning a lake formed by the subsidence of disused mine workings.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FLETCHER BANK <\/strong>is a residential area in Ramsbottom<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> on the east bank of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the early 19th<\/sup> century in reference to fields, a small settlement, quarries and even a type of sandstone used in building.\u00a0 It is thought to be an eponym derived from a family named Fletcher<\/em>, who are known to have lived in the area from the 17th<\/sup> and 18th<\/sup> centuries.\u00a0 Bank<\/em> here means \u2018slope, hillside\u2019 along the valley rather than the actual bank of the Irwell.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FLETCHER FOLD <\/strong>is a residential area south of Bury <\/strong>and east of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1716 as the location of Fletcher Fold House<\/em>, a property built for the Earl of Derby and probably means \u2018the animal enclosure (Old English fald<\/em>) belonging to someone called Fletcher<\/em>\u2019.\u00a0 The Fletchers seem to have been a prominent local family and a nearby estate at Hollins<\/strong> was leased to a Jacob Fletcher in 1756.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FLETCHER MOSS PARK<\/strong> is a 36-hectare botanical garden in Didsbury <\/strong>in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is named after Fletcher Moss<\/em> (1865-1919), the son of a wealthy corn merchant, who purchased the area in 1912 and donated it to the City of Manchester in 1915.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FLETCHER\u2019S CANAL <\/strong>was a 2.4-kilometre canal between the Wet Earth<\/strong> colliery and the Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 1790-1800 by Matthew Fletcher<\/em> (1731\/33-1808), a local mining engineer.\u00a0 The canal was closed in 1952 but parts of the original towpath remain in Clifton<\/strong> Country Park.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FLIXTON<\/strong> is a town in the Borough of Trafford<\/strong>, about 10 kilometres south-west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is an Old Norse-Old English hybrid, first recorded in 1177 with its modern spelling (although it was also recorded with other spellings) and meaning \u2018Flik<\/em>\u2019s village or estate\u2019, from the Norse personal name Flik<\/em> or Flikke<\/em> + Old English -t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>, suggesting Danish settlement in the area at an earlier period.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FLOW MOSS <\/strong>was an area or hamlet on Chat Moss<\/strong> south of Astley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The Liverpool & Manchester Railway opened a station with this name in 1830 but it was closed in 1842.\u00a0 The company opened another station named Flow Moss Cottage in about 1844 but this was later renamed Astley.\u00a0 The name seems to be a reduplication of Old Norse fl<\/em>\u00f3i<\/em>, meaning \u2018marsh\u2019, + Old English mos<\/em>, also meaning \u2018marsh\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FLOWERY FIELD <\/strong>is an area of Hyde<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is aspirational and is first recorded in 1845.\u00a0 It is said to have been chosen by factory owner Thomas Ashton (1808-75), who provided good working and housing conditions for his employees.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FOGGBROOK\u00a0<\/strong>is an area of Offerton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is only recorded in 1849 when it referred to a village and a bridge over Poise Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the River Goyt<\/strong>, but must date from mediaeval times as the suggested meaning is \u2018grassy stream\u2019, from Old English fogga-<\/em> (\u2018long grass left standing in winter\u2019) + br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em> (\u2018stream\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FOG LANE PARK <\/strong>is a 19-hectare public park in East Didsbury.\u00a0 <\/strong>The land was purchased by the local authority in 1926 and the park takes its name from Yorkshire Fog<\/em>, a strain of grass that grows in the area.\u00a0 The name of the grass is first recorded in 1874 and is said to come from its appearance, which resembles that of the smoke billowing from the chimneys of Yorkshire factories.\u00a0 However, this may be folk etymology – fogga<\/em> is an Old English word meaning \u2018grass\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FOLLY BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises in Monton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong> and flows about 9 kilometres north-east to join Worlsey<\/strong> Brook, which eventually joins the Irwell.\u00a0 The origin of the name is not well documented but is it likely that it comes from folly<\/em>, an obsolete or dialect word meaning \u2018clump of trees on a hill or in open ground\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FORDOE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong> that rises on Knowl Moor<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and flows south-east into Greenbooth Reservoir.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name is undated and undocumented, but Fordol <\/em>and Foredole<\/em> are found elsewhere in West Yorkshire<\/strong>, dating from the 14th<\/sup> and 15th<\/sup> centuries.\u00a0 The name in these cases probably means \u2018a field in front of (Old English fore<\/em>) a share of land (d<\/em>\u0101l<\/em>)\u2019, but this meaning and derivation cannot be confirmed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FOUR GATES <\/strong>or FOURGATES <\/strong>is a hamlet north-west of Westhoughton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is situated at the junction of four<\/em> \u2018gates<\/em>\u2019 (i.e. roads, from the Old Norse gata<\/em>) \u2013 Dicconson Lane to Aspull<\/strong>, Chorley Road, Manchester <\/strong>Road and Lostock<\/strong> Road.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1691, when the Fourgates Inn or Hotel was opened.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FOUR LANE ENDS <\/strong>is a hamlet north-west of Tottington<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the four lanes<\/em> that form the crossroads at the centre of the hamlet – Harwood<\/strong> Road and Bradshaw <\/strong>Road.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1800, when Four Lane End colliery was sunk.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FOX PLATT <\/strong>is a residential area on the south-east edge of Mossley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Fox Platt Farm<\/em>, which was purchased in 1925 in order to build a housing estate under the \u2018Homes for Heroes\u2019 scheme funded by the government after World War I.\u00a0 The farm had belonged to John Platt<\/em> (1857-1918), a local landowner, although it is unclear why it was named \u2018Fox<\/em> Platt\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FRED PERRY WALK <\/strong>is a 23-kilometre is a walking path spanning the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> from Reddish<\/strong> in the north to Woodford<\/strong> in the south.\u00a0 The path passes through Houldsworth Model Village <\/strong>and mill, the source of the River Mersey<\/strong> at the confluence of the Tame <\/strong>and the Goyt<\/strong>, Vernon Park<\/strong>, Woodbank Memorial Park<\/strong> and King George\u2019s Field<\/strong>, and Happy Valley<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is named to commemorate Fred Perry (1909-95), who was born in Portwood<\/strong> and won the men\u2019s tennis singles title at Wimbledon in 1934, 1935 and 1936.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FREEHOLD\u00a0<\/strong>is a residential area in Werneth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name dates from the 1860s when John Platt<\/strong>, the mayor of Oldham and the owner of Platt textile machinery factory, purchased some freehold<\/em> land and built houses for the company\u2019s employees which enabled them to vote under the franchise laws of the time.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FREETOWN<\/strong> is a suburb of Bury <\/strong>that was previously known as Chesham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name dates from the 1820s, when one Thomas Greenhalgh bought some land that included Chesham Mill and renamed it Freetown Mill because it was outside the parish boundaries and therefore free<\/em> from tithes.\u00a0 The mill was demolished late in the 20th<\/sup> century and the land is now occupied by Freetown Business Park.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FREE TRADE HALL <\/strong>was a concert hall in central Manchester<\/strong> close to St Peter\u2019s Square<\/strong> built in 1853-1856 on the site of the Peterloo massacre.\u00a0 The Manchester historian A J P Taylor described it as the only building in the world named after an idea \u2013 that there should be free trade between nations without restrictions on imports or exports.\u00a0 It was built on land donated by Richard Cobden (1804-1865), a leader of the Free Trade movement, to commemorate the repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846 \u2013 one of the central demands of the movement.\u00a0 The Free Trade Hall was badly damaged in the Manchester blitz of December 1940, rebuilt after the war, closed in 1997 and again rebuilt as a hotel, retaining the original fa\u00e7ade.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FRENCHES<\/strong> is an area of Greenfield<\/strong> south of Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It includes Frenches Wharf Marina, a waterside facility opened in 2013 as part of the restored Huddersfield Narrow Canal.\u00a0 The area is recorded in 1673 as Frenches<\/em> Farm, thought to be named from the nickname (Frenchy<\/em>) of Thomas Marralew, one of the French Huguenot Mallalieu family that had settled in Saddleworth in the 16th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Frenches Fulling Mill was built in 1715 or 1719, and Frenches Wharf dates from the construction of the Huddersfield Narrow Canal in 1794-1811.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FRIARMERE <\/strong>or FRIAR MERE <\/strong>is the former name of a hamlet in Delph<\/strong> in Saddleworth <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>now known as Heights<\/strong>.\u00a0 A church was built in 1765 on a hillside overlooking Delph but the name is recorded in 1468 as Friar Mere<\/em> from Old English frere<\/em> (\u2018friar\u2019) + m\u01e3re<\/em> (\u2018boundary\u2019), probably referring to an outlying house belonging to the Black Friars from Roche Abbey in Rotherham that is said to have been built in Delph.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FRIEZLAND<\/strong> is a village south-west of Greenfield<\/strong> in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, about 6.5 kilometres east of the town of Oldham and part of the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Freesland <\/em>in 1765 and with its modern spelling in 1783.\u00a0 It clearly relates to the northern Dutch province of Friesland<\/em> but the nature of this relationship is uncertain and three different suggestions have been put forward.\u00a0 The first suggests that it is derived from Fresa<\/em>, a Frisian<\/em> descended from one of the original tribes who invaded England along with the Angles, Saxons and Jutes in the 5th<\/sup> and 6th<\/sup> centuries.\u00a0 The second is that it was applied to an area of Greenfield in the early 19th<\/sup> century because many Dutch or Frisian<\/em> immigrants had come to work at the Royal George Mills, but this is later than the first record of \u2018Friezland\u2019.\u00a0 The third and perhaps the most likely possibility is that the name comes from Friezland<\/em> or Dutch Oats, which were introduced into Yorkshire in about 1740 and became popular with upland farmers because of their good yield.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FRODSHAM\u2019S BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Douglas<\/strong> which rises south of Standish<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, then flows through Frodsham\u2019s Wood and the Standish Park estate and joins the Douglas at Crooke<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is little documented and any link with Frodsham<\/strong> in Cheshire is unclear.\u00a0 The name of the Cheshire market town is probably derived from the personal name Frod <\/em>or perhaps from a ford<\/em> across the River Weaver, but historians of the town state that it is the only place named Frodsham in England and make no mention of Frodsham\u2019s Brook.\u00a0 However, it seems likely that there was a connection:\u00a0 Ralph de Standish (1418-34) owned estates in both Cheshire and Lancashire and a later member of the family, Bishop Henry Standish (c.1475-1535), left \u00a320 in his will for the construction of a bridge to \u2018keep the way clear\u2019 between Frodsham and his home in Standish.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FULLWOOD <\/strong>is a rural area on the eastern edge of Shaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 The name is little documented but there are several places called Fullwood or Fulwood in England, all probably meaning \u2018rotten or foul<\/em>-smelling wood<\/em>, usually in a marshy area\u2019, from Old English f<\/em>\u016bl <\/em>+ wudu<\/em>.\u00a0 Fullwood gives its name to Fullwood Brook, a tributary of the River Beal<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FUR LANE <\/strong>or FURLANE <\/strong>is a residential area of Greenfield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Fur Lane farmhouse and cottage are said to date back to 1645 and are found beside an old packhorse route across the moors to the east.\u00a0 The name in all probability means \u2018boundary road\u2019, deriving from the Middle English marfur<\/em>, \u2018a boundary furrow\u2019, and lane<\/em>.\u00a0 The village itself lies on the boundary of Saddleworth<\/strong> parish.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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G<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GALE<\/strong> is a village north of Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1225 as Gail<\/em>, from the Old Norse geil<\/em>, meaning \u2018a ravine\u2019, referring to its position in the valley of the River Roch<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GALLIPOLI GARDENS<\/strong> is a 0.07-hectare public park and war memorial in Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The memorial commemorating those killed in the First World War was originally erected in 1922 at the Wellington<\/strong> Barracks in Bury but, following the closure of the barracks, was moved in 2009 to Sparrow Park in central Bury.\u00a0 The park was renamed Gallipoli Gardens in memory of the heavy losses incurred by the Lancashire Fusiliers during the Gallipoli<\/em> campaign of 1915-1916.\u00a0 Gallipoli<\/em> in Turkey is derived from the Greek Kallipolis<\/em>, meaning \u2018beautiful town\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GARDEN SUBURB\u00a0<\/strong>is a residential area of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, approximately 3 kilometres south of the town centre.\u00a0 The area was built in 1909 as an experimental development with low-density housing, tree-lined roads and public gardens, all inspired by the \u2018garden city\u2019 movement of Ebenezer Howard (1850-1928).\u00a0 It was named after Hampstead Garden Suburb<\/em>, which had been built in north London in 1907.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GARRET <\/strong>or GARRATT <\/strong>was an inner-city area of Manchester<\/strong> beside the River Medlock<\/strong>.\u00a0 According to Elizabeth<\/strong> Gaskell<\/strong>, \u2018It derives its former name from an old black and white hall of the time of Richard III.\u2019\u00a0 Garret<\/em> Hall had tall towers or turrets that gave it its name, from the Middle English garret<\/em> meaning \u2018watch tower\u2019, as it overlooked and perhaps defended the confluence of the Medlock and Shooters Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 The last parts of the hall were not demolished until 1910 but much of the area was industrialised by the end of the 18th<\/sup> century and Garret Mill, believed to have been built in about 1760, is said to have been the first water-powered cotton mill in Manchester.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GARRICK THEATRE, Stockport\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> STOCKPORT GARRICK THEATRE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GATHURST <\/strong>is a village in Shevington<\/strong>, west of Wigan<\/strong> on the north bank of the River Douglas<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1547 as Gateshurst<\/em>.\u00a0 This is usually said to mean \u2018wooded hill of the goats\u2019 from Old English g<\/em>\u0101t<\/em> + hyrst<\/em>, but it has also been suggested it could mean \u2018gate or pass by the wooded hill\u2019, from Old English geat<\/em> + hyrst<\/em> because of its position beside the River Douglas.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GATLEY <\/strong>is a suburb of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, 5 kilometres north-east of Manchester Airport<\/strong>. The name is recorded in 1290 as Gateclyve<\/em>, meaning \u2018a cliff or bank where goats are kept\u2019, from Old English g<\/em>\u0101ta <\/em>+ clife<\/em>.\u00a0 The current spelling is found from 1602. It was formerly part of Cheshire<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GAYTHORN<\/strong> is an inner-city area of the City of Manchester<\/strong>, south of the city centre.\u00a0 Its origin is obscure but it is known that the Gaythorn Tunnel, which carries the Rochdale Canal beneath Deansgate<\/strong>, dates from 1794, and the Gaythorn Gas Works were built in the area in 1825 and operated for over 100 years.\u00a0 The Gaythorn<\/em> family website suggests that the name may be a corruption of Heythorn<\/em>, which itself is a corruption of Hawthorn<\/em>, from the Old English haga<\/em> + thorn<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u2018GAY VILLAGE\u2019 <\/strong>is an area of central Manchester <\/strong>\u2018with a significant gay population and a high concentration of businesses catering primarily to this community\u2019 (Oxford English Dictionary<\/em>).\u00a0 The first recorded use of the term is from 1975, referring to Coconut Grove, Miami.\u00a0 It seems to have been used in Manchester from the early 1990s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GEE CROSS<\/strong> is a village or suburb of Hyde<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> that was formerly part of Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is said that the village centre dates back to the 11th<\/sup> century, although it is not mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086.\u00a0 The name first appears as Gee Crose<\/em> in 1629 and takes its name from a cross erected by the Gee family, who lived in the area as far back as 1494.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GIANT\u2019S SEAT <\/strong>is a wooded hill near Ringley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, overlooking the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 Although thought to be the site of a prehistoric hill fort, the name is not recorded until the building of the Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal in 1791-1808, when two locks were called Giant\u2019s Seat and the lock-keeper\u2019s cottage was named Giant\u2019s Seat House.\u00a0 <\/strong>It is likely that the name is taken from a local legend but I have been unable to trace any account of this.\u00a0 Since 1954 the hill has been a Scout camp site.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GIBRALTAR WORKS NATURE RESERVE <\/strong>is a 7.8-hectare wooded area alongside the River Tame<\/strong> in Denton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Gibraltar<\/em> Mill, which was built on the east bank of the Tame near Haughton<\/strong> in about 1790 and named to commemorate the British victory over the French and Spanish at the siege of Gibraltar<\/em> of 1779-83.\u00a0 Gibraltar itself is named from the Arabic Jabal T<\/em>\u0101riq<\/em>, \u2018the mountain of Tarik\u2019, the Moorish general T\u0101riq ibn Ziy\u0101d, who crossed the strait from North Africa to capture the Rock in 711.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GIDLOW <\/strong>is a residential area north of Wigan<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is an eponym recorded in 1246 as Guddelawe<\/em>, meaning \u2018Gidda\u2019s hill\u2019 from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019).\u00a0 There is also evidence that it is named after the Gyudelowe<\/em> or Goodlaw<\/em> family from nearby Aspull<\/strong>, who are known to have lived in the area in the 13th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GIGG<\/strong> is a suburban area in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> that is home to Gigg Lane, Bury Football Club\u2019s ground, originally built in 1885.\u00a0 The name Gigg<\/em> comes from gigge<\/em>, a hole in the ground with a fire used for drying flax in the linen-making process.\u00a0 Flax growing and linen making were common in Lancashire<\/strong> and are commemorated by Flax Moss near Haslingden and Gigg Road in Thelwall near Warrington.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GIGG BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Etherow<\/strong> that flows through the Compstall <\/strong>area of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> to meet the Etherow near Compstall Bridge.\u00a0 The name is documented only from 1927 and the origin is uncertain:\u00a0 it may come from gigge<\/em>, a hole in the ground with a fire used for drying flax in the linen-making process, and this suggestion is supported by the fact that the area was known for flax cultivation before the importing of cheap cotton in the 18th<\/sup> and 19th<\/sup> centuries.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GILDA BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong> that runs from north to south through Eccles<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century as le Guldenaleford<\/em>.\u00a0 The derivation is uncertain but it may come from Old English gylden<\/em> (\u2018covered with golden flowers such as marigolds\u2019) + –halh<\/em> (\u2018nook or corner of land\u2019).\u00a0 Today the stream is mostly culverted but its name is retained in Gilda Brook Road in Eccles and nearby Hope <\/strong>(meaning \u2018remote valley\u2019) probably refers to Gilda Brook.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GILLBENT <\/strong>is a residential area of Cheadle<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1661 as Gilbent<\/em> but the origin is uncertain.\u00a0 It has been suggested that it may be Old English cild<\/em> (\u2018child, young person\u2019) + beonet<\/em> (‘bent-grass’) indicating that this was a grassy area (i.e. a common) belonging to or frequented by young people.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GILNOW <\/strong>is a residential area to the west of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the 18th<\/sup> century, when it was generally spelled Gilnough<\/em>.\u00a0 Its origin is usually said to be unknown, but it has been suggested that the first element may be from the Old Norse gil<\/em>, meaning \u2018valley, ravine\u2019, in reference to Gilnow Brook, a tributary of the nearby River Croal<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GIN PIT <\/strong>is a village near Astley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> which takes its name from the Gin Pit Colliery<\/em> in the Lancashire<\/strong> coalfield.\u00a0 The colliery began production in the 1840s and the village developed a few decades later.\u00a0 Gin <\/em>is short for engine<\/em> and describes the horse-powered winding gear in use in many British coalfields since the 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The first houses in the village were built in 1881.\u00a0 The colliery closed in 1958.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GLAZE BROOK\u00a0<\/strong>or RIVER GLAZE <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises south-east of Leigh<\/strong> as Glaze Brook and flows 35 kilometres into the Mersey and the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> at Cadishead <\/strong>as the River Glaze \u2013 the name changes at Lately Common in Warrington.\u00a0 For much of its length it forms the boundary between Greater Manchester<\/strong> and Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in about 1195 as Glasebroc<\/em> and gives its name to the village of Glazebrook in Cheshire.\u00a0 The name means \u2018grey-green stream\u2019, and probably derives from the Celtic glas<\/em>, meaning \u2018grey-green or blue\u2019 + Old English br\u014dc <\/em>(\u2018stream\u2019).\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GLODWICK<\/strong>\u00a0is a residential area of Oldham<\/strong> to the south-east of the town centre.\u00a0 It is first recorded in the 1190s as Glodic<\/em> and the derivation is uncertain.\u00a0 Its meaning may involve reduplication \u2013 the first element may be related to the Celtic clawdd<\/em>, meaning \u2018ditch\u2019, and the second element may be the Old English dic<\/em>, also meaning \u2018ditch or dyke\u2019.\u00a0 This sometimes happened when the second element is added at a later date to explain the meaning of the first element.\u00a0 Glodwick is close to an old Roman road and the ditch may be a fosse beside the road.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GMEX <\/strong>or the G<\/em>reater M<\/em>anchester Ex<\/em>hibition Centre is an exhibition, concert and conference centre in central Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It started life as Manchester Central terminus, which was built by the Midland Railway and Cheshire Lines Committee in 1880 with the second largest span of any railway station in Britain.\u00a0 It closed in May 1969 and was converted into GMEX, which opened in 1982.\u00a0 Since 2007 it has been known simply as Manchester Central.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GOATS <\/strong>is a residential area in the north of Shaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> on the River Beal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The origin and date of the name seem to be undocumented, but it does not appear before 1859, when Goats Mill in Woodend<\/strong> was built.\u00a0 There are several places in Greater Manchester<\/strong> that are derived from \u2018goat\u2019 (Gathurst<\/strong>, Gatley<\/strong>) and it is possible that the name refers to the keeping of goats<\/em> in the area, but a more likely suggestion is that it is derived from Old English gota<\/em>, meaning \u2018stream\u2019, referring to the confluence of Pencil Brook<\/strong> and Old Brook with the Beal in the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GODLEY <\/strong>is a suburb of Hyde<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1211 as Godel<\/em> and Godeleigh<\/em>, and with its modern spelling in 1364.\u00a0 It is an eponym derived from the Anglo-Saxon personal name G\u014dda<\/em> and Old English –l\u0113ah<\/em>, meaning \u2018woodland clearing, pasture\u2019.\u00a0 Godley lends its name to Godley Brook and Godley reservoir, completed in 1851 to supply water to Manchester<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GOLBORNE<\/strong> is a town in the Borough of Wigan,<\/strong> 22.5 kilometres west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1187 as Goldeburn<\/em>, meaning \u2018stream where marsh-marigolds grow\u2019, from Old English golde <\/em>(\u2018marsh marigold\u2019) + burna<\/em> (\u2018stream\u2019).\u00a0 The town now stands on Millingford Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the Mersey<\/strong>, and it is assumed that the name changed to Golborne at some point.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GOLLINROD <\/strong>is a hamlet near Walmersley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury <\/strong>that gives its name to Gollinrod Wood and Gollinrod Gorge.\u00a0 The River Irwell<\/strong> flows through Gollinrod Gorge as far as Brooksbottoms<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the mid-13th<\/sup> century, when Nicholas of the Golynrode<\/em> was given an estate in the area.\u00a0 It is thought that the name is an eponym meaning \u2018Gollin\u2019s clearing\u2019, from an Anglo-Saxon personal name + Old English rod<\/em> (\u2018clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GOOSE GREEN, Altrincham, <\/strong>is a former hamlet in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>, approximately 13 kilometres south-west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1799 and is assumed to mean \u2018village green where geese were grazed\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GOOSE GREEN, Wigan,<\/strong> is a residential area south-west of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is assumed to have once been a village green where people grazed their geese.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GORE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the Mersey<\/strong> that rises in Droylsden<\/strong> and flows west to Gorton<\/strong> Reservoir and Platt<\/strong> Fields Park<\/strong>, where it becomes Chorlton<\/strong> Brook, which then joins the Mersey close to Sale Water Park<\/strong>.\u00a0 Gore Brook gives its name to Gorton<\/strong>.\u00a0 In 1971, Manchester City Council approved an outline planning strategy for Gorton to develop the Gore Brook<\/strong> Valley Park into a conservation area linking Sunny Brow Park in the west with Debdale Park<\/strong> in the east, along the line of the Gore Brook. This was finally designated on 22 December 1993.\u00a0 The name was recorded in about 1250 as Gorbroke<\/em>, from the Old English gor<\/em>, meaning \u2018dirt or mud\u2019, + br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em>, meaning \u2018stream\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GORSE HILL <\/strong>is a residential area of Stretford<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name originates from Gorse Hill Farm<\/em>, which was built in the 18th<\/sup> century and presumably named because of the local vegetation.\u00a0 The farm was purchased in 1934 to make way for residential development and was demolished in 1937.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GORSEY BANK <\/strong>today is an industrial and recreational area west of Stockport<\/strong> on the south bank<\/em> of the Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1844, when it was the site of cotton mills powered by the river.\u00a0 These had been demolished by 1935, when the large Gorsey Bank housing estate was built.\u00a0 This was cleared in the mid-1990s and the Aurora business park was established on the site from 2007.\u00a0 The name means \u2018river bank where gorse grows\u2019, from the Old English gorst<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GORTON<\/strong> is a suburb of Manchester<\/strong>, south-east of the city centre.\u00a0 It takes its name from Gore <\/em>Brook<\/strong>, meaning \u2018dirty stream\u2019, which flows through the area.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1282 as Gorton<\/em>, from the Old English gor<\/em>, meaning \u2018dirt or mud\u2019, + t\u016bn<\/em>, meaning \u2018settlement or farmstead\u2019.\u00a0 Gor<\/em> can also mean \u2018gore, clotted blood\u2019, and this has led to an alternative suggestion that it means \u2018Gore Town\u2019 from a bloody battle between the Saxons and the Danes, but this can be dismissed as folk etymology.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GOSHEN <\/strong>is a residential and recreational area south of Bury<\/strong> in a bend in the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as a croft in 1586 and is taken from the Bible, where Goshen<\/em> is a region of Egypt described as the \u2018best part of the land\u2019 (Genesis 47:6) where there was \u2018no hail\u2019 (Exodus 9:26).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GOWER HEY BROOK <\/strong>is a left tributary of the River Tame<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises north-west of Gee Cross<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> and then flows north-west through Gower Hey Woods to empty into the Tame east of Haughton Green<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Goer Hey<\/em> in 1720, but Gore Hey<\/em> in 1831, Gower Hay<\/em> in 1889 and Gower Hey<\/em> in 1917.\u00a0 The name means \u2018woodland enclosure by or at a gore\u2019, from the old English g<\/em>\u0101ra <\/em>(\u2018piece of higher ground in a valley\u2019) + h<\/em>\u00e6g<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River GOYT<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong> which rises on the moors west of Buxton in Derbyshire<\/strong> and flows north-west to join the River Tame<\/strong> at Stockport<\/strong> to form the Mersey.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1208 as the Guit<\/em> and comes from the Celtic gwyth<\/em> or, more likely, Old English g<\/em>\u04efte<\/em> or gota<\/em> meaning \u2018channel\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The GRACIE FIELDS THEATRE <\/strong>is an entertainment venue near Oulder Hill<\/strong> in Greave<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was named after and opened in 1978 by Dame Gracie Fields <\/em>(1898-1979), the singer, actress and comedian born in Rochdale in 1898.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GRAINS BAR<\/strong> is a residential area north-east of Shaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name means \u2018toll gate on the road to\/from Grains\u2019, which is or was a village east of Diggle<\/strong>.\u00a0 Grains<\/em> is derived from the Old English grein<\/em>, meaning \u2018a river fork or confluence\u2019.\u00a0 The turnpike to\/from Grains was built at the end of the 18th<\/sup> century but the name Grains Bar can be dated to the 17th<\/sup> century and refers to a toll bar<\/em> erected on the road at the border between Lancashire <\/strong>and the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GRANGE <\/strong>is a moorland hamlet in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, north east of Oldham itself.\u00a0 A grange<\/em> was an outlying farm belonging to a monastery, from the Old French graunge<\/em>, originally meaning \u2018granary\u2019.\u00a0 The present hamlet was originally recorded in 1452 as Castleshaw<\/strong> Grange.\u00a0 Like Friarmere<\/strong>, it was linked to Roche Abbey near Rotherham in South Yorkshire<\/strong> until the dissolution of the monasteries in 1538.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GRASSCROFT<\/strong> is a village in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> that was part of the West Riding of<\/strong> Yorkshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1728 with its current spelling and means simply \u2018grass field\u2019 from modern English grass<\/em> + croft<\/em> (\u2018small field\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GRAVEL HOLE <\/strong>is an area of Thornham <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are several places called Gravel Hole or Gravelhole across Britain and all derive their names from gravel<\/em> pits or quarries that were once found there.\u00a0 Most date from the 19th<\/sup> century and Gravel Hole in Oldham is first recorded on the early Ordnance Survey maps of 1840-1845.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREAT BOLTON\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>BOLTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREAT GRUFF <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises on Sail Bark Moss<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>and flows south-east to meet Rimmon Pit Brook<\/strong>, which then joins Greenfield<\/strong> Brook.\u00a0 The name derives from the Old Norse grof<\/em>, meaning \u2018stream; hollow or pit made by a stream\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREAT HORROCKS<\/strong> See<\/em> HORROCKS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREAT HOWARTH <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> HOWARTH CROSS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREAT LEVER <\/strong>is part of the area named Lever<\/em> which consists of several settlements \u2013 Darcy<\/strong> Lever,<\/strong> Great Lever, Lever Edge<\/strong> and Little Lever<\/strong> \u2013 south of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name Lever<\/em> is recorded in 1212 as Lefre<\/em>, from the Old English lefer<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018rush, reed\u2019), so that the entire area would mean \u2018where the rushes or reeds grow\u2019 on the banks of the Irwell<\/strong> and Croal<\/strong>.\u00a0 Great Lever is a suburb of Bolton, lying about 4 kilometres south of Bolton town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in Latin as Magna Leure<\/em> in 1285 and in English as Great Leure<\/em> in 1326.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREAT MOOR <\/strong>is a suburb of Stockport<\/strong>, which was formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 As far back as 1348, this area of southern Stockport was referred to as del Mor<\/em>, from the Old English mor<\/em>, meaning \u2018a marsh or barren upland\u2019.\u00a0 By the 19th<\/sup> century it was divided into Great Moor and Little Moor.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREATER MANCHESTER<\/strong> was formed as a county on 1 April 1974 from parts of south-east Lancashire<\/strong>, north-east Cheshire,<\/strong> and a few parts of Derbyshire<\/strong> and the West Riding of<\/strong> Yorkshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Prior to 1974, governance of the area was divided between the four counties but there had long been demands for a unified authority to coordinate political and social affairs.\u00a0 The term Greater Manchester<\/em> was invented in April 1935 by the Manchester Evening Chronicle<\/em>.\u00a0 Under the headline \u2018Greater Manchester \u2013 The Ratepayers\u2019 Solution\u2019, it noted the \u2018increasing demands for the exploration of the possibilities of a greater merger of\u00a0public services<\/a>\u00a0throughout Manchester and the surrounding municipalities\u2019.\u00a0 It took until 1974 for Greater Manchester to be formed into a county with ten metropolitan boroughs \u2013 Bolton<\/strong>, Bury<\/strong>, Manchester<\/strong>, Oldham<\/strong>, Rochdale<\/strong>, Salford<\/strong>, Stockport<\/strong>, Tameside<\/strong>, Trafford<\/strong> and Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 Eight of these names – Bolton<\/strong><\/a>,\u00a0<\/strong>Bury<\/strong><\/a>,\u00a0Manchester, <\/strong>Oldham<\/strong><\/a>,\u00a0<\/strong>Rochdale<\/strong><\/a>,\u00a0Salford, <\/strong>Stockport<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0<\/strong>and\u00a0<\/strong>Wigan<\/strong><\/a> \u2013 were taken from the largest towns in the new boroughs, but Trafford<\/strong> was selected because of its sporting venues and historical associations, and Tameside<\/strong> was a newly-invented name taken from the River Tame<\/strong> that flows through the borough.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREAT WHINNING GULF <\/strong>and LITTLE WHINNING GULF<\/strong> are feeder streams rising in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flowing south-west to form Culvert Clough<\/strong>, which feeds Rooden Reservoir<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The names are shown on Ordnance Survey maps of the 1880s and 1890s and both mean \u2018the gorse-covered (Middle English whinny<\/em>) ravine (Middle English gulf<\/em>, from French golfe<\/em>)\u2018.\u00a0 Although this meaning of gulf<\/em> is recorded from about 1400 in the Oxford English Dictionary<\/em>, it is extremely rare in place names and this use in Oldham is not found in academic studies of the place names of the counties of north-west England.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREAVE<\/strong> is an area of Spotland<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It would seem that it takes its name from the Greave<\/em> family, who are recorded as owning land in the area, beginning with Ottiwell Greave, who purchased a \u2018messuage\u2019 in 1569.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREAVEFOLD <\/strong>is a residential area north-east of Romiley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The village is thought to have been originally built in the mid-18th<\/sup> century and the name is recorded in 1777.\u00a0 The name means the \u2018grove in a fold\u2019, from Old English gr<\/em>\u01e3fe<\/em> or gr<\/em>\u0101f <\/em>+ fald<\/em>, suggesting an enclosure for animals or people from the surrounding Pennine<\/strong> moors.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREENACRES, GREENACRES HILL <\/strong>and GREENACRES MOOR <\/strong>are all residential areas in north Oldham<\/strong>, about 11.25 kilometres north-east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The names are not well documented before 1620, when a stone cross was noted on the edge of Greenacres Moor.\u00a0 The name literally means \u2018green fields\u2019, from the Old English grene<\/em> + aecer\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018plot of cultivated land; measure of land which a yoke of oxen could plough in a day\u2019).<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

GREENBOOTH RESERVOIR <\/strong>is a large reservoir north of Heywood <\/strong>and south of the Naden<\/strong> Reservoirs in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>supplying water to Rochdale.<\/strong>\u00a0 It was completed in 1963 and involved the submerging of the village of Green<\/em> Booth<\/em>, which was established in the 1840s, when a weaving mill was built there, perhaps on the site of an old corn mill.\u00a0 The name comes from the Old English gr<\/em>\u0113ne<\/em> + Old Norse b\u016bth<\/em>, meaning \u2018a small or temporary shelter\u2019.\u00a0 The \u2018booths\u2019 may have provided shelter for those looking after cattle.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREEN END <\/strong>is a residential area of Burnage<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The place appears as a rural hamlet on the boundary between Burnage and Heaton Mersey<\/strong> in 1819 but its earlier history is not well documented.\u00a0 In 1923 Manchester City Council purchased 31.6 hectares of land in Burnage and subsequently built several estates on this land, including 354 houses on Green End Estate.\u00a0 The two elements \u2013 green<\/em> and end<\/em> \u2013 are clear enough but their combined meaning is uncertain.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREENFIELD <\/strong>is a small residential area north-east of Mossley<\/strong> on the edge of Saddleworth<\/strong> Moor in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It shares its name with Greenfield Brook, which meets Chew Brook<\/strong> above the village of Greenfield and then flows into the River Tame<\/strong>, and with Greenfield Reservoir, which was built in the early 1870s. The name is recorded in 1323 as Grenefeld<\/em> and literally means \u2018green field\u2019, or \u2018green open land\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREENGATE\u00a0<\/strong>is an inner-city suburb in the east of the City of Salford<\/strong> that is often said to be the heart or core of the city.\u00a0 Salford received its Borough Charter in 1230 and was at that time formed around three streets, one of which was Greengate, although it is not clear when the term came into use as early records call it Back Salford.\u00a0 The name evidently dates from mediaeval times as its name comes from the Old English grene<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a grassy spot, a village green\u2019) + Old Norse gata<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a road, a street\u2019), and would therefore mean \u2018the street by or leading to the green\u2019.\u00a0 Henry III gave Salford the right to hold a weekly market and an annual fair in 1228 and it is believed that these were held on a rectangular green on Greengate.\u00a0 In 1845 Engels suggested that the lanes of Greengate \u2018have certainly never been cleansed since they were built\u2019.\u00a0 The area is currently undergoing major regeneration.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREEN GRAIN <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises on the moor of the Peak District <\/strong>National Park in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>and flows north-west into Chew Reservoir, which then joins the Tame at Greenfield<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is little documented and probably means \u2018green<\/em> or grassy river fork\u2019 from Old English grein<\/em>, referring to the numerous tributaries of Chew Brook <\/strong>in this area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREENHEYS <\/strong>is an area south of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 It was formerly a residential area but it is now largely occupied by the Manchester Science Park.\u00a0 It takes its name from Greenheys<\/em>, a house built it 1791 by Thomas Quincey, father of the famous Manchester author, Thomas de Quincey (1785-1859).\u00a0 The house was originally named \u2018Greenhay Hall\u2019 by Mary Quincy to reflect its rural surroundings at the end of the 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Elizabeth Gaskell opened her 1848 novel \u2018Mary Barton\u2019 by contrasting rural Green Heys Fields with the \u2018bustling manufacturing town\u2019 of Manchester:\u00a0 \u2018Here in their seasons may be seen the country business of haymaking, ploughing, etc., which are such pleasant mysteries for townspeople to watch: and here the artisan, deafened with noise of tongues and engines, may come to listen awhile to the delicious sounds of rural life: the lowing of cattle, the milkmaid’s call, the clatter and cackle of poultry in the farmyards\u2019.\u00a0 The Quincy house was demolished in 1852 and the area deteriorated until it was cleared in the 1960s and 1970s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREEN HILL <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Green Hill is a common place name in England and it clearly derived from being on or nearby a green hill.\u00a0 Green Hill in Wigan<\/strong> is a small residential area 2.3 kilometres north of the town centre.\u00a0 It dates from the mid-19th<\/sup> century when there were just a few cottages on a green hill, one of them named Green Hill Cottage<\/em>.\u00a0 The current urban development, which takes its name from the area surrounding the cottage, mainly dates from the 1930s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREENLOW CROSS,<\/strong> GREENLOW MARSH<\/strong> and GREENLOW HEATH<\/strong> were all at one time part of land named simply as Greenlow or Grindlelow in an area south and east of Manchester<\/strong> in what are now Chorlton-on-Medlock<\/strong> and Gorton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name seems to date from the early 14th<\/sup> century but was divided in 1609 into Greenlow Heath in what is now Chorlton-on-Medlock and Greenlow Marsh or Cross in Gorton.\u00a0 The name simply means \u2018green hill\u2019 from Old English gr\u0113ne<\/em> + hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em>.\u00a0 The alternative spelling, Grindlelow, seems to be merely a corruption of Greenlow.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREENMOUNT <\/strong>is a village in Tottington<\/strong> in the north of the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is modern, dating from 1843, and is a re-spelling of Green Mount<\/em>, which is thought to be a rationalisation of the older Greenhalgh<\/em>.\u00a0 Greenhalgh<\/em> gets a passing mention in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Greneholf<\/em>, meaning \u2018green hollow\u2019, from Old English grene\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018a grassy spot\u2019) + holh<\/em> (\u2018hollow\u2019).\u00a0 The area was also formerly known as Nailer\u2019s Green.\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREENSIDE <\/strong>is a residential and recreational area west of Droylsden<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is found as field names on maps of the 1830s, with Far Greenside, Near Greenside, Greenside Hey, Greenside Croft and Greenside Field all labelled along Greenside Lane.\u00a0 The name is fairly literal:\u00a0 the green<\/em> or grassy hillside<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREENVALE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong> that rises in the Littleborough<\/strong> area of the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 Its course and name are not well documented.\u00a0 It is unnamed on early Ordnance Survey maps but Green Vale Mill appears by 1891 and Greenvale Business Park dates from the late 1990s or early 2000s.\u00a0 The name seems to be descriptive \u2013 \u2018the stream in the green valley\u2019<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GRINDLOW MARSH\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>LONGSIGHT<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GRISTLEHURST<\/strong> is an area and a forest in Heywood<\/strong> on the River Roch<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1336 as Gristelyhyrst<\/em> but Grislehurst<\/em> in some 19th<\/sup>-century accounts.\u00a0 The meaning is unclear.\u00a0 Old English hyrst<\/em> means \u2018a wooded hill\u2019 and Old English gristle<\/em> meant the same as modern English \u2018gristle\u2019, but why this was appropriate for the name of the settlement is uncertain.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GROSVENOR SQUARE<\/strong>, also known as All Saints Park<\/strong>, is a public garden in Chorlton-on-Medlock<\/strong>, south of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 Grosvenor Square and Grosvenor Street were laid out in about 1794 and named after Grosvenor Square<\/em> in London as part of the gentrification process of the area, in which fashionable and aristocratic names were given to new streets.\u00a0 Grosvenor Street in London was developed in 1725-31 by Sir Richard Grosvenor <\/em>(1689-1732), whose family name comes from the French meaning \u2018large or fat hunter\u2019.\u00a0 All Saints Church was built beside Grosvenor Square in 1820 and the churchyard and cemetery occupied much of Grosvenor Square until the 1930s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GROTTON <\/strong>is a suburb of Oldham<\/strong> to the east of Oldham town itself. The name can be traced back at least as far as the 15th<\/sup> century and means \u2018gravelly place\u2019, from Old English groten<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018sandy or gravelly soil\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GUIDE BRIDGE<\/strong> is an area of Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is said that its name comes from a bridge over the newly-built Ashton Canal in 1796.\u00a0 This bridge had a \u2018guide post\u2019 or sign post on it and this became the name of the surrounding village.\u00a0 The name was standardised in 1845 when the Sheffield Ashton-under-Lyne & Manchester Railway adopted it for a station that was originally named Ashton & Hooley Hill.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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H<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The H<\/strong>A\u00c7IENDA<\/strong> was a nightclub in Gaythorn<\/strong> in central Manchester <\/strong>which opened in 1982 and influenced what became known as the \u2018Madchester\u2019<\/strong> music scene.\u00a0 The name was inspired by a slogan of the Situationist International, a radical social movement of the 1950s, 60s and 70s \u2013 \u2018The Hacienda Must be Built\u2019, a cry for social and urban change.\u00a0 The name was popularised by Tony Wilson, a music promoter and co-founder of Factory Records, which owned the club.\u00a0 The club was closed in 1997, demolished in 2002 and a block of flats called \u2018The Ha\u00e7ienda Apartments\u2019 built on the site.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HACKING KNIFE<\/strong> is a gritstone promontory above Hyde <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 Its name is thought to derive from its knife<\/em>-like shape.\u00a0 It was formerly part of a farm owned by the Higham family but in 1920 62 hectares were purchased by Hyde Borough Council as a memorial to those killed in the First World War.\u00a0 An 8.4-metre granite obelisk was unveiled in 1921 and a plate commemorating those who died in the Second World War was added in 1963.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HAG FOLD<\/strong> is a residential area of Atherton <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> built on the site of Hag Fold Farm <\/em>in the 1930s.\u00a0 The name has been the source of much speculation and amusement but its origin has not been determined with any certainty.\u00a0 It is almost certain that it has nothing to do with witches and it seems likely, based on the names of other locations in Lancashire<\/strong>, that it comes from the Old Norse h<\/em>\u01eb<\/em>gg<\/em> or Old English hagga<\/em> meaning \u2018an area of trees to be felled or a clearing\u2019 + Old English fald<\/em>, \u2018an enclosure for animals\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HAGGATE <\/strong>is residential area of Royton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It shares its name with Haggate<\/em> in Lancashire<\/strong> but is otherwise not well documented and its meaning is uncertain.\u00a0 Folk etymology suggests that the name comes from an old woman who sat on a gate, but it is more likely to be Old English h<\/em>\u00e6c<\/em> (\u2018hatch\u2019) + geat <\/em>(\u2018gate, gap, pass\u2019), meaning a barred-gate that was the entrance to an estate or parish, or haga<\/em> (\u2018hawthorn\u2019) + Old Norse gata<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a road, a street\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The HAGUE<\/strong> is a hamlet south-east of Mottram in Longdendale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded as Haghe<\/em> in 1339, Haigh<\/em> in 1638 and The Hague<\/em> in 1831.\u00a0 It is related in meaning and etymology to Haigh <\/strong>in Wigan <\/strong>and The Hague, the capital of the Netherlands \u2013 haga<\/em>, meaning \u2018a hedged enclosure\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HAIGH <\/strong>is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1194 as Hage <\/em>but the modern spelling of Haigh<\/em> is found from 1581.\u00a0 The name is derived from the Old English haga<\/em>, meaning \u2018a hedge\u2019 and therefore \u2018an enclosure\u2019.\u00a0\u00a0 The village gives its name to the 100-hectare Haigh Woodland Park, which was originally a mediaeval estate which was laid out as gardens and woodland in the 1860s to hide mining activities.\u00a0 These were purchased by Wigan Corporation in 1945 and opened to the public in 1947.<\/p>\n

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HALE <\/strong>is a suburb of the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> which was formerly part of Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded as Hale <\/em>in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1), where it was said, \u2018There is woodland 1 league long and a half wide, and an enclosure, and a hawk\u2019s eyrie, and half an acre of meadow\u2019. \u00a00At that time, it also included Hale Barns<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name Hale<\/em> is from the Old English halh<\/em> meaning ‘nook or corner of land’, referring to areas of higher dry ground in the marshy areas along the River Bollin<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HALE BARNS<\/strong> is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford <\/strong>about 11 kilometres south-west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 Hale Barns was included within Hale<\/strong> in mediaeval times but was sufficiently prosperous by the late 16th<\/sup> century to be regarded as a separate settlement.\u00a0 The separate name is first recorded in 1616 as Halebarnes<\/em>.\u00a0 The barns<\/em> refer to the tithe barn that had been built to store the villagers\u2019 tithes \u2013 a tenth of all farm produce that was donated to the local church.\u00a0 Tithes made in kind were legally abolished in 1836 and the original tithe barn was demolished in 1848.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HALE MOSS<\/strong> today is a residential and recreational area north of Hale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 While Hale itself is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1), Hale Moss is not recorded on maps of the area until 1790, where it appears as a flood plain formed by Timperley <\/strong>Brook.\u00a0 The name is formed from Hale<\/em> (Old English halh<\/em> meaning ‘nook or corner of land’) + Moss <\/em>(mos<\/em>, \u2018marsh, bog\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HALF ACRE <\/strong>is a residential area of Whitefield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in parish records in 1849 but is thought to be named for a small group of weavers\u2019 cottages around Half Acre Lane<\/em>, referring to the approximate area of the plot on which they were built.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HALLAM CORONATION GARDEN <\/strong>is a small park in Davenport<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is named after Ephraim Hallam <\/em>(1812-1897), who built a cotton mill in Heaviley<\/strong> in 1859.\u00a0 He died in 1897 and bequeathed a small area adjacent to the mill to Stockport Council, which was laid out as Hallam Park in 1902.\u00a0 In 1953 the park was renamed Hallam Coronation Garden to commemorate the coronation<\/em> of Queen Elizabeth II.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HALL I\u2019 TH\u2019 WOOD <\/strong>is a museum in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally a manor house built in the 16th<\/sup> century by the Brownlow<\/strong> family and known as the Hall in the Wood<\/em>, which was rendered as Hall i\u2019 th\u2019 Wood in the local dialect.\u00a0 The building was used as a house of multiple occupancy by industrial families.\u00a0 The most famous occupant was Samuel Crompton<\/strong> (1753-1827), who invented his spinning mule for the manufacture of muslin in about 1779 while living in the hall, and this was known as the Hall i\u2019 th\u2019 Wood wheel at the time.\u00a0 The house was purchased by William Lever (later Lord Leverhulme<\/strong>) in 1899 and donated to Bolton Corporation in 1902.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HALLIWELL<\/strong> is a residential district of Bolton<\/strong>, originally included in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in about 1200 as Haliwalle<\/em>, from the Old English halig<\/em> + wella<\/em>, meaning \u2018holy well\u2019.\u00a0 This refers to an ancient spring which was found in the northern part of what is now Halliwell.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HALL LEE BROOK<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong> that rises west of Westhoughton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>. It flows through Hall Lee Bank Park and eventually joins the Mersey as the Glaze Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Lee Hall<\/em>, the mediaeval home of the Leigh (or Lee<\/em>, Leghe, Lighe) family.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HALO WEST <\/strong>is a 2.4-hectare logistics and industrial estate off Liverpool Road<\/strong> in Eccles<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong> that was given planning approval in 2025.\u00a0 It is one of several such developments across the UK that have been given the name Halo<\/em>, a term was first used in Kilmarnock in 2021.\u00a0 The name is taken from the Halo effect<\/em>, a term coined in 1920 by Edward Thorndike, and defined by him as \u2019a marked tendency to think of the person in general as rather good or rather inferior and to colour the judgments of the qualities by this general feeling\u2019.\u00a0 The term was initially used in educational psychology but it is now applied to regeneration initiatives where brownfield sites rise from the ashes of industrial waste and pollution.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HALSHAW MOOR<\/strong> is a residential area of Farnworth <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but it is thought that by 1604 the land belonged to Robtus de Halsall<\/em>, who gave his name to the village.\u00a0 The family took their name from Halsall, some 15 kilometres north-west of Halshaw, and the name may have been changed to Halshaw over time.\u00a0 A perhaps more straightforward derivation is that the name comes from the Old English halh<\/em> (\u2018flat piece of land beside a river\u2019) + shagh<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018woodland\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HAMER <\/strong>is an area of Wardleworth <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1572 as Hamer<\/em>, from the Old English hamor <\/em>or Old Norse hamarr<\/em>, meaning \u2018steep rock, cliff\u2019, which describes the location of the original village near a hill.\u00a0 Hamer lends its name to Hamer Pasture Reservoir, which was built in the 1860s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HAMPSON GREEN <\/strong>is a hamlet north-west of Haigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The place is not well documented but it shares its name with Hampson Green, a village south of Lancaster, whose meaning is thought to be \u2018the village of Pson, the son of Pusan\u2019, from Old English h<\/em>\u0101m<\/em> + Anglo-Saxon personal name Pson<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HANGING BRIDGE<\/strong> is an ancient sandstone bridge across Hanging Ditch, which used to connect the Irwell <\/strong>and the Irk<\/strong> south of Manchester<\/strong> Cathedral.\u00a0 It is recorded as Hengand Brigge<\/em> in 1343 although references to Hanging Ditch go back to 1316.\u00a0 The present bridge was built in 1421 on the site of an earlier bridge but the present bridge was covered over in 1682 and only uncovered in 1880.\u00a0 There are several theories for the origin of the name:\u00a0 that the original bridge was a Roman drawbridge hung from ropes; that it was an ancient public execution site (Old English hengen<\/em>\u00a0means \u2018gallows\u2019); or that it is sited on a slope (Old English hangende<\/em>).\u00a0 Other suggestions are that the name could refer to the curved shape of the ditch, or to hens found nearby, but the exact origin remains uncertain.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HANGING CHADDER <\/strong>is a hilly area north of Royton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1324 as Hengandechadre<\/em>, meaning \u2018steep hill\u2019, from the Old English hangende\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018hanging; steep\u2019) + the Celtic cader <\/em>(\u2018chair, hill\u2019).\u00a0\u00a0 Nearby Chadderton<\/strong> probably takes its name from Hanging Chadder.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HANGING LEES RESERVOIR<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> was built in 1858-68 as one of the six reservoirs (Ogden, Kitcliffe, Piethorne, Hanging Lees, Rooden<\/strong> and Norman Hill<\/strong>) built in the Piethorne Valley in the second half of the 19th<\/sup> century to supply water to Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Hanging Lees Farm and Hanging Lees Brook, both of which appear on the first Ordnance Survey maps of the area in the 1850s.\u00a0 The name means \u2018the steep (Old English hangende<\/em>, \u2018steep\u2019) pastures (Old English l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em>).\u00a0 The word reservoir <\/em>first appears in English in 1686, borrowed from the French r\u00e9servoir<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HANKINSON <\/strong>or \u2018HANKY PARK\u2019<\/strong> was a residential area of Pendleton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area developed in the second quarter of the 19th<\/sup> century and took its name from the local Hankinson<\/em> family.\u00a0 Robert Hankinson was listed as a calico manufacturer in 1825 and other members of the family later established businesses in the area around what became Hankinson Street, which was known as \u201cHanky Park\u201d.\u00a0 The area was flattened in the 1960s and high-rise blocks of flats built in place of the old terraced houses.\u00a0 Today only a street called Hankinson Way remains.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HAPPY VALLEY<\/strong> is a 17-hectare nature reserve along the Ladybrook<\/strong> valley between Norbury<\/strong> and Womanscroft <\/strong>Bridge in Bramhall<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 Happy Valley<\/em> was a term applied to several areas Britain in Victoria<\/strong>n times as places where industrial workers could enjoy fresh air and a natural landscape.\u00a0 The name is thought to have been applied to the Ladybrook valley in the late 19th<\/sup> century, and is recorded in a report in a local newspaper in 1888.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HARBOUR CITY <\/strong>is an office and residential area in the regeneration area of Salford Quays<\/strong> alongside Erie Basin (formerly Wharf 9).\u00a0 It was originally planned in the 1980s but was not developed until the 1990s to be ready for the Harbour City Metrolink stop at Harbour City, which opened on 6 December 1999.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HARCLES HILL<\/strong> is a 371-metre flat-topped hill west of Ramsbottom<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is also known as Holcombe<\/strong> Hill and is capped by the Peel Monument<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1236 as Arkilis<\/em> or Arkeles hou<\/em>, from the Old Norse personal name, Arnkell<\/em>, + haugr<\/em>, meaning \u2018hill\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HARDY<\/strong> was a hamlet in south Manchester<\/strong> that was combined with nearby Chorlton<\/strong> to form Chorlton-cum-Hardy<\/strong>, i.e. Chorlton-with-Hardy.\u00a0 Hardy is recorded separately in 1555 as Hardey <\/em>and is said to mean either \u2018Hearda\u2019s island\u2019 from the Old English personal name Hearda<\/em> + \u0113g <\/em>(\u2018island, river meadow\u2019) or \u2018hard island\u2019 from Old English heard<\/em> + \u0113g<\/em>.\u00a0 Although some claim that the combined name occurs as early as 1700, the date is usually given as 1842 and is said to have been promoted by Victorian residential property developers to distinguish Chorlton from Chorlton-on-Medlock<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

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HARE HILL PARK <\/strong>is a 4-hectare public park in the centre of Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 It goes back to 1774, when Lawrence Newall purchased Town House, which was renamed Hare Hill House<\/em> at some point.\u00a0 The house was enlarged in 1870 but sold to Littleborough Urban District Council in 1900.\u00a0 The house became the town hall and the gardens became a public park.\u00a0 The name is believed to be literal \u2013 a hill<\/em> where hares<\/em> were found.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HARESHILL <\/strong>is a residential and commercial area of Heywood <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Hayshill<\/em> in 1847 and as Hareshill<\/em> in 1890.\u00a0 The name is thought to be quite literal, meaning \u2018the hill<\/em> where hares<\/em> are found\u2019, from Old English hara <\/em>+ hyll<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HARPER GREEN <\/strong>is a neighbourhood of Farnworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, about 20 kilometres north-west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is taken from the landowning Harper<\/em> or Harpur<\/em> family, who lived in the area in the 18th<\/sup> century and earlier.\u00a0 It is said that Green<\/em> comes not from the Old English gr\u0113ne<\/em>, meaning \u2018field, village green\u2019, but a bleaching green, a field used in textile manufacture where cloth was laid out to be bleached by the sun.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HARPURHEY<\/strong> is an inner-city suburb of the City of Manchester<\/strong>, about 5 kilometres north-east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1320 as Harpourley<\/em> and means \u2018Harpour\u2019s enclosure\u2019 from William Harpour<\/em>, who owned the area in the 14th<\/sup> century, + Old English hege<\/em> or h<\/em>\u00e6g<\/em>, meaning \u2018enclosure, hedge or hay\u2019.\u00a0 The area remained rural until the second quarter of the 19th<\/sup> century, when intensive cotton manufacture developed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HARRIDGE PIKE\u00a0<\/strong>is a 395-metre hill above the River Tame<\/strong> in Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded with its modern spelling in 1840 but may be older \u2013 perhaps a corruption of highridge<\/em>, from Old English h\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018high\u2019) + hrycg <\/em>(\u2018ridge\u2019) + pike <\/em>(\u2018pointed hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HARROP DALE, HARROP EDGE, HARROP GREEN <\/strong>and HARROP RIDGE<\/strong> are all rural localities to the north of Diggle<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>. \u00a0Harrop <\/em>is recorded with its modern spelling in 1274 and probably means \u2018hare\u2019s valley\u2019 from Old English hara<\/em> (\u2018hare\u2019) + hop<\/em> (\u2018small valley\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HARROP EDGE <\/strong>is a rural area west of Mottram in Longdendale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1360 as Harop<\/em>, as Harroppe Edge<\/em> in 1631 and with its modern spelling in 1831.\u00a0 It may mean \u2018ridge in hare\u2019s valley\u2019 from Old English hara<\/em> (\u2018hare\u2019) + hop<\/em> (\u2018small valley\u2019) + ecg<\/em> (\u2018ridge, escarpment\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HART COMMON <\/strong>is a village in Westhoughton <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1541 and would seem to refer to the local Hart <\/em>family, who lived in the area from the mid-15th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The family name is almost certainly taken from Old English heorot<\/em> (\u2018hart, stag\u2019) and indeed Hart Common golf club has a stag as its logo.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HARTSHEAD GREEN<\/strong>, originally HARTSHEAD<\/strong>, is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1200 as Hertesheud<\/em>, meaning \u2018hart\u2019s or deer\u2019s hill\u2019 from Old English heorot<\/em> (\u2018hart\u2019) + h\u0113afod<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019).\u00a0 The hill referred to is Hartshead Pike, which comes from the Old English pike <\/em>(\u2018pointed hill\u2019).\u00a0 The hill is thought to have been used as a beacon in mediaeval times and a tower was built near the top in 1751.\u00a0 The tower, or monument, was replaced in 1863 and now has a height of 290 metres.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HARWOOD<\/strong> and HARWOOD LEE<\/strong> are residential areas in northern Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded from 1212 as Harewode<\/em>, meaning \u2018grey wood\u2019, from Old English h<\/em>\u0101r <\/em>(\u2018grey, old\u2019) + wudu<\/em> (\u2018wood, forest, timber\u2019), or possibly \u2018wood where hares are found\u2019, from Old English hara<\/em> + wudu<\/em>.\u00a0 \u2018Lee\u2019 comes from Old English l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em>, meaning \u2018woodland clearing\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HASLAM PARK <\/strong>is a 2.2-hectare public park and nature reserve in Deane<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It lies on part of a large estate donated to the borough in 1908 by Mary Haslam<\/em> in memory of her father, John Haslam<\/em> (1823-1899), and his brother, Joseph, who had been born in Bolton in 1821.\u00a0 The Haslam brothers owned a cotton-manufacturing business in Preston.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HATHERLOW <\/strong>is a hamlet between Romiley <\/strong>and Bredbury<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The settlement dates from 1705, when non-conformists were evicted from Chadkirk <\/strong>and bought land in Hatherlow, opening their new chapel in 1706.\u00a0 The name means \u2018heather hill\u2019 from Old English h<\/em>\u01e3ddre <\/em>(\u2018heather\u2019) + hl<\/em>\u0101w <\/em>(\u2018hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HATHERSHAW\u00a0<\/strong>is a residential area in Oldham<\/strong>, just south of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1280 as Halselinechaw Clugh<\/em>, meaning \u2018heather-wood valley\u2019, from Old English h<\/em>\u01e3ddre <\/em>(\u2018heather\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018small wood, copse\u2019) + cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em> (\u2018ravine, valley\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HATTERSLEY <\/strong>is a residential area south of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, 16 kilometres east of Manchester.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1248 as Hattirsleg<\/em>, meaning \u2018wood of the stags\u2019, from Old English h\u0113ah-d\u0113or<\/em> (\u2018high deer\u2019 i.e. \u2018antlered-stag, hart\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018woodland, clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HAUGH<\/strong> is a small residential area east of Newhey<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1549 as le Halcht<\/em>, meaning \u2018enclosure\u2019, from the Old English halh<\/em> or haga<\/em>.\u00a0 Haugh gives its name to Haugh Brook, a tributary of Piethorne Brook<\/strong>, which feeds the six reservoirs of the Piethorne Valley.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HAUGHTON<\/strong> is a residential area of eastern Denton<\/strong>, often divided into Haughton Green in the north and Haughton Dale in the south, in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1307 as Halghton<\/em>, meaning \u2018settlement in a nook\u2019, from Old English halh<\/em> (\u2018corner, nook\u2019, often in reference to a hollow in a river bend) + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018village, enclosure\u2019), referring to the bend in the River Tame<\/strong>, which Haughton overlooks.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

HAULGH <\/strong>is a residential area in Bolton<\/strong>, often linked administratively and politically with Tonge<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1332 as Halgh<\/em>, from the Old English English halh<\/em> (\u2018corner, nook\u2019, often in reference to a hollow in a river bend), referring to the tongue (hence Tonge) of land between the Rivers Tonge <\/strong>and Croal<\/strong> on which both Tonge and Haulgh lie.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HAVELEY HEY <\/strong>was a rural area in Northern Etchells<\/strong> in Cheshire<\/strong> which was absorbed into Wythenshawe<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong> in the 1930s.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1318 as Alveleyhey<\/em>, meaning \u2018enclosure at \u00c6lfa\u2019s<\/em> clearing\u2019, from an Anglo-Saxon personal name + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018clearing\u2019) + haeg\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018enclosure\u2019).\u00a0 Today, the name is retained in a park, a school and a road in Benchill<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HAWK GREEN<\/strong> is a village south of Marple<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 A map of 1817 records the name as Half Green and this name survives in the street name Half Acre Terrace, presumably referring to a mediaeval farm or field.\u00a0 By 1840 the name was recorded as Hawk Green from the Old English hafoc<\/em> (\u2018hawk\u2019) + gr<\/em>\u0113ne<\/em>, recalling an older name of Hawk Field and suggesting an area where hawks were found or kept, perhaps for hunting.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HAWKLEY <\/strong>is a residential area on the southern edge of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1512 as Hawkley<\/em>, meaning \u2018hawk\u2019s glade\u2019, from Old English hafoc<\/em> (\u2018hawk\u2019) + l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018woodland, clearing\u2019).\u00a0 Hawkley shares its name with Hawkley Brook, a tributary of the River Douglas<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

HAWKSHAW <\/strong>is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1218 as Hauekesheghe<\/em>, meaning \u2018hawk wood\u2019, from the Old English hafoc<\/em> (\u2018hawk\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018small wood, copse\u2019).<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

HAZEL GROVE<\/strong> is a suburb in the south of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The village was originally called Bullock Smithy<\/strong>, but it got a reputation for unruly behaviour and in 1836 the name was changed to the more aspirational Hazel Grove<\/em>.\u00a0 There is disagreement as to whether the name literally means \u2018a grove where hazels grow\u2019 or whether it is a revival of an older name.\u00a0 The older name was Hesselgrove<\/em> or Hesselgrave<\/em>, which is recorded in 1690, a name meaning \u2018the gravel pit belonging to someone called Hesse<\/em>l\u2019.\u00a0 The name Hazel Grove was standardised in 1857 when the London & North Western Railway adopted it for the station built there.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HAZELHURST <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0There are at least three places named Hazelhurst in Greater Manchester \u2013 in Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong>, Ramsbottom <\/strong>and Swinton<\/strong> – all meaning \u2018hill covered with hazel trees\u2019, from Old English haesel<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018hazel-tree\u2019) + hyrst<\/em> (\u2018wooded hill\u2019).\u00a0 Hazelhurst in Swinton is a residential area in the City of Salford <\/strong>and was recorded in 1325 as Haselhirst.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEADY HILL <\/strong>is a village west of Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears on a map of 1785 and is said to derive from the old English heafod<\/em>, referring to a promontory or head<\/em>land, or a piece of land that is the source (\u2018head<\/em>\u2019) of a stream.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEALD GREEN<\/strong>\u00a0is a suburb of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears only in 1841 and was standardised when the London & North Western Railway opened a station there in 1909.\u00a0 The origins of the name are uncertain.\u00a0 One possibility is that it takes its name from Leuk del Helde<\/em>, who was living in the area in 1289 and whose family name may be derived from the Middle English helde<\/em>, meaning \u2018slope\u2019.\u00a0 Another theory is that the name comes from a heald<\/em> or heddle<\/em>, a weaving device that is first recorded in 1483.\u00a0 This theory is supported by the fact that there were known to be weavers\u2019 cottages in the area from the late 18th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEALDS GREEN <\/strong>is a small village north of Chadderton <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded from 1789, when a Methodist chapel was built there.\u00a0 The origin of the name is uncertain, but, given the terrain, may be from Old English helde<\/em>, meaning \u2018a steep slope\u2019.\u00a0 It has also been suggested that it could be an eponym:\u00a0 the village green belonging to someone called Heald<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEALEY,<\/strong> HEALEY DELL NATURE RESERVE <\/strong>and HEALEY NAB<\/strong>.\u00a0 Healey is an area of the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> which was formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded as Helei <\/em>in 1215 and means \u2018the high lea\u2019, from the Old English heah<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a high place, a height\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a glade, clearing\u2019).\u00a0 Nearby are the Healey Dell Nature Reserve, through which the River Spodden<\/strong> flows, and Healey Nab, a 208-metre hill that takes its name from the Old Norse nabbi<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a peak, a knoll, a hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEAP BRIDGE <\/strong>is an area in Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>, formerly part of Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Heap was a township on the south bank of the River Roch<\/strong> and is first recorded in 1278 as Hep<\/em> in 1226 and Hepe<\/em> in 1278.\u00a0 The name is taken from Old English h\u0113ap<\/em> meaning \u2018heap or pile\u2019 and, by extension, \u2018hill\u2019.\u00a0 Heap itself was absorbed into Heywood in 1894 but Heap Bridge survives as a locality.\u00a0 It is documented as Heipp brige<\/em> in 1551 and the original bridge was replaced by a stone bridge in 1884.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEATHFIELDS <\/strong>is a residential area east of Uppermill<\/strong> in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1724, although some of its buildings date from more than a century earlier.\u00a0 It means \u2018open fields in the heath\u2019 from Old English h<\/em>\u01e3th<\/em> + feld<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEATON\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>There are several Heatons in Greater Manchester<\/strong>, all meaning \u2018place on high land\u2019 and taking their names from the Old English h\u0113ah<\/em>, \u2018high\u2019 + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>, \u2018settlement\u2019.\u00a0 The name is first mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Hietun<\/em>, but this seems to refer to what is now Heaton-with-Oxcliffe in the Lune Valley in what is still Lancashire<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEATON <\/strong>or HEATON-UNDER-HORWICH <\/strong>is a residential area of the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The township was created in the 12th<\/sup> century and is recorded as Heton<\/em> in 1227 and Heton under Horewich<\/em> in 1332.\u00a0 The latter name was and is used to distinguish it from other Heatons in the region.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEATON CHAPEL <\/strong>is an area in Heaton Norris<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It received its name following the construction of St Thomas\u2019s Anglican church in 1765.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEATON MERSEY <\/strong>is the most western of the four Heatons in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, all north of the town itself.\u00a0 Heaton Mersey means \u2018farm or enclosure on the high land overlooking the River Mersey<\/em>\u2019, which rises in Stockport and formerly separated Lancashire<\/strong> from Cheshire<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEATON MOOR<\/strong> is one of the four Heatons in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 Heaton Moor Road<\/em> was part of Heaton Norris<\/strong> that still runs north-east towards the moors to the east of Stockport.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEATON NORRIS<\/strong> is a northern suburb of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> and the oldest of the four Stockport Heatons.\u00a0 It is recorded as Hetton<\/em> in 1196 and as Heton Norays <\/em>in 1282.\u00a0 Heaton<\/em> is derived from the Old English h\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018high\u2019) and –t<\/em>\u016bn <\/em>(farmstead), and Norris was a Norman landowner named William le Norreys<\/em>, who owned the land overlooking the River Mersey<\/strong> in 1162-1180.\u00a0 Heaton Norris originally covered all four of the Heatons, but three evolved with separate names \u2013 Heaton Chapel<\/strong>, Heaton Mersey<\/strong> and Heaton Moor<\/strong> \u2013 in the 18th<\/sup> and 19th<\/sup> centuries, and the separate names were standardised by their separate railway stations.<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

HEATON PARK<\/strong> is a 262-hectare public park \u2013 the largest in Greater Manchester<\/strong> and one of the largest in Britain.\u00a0 The park formerly formed the estate of Heaton Hall but was taken over by the City of Manchester<\/strong> and opened to the public in 1902.\u00a0 The park takes its name from the local township of Great Heaton, a name meaning \u2018place on high land\u2019, dating from about 1200, and is now a suburb of Bolton<\/strong> usually known simply as Heaton.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEAVILEY <\/strong>is a suburb of eastern Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1283 as Hethylegh<\/em>, meaning \u2018heathy clearing\u2019, from the Old English h<\/em>\u01e3thig<\/em> (\u2018heathy\u2019) + –l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018clearing\u2019).\u00a0 The meaning of the name suggests the origin of the settlement.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEBERS <\/strong>and TOP OF HEBERS <\/strong>are both residential areas in north-western Middleton <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 Hebers House dates from about 1750 and the Top of Hebers workhouse had been established by 1776.\u00a0 The name comes from the Heber<\/em> family, who were prominent landowners in the area and residents of Hollins<\/strong> Hall in the 17th<\/sup> and 18th<\/sup> centuries.\u00a0 A later member of the family, unconnected to Middleton, was Reginald Heber (1783-1826), the second Bishop of Calcutta.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEIGHTS <\/strong>is a hamlet formerly known as Friarmere<\/strong> overlooking Delph<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 The name describes its position about 366 metres above the Hull Brook<\/strong> valley and dates from the 18th<\/sup> century:\u00a0 in 1765 St Thomas\u2019s church was built in Friarmere and given the name Heights Chapel<\/em>, and in 1767 the Punch Bowl pub (later the Royal Oak) was opened and this was also known as Th\u2019 Heights<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEMPSHAW BROOK<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Goyt <\/strong>that was historically also known as Stockport Brook.\u00a0 It is thought to rise in Hazel Grove<\/strong> and to join the Goyt in Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1362 as Impeshagh <\/em>and with its modern spelling from 1842.\u00a0 It means \u2018sapling copse\u2019, from Old English impa <\/em>(\u2018young shoot, sapling\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HESKETH PARK <\/strong>is a small park in Cheadle Hulme<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is sited on land donated by William Bamford Hesketh<\/em>, who built the Hesketh Arms Hotel (originally called \u2018The Horse and Jockey\u2019) in Cheadle Hulme in 1864.\u00a0 The hotel later became a pub.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEY BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong> that rises south-east of Wigan<\/strong> close to Bamfurlong<\/strong>.\u00a0 It flows south-east to Pennington Flash Country Park<\/strong> and then east to become Pennington Brook, which joins the River Glaze<\/strong> near Lately Common in Warrington.\u00a0 Hey<\/em> comes from the Old English h<\/em>\u00e6g<\/em> meaning \u2018an enclosure\u2019 and is very common in place and street names across Greater Manchester<\/strong>, but it has not been possible to identify or date a particular hey<\/em> that gives its name to Hey Brook.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEYHEAD <\/strong>was a village in Northern Etchells<\/strong>, formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>, but was incorporated into the City of Manchester<\/strong> in 1931 and displaced by the expansion of Manchester International Airport<\/strong> in the 1990s.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the mid-17th<\/sup> century and means \u2018the top of an enclosure\u2019 from Old English h\u00e6g<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019) + h\u0113afod <\/em>(\u2018head, headland, end of a ridge\u2019).\u00a0 The last few houses were demolished in the 1990s and the name then disappeared from modern maps.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEYHEADS<\/strong> is in eastern Stalybridge <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but means \u2018the top of an enclosure\u2019, from Old English h<\/em>\u00e6g<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019) + h\u0113afod <\/em>(\u2018head, headland, end of a ridge\u2019), presumably referring to its position overlooking the valley of the River Tame<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEYROD<\/strong> is a village in the Stalybridge<\/strong> area of the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1246 as Heyerode<\/em>, meaning \u2018high clearing\u2019, from Old English heah<\/em> (\u2018high\u2019) + rodu <\/em>(\u2018clearing\u2019), describing the village\u2019s position in a forested area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEYSIDE <\/strong>is a residential area east of Royton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but the original settlement dates from the Middle Ages and means \u2018somewhere high (Old English h<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em>) on a hillside (side<\/em>)\u2019, referring to its position overlooking Royton.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEYWOOD <\/strong>is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and was formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1246 as Heghwode<\/em>.\u00a0 This name has been variously interpreted:\u00a0 the second element is clearly from the Old English wudu<\/em> \u2018wood\u2019, but the first element might be Old English h\u0113ah<\/em>, \u2018high\u2019 or hege, h<\/em>\u00e6g<\/em>, \u2018hedge\u2019, so that the name would mean either \u2018high woods\u2019 or \u2018enclosed or fenced wood\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGGINSHAW <\/strong>is an industrial area of north Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but it has been suggested that it means \u2018Richard\u2019s wood\u2019, from Higg<\/em> (a mediaeval diminutive of Richard) + sceaga<\/em> (‘wood, copse\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGH CROMPTON\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> CROMPTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER BARROWSHAW <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> BARROWSHAW<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER BLACKLEY \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0See<\/em> BLACKLEY<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER BOARSHAW <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> BOARSHAW<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER BROUGHTON\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> BROUGHTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER CRUMPSALL\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> CRUMPSALL<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER DUNISHBOOTH\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>DUNISHBOOTH<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER END<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> BILLINGE<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

HIGHER GREEN <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> ASTLEY <\/strong>and ASTLEY GREEN<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER HARTSHEAD\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> HARTSHEAD GREEN<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER HURST\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> HURST<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER INCE \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> INCE-IN-MAKERFIELD<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER NADEN RESERVOIR <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> NADEN<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER OPENSHAW \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0See<\/em> OPENSHAW<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER RUSHCROFT\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> RUSHCROFT<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER STAKE HILL <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> STAKEHILL <\/strong>or STAKE HILL<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER SUMMERSEAT\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> SUMMERSEAT<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER WOODHILL\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> WOODHILL<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER OGDEN\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> OGDEN<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER SWINESHAW RESERVOIR\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> SWINESHAW<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHFIELD, Farnworth,<\/strong> is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name describes the location and refers particularly to Highfield Farm<\/em>, which is recorded in the 19th<\/sup> century and remained as a working farm into the 1970s.\u00a0 Residential development of the area apparently dates from the 1930s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHFIELD, Pemberton, <\/strong>is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name literally describes the location, which overlooks Smithy Brook<\/strong> and the surrounding area.\u00a0 Some buildings in the area date back to the 16th<\/sup> century but it is uncertain when the area was given its name.\u00a0 Highfield was developed as an industrial and residential from the late 18th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGH LANE<\/strong> is a village on the Macclesfield Canal 8 kilometres south-east of Stockport<\/strong> and in Cheshire <\/strong>until 1974.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1690 as Ho Lane<\/em> and with its modern spelling in 1842.\u00a0 Its original meaning was \u2018the lane leading to the hill spur\u2019, from the Old English h<\/em>\u014dh <\/em>(\u2018a heel; a slightly projecting piece of ground\u2019) + lane<\/em> (\u2018secondary road\u2019).\u00a0 The \u2018hoe\u2019 is the small hill on which Disley in Cheshire stands and this element was gradually rationalised to \u2018high\u2019.\u00a0 The \u2018lane\u2019 is now the A6 Buxton Road.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGH RID RESERVOIR <\/strong>is a small reservoir some 5 kilometres west of Bolton<\/strong>, built in 1892 to supply water to the town.\u00a0 It takes its name from the nearby High Rid Farm<\/em>, which is recorded on the Ordnance Survey map of the area in the 1850s.\u00a0 The meaning of Rid<\/em> is uncertain, but suggestions are Old English r\u04efd<\/em>, meaning \u2018clearing\u2019, or dialect rigg<\/em>, \u2018ridge\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHTOWN <\/strong>is a residential area of the City of Manchester<\/strong> north of Cheetham<\/strong> and bordering on Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name seems to be modern and is difficult to find on maps before the 1950s.\u00a0 However, it is said to have been a centre for the Jewish community during the first half of the 20th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name is quite literal, referring to the higher ground above inner-city areas such as Strangeways<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HILL TOP <\/strong>or HILL TOP MOSS <\/strong>is a residential and recreational area of Walkden<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name seems to be taken from Hill Top Road<\/em>, which ascends from Worsley <\/strong>to Bolton <\/strong>and describes the landscape of the area.\u00a0 Hill Top Farm is shown on the 1848 Ordnance Survey map and Moss Pit colliery was recorded as being sunk \u2019near Hill Top\u2019 in 1799-1801.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HILTON HOUSE <\/strong>is a hamlet south of Horwich<\/strong> near Blackrod<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1838, although the country house itself is said to have been built in the late 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name was standardised when it was adopted as the name for a station by the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway in 1858.\u00a0 The house was originally owned by the Hilton<\/em> family, who had been prominent landowners in the area since the Middle Ages.\u00a0 The house was extended and converted into a hotel in 2006 and renamed \u2018The Georgian House\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HILTON PARK <\/strong>is a recreational and residential area south of Prestwich<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1838 with the building of Hilton House on Hilton Lane<\/em>, which takes its name from the Hilton<\/em> family, who had been landowners in the area in the Middle Ages.\u00a0 By 1857 the grounds of Hilton House were labelled as Hilton Park and, although the house had been demolished by 1932, the park remains, with much of it occupied by Prestwich golf course.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HINDLEY<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, about 5 kilometres east of Wigan town centre.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1212 as Hindele <\/em>and with its modern spelling in 1479.\u00a0 The name means \u2018wood or clearing of the hinds\u2019 from Old English hind <\/em>(\u2018hind, doe\u2019) + l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018clearing, meadow\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HINDS <\/strong>and LOWER HINDS <\/strong>are located beside the River Irwell<\/strong> and the Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal south of Elton <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 They are not well documented before the end of the 18th<\/sup> century:\u00a0 Hinds Mill was originally opened in the 1780s or perhaps earlier and Hinds Lane Wharf dates from the 1790s with the opening of the canal.\u00a0 The origin of the name is unclear:\u00a0 it could be an eponym but no Hind<\/em> or Hinds<\/em> family has been traced in the area, or, given the number of places named after deer in the north of Greater Manchester<\/strong>, it could be from Old English hind <\/em>(\u2018hind, doe\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HINDSFORD<\/strong> is a small residential area on the south-eastern edge of Atherton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the 1820s, when Hindsford House was built.\u00a0 Hindsford lies west of Hindsford Brook<\/em>, a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong> and the River Mersey<\/strong>, and presumably takes its name from the stream.\u00a0 Hindsford Brook was formerly known Goderic Brook after a Saxon saint, but it cannot be confirmed when the name was changed.\u00a0 The name means \u2018ford of the hinds or does\u2019 from Old English hind <\/em>+ ford.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOAR BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises on Broadhead Moss<\/strong> in the Peak District <\/strong>National Park in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows north-west through Hoar Clough<\/em> to meet North Brook<\/strong>, which then flows into Diggle Brook, meeting the Tame near Diggle<\/strong>.\u00a0 Hoar Clough is recorded on the Ordnance Survey map of 1843 and means \u2018grey (Old English h<\/em>\u0101r<\/em>) ravine (cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOCKERY BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Douglas<\/strong> which rises north of Hindley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, flows north-east and ultimately meets the Douglas.\u00a0 The name is a corruption of ocrie\/ochrey<\/em>, meaning \u2019like ochre<\/em>, yellowish\u2019 because it was stained yellow or orange by water pumped from iron mines in the area.\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HODGE FOLD<\/strong> and HODGE LANE DYE VATS<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0Hodge Fold is a rural area on the River Etherow<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1655 as Hodge Hall<\/em> and the Hodge Lane Dye Vats date from the late 18th<\/sup> century, when they were used for bleaching cloth at the Hodge Textile Works beside the Etherow.\u00a0 The origin of Hodge<\/em> is uncertain but may be an eponym:\u00a0 Hodge was a mediaeval shortening of Roger<\/em> that was originally used as a nickname for an agricultural labourer.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLCOMBE <\/strong>and HOLCOMBE BROOK<\/strong> are neighbouring villages in Ramsbottom<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 Both are situated on Holcombe Moor but take their name from the valley of Holcombe Brook \u2013 Old English hol<\/em> (\u2018hole, hollow\u2019) + cumb<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019) \u2013 found in 1236 as Holecumbam<\/em>, referring to the valley at the foot of nearby Holcombe Hill.\u00a0 On top of Holcombe Hill (also known as Harcles Hill<\/strong>) is Holcombe Tower, a monument to Sir Robert Peel<\/strong> (1788-1850), prime minister and founder of the modern police (the \u2018peelers\u2019), who was born in Bury.\u00a0 Holcombe Brook, a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong>, rises near Pot Green<\/strong> and flows south-east to join the Irwell at Brooksbottoms<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLDEN FOLD <\/strong>is a residential area of Royton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> where some of the earliest water-powered cotton mills were built in the 1790s.\u00a0 The name comes from the Holden<\/em> family, who are known to have settled as landowners in the 16th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The family were still operating cotton mills in the late 19th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLE BOTTOM BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irk<\/strong> that rises north of Hollinwood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and then joins Bower Brook<\/strong> in Failsworth<\/strong> to form Moston Brook<\/strong>, which eventually empties into the Irk near Smedley<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded on the first Ordnance Survey maps of the area in 1848-51 but is probably much older.\u00a0 It means \u2018the stream (Old English br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em>) flowing through a hollow (hol<\/em>) in the bottom (botm<\/em>) of the valley\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLLIN BROWN KNOLL <\/strong>is found on Saddleworth<\/strong> Moor in the Peak District <\/strong>National Park in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded on the Ordnance Survey map of 1843 but the derivation is not completely clear:\u00a0 Hollin<\/em> comes from the Old English holegn<\/em>, meaning \u2018holly\u2019, and knoll<\/em> from Old English cnoll<\/em>, \u2018hillock\u2019, but the meaning of Brown<\/em> is uncertain.\u00a0 It could literally mean \u2018brown\u2019 from Old English br<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>, but perhaps more likely is that it is from Old Norse br<\/em>\u00fan<\/em>, meaning \u2018brow, moor\u2019, so that the meaning would be something like \u2019the brow of the hill where holly is found\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLLINGWORTH <\/strong>is a village north-east of Hyde<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, about 20 kilometres east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Holisurde<\/em> and with its modern spelling by the end of the 13th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It means \u2018an enclosure or homestead surrounded by holly trees\u2019, from Old English holegn<\/em> + worth<\/em>.\u00a0 \u00a0Hollingworth gives its name to Hollingworth Brook, which flows south into Hollingworth Lake<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLLINGWORTH LAKE<\/strong> is a reservoir and country park in Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, which is fed from the north by Hollingworth Brook and its tributaries.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1278 as Holyenworth<\/em> and with its modern spelling in 1843.\u00a0 The 53-hectare reservoir was originally built in 1800 to supply the Rochdale Canal, but was later developed as a recreational and tourist facility.\u00a0 It means \u2018an enclosure or homestead surrounded by holly trees\u2019, from Old English holegn<\/em> + worth<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLLINS, Bury<\/strong>, along with HOLLINS VALE<\/strong> and HOLLINS BROOK<\/strong>, all lie north-west of Unsworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 Hollins itself is a suburb of Bury, south of the town centre, Hollins Vale is a local nature reserve with woodland planted in 1848-93, and Hollins Brook is a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1756, when a Jacob Fletcher leased an estate known as The Hollins.<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0 Like many other places formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>, it is derived from Old English holegn<\/em>, meaning \u2018holly trees\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLLINS <\/strong>and HOLLINS GREEN, Oldham, <\/strong>are localities south and south-west of the town.\u00a0 They share their name with other places that are or were in Lancashire<\/strong>, all derived from Old English holegn<\/em>, meaning \u2018holly trees\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLLINS, Rochdale,<\/strong> is a residential area in north-west Middleton.<\/strong> The name is recorded in 1843 and is derived from Old English holegn<\/em>, meaning \u2018holly trees\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The HOLLINS, Wigan <\/strong>is residential area of Hindley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the parsonage that was built there in the mid-18th<\/sup> century and means \u2018the holly trees\u2019 from Old English holegn.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLLINWOOD<\/strong> is a residential area of Oldham<\/strong>, south-west of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1713, when Hollinwood Moor was divided between Oldham and Chadderton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name means \u2018holly wood\u2019, from the Old English holegn<\/em> (\u2018holly\u2019) + wudu<\/em> (\u2018wood, forest\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLLY GROVE<\/strong> is a hamlet south-east of Diggle<\/strong> in the Saddleworth<\/strong> area of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1272 as Holyngreue<\/em>, as Hollingreave<\/em> in 1723, and as Hollin Grove<\/em> in 1771.\u00a0 The name means \u2018holly copse\u2019 or \u2018holly thicket\u2019 from the Old English holegn<\/em> + gr\u0101f<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLLYWOOD END <\/strong>is a hamlet north of Mellor <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1433 as Holywodehede<\/em> but as Hollywood End<\/em> by 1650.\u00a0 Hollywood literally means \u2018wood of holly trees\u2019, from Old English holegn<\/em> + wudu.\u00a0 <\/em>The original -hede<\/em> would probably come from the Old English heafod<\/em>, which could mean \u2018headland\u2019 but, as the hamlet lies at the top of Hollywood Road, it is more likely that it would mean just \u2018end, top\u2019 of the road.\u00a0 This meaning would fit with the later and modern rendering of Hollywood End, again meaning \u2018end or top of Hollywood Road\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLLYWOOD PARK<\/strong> is a 4.9-hectare public park in Edgeley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally the grounds of Hollywood House<\/em>, a country house built in the late 18th<\/sup> or early 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The house itself was demolished in 1897 but the grounds were opened to the public in 1893.\u00a0 The name is taken from the holly <\/em>that is common in much of Greater Manchester<\/strong> and which is celebrated in so many place names.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLME BROOK <\/strong>and HOLME CLOUGH\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Holme Brook is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises in West Yorkshire<\/strong> in the Peak District <\/strong>National Park and flows west through Holme Clough to join Greenfield<\/strong> Brook, which then goes on to meet the Tame.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1468 as Holme-clogh-hede<\/em>, meaning \u2018the head (Old English h<\/em>\u0113afod<\/em>) of the deep valley (Old English cl\u014dh<\/em>) with river meadows (Old Scandinavian holmr<\/em>, \u2018raised ground in a marsh, river meadow\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLT LANE END<\/strong> is a residential area on the edge of Failsworth<\/strong> at the end<\/em> of Holt Lane<\/em> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1865, when the Macedonia Church established a Sunday School there.\u00a0 The origin of the name is uncertain.\u00a0 One theory is that Holt Lane is named after David Holt<\/em> (c.1764-1846), who may have built a cotton mill near Failsworth at the end of the 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 However, no cotton mills are shown on 19th<\/sup>-century maps of the area and the presence of Holt Lane Farm confirms that it was still a rural area.\u00a0 According to the second theory, the name is derived from the Old English holt<\/em>, meaning \u2018wood, thicket\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLTS <\/strong>is a residential area south-east of Oldham<\/strong>, east of the River Medlock<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is said that the area is named after the Holt<\/em> family, who were landowners in the area from the 17th<\/sup> century and who may have been related to the Holts of Rochdale<\/strong>, who purchased property in Spotland<\/strong> and Naden<\/strong> in the 1530s.\u00a0 In the 19th<\/sup> century they owned Holts Mill, which processed cotton waste for explosives.\u00a0 The mill closed in 1918 and the Holts estate was built in the 1950s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLT TOWN<\/strong> is an inner-city area of eastern Manchester<\/strong> within a bend on the River Medlock<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from David Holt <\/em>(c.1764-1846), who established a complex of mills and workers\u2019 housing in 1785 in what was then a rural area.\u00a0 Holt went bankrupt but the name Holt Town persisted.\u00a0 Holt Town is now planned as a regeneration area by the City of Manchester<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOME <\/strong>is an arts centre with cinemas and theatres close to Manchester<\/strong> city centre, opened in 2015.\u00a0 Before the opening, a survey was carried out to choose a name and the results showed that \u2018Home<\/em><\/a>\u00a0<\/em>was a word which recurred often when people were asked what the new organisation should be \u2013 a second home, somewhere you feel at home, the home of great work\u2019.\u00a0 Outside is a statue of Friedrich Engels (1820-1895) to commemorate his contribution to exposing \u2018The Condition of the Working Class in England\u2019, a book he wrote in Manchester in 1842-1844.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HONKSFORD BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises north of Mosley Common<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and flows south-west to join Ellenor Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented.\u00a0 One possibility is that it is an eponym, taking its name from a ford<\/em> on land owned by someone called Honk<\/em>, but this cannot be confirmed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOOLEY BRIDGE<\/strong> is a small village on the banks of the River Roch<\/strong> near Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but it is clear that the village takes its name from a bridge over the Roch that dates back at least as far as 1718.\u00a0 However, an earlier document refers to Wooley Bridge<\/em>, which was repaired in about 1635.\u00a0 There are several places named Wooley or Woolley and it is said that the name usually means \u2018wolves\u2019 wood or clearing\u2019, from Old English wulfa <\/em>(\u2018of wolves\u2019) + –l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018wood or clearing\u2019).\u00a0 Wolves are generally thought to have become extinct in England by about the start of the 16th<\/sup> century, and the last were found in the forests of Lancashire<\/strong> and the Derbyshire<\/strong> Peak District<\/strong>, so that wolves might well have been found in the Roch valley in mediaeval times.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOOLEY HILL<\/strong> is a locality in Audenshaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but it is recorded in 1795 as a village where several people were employed in hat manufacture, and various mills and factories were established in the 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The origin of the name is not clear but it is possible that it is an eponym as the family name Hooley<\/em> was quite common in Lancashire <\/strong>and Derbyshire<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOOTEN GARDENS <\/strong>is modern residential area on the south-eastern edge of Leigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Hooten Lane<\/em>, which was formerly called Lancashires Lane after a local family.\u00a0 The derivation of Hooten is undocumented but it would seem to be a variation of Houghton, meaning \u2018farm on a spur of a hill\u2019, from Old English h<\/em>\u014dh<\/em> + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOPE<\/strong> is a locality in Eccles<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded as Le Hope<\/em> in the 13th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It is taken from the Old English hop<\/em>, meaning \u2018a remote valley\u2019 and indeed Gilda Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the Irwell<\/strong>, flows through the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOPE MILL THEATRE<\/strong> is located in the Ancoats <\/strong>area of the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is situated in Hope Mill, a cotton and fustian mill originally built in 1824 by Joseph Clarke and said to have been named after his wife, Anne Hope<\/em> Ames.\u00a0 The mill was derelict by the mid-20th<\/sup> century but was then redeveloped as a heritage site and reopened as Hope Mill Theatre in November 2015.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

HOPWOOD <\/strong>is a suburb of Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1278 as Hopwode <\/em>and is thought to mean \u2018wooded valley\u2019 or \u2018wood in a valley\u2019, derived from Old English hop<\/em> (\u2018remote valley\u2019) + wudu<\/em> (\u2018wood, forest\u2019).\u00a0 Hopwood is located in Hopwood Clough, which is just such a wooded valley.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HORRIDGE BROOK <\/strong>is (or was) a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The stream rises in Farnworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong> and flows east and north-east for 424 metres to meet the Irwell near Prestolee<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the mid-19th<\/sup> century but it may mean \u2018brook by the muddy ridge\u2019 from Old English horu<\/em> (\u2018dirt, filth\u2019) + ric<\/em> (\u2018narrow ridge\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HORROCKS <\/strong>is an area of Manchester<\/strong> north-east of the city centre, west of the River Irk<\/strong>.\u00a0 At one time it was divided between Great Horrocks and Little Horrocks, but only Great Horrocks appears on modern maps.\u00a0 The name is found first in 1836 with the opening of Dolphin public baths in Horrocks in Red Bank<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is said to come from Old English hurrock<\/em>, meaning \u2018a piled-up heap of loose stones or rubbish\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HORROCKS\u2019 FLASH <\/strong>is a small man-made lake near Platt Bridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> that forms one of the seven \u2018flashes\u2019 of Wigan Flashes Nature Reserve.\u00a0 <\/strong>The flashes were all formed by mining subsidence at the beginning of the 20th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Horrocks\u2019 Flash was used for waste tipping until the late 1980s but was then redeveloped and was opened as part of Wigan Flashes Nature Reserve in 2022.\u00a0 The origin of the name is uncertain and is not recorded on maps until about 1950.\u00a0 It has been said that Horrocks\u2019 Flash was named after a local fisherman but it is more likely that Horrocks<\/em> was a local landowner.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HORROCKS FOLD<\/strong> is a hamlet in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, north of Sharples <\/strong>and on the edge of the Pennine moors.\u00a0 It takes its name from Horrocks Fold Farm<\/em>, which probably dates from the early 17th<\/sup> century, which comes from the Old English hurrock<\/em>, meaning \u2018a heap of stones\u2019, probably referring to the sandstone found in the quarries nearby.\u00a0 The name is shared with Horrocks Wood on the slopes of Winter Hill<\/strong>, and Horrocks Scout, a promontory on Smithills<\/strong> Moor.\u00a0 Scout <\/strong>comes from the Old Norse skiitt<\/em>, meaning \u2018jutting rock\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HORWICH <\/strong>is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, some 24 kilometres north-west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is found in 1221 as Horewic<\/em>, from the Old English h<\/em>\u0101r <\/em>(\u2018grey, hoary\u2019) + wice<\/em> (\u2018wych elm\u2019).\u00a0 The area was forested in mediaeval times, so that Horwich would mean \u2018the place of the grey wych elms\u2019.\u00a0 An alternative derivation is the Old English horu<\/em> + w<\/em>\u012bc<\/em>, meaning \u2018dirty farm\u2019, perhaps because of the dark, peaty streams coming off the moors.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOSKER\u2019S NOOK <\/strong>is a residential area of Westhoughton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1841 as Hoscars Nook farm and is said to be named after the Hosker<\/em> family \u2013 Richard Hosker and Nicholas Hosker were both resident in the area in 1664 and 1678 respectively.\u00a0 Nook<\/em> comes from the Middle English n<\/em>\u014dk<\/em>, meaning \u2018a nook of land, especially a triangular plot\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOUGH END <\/strong>is a locality bordering Chorlton-cum-Hardy<\/strong> and Withington<\/strong> along Chorlton Brook, which runs through a ravine called Hough End Clough.\u00a0 The name occurs in 1323 as del Hogh<\/em> and with its modern spelling of Hough End<\/em> in 1587.\u00a0 The name comes from the Old English h<\/em>\u014dh <\/em>(\u2018heel of land\u2019) + ende <\/em>(\u2019border, boundary\u2019) + cl<\/em>\u014dh <\/em>(\u2018steep valley, ravine\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOULDSWORTH MODEL VILLAGE<\/strong> was an industrial housing estate in Reddish<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 1863-1865 and named after and by Sir William Henry Houldsworth <\/em>(1834-1917) for the workers at his Houldsworth mill, at the time the largest cotton mill in the world.\u00a0 The area is now undergoing regeneration, retaining the Houldsworth name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOWARTH CROSS <\/strong>is a residential area of Rochdale <\/strong>north-east of the town centre, west of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Howord<\/em> and Haword<\/em> in about 1200 and is believed to be either an eponym derived an Old English or Old Norse personal name, or a topographical name derived from the Old English h<\/em>\u014dh<\/em> (\u2018hill spur, heel of land\u2019) + worth<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019).\u00a0 The original cross is believed to have been erected in about 1645 so that a temporary market could be held there during the \u2018Black Plague\u2019 of Rochdale, but it has long since been built over.\u00a0 Great Howarth is north-west of Howarth Cross.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOWE BRIDGE<\/strong> is a residential area of Atherton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the Howe <\/em>railway bridge<\/em>, which was opened by the London & North Western Railway on 1 September 1864.\u00a0 The settlement was developed in 1873-1875 when the Fletcher coal mining company built a model village near the bridge.\u00a0 The name was standardised in 1901 when the LNWR changed the name of the local station from Chowbent <\/strong>to Howe Bridge.\u00a0 There are two suggestions for the origin on the name.\u00a0 One is that it is an older settlement named Howe, from the Old English h<\/em>\u014dh<\/em> meaning \u2018heel or spit of land\u2019 or Old Scandinavian haugr<\/em> (\u2018hill, mound\u2019).\u00a0 The second, less likely, refers to the construction method of the bridge, which may be a Howe truss, invented by William Howe<\/em> of Massachusetts in 1840.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOYLES PARK<\/strong> is 3.35-hectare public park in the Chesham<\/strong> area of Bury<\/strong>, approximately 2.4 kilometres east of the town centre.\u00a0 It was opened in 1888 on land donated by Henry Whitehead and takes its name from the local Hoyle <\/em>family – Joshua Hoyle (1796-1859) established a firm of cotton manufacturers in Summerseat<\/strong>, while son Isaac Hoyle (1828-1911) inherited the mill and was a Liberal politician and M.P. for Heywood<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HULL BROOK<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that flows out of Castleshaw <\/strong>Lower Reservoir and then flows south-west to join the Tame in Delph<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1843, although the settlement of Hull and Hull Mill, which was presumably powered by water from Hull Brook, are recorded in 1787.\u00a0 Like the city of Kingston upon Hull in the East Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong>, Hull is derived from the Old English hyll<\/em>, meaning \u2018hill\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HULLET HOLE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Douglas<\/strong> which rises east of Shevington<\/strong> Vale in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and flows to meet Calico Brook<\/strong>, which then flows westward to meet the Douglas in Appley Bridge in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but hullet<\/em> is said to mean \u2018owlet\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HULME<\/strong> is an inner-city residential area just south of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1246 as Hulm<\/em>, meaning \u2018an island\u2019, from the Old Norse holmr.<\/em>\u00a0 This refers to its position as an area of raised ground amid the marshes formed by the waters of the rivers Irk<\/strong>, Medlock<\/strong> and Corn Brook<\/strong> that surround it.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HULTON <\/strong>was a district originally consisting of three ancient townships \u2013 Great or Over Hulton, Middle Hulton and Little or Nether Hulton.\u00a0 The name was recorded as Helghton <\/em>and Hulton<\/em> in 1235 but only Over Hulton in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong> and Little Hulton in the City of Salford<\/strong> remain today.\u00a0 The spelling Hilton<\/em> was also used from an early date and this spelling reveals the meaning of the name \u2013 \u2018settlement on a hill\u2019 from Old English hyll<\/em> + t<\/em>\u016bn.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HUMPHREY PARK <\/strong>is a residential area of Urmston<\/strong> in Manchester<\/strong> built in 1937-38.\u00a0 It was built off Humphrey Lane, which is said to have been named after Sir Humphrey<\/em> de Trafford (1808-1886) of Trafford<\/strong> Hall.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HUNDERSFIELD<\/strong> is an area east of Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale <\/strong>that does not usually appear on modern maps.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1202 as Hunnordesfeld<\/em>, meaning \u2018the field of Hunworth\u2019.\u00a0 Hunworth<\/em> is thought to be the name of an old but now lost place in the area, the name of which was formed by the Anglo-Saxon personal name Huna<\/em> + worth<\/em> (\u2018enclosure, enclosed settlement\u2019).\u00a0 Feld<\/em> (\u2018field, tract of land\u2019) was later added to signify it was \u2018the area surrounding Hunsworth\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HUNGER HILL<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0There are several places called Hunger Hill in England and Scotland.\u00a0 In some cases, the name seems to derive from the Old English hungor<\/em>, meaning \u2018hunger, famine\u2019 in reference to a place where animals went hungry because of poor pasture.\u00a0 In other cases, it means \u2018a sloping wood\u2019 from Old English hangra<\/em>.\u00a0 Hunger Hill in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong> is a hill and residential area.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1770 but the origin of the name in this case is disputed, but most sources suggest that the original name was Hanger Hill and that the \u2018sloping wood\u2019 meaning is more likely.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HUNT\u2019S BANK <\/strong>today is a short street beside Victoria Station<\/strong> in Manchester<\/strong> \u2013 all that remains of a district that dates back to the Middle Ages.\u00a0 The origin of the name is uncertain.\u00a0 It is certain that a Hunt<\/em> family lived in the area from the 14th<\/sup> century and later built Hunt Hall<\/em>.\u00a0 The area may also have been the location of older hunting<\/em> grounds, which could be the original derivation.\u00a0 The \u2018Bank\u2019 refers to the steep banks<\/em> of the River Irwell<\/strong> at this point, and it was here that the Mersey and Irwell Navigation terminated in 1724.\u00a0 In 1843, the Liverpool & Manchester Railway extended its line into central Manchester and built a new terminus that was to have been called Hunt\u2019s Bank, but the station -name was changed to Victoria <\/strong>in honour of the Queen.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HURST <\/strong>is a suburb and parliamentary constituency in Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside <\/strong>which was formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Hurst here is derived from the Old English hyrst<\/em>, meaning \u2018wooded hill\u2019.\u00a0 Hurst in Ashton-under-Lyne lies on high ground above the River Medlock<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HURST CROSS <\/strong>is a small area of Hurst <\/strong>in Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> and also the home of Ashton United football club\u2019s stadium since 1879.\u00a0 A large stone cross<\/em> was erected there 1868 but the name apparently pre-dates this and probably comes from its position around a crossroad<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HURSTEAD<\/strong> is a residential area of Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale.\u00a0 <\/strong>It is recorded from the 13th<\/sup> century as Housetedes<\/em>, meaning \u2018a homestead, the site of a building\u2019, from the Old English h<\/em>\u016bs<\/em> (\u2018house\u2019) + stede<\/em> (\u2018place, site\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HURSTHEAD <\/strong>is a residential area of Cheadle Hulme<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1831 as Hirsthead<\/em>, but the name is probably older, coming from the Old English hyrst <\/em>(\u2018wooded hill\u2019) + h\u0113afod<\/em> (\u2018headland\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HYDE<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, 10 kilometres east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the early 13th<\/sup> century as Hida<\/em> and comes from the Old English h<\/em>\u012bd<\/em>, meaning \u2018one hide of land\u2019, i.e. the amount of ploughed land that could support one family or household (estimated at about 50 hectares).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
I<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
IMPERIAL WAR MUSEUM <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford <\/strong>overlooking the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> is the northern branch of the Imperial War Museum.\u00a0 The museum was originally opened in London in 1920 and the name \u2018Imperial\u2019 was chosen to reflect the contribution to World War I of all countries of what was then the British Empire.\u00a0 Imperial War Museum North opened in July 2002 in a building designed by the Polish-Jewish architect Daniel Libeskind, who envisaged it as a \u2018constellation of three interlocking shards\u2019 representing a shattered globe.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u201cIMPOSSIBLE BRIDGE\u201d <\/strong>See <\/em>COLLYHURST FOOTBRIDGE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
INCE-IN-MAKERFIELD<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0There are several places call Ince<\/em> in Britain, all derived from the Celtic ynys<\/em> meaning \u2018dry land, island\u2019.\u00a0 In order to distinguish them, some have been given a second name.\u00a0 Ince-in-Makerfield is a suburb of Wigan<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan and the name simply means that this Ince is part of neighbouring Makerfield<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded as Ines<\/em> in 1202 and Ins in Makerfield<\/em> in 1332.\u00a0 The \u2018dry land\u2019 refers to its position above Ince Brook, a tributary of the River Douglas<\/strong>, and the surrounding swamp.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River IRK<\/strong> is a tributary of the Irwell<\/strong> that rises east of Royton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham and then flows west to Rawtenstall in Lancashire<\/strong>, before flowing south to join the Irwell in the centre of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as the Irk <\/em>in 1322.\u00a0 The origin of the name is unclear but it may be related to the Irwell and mean \u2018the angry or winding little river\u2019 from the Old English irre<\/em> (\u2018angry, wandering, winding\u2019) + –uc <\/em>(\u2018little\u2019).\u00a0 An alternative suggestion is that it comes from the Celtic iwrch <\/em>meaning \u2018roebuck\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
IRLAM<\/strong>\u00a0is a suburb of the City of Salford<\/strong> that lies on the north bank of the River Irwell <\/strong>at its confluence with the River Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in about 1190 as Urwelham<\/em> or Irwellham<\/em>, meaning \u2019village by the River Irwell\u2019, from the Old English irre<\/em> (\u2018angry, wandering\u2019) + wella<\/em> (\u2018stream\u2019) + h<\/em>\u0101m<\/em> (\u2018village, homestead\u2019).\u00a0 This original form of the name makes its location by the river clear, but some transparency was lost by 1574, when the name had been reduced to Irelam<\/em>.<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

IRLAMS O’ TH’ HEIGHT <\/strong>is a suburb of the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name seems to have developed in two stages.\u00a0 A village called the Height<\/em> (Old English h\u0113ah + th<\/em>) is recorded in 1180 in the parish of Eccles<\/strong> on high ground above Pendleton.<\/strong>\u00a0 Then, in the 17th<\/sup> and 18th<\/sup> centuries, the Pack Horse Inn in the village was run by members of the Irlam<\/em> family, so that the area became known as Irlams o\u2019 th\u2019 Height<\/em>, i.e. Irlams on the Height.\u00a0 The name was maintained during the 19th<\/sup> century as the village was occupied by handloom weavers and standardised when the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway opened Irlams o\u2019 th\u2019 Height station in 1888.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River IRWELL <\/strong>is the most important tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises near Bacup in Lancashire<\/strong> and meanders 63 kilometres south-west to join the Mersey at Irlam<\/strong>.\u00a0 It flows through the cities of Manchester<\/strong> and Salford<\/strong>, forming the boundary between them.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1190 as the Urewel<\/em>, meaning \u2018winding stream\u2019, from the Old English irre<\/em> (\u2018angry, wandering\u2019) + wella<\/em> (\u2018stream\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ISLINGTON\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>See<\/em> NEW ISLINGTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
J<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JACKSON<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0See<\/em> NEW JACKSON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JACKSON\u2019S BRIDGE<\/strong> is a footbridge over the River Mersey<\/strong> in Sale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 A timber bridge was built in 1816 and this was replaced by a wrought-iron one in 1881.\u00a0 The bridge, and a nearby pub called Jackson\u2019s Boat Inn, take their names from a local farmer called Jackson<\/em> who, in the 1730s, started a ferry service across the Mersey at this point.\u00a0 The area nearby is known as Jackson\u2019s Boat Ees, meaning \u2018the land beside Jackson\u2019s ferry liable to flooding\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JENNY GREEN <\/strong>is an area to the west of Irlam<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1865-66 with the building of St John the Baptist church.\u00a0 The origin of the name is uncertain but may parallel that of the \u2018Spinning Jenny\u2019, invented by James Hargreaves in 1783.\u00a0 The spinning jenny is sometimes said to be named after Hargreaves\u2019 wife or daughters, but none was actually named Jennifer<\/em>.\u00a0 In the same way, Jenny Green may also be eponymous, but no candidate has been identified.\u00a0 A more likely possibility for both the spinning jenny and Jenny Green is that \u2018jenny\u2019 is short for engine<\/em>, and it is known that drainage engines were in use in the area around Irlam <\/strong>and Cadishead<\/strong> in the late 18th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JERICHO <\/strong>is a residential area of Bury<\/strong> that is said to be named after the Biblical city of Jericho <\/em>(Hebrew for \u2018scented, fragrant place\u2019) on the West Bank of the Jordan when John Wesley (1703-1791) preached in Birtle<\/strong> in 1778.\u00a0 There seems to be no documentary of evidence for this, but the local Methodists gave the name to their new chapel in 2003.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JJB STADIUM \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> The BRICK COMMUNITY STADIUM<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JOHN LEIGH PARK<\/strong> is a 5-hectare area of parkland in the Broadheath <\/strong>district of Altrincham<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>. \u00a0Oldfield<\/strong> House and the land on which it stood were purchased in 1916 by John Leigh<\/em> and initially used as a military hospital.\u00a0 In 1917 he donated the land to Altrincham District Council for use as a park in memory of his father.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JOHN RYLANDS LIBRARY <\/strong>is a research institute and library on Deansgate<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was established in 1900 by Enriqueta Augustina Rylands (1843-1908) in memory of her husband, John Rylands<\/em> (1801-1888), who was the largest textile manufacturer in Britain and a great philanthropist.\u00a0 In 1972 it became part of the University of Manchester.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

JOHNSON FOLD<\/strong> is a residential area of western Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is taken from Johnson Fold Farm<\/em>, which dates back to the 17th<\/sup> century, when the Earl of Derby gifted land to the Johnson family.\u00a0 Bolton Corporation bought the farm in the early 1930s and built a housing estate, originally called the Montserrat<\/strong> estate, which was expanded in the early 1950s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JUBILEE <\/strong>is a village in Shaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> which claims to be the only settlement with this name in the UK.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the 19th<\/sup> century – the Jubilee pub was built in 1810 and the Jubilee Colliery was opened in 1845.\u00a0 It is unclear which jubilee is commemorated in the village\u2019s name \u2013 George III was the first monarch to celebrate a jubilee when there were festivities for the 50th<\/sup> year of his reign in 1809, but the term was used more generally before that date and perhaps the village is named for another anniversary.\u00a0 The mine was closed in 1932 and the site has been converted into the Jubilee Colliery Nature Reserve.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JUBILEE MARKET <\/strong>and JUBILEE PARK, Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The original Jubilee Market or Jubilee Fountain Market was built by the Oldham Industrial Co-operative Society in 1888 and named to commemorate Queen Victoria\u2019s Golden Jubilee <\/em>in 1887.\u00a0 It was announced in 2023 that it would be demolished and the space used to form part of a new 2.2-hectare linear park named Jubilee Park in honour of the Platinum Jubilee<\/em> of Queen Elizabeth II in that year.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JUBILEE PARK<\/strong> is a 4.7-hectare public park in the centre of Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale.<\/strong>\u00a0 It was opened in 1889 and named to celebrate the Golden (i.e. 50 years) Jubilee<\/em> of Queen Victoria<\/strong>\u2019s reign in 1887.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JUMBLES COUNTRY PARK\u00a0<\/strong>is a large country park surrounding Jumbles Reservoir in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name for the area outside Bolton seems to have been in use since at least the mid-19th<\/sup> century, but a reservoir was built and opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 1971.\u00a0 The surrounding area was declared a country park in 1973.\u00a0\u00a0 The name is a corruption of the Old English dumbel<\/em>, meaning \u2018a deep hollow, a ravine\u2019 and describes the valley of Bradshaw<\/strong> Brook, which flows into and out of Jumbles Reservoir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JUMBO<\/strong> is an area of Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1781 and it has been suggested that it may have an exotic origin related to mumbo-jumbo<\/em> or even Jumbo<\/em> the elephant.\u00a0 It actually comes from the Old English jumb<\/em>, meaning \u2018a deep pool in a stream\u2019 and jumbel<\/em> or dumbel<\/em>, meaning \u2018a deep hollow, a ravine\u2019, describing Wince Brook<\/strong>, which flows through the area.<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

JUNCTION<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0See <\/em>MIDDLETON JUNCTION<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
K<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KAY GARDENS <\/strong>is a small public park in central Bury<\/strong>, originally opened in 1908.\u00a0 It commemorates John Kay<\/em> (1704-c.1780-81), the inventor of the flying shuttle which transformed the textile industry, who was born in Walmersley<\/strong>, north of Bury.\u00a0 The park includes a monument to Kay, \u2018whose invention in the year 1733 of the fly shuttle
\nquadrupled human power in weaving\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KEARSLEY<\/strong> is a town on the River Croal<\/strong> where it meets the Irwell<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1187 as Cherselawe<\/em> but the modern spelling can be seen in Kersleie<\/em>, found in about 1220.\u00a0 It means \u2018place where watercress grows\u2019 from c<\/em>\u00e6rse<\/em> (\u2018watercress\u2019) + hl<\/em>\u01e3w <\/em>(\u2018mound\u2019) or l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018clearing, water meadow\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KEMPNOUGH BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong> that runs south-east through Roe Green<\/strong> in Worsley <\/strong>in the City of Salford<\/strong> and flows into the Irwell in Salford.\u00a0 It takes its name from Kempnough Hall<\/em>, a country house dating from the 14th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name means \u2018warrior\u2019s nook\u2019, from Old English cempa (\u2018warrior, champion\u2019) + nough <\/em>(corruption of northern dialect haugh<\/em>, \u2018piece of flat alluvial land beside a river\u2019)\u2019.\u00a0 Kempnough Hall survives and has recently been restored.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KENWORTHY <\/strong>is a residential area of the City of Manchester<\/strong>, west of Northenden<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1286 as Kenworthin<\/em>, meaning \u2018C<\/em>\u0113na\u2019s<\/em> enclosure\u2019, from an Anglo-Saxon personal name + Old English worth <\/em>or worthign <\/em>(\u2018enclosed settlement\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KENYON<\/strong> is a village, partly in Cheshire<\/strong> and partly in Greater Manchester<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1212 as Kenien<\/em>, meaning \u2018Enion\u2019s mound\u2019 from the Celtic cr<\/em>\u016bg<\/em> (\u2018hill, mound\u2019) + the personal name Eni<\/em>\u014dn<\/em>, and referring to a Bronze Age barrow that may have been erected there.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KENYON FOLD<\/strong> is a residential area close to the River Roch<\/strong> south of Bamford<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The place is not well documented before 1765 but it seems likely that it means \u2018the animal enclosure (Old English falod<\/em>) belonging to someone called Kenyon\u2019.\u00a0 The Kenyons<\/em> were a prominent local family and Richard Kenyon, described as \u2018a local farmer\u2019, built a water-powered fulling mill on the Roch at nearby Crimble<\/strong> in 1750.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KERSAL <\/strong>is a suburb of the City of Salford<\/strong>, about 5 kilometres north-west of Manchester <\/strong>city centre.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1142 as Kereshala<\/em>, meaning \u2018the nook where cress grows\u2019, from Old English cerse<\/em> (\u2018watercress\u2019) + halh<\/em> (\u2018nook or corner of land\u2019).\u00a0 The nook would seem to refer to the bend in the River Irwell<\/strong> where Kersal is located.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KICKETY BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong> that rises south of Stretford<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> and flows east and then south to empty into the Mersey at Stretford Weir.\u00a0 It gives its name to the 4-hectare Kickety Brook woodland.\u00a0 The origin of the name is uncertain but may derive from Old English cicc<\/em>, meaning \u2018bend\u2019, or Old Norse kikall<\/em>, meaning \u2018winding\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KILN GREEN <\/strong>is a village to the east of Diggle<\/strong>, formerly<\/strong> in Saddleworth<\/strong> in West Yorkshire<\/strong> but now administered as part of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1785 and its origin is also undocumented, but it could literally mean \u2018a kiln<\/em> on or beside the village green<\/em>\u2019.\u00a0 Cyln <\/em>was an old English word for a furnace that could be used for making many things \u2013 bread, lime, bricks, flax, etc.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KING GEORGE\u2019S FIELD <\/strong>is a 6-hectare playing ground in Woodbank Memorial Park<\/strong> in Offerton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The land was acquired by Stockport council in 1937 and named to commemorate the Silver Jubilee of King George<\/em> V in 1936.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KINGSTON<\/strong> is a residential area with an industrial estate west of Hyde<\/strong> and close to the River Tame<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The place is recorded in 1748 and was established at about that time by Major Edward Hyde Clarke (1716-1776), who had inherited Hyde Hall.\u00a0 He and the family of his wife, Elizabeth Guthrie Haughton, had slave-operated estates in Jamaica, and this area of what was then Cheshire<\/strong> reminded them of Jamaica.\u00a0 Consequently, they named the settlement after Kingston<\/em> in Jamaica, which had been named in 1692 after King <\/em>William III (reigned 1689-1702).\u00a0 Several streets in the area and a bridge over the Tame are named after Captain Clarke and his family.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KINGSWAY RETAIL PARK <\/strong>and KINGSWAY BUSINESS PARK<\/strong> are commercial developments south-east of Rochdale <\/strong>town centre.\u00a0 Both take their names from Kingsway<\/em>, a nearby major road that, together with Queensway, was built in the early 1930s and named after the reigning monarch \u2013 King<\/em> George V.\u00a0 Kingsway Business Park is one of the sites of Atom Valley<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KIRKHAMS <\/strong>is a suburban area of Whitefield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are several places with similar names in Lancashire<\/strong> and West Yorkshire<\/strong>, all meaning \u2018church village\u2019, derived from the Old Norse kirk<\/em> + Old English h<\/em>\u0101m<\/em>.\u00a0 Kirkhams in Bury is recorded in 1485 as part of the Manor of Prestwich<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KIRKHOLT<\/strong> originated as a rural hamlet, shown on the 1851 Ordnance Survey map west of Balderstone<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 In 1945 German prisoners of war built the largest housing estate in Rochdale in the area around Kirkholt.\u00a0 The name means \u2018the church in the wood\u2019, suggesting a Scandinavian origin:\u00a0 Old Norse kirkja<\/em> (\u2018church\u2019) + Old English holt<\/em> (\u2018wood\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KIRKLEES BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell <\/strong>that rises on Holcombe<\/strong> Moor north of Hawkshaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> and flows 10.5 kilometres south-east to meet the Irwell in Woodhill<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name means \u2018church meadows\u2019 from the Old Norse kirkja<\/em> + Old English l\u0113ah<\/em>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Kirklees Priory<\/em> in West Yorkshire<\/strong>, which is recorded in 1275 as Kyrkeleys<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KIRKMANSHULME <\/strong>is an area of eastern Manchester<\/strong> close to the city centre that was once part of Newton Heath<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1292 as Kyrdmannesholm<\/em>, but this is thought to be a misspelling for something like Kyrkmannesholm<\/em>, meaning \u2018raised land belonging to a churchman\u2019, from Old Norse kirkja<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a church\u2019) + Old English mann<\/em> (\u2018person, man\u2019) + Old Norse holmr<\/em> (‘island, raised land in marsh’). \u00a0It has been suggested that the land may have belonged to Manchester parish church in Saxon times.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KISSING ROCKS\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> WAIN STONES<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KITCLIFFE RESERVOIR <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale <\/strong>is one of the six reservoirs in the Piethorne <\/strong>Valley built in the 1870s to supply water to Oldham – <\/strong>Ogden<\/strong><\/a>, <\/strong>Kitcliffe<\/strong><\/a>, <\/strong>Piethorne<\/strong><\/a>, <\/strong>Hanging Lees<\/strong><\/a>, <\/strong>Rooden<\/strong><\/a>,<\/strong> and Norman Hill<\/strong><\/a>.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name is taken from Kitcliffe Farm<\/em>, one of the few farms that was not demolished or flooded at the time of construction.\u00a0 The farm appears on the first Ordnance Survey maps of the 1840s and is probably an eponym:\u00a0 the hillside farm belonging to someone called Kit<\/em> or Christopher<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KITT GREEN <\/strong>is a suburb of Wigan<\/strong>, west of the town centre.\u00a0 It is said that the name dates from the 17th<\/sup> century and is believed to derive from a shortening of Christopher<\/em>.\u00a0 Other places named \u2018Kit\u2019 \u2013 for example, Kitt\u2019s Green in Birmingham and St Kitt\u2019s in the West Indies \u2013 are derived from Christopher<\/em> and date from the 15th<\/sup> to 17th<\/sup> centuries.\u00a0 An alternative derivation might be Middle English kite<\/em>, referring to the bird of prey which can be found in north-west England.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KITT\u2019S MOSS <\/strong>is a residential area of Bramhall<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1777 and by 1831 it is shown as Kits Moss<\/em>, an area inhabited by textile workers.\u00a0 However, earlier court records dating from 1632 refer to Kitts Moor.\u00a0 The name is presumably an eponym \u2013 Kit is short for Christopher, <\/em>but nothing is known of him.\u00a0 Moss<\/em> is an Old English word for \u2018bog, swamp, moor\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KNIGHT\u2019S BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises near Bag Lane<\/strong> in Atherton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and flows south-west to meet Hindsford<\/strong> Brook and ultimately flows into the River Glaze, the Manchester Ship Canal <\/strong>and the River Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is culverted for much of its length but its name survives in the Knightsbrook housing estate in Atherton.\u00a0 The name is said to derive from the mediaeval ownership status of Atherton, meaning that the knight<\/em> holding the Atherton manor had to provide military service to the Barony of Warrington.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KNOLL HILL<\/strong> is a 420-metre hill near Naden<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1771 as Knowle Top<\/em> and is derived from Old English cnoll<\/em>, meaning \u2018knoll, hillock\u2019.\u00a0 The addition of Hill<\/em> is reduplication as the meaning would be \u2018hill hill\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KNOTT LANES<\/strong> is a rural area with farms close to Daisy Nook Country Park<\/strong>, south-west of Bardsley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1617 as a division of the parish of Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong>.\u00a0 Knott<\/em> is probably derived from Old Norse knott<\/em>, meaning \u2018rocky hill\u2019, or Middle English knot<\/em>, \u2018a hill\u2019.\u00a0 The lanes<\/em> refer to the country roads to the west of the main Ashton-Oldham Road, which are still called ‘Knott Lanes\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KNOTT MILL<\/strong> is an area of central Manchester<\/strong> that is currently scheduled for regeneration.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1509 when a miller by the name of Knott <\/em>built a water-powered corn mill on the site.\u00a0 The area became the Manchester terminus of the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong> in 1764 and industrial development followed.\u00a0 Knott Mill had been converted to a textile mill by 1809.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KNOWL MOOR <\/strong>is a hill on the moors outside Rochdale<\/strong> that is popular for hiking and walking.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is said to come from Old English cnoll<\/em>, meaning \u2018knoll, hillock\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KNOWLS LANE <\/strong>or KNOLLS LANE <\/strong>is a hamlet north-east of Holts<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Knowls Lane farmhouse dates from the early 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Knowls <\/em>or Knolls<\/em> is probably derived Old from English cnoll<\/em>, meaning \u2018knoll, hillock\u2019, and Lane<\/em> refers to Knowls Lane, which connects Grotton <\/strong>and Lees<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KNUTSFORD VALE <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> NUTSFORD VALE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KNUTSHAW BRIDGE <\/strong>is a small residential area south-west of Deane<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1285 as Noteschaw<\/em> but the spelling Knutshaw<\/em> with a K seems to be much later, perhaps as late as the 20th<\/sup> century.\u00a0\u00a0 The bridge carries the road north-west from Manchester<\/strong> over Knutshaw Brook, a tributary of the River Croal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The straightforward meaning would seem to be \u2018copse of nut-bearing trees\u2019, from Old English hnutu\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018nut; nut-bearing tree\u2019) + sceaga <\/em>(\u2018copse\u2019), but it has also been suggested that the first element may be an eponym from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Hnotta<\/em>.\u00a0 The spelling with K has given rise to the suggestion that the personal name may have been Knut<\/em>, i.e. Cnut or Canute, although it is not claimed that there is any connection with King Canute himself.\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

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L<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LADYBARN<\/strong> is a suburb of south Manchester<\/strong>, east of Withington<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded on maps of 1820 as Lady Barn Lane and Lady Barn House.\u00a0 Urban development had begun by the middle of the century and an independent school was established with the name in 1873.\u00a0 It is likely that Ladybarn refers to a barn <\/em>where tithes were collected on Lady Day<\/em> (25 March), but it has also been suggested that lady<\/em> may refer to the Virgin Mary as the Abbey of St Mary-in-the-Marsh in Cockersand in Lancashire<\/strong> held land in the Withington area in mediaeval times.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LADYBRIDGE <\/strong>or LADY BRIDGE <\/strong>is a residential area of Cheadle Hulme<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1587 as Ladie Bridge<\/em> and in 1671 as Ladies Bridge<\/em>.\u00a0 The bridge crosses and takes its name from the Lady Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name of the brook changes from the Lady Brook to the Micker Brook<\/strong> at Lady Bridge.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LADYBROOK <\/strong>or LADY BROOK <\/strong>is the name given to a tributary of the Mersey<\/strong> as it passes through Happy Valley<\/strong> in Bramhall<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises as Bollinhurst Brook<\/strong> near Disley in the Derbyshire Peak District<\/strong>, becoming Norbury<\/strong> Brook, Lady Brook, then Micker Brook<\/strong> before joining the Mersey in Cheadle Hulme<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1637 as Lady Brook, but the origin is uncertain.\u00a0 It has been suggested that it is named after a Lady<\/em> Davenport of Bramall Hall<\/strong>, who owned about 2.4 hectares of land in the Ladybrook valley.\u00a0 However, the occurrence of other Catholic names in the area \u2013 Ladybarn Crescent (the barn where tithes were collected on Lady Day) and Ladythorn Road (Our Lady of the Thorns, celebrated on 16 February) \u2013 makes a religious origin more likely.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LADYHOUSE<\/strong> is a residential area of the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> south of Milnrow<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is taken from Lady House<\/em> Farm, which previously occupied the area.\u00a0 \u00a0A painting by Benjamin Charles Brierley (1857-1920) of Lady House shows a stone building, perhaps the farmhouse, with the date 1631 above the door.\u00a0 It is thought that it may be derived from the Old Norse hlatha<\/em>, meaning \u2018storehouse, barn\u2019, rather than any aristocratic or religious use of lady<\/em>. \u00a0Over the years, hlatha<\/em> was rationalised to lady<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LADYWELL<\/strong> is a Metrolink tram stop that takes its name from a hospital in the Weaste<\/strong> area of the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It started in 1851-1852 as a workhouse but was rebuilt in 1890 as a hospital and training school for nurses.\u00a0 Today it forms part of Salford Royal hospital.\u00a0 The original hospital was endowed by the local de Trafford family and named after the Ladywell<\/em> shrine, a 17th<\/sup> century house and chapel with the Holy Well of our Lady in the grounds.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LAITHWAITE <\/strong>is a residential area of west Wigan.\u00a0 <\/strong>It is recorded in about 1200 as Leikeththeit<\/em> and Leikestheith<\/em>, meaning \u2018barn on or near a forest clearing\u2019, from the Old Norse hlatha<\/em> (\u2019barn\u2019) + thwaite<\/em> (\u2018meadow, forest clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LAMBERHEAD GREEN <\/strong>is a residential and recreational area of Orrell <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan <\/strong>on the border between Orrell <\/strong>and Pemberton<\/strong> and between Upholland in Lancashire<\/strong> and Wigan in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1519 as Londmerhede<\/em>, from the Old English land-gemaere<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018boundary\u2019) + heafod\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LANCASHIRE<\/strong> is a county in north-western England that until 1974 included much of what is now Greater<\/strong> Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1140 as honor de Lancastre<\/em> and as Lancastre-shire<\/em> in the 14th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name combines the city of Lancaster<\/em> (Roman c<\/em>\u00e6ster<\/em> or fort on the River Lune<\/em>) with Old English sc<\/em>\u012br<\/em> (\u2018shire, district\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LANCASHIRE BRIDGE<\/strong> is a road bridge across the River Mersey<\/strong> in Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally built in 1282 to carry the old Roman Road between Manchester<\/strong> and Buxton across the river from Lancashire<\/em> into Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was demolished in 1745 to hinder Bonnie Prince Charlie\u2019s Jacobite army as they marched south from Tiviot Dale<\/strong> to Derby.\u00a0 It was rebuilt in 1748 and replaced by the current bridge in 1891.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LANCASHIRE HILL <\/strong>is a residential and commercial area of Reddish<\/strong>, north of Stockport<\/strong> town centre.\u00a0 It is named because it is a hill on the Lancashire<\/em> side of the River Mersey<\/strong>, traditionally the boundary between Cheshire<\/strong> and Lancashire.\u00a0 The name is not well documented and it is not clear when the name was first used.\u00a0 Its modern development dates from the building in 1793-1797 of Stockport Canal, which branched south from the Ashton <\/strong>Canal at Clayton<\/strong> and terminated at the top of Lancashire Hill.\u00a0 This led to the building of factories, mills and housing in the early 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It was developed further in the late 1960s as a high-rise housing estate.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

LAND GATE <\/strong>or LANDGATE <\/strong>is a village north of Bryn<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 Although the name is recorded in 1212, it is not well documented or analysed.\u00a0 The \u2018gates\u2019 of Wigan are mediaeval roads leading out of the town, derived from the Old Norse gata<\/em>, meaning \u2018road, street\u2019.\u00a0 Land Gate is close to the old Roman road from Wigan to Warrington and it has been suggested that Land Gate means the road (gata<\/em>) to the rural or agricultural land<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LANDSLOW GREEN <\/strong>is a rural area north-west of Hollingworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 Landslow Green farmhouse dates from early\/mid-18th<\/sup> century but the area is not otherwise well documented.\u00a0 The name is probably derived from old English land<\/em> (\u2018piece of land\u2019) + hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em> (\u2018mound, hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LANE BOTTOM <\/strong>or LANEBOTTOM <\/strong>is a hamlet east of Newhey<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The place is not much documented before 1860, when the Lanebottom Industrial Equitable Pioneers Society was established as an early member of the co-operative movement.\u00a0 The name is quite literal \u2013 the hamlet is located at the bottom<\/em> of Ogden<\/strong> Lane<\/em>, which leads up to the moors of Oldham<\/strong> and West Yorkshire<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LANE END <\/strong>or LANE ENDS\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>There are several places called Lane End or Lane Ends in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is usually literal \u2013 a place (often originally a farm) at the end <\/em>of a lane<\/em> (from the Old English) or at the junction of two lanes.\u00a0 A lane was usually a narrow roadway in a town or, more commonly in Greater Manchester, a rural road leading out of a town or connecting two hamlets or villages.\u00a0 It was less important and less well-built than a \u2018street\u2019, which was the word applied to Roman roads in Greater Manchester (e.g. Stretford<\/strong>).\u00a0 The inclusion of lane as an element in a name often suggests that it is mediaeval in origin, but this was not always popular with upwardly-mobile Victorians \u2013 most of the lanes in Sale<\/strong> were renamed as \u2018roads\u2019 in 1866-70.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LANE HEAD <\/strong>is a residential area south of Lowton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1842, when Lowton Lane Head<\/em> Primitive Methodist Chapel was completed at the junction of Winwick Lane, Newton Road, Kenyon<\/strong> Lane and what is now Church Lane, suggesting that the name was originally Lowton Lane Head, i.e. the place at the start (head<\/em>) of the lane<\/em> to Lowton.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LANE SIDE <\/strong>or LANESIDE <\/strong>is a small residential area on the eastern edge of Crompton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1786 and the meaning is quite literal – a small settlement beside the lanes<\/em> that led (and, in some cases, still lead) up on to Crompton Moor.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LANGLEY<\/strong> is a suburb of Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, approximately 9 kilometres north-east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 There are many places named Langley<\/em> in Britain but Langley in what was then Lancashire <\/strong>is first recorded in 1246 as Langele<\/em>, meaning \u2018a long wood or clearing\u2019 from Old English lang<\/em> (\u2018long\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018wood, clearing\u2019).\u00a0 Langley was developed as a residential area for about 25,000 people by Manchester City Council in the 1950s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LANGTREE<\/strong> is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> that forms the northern portion of Standish<\/strong>-with-Langtree.\u00a0 Although originally separate, they have long been seen as a single settlement.\u00a0 Langtree is recorded in about 1190 as Lonetre<\/em>, meaning \u2018tall or high tree\u2019, from the Old English lang<\/em> + tr<\/em>\u0113o<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LANGWORTHY<\/strong> is a residential area of the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area developed in the last quarter of the 19th<\/sup> century around Langworthy Road, which was built in the 1870s and named in honour of Edward Langworthy <\/em>(1797-1874), a businessman who, with his brothers, owned a cotton mill in Greengate<\/strong> and who also became mayor of Salford and, briefly, a Salford MP.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LARK HILL<\/strong> is a common place name in England and there have been several places with this name in Lancashire<\/strong>, Yorkshire<\/strong> and Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Lark Hill in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan <\/strong>is a 21st<\/sup>-century housing development south-west of Astley.\u00a0 <\/strong>It takes its name from Lark Hill House<\/em>, a large house built in 1878 that is now a nursery.\u00a0 Assuming that the name goes back no further than 1878, it would seem to be aspirational, evoking birdsong on a hillside.\u00a0 Places elsewhere which date back to mediaeval times are derived Old English lawerce\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018lark.\u2019) + hyll.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LAST DROP VILLAGE <\/strong>is a retail and hotel complex in Bromley Cross<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is clustered around a number of 17th<\/sup> century farm buildings originally called Orrell<\/strong> Fold in the Manor of Turton<\/strong>.\u00a0 These were purchased in 1963 and given the name \u2018Last Drop\u2019.\u00a0 The name has given rise to some fanciful suggestions \u2013 that the last drop refers to execution by hanging or punishment by ducking \u2013 but the reality is more prosaic:\u00a0 friends offered the new owner the last drop from a bottle of wine when he bought the farm and the name was applied to the development.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LEAD MINE CLOUGH <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong> which rises south-east of Lydgate<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows north-west to meet Lydgate Clough, which goes on to join the Roch in Calderbrook<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 Presumably the stream takes its name from a local lead mine, but, unlike Lead Mines Clough, a tributary of the River Yarrow in Chorley in Lancashire<\/strong> which has a well-documented history of lead mining in the 17th<\/sup> and 18 centuries, there seems to be little record of lead mining south-east of Littleborough<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LECTURERS CLOSES <\/strong>is a residential and industrial in central Bolton<\/strong>, close to the site of the parish church, where there has been a church since Anglo-Saxon times.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but seems to have religious connotations derived from words with meanings which are now largely obsolete:\u00a0 from the 16th<\/sup> century a lecturer <\/em>was an assistant Anglican preacher, and a close <\/em>was a precinct or cloister of a religious building, a term dating from the mid-15th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LEE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises north of Castleshaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>and flows south-west through Lee Clough into Castleshaw Upper Reservoir.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but may be taken from a local farm as the literal meaning is \u2018stream running by or through a clearing\u2019 (l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em>), a pattern found elsewhere in Greater Manchester<\/strong> (see<\/em> Hall Lee Brook<\/strong>, Oaken Lee Brook<\/strong>, Pigs Lee Brook<\/strong>, Tack Lee<\/strong> Brook<\/strong>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LEES<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1604 as the Leese<\/em>, which is usually said to mean \u2018woods or woodland clearings\u2019, from the plural of Old English l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018wood, clearing\u2019).\u00a0 However, another theory is that it is named after John de Leghes<\/em>, the 14th<\/sup>-century Lord of the Manor.\u00a0 To the north-west is Leesbrook (i.e. the clearing beside the brook, which flows into the River Medlock<\/strong> just to the south), Leesfield (i.e. beside open country), and to the south-west is Nether Lees (i.e. Lower Lees).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LEESBROOK \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> LEES<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LEESFIELD\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> LEES<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LEIGH <\/strong>is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 Until 1974 it was part of Lancashire<\/strong> and it shares its name with other towns in England as well as numerous places ending in –leigh<\/em>, –ley<\/em>, –ly<\/em> or –le<\/em>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1276 as Legch<\/em> and is derived from the Old English l\u0113ah<\/em>, meaning ‘wood, clearing or meadow’.\u00a0 Leigh is distinguished from Westleigh<\/strong> to the west and Astley<\/strong> (i.e. East Leigh) to the east.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LEVENSHULME<\/strong> is a suburb of the City of Manchester<\/strong>, about 5 kilometres south-east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name was recorded as Lewyneshulm<\/em> in 1246 and is probably an eponym meaning \u2018L\u0113ofwine\u2019s mound\u2019.\u00a0 The first element is a personal name L\u0113ofwine, meaning beloved friend\u2019; the second is the Old Norse -holmr<\/em>, meaning \u2019island, elevated ground in a marshy area\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LEVER EDGE <\/strong>is part of the area named Lever<\/em> which consists of several settlements \u2013 Darcy Lever<\/strong>, Great Lever<\/strong>, Lever Edge<\/strong> and Little Lever<\/strong> \u2013 south of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name Lever is recorded in 1212 as Lefre<\/em>, from the Old English lefer<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018rush, reed\u2019), so that the entire area would mean \u2018where the rushes or reeds grow\u2019 on the banks of the Irwell<\/strong> and Croal<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LEVERHULME PARK <\/strong>is a 13.75-hectare public park and nature reserve in Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was donated to the people of Bolton in 1919 by Lord Leverhulme<\/em> (1851-1925), the industrialist, philanthropist, politician and mayor of Bolton, and named after him.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LEY HEY PARK <\/strong>is a residential area west of Marple Bridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1835 and was developed as an up-market residential area with the coming of the railways and the opening of Marple Bridge station in 1862 and Rose Hill<\/strong> Marple in 1869.\u00a0 The name means \u2018pastured enclosure\u2019 from Old English l<\/em>\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2019pasture\u2019) + h\u00e6g<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LEYLAND MILL BROW <\/strong>is an area south of Haigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> beside the River Douglas<\/strong>.\u00a0 Industrial development in the area began in the mid-18th<\/sup> century but it is believed the name comes from John Leyland <\/em>(1832-1883), who acquired or built a cotton mill on the Douglas.\u00a0 The brow (Old English bru<\/em>) is the steep bank that leads up from the river.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LIGHTBOURNE GREEN <\/strong>is a residential area of Swinton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 The name is not well documented and there have been two suggestions as to its origin.\u00a0 It could mean \u2018light or bright stream\u2019, from Old English leoht<\/em> + burna<\/em>, but streams in Greater Manchester are mostly dark brooks and bournes are almost unknown.\u00a0 Alternatively, the area might be named after Robert Lightbourne<\/em>, who is known to have lived and farmed there in the late 17th<\/sup> or early 18th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LIGHT HAZZLES RESERVOIR <\/strong>near Summit <\/strong>in Littleborough <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale <\/strong>was built in 1807 to supply water for the Rochdale Canal but was purchased in 1923 by Rochdale and Oldham <\/strong>Corporations to provide drinking water for the two towns.\u00a0 It takes its name from its source, Light Hazzles Brook<\/em>, which is a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong>, and Light Hazzles Edge<\/em>, a nearby promontory.\u00a0 The name means \u2018few hazel trees\u2019 from Old English lyt<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a little, a few\u2019) + haesel\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018hazel-tree\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LIGHTSHAW MEADOWS <\/strong>is an 18-hectare country park in Abram<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> that was opened in 2010 and now forms one site of the Flashes of Wigan and Leigh<\/strong>.\u00a0 Lightshaw Hall was built in the 16th<\/sup> century and is derived from Old English lihte<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018sparse\u2019) + sceaga <\/em>(\u2018copse\u2019).\u00a0 Lightshaw Hall is still standing and Lightshaw Meadows were shaped by 20th<\/sup>-century mining subsidence.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LILFORD <\/strong>is a residential and recreational area of Leigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is an eponym dating from the early 19th<\/sup> century, when Thomas Atherton Powys (1801-1861), who owned estates at Atherton<\/strong>, inherited the title of Lord Lilford<\/em>.\u00a0 The title was taken from Lilford<\/em> in Northamptonshire, which either means \u2018chattering (Old English lille<\/em>) ford<\/em>\u2019 or \u2018ford named after Lilla<\/em>\u2019.\u00a0 A later Lord Lilford donated the land for Lilford Park, which was opened in 1886 and enlarged in 1915.\u00a0 Lilford Park lends its name to Lilford Park Brook, a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LILY HILL<\/strong> is a residential and countryside area north of Whitefield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0The name is not well documented before 1866, when it was one of six hamlets combined to form the township of Whitefield.\u00a0 The name is thought to be quite literal \u2013 a hill<\/em> covered with lilies<\/em> (Old English lilie<\/em>), reinforcing the suggestion that the meaning of Whitefield is \u2018a field covered with white lilies\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LILY LANES <\/strong>is a farm location between Alt<\/strong> Hill and Hartshead Green<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It lies at the junction of Lily Lane and Twirl Hill<\/strong> Road \u2013 hence the lanes<\/em> element of the name.\u00a0 The first element is said to come from Old English lilie<\/em>, meaning \u2018lily\u2019. \u00a0Hartshead Green farmhouse on Lily Lane dates from the late 17th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LIME FIELD <\/strong>is a recreational and residential area west of Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 Mid-19th<\/sup> century maps suggest that it was an area where there was a lot of lime<\/em> in the fields<\/em>, probably revealing the underlying rock formation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LIMEFIELD<\/strong> is a residential area of Bury <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1843 and could mean \u2018the field with a lime tree\u2019 or \u2018the field spread with lime\u2019.\u00a0 The name seems to originate with a house with a small park, so perhaps the former meaning is more likely.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LIMEHURST <\/strong>is a former village which is now part of Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, but formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1292 and the modern spelling had been adopted by 1422.\u00a0 The name is unlikely to mean \u2018lime forest\u2019 and is more likely to mean \u2018the forest (Old English hyrst<\/em>) within the Lyme\u2019.\u00a0 Lyme<\/em> meant that the place was included in Lancashire proper, as opposed to outlying areas in neighbouring counties.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LIMESIDE\u00a0<\/strong>is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, about 3 kilometres south of the town centre.\u00a0 The area was once occupied by Limeside village and Limeside Farm, probably meaning \u2018the hillside where lime trees grow\u2019, from Old English lim<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018lime\u2019) + side<\/em> (\u2018hillside\u2019).\u00a0 The area was developed in the 1930s with a large housing estate and the 7-hectare Limeside Park.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LINCOLN SQUARE <\/strong>is a public space in the centre of Manchester<\/strong> that was laid out in 1981.\u00a0 In 1986, a statue of American President Abraham Lincoln, which had been erected in Platt Fields<\/strong> in 1919, was moved to Lincoln Square.\u00a0 The plaque misquotes Lincoln\u2019s letter of 1863 to the working men of Manchester, expressing his appreciation for their support during the American Civil War and the resulting \u2018cotton famine\u2019 in Lancashire<\/strong>:\u00a0 \u2018To the working people of Manchester 19th January 1863 \/ I know and deeply deplore the sufferings which the working people of Manchester \/ and in all Europe are called to endure in this crisis\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LINFITTS <\/strong>and LINFITTS SLACK \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>Linfitts is a hamlet north-west of Delph<\/strong> in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Lindthait <\/em>at the end of the 12th<\/sup> century and by 1208 as Lynthwait<\/em>, a spelling that is retained in nearby Lynthwaite<\/em> farm.\u00a0\u00a0 However, the spelling was rationalised to Linfitts<\/em> by the time Lindfitts Mill was built in 1775.\u00a0 The name means \u2018flax clearing\u2019 or \u2018clearing where flax is grown\u2019, from Old Norse or Old English lin<\/em>, meaning \u2018flax\u2019, and Old Norse thwaite<\/em>, meaning \u2018clearing, farm\u2019.\u00a0 The name is an early indicator of the textile industry before flax was supplanted by imported cotton.\u00a0 Linfitts Slack lies to the north-west of Linfitts and takes its name from the Old Norse slakke<\/em>, meaning \u2018shallow depression\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LINGARD\u2019S FOOTBRIDGE <\/strong>is a metal footbridge supported by water pipes over the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong> near Blackmoor<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The bridge seems to be of recent construction but it is uncertain if there were previous bridges at this site.\u00a0 The name ultimately means \u2018flax enclosure\u2019, from the Old English l<\/em>\u012bn<\/em> (\u2018flax\u2019) + Old Norse garthr<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019).\u00a0 However, it is likely that the name is an eponym that was taken from the locational surname of the Lingard<\/em> family, who were major landowners in the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LINNET CLOUGH <\/strong>is a small reservoir west of Mellor<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, formerly in Derbyshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally built in 1793 as a mill pond for Mellor Mill in Marple<\/strong> and it took its name from the clough<\/em> (Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>) or valley of Linnet Brook<\/em>, which empties into the River Goyt<\/strong> east of Marple.\u00a0 Linnet<\/em> is from Old English l<\/em>\u00ednetw<\/em>\u00edge<\/em> or a 16th<\/sup>-century borrowing from Old French linette<\/em>, and is related to modern English linen<\/em>.\u00a0 Linnets were common in Derbyshire in the past as they feed on flax seeds.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LINNYSHAW<\/strong> is a residential area and industrial estate to the east of Walkden<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the second half of the 19th<\/sup> century, when Linnyshaw Colliery was opened in 1865 and Linnyshaw Mills were built in 1874.\u00a0 The name means \u2018small lime wood\u2019, from Old English lind<\/em> (\u2018lime-tree\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse\u2019).\u00a0 The colliery was closed and demolished in 1921, and has now been converted into Linnyshaw Park, while a disused railway line known as the Linnyshaw Loopline has been turned into a walking and cycling route between Little Hulton<\/strong> and Walkden<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LITTLE BOLTON\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>BOLTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LITTLEBOROUGH<\/strong> is a town on the River Roch<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> about 21 kilometres north-east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1577 as Littlebrough <\/em>and means either \u2018little town\u2019 or \u2018little fort\u2019, from the Old English l\u0233tel\u00a0<\/em>+ burh<\/em>.\u00a0 It is thought that there may have been some sort of fortification on the nearby Roman road to Ilkley but there seems to be no record of this.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LITTLE CLEGG <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> CLEGG HALL<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LITTLE HOUGHTON\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> WESTHOUGHTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LITTLE HULTON\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>HULTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LITTLE IRELAND<\/strong> was a slum area south of Manchester <\/strong>city centre around the north end of Oxford Road<\/strong>.\u00a0 Houses originally built in the early 19th<\/sup> century were occupied by large numbers of Irish immigrants who came to work in the expanding textile industry.\u00a0 The area was described by Engels in the early 1840s:\u00a0 \u2018the most horrible spot \u2026 two groups of cottages, built chiefly back to back, in which live about 4,000 human beings, most of them Irish. The cottages are old, dirty, and of the smallest sort, the streets uneven, fallen into ruts and in part without drains or pavement; masses of refuse, offal, and sickening filth lie among standing pools in all directions\u2026.. The race that lives in these ruinous cottages, behind broken windows, mended with oil-skin, sprung doors, and rotten door-posts, or in dark, wet cellars, in measureless filth and stench must surely have reached the lowest stage of humanity.\u2019\u00a0 Much of the area was vacated in 1845-47 to make way for the new Manchester South Junction & Altrincham Railway and its Oxford Road station headquarters.\u00a0 The area was demolished in about 1877.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LITTLE LEVER <\/strong>is part of the area named Lever<\/em> which consists of several settlements \u2013 Darcy Lever<\/strong>, Great Lever<\/strong>, Lever Edge<\/strong> and Little Lever<\/strong> \u2013 south of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name Lever is recorded in 1212 as Lefre<\/em>, from the Old English lefer<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018rush, reed\u2019), so that the entire area would mean \u2018where the rushes or reeds grow\u2019 on the banks of the Irwell<\/strong> and Croal<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LITTLE MOSS<\/strong> is an area of north-west Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was established as a civil parish of Lancashire<\/strong> in 1894 but it is not clear if the name has older roots.\u00a0 Its meaning is literally \u2018little moss\u2019 (\u2018bog, swamp\u2019) and it is one of the many \u2018moss\u2019 place names in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LITTLE PARK <\/strong>is a residential area on the north bank of the River Irk<\/strong> west of Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It dates from the Middle Ages, when it formed one of two \u2018parks\u2019 of Middleton Hall \u2013 the large park was the estate surrounding the hall, probably with deer, while the Little Park<\/em> was its garden.\u00a0 The larger park was sold off from the late 18th<\/sup> century for the development of the town of Middleton.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LITTLE SCOTLAND <\/strong>is located in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, 5 kilometres south of Bolton itself.\u00a0 There are two theories for its derivation.\u00a0 One is that the Wigan<\/strong> section of the Leeds & Liverpool Canal was mostly built by navvies from Aberdeen in the 1780s and the area where they lived became known as Little Scotland<\/em>.\u00a0 Another is that the Earl of Balcarres and Crawford, who was a Scotsman, brought staff from Scotland for his new residence at Haigh <\/strong>Hall, which was built in 1827-1840.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LITTLE WHINNING GULF\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>GREAT WHINNING GULF<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LIVERPOOL ROAD<\/strong> is a disused railway station located on Liverpool Road<\/em>, west of Deansgate<\/strong> in central Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened on 15 September 1830 as the eastern terminus of the Liverpool & Manchester Railway, and can claim to be the oldest surviving railway terminus in the world.\u00a0 It was closed to passengers on 4 May 1844, when the company\u2019s line was extended to the newly-completed Manchester Victoria Station<\/strong>.\u00a0 It remained as a goods depot until 1975 but was sold to Greater Manchester Council in 1978 and converted into what is now the Manchester Museum of Science and Industry, opened in 1983.\u00a0 Liverpool comes from the Old English lifer<\/em> (\u2018thick water\u2019) + p<\/em>\u014dl<\/em> (\u2018pool, creek\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LONDON ROAD STATION<\/strong> was the name of Manchester<\/strong>\u2019s main railway terminus, which had been opened by the Manchester & Birmingham and Sheffield Ashton-under-Lyne & Manchester railways as Store Street<\/strong> in 1842.\u00a0 The name was changed to London Road in 1847 and to Piccadilly<\/strong> in 1960.\u00a0 It took the name from London Road<\/em>, which runs alongside the station to the south west.\u00a0 Although the Romans had built a road from Manchester to Buxton and London<\/em> (what is now the A6), the name is given as Bank Top on maps until 1813.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LONGDENDALE <\/strong>is a valley in the Peak District<\/strong> and was adopted as the name of an urban district in Cheshire<\/strong> in 1936, but was absorbed into the new Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> in 1974.\u00a0 The name was first recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Langedendele<\/em> and means \u2018the long (Old English lange<\/em>-) valley (denu<\/em>) dale (dala<\/em>)\u2019.\u00a0 See also<\/em> MOTTRAM IN LONGDENDALE<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LONGDEN END BROOK <\/strong>is a watercourse that rises near Windy Hill<\/strong> on the boundary between West Yorkshire<\/strong> and the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It flows south-west through Rakewood<\/strong> Valley to Hollingworth Lake<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not recorded before the first Ordnance Survey maps of the area in the 1840s and probably means \u2018brook (Old English br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em>) at the end<\/em> of a long<\/em> valley (Old English denu<\/em>)\u2019, perhaps referring to the point at which the brook emerges from the upper valley on the moors into Rakewood Valley.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LONGFORD PARK <\/strong>is a 22-hectare public park in Stretford<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>, and it also gives its name to an electoral ward of Trafford.\u00a0 <\/strong>The name is first recorded in 1320-1346 as the long<\/em> ford<\/em>, presumably a ford used by those on the Roman road from Chester to Manchester <\/strong>crossing the River Mersey<\/strong> in Stretford.\u00a0 The ford gave its name to a village and to the Longford family, who had lived in the area since the 11th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Their Longford Park estate eventually became the home of John Rylands<\/strong> in 1855, and was sold to Stretford Council in 1911, opening to the public in 1912.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LONGSHAW <\/strong>was a common place name across Lancashire<\/strong>, Yorkshire<\/strong> and Derbyshire<\/strong>, meaning \u2018long or narrow wood\u2019 from Old English lang <\/em>(\u2018tall, long\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018small wood, copse\u2019).\u00a0\u00a0 This Longshaw is a small agricultural and residential area west of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 Neighbouring Longshaw Bottom and Longshaw Common are in the Metropolitan Borough of St Helens in Merseyside<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LONGSHOOT <\/strong>is a suburb of Wigan<\/strong>, east of the town centre.\u00a0 There have been fanciful suggestions for the origin of the name \u2013 it was an area where archers practised shooting their bows and arrows, or where the Parliamentarians set up their cannons to shoot at the Royalists during the Civil War in 1643.\u00a0 The origin is not well documented before 1827 but seems to be a remnant of the mediaeval system of dividing large open fields into smaller strips of various shapes and sizes known as \u2018shoots<\/em>\u2019.\u00a0 In Wigan, Longshoot and nearby Middleshoot may have been part of a large field known as Scholes<\/strong>-Field.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LONGSIGHT <\/strong>is an inner-city area of the City of Manchester<\/strong>, approximately 5 kilometres south of the city centre, formerly known as Grindlow Marsh, which is recorded in 1282 meaning \u2018green hill\u2019, from Old English gr\u0113ne<\/em> + hl\u0101w<\/em>.\u00a0 The Longsight<\/em> name is not well documented but it is usually said that Bonnie Prince Charlie or one of his officers stood outside the Waggon and Horses Inn during the 1745 Jacobite incursion into England, looked towards the city and said that it was a \u2018long sight\u2019<\/em> to Manchester.\u00a0 However, there was already a Longsight Cottage<\/em> in the area, recorded in 1706.\u00a0 It has been suggested that the origin could be Middle English lang <\/em>(\u2018tall, long\u2019) + shote<\/em> (\u2018corner of land, projecting piece of land\u2019) or shut<\/em> (\u2018hillside or slope\u2019).\u00a0 Other sources suggest a date as late as 1843, which coincides with the opening of Longsight station by the Manchester & Birmingham Railway.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

LORD\u2019S BROOK <\/strong>is a stream which rises north-east of Woodhouses<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows approximately .75 of a kilometre south-west through Failsworth<\/strong> into the River Medlock<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name was taken from Lord<\/em> William de Nevill, who held the local manor for King John at the start of the 13th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The brook either flowed through his property or formed a boundary to it.\u00a0 In 1794, Lord\u2019s Brook was diverted under Hollinwood <\/strong>Canal at Crime Lake<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOSTOCK<\/strong> is a residential area of western Bolton<\/strong> in the Croal<\/strong> valley, approximately 20 kilometres north-west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1205 as Lostok<\/em>, meaning \u2018pig-sty farm or hamlet\u2019, from Old English hl<\/em>\u014dse <\/em>(\u2018pig-sty\u2019) + stoc<\/em> (\u2018farmstead, hamlet\u2019).<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

LOW CROMPTON\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>CROMPTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER BREDBURY \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0See<\/em> BREDBURY<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER BROUGHTON\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> BROUGHTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER CHELBURN \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0See<\/em> CHELBURN<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER CRUMPSALL\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> CRUMPSALL<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER DUNISHBOOTH\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> DUNISHBOOTH<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER FOLD<\/strong> is one of a series of hamlets, farmsteads or \u2018folds\u2019 beside the River Spodden<\/strong> north of Spotland<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 Lower Fold is recorded in 1781.\u00a0 A fold<\/em> is a small animal enclosure or farmstead with a few cottages and lower<\/em> refers to its position in the Spodden valley, contrasting with Fold Head, a hamlet higher up the valley in Rossendale.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER GREEN\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> ASTLEY <\/strong>and ASTLEY GREEN<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER HEALEY\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> HEALEY<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER HINDS\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> HINDS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER INCE\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> INCE-IN-MAKERFIELD<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER IRLAM<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> IRLAM<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER KERSAL <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> KERSAL<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER NADEN RESERVOIR \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0See<\/em> NADEN<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER OGDEN\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> OGDEN<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER ROE CROSS\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> ROE CROSS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER RUSHCROFT \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0See<\/em> RUSHCROFT<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER SUMMERSEAT\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>SUMMERSEAT<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER SWINESHAW RESERVOIR \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0See<\/em> SWINESHAW<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER WHITELEY DEAN BROOK <\/strong>rises south-east of Rakewood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and flows north to meet Longden End Brook<\/strong>, which eventually flows into Hollingworth Lake<\/strong>.\u00a0 Whiteley<\/em> was an area north of Spotland<\/strong> that was recorded in about 1255 as belonging to Henry de le Wetelegh<\/em> and in about 1280 as Wytelegh<\/em>, both names meaning \u2018bright or fair (Old English hw<\/em>\u012bt<\/em>) clearing (l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em>)\u2019.\u00a0 The name survived on 19th<\/sup>-century maps as a settlement as well as Whiteley Moor and Whiteley Fold, but then seems to disappear from 20th<\/sup>-century maps.\u00a0 Lower Whiteley was a related settlement to the east which appears on 19th<\/sup>-century Ordnance Survey maps and which gave its name to Lower Whiteley Dean Brook, meaning the stream (Old English br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em>) which flows through the valley (denu<\/em>) near or beside Lower Whiteley\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOW HALL NATURE RESERVE <\/strong>near Platt Bridge <\/strong>is one of the Flashes of Wigan and Leigh<\/strong>.\u00a0 Low or Lowe Hall<\/em> is recorded in 1377 as a country house, its name derived from Old English hl<\/em>\u0101w <\/em>(\u2018hill, mound\u2019).\u00a0 Low Hall colliery began working in 1847 and was finally closed in 1931.\u00a0 The polluted site, with flashes produced by the flooding of<\/p>\n

land which had subsided during underground mining operations, was reclaimed and developed over a period of about 30 years before being designated as a nature reserve in 2009.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

The LOWRY<\/strong> is a theatre and gallery centre in Salford Quays<\/strong> that was opened by Queen Elizabth II on 12 October 2000.\u00a0 It is named after the artist, L S Lowry<\/em> (1887-1986), who was famed for his paintings of industrial buildings and landscapes in Greater Manchester<\/strong> and elsewhere.\u00a0 Many of Lowry\u2019s paintings (see<\/em> Appendix 2) are on now display at the Lowry gallery.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWRY\u2019S STEPS <\/strong>or LOWRY\u2019S FOOTBRIDGE\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>COLLYHURST FOOTBRIDGE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWTON<\/strong> is a residential area south of Leigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, which also gives its name to the outlying area of Lowton Common, Lowton St Mary\u2019s<\/strong> and Town of Lowton.\u00a0 The name is recorded from 1202 as Lauton<\/em> and this is said to mean \u2018hill settlement or farmstead\u2019, from Old English hl<\/em>\u0101w <\/em>(\u2018hill, mound\u2019) + t\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018village, farmstead\u2019).\u00a0 Despite the suggestion of its modern spelling, Lowton sits on a slight hill.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWTON ST MARY\u2019S <\/strong>is a residential area south-east of Lowton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 As Lowton\u2019s population expanded in the 19th<\/sup> century with mine and mill workers, an Anglican church named St Mary\u2019s<\/em> was built in 1859-61, so that the area became known as Lowton St Mary\u2019s.\u00a0 The name was perhaps standardised by the opening of Lowton St Mary\u2019s station by the Wigan Junction Railways in 1884.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LUDWORTH<\/strong> is an area of Marple<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally part of Derbyshire<\/strong>, but was transferred to Cheshire<\/strong> in 1934 and to Greater Manchester<\/strong> in 1974.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Lodeuorth<\/em> but something close to the modern spelling was found in Luddeworthe<\/em> in 1330.\u00a0\u00a0 The name is an eponym meaning \u2018Luda\u2019s enclosure\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Luda <\/em>+ worth<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LUMB BROOK <\/strong>is a short tributary of the River Medlock<\/strong> which rises north of Droylsden<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> and flows north-west to join the Medlock.\u00a0 It means \u2018deep hole in or by a stream\u2019, from Old English Old English lumm<\/em> (\u2018a pool\u2019) + br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em> (\u2018dirty stream\u2019).\u00a0 \u2018Lumb\u2019 is a dialect word that is largely confined to places in West Yorkshire<\/strong>, Greater Manchester<\/strong>, Lancashire<\/strong> and northern Cheshire<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LUMB HOLE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises on the moors north-west of Denshaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It has two short tributaries, Cherry Brook<\/strong> and Brimmy Brook<\/strong>, and it meets the Tame in Denshaw.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but would seem to mean \u2018the stream (Old English broc<\/em>) with or originating in a deep pool (lumb<\/em>) in a hollow (hol<\/em>).\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1786-87, when Lumb Hole Mill was built.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LUZLEY <\/strong>is a village north of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded on 1246 as Luseleg<\/em>, probably from the Old English hl<\/em>\u014dse<\/em> (\u2018pig sty\u2019) + l\u0113ah <\/em>(‘wood, clearing or meadow’).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LUZLEY BROOK <\/strong>is a residential area north-east of Royton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It developed in the early 19th<\/sup> century as a hamlet around the Angel Inn, a pub on the Rochdale<\/strong> turnpike road built in 1810.\u00a0 The hamlet took its name from the nearby stream, which is a tributary of the River Irk<\/strong>.\u00a0 Luzley is usually said to derive from the Old English hl<\/em>\u014dse<\/em> (\u2018pig sty\u2019) + l\u0113ah <\/em>(‘wood, clearing or meadow’), but the Luzley Brook<\/em> is thought to have included a pen for stray cattle rather than pigs.\u00a0 However, the original meaning of hl<\/em>\u014dse<\/em> was probably more general \u2013 simply a shed or a shelter, which could describe a pen for cattle.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The LYCEUM THEATRE <\/strong>is part of a cultural hub housed in the Lyceum Building in central Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally built in 1856 as centre for art, education and literature in the town, and the theatre was added in 1938.\u00a0 The name comes from the Greek lykeion<\/em>, meaning \u2018a centre for gymnastics and philosophy\u2019.\u00a0 It was first adopted in English for the Lyceum Theatre in London in 1765 and lyceums were subsequently built in many English towns and cities.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LYDGATE\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>There are several places called Lydgate across England, including at least two in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is derived from the Old English hlid-geat<\/em>, meaning \u2018swing gate\u2019 \u2013 a gate across a field or road to prevent cattle from straying or perhaps to collect tolls.\u00a0 Lydgate in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldam<\/strong> is recorded from the 16th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Lydgate gives its name to Lydgate Clough, a stream which flows north-west from Lydgate to meet the River Roch<\/strong> in Calderbrook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LYME PARK<\/strong> is a country house and estate owned by the National Trust.\u00a0 It is officially in Cheshire<\/strong> but the postal address is in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1312 as Lyme<\/em> and as parcum de Lyme<\/em> in 1466.\u00a0 The name means \u2018forest\u2019 rather than \u2018lime\u2019, and refers to the ancient forest of Lancashire<\/strong> known as the Lyme, <\/em>which gives its name to Ashton-under-Lyne <\/strong>and Limehurst<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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MACKIE MAYOR <\/strong>is a retail area housed in the last remaining building of Smithfield Market<\/strong> in what is now the Northern Quarter<\/strong> of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The original building was opened in 1858 by Ivie Mackie<\/em> (1805-1873), a Scotsman who was Lord Mayor<\/em> of Manchester in 1857-1860 and whose name is inscribed above the entrance.\u00a0 The old Smithfield Market was closed in 1972 but the Mackie building was preserved.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u201cMADCHESTER\u201d <\/strong>was the nickname given to describe the vibrant Manchester music scene of the late 1980s and early 1990s, much of which centred on the H<\/strong>a\u00e7ienda<\/strong> nightclub in Gaythorn<\/strong> in central Manchester.\u00a0 <\/strong>The term was coined by Philip Shotton and Keith Jobling of Factory Records, and popularised by Factory Records director, Tony Wilson, and the Happy Mondays band with their 1989 album entitled \u2018Madchester Rave On\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MAIDENS\u2019 BRIDGE <\/strong>is a road bridge over Gore Brook<\/strong> in Gorton<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 1737 by George Ryder <\/strong>and is said to have been given its name because replaced a ford and so saved local women from lifting their skirts as they crossed the brook on stepping stones.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MAINE ROAD<\/strong> is a road south of Manchester<\/strong> city centre that runs west of and parallel to Oxford Road<\/strong>.\u00a0 The road gave its name to Manchester City Football Club\u2019s stadium from 1923 to 2003, when it moved to the Etihad<\/strong> stadium.\u00a0 In the mid-19th<\/sup> century the road was called \u2018Dog Kennel Lane\u2019 as it led south to Dog Kennel Farm near Platt Fields<\/strong> where the dogs of the Didsbury<\/strong> Hunt had once been kept.\u00a0 Some adjacent land was purchased by the local temperance society in the early 1870s, but the society felt the name was inappropriate and in 1876 the name \u2018Maine Road\u2019 was adopted in reference to the prohibition laws passed by the U.S. state of Maine<\/em> in 1851.\u00a0 The dog kennels also inspired the name of Dog Kennel Brook, a stream, now largely culverted, which rises in Rusholme<\/strong> and flow south-west, passing close to what is now Maine Road.\u00a0 It then joins Chorlton<\/strong> Brook south of Mauldeth Road<\/strong> and eventually empties into the Bridgewater Canal.\u00a0 <\/strong>The American state of Maine was originally the colonial province of Maine, named in 1622 because of its Atlantic coastline and islands by the maine<\/em>, i.e. the sea.\u00a0 It became a U.S. state in 1820.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MAKERFIELD<\/strong> is a town that was in Lancashire<\/strong> until 1974, but is now divided between the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> in Greater Manchester<\/strong> and the Metropolitan Borough of St Helens in Merseyside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1121 as Macrefeld<\/em>, which is usually interpreted as \u2018open land by walls or ruins\u2019, where Celtic macre<\/em> seems to refer to the ruins of an older settlement in Wigan, but no further details are known.\u00a0 Alternatively, Macre<\/em> could be a Celtic personal name.\u00a0 It gives its name to Ashton-in-Makerfield,<\/strong> Ince-in-Makerfield <\/strong>and Orrell<\/strong>-in-Makerfield.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MAMUCIUM<\/strong> or MANCUNIUM<\/strong> forms part of the Castlefield<\/strong> Urban Heritage Park, which was opened to the public in 1982.\u00a0 It includes the excavated archaeological remains of the Roman fort of Mamucium<\/em>, as well as reconstructions of other parts.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u201cMANC-HATTAN\u201d <\/strong>is a nickname for the regeneration area at the southern area of Deansgate<\/strong> where several skyscrapers have been built in recent years.\u00a0 The term is a portmanteau word from Manc<\/em>hester + Manhattan<\/em> and seems to have been invented by Cale Green<\/strong>-based artist Eric Jackson in his 2019 poster \u2018Manc-hattan \u2013 Just like New York, but so much more charming\u2019.\u00a0 The poster shows skyscrapers towering above the \u2018Peveril of the Peak\u2019 pub in central Manchester<\/strong> (named after Sir Walter Scott\u2019s 1823 novel) and the statue of Prime Minister William Gladstone (1809-1898) in Albert Square<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER <\/strong>is a settlement in north-west England that was historically in Lancashire<\/strong> until 1974, when it became one of the 10 metropolitan boroughs of Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was established in about AD 79 as the Roman fort of Mamucium<\/strong>, a name probably taken from an older Celtic settlement meaning \u2018breast-shaped hill\u2019, from the Celtic mamm<\/em>.\u00a0 The Roman legions abandoned their fort in about AD 410 but by the time of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle at the end of the 9th<\/sup> century, the name had evolved to Mameceaster<\/em>, a hybrid with the Old English ceaster<\/em> (\u2018Roman fort\u2019) added to the Celtic root and a similar spelling of Mamecestre <\/em>was recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1). \u00a0The modern spelling with N rather than M is found from 1480 and was used by Celia Fiennes in 1698 and Daniel Defoe in about 1725.\u00a0 Manchester did not get its first MPs until 1832 and it was granted city status in 1853.\u00a0 At much the same time, the importance of the textile trade led to the nickname of \u201cCottonopolis<\/strong>\u201d.\u00a0 Since 1974 urban regeneration and the emergence of different cultures have seen new place names such as \u2018Madchester<\/strong>\u2019, China Town<\/strong>, Curry Mile<\/strong>, Eastlands<\/strong>, Gay Village<\/strong>, Manc-hattan<\/strong>, Northern Quarter<\/strong>, etc.\u00a0 A 2017 campaign to rename the city \u2018Personchester<\/strong>\u2019 because it was thought to be sexist foundered on its mistaken etymology.\u00a0 Manchester has lent its name to many places in the USA, including Manchester, New Hampshire.<\/p>\n

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MANCHESTER AIRPORT<\/strong> is an international airport some 11 kilometres south-west of the city centre.\u00a0 It was originally opened in 1938 and known as Manchester Ringway<\/strong> Airport but the name was changed to Manchester International Airport in 1975.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER ARENA <\/strong>is an entertainment and sporting venue in central Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 1993-95 above Victoria Station<\/strong>, which has four platforms dedicated to traffic to and from the Arena.\u00a0 It has been known by various names relating to company sponsorship:\u00a0 NYNEX (New York New England Exchange) Arena, MEN (Manchester Evening News) Arena, the Phones 4u Arena, and, since 2020, the AO (Appliances Online) Arena.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER CENTRAL STATION\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> GMEX<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER EXCHANGE STATION\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> EXCHANGE STATION<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER MUSEUM OF SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0See<\/em> LIVERPOOL ROAD<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER OXFORD ROAD STATION\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> OXFORD ROAD<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER PICCADILLY STATION\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> PICCADILLY STATION<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER SHIP CANAL <\/strong>is a 58-kilometre man-made waterway linking Manchester<\/strong> with the Irish Sea at Liverpool.\u00a0 It was built in 1887-1893 as the largest and last canal built in Britain.\u00a0 It was opened by Queen Victoria<\/strong> at Mode Wheel<\/strong> on 21 May 1894.\u00a0 It went into decline in the last quarter of the 20th<\/sup> century and the docks at Salford<\/strong> were purchased by Salford City Council from the Ship Canal Company in 1984 and developed as Salford Quays<\/strong>.\u00a0 The current owners of the canal plan to develop its potential for container traffic.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER VICTORIA STATION\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> VICTORIA STATION<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANLEY PARK <\/strong>is a residential area in Whalley Range<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong> and also a small park in the same area.\u00a0 It dates from 1857, when Samuel Mendel (1811-1884), a wealthy ship owner known as the \u2018Merchant Prince\u2019, built Manley Hall<\/em> with 50 rooms and a very good art collection in 32 hectares of gardens and greenhouses.\u00a0 Mendel made his fortune carrying Manchester textiles to India and Australia round the Cape of Good Hope but lost it when the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 gave his competitors a commercial advantage.\u00a0 The estate had to be auctioned and the grounds were used as a pleasure park, but they were gradually sold off for urban development and the house was demolished in 1905.\u00a0 The park is all that remains of the original grounds.\u00a0 The name means \u2018communal wood clearing\u2019, from the old English m<\/em>\u01e3ne<\/em> (\u2018common, belonging to all men\u2019) + l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018woodland clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARIE LOUISE GARDENS <\/strong>is a 2-hectare park between West Didsbury<\/strong> and Northenden <\/strong>in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is named after Marie Louise<\/em> Bagshawe, who was the daughter of Johann Georg Silkenstadt from Bremen in Germany, a wealthy cotton merchant who emigrated to Manchester in about 1865.\u00a0 Marie Louise died in 1891 and the park was donated to the people of Manchester in her memory by her mother, Josephine Helene Silkenstadt.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARK ADDY BRIDGE\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> WODEN FOOTBRIDGE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARKLAND HILL <\/strong>is a residential area west of Bolton<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is found elsewhere in Lancashire dating from the 13th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It would seem to mean \u2018boundary area hill\u2019, from Old English mearc <\/em>(\u2018boundary, border\u2019) + land<\/em> (\u2018tract of land\u2019) + hyll<\/em>, perhaps marking the boundary between farms, villages or parishes.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARLAND<\/strong> is a residential area in north-west Castleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1200 as Merlande<\/em>, meaning either \u2018tract of land by a lake\u2019, from Old English mere<\/em> (\u2018lake\u2019) + land<\/em>, or \u2018boundary land\u2019, from Old English m<\/em>\u01e3re<\/em> (\u2018boundary, border\u2019) + land<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARPLE<\/strong> is a town on the River Goyt<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, about 14 kilometres south-east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 Until 1974 it was part of Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1122 as Merpille<\/em> and with its modern spelling in 1355.\u00a0 The name means \u2018boundary stream\u2019, from Old English m<\/em>\u01e3re<\/em> (\u2018boundary\u2019) + pyll<\/em> (\u2018pool in a river; stream\u2019), referring to the River Goyt, which was traditionally the boundary between Cheshire<\/strong> and Derbyshire<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARPLE BRIDGE<\/strong> is a residential area on the River Goyt<\/strong> north-east of Marple<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the nearby village of Marple<\/strong> but is recorded separately as Marple Bridge in 1685.\u00a0 The bridge over the Goyt which gives the place its name was said to be in need of repair in 1621, so undoubtedly dated from much earlier.\u00a0 It seems that it was repaired but needed replacement by the 1790s.\u00a0 The new bridge was built in 1800 and this is the bridge that stands today, although it was widened in 1930.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARSH GREEN <\/strong>is a suburban area north of Pemberton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was recorded in the 19th<\/sup> century as a village but was developed as a housing estate in the 1950s.\u00a0 The name seems to be quite literal \u2013 a grassy area in marshes north of the Close Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the River Douglas<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARSLAND GREEN <\/strong>is a village west of Astley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> beside the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The name is recorded in the early 17th<\/sup> century as Marsley Green<\/em> and both names are recorded in the second half of the 19th<\/sup> century, but Marsland Green seems to have become the preferred name in the 20th<\/sup>.\u00a0 Marsley<\/em> means \u2018clearing in marshy land\u2019, from Old English mersc<\/em> + l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em>, referring to the local swampland.\u00a0 Green<\/em> refers to the pasture that was used for horses on the Bolton-Leigh<\/strong> turnpike and the Leigh extension of the Bridgewater Canal.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARSLANDS<\/strong> is a village south-west of Diggle<\/strong> in the Saddleworth<\/strong> area of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is an eponym recorded in 1322-23 in reference to Robert de Merslande<\/em>.\u00a0 The name is ultimately derived from the Old English mersc<\/em> (\u2018marsh) + land<\/em> (\u2018land, estate\u2019), suggesting that it was a drained moorland peat bog.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARTINSCROFT<\/strong> is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Warrington in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1332 and is an eponym meaning \u2018Martin<\/em>\u2019s enclosure or small farm\u2019.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 In Greater Manchester<\/strong> today there is a Metrolink tram stop called \u2018Martinscroft\u2019 that was opened on 3 November 2014 and which takes its name from its position on Martinscroft<\/em> Road.\u00a0 Martinscroft Road simply means \u2018the road to Martinscroft\u2019, which lies directly to the west.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARTLAND MILL <\/strong>is an industrial area beside the River Douglas<\/strong> and the Leeds & Liverpool Canal on the edge of Wigan<\/strong>, north-west of the town centre. The name dates back to the 14th<\/sup> century, when Martland<\/em> Manor and its corn mill were first recorded.\u00a0 The name is taken from the Markland<\/em> family, who were a prominent family in the Wigan area in mediaeval times.\u00a0 The mill seems to have gone out of use when the Douglas Navigation was built in 1738-42, cutting off its water supply.\u00a0 The manor house was not demolished until the 20th<\/sup> century, when the land was cleared to make way for Martland Mill industrial estate.\u00a0 Markland is said to derive from Old English mearc <\/em>(\u2018boundary\u2019) + lanu<\/em> (\u2018lane, road\u2019) as this marked the boundary between the parishes of Wigan and Standish<\/strong>.\u00a0 Over time, Markelane<\/em> was rationalised to Martland<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARUS BRIDGE <\/strong>is a residential area of Goose Green<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is taken from a bridge<\/em> in the town carrying the old Roman road from Wigan to Warrington and it has been given to a retail park nearby.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but local sources suggest that the bridge commemorates a Roman general named Marcus<\/em> who was in command of the district in about 130 AD.\u00a0 Whether the bridge was originally built by Marcus or was named at a later date is unclear.\u00a0 It is thought that in time the name was corrupted from Marcus to Marus.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARYLEBONE<\/strong> or MARRIEBONNE<\/strong> is a residential area east of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The spelling and origin of the name are uncertain and there have been many suggestions.\u00a0 It seems that the original name was Mariebonne \u2013 the first references seem to be Mariebonne House<\/em>, which was built in 1855, and cottages built on Mariebonne Place in 1895-1914.\u00a0 However, the spelling Marylebone is also found on maps before the end of the 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Suggestions for the origin include farms called Merrybone<\/em> or Marrowbone<\/em>, or a church called St Mary-on-the-Bourne <\/em>whose name may have been influenced by the Marylebone<\/em> district of London, which similarly originated as St Mary\u2019s bourne.\u00a0 Perhaps most convincing is that Mariebonne means \u2018St Mary the Good\u2019 and refers to a church or parish with this or a similar name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MATLEY<\/strong> is a rural area south of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1211 as Mattel <\/em>and as Mattlegh <\/em>in 1316.\u00a0 The name is an eponym meaning \u2018Matta\u2019s clearing\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Matta <\/em>+ l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018glade, woodland clearing\u2019).\u00a0 Oak Farm in Matley may suggest the type of woodland that was cleared.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MAULDETH ROAD <\/strong>stretches from Chorlton <\/strong>in the City of Manchester <\/strong>to Heaton Moor<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> and gives its name to a conservation area along the road.\u00a0 The name of the road is derived from Mauldeth Hall,<\/em> built in 1832-1840 and later used as the first residence of the Bishop of Manchester, but it is likely that the name is much older.\u00a0 It means \u2018marly earth\u2019, from the Middle English marle <\/em>+ eorthe<\/em>, referring to the clay in the soil in the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MAYFIELD PARK <\/strong>today is a 2.5-hectare public park sited on reclaimed land in central Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 Its name comes from the Old English m<\/em>\u00e6ddre<\/em>, meaning \u2018the mayweed or madder plant\u2018 (which, perhaps significantly, is used to produce a red dye, which may have been used in the textile industries) + feld<\/em>, \u2018field\u2019.\u00a0 At the end of the 18th<\/sup> century the area around what was then the small town of Manchester was surrounded by various fields and Mayfield was situated on the north bank of the River Medlock<\/strong>.\u00a0 In 1782, it was purchased by Thomas Hoyle, who built a large calico and printing works, including a dye house.\u00a0 The site was purchased by the London & North Western Railway for the new Mayfield station, which was opened in 1910 as a relief station for Manchester London Road<\/strong> (today, Manchester Piccadilly<\/strong>).\u00a0 Mayfield station was closed to passengers in 1960 and to all rail services in 1986.\u00a0 It gradually became derelict but in 2019 Depot Mayfield, a music venue, was opened, and in 2022 the southern part of the site was developed as Mayfield Park.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MEALHOUSE BROW<\/strong> is a street in central Stockport<\/strong> that appears in two paintings by L S Lowry (see<\/em> Appendix 2).\u00a0 It was recorded in 1680 as Wynn Bank (\u2018winding hill\u2019) and later as Dungeon Brow (as it was sited above the cells used for prisoners awaiting trial).\u00a0 It became known as Mealhouse Brow as it was the location for storing and selling grain or meal<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MEASUREMENTS HALT <\/strong>was a railway station opened in July 1932 by the London Midland & Scottish Railway to serve the Dobcross<\/strong> clock factory of Measurements<\/em> Ltd.\u00a0\u00a0 It was closed in May 1955 when the line from Oldham<\/strong> to Delph<\/strong> was shut.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MEDIACITYUK<\/strong>\u00a0is a property development in the Salford Quays<\/strong> district of the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 2007-2013 and named because major media <\/em>companies, including both the BBC and ITV Granada, built studios and production facilities there.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River MEDLOCK<\/strong> rises in Saddleworth<\/strong> and flows south-west for 16 kilometres into the Irwell<\/strong> in Hulme<\/strong> in the centre of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded as the Medlak<\/em> in 1292 and means \u2018meadow stream\u2019, from Old English m<\/em>\u01e3d <\/em>\u2018meadow\u2019 + lacu <\/em>\u2018stream\u2019.\u00a0 The form Medlok<\/em> appears in about 1540 and seems to be influenced by a false association with the word \u2018lock\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MELLOR <\/strong>is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally in Derbyshire<\/strong>, then became part of Cheshire<\/strong> in 1936, before being included in Greater Manchester<\/strong> in 1974.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1130 as Melver <\/em>or Meluer <\/em>and is said to mean \u2018the bare or smooth-topped hill\u2019 from the Celtic moel<\/em> (\u2019bare, bald\u2019) + bre<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MERCIA<\/strong> was one of the seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, located in the Midlands of England.\u00a0 It was established in about AD 527 and extended as far north as the River Mersey<\/strong>, although its control extended north of the Mersey into Northumbria<\/strong> and what are now parts of Great Manchester<\/strong> at times, especially after the Mercians\u2019 conversion to Christianity in the second half of the 7th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name is, like that of the Mersey, derived from the Old English m<\/em>\u01e3re<\/em>, meaning \u2018boundary\u2019 as the Mercians were thought of as \u2018boundary people\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MERE BROOK <\/strong>or MERE CLOUGH <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong> that rises in Waterdale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> and flows south-west through Philips Park <\/strong>to join the Irwell east of Prestwich<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1772, when a bleach works was built at the lower end of Mere Clough.\u00a0 The name comes from the Old English mere<\/em>, meaning \u2018lake, pond\u2019 + br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em> (\u2018stream\u2019) or cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em> (\u2018deep valley\u2019).\u00a0 Mere Brook is also known as Asylum Brook as it flows past Prestwich Mental Hospital, which was opened in 1851 as the Lancashire<\/strong> County Lunatic Asylum<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River MERSEY<\/strong>\u00a0is a major waterway of Greater<\/strong> Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is formed in Stockport<\/strong> through the confluence of the rivers Goyt<\/strong> and Tame<\/strong> and then flows westward.\u00a0 It joins the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> for some 6.5 kilometres but then separates near Warrington and flows into the Irish Sea at Liverpool, over 110 kilometres from its source.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1002 as M<\/em>\u00e6rse<\/em>, meaning \u2018boundary river\u2019 from the Old English gem<\/em>\u00e6re<\/em> (\u2018boundary\u2019) + \u0113a<\/em> (\u2018river\u2019).\u00a0 The Mersey formed the boundary between the old Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of Mercia<\/strong> and Northumbria<\/strong> from about AD 600 and, later on, between Cheshire<\/strong> and Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Virtually all of the rivers and brooks across Greater Manchester are tributaries of the Mersey, and the river gives its name to at least two towns in the county \u2013 Ashton-upon-Mersey<\/strong> and Heaton Mersey<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The MERSEY & IRWELL NAVIGATION <\/strong>was constructed in 1724-1734 to provide a navigable route between the Mersey at Runcorn and the Irwell<\/strong> at Hunt\u2019s Bank<\/strong> in Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was one of the first major man-made waterways in England but was not a true canal as it merely improved the existing rivers by eliminating meanders to straighten and shorten the route, and constructed weirs and locks to facilitate navigation.\u00a0 The word navigation<\/em> in this sense dates from 1720, and the Mersey & Irwell Navigation<\/strong> Act of 1720 was one of the very first uses.\u00a0 Among the locks were Throstles Nest<\/strong>, Mode Wheel<\/strong>, Barton<\/strong>, Calamanco <\/strong>and Sandywarps<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was a great success for nearly 150 years but had largely fallen out of use by the time the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> was completed in 1894.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MERSEYSIDE <\/strong>is a county to the west of Greater Manchester<\/strong> that was created in 1974 in what was previously south-west Lancashire<\/strong> and parts of northern Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1899 as a general term meaning \u2018beside <\/em>the River Mersey<\/em>\u2019 but was adopted as the name of the new county using the same model as counties and boroughs elsewhere in England, including Tameside<\/strong> in Greater Manchester.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MERSEY SQUARE <\/strong>is a pedestrianised shopping centre in Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in 1970 and was one of the first shopping precincts in Britain.\u00a0 It is named after the River Mersey<\/em>, which originates in Stockport and which runs deep beneath Mersey Square.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MESNES PARK<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0See<\/em> WORSLEY MESNES<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MICKER BROOK\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>BOLLINHURST BROOK<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MICKLEHURST<\/strong> is a district in Mossley<\/strong> in the Borough of Tameside<\/strong> that was formerly part of Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1345 as Mikelhourst<\/em>, from the Old English micel<\/em>, meaning \u2018large or great\u2019 + hyrst<\/em>, meaning \u2018wooded hill\u2019.\u00a0 It gives its name to Micklehurst Brook, a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MIDDLEBROOK<\/strong> or MIDDLE BROOK<\/strong> is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1292 as Mikelbrok<\/em>, meaning \u2018great brook\u2019, from the Old English micel<\/em> (\u2018big, great\u2019) + broc<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018brook, stream\u2019).\u00a0 The brook gave its name to the settlement and, over the years, the names of both became rationalised to \u2018Middlebrook\u2019.\u00a0 The Middle Brook itself is a tributary of the River Croal <\/strong>and was the usual name for the Croal until early in the 19th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MIDDLE HEALEY\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> HEALEY<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MIDDLE HULTON<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0See <\/em>HULTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MIDDLE NADEN RESERVOIR\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> NADEN<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MIDDLETON<\/strong> is a town on the River Irk<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are many places called Middleton<\/em> in Britain, all meaning \u2018middle homestead, village or settlement\u2019 and deriving from Old English middel<\/em> + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>.\u00a0 Middleton in Rochdale is recorded in 1194 as Middelton, <\/em>and is thought to be a reference to its position midway between Manchester<\/strong> and Rochdale<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MIDDLETON JUNCTION<\/strong> is an area in Middleton<\/strong> in the Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and Chadderton<\/strong> in the Borough of Oldham <\/strong>which was developed in the early 19th<\/sup> century as an industrial area along the Rochdale Canal.\u00a0 The Manchester & Leeds Railway\u2019s main line between the two cities was built in 1839 with a junction to Oldham Werneth<\/strong> and a station was opened on 31 March 1842.\u00a0 Initially named Oldham Junction, the station was renamed Middleton Junction<\/em> in 1852.\u00a0 The station was closed in 1966 and demolished but the area surrounding it retains the name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MIDLAND HOTEL<\/strong> is a large hotel in central Manchester<\/strong> opened in 1903 by the Midland<\/em> Railway close to its Manchester Central<\/strong> station.\u00a0 It is said to have been the first building in Britain to be air-conditioned, and in 1904 Charles Rolls met Henry Royce there and formed the Rolls Royce car company.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MID REDDISH\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> REDDISH<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MILE END<\/strong> is an area of Davenport<\/strong> in Stockport<\/strong> whose name means \u2018place at the end of a mile\u2019 from the centre of Stockport.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1587, when Alexander Lowe, the mayor of Stockport, was living in Mile End Hall<\/em>, which stood on the main road from Manchester <\/strong>to London (now the A6).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MILES PLATTING<\/strong> is an inner-city suburb of Manchester<\/strong> lying approximately 2 kilometres north-east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name first appears in 1742 referring to a bridge that carried the Oldham<\/strong> Road over Newton Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name comes from platting<\/em>, a Lancashire dialect term for a \u2018small bridge\u2019, which was located a mile <\/em>from the city centre.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MILL BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Douglas<\/strong> that rises north-east of Shevington <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and flows south to meet the Douglas near Crooke<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is derived from 18th<\/sup> century corn mills<\/em> in the area, probably Standish<\/strong> Mill on what then became Mill Brook.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MILLBROOK<\/strong> is a village near Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name literally means \u2018the mill by the brook\u2019 and is recorded in 1831.\u00a0 The mills referred to were cotton mills that were built in the early part of the 19th<\/sup> century and the brook is Swineshaw<\/strong> Brook (meaning \u2018swine wood\u2019), also first recorded in 1831, which flows through the village.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The name was perhaps standardised when the London & North Western Railway opened a station called Staley & Millbrook in July 1886.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MILL BROW, Marple Bridge<\/strong>, is a hamlet north-west of Mellor <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is believed that Ludworth<\/strong> Mill, a 13th-century corn mill<\/em> which served the scattered farms of what was then western Derbyshire<\/strong>, was the mill that gave the hamlet its name.\u00a0 The mill was presumably at the foot of the brow in the valley of Mill or Mill Brow Brook (a tributary of the River Goyt<\/strong>) below Mill Brow itself.\u00a0 Mill Brow is recorded in 1857 but Ludworth Mill is found rather earlier in 1714.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MILL BROW, Worsley<\/strong>, is a residential area north of Boothstown <\/strong>in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is derived from a corn mill which stood at the bottom of the brow (Old English bru<\/em> meaning \u2018a steep hill or bank that leads up from a river\u2019) and which was presumably powered by water from Stirrup Brook<\/strong>, which later becomes Ellen Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The corn mill is recorded in 1206 and was not finally demolished until 1904.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MILLERS BROOK <\/strong>is a short tributary of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 It rises north of Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and then flows north-east through Queen\u2019s Park<\/strong> to meet the Roch.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1847, when Millers Brook Mill<\/em> was erected, but may date back much further to the building of a water wheel to power a corn or textile mill<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MILLINGFORD BROOK <\/strong>is a 15-kilometre stream that rises near Billinge <\/strong>and flows south-west through Golborne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, before turning west to join Newton Brook<\/strong> and then flowing into the River Mersey<\/strong> at Sankey Bridges outside Warrington.\u00a0\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the 19th<\/sup> century and it is thought that it was probably originally called Golborne.\u00a0 At some point it was renamed Millingford Brook \u2013 \u2018the ford across the brook where milling takes place\u2019 \u2013 probably referring to a mediaeval corn milling<\/em> waterwheel rather than industrial cotton milling.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MILLS HILL<\/strong> is an industrial and residential area in east Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It lies on the Rochdale Canal and the River Irk<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented and, although many textile mills were built in the area in the 19th<\/sup> century, the name may be older and could refer to windmills<\/em> or corn mills<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MILNROW<\/strong> is a town on the River Beal<\/strong> in the Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> that was part of Lancashire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is first recorded as Milnehuses<\/em> in the 13th<\/sup> century but had become Mylnerowe<\/em> by 1554.\u00a0 The name means \u2018row of houses by a mill\u2019 from the Old English myln<\/em> (\u2018mill\u2019) + r<\/em>\u0101w<\/em> (\u2018a row of houses, trees, etc\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MIRRLEES FIELDS<\/strong> is a location in Hazel Grove<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> that includes the former factory site and recreational grounds of the Mirrlees<\/em> Engineering Company.\u00a0 The company was established in Glasgow in 1840 but moved to Hazel Grove in 1908, producing diesel engines.\u00a0 It closed in 2000 and the land may be developed into a housing estate.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MITCHELL HEY<\/strong> is a residential area of Rochdale<\/strong> west of the town centre within a loop in the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is believed to be an eponym derived from the family name Mitchell <\/em>+ Old English h<\/em>\u00e6g <\/em>meaning \u2018enclosure, hedged enclosure\u2019.\u00a0 In 1859 the site was purchased from a Mr William Holt by the Rochdale Pioneers<\/strong> for a steam-powered weaving mill to be run on co-operative principles.\u00a0 The chairman at the time was J T W Mitchell (1828-1895), but the naming of the mill was coincidental.\u00a0 When the mill was demolished, a block of flats with the same name was erected on the site in the 1960s.\u00a0 In 2017 it was announced that this block would be demolished as part of a new housing scheme.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MODE WHEEL <\/strong>today is an industrial estate in the City of Salford<\/strong> beside the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The Mode Wheel locks were the last on the Manchester Ship Canal, lifting ships 4 metres to the level of Salford docks, and it was at the Mode Wheel locks that Queen Victoria<\/strong> officially opened the Manchester Ship Canal on 21 May 1894.\u00a0 The Mode Wheel locks pre-dated the Manchester Ship Canal by some 170 years, having originally been built in the late 1720s as one of the 8 sets of locks on the Mersey & Irwell Navigation<\/strong>, enabling ships to sail from Runcorn to Hunt\u2019s Bank<\/strong> at Salford.\u00a0 The original Mode Wheel was a waterwheel that must have been constructed in the 16th<\/sup> century or even earlier to power a corn mill.\u00a0 This was named Maud\u2019s Mill<\/em> but the name had been corrupted to \u2018Mode Wheel\u2019 by the 1720s.\u00a0 Maud cannot be identified with any certainty but a Maud<\/em> de Worsley is known to have land in Pendleton<\/strong>, Woodhouses<\/strong> and Wallness<\/strong> in 1332.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOLYNEUX BROW<\/strong> was a hamlet north-west of Clifton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name was recorded in the early 17th<\/sup> century as Mullineux Brow<\/em> and with its more modern spelling in 1853, when the East Lancashire Railway opened Molyneux Brow<\/em> station, taking its name from a few cottages nearby.\u00a0 The name is assumed to be an Anglo-Norman eponym:\u00a0 a Norman from the town of Moulineaux<\/em> (\u2018mill of the waters\u2019) came over with William the Conqueror in 1066 and one of his descendants was given a manor in Sefton, outside Liverpool.\u00a0 The family were influential in Lancashire and two – Sir Thomas Molyneux<\/em> and Sir William Molyneux<\/em> – <\/strong>became sheriffs of the county in the late 15th<\/sup> and early 16th<\/sup> centuries.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MONKS HALL <\/strong>is a building in Eccles<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The original building is believed to date back to 1234 and took its name either from the monks<\/em> of Whalley Abbey, who owned land in Eccles, or from the de Monks<\/em> family, who are known to have lived in Eccles.\u00a0 Various buildings with various uses have stood on the site.\u00a0 The 17th<\/sup>-century building was purchased by Eccles council in 1959 and converted into a museum, but this closed in the late 1980s.\u00a0 Much of the building was destroyed by fire in 2016 and there are currently plans to convert it into housing.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MONSALL<\/strong> is a suburb of Manchester<\/strong>, north-east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name was recorded as Monshalgh<\/em> in 1546 and means \u2018monk\u2019s (Old English monke<\/em>) corner or nook (halh<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MONTON<\/strong> is a residential area in the City of Salford<\/strong>, lying on Dean\u2019s Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1190 as Mawinton<\/em>, believed to be an eponym meaning \u2018Mawinga\u2019s or Mawa\u2019s village or farmstead\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>.\u00a0 An alternative suggestion is that the name may be derived from monk<\/em> + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> as it is known that there was a monastic community in the area in mediaeval times.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MONTSERRAT<\/strong> is a residential area north-east of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is Catalan, meaning \u2018serrated or jagged mountain\u2019.\u00a0 It is said that a row of cottages was built early in the 19th<\/sup> century by an ex-soldier who had fought with the Duke of Wellington<\/strong> in the Peninsular War in Spain.\u00a0 In 1811 and 1812 the monastery at Montserrat<\/em> in Catalonia in north-east Spain was destroyed by Napoleon\u2019s troops and the builder named the cottages to commemorate the monastery.\u00a0 In the 1930s the cottages were demolished and, after the war, an estate was built and given the name Montserrat.\u00a0 The estate now seems to be called Johnson Fold<\/strong> but Montserrat still appears on maps as the name of the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOORCLOSE<\/strong> is a residential area of Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is not well documented before the 19th<\/sup> century and, while the location is close to Rooley Moor<\/strong>, the name is thought to derive from being an area of the moors<\/em> that was enclosed<\/em> following they Middleton Enclosure Act of 1803.\u00a0 After World War II, a council housing estate was built in Moorclose using the labour of former prisoners from Slattocks<\/strong> prisoner-of-war camp.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOOREND<\/strong> is a hamlet east of Mellor<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally part of Derbyshire<\/strong> but was transferred to Cheshire<\/strong> in 1936 and to Greater Manchester<\/strong> in 1974.\u00a0 The name is documented in 1640, when it marked the end of the farmland and settlements of Mellor and the start of the common land of the moors to the east.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOORGATE<\/strong> is a residential area north of Stalybridge <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1831 and literally means \u2018gate<\/em>way to the moors<\/em>\u2019, referring to its location close to the moors<\/em> of the Derbyshire<\/strong> Peak District<\/strong> to the east.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOORSIDE\u00a0<\/strong>is a suburb of north-east Oldham<\/strong>, close to the moors of Saddleworth<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1843 as Moor Side<\/em>, literally meaning \u2018beside<\/em> the moors<\/em>\u2019 of the west Pennines<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MORRIS GREEN<\/strong> is a residential area south of Daubhill<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is said to be an eponym meaning \u2018the bleaching green belonging to someone named Morris\u2019.<\/em>\u00a0 This refers to the practice of laying newly-made cloth out on a grass plot to be bleached by the sun.\u00a0 The Oxford English Dictionary<\/em> records the first use of green<\/em> with this meaning in 1738.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MORTIN BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Etherow<\/strong> that rises north of Compstall<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport <\/strong>and flows south-east for about 3.2 kilometres through Mortin Clough (Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>, \u2018a steep-sided valley\u2019) to join the Etherow.\u00a0 Mortin<\/em> is probably a personal name and was recorded as both Mortin<\/em> and Martin<\/em> on maps from the early 19th<\/sup> century but the spelling was later standardised as Mortin.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSES GATE<\/strong> is a residential area of Farnworth<\/strong> in the Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, about 4 kilometres south of Bolton town centre and 17.5 kilometres north-west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Moss Gate<\/em> in 1818 but is probably mediaeval in origin, deriving from Old English mos<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a bog or swamp\u2019) + Old Norse gata<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a road, a street\u2019).\u00a0 The original meaning would have been \u2018the road across the swamp\u2019, but was rationalised to Moses, despite having nothing to do with the Old Testament character.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSLEY COMMON <\/strong>is a residential area of Tyldesley<\/strong> in the east of the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1301 as Mosseld Yard<\/em>, meaning \u2018the woodland clearing near a swamp\u2019, from Old English mos <\/em>(\u2018marsh, swamp\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018wood, clearing\u2019).\u00a0 The use of yard<\/em> at this early date would probably be from Old English geard<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018an enclosure; a court-yard\u2019).\u00a0 The use of common<\/em> rather than yard<\/em> is found in 1747, when Mosley Common was said to be 14 hectares in area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSS BANK PARK<\/strong> is an 85-hectare public park in Bolton <\/strong>opened to the public in 1928.\u00a0 The site was formerly an estate belonging to Peter Ainsworth, a bleacher from Halliwe<\/strong>ll.\u00a0 The estate included a country house, Halliwell Hall, and fields which were used for the sun-bleaching of newly-made cloth.\u00a0 Moss Bank is a common name in the north-west, deriving from the Old English mos<\/em> (\u2018marsh, swamp\u2019) + banke<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018slope of a hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSSBROW <\/strong>is a hamlet south of Partington<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but seems to come from Moss Brow<\/em> farm, situated on the brow<\/em> or higher part of Moss Lane, which was covered with moss<\/em>.\u00a0 Some of the buildings date from the 16th<\/sup> century but it is unclear when the name came into use.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSS GATE <\/strong>is a residential area of Shaw <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, lying south of Moss Gate, a 253-metre hill in the west Pennines<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from what is now called Moss Gate<\/em> Road, which connects Rushcroft<\/strong> and Jubilee<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1847, when a Methodist church was opened on Moss Gate Road, but the derivation – Old English mos<\/em> (\u2018marsh, swamp) + Old Norse gata<\/em> (\u2018road\u2019) \u2013 suggests that it is probably much older.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSS HEY <\/strong>is a residential area of Shaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, west of the River Beal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1789, when Moss Hey<\/em> cotton mill was constructed.\u00a0 The name means \u2018enclosed area of swampy land\u2019, from Old English mos<\/em> (\u2018marsh, swamp\u2019) + h\u00e6g <\/em>meaning \u2018enclosure, hedged enclosure\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSSLEY<\/strong> is a town beside the River Tame<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, about 15 kilometres east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 It was formerly divided between Lancashire<\/strong>, Cheshire <\/strong>and the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong>, but in 1889 it was allocated wholly to Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 In 1974 it was included in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 By the start of the 19th<\/sup> century, the town was divided between Top Mossley (also known as Brookbottom<\/strong>) and Bottom Mossley (also known as Bottoms<\/strong>).\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1319 as Moselegh<\/em> and with its modern spelling from 1422.\u00a0 It means \u2018woodland clearing near a swamp\u2019, from Old English mos <\/em>(\u2018marsh, swamp\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018wood, clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSS NOOK <\/strong>is a residential part of Wythenshawe<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong> about 14.5 kilometres south of the city centre.\u00a0 Until 1931 it was a rural part of Northen Etchells<\/strong> in Cheshire<\/strong> known for its market gardening, but it underwent urban development after the Second World War.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 12th<\/sup> century as Moseknok<\/em>, meaning \u2018corner of marshy land\u2019, from Middle English mos <\/em>(\u2018bog, swamp, marsh\u2019) + nok<\/em> (\u2018corner of land\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSS PARK GARDENS <\/strong>is a small public space in Timperley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area is referred to in 1765 as a \u2018parcel of moss ground\u2019, from the old English mos<\/em> meaning \u2018marsh, swamp\u2019.\u00a0 By the 1830s it seems to have been drained as it is recorded as a farm and orchard.\u00a0 The land was sold to Altrincham<\/strong> Borough Council in 1940 and laid out as a small park in 1974.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSS SIDE<\/strong> is a residential area of Manchester<\/strong>, south of the city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1530 as Mossyde<\/em> and with its modern two-word spelling in 1594, meaning \u2018beside or edge of the swamp\u2019, from Old English mos <\/em>(\u2018marsh, swamp\u2019) + side <\/em>(\u2018beside\u2019).\u00a0 The name describes the pre-industrial landscape of much of Manchester which shocked Daniel Defoe in about 1725:\u00a0 \u2018The nature of these mosses, for we found there are many of them in this country \u2026 at a distance, looks black and dirty, and is indeed frightful to think of\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSS SLACK BROOK <\/strong>rises near Windy Hill<\/strong> on the border between the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and Calderdale in West Yorkshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It flows south-east to join Longden End Brook<\/strong>, which eventually empties into Hollingworth Lake<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name comes from Moss Slack<\/em>, the moorland area where it rises, which means\u2019 boggy hill slope\u2019, from Old English mos<\/em>, meaning \u2018marsh, bog\u2019 + Old Norse slakki<\/em>, \u2018a small shallow valley or hollow\u2019, perhaps with the idea that the slope slackens and becomes less steep.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSTON <\/strong>is suburb of Manchester<\/strong> lying about 5 kilometres north-east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name Moston<\/em> was first recorded in 1195 and is derived from Old English mos<\/em>, meaning \u2018bog or swamp\u2019+ t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>, \u2019settlement or farm\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSTON BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irk<\/strong> which is formed through the confluence of Hole Bottom Brook<\/strong> and Bower Brook<\/strong> in Failsworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It then flows south-west for about 6 kilometres to empty into the Irk near Smedley<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is derived from Old English mos<\/em>, meaning \u2018bog or swamp\u2019+ t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>, \u2019settlement or farm\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOTTRAM IN LONGDENDALE <\/strong>is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, although part of Cheshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1211 as Mottrum <\/em>and in 1308 as Mottram in Longedenedale<\/em>.\u00a0 Mottram<\/em> is usually said to mean \u2018place of the speakers\u2019 or \u2018place where meetings are held\u2019, from the Old English m<\/em>\u014dtere <\/em>(\u2018speaker at an assembly\u2019) or m<\/em>\u014dt<\/em> (\u2018meeting, assembly of people\u2019) + r<\/em>\u016bm<\/em> (\u2018room, space\u2019).\u00a0 Another possibility is that Mottram<\/em> comes from the Celtic moch<\/em> (\u2018pigs\u2019) + tref<\/em> (\u2018homestead, village\u2019).\u00a0 Longdendale<\/strong> was added to distinguish it from Mottram St Andrew in Cheshire, and refers to the long valley of the River Etherow<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

MUDD <\/strong>or The MUDD <\/strong>is a hamlet in Mottram in Longdendale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1845 but it is evident that there has been a settlement since mediaeval times.\u00a0 The name literally means \u2018mud\u2019, from the Old English mudde.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MUMPS<\/strong> is an area of Oldham<\/strong> which is said to take its name from the 17th<\/sup>-century slang term mumper<\/em>, meaning \u2018a genteel beggar\u2019.\u00a0 The name seems to have been standardised by a station originally built by the Manchester & Leeds Railway in July 1856 and perpetuated by a Metrolink tram stop named Oldham Mumps, which re-opened in 2014.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MYTHAM <\/strong>is a residential area in Little Lever<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong> that also gives its name to Mytham Park.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but Mytham Farm is recorded in 1805.\u00a0 The name comes from the Old English gem\u0233thu<\/em> + h<\/em>\u0101m<\/em>, meaning \u2018village at the confluence of streams or rivers\u2019, referring to confluence of the Croal<\/strong> and Irwell <\/strong>south-west of Little Lever.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
N<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NADEN BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises above Norden<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and flows southwards through Simpson Clough<\/strong> to join the Roch in Heywood<\/strong>.\u00a0 Naden Brook is recorded as Nauedenbrok<\/em> in the 13th<\/sup> century and means \u2018meandering valley stream\u2019, from Old English n<\/em>\u00e6dre<\/em> (\u2018adder-like, meandering\u2019) + denu<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019) + br\u014dc<\/em> (\u2018stream\u2019).\u00a0 The valley and the brook gave their name to settlements called Naden on the hillside above.\u00a0 Naden Brook feeds the three Naden Reservoirs \u2013 Lower Haden, Middle Naden and Higher Naden \u2013 which were constructed in 1846 north of what is now Greenbooth Reservoir<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NAILER\u2019S GREEN <\/strong>or NAILER\u2019S FIELD <\/strong>is the former name of the village of Greenmount<\/strong> in Tottington<\/strong> in the north of the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name was taken from a pub called the Nailer\u2019s<\/em>, but the pub was demolished and a local community group campaigned for the village to be renamed.\u00a0 A sign with the new name was unveiled in 2016.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NANGREAVE<\/strong> was an area of Stockport<\/strong> south-east of the town centre which once gave its name to a farm.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1281 as Knavenegreue<\/em>, meaning \u2018the grove (Old English gr<\/em>\u01e3fe<\/em>) of the knaves or young people (cnafa<\/em>)\u2019.\u00a0 The name is still found in a prominent road in Heaviley<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NAN HOLES BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong> that rises east of Ashton-in-Makerfield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and flows east\/south-east to Hey Brook<\/strong>, which then joins Pennington Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is a forename eponym that appears on Ordnance Survey maps at the turn of the 20th<\/sup> century and probably means \u2018the stream flowing from or through hollows<\/em> belonging to someone called Anne<\/em> or Agne<\/em>s\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NARROW GATE BROW <\/strong>is a hamlet north-west of Shaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is mentioned in 1804, when John Cowper of Narrow Gate Brow was transported for possessing forged bank notes, but probably dates from a much earlier time.\u00a0 The name suggests a narrow (Old English nearu<\/em>, Middle English narwe<\/em>) road (Old Norse gata<\/em>) at the top of a hill (Old English bru<\/em>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NAVIGATION ROAD <\/strong>is a street in Altrincham<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>, and also a station, originally opened in 1931, that serves both Northern Rail trains and Metrolink trams.\u00a0 The name refers to the nearby Bridgewater Canal<\/strong>, which was originally referred to as a \u2018navigation\u2019.\u00a0\u00a0 A navigation<\/em> is a river that has been straightened and dredged to make it navigable, rather than a totally artificial canal.\u00a0 The word in this sense dates from 1720, and the Mersey & Irwell Navigation<\/strong> Act of 1720 was one of the very first uses.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEAR BARROWSHAW\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> BARROWSHAW<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEAR WAIN STONES\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> WAIN STONES<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NETHER LEES\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> LEES<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEWALL GREEN <\/strong>is a district in Wythenshawe<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>, south of the city centre.\u00a0 The name is taken from Newall Green<\/em> Farm, which is thought to go back at least as far as the 16th<\/sup> century and which still exists today, although much of the farmland has been used for residential development since 1937.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1841 as New Hall Green<\/em> but the current spelling is found from 1842.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>It comes from the Old English n\u012bwe<\/em> + halh<\/em>, meaning \u2018new nook of land or new piece of dry ground\u2019, perhaps referring to a newly-drained piece of land in an area with many streams.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW BAILEY <\/strong>was originally a prison in Salford<\/strong>, the largest in England at the time, built in 1787-1790 to the designs of John Howard (1726-1790), after whom the Howard League for Prison Reform is named.\u00a0 The jail was paid for by Thomas Butterworth Bayley<\/em> (1744-1802), the High Sheriff of Lancashire, and named \u2018New Bailey\u2019 to distinguish it from the Old Bailey in London.\u00a0 The prison was closed in 1868 when the new Strangeways<\/strong> prison was opened.\u00a0 A bridge with the same name was built over the River Irwell<\/strong> in 1783-1785, but this too was demolished and replaced by the Albert Bridge <\/strong>in 1843-1844.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW BARNS <\/strong>was located in Weaste <\/strong>in the City of Salford<\/strong> on a site now occupied by MediaCityUK<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was notable as the location of Manchester Racecourse until its closure in 1963.\u00a0 The name appears on a 1786 map of Lancashire<\/strong> and is probably quite literal, referring to new barns<\/em> built for Hulme <\/strong>Hall or another local estate.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW BARRACKS<\/strong> is a residential estate built by Salford <\/strong>Corporation in 1900-1904.\u00a0 It takes its name from the Salford Infantry Barracks<\/em>, built in 1819 and closed down in 1896.\u00a0 The land was then purchased by Salford Corporation and transformed into one of the first housing estates in what is now Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 Coronation Street<\/strong> was one of the streets on the estate.\u00a0 See also <\/em>BARRACK PARK<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEWBOLD <\/strong>is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1200 as Neubolt<\/em>, but the modern spelling is found by about 1300.\u00a0 It means \u2018new building\u2019 from Old English n\u012bwe <\/em>(\u2018new\u2019) + bold<\/em> (\u2018building; dwelling\u2019), but it is uncertain what buildings are referred to.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW CROSS <\/strong>is a residential and commercial area in the City of Manchester<\/strong> north-east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name is found from the late 18th<\/sup> century and, while there was what was probably a market cross<\/em> there by 1807, it seems more likely that it comes from its position around a major crossroads<\/em>.\u00a0 The four roads that meet here are Oldham Street (probably named after Adam Oldham, a local hat and felt-maker), Oldham <\/strong>Road (originally called Newton Lane because it leads to what is now Newton Heath<\/strong>), Great Ancoats <\/strong>Street, and Swan Street (originally named New Cross Street by 1781 but renamed by 1806).\u00a0 The name tended to fall out of use in the 1960s but has recently been revived for a regeneration area as part of the Victoria North<\/strong> new town project.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW DELPH \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> DELPH<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW EARTH<\/strong> is a residential and commercial area of Oldham <\/strong>beside New Earth Street and south-east of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is Biblical and refers to the ending of the world:\u00a0 \u2018we are looking forward to a new heaven and a new earth<\/em>, where righteousness dwells\u2019 (2 Peter 3: 13).\u00a0 The name seems to date from the 19th<\/sup> century and was probably given by the Moravian church, who were established in Oldham in 1824 and named nearby Salem<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEWHEY <\/strong>is a suburban village near Milnrow<\/strong> in the Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It seems to have developed from the enclosure of surrounding moorland and this is reflected in the \u2018new\u2019 part of its name, which was first recorded in 1828.\u00a0 The second element, hey<\/em>, is older, probably from the Old English h\u00e6g<\/em>, meaning \u2018fence or enclosure\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW ISLINGTON<\/strong>\u00a0is an inner-city area of Ancoats<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong> that has recently undergone regeneration.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the late 18th<\/sup> century, and in the 19th<\/sup> century it was applied both to a street and a cotton mill dating from 1788.\u00a0 The name was originally a move to gentrify the area by adopting the name of the fashionable London district of Islington<\/em>, but in the 19th<\/sup> century the area acquired a reputation that was far from fashionable and the name fell out of use.\u00a0 Nevertheless, residents of the newly-regenerated area chose to resurrect the name after the millennium.\u00a0 Islington in London is a mediaeval eponymic name meaning \u2018hill of a man called G\u012bsla<\/em>\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW JACKSON<\/strong> is a regeneration area in central Manchester<\/strong> and Hulme <\/strong>described by the developers as a \u2018new community\u2019 or a \u2018skyscraper district\u2019.\u00a0 The \u2018new\u2019 name is recorded in 2024 but dates back to a farm in the 16th or 17th<\/sup> centuries or even earlier.\u00a0 \u2018Mr Jackson\u2019s<\/em> Farm\u2019 appears on a map of 1831 but the urbanisation and industrialisation of the area were already under way by that date:\u00a0 Jackson\u2019s grain warehouse was built in 1836 and a police station was built on Jackson Street (later renamed Great Jackson Street) in 1843.\u00a0\u00a0 The regeneration project was initially known as the Great Jackson Street scheme, but this morphed into \u2018New Jackson\u2019 once the project had been approved and is now part of what is sometimes called Manc-hattan<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW MANCHESTER <\/strong>is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It dates from the early 19th<\/sup> century, when miners moved here from Manchester<\/strong> to work in the Duke of Bridgewater’s<\/strong> collieries and transferred the names of the streets from the City of Manchester to the village.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW MOSTON\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> MOSTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW SIRS <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> OLD SIRS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW SPRINGS <\/strong>is a suburb in Wigan<\/strong>, north-east of the town centre, with a housing estate built in the 1970s.\u00a0 While some of the buildings may be as old as the 16th<\/sup> century, the name seems to date from the mid-19th<\/sup> century, when a new <\/em>community was established and a Primitive Methodist chapel was opened there in 1868.\u00a0 The name references the area of south-east Wigan known as Springs<\/em>, from the large number of springs and wells in the area.\u00a0\u00a0 The Wigan Branch Railway Act of 1830 authorised the Northern Union Railway\u2019s Springs<\/em> branchline, which connected to the collieries of the area, including Springs Colliery, when it opened in the early 1840s.\u00a0 See also<\/em> SPRING VIEW<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW TAME \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0See<\/em> OLD TAME<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEWTON<\/strong> is the most common place name in England, with at least 87 towns or villages carrying the name.\u00a0 All mean \u2018the new settlement\u2019 from the Old English n\u012bwe<\/em> + t\u016bn.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEWTON, Tameside<\/strong> is an area of Hyde<\/strong> that was formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Neweton <\/em>and with its modern spelling in 1320.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEWTON BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Medlock<\/strong> that rises south-west of Newton Heath<\/strong>, from where it takes its name.\u00a0 It flows south-west through Miles Platting<\/strong> to join Shooters Brook<\/strong> north-east of Ancoats <\/strong>in the City of Manchester.\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEWTON HEATH<\/strong> is a residential area of the City of Manchester<\/strong>, 4.5 kilometres north-east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name Newton<\/em> is recorded in 1322 but much of Newton was absorbed into Miles Platting<\/strong> in the 19th<\/sup> century and the name fell into disuse.\u00a0 The remaining portion was given the name Newton Heath<\/em>, meaning \u2018the heath beside Newton\u2019.\u00a0 The full name Newton Heath dates from 1843 and was standardised by the opening of Newton Heath station by the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway on 1 December 1853.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW WINDSOR\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>WINDSOR<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW YEAR\u2019S BRIDGE RESERVOIR <\/strong>east of Denshaw <\/strong>was built in 1876-83 to supply drinking water for Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is fed by Dowry Water<\/strong> and the water that flows from the southern end of the reservoir forms the starting point of the River Tame<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is evident that the bridge pre-dates both the building of the reservoir and of New Year\u2019s Bridge Mill (which was built in about 1786 and now lies under the waters of the reservoir) by a considerable period.\u00a0 The origin of the name is unclear but it has been suggested that the bridge<\/em> was used as a meeting point, perhaps for the payment of tithes or taxes due on new year\u2019s<\/em> day.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NICO DITCH<\/strong> is a 10-kilometre defensive ditch and fortification between Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> and Stretford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is believed to have been constructed at some time between the 5th<\/sup> and the 11th<\/sup> centuries, and parts can still be seen today.\u00a0 According to legend, it was built in just one night in AD 869-870 to guard against Viking invaders.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1190 as Mykeldiche<\/em>, meaning \u2018large or great ditch\u2019, from the Old English micel <\/em>(\u2018big, great\u2019) + d<\/em>\u012bc<\/em>.\u00a0 Over time, the name became corrupted to \u2018Nico\u2019.\u00a0 It is said that Reddish<\/strong>, meaning \u2018reedy ditch\u2019, refers to Nico Ditch, which at one time formed the northern border of the settlement.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NIMBLE NOOK<\/strong> is a residential area south-west of Chadderton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1825 but is probably much older.\u00a0 Middle English nok<\/em> means \u2018a triangular plot of land\u2019, but the derivation and meaning of Nimble<\/em> are unclear.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NOB END<\/strong>\u00a0is a 9-hectare nature reserve near Little Lever<\/strong> and Kearsley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1824 as the village of Knob End<\/em>, from the Middle English knob<\/em> or nob<\/em>, meaning \u2018a knoll, round-topped promontory\u2019, and referring to the shape of a nearby small hill some 10 metres high at the confluence of the Rivers Croal<\/strong> and Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 Later in the century, between 1850 and 1870, the site was used as a toxic tip for alkali waste.\u00a0 The name is sometimes considered vulgar and the Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal preferred Prestolee<\/strong> Locks to Nob End Locks.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NOMA <\/strong>is an 8-hectare commercial, residential and recreational redevelopment project in the City of Manchester<\/strong>, north of the city centre, close to Victoria Station<\/strong> and the River Irk<\/strong>, and including Angel Meadows<\/strong>.\u00a0 NOMA is a portmanteau word created in 2011 from NO<\/em>rth MA<\/em>nchester and was inspired by the SOMA (SOuth of MArket) development in San Francisco.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NOOK <\/strong>is a residential area of Shaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are several places in Greater Manchester<\/strong> with nook<\/em> as one element of their name, all derived from Middle English n<\/em>\u014dk<\/em> (\u2018nook of land; triangular plot\u2019).\u00a0 Nook in Shaw is unique in that it is a singleton \u2013 there is no preceding element to give further definition.\u00a0 It is recorded on a map of 1786 as a few buildings at a road junction east of Shaw.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORBURY <\/strong>is a district and former mining village in Hazel Grove<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> which was formerly included in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Nordberie<\/em>, from the Old English nord<\/em>, meaning \u2018north\u2019 and burh<\/em>, meaning \u2018settlement\u2019.\u00a0 The southern equivalent would be Sudbury.\u00a0 Sudbury in Derbyshire<\/strong> is about 80 kilometres south-east of Norbury and is also mentioned in the Domesday Book.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORDEN<\/strong> is a village on the western edge of the town of Rochdale<\/strong> on the north bank of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is said to be recent but its origin is uncertain.\u00a0 One suggestion is that it is a corruption of Naden<\/strong>, from Old English Old English n<\/em>\u00e6dre<\/em> (\u2018adder-like, meandering\u2019) + denu<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019), as Naden Brook<\/strong> rises nearby.\u00a0 More plausibly, it describes its location and means \u2018northern valley\u2019, deriving from the Old English north<\/em> + denu<\/em>.\u00a0 On the opposite bank lies Sudden<\/strong>, meaning \u2018southern valley\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORDEN ETCHELLS <\/strong>or NORTHERN ETCHELLS\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>ETCHELLS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORLEY <\/strong>is a residential area west of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1293 as Nortlegh<\/em> and means \u2018northern clearing\u2019, from the Old English north<\/em> + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018wood, clearing\u2019).\u00a0\u00a0 The Norley estate was built in the late 1940s and 1950s on the site of Norley Colliery, which occupied much of what had been Norley Hall, a mediaeval country house owned by the Le Norrey family.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORMAN HILL RESERVOIR <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> is one of the chain of six reservoirs – Ogden<\/strong><\/a>, Kitcliffe<\/strong><\/a>, Piethorne<\/strong><\/a>, Hanging Lees<\/strong><\/a>, Rooden<\/strong><\/a> and Norman Hill<\/strong><\/a> \u2013 built in the Piethorne Valley in 1858-66 to supply water to Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The reservoir takes its name from nearby Norman Hill,<\/em> first recorded on the Ordnance Survey maps of the area in the 1850s.\u00a0 The name seems to be an example of the forename eponyms which are common in the area \u2013 Dick Hill<\/strong>, Ben Heys and Nicholas Pike are all found in this part of Rochdale.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORRIS BANK <\/strong>and NORRIS Hill<\/strong> are residential areas to the west of Heaton Norris <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 Norris Bank takes its name from a house with that name built in about 1840, and the urban development that took place around it later in the 19th<\/sup> century led to the creation of Norris Bank parish in 1899.\u00a0 The Norris element is taken from nearby Heaton Norris<\/em>, which is named after the 12th<\/sup> century Norman landowner, William le Norreys<\/em>.\u00a0 The bank<\/em> refers to the slope down to the River Mersey<\/strong>, which lies to the south of the Heatons.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORTH BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> which rises on Rocher <\/strong>Moss in the Peak District <\/strong>National Park in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows south-west through North Clough to meet South Brook<\/strong> and then join Diggle <\/strong>Brook, which then joins the Tame near Diggle.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1468 as Northclogh-hede<\/em>, meaning \u2018the top or head<\/em> (Old English heafod<\/em>) of the north (Old English nord<\/em>) ravine (cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORTHENDEN<\/strong> is a southern suburb of the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was formerly in Cheshire<\/strong> and lies on the southern banks of the River Mersey<\/strong>, which was the traditional border between Lancashire<\/strong> and Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Northenden was mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see Appendix 1) as Norwordine, <\/em>and was recorded simply as Northern <\/em>as late as 1577.\u00a0 The name comes from the Old English north<\/em> + worthign<\/em>, meaning \u2018northern enclosed settlement\u2019.\u00a0 The Stockport Timperley & Altrincham Junction Railway opened Northenden station in February 1866 and the railway, together with the development of housing estates following its absorption by the City of Manchester in 1931, saw the area develop from a rural into a suburban community.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORTHERN MOOR<\/strong>\u00a0is a residential area of the City of Manchester<\/strong>, approximately 8 kilometres south of the city centre.\u00a0 It was previously in Cheshire <\/strong>and seen as part of Northenden<\/strong>, which lies to the east.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but was formerly spelled \u2018Northen Moor\u2019, meaning \u2018the moor of Northenden<\/em>\u2019, but over time the name was rationalised to \u2018Northern\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORTHERN QUARTER <\/strong>is an entertainment and commercial area of Manchester<\/strong> city centre north<\/em> of Piccadilly Gardens <\/strong>in the area formerly occupied by Smithfield Market.\u00a0 <\/strong>The name was given in the 1990s by local people to identify the vibrant cultural lifestyle and nightlife of the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORTH MOOR <\/strong>or NORTHMOOR<\/strong> is a south-western suburb of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1868, when the North Moor Wesleyan Church was opened, although it is known that the North Moor Primitive Methodist Society had meetings in a cellar for several years previously.\u00a0 The residents of North Moor Road are listed in the 1851 and it may be that North Moor Road led west to Westwood<\/strong>, which is built on a hillside known as North Moor.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORTH REDDISH \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0See<\/em> REDDISH<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORTHUMBRIA<\/strong> was one of the seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England, and included all of what is now Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 10th<\/sup>-century Anglo Saxon Chronicle<\/em>, which states that \u2018In this year (AD 923), in late autumn, King Edward the Elder (son of Alfred the Great) went \u2026 to occupy Manchester<\/strong> in Northumbria, and had it repaired and garrisoned\u2019.\u00a0 The name means \u2018north<\/em> of the Humber\u2019<\/em> \u2013 the River Humber was the boundary in the east but in the west the River Mersey<\/strong> marked the boundary between Mercia<\/strong> and Northumbria.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NUTHURST<\/strong> was a mediaeval hamlet near Moston<\/strong> in what is now north Manchester<\/strong>, north-east of the city centre.\u00a0 Great Nuthurst <\/em>Hall is recorded in 1200 and the name means \u2018hill with nut trees\u2019, perhaps hazelnuts or sweet chestnuts, from Old English knutu<\/em> (\u2018nut\u2019) + hyrst<\/em> (\u2018wooded hill\u2019).\u00a0 The name survives in Nuthurst Park, which was opened in 1915.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NUTSFORD VALE <\/strong>today is a country park in east Manchester<\/strong> close to Gorton<\/strong>, Levenshulme<\/strong> and Longsight<\/strong>.\u00a0 Early in the 19th<\/sup> century it was a farm spelled Knutsford Vale but later in the century various factories were built and the spelling became Nutsford Vale.\u00a0 By the 1980s it had become a landfill site, which was transformed into a country park by 2017.\u00a0 The name is clearly linked to Knutsford<\/em> in Cheshire<\/strong> in some way, although the modern spelling somewhat obscures this.\u00a0 Knutsford is an eponym derived from the Viking personal name Knut<\/em> + Old English ford<\/em>.\u00a0 It is sometimes said that Knut was King Canute, but this is probably folk etymology.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NUTTALL PARK <\/strong>is a 10.7-hectare park on the River Irwell<\/strong> close to Ramsbottom<\/strong> town centre in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the former village of Nuttall<\/em>, which is recorded in 1256 as Noteho<\/em>, meaning \u2018bare or nut hill\u2019, from the Old English hnott<\/em> (\u2018bare, bald\u2019) or hnutu<\/em> (\u2018nut\u2019) + h\u014dh<\/em> (\u2018heel; spur of land\u2019), referring to a hill to the west of the Irwell on which the village stood.\u00a0 The original Nuttall Hall was built in the 14th<\/sup> century by the De Notogh family.\u00a0 A new hall was built in 1817 and demolished in 1908, but its grounds were opened in 1928 as Nuttall Park.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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O<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OAKENBOTTOM <\/strong>is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1246 as Akinbothun<\/em>, meaning \u2018oaks in the valley bottom\u2019, from Old English acen<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018oaken: growing with oak-trees\u2019) + botm<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a broad river-valley\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OAKEN LEE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises on Oaken Hill north of Castleshaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows west and then south-west through Oaken Lee Clough into Castleshaw Upper Reservoir.\u00a0 Oaken Hill<\/em> is recorded in 1750 and Oaken Lee Brook means \u2018the stream (Old English br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em>) that flows through the wood or glade (l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em>) covered with oak trees (\u0101cen<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OAK MEADOW PARK <\/strong>is a small park in the centre of Cheadle Hulme<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It stands on the site of a Victorian residence, Oak Cottage<\/em>, which took its name from a large tree in the garden.\u00a0 Oak Cottage had been demolished by 1937 and Oak Meadow Park was laid out on the site, apparently still with the original large oak tree.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OCHRE FLASH <\/strong>is one of the seven subsidence lakes or \u2018flashes\u2019 of Wigan Flashes Nature Reserve<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is located south-east of Hindley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and was created by mining subsidence early in the 20th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name is recorded on Ordnance Survey maps of 1954 but it is likely that the lake was known locally as Ochre or Ochery Flash before that date.\u00a0 The name refers to the ochre<\/em>-coloured water from iron-stained water from mines and chemical works in the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OCHRELEY BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Goyt<\/strong> that rises in Torkington<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport <\/strong>and flows south through Offerton<\/strong> to join the Goyt near Marple Bridge<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name seems to be a corruption of Hockley<\/em>, a name that is found as an area of Poynton in Cheshire<\/strong> and as a farm near the brook.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century and means \u2018the clearing on or near a hill\u2019, from Old English hocer<\/em> (\u2018rounded hill\u2019) + l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OCTAGON THEATRE<\/strong> is a theatre in Bolton<\/strong> that opened in 1967.\u00a0 The auditorium is actually hexagonal, but there was already a theatre in Reading called \u2018The Hexagon\u2019 and so the new Bolton theatre was named \u2018The Octagon<\/em>\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OFFERTON<\/strong> is a south-eastern suburb of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> that was in Cheshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 There are several places in England named Offerton, but the first record of Offerton<\/em> in Cheshire dates from 1226 as Offirtun<\/em>.\u00a0 The name is said to be an eponym consisting of a personal name such as Offa<\/em> or Oftf\u014dr <\/em>+ t\u016bn<\/em>, meaning \u2018farmstead or village\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OGDEN<\/strong> is a hamlet in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> that is divided between Higher Ogden and Lower Ogden.\u00a0 It also gives its name to Ogden Reservoir \u2013 one of the chain of six reservoirs (Ogden<\/strong><\/a>, Kitcliffe<\/strong><\/a>, Piethorne<\/strong><\/a>, Hanging Lees<\/strong><\/a>, Rooden<\/strong><\/a> and Norman Hill<\/strong><\/a>) in the Piethorne Valley – which was built in 1878 to supply drinking water to Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1246 as Akeden<\/em>, meaning \u2018oak valley\u2019 from the Old English \u0101c<\/em>, meaning \u2018oak\u2019 + denu<\/em>, \u2018valley\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OGDEN BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Etherow<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises on the moors of the Peak District<\/strong> National Park and flows south and south west, forming the border between Tameside<\/strong> and High Peak for much of its length before joining the Etherow in Broadbottom<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside.\u00a0 The name appears on maps of the early 19th<\/sup> century but its derivation suggests that it is probably much older \u2013 Old English English \u0101c<\/em>, meaning \u2018oak\u2019 + denu<\/em>, \u2018valley\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OLD BIRTLE\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>BIRTLE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OLD EES BROOK <\/strong>or OLD EEA BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong> that rises south of Urmston<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford <\/strong>and flows south-west for several kilometres to join the Mersey south-east of Flixton<\/strong>. \u00a0Ees <\/em>is a local word for a water meadow derived from the Old English \u0113g<\/em>, meaning \u2018island\u2019, often a piece of firm land in an area liable to flooding.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OLDFIELD BROW<\/strong> is a residential area on the western edge of Altrincham<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The original village of Oldfield is recorded in about 1293 as Aldefeld<\/em> and means \u2018the old open-field’, from Old English ald <\/em>(\u2018ancient, long-used\u2019) + feld<\/em> (\u2018open country; land cleared of trees\u2019).\u00a0 \u00a0The name is later found in Oldfield<\/em> Hall, which was built in 1616 and some of the land in which it stood was donated to Altrincham Council in 1917 as John Leigh Park<\/strong>.\u00a0 In the 1920s, the Oldfield Brow estate was built in the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OLDHAM <\/strong>is a town and, since 1974, one of the ten metropolitan boroughs of Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was formerly part of Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Its name is first recorded in about 1227 as Aldholm<\/em>, meaning \u2018old promontory\u2019, from Old English ald<\/em>, meaning \u2018old\u2019 + Old Norse holmr<\/em>, \u2018dry land, promontory\u2019.\u00a0 \u2018Old\u2019 may refer to an older settlement or may mean that the site had been occupied for a long time.\u00a0 Suggestions that Oldham was named because of the local presence of owls<\/em> are folk etymology, although owls have become the town\u2019s symbol and feature in its coat of arms.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OLD MILL BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong> that rises north of Tyldesley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan <\/strong>and flows south-west to join Shakerley<\/strong> Brook, another tributary of Glaze Brook.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1845-46 and comes from Shakerley Corn Mill, an early 17th<\/sup>-century mill built for Shakerley Old Hall, which took its power from Old Mill Brook.\u00a0 It was converted into a carding and spinning shed in the early 19th<\/sup> century<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OLD SIRS <\/strong>and NEW SIRS <\/strong>are residential and recreational areas of Westhoughton <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The names are said to derive from the family name of John and Richard de Sire<\/em>, who were recorded as being resident in the area in 1332.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OLD TAME <\/strong>is a hamlet south-west of Denshaw<\/strong> to the west of the River Tame<\/strong>, from which it takes its name.\u00a0 Both Old Tame and New tame, a smaller settlement on the eastern side of the Tame<\/em> valley, were originally outlying estates of Roche Abbey.\u00a0 The names are recorded in 1729 but probably date from much earlier.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OLD TRAFFORD<\/strong>\u00a0is a district of the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> which lends its name to Lancashire County Cricket Club\u2019s ground (opened in 1857) and Manchester United\u2019s football stadium, which was opened in 1910.\u00a0 The name Trafford<\/em> is first recorded in 1786 and is a variation of the neighbouring Stretford<\/strong>, both meaning \u2018ford over the Roman road\u2019, from str\u01e3t<\/em>, \u2018street, especially a Roman road\u2019, + ford<\/em>, \u2018ford\u2019 across the River Mersey<\/strong>.<\/em>\u00a0 The \u2018old\u2019 part of the name is thought to refer to the older of the two Trafford Halls.\u00a0 The original or Old Hall is believed to have been built in about 1017, but was replaced by the New Hall in the last quarter of the 17th century or the first quarter of the 18th<\/sup>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OLIVER CLOUGH <\/strong>is a small valley in Boggart Hole Clough<\/strong> country park in Blackley<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is a forename eponym, said to be named after Oliver<\/em> Cromwell<\/strong> (1599-1658), whose Parliamentarian troops camped in the area during the siege of Manchester in 1643 in the Civil War.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OOZEWOOD <\/strong>is a residential area of Royton<\/strong> north of the River Irk<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The place and name are not well documented, although nearby Oozewood Clough and lower Oozewood Farm suggest a mediaeval origin.\u00a0 One possible origin is Old English waesse<\/em>, meaning \u2018riverside land liable to flood\u2019.\u00a0 Alternatively, Oozewood might share its origin with Oozebooth in Blackburn, which is thought to derive from the Viking personal name, Ulf<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OPENSHAW <\/strong>is a suburb of the City of Manchester<\/strong>, about 5 kilometres east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1276 as Openshawe<\/em>, meaning \u2018open wood\u2019, i.e. one that is not enclosed, referring to a park belonging to the Lord of Manchester, Robert Grelley.\u00a0 It is composed of the Old English open<\/em>, meaning \u2018open or unenclosed\u2019 + sceaga<\/em>, \u2018wood, copse\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OPENSHAW PARK<\/strong> is a public park of about 5 hectares in Pimhole<\/strong>, outside Bury<\/strong> town centre.\u00a0 <\/strong>The park was established with land and funds donated by Thomas Openshaw,<\/em> a local wool manufacturer, and named after him.\u00a0 The park was opened in July 1888 by the Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII), who also held the title Duke of Clarence.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ORDSALL <\/strong>is a suburb of the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1177 as Ordeshala<\/em>, meaning \u2018Ord\u2019s or Ordric\u2019s nook\u2019.\u00a0 Ord<\/em> is a personal name and the second element is –halh<\/em>, meaning \u2018a corner or nook\u2019.\u00a0 This comes from the position of Ordsall within a large bend in the River Irwell<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ORLANDO BRIDGE<\/strong> is a road viaduct that carries Orlando Street across the railway in Bolton<\/strong> town centre close to the station.\u00a0 The bridge was originally built by the Manchester & Bolton Railway in 1838 and both street and bridge were named after Sir Orlando<\/em> Bridgeman, a 17th<\/sup>-century lawyer from nearby Great Lever<\/strong>.\u00a0 The bridge was rebuilt in 2016.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ORRELL<\/strong> is a suburb of Wigan<\/strong>, sometimes known as Orrell-in-Makerfield<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1202 as Horhill <\/em>but Orell<\/em> is found before the end of the 13th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Orrell means \u2018ore hill\u2019 from Old English \u014dra<\/em> + hyll<\/em>, believed to be a reference to ancient iron ore workings rather than coal mining.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ORRELL POST <\/strong>or ORREL POST <\/strong>is a residential area north of Orrell<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> around a landmark known as the Orrell Post<\/em>, a stone column 3.3 metres tall outside the Stag Inn recorded in 1607.\u00a0\u00a0 The original purpose of the post is uncertain:\u00a0 some people suggest it was a tethering post for Stag Inn patrons, but it is usually said to be turnpike marker stone at or near a crossroads.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OTTERSPOOL BRIDGE<\/strong> is a road bridge that carries the A627 across the River Goyt<\/strong> in Romiley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The bridge was in use by 1606 and in 1611 the name was recorded as Awterspoole<\/em>, literally meaning \u2018pool<\/em> where otters<\/em> are found\u2019, from the Old English oter<\/em> + p<\/em>\u014dl<\/em>.\u00a0 \u00a0A weir to power a cotton mill was built in about 1825-30 but the mill was never built.\u00a0 In 2012 the weir became the site of a small-scale municipal hydro-electricity generator.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OULDER HILL <\/strong>is an area west of Greave<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1860 but probably dates from an earlier period.\u00a0 The name is descriptive and said to come from ouler<\/em> (a dialect word for an alder tree) + hill (Old English hyll<\/em>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OUSEL BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong> that rises south of Stretford<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> and flows west and then north to join Old Ees Brook<\/strong> south of Urmston<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name comes from the Old English osle<\/em>, meaning \u2018a blackbird\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OUTWOOD <\/strong>is district of Radcliffe<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> that also gives its name to Outwood Country Park.\u00a0 The name dates back to around 1200 and was known as Outwood of Pilkington<\/strong>.\u00a0 It means \u2018outlying wood\u2019 or \u2018wood on the outskirts\u2019 and refers to land on the banks of the River Irwell<\/strong>.<\/em>\u00a0 The name is derived from the Old English \u016bt<\/em>, meaning \u2018outside, on the outskirts\u2019 + wudu<\/em>, \u2018wood, coppice\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OVER HULTON<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0See <\/em>HULTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OWENS PARK<\/strong> was a large hall of residence complex in the Fallowfield<\/strong> area south of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 It was built by the University of Manchester in 1964-1965 but shut down in 2021 and demolished in 2024 for redevelopment.\u00a0 It was named after John Owens<\/em> (1790-1846), who was a Manchester merchant and one of the principal donors who founded the university (initially called Owens College) in 1824.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OWLER BARROW <\/strong>or ALDER BARROW <\/strong>is a residential area west of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The place and name are not well documented.\u00a0 The area is said to be post-mediaeval and appears as Alder Barrow<\/em> on 19th<\/sup>-century maps, but the spelling is altered to Owler Barrow<\/em> by the late 19th<\/sup> century and early 20th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 In fact, the spelling change does not alter the meaning as owler<\/em> is a dialect word for an alder-tree.\u00a0 The name, therefore, would mean \u2018alder wood\u2019, from Old English Old English alor<\/em> (\u2018an alder\u2019) + bearu<\/em> (\u2018wood, grove\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OXFORD PARK <\/strong>is a 3-hectare recreation ground in the Guide Bridge<\/strong> area of Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name originates in the late 18th<\/sup> or early 19th<\/sup> century, when Oxford Street was built between the main Stockport<\/strong> Road and the newly-built Ashton Canal.\u00a0 In 1845 Thomas Mason (1782-1868) built the first of his Oxford Mills, which were later run by his son, Hugh Mason (1817-1886).\u00a0 In 1870, Hugh Mason presented the mills\u2019 sports ground to the town.\u00a0 Hugh Mason\u2019s statue was later erected close by in Trafalgar Square<\/strong> and the mills were destroyed by fire in 2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OXFORD ROAD<\/strong> is a main road through Chorlton-on-Medlock<\/strong> from Manchester<\/strong> city centre at St Peter\u2019s Square<\/strong> to Whitworth Park<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally named in 1793-1794, when Chorlton was gentrified and adopted prestigious names such as Oxford<\/em>, Cambridge and Grosvenor<\/strong> for its principal streets.\u00a0 The opening of Oxford Road station by the Manchester South Junction & Altrincham Railway in 1839 and Owens<\/strong> College (now the University of Manchester) in 1873 led to what has become known as the \u2018Oxford Road Corridor\u2019, with educational institutions, hospitals and cultural venues.\u00a0 It is planned to develop this area further as \u2018Corridor Manchester\u2019 by the mid-2020s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OX RAKE BROW<\/strong> is hill on Saddleworth Moor<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The meaning is probably \u2018the hill (Old English bru<\/em>) on or near the track (Old English hraca<\/em>) over which oxen (oxa<\/em>) were taken\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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P<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PACKER SPOUT GARDENS<\/strong> is a small public park south-west of Rochdale<\/strong> town centre.\u00a0 The gardens were opened in 1934 and laid out round Packer Spout, a fountain in an oval-shaped pool fed by a natural spring (Middle English spoute<\/em>).\u00a0 The spring fed a reservoir built in 1760 which was used to supply water from drinking and also to power a corn mill until it was demolished in 1934.\u00a0 The name is a shortening of packhorse<\/em>, as horses stopped there to drink in earlier times.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PADDEN BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Goyt<\/strong> which runs through Romiley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>. It then joins Chadkirk<\/strong> Brook before emptying into the Goyt.\u00a0 The name is little documented but might come from the Old English patte<\/em>, meaning \u2018mud, marsh\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PADDINGTON<\/strong> is a residential area of Pendleton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is not well documented before 1846, when it was created as a parish.\u00a0 The name would seem to be an example of gentrification \u2013 when a prestigious name of a district of London is adopted in an attempt to elevate the reputation of an area. \u00a0Paddington<\/em> in London is recorded in about 1045 and means \u2018the farm or homestead belonging to Padda<\/em>\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PAINSWICK PARK <\/strong>is a public park in Woodhouse Park<\/strong> in Wythenshawe <\/strong>in southern Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally a farm that was taken over in the late 1950s as a landfill site.\u00a0 In 1962, it was acquired by Manchester Corporation and opened in 1968 as a park with an artificial lake.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but may have been transferred from Painswick<\/em> in Gloucestershire, which is an eponym derived from the personal name Pain<\/em> + wiche<\/em> (\u2018a farm, especially a dairy farm\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PALATINE BRIDGE <\/strong>is a road bridge across the River Irwell<\/strong> between Salford<\/strong> and Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 1864 to provide better access to Victoria Station<\/strong>, which had been opened in 1843.\u00a0 It was sited beside and so took its name from the Palatine<\/em> Hotel and the Palatine<\/em> Buildings, which were named after the County Palatine<\/em> of Lancaster. \u00a0Lancashire was made a county palatine<\/em> in 1351 to indicate that it was administered by the Duke of Lancaster through powers conferred by the palace (Latin palatium<\/em>), i.e. by the monarch.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PANKHURST CENTRE<\/strong> is a museum and women\u2019s centre in Chorlton-on-Medlock<\/strong> in central Manchester<\/strong> commemorating the life and work of Emmeline Pankhurst<\/em> (1858-1928) and the suffragette movement.\u00a0 The centre is housed in a pair of villas in Nelson Street.\u00a0 Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters Sylvia, Christabel and Adela lived in No. 62 from 1898 and established the suffragette movement there in 1903.\u00a0 The centre was opened in 1987.\u00a0 A statue to Emmeline Pankhurst was unveiled in St Peter\u2019s Square<\/strong> in 2018.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PARK BRIDGE <\/strong>is a village north of Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the Park Bridge<\/em> Ironworks, which were established in 1786 and developed as a village in the second quarter of the 19th<\/sup> century as housing was provided for the workers.\u00a0 The name of the company came from nearby Lyme Park<\/em><\/strong> and a bridg<\/em>e over the River Medlock<\/strong> beside the works.\u00a0 The company made rivets for the Eiffel Tower, Sydney Harbour Bridge and the Titanic, but closed in 1963 and the site is now the Park Bridge Heritage Centre.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PARK BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong> that rises east of Ramsbottom<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> and flows west into the Irwell in Nuttall Park<\/strong>, from which it takes its name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PARKFIELD<\/strong> is an area of Middleton<\/strong>, about 9 kilometres north-east of Manchester<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name originated with Parkfield House<\/em>, which was built by a local magistrate, Thomas Ashton, and apparently named to reflect the house\u2019s landscaped grounds.\u00a0 Middleton became a municipal borough in 1886 and it acquired Parkfield House as its town hall in 1925.\u00a0 The house was demolished in 1978.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PARR BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises in Unsworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> and flows north-west to join the Roch at Blackford Bridge<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is found on 19th<\/sup>-century maps but the origin is uncertain:\u00a0 it could come from Old English paerr<\/em> or peru<\/em>, meaning \u2018pear tree\u2019 and suggesting that pears grew locally, or from Old English pearr<\/em>, meaning \u2018an enclosure\u2019, indicating that it was a stream that flowed through or beside enclosed land.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PARR BROW <\/strong>is a small residential area east of Tyldesley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It sits on a slope (Old English bru<\/em>) named for the Parr<\/em> family, who were wealthy landowners and traders who are recorded as living in the area from the 17th<\/sup> century – John Parr died in 1663.\u00a0 Parr Brow gives its name to a railway cutting built in the 1860s by the London & North Western Railway as part of the Tyldesley loopline.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PARR FOLD PARK <\/strong>is a 7.4-hectare public park in Walkden<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears as Parrfold<\/em> Farmhouse in the late 17th<\/sup> or early 18th<\/sup> century and is probably an eponym, but it is not known who the Parr<\/em> was who owned the fold<\/em> \u2013 the name for a small farmstead, many of which later had coal mines.\u00a0 In 1905 Worsley <\/strong>Urban District Council purchased the land on which the farmstead stood and opened it as a public park.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PARRS WOOD<\/strong> is a residential area of East Didsbury<\/strong> in south Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is said to be recorded in 1587 and it would seem to be an eponym, but who the Parr<\/em> was that owned the wood<\/em> is unclear.\u00a0 There were several Parr families in the area but none can be traced as far back as the late 16th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It has even been suggested that they may have been related to Henry VIII\u2019s sixth wife, Catherine Parr (1512-48), but there would seem to be no proof of this.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PARSONAGE GARDENS<\/strong> is a small garden in the centre of Manchester<\/strong> just off Deansgate<\/strong>.\u00a0 The site was originally known as Parsonage Croft and dates from 1635 as the site of the home of the parson of the original St Mary\u2019s Church.\u00a0 A new church was built on the site in 1756 but was demolished in 1891, followed by Parsonage House in 1897.\u00a0 The site then became Parsonage Gardens and has remained a tranquil garden, apart from the detonation of an IRA bomb on 3 December 1992.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PARTINGTON<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> about 16 kilometres south-west of Manchester <\/strong>city centre on the south bank of Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was part of Bowdon<\/strong> parish in Cheshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1260 as Partinton<\/em> and with its modern spelling in 1577.\u00a0 It means the \u2018the farm (-t\u016bn<\/em>) of the people of followers of (-inga-) Pearta<\/em>\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PASSMONDS <\/strong>is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, north-west of the main town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Passmans<\/em> in 1765, Parsmans<\/em> in 1851 and Passmonds<\/em> in 1891, although Parsmans<\/em> remained in use until well into the 20th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name seems to be an eponym and members of a Passman <\/em>family have been traced in the area as far back as 1637.\u00a0 There are several theories about the origin of the family name but as the spelling varies so much there is little agreement and no theory is particularly compelling.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PATRICROFT<\/strong> is a suburb of the City of Salford.<\/strong>\u00a0 Patricroft was a bridging point on the earliest section of the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong> when it was opened on 17 July 1761.\u00a0 It was also a bridging point for the Liverpool & Manchester Railway, which opened in 1830, and Patricroft<\/em> station was opened on 15 September of that year, making it one of the earliest railway stations in the world.\u00a0 It soon developed into an industrial area because of its position by the canal and railway, and also because it had clean air it was felt to be healthier than the centre of industrial Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 Croft<\/em> means \u2018enclosure, enclosed field\u2019, while Patri-<\/em> may be from the Middle English pertre<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018pear-tree\u2019) or, more likely, a version of the personal forename Patrick<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The PEAK DISTRICT <\/strong>is a hilly area mostly in Derbyshire <\/strong>but with parts in Cheshire<\/strong>, Staffordshire, South and West Yorkshire<\/strong> and eastern Great Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is eponymous:\u00a0 the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle <\/em>of the late 9th<\/sup> century refers to the area as the Peaclond<\/em>, meaning the land of the Pecs<\/em>\u00e6tan<\/em> tribe.\u00a0 The tribe\u2019s name means \u2018hill dwellers\u2019, from Old English p<\/em>\u0113ac<\/em> (\u2018peak, pointed hill\u2019) + s<\/em>\u01e3te <\/em>(\u2018dwellers, settlers\u2019).\u00a0 Interestingly, only one of the peaks in the Peak District is actually called a \u2018peak\u2019 \u2013 Calver Peak (Old English calf<\/em> (‘calf’) + ofer<\/em> (\u2018slope, ridge’), meaning \u2018a hillside where calves and cattle are kept\u2019) in Derbyshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Much of the Peak District is in the 1420 square-kilometre Peak District National Park, which was created in 1951 as England\u2019s first national park.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEAR MILL <\/strong>or PEAR NEW MILL<\/strong> is a retail location in Bredbury<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally built as a cotton spinning mill in 1908-1913 and was possibly the last textile mill in Stockport to go into production.\u00a0 It was built beside the River Goyt<\/strong> on the site of Pear Tree Farm,<\/em> from which it takes its name.\u00a0 The name is celebrated by a gigantic concrete pear-shaped dome on the roof.\u00a0 The mill was closed in 1978 and converted into retail outlets.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEARSON\u2019S FLASH <\/strong>is a man-made lake south-west of Ince-in-Makerfield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> that forms one of the seven subsidence \u2018flashes\u2019 of Wigan Flashes Nature Reserve<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was formed on 6 April 1889 when the Leigh <\/strong>branch of the Leeds & Liverpool Canal broke its banks.\u00a0 It takes its name from the local coal-mining and industrial company of Pearson<\/em> & Knowles, which was originally founded in 1840 by Thomas Pearson<\/em> (1824-83), who later became mayor of Wigan.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEEL<\/strong> is a residential area of Worsley<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>, which includes a park, which is not to be confused with Peel Park<\/strong> in Salford.\u00a0 The name is taken from Peel Hall<\/em>, a stately home previously known as Wicheaves Hall.\u00a0 Wicheaves<\/em> is recorded in 1323 and means \u2018the edge of the elm wood\u2019, from Old English wice<\/em> (\u2018wych-elm\u2019) + efes<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018an edge or border, especially of a wood\u2019).\u00a0 Wicheaves Hall was renamed Peel Hall at the end of the 18th<\/sup> century, referring back to a 12th<\/sup> century name, Peel, from the Old English peel<\/em>, \u2018a palisade, a fortified enclosure\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEEL CAUSEWAY<\/strong> was the name for part of what is now Hale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded as Peel Causeway Farm in 1701, although a place named Peel was found in the area in 1462.\u00a0 It is probably derived from the Old English peel<\/em>, \u2018a palisade, a fortified enclosure\u2019, and the causeway<\/em> was part of what is now Ashley Road.\u00a0 The name was standardised as Peel Causeway when the Cheshire Midland Railway opened a station with this name in 1862 but the name of the village was dropped when in was incorporated into Hale in 1900 and the station name was also changed to Hale in 1902.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEEL CENTRE<\/strong> is a retail area close to the centre of Stockport<\/strong> town centre.\u00a0 It was first developed in 1987 and expanded in 2010.\u00a0 It was built by the Peel Group<\/em>, a property company founded in the 1960s by John Whittaker, who came from Bury <\/strong>and was so inspired by Bury-born prime minister Sir Robert Peel<\/em> (1788-1850) that he named the company after him.\u00a0 The company also now own the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEEL GREEN <\/strong>is a residential and recreational area west of Eccles<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 Some sources suggest that Barton Moss<\/strong> railway station, which was opened in 1832, was described as being at Peel Green, but this cannot be verified.\u00a0 However, the name does appear on the first Ordnance Survey map of the area in 1848.\u00a0 It was named in honour of Sir Robert Peel<\/em> (1788-1850), a former prime minister who had promoted the nearby Peel Park<\/strong>, which was opened in 1846.\u00a0 The Green<\/em> refers to the green<\/em> open spaces along Worsley <\/strong>Brook, a tributary of the Mersey <\/strong>which flows through Peel Green.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEEL HALL<\/strong> is a suburb of the City of Manchester<\/strong> on the eastern side of Wythenshawe<\/strong>, about 14.5 kilometres south of Manchester city centre.\u00a0 It takes its name from a mediaeval moated country house originally built in the 14th<\/sup> century by Sir John de Arderne named The Peele<\/em>, from the Middle English peel<\/em>, meaning \u2018a moated and fortified house\u2019.\u00a0 The house was derelict by the 1960s and was demolished.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEEL PARK <\/strong>is a large park in Salford<\/strong> opened in 1846 and named after Sir Robert Peel<\/em> (1788-1850), a former prime minister who did a lot to promote and fund public parks in Victorian England.\u00a0 In 1850, the Salford Museum and Art Gallery was built overlooking the park.\u00a0 In 1896 Salford Royal Technical Institute was opened and this now forms part of the Peel Campus of the University of Salford.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEEL TOWER <\/strong>or PEEL MONUMENT<\/strong> is a 39-metre memorial on Holcombe Hill<\/strong> in Ramsbottom<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 1850-1852 to commemorate Sir Robert Peel<\/em> (1788-1850), a former prime minister and founder of the modern police force, who was born in Bury.\u00a0 There are also places in Australia, Canada and New Zealand named after Peel.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEINE SQUARE <\/strong>is a public space in front of the civic centre in Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 The square is named after the German town of Peine<\/em> in Lower Saxony, with which Heywood has been twinned since 1967.\u00a0 Peine is said to be named after Berthold von Pagin<\/em>, a 12th<\/sup> century knight.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEMBERTON <\/strong>is a suburb of Wigan<\/strong> on the banks of the River Douglas<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1212 as Penberton<\/em>, meaning \u2018barley hill settlement\u2019 from the Celtic penn<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019) or Old English penn<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019) + Old English bere <\/em>(\u2018barley\u2019) + t\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018enclosure, village\u2019).\u00a0 Pemberton is found at the foot of a 95-metre hill named Orrell, which gave its name to the nearby suburb of Orrell<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PENCIL BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Beal <\/strong>that rises in Higher Rushcroft<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>and flows north-east to meet the Beal in Goats<\/strong>.\u00a0 The origin and date of the name are undocumented, but there have been several suggestions.\u00a0 There seems to be no record of pencil manufacture in the area but the stream is straight for much of its present course and it has been suggested that this could be the origin of the name.\u00a0 More likely is that it derives from Old English pensel<\/em> or pensil<\/em>, meaning \u2018a small pen<\/em> or enclosure\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PENDLEBURY<\/strong> is a town in the City of Salford<\/strong> about 6 kilometres north-west of Manchester.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name is recorded as Penelbiri<\/em> in 1202 but the modern spelling was not adopted until after 1567.\u00a0 The name means \u2018fort on a hill\u2019, with reduplication of Celtic and Old English elements meaning \u2018hill\u2019, from the Celtic pen<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019) + Old English –hyll<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019) + burh <\/em>(\u2018fort\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PENDLETON<\/strong> is an inner-city suburb north-west of the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1200 as Penelton<\/em>, meaning \u2018the t\u016bn <\/em>or village of or near Penhill\u2019.\u00a0 Pendleton is on a 70-metre ridge and it is believed that this must at one time have been called Penhyll<\/em> from Celtic pen<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019) + Old English –hyll<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEN LEACH BROOK <\/strong>or PENLEACH BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong> that rises north-east of Leigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and flows south-east to join Bedford Brook<\/strong>, and ultimately meets the River Glaze<\/strong> near Warrington.\u00a0 The name is recorded on the Ordnance Survey maps of the late 19th<\/sup> century but its origin and meaning are uncertain.\u00a0 A literal interpretation of its elements suggests \u2018a muddy stream (Old English laecc<\/em>) below a headland (Celtic penn<\/em>) or beside an animal enclosure (Old English penn<\/em>)\u2019, but this meaning and derivation cannot be verified.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The PENNINES <\/strong>are a range of hills running along the spine of England and some of the places in north-eastern Greater Manchester<\/strong> can be said to be on the slopes of the Pennines.\u00a0 The name was not coined until about 1757, when Charles Julius Bertram fraudulently claimed to have found it in a 14th<\/sup> century manuscript.\u00a0 The name is thought to have been influenced by or copied from the Apennines<\/em>, the Italian mountain chain.\u00a0 The origin of this name is usually given as the Celtic penn<\/em>, meaning \u2018mountain top\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PENNINGTON<\/strong> is a suburb of Leigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1246 as Pinington<\/em>, usually said to mean \u2018a village or farmstead paying a penny rent\u2019, from Old English pening <\/em>+ t\u016bn<\/em>.\u00a0 Alternatively, it could be an eponym meaning \u2018a settlement belonging to a man named Pinna<\/em>\u2019.\u00a0 Pennington gives its name to Pennington<\/strong> Flash Country Park <\/strong>and Pennington Brook, a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PENNINGTON FLASH COUNTRY PARK<\/strong> is a 490-hectare recreational area near Leigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan <\/strong>which forms part of the Flashes of Wigan and Leigh.<\/strong>\u00a0 The park, opened in 1981, is centred on Pennington Flash, a 70-hectare lake created in the early 20th<\/sup> century by subsidence from Bickershaw<\/strong> colliery.\u00a0 The name comes from the nearby township of Pennington<\/em> + flash<\/em>, a lake formed by subsidence.\u00a0 Pennington Brook is a 3.5-kilometre stream that flows out of Pennington Flash before joining Glaze Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PENNINGTON GREEN <\/strong>is a village south of Aspull<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Pennington<\/em> Hall, which was owned by the Pennington<\/em> family from the 13th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The hall was demolished in 1964 but much of the estate had been transformed into a public park in 1920.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u2018PERSONCHESTER\u2019<\/strong> is a name that has been suggested (despite the etymology and Manchester\u2019s record in promoting women\u2019s rights) as a non-sexist version of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The suggestion goes back at least as far as 1977 but a 2017 campaign to change the name of Manchester United football club came to nothing.\u00a0 However, another campaign was later launched in 2023 to change the name of the city.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PHILIPS PARK, Bradford<\/strong>, is a 12.5-hectare public park of east Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened on 22 August 1846 as one of the first municipal parks in the world and was named after Mark Philips<\/em> (1800-1873), who was one of Manchester\u2019s first two MPs and who campaigned for public parks in the industrialised towns and cities of Victorian England.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PHILIPS PARK, Prestwich<\/strong>, is a 52-hectare nature reserve and forms part of Prestwich<\/strong> Forest Park in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally a mediaeval deer park, established in 1291 by the Pilkington<\/strong> family.\u00a0 It was purchased in 1785 by Thomas Philips <\/em>(1728-1811), a local businessman.\u00a0 In 1830 his nephew, Robert Philips<\/em> (1760-1844), a textile-mill owner, built the family home in \u2018the park\u2019.\u00a0 Philips Park was purchased by Whitefield<\/strong> and Prestwich Councils in 1946, and opened as a public park in 1948.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PICCADILLY<\/strong> is a district in central Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name was first applied in 1780 to a street that had previously been known as Lever\u2019s Row, and was then used for the surrounding district, which had been called Daub Holes (see Daubhill<\/strong>), by about 1812.\u00a0 The name came from the affluent area of Piccadilly<\/em> in London and is another example of gentrification \u2013 trying to improve the image of an area by transferring a fashionable or aristocratic name from elsewhere.\u00a0 In time, the name was applied to the nearby Piccadilly Gardens<\/strong> and Piccadilly station<\/strong>.\u00a0 Piccadilly<\/em> in London took its name in the mid-17th<\/sup> century from the French piccadill<\/em>, a kind of stiff collar that was made in the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PICCADILLY GARDENS <\/strong>are a public open space with a bus station in central Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The gardens were laid out in the 1930s after the demolition of the original Manchester Royal Infirmary in 1910, and named after the nearby street of Piccadilly<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PICCADILLY STATION<\/strong> is Manchester<\/strong>\u2019s principal railway station.\u00a0 It was opened on 8 May 1842 by the Manchester & Birmingham and Sheffield Ashton-under-Lyne and Manchester railways as Store Street<\/strong>.\u00a0 The Manchester & Birmingham\u2019s successor, the London & North Western Railway, renamed it London Road<\/strong> in 1847.\u00a0 In 1960, following electrification and modernisation, it was renamed Piccadilly after the nearby Piccadilly Gardens<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PICKHILL BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that is formed west of Pobgreen<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> through the confluence of Royle Brook<\/strong> and Capper Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 It then flows west to meet the Tame in Uppermill<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the 19th<\/sup> century and derives from Middle English pightel<\/em>, meaning \u2018a small enclosure, croft\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PICKLEY GREEN<\/strong> is a village about 3.2 kilometres north of Leigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the opening of a colliery in 1804 but the village church dates from the 12th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 There are different suggestions for its origin.\u00a0 One is that it is an eponym:\u00a0 Anglo-Saxon personal name Pic<\/em> or Picco<\/em> (perhaps related to pike<\/em>, the mediaeval weapon) + Old English l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018woodland clearing\u2019).\u00a0 Perhaps more likely is Middle English pightle<\/em>, meaning \u2018a small field or enclosure, a croft\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PIETHORNE BROOK<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Beal <\/strong>that rises on the moors at Rock Stones Hill, south-east of Littleborough<\/strong>, and flows south-west through a series of reservoirs (Ogden, Kitcliffe, Piethorne, Hanging Lees, Norman Hill<\/strong> and Rooden<\/strong> Reservoirs) constructed in 1858-1878 to meet the Beal at Milnrow<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the 19th<\/sup> century but it is said come from Middle English pie<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018magpie\u2019) + thorn<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018hawthorn-tree\u2019), both of which are found in the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PIGS LEE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong> that rises east of Walmersley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> and then flows west and south-south-west 507 metres to meet the Irwell near Burrs Country Park<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is thought to take its name from a settlement meaning \u2018a clearing (l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em>) where pigs are kept\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PILKINGTON<\/strong> is (or was) a residential district of Prestwich<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> beside the River Irwell<\/strong> where it meets the River Croal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1202 as Pulkinton<\/em> and with its modern spelling in 1246.\u00a0 It is an eponym, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Pilheard<\/em> or Pileca<\/em> + inga<\/em> (\u2018belonging to\u2019) + t\u016bn <\/em>(\u2018enclosure, farmstead, village\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PILSWORTH<\/strong> is a residential area of Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1243 as Pylesworth<\/em>, an eponym meaning \u2018Pil\u2019s settlement\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Pil <\/em>or Pilheard<\/em> + Old English worth<\/em> (\u2018enclosure, settlement\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PIMHOLE <\/strong>is a residential area east of Bury<\/strong> town centre to the west of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1650 but is not well documented.\u00a0 It may be derived from the Old English pimb<\/em>, meaning \u2018wood, tree\u2019 + hole<\/em>, meaning \u2018hollow, valley\u2019, so that the meaning could be \u2018the valley (of the River Roch) where wood grows\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PINGOT QUARRY WATERFALL <\/strong>is a small waterfall near Lamberhead Green<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name seems to have originated as The Pingot<\/em>, a dialect word meaning \u2018a small croft or enclosure of land\u2019.\u00a0 It originally referred to a spring of pure water which supplied nearby Pemberton<\/strong>, but this was closed down in 1880.\u00a0 Late in the 19th<\/sup> century the name was applied to a sandstone quarry on Crompton<\/strong> Moor that was closed down during the 1970s.\u00a0 Water that cascades off the moor into the quarry is known as the Pingot Quarry Waterfall, and this then forms the Old Brook, which eventually flows into the River Beal<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PITSES <\/strong>is a small residential area close to the River Medlock<\/strong> and east of Alt<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Pitses goes back to mediaeval times and it has been suggested that it may be a reduplicated plural of pits<\/em>, perhaps indicating early coal workings in the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PLANK LANE<\/strong> is a residential area on the western edge of Leigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the building of Plank Lane Lock<\/em> on the Leigh branch of the Leeds & Liverpool Canal in 1819, but the name may refer to an earlier wooden or plank bridge across marshy or flooded land from the Middle English plank<\/em> or plaunke<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PLATT BRIDGE<\/strong> is a residential area of Wigan<\/strong>, about 3 kilometres south-east of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is found in 1212 as Platte<\/em> and as Plat Bridge<\/em> in 1599.\u00a0\u00a0 The name is an example of reduplication as Middle English plat<\/em> actually means \u2018a footbridge\u2019, presumably referring to a bridge over the nearby Borsdane<\/strong> Brook.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PLATT<\/strong> FIELDS PARK <\/strong>is a 2.4-hectare park in Rusholme<\/strong>, south of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1150, when the \u2018lands of Platt\u2019<\/em> were given to the Knights of St John.\u00a0 This suggests that the name is an eponym and the Platt family are known to have owned an estate in this area from the 13th<\/sup> to the 17th<\/sup> centuries.\u00a0 The estate was purchased by the City of Manchester in 1908 and opened to the public as Platt Fields Park in 1910.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The PLAZA <\/strong>is a cinema and theatre off Mersey Square<\/strong> in Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in an extravagant art deco style with a rising organ and opened on 7 October 1932.\u00a0 It was named the Plaza<\/em> \u2013 a popular name for cinemas in the north-west of England at the time, derived from the Spanish for space or market.\u00a0 It closed as a cinema on 31 December 1966 and was converted to a bingo hall.\u00a0 In March 2000 it was sold to the Stockport Plaza Trust, refurbished and re-opened as a cinema and theatre on 7 October 2000.\u00a0 It now has Grade II listing and is frequently used for period films and TV dramas.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PLUMPTON WOOD\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>There are several places called Plumpton in what was Lancashire<\/strong> and elsewhere in England, all meaning \u2018farmstead or village where plums grow\u2019, from the Old English plume<\/em> + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>.\u00a0 Plumpton Wood north of Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> is recorded in 1826, when it was the scene of a notorious murder.\u00a0 It also gives its name to Plumpton Wood Brook, a short tributary of the River Roch<\/strong> that flows through Plumpton Wood to meet the Roch east of Hooley Bridge<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
POBGREEN <\/strong>or POB GREEN <\/strong>is a hamlet east of Uppermill <\/strong>in the area of Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1725 but it is known that the church and adjoining settlement date back to mediaeval times.\u00a0 The origin of the name is obscure, but may derive from the dialect term pob<\/em>, meaning \u2018waste material from the manufacture of flax or other textiles\u2019, but this cannot be confirmed.\u00a0 It is known that textile production, including flax, was carried out in the area from the 18th<\/sup> century and perhaps earlier.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
POCKET <\/strong>or The POCKET<\/strong> is a residential and industrial area in Deane<\/strong> on the outskirts of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It appears on a map of 1850 as a pocket<\/em> of land south of the River Croal<\/strong>.\u00a0 Croal means \u2018winding stream\u2019 and Pocket seems to have to developed in one of its many meanders.\u00a0 The term \u2018pocket\u2019 is being perpetuated with the laying out of \u2018pocket parks\u2019 along the banks of the Croal.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
POISE BROOK<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Goyt<\/strong> which rises in High Lane<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport.<\/strong>\u00a0 It then flows through Poise Bank Local Nature Reserve in north-west Offerton<\/strong> to join the Goyt in Woodbank Memorial Park<\/strong> in eastern Stockport.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in about 1350 as Puysclogh<\/em>, meaning \u2018pease valley or valley where peas grow\u2019, from the French pois<\/em> or Middle English pease <\/em>+ cl\u014dh<\/em> (\u2018deep valley\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
POLEFIELD<\/strong> is a residential area of Prestwich<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The location seems to date from the early 16th<\/sup> century, when it is said to have been called Deadwenclough (\u2018Dead women in a stream\u2019).\u00a0 The name Polefield<\/em> seems to have been adopted later in the century and was the site of Polefield House and Polefield Hall.\u00a0 The name was derived from Old English pol\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018a pole or beacon, especially one used for communication\u2019) + feld<\/em>.\u00a0 Polefield Hall was demolished in the 1930s and the land was used to build a housing estate.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
POMONA ISLAND <\/strong>and POMONA DOCKS\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Pomona Island is an island on the River Irwell<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford <\/strong>that was originally named Strawberry Island.\u00a0 In 1845 the island was developed into a leisure centre and renamed Pomona <\/em>Gardens after the Roman goddess of fruit and gardens.\u00a0 In 1875 a huge concert hall was built, the Royal Pomona Palace, the largest in Victorian England and capable of seating more than 30,000 people.\u00a0 In June 1887, an explosion at a nearby chemical factory badly damaged the Royal Pomona Palace \u2013 it was closed and sold for docks on the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The canal was completed in 1894 and Pomona Docks were opened in 1903.\u00a0 The docks were closed in 1982 and fell into decline, but there are plans for development around the Metrolink tram stop of Pomona, which was opened in December 1999.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
POOLSTOCK <\/strong>is a residential area of Wigan<\/strong> about one kilometre south-west of the town centre, close to the River Douglas<\/strong> and the Leeds & Liverpool Canal.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1520 as Pulstoke<\/em> and means something like \u2018place near or beside a pool\u2019, from the OId English pull<\/em> (\u2018pool\u2019) + stoc <\/em>(\u2018place, outlying settlement\u2019).\u00a0 It has been suggested that Poolstock was an outlying settlement used for summer grazing by the River Douglas for cattle from elsewhere.\u00a0 Poolstock Brook is a tributary of the River Douglas, which rises near Poolstock and flows north-west to meet to Douglas south of Wigan.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The PORTICO <\/strong>is an independent subscription library in Mosley Street in central Manchester <\/strong>that was opened in 1806.\u00a0 It takes its name both from its architecture, with a Greek-style portico<\/em> as its main entrance, and because it was intended to be a gateway to knowledge and literature.\u00a0 William Gaskell, the husband of Elizabeth Gaskell<\/strong>, was its chairman for 30 years.\u00a0 Peter Mark Roget was its first secretary and began writing his Thesaurus there.\u00a0 The library is now housed on the first floor.\u00a0 The ground floor is occupied by a pub called \u2018The Bank\u2019, recalling the days when it was leased to the Bank of Athens.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PORTLAND BASIN WAREHOUSE<\/strong> is a canal museum near Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is located at the junction of the Ashton and Huddersfield Canals in a warehouse built in 1834 beside the wharves of Portland Basin, which was opened in the 1820s and named after the 3rd<\/sup> Duke of Portland<\/em> (1738-1809).\u00a0 Canal traffic ceased in the 1960s and much of the warehouse was destroyed by fire in 1972, but the canal and warehouse have been restored and the museum opened in 1985 and expanded in 2005.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PORTWOOD<\/strong> is a residential area of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> that was in Cheshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Portwode<\/em> in 1337, from Old English port <\/em>+ wood<\/em>, meaning \u2018the wood by the port\u2019, apparently referring to a wood close to Stockport.\u00a0 Port<\/em> here means \u2018town, market\u2019 rather than \u2018harbour\u2019.\u00a0 Portwood Hall, which was built in 1546 and stood on the banks of the Mersey<\/strong>, was noted for its orchards, gardens and deer park. In 1732, a silk mill was built at Portwood which can claim to be the first water-powered textile mill in north-west England.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
POT GREEN <\/strong>is a small residential and conservation area south-west of Ramsbottom<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Bury of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The settlement dates from the 17th<\/sup> century but the origin of the name seems to be undocumented.\u00a0 However, it seems likely that the derivation is similar to that of nearby Holcombe Brook<\/strong>, where hol<\/em> means \u2018hole\u2019 or \u2018hollow\u2019.\u00a0 Similarly, the pot<\/em> of Pot Green could be a depression or hollow in the landscape.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
POTS AND PANS <\/strong>is a landmark on top of Alderman\u2019s Hill<\/strong> in the Peak District<\/strong> overlooking Uppermill<\/strong> and the Tame<\/strong> valley in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It consists of a pile of hollowed-out boulders resembling pots and<\/em> pans<\/em>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1843 but the rocks are said to have been thrown by two Saddleworth<\/strong> giants named Alder and Alphin<\/strong> in an ancient battle.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
POUNDSWICK <\/strong>was a rural area of Northern Etchells<\/strong> which since the 1930s has largely been swallowed up by Wythenshawe<\/strong> in south Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1280 as Pundesok<\/em>, from the Old English pund<\/em> (\u2018pound, enclosure for animals\u2019) + \u0101c <\/em>(\u2018oak\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
POWNALL GREEN<\/strong> is an area of Bramhall<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> which was included in Cheshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in the 12th<\/sup> century as Pohenhale<\/em>, meaning the \u2018nook of land (halh<\/em>) belonging to someone called Pohha<\/em>\u2019 and in 1297 a Richard de Pounale<\/em> is recorded as a farmer in the Wilmslow area of north Cheshire but the Bramhall Pownalls were descended from Humphrey Pownall, who leased land from the Davenports of Bramall Hall<\/strong> and who died in 1604.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PRESTOLEE <\/strong>is a village in Kearsley<\/strong> on the River Irwell<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, which was formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1618 as Prestall Lee<\/em> and it was often written as two words until later in the century.\u00a0 The name means \u2018the clearing or meadow (–<\/em>l\u0113ah<\/em>) of the hall<\/em> of the priests (pr\u0113ost<\/em>)\u2019.\u00a0 The priests\u2019 hall refers to the nearby oratory at Farnworth<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PRESTWICH<\/strong><\/a> is a town on the northern bank of the River Irwell <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>, about 5 kilometres north of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1194 as Prestwich<\/em>, meaning \u2018priest\u2019s farm or village\u2019 or even \u2018parsonage or rectory\u2019, from Old English pr\u0113ost<\/em> + w\u012bc<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PRETTYWOOD<\/strong> is a small area west of Heywood<\/strong> overlooking the River Roch<\/strong> on the border between the metropolitan boroughs of Rochdale<\/strong> and Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is not documented before 1850 and then developed in the second half of the 19th<\/sup> century, with Prettywood road bridge over the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway built in about 1875 and the nearby Railway Inn in 1883.\u00a0 The name is apparently aspirational.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PRICKSHAW BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Spodden<\/strong> that rises east of Whitworth in Lancashire <\/strong>and flows south-east to Spring Mill Reservoir<\/strong>.\u00a0 It then flows east to meet the Spodden north-east of Catley Lane Head<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1292 as Prikkeschagh<\/em>, meaning something like \u2018the thorny (Old English prica<\/em>) enclosure (Old English h<\/em>\u00e6g<\/em>)\u2019 or \u2018the enclosure surrounded by thorns\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PRIESTNALL<\/strong> is a residential and recreational area of Heaton Mersey<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Priestnall<\/strong> in 1696 and there have been various suggestions for its origin.\u00a0 The first element is generally assumed to be priest<\/em>; the second may be Old English halh<\/em> (\u2018nook of land\u2019), cnoll<\/em> (\u2018hillock\u2019) or cnyll<\/em> (\u2018knell\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PRIMROSE BANK <\/strong>is a residential area of south-west Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1800 and it is recorded as a hamlet in 1829.\u00a0\u00a0 The name of the primrose<\/em> flower is first recorded in 1425 and was valued as a source of evening-primrose oil.\u00a0 In 1964 Oldham Council started a major regeneration of the Primrose Bank estate.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The PRINCE\u2019S BRIDGE<\/strong> was originally a road bridge across the River Irwell<\/strong> between Salford and Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 1859-1863 and named after Prince<\/em> Albert, Queen Victoria<\/strong>\u2019s husband, who had died in 1861.\u00a0 It was rebuilt 1905 and demolished in 2015.\u00a0 It was replaced by a new Prince\u2019s Bridge, a footbridge opened in 2023.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The PRINTWORKS <\/strong>is an entertainment complex in central Manchester<\/strong> with a large cinema, bars, clubs and restaurants.\u00a0 It takes its name from the Hulton newspaper printworks<\/em> that were housed on the site from 1873 until 1988.\u00a0 The site was then sold off, redeveloped and re-opened in 2000.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PRIORY GARDENS<\/strong> are a 6-hectare public park in Sale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> that take their name from Sale Priory<\/em>, a country house built in 1711 as the home of Thomas White, a Manchester<\/strong> lawyer.\u00a0 The house later passed to his son, also Thomas White, a distinguished surgeon, and then to his son, Dr Charles White (1728-1813), the co-founder of Manchester Royal Infirmary (see Cheadle Royal<\/strong>).\u00a0 The Whites gave their name to White\u2019s Bridge<\/strong> over the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The estate was sold to Sale Council in 1923 and the priory was demolished, but the grounds were laid out as a park which is also linked to Sale Water Park<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The PUNGLE<\/strong> is a residential area south of Westhoughton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is little-documented and its origin is obscure.\u00a0 It is recorded as Pungle<\/em> in 1841 but as Pingle Closes<\/em> in 1849.\u00a0 One suggestion is that it is a corruption of Pound Hill<\/strong>, with pound<\/em> meaning an enclosure for stray cattle.\u00a0 Another is that it is a corruption of the Middle English pingel<\/em>, meaning \u2018a small enclosure\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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QUARLTON<\/strong> is a village in the north of Bolton <\/strong>that was formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1246 as Querendon<\/em>, meaning \u2018mill hill\u2019 or \u2018hill where millstones were obtained\u2019, from the Old English cweorn<\/em> (\u2018mill, millstone\u2019) + d\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019).\u00a0 The type of mill referred to is unclear and it may refer to a windmill, a water mill or simply a millstone.\u00a0 The idea that cweorn<\/em> may refer to millstones may be supported by the fact that the hard millstone grit found locally is known to have been used for millstones.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The QUEEN ALEXANDRA PICTURE HOUSE\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> The FESTIVAL THEATRE <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
QUEEN\u2019S PARK, Bolton<\/strong> is an 8.9 hectare public park north-west of the town centre.\u00a0 It was laid out to provide work for destitute mill workers during the cotton famine<\/strong> and initially named Bolton Park when opened in 1866 but was renamed Queen\u2019s Park<\/em> in 1897 to celebrate the diamond jubilee of Queen <\/em>Victoria<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
QUEEN\u2019S PARK, Harpurhey<\/strong> is a 37-hectare public park in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The land was purchased by the city in 1845 and laid out in 1846 as one of the first public parks in England.\u00a0 It was named after Queen<\/em> Victoria<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
QUEEN\u2019S PARK, Heywood <\/strong>is an 18-hectare public park in Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in 1879 and named after Queen<\/em> Victoria<\/strong>, who had given money to the town to purchase the estate of Charles Martin Newhouse (1837-73), a local cotton manufacturer who had died without making a will.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
QUICK<\/strong> is an old name for Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Saddleworth is now the term in general use but Quick survives in various place names in the locality \u2013 Quick, Quickmere, Quick Edge and Quickwood.\u00a0 The derivation is uncertain.\u00a0 A Victorian suggestion that Quick appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 as ‘Thoac’ or ‘Tohac’ has now been discounted as the Domesday entry is thought to refer to Upperthong near Holfirth.\u00a0 More recent suggestions for the origin of Quick are that it may represent a Norman pronunciation of the Old English wic<\/em>, meaning \u2018a dwelling, a building or collection of buildings, a farm\u2019, or that it is derived from Old English cwic<\/em>, meaning the wiggin tree or mountain ash.\u00a0 Perhaps the most-widely accepted proposal is that it is derived from Old English cwic<\/em>, meaning \u2018a quickset hedge\u2019, a type of hedge created by planting quick<\/em> (i.e. live) cuttings, typically hawthorn, so that they grow into a boundary hedge.\u00a0\u00a0 Quick gives its name to Quick Edge and Quick Wood, both south-south-west of Quick in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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R<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RACKHOUSE <\/strong>is a residential area of Wythenshawe<\/strong> west of Northenden <\/strong>in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded as Rack House<\/em> on a map of 1831 of Cheshire. <\/strong>\u00a0Rackhouse Farm was part of the area purchased by the City in 1926 and in 1929 it was chosen as the site of Manchester\u2019s first airport, but it closed in 1930 when Barton<\/strong> airport was opened and the area became a school.\u00a0 The derivation of \u2018rackhouse\u2019 is not documented, but the name is found elsewhere in England meaning \u2018a house<\/em> or barn where things were stored on wooden racks\u2019<\/em>. The word is not included in the Oxford English Dictionary<\/em> but it is still used in the USA for structures where whiskey barrels are stored while the bourbon matures.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RADCLIFFE<\/strong><\/a> is a town on the River Irwell <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> 11 kilometres north-west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0\u00a0 The name is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Radeclive<\/em>, meaning \u2018red cliff\u2019 and referring to the red <\/em>sandstone cliff<\/em> beside the Irwell (see<\/em> Appendix 1). It is taken from the Old English read<\/em> (\u2018red\u2019) + clif<\/em> (\u2018cliff\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RADCLIFFE EES<\/strong> is a 41-hectare area of wetland on the north bank of a meander in the River Irwell<\/strong> east of the town of Radcliffe<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 Ees<\/em> is a local word for a water meadow derived from the Old English \u0113g<\/em>, meaning \u2018island\u2019, often a piece of firm land in an area liable to flooding.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RAG HOLE BROOK <\/strong>is a short stream that rises on Dick Hill<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and flows south through Rag Hole Clough into the north-west corner of Ogden<\/strong> Reservoir.\u00a0 The name is not recorded before the mid-20th<\/sup> century and its origin is obscure.\u00a0 Local sources suggest it is from the dialect rag<\/em>, meaning \u2018hoar frost\u2019, but it could also come from OE ragge<\/em> (\u2018rough stone\u2019, hence \u2018ragged\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RAIKES CLOUGH <\/strong>is a 14-hectare wooded area beside the River Croal<\/strong> south-west of Darcy Lever<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are several places named \u2018Raikes\u2019 in the Bolton area \u2013 Raikes Bleach Works dates back to the 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The origin is thought to be Old Norse r<\/em>\u00e1k <\/em>or Middle English rake<\/em>, meaning \u2018a lane, path, track\u2019, particularly one leading to pasture.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RAIN SHORE <\/strong>or RAINSHORE <\/strong>is a hamlet and housing estate to the west of Greenbooth Reservoir<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The settlement is not well documented but local farmhouses have 1709 and 1777 on their datestones.\u00a0 The origin of the name is uncertain but it probably has nothing to do with either \u2018rain\u2019 or \u2018shore\u2019:\u00a0 it might mean \u2018steep bank (Old English scoren<\/em>) beside a small stream (rynel<\/em>)\u2019.\u00a0\u00a0 The stream could be Fordoe Brook<\/strong>, which powered 19th<\/sup>-century wool and dye mills in Rainshore.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RAINSOUGH <\/strong>is an open space and residential area in Prestwich<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is also the site of an Iron Age and Roman fort atop Rainsough Hill, although no remains are visible today.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1716, when a poorhouse was built nearby.\u00a0 The name is said to have originally been Raineshaw<\/em>, suggesting that it might have been derived from Old English hr<\/em>\u00e6fn<\/em> (\u2018raven\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RAKEWOOD <\/strong>is village south of Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is not well documented before the building of a church by the Methodists in 1867 and Rakewood Lower Mill, which is believed to date from the 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name means \u2018wood in a narrow valley\u2019, from the Old English hraeca <\/em>(\u2018mouth of a narrow valley\u2019) + wudu<\/em>.\u00a0 The valley is probably that of Hollingworth<\/strong> Brook or Longden End Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RAMSBOTTOM<\/strong><\/a> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury <\/strong>on the banks of the River Irwell.\u00a0 <\/strong>The name is recorded in 1324 as Romesbothum<\/em> and means \u2018valley bottom where wild garlic grows\u2019 from the Old English hramsa<\/em> + bothm<\/em>, suggesting that the herb may have grown along the valley.\u00a0 A less likely possibility is that it actually means \u2018ram\u2019s valley bottom\u2019 from the Old English ramm <\/em>(\u2018ram\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RAMS BROOK<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises south of Slackcote<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows north-east into the Tame.\u00a0 Rams Clough is recorded in 1739 and the name may literally mean \u2018the valley of the rams\u2019 (Old English ramm<\/em>) or, less likely, may be derived from Old English hr<\/em>\u00e6fn<\/em>, so that the meaning would be \u2018valley of the ravens\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RAVEDEN BROOK<\/strong> and RAVEDEN CLOUGH\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>Raveden or Ravden Brook is a tributary of the River Tonge<\/strong> that rises on the Pennine<\/strong> moors and flows through Smithills <\/strong>Country Park to join Dean Brook<\/strong> to form Astley<\/strong> Brook.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1429 as Rapeden<\/em> but its origin is unclear.\u00a0 It may be from the Old Norse hrapi<\/em>, meaning \u2018small shrubs\u2019, or hrapa<\/em>, meaning \u2018rushing\u2019.\u00a0 A third possibility is that it is an eponym, either from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Hraefn<\/em> or the later Raphe<\/em> or Ralphe<\/em>.\u00a0 The second element is the Old English d\u0113nu<\/em>, meaning \u2018valley\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RAVENSTONE ROCKS <\/strong>and RAVENSTONE BROW <\/strong>are found on Broadstone Moss<\/strong> in the Peak District <\/strong>National Park east of Diggle<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 The names are recorded on the Ordnance Survey of 1843 and presumably suggest that ravens were found in the area or, less likely, the rocks are shaped like a raven.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RAYNER PARK<\/strong> is a public park in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The park was opened on 15 November 1924 by Mrs Ann Alice Rayner, who gave the land to the local authority and asked that it be named after her husband, John Edward Rayner<\/em> (1851-1918), who owned several collieries in the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
READYCON DEAN BROOK<\/strong> and READYCON DEAN RESERVOIR\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>The reservoir was completed in 1883 as the highest of a series in the Denshaw<\/strong> area built to supply the growing population and industries of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 The reservoir is fed by streams from Readycom Hill<\/em> and Readycon Dean Brook<\/em> flows out of the western end of the reservoir and eventually feeds Crook Gate<\/strong>, Dowry<\/strong> and New Year\u2019s Bridge<\/strong> reservoirs.\u00a0 The water flowing out of these reservoirs then form the River Tame<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1468 as Redokindenhede<\/em>, meaning \u2018red oak valley\u2019, from the Old English r<\/em>\u0113ad <\/em>(\u2018red\u2019) + \u0101cen <\/em>(\u2018oak\u2019) + denu<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RED BANK <\/strong>is a residential area north of the River Irk<\/strong> north of Manchester <\/strong>city centre and Victoria station<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1557 as a street running north-east from the north bank<\/em> of the Irk and takes its name from the red<\/em> sandstone on which it is built and which was used in the construction of Manchester Cathedral, Chetham\u2019s Library<\/strong> and other buildings.\u00a0 It developed as a middle-class residential area in the late 18th<\/sup> and early 19th<\/sup> century but had degenerated into an industrial slum area by the middle of the 19th<\/sup> century, described (but not actually named) by Engels as \u2018utterly uninhabitable\u2019 in 1845, asking, \u2018How can people wash when they have only the dirty Irk water at hand?\u2019, but overlooking the fact that the Dolphin Baths (the first in Manchester) had been opened in Horrocks<\/strong> in Red Bank in 1836.\u00a0 The slums were demolished in the 1930s and the area is currently undergoing regeneration as part of the Victoria North<\/strong> new town project.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RED BROOK <\/strong>is a stream that is formed by the confluence of Sinderland<\/strong> Brook and Caldwell Brook<\/strong> just below Covershaw Bridge<\/strong> in Carrington<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It then flows westward and empties into the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> opposite Glaze Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 Although the stream is mentioned as far back as the 13th<\/sup> century, the current name is thought to be much more recent.\u00a0 There are a good many Red Brooks across England and they often take their name from their iron oxide content, giving them a distinct colouration, but this cannot be confirmed in this case.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
REDDISH<\/strong> is a suburb of Stockport<\/strong>, about 7.5 kilometres south-east of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1212 as Rediche<\/em> but the modern spelling is found from 1577.\u00a0 It is usually said to mean \u2018ditch where reeds grow\u2019, from Old English hr\u0113od<\/em> (\u2018reed\u2019) + d\u012bc<\/em> (\u2018ditch\u2019).\u00a0 Another possibility is that it means \u2018red ditch\u2019 from read<\/em> + d\u012bc<\/em>.\u00a0 In both cases, the d\u012bc<\/em> probably refers to Nico Ditch<\/strong>.\u00a0 Suggestions that the \u2018red ditch\u2019 was the site of an ancient and bloody battle are probably folk etymology.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
REDISHER WOOD <\/strong>is a 14-hectare local nature reserve on Holcombe Moor, west of the village of Holcombe<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1797 as Reddisher Wood<\/em> and in 1848 as Radisher Wood<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are two theories as to the origin of the name.\u00a0 One is that it means \u2018reed ditch\u2019, from Old English hr\u0113od<\/em> + d\u012bc<\/em>, referring to Holcombe Brook, which flows through the wood.\u00a0 <\/em>The other is that it means \u2018red ditch\u2019, from Old English read<\/em> + d\u012bc<\/em>, referring to the red<\/em> or ochre deposits of iron bedrock which discolour the soil and groundwater.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RED LUMB<\/strong> is a village on the moors north-west of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but Lumb<\/em> is a common place name dating back to mediaeval times across Lancashire<\/strong>, West Yorkshire<\/strong> and Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is derived from the Old English r<\/em>\u0113ad<\/em>, referring to the local red clay + lumm<\/em>, meaning \u2018a pool\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RED MOSS <\/strong>is a 47-hectare nature reserve south of Horwich<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was set aside as a nature reserve in 1999 to preserve the wildlife of the ancient moss wetland. \u00a0M<\/em>os<\/em> is the Old English for swamp or marsh, and \u2018red\u2019 presumably refers to the colour of the vegetation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
REDVALES<\/strong> is a suburb of Bury<\/strong> close to the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is an eponym which is first recorded in 1185 as Rediveshale<\/em>, meaning \u2018the nook of land belonging to the lady R\u0113dgifu<\/em>\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + halh <\/em>(\u2018nook or corner of land\u2019), referring to the large bend in the Irwell to the south-west of the current district of Redvales.\u00a0 The modern spelling suggests a rationalisation of the name in the belief that it comes from red<\/em> + vale<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
REEBOK STADIUM\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> TOUGHSHEET COMMUNITY STADIUM<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
REGENT BRIDGE <\/strong>is a road bridge across the River Irwell<\/strong> connecting Hulme<\/strong> in the City of Manchester and Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in 1808 but the chronology of the name is difficult to determine as the building pre-dates the Regency period (1811-20, when the Prince of Wales, the future George IV, acted as regent <\/em>as his father, George III, was incapacitated) and it seems that the bridge was originally known as Quaker Hall\u2019s bridge as it was built by a local Quaker named Hall who charged a ha\u2019penny toll.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RHODES <\/strong>and nearby RHODES GREEN <\/strong>and RHODES RAVINE <\/strong>are areas east of Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1332 as Rodes<\/em>, from Old English rod<\/em> meaning \u2018a clearing\u2019.\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RHODES BANK <\/strong>is a residential area of Oldham<\/strong>, west of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in parish records of 1828 as Rhodesbank<\/em> but the name is probably much older, meaning \u2018the hillside of the Rhodes<\/em> family\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RICHMOND HILL <\/strong>is, or was, a street and residential area on a low rise in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the construction of the Richmond Independent Chapel in Richmond Hill in 1845.\u00a0 The name would seem to have been transferred from Richmond Hill<\/em> in Richmond-on-Thames in what was then Surrey.\u00a0 Richmond-on-Thames was formerly called Sheen but was renamed by order of Henry VII after Richmond in North Yorkshire.\u00a0 The name means \u2018strong hill\u2019 from the Old French riche<\/em> + mont<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RIDGE HILL <\/strong>or RIDGEHILL <\/strong>is a residential and recreational area of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1848.\u00a0 It comes from the 362-metre Pennine<\/strong> hill overlooking Stalybridge and describes the shape of the hill.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RIDING GATE <\/strong>is a location in Bolton<\/strong>, about 6.5 kilometres from the town centre.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is thought to mean \u2018the cleared road\u2019, from Middle English ridden<\/em> (\u2018to clear a way\u2019) + Old Norse gata<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a road, an entrance to a field\u2019).\u00a0 Over time, the original meaning seems to have been forgotten and the name was rationalised to Riding Gate.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The RIGHTON GALLERY <\/strong>is an art gallery in central Manchester<\/strong> belonging to Manchester Metropolitan University.\u00a0 It occupies the Righton Building, originally opened in 1905 as a draper\u2019s shop built for William Righton<\/em> (1855\/56-1923).\u00a0 It late became a builders\u2019 merchants\u2019 showroom but was purchased by Manchester Corporation in 1969.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RIMMON PIT BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> which rises in the Peak District <\/strong>National Park in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>and flows through Rimmon Pit Clough (from Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>, meaning \u2018ravine, deep valley\u2019) to meet Holme Brook<\/strong>, which then meets Greenfield<\/strong> Brook and goes on to join the Tame.\u00a0 In local folklore, Rimmon was a river nymph loved by two giants, Alder<\/strong> and Alphin<\/strong>.\u00a0 The two giants fought for her love by hurling boulders at each other and Alphin was killed.\u00a0 Rimmon, who loved Alphin, killed herself.\u00a0 Pit<\/em> comes from Old English pytt<\/em>, meaning \u2018a pit or hollow\u2019.\u00a0 See also<\/em> ALDERMAN\u2019S HILL<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RINGLEY<\/strong> is a residential area on the east bank of the River Irwell<\/strong> near Kearsley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The early history of the name is not well documented but in 1420 it appears as Ryngleys<\/em>, meaning \u2018round clearing\u2019, from the Old English hring\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018ring, a circle; something circular\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018clearing, glade\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RINGWAY<\/strong> is a village, formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>, which was transferred to the City of Manchester<\/strong> in 1974.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1260 as Ringheye<\/em> and means \u2018circular hedged enclosure\u2019 and comes from the Old English hring<\/em> (\u2018ring, circle\u2019) + haeg<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019).\u00a0 Manchester Airport<\/strong> is located in Ringway.\u00a0 It was opened in 1938 as Manchester Ringway Airport but the name was changed to Manchester International Airport in 1975.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RIVERSVALE ARBORETUM <\/strong>is an arboretum (a wooded area devoted to the study and display of plants and trees) on the south bank of the River Medlock<\/strong> in Limehurst<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name originates from Riversvale <\/em>Hall, a country house built in 1843-47 but destroyed by fire in 1947.\u00a0 The name seems to be a modern coinage \u2013 river<\/em> + vale<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019) – rather than that of a previous settlement or site. The grounds and the arboretum became part of Daisy Nook<\/strong> Country Park in 1976.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROACHES <\/strong>is an area\u00a0to the north of Mossley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are several places named Roach or Roaches in England,\u00a0notably The Roaches, an escarpment in Staffordshire.\u00a0 Most are recorded in the Middle Ages and derive from the French Roche<\/em>, meaning ‘rock’.\u00a0 This may be the origin of Roaches in Mossley, and quarrying in the area may support this possibility.\u00a0 However, the name is recorded only with the opening of Roaches Lock and Roaches Bridge with the opening of the Huddersfield Narrow Canal in 1811, suggesting that the name could be an eponym.\u00a0 Church records show that there was a Roach family in Mossley at the start of the 19th century but this cannot be confirmed as the origin of the place name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROAD END <\/strong>is a residential area between Greenfield<\/strong> and Boarshurst<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is thought to date from the early 19th<\/sup> century when the Chew<\/strong> Valley turnpike road <\/em>came to an end<\/em> at this point before being extended north-west later in the century after tolls were ended in 1885.\u00a0 The toll house in Road End dates from around 1827.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River ROCH<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Irwell <\/strong>that rises in the Pennines<\/strong> south of Todmorden and joins the Irwell<\/strong> east of Radcliffe<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is evidently linked to that of the town of Rochdale<\/strong>, but the link is unclear.\u00a0 It is recorded as Rach<\/em> in the 12th<\/sup> century and it is usually said to be derived from the name of the town, which is spelled Rachedal <\/em>in 1190. \u00a0\u00a0See also<\/em> CALDERBOOK<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROCHDALE <\/strong>is a town 16 kilometres north of Manchester<\/strong> city centre that became a metropolitan borough in 1974.\u00a0 The origin of the name is complex.\u00a0 It appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Recedham<\/em> (see<\/em> Appendix 1) but Rochedale<\/em> is found from 1276.\u00a0 Although Rochdale lies on the River Roch<\/strong>, it is believed that the town gave its name to the river rather than vice versa.\u00a0 The original name was derived from Old English r\u00e6ced<\/em> (\u2018building, hall\u2019) + h\u0101m <\/em>(\u2018homestead\u2019), meaning \u2018homestead with a hall\u2019, but h\u0101m <\/em>was soon replaced by d\u00e6l<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019), referring to the valley of the River Roch, which had acquired its name by the 13th century.\u00a0 When Daniel Defoe visited the town in about 1725, he described it as a \u2018very considerable\u2019 manufacturing town but \u2018so remote, so out of the way, and so at the very foot of the mountains, that we may suppose it would be but little frequented\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROCHDALE PIONEERS MUSEUM <\/strong>and PIONEERS MARKET<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0In December 1844 the Rochdale Equitable Pioneers<\/em> Society<\/em> was established in a building in Toad Lane in Rochdale<\/strong> and, although not the first such society in Victorian England, it became the model for the co-operative movement around the world.\u00a0 The original building was purchased by the Co-operative Union in 1925 and opened as a museum in 1931.\u00a0 The Rochdale Pioneers are also commemorated in the new market which opened in January 2025.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROCHER VALE<\/strong> is a nature reserve in the valley of the River Medlock<\/strong> close to Bardsley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 In the past it was the site of the Rocher Vale colliery but it now forms part of the Park Bridge<\/strong> Heritage Centre.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but rocher<\/em>, from the Old French for \u2018rock\u2019, is found in a number of place names in what was the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROEACRE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Roch <\/strong>which rises west of Castleton<\/strong>, flows north west to meet Millers Brook<\/strong> and then flows into the Roch south of Crimble<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The brook would seem to take its name from the hamlet of Roeacre, which is little documented before the construction of Roeacre Mill in 1886.\u00a0 The name would seem to mean \u2018land where deer are found\u2019, from the Old English r\u0101 <\/em>(\u2018roebuck deer\u2019) + \u00e6cer <\/em>(\u2018arable or cultivated land\u2019), and there are many places in Greater Manchester that are named after deer (Darley Park<\/strong>, Hartshead<\/strong>, Hattersley<\/strong>, Hindley<\/strong>, Hindsford<\/strong>, Roe Cross<\/strong>, Roe Green<\/strong>), but roe<\/em> as a place-name element is often a corruption with another meaning and so further research is required to confirm the origin of the name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROEBUCK LOW BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Medlock<\/strong> which rises on the moors north of Austerlands <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, flows south-west and then south into Strinesdale<\/strong> reservoir and on into the Medlock.\u00a0 There is a village in Rossendale in Lancashire<\/strong> called Roebuck Low, but with no apparent connection to Roebuck Low Brook in Oldham, although both would seem to mean \u2018the hill (Old English hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em>) where roe (Old English r\u0101<\/em>) buck (bucc<\/em>) are found\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROE CROSS <\/strong>is a village north of Mottram in Longdendale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1842 but it is probably older.\u00a0 It means \u2018roebuck cross\u2019, from Old English r\u0101 <\/em>(\u2018roebuck deer\u2019) + cros <\/em>(\u2018cross\u2019), perhaps in reference to its position on a crossroads.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROE GREEN <\/strong>is a residential area of Worsley<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is recorded in 1585 as Rowe Green<\/em>, derived from Old English r\u0101 <\/em>(\u2018roebuck deer\u2019) + grene<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018village green, grazing area\u2019).\u00a0 Roebuck are the most common species of deer in England and are found across the north-west.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROMAN LAKES LEISURE PARK <\/strong>is a private tourist attraction outside Marple<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The \u2018lakes\u2019 originated as a series of millponds formed when the River Goyt<\/strong> was diverted to provide power for Mellor<\/strong> Mill, built in 1792.\u00a0 The mill was burnt down in 1892 and the area was converted into a pleasure park by the mill manager, Edwin Furness, who invented the spurious name to give the idea that the \u2018lakes\u2019 had been built by the Romans<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROMILEY<\/strong> is a suburban village in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see <\/em>Appendix 1) as Rumelie<\/em>, meaning \u2018the roomy clearing\u2019, from the Old English r\u016bm<\/em> or r\u016bmig <\/em>(\u2018roomy, broad, spacious\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018clearing, glade\u2019).\u00a0 Despite its name, it was recorded as having a population of zero.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROODEN RESERVOIR <\/strong>was built in 1894-1901 as one of six reservoirs fed by Piethorne Brook<\/strong> (Ogden<\/strong>, Kitcliffe<\/strong>, Piethorne<\/strong>, Hanging Lees<\/strong>, Rooden<\/strong> and Norman Hill<\/strong>) and the tributaries of Rooden Catchwater to supply water for Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 All six took their names from farms that were abandoned or submerged, and Rooden F<\/em>arm was named after a local hill.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1340 as Roden<\/em>, meaning \u2018hill with a cross\u2019, from Old English r\u014dd<\/em> (\u2018rood, cross\u2019) + d\u016bn <\/em>(\u2018hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROOLEY MOOR<\/strong> is a moorland area north of Rochdale<\/strong> that was formerly known as Shore Moor in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is said to have been changed in the 18th<\/sup> century when a Mr Rowley <\/em>(later corrupted to Rooley<\/em>) took up residence in a local inn.\u00a0 An alternative suggestion is that it is a corruption of Roelow<\/em>, meaning \u2018the hill (Old English hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em>) of the roebuck deer (Old English r\u0101<\/em>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROSCOW FOLD <\/strong>is a hamlet west of Breightmet<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It originated as a square of eleven cottages built in about 1800 and named after an Alice Roscoe<\/em>.\u00a0 Roscoe is a common name in the Bolton area and there are records of Alice Roscoes as far back as about 1578.\u00a0 A fold <\/em>is a small farmstead, often named after the owner.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROSE BRIDGE<\/strong> is a suburb of Wigan <\/strong>east of the main town centre.\u00a0 It takes its name from Rose Bridge<\/em>, which carries the main road between Manchester<\/strong> and Wigan over the Leeds & Liverpool Canal, which was completed in 1816.\u00a0 The bridge itself was built in 1817-19 but the origin of its name seems to be unknown.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROSE HILL <\/strong>is a district west of Marple<\/strong> in the Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name originally applied just to a house, Rose Hill House<\/em>, but the opening of a station by the Marple Bollington & Macclesfield Railway in 1869 under the name Marple (Rose Hill) led to the development of a community named Rose Hill.\u00a0 The original Rose Hill House was demolished in 1945.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROUGH BANK <\/strong>is a rural area of the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> north-east of Newhey<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded with its modern spelling in 1598 and as a local farmhouse dated 1607.\u00a0 It means \u2018rough hill\u2019, from the Old English ruh<\/em> + bank<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROUGHTOWN<\/strong> is a residential area in the north of Mossley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> overlooking the River Tame<\/strong> and the Huddersfield Narrow Canal.\u00a0 The name seems initially to have been unofficial, found in Old Roughtown Mill of 1820 which was powered by the local stream, Roughtown Spout, and in the Huddersfield & Manchester Railway\u2019s Roughtown overbridge of 1845-49.\u00a0 It was standardised in 1865 with the opening of Roughtown School and was then used in official records.\u00a0 There are two theories about the origin of the name.\u00a0 The more common is that it came from the rough<\/em> behaviour of the workers at the nearby Glossop quarries.\u00a0 The other is that the area was difficult to build because of the rough<\/em> and stony ground.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROUNDTHORN<\/strong> is an industrial estate and residential area developed in the mid-1950s in Wythenshawe<\/strong> in south-west Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 Roundthorn <\/em>Farm is shown on a map of 1831 and the name was later applied to the estate that was built over it.\u00a0 Roundthorn<\/em> is a place name found across northern England, derived from Anglo-French rounde<\/em> + Old English thorn<\/em>.\u00a0 There is no species of hawthorn called \u2018roundthorn\u2019 and the name refers to a circular enclosure or animal pasture surrounded by hawthorns as a sort of fence.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROWLANDS <\/strong>is a village east of Summerseat<\/strong> and within a meander of the River Irwell <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is not well documented before the building of a Wesleyan chapel in 1830.\u00a0 It is said to be an eponym and that the area was once owned by a man named Rowland<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROWTON BROOK <\/strong>and ROWTON CLOUGH\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>Rowton Brook is a tributary of the River Medlock<\/strong> which seems to rise south of Holts<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flow south-west through Rowton Clough to join the Medlock.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but there are other places named Rowton elsewhere in England and these suggest that Rowton was once a settlement that gave its name to the brook.\u00a0 Different derivations have been suggested for different places named Rowton \u2013 either Middle English routen<\/em>, \u2018to roar\u2019, or Old English r<\/em>\u016bh<\/em>, \u2018rough\u2019, + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>, meaning \u2018enclosure, village\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROXBURY <\/strong>is a residential area in south-east Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1841 as the site of the New Earth<\/strong> Colliery.\u00a0 Its origin is uncertain but may parallel that of Roxbury in Massachussetts, which was founded in 1630 as Rocksbury<\/em> \u2013 \u2018the burh<\/em> of rocks<\/em>\u2019, referring to the local sedimentary rocks.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROYAL ALBERT EDWARD INFIRMARY <\/strong>is an NHS hospital in north Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the Prince of Wales, Prince Albert Edward<\/em> (1841-1910, later King Edward VII), who, with his wife, the Princess of Wales (1844-1920, later Queen Alexandra<\/strong>) opened the hospital in 1873.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROYAL EXCHANGE\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> EXCHANGE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROYAL GEORGE AQUEDUCT <\/strong>or DIVISION BRIDGE <\/strong>is a stone aqueduct near Mossley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside <\/strong>and Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 1794-97 to carry the Huddersfield Narrow Canal over the River Tame<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was named after the nearby Royal George<\/em> Mills that were built in 1786 and named in honour of King George III<\/em> (reigned 1760-1820).\u00a0 The alternative name of Division Bridge indicates its position on the boundary between Saddleworth and Mossley.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROYAL OAK <\/strong>is a residential area of Baguley<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the Royal Oak<\/em> pub, which was built in 1936 but there is said to have been a pub on the site since the 16th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Its original name was recorded as \u2018The Oak in Baguley\u2019 in 1580 but it was changed to the Royal Oak after the restoration of King Charles II to the throne in 1660.\u00a0 Many pubs were given this name at that time to celebrate the restoration by recalling the time when Charles, then Prince Charles, escaped capture by the parliamentary army after the Battle of Worcester by hiding up an oak tree.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROYALTHORN<\/strong> was a rural area of northern Cheshire<\/strong> in Northen Etchells<\/strong>, now in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The first element was recorded in the mid-13th<\/sup> century as Ryale<\/em>, meaning \u2018rye hill\u2019, from Old English ryge<\/em> + hyll<\/em>.\u00a0 The second element, from Old English thorn<\/em> (\u2018thorn tree\u2019), is recorded in 1536 but the name was rationalised to Royalthorn by 1831.\u00a0 An inn named the Ryle Thorn gave its name to the Royal Thorn pub in Wythenshawe<\/strong> the 1930s, but this was demolished in 2001.\u00a0 The name is retained today by several roads in Sharston<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROYDS BROOK <\/strong>is s stream that rises north of Red Lumb<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and flows south-east into Greenbooth Reservoir<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is said to derive from the Old English rod<\/em>, meaning \u2018woodland clearing\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROYLE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises north of Pobgreen<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>and flows west through Royle Clough to meet Wickens Brook<\/strong> and Pickhill Brook<\/strong>, which then joins the Tame in Uppermill<\/strong>.\u00a0 Royle Clough is recorded in 1747 as Rie-holes,<\/em> probably meaning \u2018hollow<\/em> where rye<\/em> is grown\u2019, from Old English r<\/em>\u04efge<\/em> + hol<\/em>.\u00a0 Royle Brook flows south of a farm name Ryefields, which is reached from Ryefields Drive, confirming the growing of rye and the name of the brook.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROYLEY <\/strong>is a residential area of Royton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1325 as Rylegh<\/em>, meaning \u2018clearing where rye is grown\u2019, from the Old English r\u04efge<\/em> (\u2018rye\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018woodland clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROYTON<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, close to the River Irk<\/strong> and 13 kilometres north-east of Manchester <\/strong>city centre.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1226 as Ritton<\/em> and with its modern spelling from 1577.\u00a0 The name means \u2018farm or village where rye is grown\u2019 from the Old English r\u04efge<\/em> (\u2018rye\u2019) + t\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018farm, village\u2019).\u00a0\u00a0 This is one of the few place names in Greater Manchester<\/strong> that refers to an agricultural crop.\u00a0 It could be said that Greater Manchester\u2019s cotton industry began and ended in Royton \u2013 the first water-powered cotton mill in what was then Lancashire<\/strong> was Thorp<\/strong> Mill, built in 1764, and the last was Elk Mill<\/strong>, completed in 1926.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RUINS <\/strong>is a residential area of Harwood <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong> centred on a street called \u2018Ruins Lane<\/em>\u2019, which was the site of a wood and grain mill built in the last quarter of the 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The mill collapsed in the 1940s, although the lane seems to have been named much earlier, perhaps in the 19th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RUMWORTH <\/strong>is a neighbourhood in the Borough of Bolton<\/strong> that was in Lancashire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1205 as Rumwrth<\/em> and as Rumworth<\/em> in 1278.\u00a0 The name probably means \u2018the broad farm\u2019 from Old English r\u016bm<\/em> (\u2018broad, spacious\u2019) + worth<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018an enclosure\u2019).\u00a0 Rumworth lends its name to Rumworth Lodge Reservoir, which was built in 1849.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RUNNING HILL HEAD<\/strong> is a hamlet on the western edge of Saddleworth<\/strong> Moor and east of Diggle <\/strong>and Uppermill<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>. \u00a0The name is recorded in 1722 and probably refers to the many streams, such as Broadstone Brook<\/strong> and Royle Brook<\/strong>, which run<\/em> off the hill<\/em>.\u00a0 This use of run<\/em> is much earlier than its application to human movement.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RUSH BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong> that rises in Belle Vue<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong> and then flows west through Kirkmanshulme<\/strong> and Rusholme<\/strong> to meet Corn Brook<\/strong> in Moss Side<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 It has been suggested that Rush Brook lent its name to Rusholme.\u00a0 The name seems to date from mediaeval times and is quite literal:\u00a0 \u2018the brook (Old English br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em>) with rushes (rysc<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RUSHCROFT\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>Higher and Lower Rushcroft are residential areas north-west of Shaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the mid-19th<\/sup>-century, when maps of the area show Rushcroft Farm, <\/em>and by the end of the century Higher and Lower Rushcroft appear as hamlets.\u00a0 In the 1950s, estates were built to relieve Oldham\u2019s housing shortage. The name means \u2018an enclosure (Old English croft<\/em>) with rushes (rysc<\/em>)\u2019, perhaps in reference to rushes in nearby Pencil Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RUSHFORD PARK<\/strong> is a residential conservation and recreational area in Levenshulme<\/strong>, about 5 kilometres south-east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is first mentioned as Rushford Bridge<\/em>, which was probably built in 1751.\u00a0 The name means \u2018the ford with rushes\u2019, from the Old English rysc<\/em> + ford<\/em>, perhaps referring to an earlier ford across what is now the Levenshulme Road Brook.\u00a0 The building of the Manchester & Birmingham Railway line to Crewe and the opening of a station at Rushford in 1840 led to residential and commercial development, but the closure of the station in 1843 limited further development until the end of the century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RUSHOLME <\/strong>is a suburb of the City of Manchester <\/strong>about 3.5 kilometres south of the city centre that was formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded as Russum<\/em> in 1235 and means \u2018(the place at) the rushes\u2019, from the Old English ryscum<\/em>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The spelling with -holme<\/em> is from the 16th<\/sup> century and seems to be an assimilation to the \u2018-holme\/-hulme\u2019 <\/em>suffix found elsewhere in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RYDER BROW <\/strong>or RIDER BROW<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0See<\/em> WINNING HILL<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RYECROFT<\/strong> is a locality in the west of Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Borough of Tameside<\/strong> that was formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name first appears as Rycroft<\/em> in 1283 and means \u2018rye field\u2019 from Old English ryge<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018rye\u2019) + croft<\/em> (\u2018small enclosed field\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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S<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SACKVILLE GARDENS<\/strong> is a small park in central Manchester<\/strong> that takes its name from nearby Sackville Street.\u00a0 The street appears on a map of 1807 and is named after Lionel Cranfield Sackville<\/em> (1688-1765), the Duke of Dorset, who was Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.\u00a0 The land was purchased by Manchester City Corporation in 1900 and opened as a public park, originally named Whitworth<\/strong> Gardens.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SADDLEWORTH <\/strong>is a moorland area of the western Pennines<\/strong> that was part of the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong> until 1974 but is now administered as part of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name is recorded in the late 12th<\/sup> century as Sadelwrth<\/em> and with its modern spelling from 1572.\u00a0 It is usually said to mean \u2018enclosure on a saddle-shaped ridge\u2019 from Old English sadol<\/em> (\u2018saddle; saddle-shaped\u2019) + worth<\/em> (\u2018enclosure; enclosed settlement\u2019), but no such saddle-shaped hill has been identified.\u00a0 An alternative suggestion, given Saddleworth\u2019s terrain and position on the border between Yorkshire<\/strong> and Lancashire<\/strong>, is that it could mean \u2018boundary-hill settlement\u2019, from Old English scead<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018boundary\u2019) + hyll <\/em>+ worth<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SADLER\u2019S YARD<\/strong> is a 300-square-metre pedestrian square in central Manchester<\/strong> which was opened in 2015.\u00a0 It is named after James Sadler<\/em> (1753-1828), who was the first Englishman to make a balloon flight.\u00a0 Following his first ascent in Oxford on 4 October 1784, he made a further flight on 12 May 1785 from what is now Balloon Street in central Manchester to Radcliffe<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SAIL BARK MOSS <\/strong>and SAIL BARK ROCKS<\/strong> are found on Saddleworth <\/strong>Moor in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The names are recorded on the 1843 Ordnance Survey map and probably mean \u2018willow bark\u2019, from the Old English salh<\/em>, which means \u2018sallow or willow tree\u2019, + Old Norse b\u00f6rkr<\/em>, meaning \u2018bark\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ST ANN\u2019S SQUARE <\/strong>is a pedestrianised space in the centre of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is named after the nearby Anglican St Ann\u2019s<\/em> Church, which was completed in July 1712, but it also acknowledges the current monarch, Queen Ann <\/em>(1665-1714) and its patron, Lady Ann<\/em> Bland (1662-1734).\u00a0 The Act of Parliament that authorised the construction of the church stipulated that an adjacent area 30 yards wide should be set aside for a regular farmers\u2019 market for the buying and selling of animals in what was previously known as Acresfield.\u00a0 This name is thought to have been derived either from a 13th<\/sup>-century priest called Aca<\/em> or from the acre<\/em>age of the field<\/em>. The fair continued on the site until 1820.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ST GEORGE\u2019S<\/strong> is a residential and recreational area of Hulme<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from St George\u2019s<\/em> Church, built in 1826-1828 as one of 612 Anglican churches built across Britain to commemorate the Battle of Waterloo<\/strong> of 1815 and the end of the Napoleonic Wars.\u00a0 The church was closed in 1984 and converted into flats in 2000-2002, but the name lives on as the name of the district.\u00a0 The name was also celebrated in St George\u2019s Park in Hulme, but this was renamed Barrack Park<\/strong> in 1994.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ST GEORGE\u2019S PARK\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>BARRACK PARK<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ST JOHN\u2019S GARDENS <\/strong>is a park in central Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It lies on the site of the Anglican St John\u2019s<\/em> church and cemetery.\u00a0 The church was completed in 1769 but demolished in 1931.\u00a0 St John\u2019s Gardens were opened in 1932.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ST MARY\u2019S PARK, Prestwich<\/strong>, is a 6.8-hectare public amenity in the centre of Prestwich in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is laid out on land that formerly belonged to St Mary\u2019s Church<\/em> which was purchased by the local council in 1927 and formally opened to the public in 1931.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ST MARY\u2019S PARK, Walkden,<\/strong> is a 6.5-hectare playing ground in Walkden<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally established by a local colliery as an employees\u2019 recreation ground in 1842 and was opened to the public in 1894.\u00a0 There was no church in the vicinity in the 19th<\/sup> century but there are references to a chapel in Worsley going back to the 13th<\/sup> century and these may refer to the Church of St Mary the Virgin<\/em> in Ellenbrook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ST MICHAEL\u2019S FLAGS <\/strong>and ANGEL MEADOW PARK <\/strong>is a 3-hectare public park close to the centre of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name originates with St Michael and All Angels\u2019<\/em> Church, which was built in 1788-1789.\u00a0 By the mid-19th<\/sup> century the area was known for its poverty and disease, and the Manchester Guardian<\/em> wondered \u2018Why one of the ugliest churches in Manchester, situated in one of the most crowded and notorious parts of the city, should have so long enjoyed the pleasant sounding name St Michael\u2019s Angel Meadow is beyond understanding\u2019.\u00a0 In 1855 a law was passed to cover the graves with flagstones<\/em> to prevent people from digging up the soil to sell as fertilizer.\u00a0 The area was walled off in 1888 and Angel Meadow became a popular park and football pitch.\u00a0 The church was demolished in 1935 and since 2001 the area has undergone regeneration. See also<\/em> ANGEL MEADOW<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ST PETER\u2019S SQUARE<\/strong> is a public square in central Manchester<\/strong> named after St Peter\u2019s<\/em> Anglican church, which was built in 1788-1794.\u00a0 The area was originally known as St Peter\u2019s Field and was the site of the massacre on 16 August 1819 when yeomanry attacked a crowd of 60,000 protesters demanding the reform of the House of Commons.\u00a0 It is usually said that 18 people were killed and 700 injured.\u00a0 Five days later James Wroe, the editor of the Manchester Observer<\/em>, coined the term \u2018Peterloo\u2019 to compare the massacre with the Battle of Waterloo<\/strong>.\u00a0 In 1907 St Peter\u2019s church was demolished and St Peter\u2019s Square was laid out and was soon surrounded by large buildings \u2013 the Midland Hotel<\/strong> in 1898-1903, the YMCA in 1909, the Central Library in 1934 (painted by Lowry \u2013 see<\/em> Appendix 2) and the Town Hall Extension in 1938.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ST WERBURGH\u2019S ROAD<\/strong> is in Chorlton-cum-Hardy<\/strong> in the south of the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The road and the Metrolink tram stop take their name from the nearby St Werburgh\u2019s<\/em> church.\u00a0 The originally church dated back to the 7th<\/sup> century and was named after a Saxon abbess (AD 650-700) who became the patron saint of Chester.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SALE <\/strong>is a town in the Borough of Trafford<\/strong> on the south bank of the River Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally in Cheshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The town is said to date from the 7th<\/sup> or 8th<\/sup> century but it is not mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 and it is not recorded until about 1200.\u00a0 Its name comes from the Old English salh<\/em>, which means \u2018sallow or willow tree\u2019.\u00a0 Nearby is Sale Ees, derived from the Old English \u0113g<\/em>, meaning \u2018island\u2019, often a piece of firm land in an area liable to flooding by the Mersey.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SALEM <\/strong>is a residential area south-east of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area takes its name from a church founded in 1824 by members of the Moravian church at Fairfield<\/strong> in Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 Salem <\/em>is mentioned in the Bible (Genesis 14: 18) as form of Jerusalem<\/em> and means \u2018peace\u2019 in both Hebrew and Arabic.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SALE WATER PARK<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0is an area of parkland with an artificial lake and water sports centre in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was formed from a 35-metre-deep gravel pit excavated during the construction of the M60 motorway and opened in 1980.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SALFORD <\/strong>is a city and a metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was formerly in Lancashire<\/strong> and was created as a city in 1926.\u00a0 The name appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Salford, <\/em>meaning \u2018ford<\/em> across the River Irwell<\/strong> where sallow<\/em> or willow trees grow\u2019.\u00a0 The original ford was replaced by a bridge in the 14th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SALFORD QUAYS<\/strong> is a regeneration area of the former Manchester Docks in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 In 1984 Salford City Council purchased the docks from the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> Company and renamed it Salford Quays<\/em>, planning its redevelopment as a commercial, retail, media and residential area in the 1990s.\u00a0 The former wharves of the docks were given names that reflected the former trade links with North America \u2013 Huron Basin, Erie Basin, Ontario Basin, St Peter Basin, St Louis Basin, St Francis Basin, Winnipeg Quay, Vancouver Quay and Detroit Bridge.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SALTEYE BROOK <\/strong>is a short stream in Eccles<\/strong> and Barton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally a tributary of the River Irwell <\/strong>but now flows from the north into the Manchester<\/strong> Ship Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1235 as Salteye<\/em> but its origin does not seem to have been documented.\u00a0 It may be that it means \u2018salt island\u2019 from Old English salt<\/em> + \u0113g<\/em> or \u012beg<\/em> (\u2018island, dry land in a marshy area\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The SALUTATION INN <\/strong>is a pub in Hulme<\/strong> dating back at least as far as 1844 in an area described by Mrs Gaskell as \u2018one of numerous similar streets of small monotonous-looking houses, in a suburb of the town.\u2019\u00a0 The word \u2018salutation\u2019 was originally a religious greeting but was used more generally for any kind of greeting by the time of Shakespeare in the 16th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Its claim to fame is that Charlotte Bront\u00eb stayed there in 1846 when she accompanied her father to Manchester<\/strong> for a cataract operation, describing it as \u2018a not-pleasant-at-all small brick house facing a timber yard.\u2019\u00a0 While staying there she started to write Jane Eyre<\/em>.\u00a0 Today it is owned by Manchester Metropolitan University.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SAM BAMFORD MEMORIAL <\/strong>is an obelisk monument in Middleton<\/strong> cemetery in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> that was erected in 1877 to commemorate Samuel Bamford<\/em> (1788-1872), a radical writer born in Middleton who was imprisoned for treason for his part in leading the Peterloo protests.\u00a0 The inscription on the obelisk reads, \u2018Bamford was a reformer when to be so was unsafe, and he suffered for his faith\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SANDBED <\/strong>is a residential area in Mossley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside.<\/strong>\u00a0 It was formerly in the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong> and was recorded as Sandybed-Yate<\/em> in 1726, but with its modern spelling in 1817.\u00a0 The name would seem to refer to the sandy<\/em> soil in the bed<\/em> of the nearby brook (see Brook Bottom<\/strong>), which flows into the River Tame<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SANDHILLS PARK <\/strong>is a 5.6-hectare public recreational area in Collyhurst<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the red sand<\/em>stone hill<\/em> or outcrop east of the River Irk<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area was used as a quarry and it is believed that the sandstone for Castlefield<\/strong>\u2019s Roman fort and Manchester Cathedral came from here. It was set aside as uncultivated green space in the 1970s and now forms part of the Victoria North<\/strong> regeneration.\u00a0 The name is relatively recent as it does not appear on 19th<\/sup>-century maps.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SANDYWARPS<\/strong> is part of a recently-built residential area in Irlam<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The development has several streets commemorating the Mersey & Irwell Navigation<\/strong> \u2013 Calamanco <\/strong>Way,<\/strong> Ferrymasters Way, Sandywarps, Strickens Lock Lane (named after Stickens or Stickings lock), and Powder Mill Close (from Powder Mill lock, which took its name from the nearby Thelwall Gunpowder Mill).\u00a0 Sandywarps lock was built in about 1760 to bypass a meander in the River Mersey below the confluence with the Irwell in the hamlet of Sandywarps.\u00a0 The name is not well documented.\u00a0 The first element is from the Old English sandig<\/em>, referring to the sandy soil which is so common \u2013 sand\/sandy is the most common first element in the street names of Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 Old English wearp<\/em> has several meanings but probably refers to the hairpin bend or \u2018warp\u2019 in the Mersey at this point.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SAXFIELD <\/strong>was a settlement in northern Cheshire<\/strong> that was absorbed into Wythenshawe<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong> in the 1930s and is now retained only as a street name.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1290 as Saxefeld<\/em>, meaning \u2018Saxons\u2019 open land\u2019, an area thought to have been occupied by Saxons<\/em> rather than Angles.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SCHOLES <\/strong>is an area of Wigan<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>. The name is first recorded as Scoles<\/em> in 1332 and comes from the Old Norse sk\u00e1li<\/em> or Old English scale<\/em>, meaning \u2018hut or temporary shelter\u2019, and is one of the few Norse names in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SCHOOL HILL<\/strong> is an area of Bolton <\/strong>that takes its name from the nearby St George\u2019s Church in Little Bolton.\u00a0 The church was consecrated on 19 August 1796 and an associated Church of England primary school<\/em> was built at a later date.\u00a0 The church was closed in 1975 but the bells were removed and transported to Wangaratta in Australia.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SCOTLAND <\/strong>and SCOTLAND BRIDGE\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>Scotland was originally an area on the north bank of the River Irk<\/strong> in central Manchester<\/strong> close to Victoria<\/strong> Station<\/strong>, but today all that remains is a street called Scotland and a bridge over the Irk.\u00a0 Various suggestions have been made as to the origin of the name:\u00a0 that Bonnie Prince Charlie camped his Scottish troops here during the Jacobite rebellion of 1745 or that it was used by 19th<\/sup>-century farmers who had brought their cattle from Scotland and grazed them here before selling them for slaughter.\u00a0 However, the name seems to be older than either of these suggestions as Scotland Bridge appears on a map of 1741.\u00a0 The most likely derivation is Middle English scot,<\/em> meaning \u2018tax, payment\u2019 + land<\/em> (\u2018land, area\u2019), and the explanation is that the banks of the Irk were used for grazing and fabric drying, and so a tax or tithe had to be paid to the landowners, i.e. they could not \u2018get away scot<\/em> free\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SCOT LANE END <\/strong>is a village south-east of Blackrod<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is literal \u2013 it lies at the top end<\/em> of Scot Lane<\/em> where it meets Manchester <\/strong>Road.\u00a0 The name is little-documented before the opening of Scot Lane Colliery in the 1850s but there are several possible explanations for the name:\u00a0 Scot Lane might have been used as part of a road from Scotland, it might have been used as a route from Aspull<\/strong> to Little Scotland<\/strong>, which lies north-west of Blackrod, or it may have been a road that charged a scot<\/em> (i.e. a payment or toll) for its use.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SCOTMAN\u2019S FLASH<\/strong> or SCOTSMAN\u2019S FLASH <\/strong>is one of several man-made lakes (flashes<\/em>) in the Wigan Flashes Local Nature<\/strong> Reserve<\/strong>, most of which were created by mining subsidence at the turn of the 20th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The origin of the name is uncertain.\u00a0 One local account mentions that two Scotsmen <\/em>drowned in the lake at one point.\u00a0 Perhaps more convincing are newspaper reports from 1895 and 1902 suggesting that winter sports were popular in the area and curling was introduced on the frozen lake by Scotsmen<\/em> living in nearby Worsley Mesnes<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SCOUTHEAD<\/strong> is a village on the edge of Saddleworth<\/strong> moor in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1625 and means \u2018the head of a promontory\u2019, from Old Norse sk\u00fati<\/em> (\u2018a projecting or overhanging rock\u2019) + Old English heafod<\/em> or Old Norse hofuth<\/em> (\u2018head, headland\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SEDDON\u2019S FOLD <\/strong>or SEDDON FOLD <\/strong>is an area in Prestolee<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong> in a tongue of land formed where the Irwell<\/strong> and Croal<\/strong> join.\u00a0 The name comes from Seddon<\/em> farm, which dates from the late 15th<\/sup> century, and it is known that it was owned by Ralph Seddon <\/em>in 1553.\u00a0 Seddon Fold Bridge dates from the building of the Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal, which was completed in 1796.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SEDGLEY PARK <\/strong>is a suburban area of Prestwich<\/strong> in Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was formerly part of Lancashire<\/strong> but early occurrences of the name are not well documented.\u00a0 It is said to mean a swampy area surrounded by woodland, from the Old English\u00a0secg<\/em>,\u00a0\u2018sedge, reed, rush\u2019 + l\u0113ah, <\/em>\u2018wood, clearing\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SEEDFIELD <\/strong>is a residential area north of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is found in about 1850, when Seedfield House<\/em> or Seedfields<\/em> was built as a mansion with extensive grounds, although it was probably taken from an earlier farm in the area.\u00a0 The name is probably literal:\u00a0 a field<\/em> where seeds<\/em> were found or grown, perhaps flax or hemp seeds for the local textile industry.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SEEDLEY<\/strong> is a suburb of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1876, when Seedley Park was opened as a public park, followed by Seedley Park station, opened by the London & North Western Railway in May 1882.\u00a0 The origin of the name is uncertain but may be Old English set<\/em>, meaning \u2018home\u2019 or \u2018stable\u2019 + l\u0113ah, <\/em>\u2018wood, clearing\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SEVEN ACRES COUNTRY PARK <\/strong>is a 32-hectare nature reserve about 3.25 kilometres east of Bolton<\/strong> town centre.\u00a0 It was originally an agricultural area, some or all of which was known as Kindor Bank after John Kindor (1728-1801), the local farmer.\u00a0 The area was recorded on a map of 1764.\u00a0 Its area of 32 hectares equates to 79 acres, and the 7 acres in the name of the park is derived from the area of water that was available to feed a mediaeval corn mill and, much later, the bleaching industry.\u00a0 The area was designated as a country park in 2004.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SEYMOUR PARK <\/strong>is a 6-hectare recreational area south of Old Trafford<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is laid out on land given by Sir Thomas Seymour<\/em> Mead in 1906 for recreational use for dogs and children.\u00a0 It is located beside Seymour Grove, a major road through the area that was named by and for Sir Thomas, a local millionaire who owned a chain of grocery stores across the north west of England.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHADOW MOSS<\/strong>\u00a0is an area in south-eastern Wythenshawe<\/strong> in the City of Manchester, <\/strong>formerly in Cheshire.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name is first recorded in the early 13th<\/sup> century as Shadoke<\/em>\u00a0mosse<\/em>, meaning \u2018the oak at the boundary of the bog\u2019, referring perhaps to a tree that marked the boundary between Macclesfield and Bucklow<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is derived from Old English scead<\/em> (\u2018boundary\u2019) + ac<\/em> (\u2018oak tree\u2019) + moss<\/em> (\u2018bog, swamp\u2019).\u00a0 In time the name became rationalised to Shadow Moss, which is recorded from 1613.\u00a0 It seems quite likely that pubs or restaurants called \u2018Shady Oak\u2019 may also celebrate boundary oaks rather than shady spots under tall trees.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHAKERLEY<\/strong> is a north-western suburb of Tyldesley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1210 as Shakerlee<\/em> and means \u2018robber\u2019s clearing\u2019 from the Old English sc\u0113acere<\/em> (\u2018robber\u2019) + l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018clearing, glade\u2019).\u00a0 The second element refers to a clearing in the surrounding oak forest but nothing is known of the robber after whom the place is named.\u00a0 Shakerley lends its name to Shakerley Brook, a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHAMBLES SQUARE<\/strong> is a pedestrianised area beside the cathedral in central Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was laid out in 1999, when the Old Wellington<\/strong> Inn, which dates from 1552 but was renamed in 1845, was moved there after the 1996 IRA bombing.\u00a0 The name celebrates the Old Shambles<\/em> area, which is recorded in 1657 as the \u2018flesh shambles\u2019.\u00a0 It is derived from the Middle English flesshchameles,<\/em> meaning \u2018place where meat is sold\u2019 and provides the name for \u2018Shambles\u2019 in other towns and cities in England, notably York.\u00a0 A schamel<\/em> was a bench for displaying butchers\u2019 meat.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHARON <\/strong>is small residential area on the southern edge of Grasscroft<\/strong> in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The origin of the name is uncertain but it is sometimes said to be Biblical, from the plain of Sharon<\/em> in Israel noted for its cattle grazing (1 Chronicles 27: 29) and flowers (Song of Solomon 2: 1).\u00a0 There are a number of Biblical place names in the north of the county, mostly dating from the spread of non-conformist churches at the beginning of the 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1832 but I can find no record of a non-conformist community in the area at that time, although Sharon formed part of the parish of St Anne, Lydgate<\/strong>, whose Anglican church was built in 1787-88. \u00a0It should also be noted that two of the streets in Sharon are Sharon<\/em> Avenue and Charlotte Lane, and so the original settlement may simply have been named after a family member of a landowner or builder.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHARPLES<\/strong> is a residential area of Bolton<\/strong> on the River Tonge<\/strong>, about 4 kilometres north of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1212 as Charples<\/em> and with its modern spelling in 1259.\u00a0 The area features a steep hill and the name may be derived from this sense of Old English scearp<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018pointed; steep\u2019) + l\u0101s<\/em> (\u2018meadow\u2019) or l\u0113as<\/em> (\u2018woods; meadows\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHARSTON<\/strong>\u00a0is a residential area and industrial estate in Wythenshawe<\/strong> in the south of the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century as Sharston<\/em>, meaning \u2018notched stone\u2019, from Old English scearda<\/em> (\u2018notched\u2019) + st\u0101n <\/em>(\u2018stone\u2019).\u00a0 The name is a reference to a glacial boulder called the Shar Stone<\/em> in nearby Northenden<\/strong>.\u00a0 This was moved to its present location in 1892 but its previous history has not been ascertained.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHAW <\/strong>is part of the district of Shaw and Crompton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, which lies on the River Beal<\/strong> about 14 kilometres north-east of Manchester <\/strong>city centre. Shaw is recorded in 1555 as Shaghe<\/em>, meaning \u2018copse, small wood\u2019, from Old English sceaga<\/em>.\u00a0 \u00a0Slightly to the south-west are Shaw Side and Shaw Edge.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHAWCLOUGH<\/strong> is a residential area of Rochdale<\/strong>, north of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the early 19th<\/sup> century, when Shawclough<\/em> Brook, a tributary of the River Spodden<\/strong>, provided water power for felt and textile mills on its banks.\u00a0 Shawclough Mill itself was established in 1869 but the name of the stream is probably much older.\u00a0 It means \u2018wooded valley\u2019, from Old English sceaga<\/em> (\u2018small wood, copse\u2019) + cl\u014dh<\/em> (\u2018deep valley\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHAWFIELD <\/strong>is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, north-west of Rochdale town centre.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1561 as Shagfeld<\/em>, meaning \u2018copse in or beside open land\u2019 from Old English sceaga<\/em> + feld<\/em>.\u00a0 It originally developed along Shawfield Lane, which was described as a right of way for \u2018horsemen and fotemen, cart and carriage\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHAWHALL, Hyde, <\/strong>is a residential area in Lower Matley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1845 as Shaw Hole<\/em> but with its modern spelling by 1860.\u00a0 The meaning could be \u2018hollow beside a small wood\u2019, from the Old English sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse, small wood\u2019) + hol <\/em>(\u2018hollow\u2019), and it has been suggested that the hollow could have been a stone quarry or coal mine.\u00a0 Another possibility is that is an eponym, taking its name from the Shaw<\/em> family, who built most of the properties in the Newton <\/strong>area in the 19th<\/sup> century, including Shawhall Mill, which is known to have been in operation by 1818.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHAW HALL, Oldham, <\/strong>is, with SHAW HALL BANK<\/strong>, an area of Grasscroft<\/strong> and Greenfield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Shaw Hall<\/em>, a country house built in the early 14th<\/sup> century by the Shaw<\/em> family.\u00a0 It is said it may have been demolished in the 1790s and the Farrars Arms, a pub that is still in use, built on the site.\u00a0 However, the pub claims to date from 1702 and so the dates don\u2019t fit.\u00a0 A \u2018farrar\u2019 is an old term for a farrier, a maker and fitter of horseshoes, as is shown by the horseshoes in the coat of arms on the pub sign.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHAW HEATH<\/strong> is a suburb of Stockport<\/strong>, south of the main town centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1712 and means \u2018copse heath\u2019 from Old English sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse, small wood\u2019) + h\u01e3th<\/em> (\u2018heath, uncultivated land\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHELDERSLOW <\/strong>is a hamlet in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, formerly in the West Riding of<\/strong> Yorkshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It appears in the early 14th<\/sup> century as a family name, Childreslaue<\/em>, and as the place name in 1531 as Skelderslow<\/em>, from the Old Norse skjaldari<\/em> (\u2018shield maker\u2019) + Old English hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em> (\u2018mound, hillock\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHENA SIMON COLLEGE <\/strong>was built in central Manchester<\/strong> in 1897-1901 as the Central Higher Grade School but was renamed Shena Simon College in 1982 after Shena Simon<\/em> (1883-1972), the Labour politician, feminist and mayoress of Manchester who had much to do with the planning of Wythenshawe<\/strong>.\u00a0 The college closed in September 2025 and it is planned to convert it into a hotel.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHEVINGTON<\/strong> is a village on the north bank of the River Douglas <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, about 5 kilometres west of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1225 as Shefinton<\/em>, meaning \u2018the settlement at Chevin\u2019, derived from the Celtic cevn<\/em> or cefn<\/em>, meaning \u2018ridge\u2019 + Old English t\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018enclosure, farmstead, village\u2019).\u00a0 The name refers to a nearby ridge of high ground on the edge of Shevington Moor.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHOLVER<\/strong> is a residential area of Oldham<\/strong>, about 3.5 kilometres north-east of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1202 as Solhher<\/em> and with its modern spelling from 1278.\u00a0 It is said to mean \u2018sloping hill pasture or temporary hut\u2019, from the Old English sceolh<\/em> (\u2018twisted, sloping\u2019) + Old Norse erg<\/em> or \u01e3rgi<\/em> (\u2018temporary hut, hill pasture\u2019).\u00a0 The name refers to the steeply-sloping ground nearby and the Norse practice of building temporary huts or shielings in hill pastures.\u00a0 Alternatively, the name could be an eponym meaning Skjolgr<\/em>\u2019s pasture.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHOOTERS BROOK <\/strong>is a minor tributary of the River Medlock<\/strong> in central Manchester<\/strong> that is now fully culverted beneath Store Street<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises in Newton Heath<\/strong> and flows south-west to join the Medlock in what used to be called Garret<\/strong> (or Garratt) close to Brook Street, which derives its name from Shooters Brook.\u00a0 The name is recorded in AD 967 as Scytres<\/em>, from the Old English scite<\/em>, meaning \u2018dirt, dung\u2019.\u00a0 It was a pleasant meadow waterway whose name had been sanitised to \u2018Shooters Brook\u2019 in the 18th<\/sup> century but had become heavily industrialised and polluted by the end of the century, and became known as \u201cShitters\u2019 Brook\u201d, thus returning to its Old English origin.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHORE<\/strong> is a village north-west of Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded with its modern spelling in 1324 and means \u2018dangerous slope\u2019 from Old English scora<\/em>.\u00a0 The reference is to the steep hillside nearby.\u00a0 Shore gives its name to Shore Lane Brook, which flows west above Whittaker <\/strong>golf course to meet Hollingworth Brook, which then empties into Hollingworth Lake<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHORE EDGE <\/strong>is a hamlet overlooking Shaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> on the edge of Crompton<\/strong> Moor.\u00a0 The land east of Shaw rises to a height of 391 metres and this explains the name Shore Edge, which has little to do with either Shaw or the modern meaning of \u2018shore\u2019.\u00a0 The name means \u2018the edge or escarpment (Old English ecg<\/em>) of a dangerous slope (Old English scora<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHORESWORTH<\/strong> is an ancient part of Pendlebury<\/strong> on the banks of the River Irwell<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>, although the name seems to have fallen out of use in the 20th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It is recorded in about 1085 as Scoreswurthin<\/em>, meaning \u2018settlement on a steep slope\u2019, from the Old English scora<\/em> (\u2018dangerous or steep slope\u2019) + worth<\/em> (\u2018enclosure; settlement\u2019), referring to the bank or shore of the Irwell.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHUDEHILL<\/strong> is an area in central Manchester<\/strong> around Shudehill<\/em> Street that was originally known as Withy Grove (i.e. willow grove).\u00a0 The present name dates from 1554 and seems to be taken from the word shude<\/em> meaning \u2018the husk of oats\u2019, but the reason for this has not been established. \u00a0Richard Arkwright\u2019s Shudehill Mill of 1782 is said to have been the first steam-powered cotton mill in Manchester.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHUTTLEWORTH<\/strong> is a village north-east of Ramsbottom<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1227 as Suttelsworth<\/em>, meaning \u2018barred or gated enclosure\u2019, from the Old English scyttels<\/em> (\u2018a bar; a barred-gate\u2019) + worth<\/em> (\u2018enclosure; settlement\u2019).\u00a0 The village gives its name to Shuttleworth Brook, a tributary of Cross Bank Brook<\/strong>, which is itself a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SIDDAL MOOR <\/strong>is an area south of Heywood <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1548 as Sydall<\/em>, meaning \u2018wide nook moor\u2019, from Old English s<\/em>\u012bd<\/em> (\u2018wide\u2019) + halh<\/em> (\u2018nook, corner of land\u2019) + m<\/em>\u014dr.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SIDDOW COMMON <\/strong>is an industrial area south of Leigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the early 14th<\/sup> century as Sydale<\/strong>, meaning \u2018wide nook\u2019, from Old English s<\/em>\u012bd<\/em> (\u2018wide\u2019) + halh<\/em> (\u2018nook, corner of land\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SIDE OF THE MOOR <\/strong>or SIDE O\u2019 TH\u2019 MOOR <\/strong>is a hamlet north of Harwood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 1841 census and the first Ordnance Survey map of the area of 1848-50 labels Side o\u2019 th\u2019 Moor Colliery (also known as Hardie\u2019s Colliery).\u00a0 The meaning is quite literal \u2013 the settlement on the side<\/em> of Harwood<\/strong> Moor<\/em>, which is part of the West Pennines<\/strong> Moors.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SIMISTER <\/strong>is a suburb of Bury<\/strong>, south-east of the main town centre.\u00a0 The name is an eponym, taking the name of a James Simister<\/em> or Somister (1722?-1780), who had an estate and three farms in the area at the beginning of the 18th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SIMPSON CLOUGH <\/strong>is hamlet north of Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitans Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the deep valley (Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>) through which Naden Brook<\/strong> and Cheesden Brook<\/strong> flow to meet the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears in parish records in 1773 and is eponymous \u2013 \u2018the valley owned or occupied by someone called Simpson<\/em> (the son of Simon)\u2019, but nothing more is known of the Simpson family.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SIMON\u2019S BRIDGE<\/strong> is a footbridge across the River Mersey<\/strong> in Didsbury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 1901 as a gift to the people of Didsbury from Henry Simon<\/em> (1835-1899), a German-born engineer who came to Manchester<\/strong> in 1860 and founded a company manufacturing industrial equipment.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SINDERLAND GREEN<\/strong> is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> that was formerly part of Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Sundreland<\/em>, when it was said to be unpopulated.\u00a0 The spelling and origin are shared with Sunderland in Tyne and Wear, but its modern spelling is found from 1639.\u00a0 It is derived from the Old English sundor-land<\/em>, meaning \u2018private land; land set aside for some particular purpose\u2019, although it is unclear what that purpose may have been and it may simply refer to its status as private land.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SINDSLEY<\/strong> is a suburb of north-west Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name seems to be falling into disuse but is retained in Sindsley Brook (<\/strong>a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong>), which forms the boundary between Worsley <\/strong>and Swinton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1758, when it was recorded as Singeley<\/em>.\u00a0 The modern spelling was in use by 1832, when Sindsley Mills were built in Swinton.\u00a0 The origin seems unclear, but it may be derived from Old English scingol<\/em>, meaning \u2018a shingle; roofing tile\u2019, or schingled<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018having a shingled roof\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SINGLETON BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises in Kersal <\/strong>in the City of Salford<\/strong>, then flows south-west, forming the historic boundary between Prestwich <\/strong>and Salford<\/strong>, and meets the Irwell in Agecroft<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but there is known to have been a settlement in or near Prestwich called Singleton in the 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Elsewhere in Lancashire Singleton means \u2018a settlement with shingled roofs\u2019, from Old English scingol<\/em>, meaning \u2018a shingle; roofing tile\u2019, + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018enclosure, village\u2019).\u00a0 It is also possible that this Singleton was named after a local family.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SLACK BROOK <\/strong>is a short tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises in Pendlebury<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>, flows south-east and joins the Irwell a little upstream from the Agecroft<\/strong> Road Bridge near Rainsough<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is probably derived from the Old Norse slakke<\/em> or Middle English slack<\/em>, meaning \u2018a small valley\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SLACKCOTE<\/strong> is a village in the Saddleworth <\/strong>district of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the building of Slackcote wool mill in 1780-1781 but is almost certainly far older.\u00a0 It is derived from the Old Norse slakke<\/em>, meaning \u2018shallow depression\u2019, + dialect cote<\/em> (\u2018shed, temporary shelter for animals or tools\u2019).\u00a0 There are a number of other places across north-west England derived from slakke <\/em>and most are recorded from the 13th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SLADE HALL <\/strong>is a country house in Rusholme<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong> that gives its name to the surrounding area that is sometimes known as Slade.\u00a0 The original house dated from about 1160 but the present one was built by Edward Siddall in 1585, making it probably the oldest house in Manchester.\u00a0 The house is recorded in 1322 as Milkewalslade<\/em>, meaning \u2018the valley with the milky spring or well\u2019, from Old English meoluc<\/em> (\u2018milk\u2019) + w\u00e6lla <\/em>(\u2018well, spring\u2019) + sl\u0153d<\/em> (\u2018valley, glade\u2019).\u00a0 By 1600, the name was reduced simply to Slade.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SLADEN <\/strong>is a hamlet near Summit<\/strong> in Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> on the Rochdale Canal.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1246 as Slaneden<\/em>, although the exact derivation and meaning are uncertain.\u00a0 One possibility is that it means \u2018the pasture in the valley\u2019, from Old English denn<\/em> (\u2018woodland pasture\u2019) + sl\u0153d<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SLATTOCKS <\/strong>is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, south of the main town centre.\u00a0 The name is not well documented and there are differing theories about its origin.\u00a0 One is that the second element is ac<\/em>, meaning \u2018oak tree\u2019, but with no plausible explanation for the first element.\u00a0 Perhaps more convincing is that the name means \u2018small valley\u2019, from the Old English sl\u0153d<\/em> (\u2018valley, glade\u2019) + oc<\/em> (\u2018small\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SLADES <\/strong>is an area in the west of Saddleworth <\/strong>Moor in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> where several places with the name are found \u2013 Slades Rocks, Slades Pits and Slades Barn, all accessed from Slades Lane.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1817 and means \u2018valleys\u2019, from Old English sl<\/em>\u00e6d<\/em>, referring to the valleys of the streams in the area, such as Broadstone Brook<\/strong> and Royle Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SMALLBRIDGE<\/strong> is a residential area on the River Roch<\/strong> outside Rochdale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1843 and is explained by its growth around a small bridge<\/em> over the River Roch.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SMALLSHAW <\/strong>is a residential area of Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, north-east of the town centre.\u00a0 There are several places in England called \u2018Smallshaw\u2019, all meaning \u2018small copse\u2019, from the Old English smael<\/em> (\u2018small, narrow\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse, wood\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SMALLSHAW BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Spodden <\/strong>that rises north-east of Catley Lane Head<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and flows south-east through Smallshaw Wood to join the Spodden.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the 20th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It is derived from Old English smael<\/em> (\u2018small, narrow\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse, wood\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SMEDLEY <\/strong>is a suburb of Manchester<\/strong>, north-east of the city centre, where, according to Isabella Banks in her novel The Manchester Man<\/em> of 1876, \u201cthe Irk <\/strong>was clear and bright\u201d.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Smedelegh<\/em> in 1226 and with its modern spelling in 1282.\u00a0 It probably derives from Old English smith<\/em> (\u2018blacksmith\u2019) + l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018clearing, glade\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SMITHFIELD MARKET<\/strong> was a large market in Shudehill<\/strong> in central Manchester<\/strong>, east of the city centre in what is now the Northern Quarter<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was started in about 1820 and given its name in 1822.\u00a0 It may have been named directly after Smithfield<\/em> Market in London, which dates from 1174, but by the mid-17th<\/sup> century the word was more widely used for any cattle market.\u00a0 The original Manchester market was covered in 1853 and was nearly 2 hectares in area by the end of the 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It was closed in 1972 and New Smithfield Market was built in Openshaw<\/strong>, but one building was preserved and is now Mackie\u2019s Mayor<\/strong> food hall and retail outlet.\u00a0 Smithfield is derived from the Old English smeeth <\/em>(\u2018smooth\u2019) + feld<\/em> (\u2018field\u2019), i.e. a flat field where animals can be kept and fattened before being sold or slaughtered.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SMITHILLS <\/strong>is a residential area of Bolton<\/strong>, 5 kilometres north-west of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1322 as Smythell<\/em>, meaning \u2018smooth hills\u2019, from Old English sm\u0113the<\/em> + hyll<\/em>, referring to the moorland landscape.\u00a0 Smithills Hall dates from the 14th<\/sup> century and was purchased by Bolton Corporation in 1938 and opened to the public as a museum.\u00a0 The estate is now an 809-hectare country park, which was opened to the public in 2016.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SMITHY BRIDGE<\/strong> is a suburb of Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1841 and its location on the Rochdale Canal explains its name \u2013 a bridge<\/em> over the canal with a smithy<\/em> nearby for canal boats and the horses that towed them.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SMITHY BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Douglas<\/strong> that rises in Poolstock<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan <\/strong>and flows north-east to meet Poolstock Brook, which then flows north-west to meet the Douglas south of Wigan.\u00a0 Presumably it is named after a local smithy<\/em> or blacksmith working beside the brook<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SMITHY GREEN <\/strong>is a place name found in many places across England meaning \u2018the green where the smithy is found\u2019, from the Middle English smithie<\/em> (\u2018smithy, smith\u2019s workshop\u2019) + gr\u0113n <\/em>(\u2018field, village green\u2019).\u00a0 Smithy Green in Cheadle Hulme<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> is recorded from 1844.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SNAPE HILL <\/strong>is a wooded hill on the edge of the west Pennine<\/strong> moors in Whitefield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> that gives its name to the 41-hectare Snape Hill Wood.\u00a0 Snape Hill<\/em> Farm is recorded before 1730 and probably means \u2018the hill with poor pasture\u2019, from Old Norse snap<\/em> or Old English sn<\/em>\u00e6p<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SNYDALE<\/strong> is a residential area of Westhoughton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1212 as Slinehal<\/em> but it is spelled Snythehill<\/em> with an N by 1278.\u00a0 This difference of spelling makes any derivation difficult \u2013 the second element is Old English hyll<\/em>, referring to the nearby Snydale Hill and the first element may be snite<\/em> or snyde<\/em>, meaning \u2018snipe\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SOURACRE<\/strong> is a village north of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name is recorded in the early 13th<\/sup> century and means \u2018muddy field or field covered with excrement\u2019 from Old Norse saurr<\/em> or Middle English sour<\/em> + Old English aecer<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SOUTH BROOK, SOUTH CLOUGH <\/strong>and SOUTH CLOUGH MOSS \u00a0\u00a0South Brook <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> which rises on Broadhead Moss<\/strong> in the Peak District <\/strong>National Park in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows north-west below South Clough Moss through South Clough to meet North Brook<\/strong> and then join Diggle<\/strong> Brook, which then joins the Tame near Diggle.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1468 as Southclogh-hede<\/em>, meaning \u2018the top or head<\/em> (Old English heafod<\/em>) of the south (s<\/em>\u016bth<\/em>) ravine (cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SOUTH REDDISH \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> REDDDISH<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SPA BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises on Castleshaw<\/strong> Moor in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>and flows south through Spa Clough into Castleshaw Upper Reservoir.\u00a0 The origin and date seem to be undocumented but places named \u2018spa\u2019 are fairly common in what was the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong>, mostly dating from the mid-19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 They are often located near places called \u2018spring\u2019 and \u2018spout\u2019, making a transfer from the Belgian town of Spa<\/em> quite possible.\u00a0 According to the Oxford English Dictionary<\/em>, the first use of spa<\/em> in English was in 1565.\u00a0 The etymology of the Belgian watering-place is uncertain but is generally thought to come from the Latin spargere<\/em>, meaning \u2018sprinkle, moisten\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SPINNINGFIELDS<\/strong> is an area of central Manchester <\/strong>west of Deansgate<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 The name appears on a 1772 map of Manchester.\u00a0 Many of the streets were originally named \u2018fields\u2019 and Spinningfields was named for the dominant occupation of the textile works who lived there.\u00a0 In the 19th<\/sup> century, Spinningfields was renowned as a place of grime and crime, but, after the IRA bombing of 1996, it was designated for regeneration.\u00a0 In 2013, much of the area was bought up and developed into a residential, retail and financial district.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River SPODDEN<\/strong> or SPODDEN BROOK<\/strong> is a river that rises on Shawforth Moor in Lancashire<\/strong> and flows 12 kilometres to join the River Roch<\/strong> in Spotland<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century as Spotbrok<\/em> but its modern spelling is found from 1577.\u00a0 The derivation is uncertain but may be Middle English spoute<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a spout, a gutter, the mouth of a water-pipe\u2019), so that the meaning might be \u2018spouting brook\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SPOTLAND<\/strong> is an area of Rochdale<\/strong> on the River Spodden<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 Spotland <\/em>is first recorded in about 1180 and may just mean \u2018a spot or small piece of land\u2019, but, perhaps more likely, it may take its name from the River Spodden<\/em>, which flows through Spotland, where it joins the River Roch.<\/strong>\u00a0 The Spodden<\/strong> is said to take its name from the Middle English spoute<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a spout, a gutter, the mouth of a water-pipe\u2019), so that Spotland would mean \u2018the land beside the spouting brook\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SPRINGFIELD PARK<\/strong>\u00a0is a 17-hectare public park in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was donated to the borough of Rochdale by Frederick Lye (1860-1948) in order to provide a municipal golf course, which was duly opened on 2 April 1927.\u00a0 The name Springfield came from Springfield House<\/em> and the Springfield Estate<\/em> on which the park and golf course were laid out.\u00a0 The exact derivation of the name in this location has not been ascertained, but Springfield<\/em> is a common place name found in many parts of Britain and usually literally means \u2018a field with a spring\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SPRINGHEAD <\/strong>is now a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, east of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1894, when an urban district was created with the name \u2018Springhead\u2019 rather than \u2018Quickmere<\/strong>\u2019, which had previously been used.\u00a0 It is said that the name came from a house in the village named Springhead House because it had a spring in the garden, and the name came to be applied to the whole village.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SPRING MILL RESERVOIR <\/strong>was built in the late 1880s to supply water to Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is fed from the north by Prickshaw Brook<\/strong> in Rossendale in Lancashire<\/strong>, and Prickshaw Brook then flows out from the south to join the River Spodden, <\/strong>which forms the boundary between Lancashire and Greater Manchester<\/strong> at this point.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 It takes its name from Spring Mill<\/em>, a fulling mill probably built in the late 18th<\/sup> or early 19th<\/sup> century, which was presumably flooded when the reservoir was built.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SPRING VIEW <\/strong>is a residential area south of Ince-in-Makerfield <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is quite literal as it overlooks the area south-east of Wigan known as \u2018Springs<\/em>\u2019, which has many wells and springs, some of which supplied drinking water in the 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It is not known when the name came into use, but the Wigan Branch Railway Act of 1830 authorised the Northern Union Railway\u2019s Springs<\/em> branchline, which connected to the collieries of the area, including Springs Colliery, when it opened in the early 1840s.\u00a0 See also<\/em> NEW SPRINGS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STABLE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises on Rocher<\/strong> Moss on the edge of the Peak District<\/strong> National Park.\u00a0 It flows south-west through Stable Clough<\/em> to meet Diggle<\/strong> Brook, which then flows west to meet the Tame near Diggle in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Stable Clough<\/em> is recorded in about 1272 as Stabliclough<\/em>, meaning \u2018the deep valley (Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>) where there are stables<\/em> (Middle English stable<\/em>) or shelter for domestic or farm animals (not necessarily horses)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STAKEHILL<\/strong> or STAKE HILL <\/strong>and HIGHER STAKE HILL <\/strong>are commercial and industrial areas of the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, north-west of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1246 as Stakehull <\/em>and with its modern spelling in 1322.\u00a0 It literally means \u2018a hill where a stake is found\u2019, from Old English staca<\/em> + hyll<\/em>.\u00a0 The name is also common in West Yorkshire<\/strong> and it has been suggested that the stake refers to a boundary marker.\u00a0 Stakehill is one of the sites of Atom Valley<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STALYBRIDGE<\/strong> is a town on the River Tame <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, about 13 kilometres east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 It is recorded with its modern spelling in 1687 and simply means \u2018the bridge over the River Tame at Stayley<\/strong>\u2019.\u00a0 The hamlet of Stayley<\/em> is much older, recorded in the early 13th<\/sup> century as Stavelegh<\/em>, meaning \u2018clearing where staves are found or made\u2019, from Old English st\u00e6f<\/em> (\u2018staff, stave\u2019) + l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STAMFORD PARK<\/strong> is a 26-hectare public park on the borders of Stalybridge<\/strong> and Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The land on which it stands was acquired in 1688 by the Earl of Stamford<\/em>.\u00a0 In 1872 local mill workers purchased some of the estate and the Earl of Stamford also donated some land.\u00a0 The park was opened to the public on 12 July 1873, retaining the earl\u2019s title of Stamford<\/em>, which originally came from the town in Leicestershire meaning \u2019stone (Old English st\u0101n<\/em>) ford\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STAND <\/strong>is a residential area of Whitefield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but comes from the old English stand<\/em>, meaning \u2018a stand, a place from which to observe game\u2019.\u00a0 This refers to Stand\u2019s position overlooking Pilkington<\/strong> Deer Park (now Philips Park<\/strong>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STANDEDGE <\/strong>is a gritstone escarpment in the Pennines<\/strong> between West Yorkshire<\/strong> and the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 There has been a moorland crossing at Standedge since Roman times but it presented a major barrier to modern forms of communication.\u00a0 The Huddersfield Narrow Canal opened a tunnel under Standedge in 1811 which is still the highest and longest canal tunnel in Britain.\u00a0 The London & North Western Railway built three tunnels through Standedge in 1848, 1871 and 1894 to connect Manchester with Huddersfield.\u00a0 The name derives from the Old English st<\/em>\u0101n <\/em>+ ecg<\/em>, meaning \u2018stony edge\u2019, accurately describing Standedge as a \u2018stony escarpment\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STANDISH <\/strong>is a village on the River Douglas<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, north-west of the town centre, that was part of Lancashire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1178 as Stanesdis<\/em>, from the Old English st\u0101n<\/em> (\u2018stone\u2019) + edisc<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019), so the meaning would be \u2018stony enclosure\u2019, probably for keeping cattle or, more likely, deer.\u00a0 See also<\/em> LANGTREE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STANLEY GREEN <\/strong>is a trading estate in Cheadle <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as early as 1831 and is taken from the Stanley<\/em> family of nearby Handforth in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 <\/strong>Stanley<\/em> as a forename or family name is ultimately derived from the Old English place name St\u0101n-l\u0113ah<\/em>, meaning \u2018stony wood or clearing where stone is found\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STANNEY BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong> which rises in Burnedge<\/strong> and flows north through Milnrow <\/strong>and Rochdale<\/strong> to join the Roch at Newbold<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1294 as Stonneybeck<\/em>, meaning \u2018stony stream\u2019, from Old English stanig<\/em> + Old Norse bekkr<\/em>.\u00a0 This use of beck<\/em> is almost unique in Greater Manchester<\/strong> and the more common Old English br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em> replaced it during mediaeval times.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STANYCLIFFE <\/strong>is a suburb of Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, north of the town centre on Whit Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century as Stanicliffe<\/em>, meaning \u2018stony river bank\u2019, from Old English st<\/em>\u0101n<\/em> + clif<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STARLING <\/strong>is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>, west of the main town centre.\u00a0 It stands at the junction of an old Roman road from Manchester<\/strong> to the town of Ribchester in Lancashire<\/strong> and the 1836 turnpike from Ainsworth<\/strong> to Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not documented but at the beginning of the 19th<\/sup> century Starling and a row of houses named \u2018Linnet Hall\u2019 stood at the road junction, suggesting that the village was named after the bird \u2013 both starlings<\/em> and linnets are native to this part of north-west England.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STAYLEY <\/strong>is or was the original area from which Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> gets its name.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1272 as Stauley<\/em> and the modern spelling is found in 1560.\u00a0 It means \u2018place where the wood for staves is found\u2019 and it shares its derivation with that of Stalybridge – Old English st\u00e6f<\/em> (\u2018staff, stave\u2019) + l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STEPHENSON\u2019S BRIDGE, Castlefield<\/strong> is the first of several railway bridges in Manchester <\/strong>and Salford<\/strong> built by George Stephenson<\/em> (1781-1848).\u00a0 It was completed in August 1830 to carry the Liverpool & Manchester Railway over the River Irwell <\/strong>into Liverpool Road<\/strong>, the original eastern terminus of the line.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STEPHENSON\u2019S BRIDGE, Victoria Station <\/strong>is one of several railway bridges in Manchester<\/strong> and Salford<\/strong> built by the \u2018Father of Railways\u2019, George Stephenson<\/em> (1781-1848).\u00a0 In 1844 Stephenson engineered the Manchester & Leeds Railway\u2019s route from Victoria Station<\/strong> east to the city of Leeds.\u00a0 The lines into Victoria were carried over Victoria Street on Stephenson\u2019s Bridge, which in 1884 was incorporated into the longest railway platform in Europe, which connected Victoria with the new Exchange Station<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STEPPING HILL<\/strong> was a district south-east of Stockport<\/strong> in the 19th<\/sup> century but in 1901-1905 Stepping Hill hospital was built on the site.\u00a0 It appears as a farm on early maps, extending north-east of its present location.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but seems to mean a hill <\/em>with a set of stepping<\/em> stones or a set of steps.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STEVENSON SQUARE <\/strong>is a pedestrianised public space in central Manchester<\/strong> in what is now the Northern Quarter<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from William Stevenson<\/em>, a property speculator who purchased 10 hectares of land in 1780.\u00a0 His aim was to create an elegant suburb by selling plots to other wealthy developers, who often named streets after themselves.\u00a0 Stevenson Square became a focus for radical politics in the 19th<\/sup> and early 20th<\/sup> centuries, with the Chartists and Suffragettes using it as a meeting place.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STIRRUP BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of Glaze Brook <\/strong>which rises as Ellen Brook <\/strong>near Hollinwood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>and becomes Stirrup Brook in Boothstown<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is little documented and no suggestions for its origin can be found.\u00a0 It may be that it is derived from the Old English for stirrup<\/em> (sti\u0121r\u0101p<\/em>, meaning \u2018climbing rope\u2019) as, for example, is Styrrup in Nottinghamshire, but why this description was thought relevant is not apparent.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STOCK BROOK <\/strong>is a residential area of south-west Chadderton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1776 but the name comes from Stock Brook<\/em>, a tributary of the River Irk<\/strong>, which is almost certainly older.\u00a0 The origin is probably Old English stocc<\/em>, meaning \u2018a tree trunk or stump, a log of wood\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STOCKPORT <\/strong>is a town 13 kilometres south-east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 Until 1974, Stockport was divided between Cheshire<\/strong> and Lancashire<\/strong>, with the River Mersey<\/strong>, which is formed in Stockport, as the dividing line.\u00a0 Since 1974 it has given its name to the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, one of the ten boroughs of Greater Manchester.\u00a0 <\/strong>The name is recorded in 1188 as Stokeport<\/em> and with its modern spelling from about 1274.\u00a0 The meaning is generally said to be \u2018a market place (Old English port<\/em>) at a secondary, dependent or outlying settlement\u2019 (Old English stoc<\/em>).\u00a0 There have, however, been alternative suggestions for both elements:\u00a0 Stock<\/em> may refer to a stockade, from Old English stoccen<\/em>, and the fact that the name was recorded as Stockford<\/em> in 1283 would be consistent with there being a ford<\/em> across the river before the Goyt<\/strong> and Tame<\/strong> combine to form the Mersey, and Stopford<\/em> was in use as the spelling as late as 1610.\u00a0 \u00a0Stockport gives its name to Stockport, New Jersey and Stockport, South Australia.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STOCKPORT BROOK <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> HEMPSHAW BROOK<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STOCKPORT 8 <\/strong>is a commercial and residential regeneration project in west Stockport<\/strong> close to the railway viaduct<\/strong>, the new bus terminal and Weir Mill<\/strong> announced in 2025.\u00a0 It takes its name from its area, which covers eight<\/em> acres.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STOCKPORT ETCHELLS <\/strong>See<\/em> ETCHELLS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STOCKPORT GARRICK THEATRE<\/strong> was established by an amateur dramatic club on 24 October 1901.\u00a0 The club named itself after the great actor, David Garrick<\/em>, who was born in 1719 and died at the Adelphi<\/strong> Theatre in 1779. The club acquired it first playhouse in 1905 and moved to its present theatre in the centre of Stockport <\/strong>in 1920.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STOCKPORT VIADUCT\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>VIADUCT<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STOLLER HALL <\/strong>is a 482-seat concert hall at Chetham\u2019s School of Music (see<\/em> Chetham\u2019s Library<\/strong>) completed in 2017.\u00a0 It is named after its principal benefactor, Sir Norman Stoller<\/em>, who was High Sheriff of Greater Manchester in 1999-2000.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STONE BREAKS <\/strong>is a hamlet north of Grotton <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1625 and therefore pre-dates Stone Breaks quarry, which dates from the 17th<\/sup> or 18th<\/sup> centuries.\u00a0 The hamlet lies in the Medlock<\/strong> Valley east of the 260-metre Stone Breaks Hill and probably derives from Old English st<\/em>\u0101n<\/em> (\u2018stone\u2019) + Old Norse brekka<\/em> (\u2018slope\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STONECLOUGH <\/strong>is a suburban district of Kearsley<\/strong> on the banks of the River Irwell<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is derived from Old English st\u0101n<\/em>, meaning \u2018stony\u2019, and cl\u014dh<\/em>, meaning \u2018deep valley\u2019, referring to the red sandstone found along the Irwell at this point.\u00a0 <\/strong>The Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway built a station at Stoneclough Bridge and the choice of this name standardised the name Stoneclough<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STONEYFIELD <\/strong>is a residential area south of Rochdale<\/strong> town centre north of Sudden<\/strong> Brook.\u00a0 The name appears on tithe and Ordnance Survey maps of the 1840s but suggests a much older Anglo-Saxon field or farm derived from the Old English st<\/em>\u0101n<\/em> + feld<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STORE STREET STATION <\/strong>was the name of Manchester<\/strong>\u2019s principal railway terminus that is now Piccadilly<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built by the Manchester & Birmingham and Sheffield Ashton-under-Lyne & Manchester railways and opened on 8 May 1842.\u00a0 It took its name from its main entrance on Store Street<\/em>, a thoroughfare that had been laid out in about 1805, when Shooters Brook<\/strong> was culverted beneath it.\u00a0 It was named Store Street because Manchester\u2019s main grain store<\/em> was located here, close to the Ashton<\/strong> Canal, which had been completed in 1797, and to the corn mills situated to the east on Mill Street.\u00a0 The station was rebuilt and renamed London Road<\/strong> in 1847 and, following electrification and modernisation, it was renamed Piccadilly in 1960.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STRANGEWAYS<\/strong>\u00a0is an inner-city district of Manchester <\/strong>with a well-known prison, which was built in 1868 to replace the New Bailey<\/strong> jail.\u00a0 It lies on a strip of land between the rivers Irwell<\/strong> and Irk<\/strong>, and as such means \u2018place subject to strong flooding\u2019.\u00a0\u00a0 The name is recorded in in 1322 as Strangwas<\/em> and is derived from the Old English strang<\/em>, \u2018strong\u2019, and waesce<\/em>, meaning ‘flooding’, but the spelling was changed as early as 1326 by those trying to find meaning in its name. \u00a0\u00a0However, the name is recorded as the family name of John de Strangeways as early as 1304.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STRAWBERRY ISLAND \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0See<\/em> POMONA ISLAND<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STREET BRIDGE<\/strong> is a location north of Chadderton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears on the Ordnance Survey map of 1851 but both elements of the name refer to earlier infrastructure.\u00a0 The Street<\/em> is the Roman road from Manchester<\/strong> to Castleshaw<\/strong> via Hollinwood<\/strong> and Oldham<\/strong> which is still referred to locally as \u2018the Roman Road\u2019.\u00a0 The Bridge<\/em> is the one carrying the road over the Hollinwood<\/strong> branch of the Ashton<\/strong> Canal, which was built in 1792-97.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STREET END <\/strong>is a residential area of Failsworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1620 and refers to the end<\/em> or junction of a road with a stree<\/em>t, i.e. a Roman Road (which is still labelled on modern maps), specifically the Roman road from Manchester<\/strong> to Castleshaw<\/strong> via Hollinwood<\/strong> and Oldham.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STRETFORD <\/strong>is a township in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 The town lies on the Roman road from Chester to Manchester<\/strong> where it crosses the River Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1212 as Streetford<\/em> and means the same as Stratford<\/em> \u2013 \u2018a ford<\/em> on a strat<\/em> or str<\/em>\u01e3t\u2019<\/em>, with str<\/em>\u01e3t<\/em> referring in particular to a Roman road.\u00a0 Nearby is Stretford Ees, derived from the Old English \u0113g<\/em>, meaning \u2018island\u2019, often a piece of firm land in an area liable to flooding by the Mersey.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STRINE DALE <\/strong>and STRINESDALE RESERVOIR<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0Strine Dale is a village and location north-east of Oldham <\/strong>and Strinesdale was the name given to two reservoirs built in the 19th<\/sup> century \u2013 the first in 1828 and the second in 1838.\u00a0 Dale <\/em>refers to the valley of the River Medlock<\/strong> and Roebuck Brook<\/strong>, which feed the reservoirs.\u00a0 Strine<\/em> is often said to come from an Old English word meaning \u2018boundary\u2019 as the former boundary between Lancashire<\/strong> and Yorkshire ran along the valley, but this meaning cannot be confirmed from other sources and the usual meaning of strine<\/em> or strind<\/em> – \u2018stream, waterway\u2019- would seem to be applicable.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STRINES<\/strong>\u00a0is a village in the Goyt <\/strong>valley in Marple<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, formerly in Derbyshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 A station was opened in 1866 by the Marple, New Mills & Hayfield Junction Railway and the village and its railway are believed to have inspired Edith Nesbit\u2019s 1906 novel, The Railway Children<\/em>.\u00a0 The village name is recorded as Stryndes<\/em>,\u00a0Strindes<\/em>\u00a0and\u00a0Strendes<\/em>\u00a0in the late 13th<\/sup> century and is said to be derived from the Middle English\u00a0strinds <\/em>meaning ‘streams\u2019, from the tributaries of the Goyt above the village.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STROMFORD BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong> that rises north of Ashton upon Mersey<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> and flows south-west to join the Mersey south-west of Urmston<\/strong>.\u00a0 The origin is uncertain but Stromford is thought to mean \u2018ford across a stream\u2019, from Old Norse straumr<\/em>.\u00a0 If correct this derivation would be the only example of the Old Norse for a \u2018stream\u2019 in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The addition of brook<\/em> is reduplication as the meaning would be \u2018the stream of a ford across a stream\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STUBLEY<\/strong> is a residential area west of Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1330, when Nicholas John de Stubley<\/em> sold Stubley<\/em> Hall to John de Holt, and it is said that the hall was originally built in 1277.\u00a0 The hall was sold to Rochdale Council in 1930 and it seems that much was demolished in 1967, although parts survive, along with Stubley New Hall, which was built in about 1830.\u00a0 The name comes from Old English stubb<\/em>, meaning \u2018tree stump\u2019, + l\u0113ah<\/em> (woodland clearing).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STUBSHAW CROSS <\/strong>is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> north-east of Ashton-in-Makerfield<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name \u2018Stubshaw\u2019 means \u2018the copse with or beside tree stumps\u2019, and is a hybrid from the Old Norse stubbi<\/em> (\u2018tree-stump\u2019) + Old English sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse\u2019).\u00a0 A cross was erected there in 1630, giving rise to the modern name, but the \u2018Stubshaw\u2019 settlement and name pre-dated the cross.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SUDDEN<\/strong> is a hamlet south-west of Rochdale<\/strong> on the south bank of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century as both Sothden<\/em> and Sudden<\/em>, meaning \u2018southern valley\u2019, from the Old English s\u016bth <\/em>(\u2018south\u2019) + denu<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019).\u00a0 The valley is that of Sudden Brook, which joins the Roch at Sudden.\u00a0 Sudden lies opposite Norden<\/strong>, which lies on the north bank of the Roch.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SUMMER HILL BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises east of Old Tame<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows south-west to join the Tame north of Slackcote<\/strong>.\u00a0 The origin and date of the name are uncertain:\u00a0 \u00a0it may simply to be an agreeable name but, more likely, it means \u2018a hill used for grazing livestock in summer\u2019, from Old English somer<\/em> (‘summer’) + hyll<\/em> (‘hill’).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SUMMERSEAT<\/strong> is a village in the Borough of Bury<\/strong> on the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was part of Lancashire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1556 as Sumersett<\/em> and is derived from the Old English sumor<\/em> or Old Norse sumarr<\/em>, meaning \u2018summer\u2019, + set <\/em>or s\u00e6t<\/em>, \u2018a hut used while looking after animals\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SUMMIT, Heywood, <\/strong>is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the Summit Inn<\/em>, which was originally on the Rochdale to Edenfield toll road that was built in 1795.\u00a0 When the Bury<\/strong> New Road was opened in the mid-19th<\/sup> century, it was moved brick by brick to its current location on the north-western edge of Heywood.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SUMMIT, Littleborough<\/strong>, is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>. It is on the border with West Yorkshire<\/strong> and was in the county of Lancashire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 Its name refers to its position as the highest point between Littleborough<\/strong> and Todmorden in Yorkshire, and the crossing point for both the Rochdale Canal (opened in 1804) and the Manchester & Leeds Railway, whose Summit Tunnel was completed in 1841.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1804 and the area was known as \u2018Charlestown\u2019 until late into the 19th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SUMMIT, Thornham, <\/strong>is a residential area north of Royton <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from its position at or near the summit<\/em> of the main road between Oldham and Rochdale<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SUN HILL <\/strong>is a residential area north of Lees<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1742 and may have originally been a hill where cattle or sheep were grazed in the summer.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SWINESHAW<\/strong> is an area north of Glossop in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> in what was Derbyshire<\/strong> before 1974.\u00a0\u00a0 The name is taken from Swineshaw<\/em> Brook, a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong>, and was recorded in 1831.\u00a0 Swineshaw gives its name to the Lower and Higher Swineshaw Reservoirs, which were built to supply drinking water to Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> and Stalybridge<\/strong> in 1864-70, employing mill workers put out of work by the \u2018cotton famine<\/strong>\u2019 caused by the American Civil War.\u00a0 Swineshaw probably means \u2018swine wood\u2019 and is derived from two Old English elements: \u00a0sw\u012bn<\/em> + sceaga<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SWINLEY <\/strong>is a residential area of Wigan<\/strong>, north of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1283 as Swyneley<\/em>, meaning \u2018clearing where pigs are found or kept\u2019, from the Old English swin<\/em> (\u2018swine, pig\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018woodland clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SWINTON <\/strong>is a town in Salford<\/strong> that was in Lancashire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 It was first documented as Suinton<\/em> in 1258.\u00a0 The name consists of two Old English elements:\u00a0 sw\u012bn<\/em> + t\u016bn<\/em>, meaning \u2018pig farm\u2019 or \u2018place where pigs are fed\u2019.\u00a0 This is one of the many references to animals in the place names of Greater Manchester<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SYKE<\/strong> is a village on the northern outskirts of Rochdale<\/strong>, also known as Nook Farm<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1843 as Syke<\/em>, from the Old English and regional English s\u012bc<\/em>, meaning \u2018small stream\u2019.\u00a0 There are several streams running off the moors above Syke, including Syke Brook, Fanny Brook, Buckley<\/strong> Brook and Hey Brook<\/strong>, all tributaries of the River Roch<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SYKES PILLAR <\/strong>was originally erected in 1948 as an Ordnance Survey mapping trig point on Broadstone<\/strong> Hill in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It has been named to commemorate Frank Sykes <\/em>(1943-99), a local walker and fell-runner.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

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T<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TACK LEE BROOK <\/strong>is a short tributary of the River Roch<\/strong> which rises south of Birtle<\/strong> and flows south-east to join the Roch north of Bottom o\u2019 th\u2019 Brow<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name, its origin and meaning are little documented but it is suggested that it might mean \u2018clearing where lambs are kept\u2019 from Old English tacca <\/em>(\u2018young sheep\u2019) + l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018woodland clearing\u2019).\u00a0 Coincidentally, there is a Tack Lee Bridge in Yapton, near the Sussex Downs, formerly an area well-known for raising sheep.\u00a0 The Sussex Bridge was built in 1823 across the Portsmouth to Arundel Canal.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TALLEYRAND <\/strong>was an area in east Levenshulme<\/strong> south-east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre which was named after the infamous French diplomat, Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand<\/em>-P\u00e9rigord (1754-1838), who is reported to have stayed in the area during a period of exile in Britain, either in 1792-1794 or 1834-1838 (sources differ).\u00a0 The name does not appear on modern maps but is recalled in the Talleyrand pub on the Stockport <\/strong>Road.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River TAME<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong> that rises on Denshaw<\/strong> Moor on Saddleworth <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> where the waters flowing out of Dowry <\/strong>and New Year\u2019s Bridge <\/strong>reservoirs form the Tame.\u00a0 It then flows south-west to join the River Goyt<\/strong> to form the Mersey in Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears as Tome<\/em> in 1292 and Tame<\/em> in 1322, but its origin is unclear.\u00a0 It seems likely that it is Celtic in origin \u2013 there are rivers with similar names across Britain, including the Thames, Taff, Tamar and Thame.\u00a0 The name may simply mean \u2018river\u2019, but it has also been suggested that it could mean \u2018dark river\u2019 or \u2018dark one\u2019.\u00a0 The river gives its name to the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TAMER LANE END <\/strong>is a small residential area west of Westleigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears on the Ordnance Survey map of 1892 but is probably much older.\u00a0 Like many of the \u2018lane end\u2019 places in Greater Manchester<\/strong>, it lies at road junction at the end<\/em> of a lane<\/em> \u2013 in this case Smith\u2019s Lane.\u00a0 The origin seems to be undocumented and there have been several suggestions, including the central-Asian war lord Tamerlane<\/em> (Christopher Marlowe\u2019s \u2018Tamburlaine the Great\u2019) and the Biblical Tamar<\/em>, the daughter of King David (2 Samuel 13).\u00a0 The most convincing is that there was a smithy at the end of Smith\u2019s Lane and, as the name is pronounced \u2018t\u2019ammer\u2019 or \u2018Tammer\u2019, it is likely that it is a reduced form of \u2018the hammer\u2019<\/em>, the tool of a smithy.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TAMESIDE <\/strong>is one of the ten metropolitan boroughs of Greater Manchester<\/strong>, which was formed in 1974 from Dukinfield<\/strong>, Hyde<\/strong> and Longdendale<\/strong> in Cheshire<\/strong> and Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong>, Mossley<\/strong>, Audenshaw<\/strong>, Denton <\/strong>and Droylsden<\/strong> in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The borough takes its name from the River Tame<\/strong>, which crosses the borough from north to south.\u00a0 The name was chosen in 1974 after a consultation exercise and a vote on 30 possibilities.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TAME WATER <\/strong>is a village south of Dobcross<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1723 and the meaning is quite literal:\u00a0 the settlement beside the waters<\/em> of the River Tame<\/em><\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TAMYON BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises east of Mossley<\/strong> and flows south-west to join Micklehurst<\/strong> Brook, which then meets the Tame north of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The origin of the name is unclear, but it has been suggested that it could have been a rationalisation of Tameden or Tameton from Tame<\/em> (i.e. the River Tame) + Old English denu<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019) or tun<\/em> (\u2018enclosure, farm, village\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TANDLE HILL <\/strong>and TANDLE HILL COUNTRY PARK\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>Tandle Hill is a 222-metre hill near Royton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Its name means \u2018fire hill\u2019 from the northern dialect tandle<\/em>, \u2018a large fire in the open air, a bonfire\u2019.\u00a0 The name dates from 9 September 1513 when the hill was used as a beacon during the Battle of Flodden Field.\u00a0 The surrounding area was donated to the people of Royton in 1919 as a war memorial and it was opened as Tandle Hill Country Park in 1971.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TANG <\/strong>and TANGSHUTT <\/strong>are adjacent areas of Romiley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The names are recorded in 1849 and both refer to the land extending south into a meander of the River Goyt<\/strong> \u2013 Tang comes from the Old English tang<\/em>, meaning \u2018tongue\u2019, and Shutt is from Old English sc<\/em>\u0113at<\/em>, also meaning \u2018projecting piece of land\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TANNERS <\/strong>is a residential area of Ramsbottom<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1702, when the hamlet of Tanners surrounded the tanner\u2019s<\/em> yard on Tanners Street.\u00a0\u00a0 The name is one of a small group of occupational names in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TARDEN <\/strong>is a rural area east of Marple<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, which was part of Derbyshire <\/strong>until 1974. \u00a0\u00a0It is recorded in 1285 as Toardin<\/em> and with its modern spelling in 1545, but the meaning and etymology are unclear.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TAUNTON <\/strong>is a town north of Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1246 as Tongton<\/strong> but the modern spelling is found from 1422.\u00a0 The name is derived from the Old English tang<\/em> (\u2018fork of a river\u2019) + t\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018enclosure, village\u2019), describing Taunton\u2019s position on a long tongue of land where Taunton Brook meets the River Medlock<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TENTERSFIELD <\/strong>is an urban area in western Bury<\/strong> to the east of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1813 when the New Tentersfield Methodist Church was built, but the settlement, and perhaps the name, date to mediaeval times.\u00a0 The name means \u2018a field<\/em> where tenter<\/em> frames were set out to stretch and bleach newly-milled fabric\u2019, from the Middle English tentour <\/em>+ feld.\u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
THATCH LEACH <\/strong>is a village on the western edge of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded from the 13th<\/sup> century and the meaning may be quite literal:\u00a0 a place where straw for thatch<\/em> is soaked or leached<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
THICKETFORD BROW <\/strong>is a suburb of Bolton<\/strong>, north-east of the town centre on Bradshaw<\/strong> Brook.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 18th<\/sup> century as Th\u2019 igh gate ford <\/em>meaning \u2018ford over the high road\u2019 (to Ramsbottom, presumably), from Old English h<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018high, chief\u2019) + Old Norse gata<\/em> (\u2018road\u2019).\u00a0 The name was rationalised to \u2018Thicketford\u2019 by the end of the 19th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
THOMASSON PARK <\/strong>is a 2-hectare public park in Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened on 23 October 1890 and named after John Pennington Thomasson <\/em>(1841-1904), a cotton industrialist, who purchased Mere Hall and its estate in 1889 and donated it to the people of Bolton \u2018as a playground and garden\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
THORNHAM<\/strong> is a residential area divided between the Metropolitan Boroughs of Oldham<\/strong> and Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1246 as Thornham<\/em>, meaning \u2018homestead or village where hawthorns grow\u2019 from Old English thorn<\/em> + h\u0101m<\/em> (\u2018village, homestead\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
THORN HILL <\/strong>is a residential area south-east of Standish<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> above the west bank of the River Douglas<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears on 19th<\/sup>-century Ordnance Survey maps and literally means \u2018hill with thorn bushes\u2019, from the Old English thorn<\/em> + hyll<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
THORNLEY BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Medlock<\/strong> which rises west of Grotton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham.<\/strong>\u00a0 It then flows south-west through Springhead<\/strong> and Lees<\/strong>, before joining the Medlock in Pitses<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1662 as Thorneley<\/em>, meaning \u2018thorny place\u2019, from Old English thorn<\/em> + l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
THORNS BROOK <\/strong>and THORNS BECK <\/strong>together form a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises as Thorns Beck east of Bleak Hey Brook<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows south-west through Thorns Clough to Join Diggle Brook in Diggle<\/strong>.\u00a0 Diggle Brook then continues south to meet the Tame south-east of Dobcross<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but may come from the Thorns<\/em>, probably a farm, which is recorded in 1726.\u00a0 The thorn<\/em> element is probably literal and suggests a stream flowing through an area with thorn bushes.\u00a0 The use of beck<\/em> (Old English bece<\/em>) is an almost unique survivor in Greater Manchester as the more common br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em> mostly replaced it during mediaeval times.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
THORP <\/strong>is a suburb of Oldham<\/strong>, north of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1260 with its modern spelling and means \u2018village\u2019, from the Old Norse thorp.<\/em>\u00a0 Thorp Mill, built in 1764, was the first water-powered cotton mill in Lancashire<\/strong>, using water from Thorp Clough, a tributary of the River Irk<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The THREE SISTERS RECREATION AREA <\/strong>is a 44-hectare nature reserve in Bryn<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name comes from three spoil heaps from the Garswood Hall coal mine, which was originally built in 1867 or earlier.\u00a0 By the time the mine closed in 1958 the heaps were over 50 metres high and were known as the \u2018Wigan Alps\u2019 or the \u2018Three Sisters<\/em>\u2019. The heaps were levelled and the area was converted into a recreation area and wildlife reserve, opened to the public in 1978.\u00a0 The Three Sisters Recreation Area forms a gateway to the Wigan<\/strong> Flashes Nature Reserve<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
THROSTLE NEST BRIDGE <\/strong>today is a small footbridge across the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong> in Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 There was an older Throstle Nest Bridge over the River Irwell <\/strong>that was demolished when the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> was built in 1887-1893.\u00a0 Both took their names from an area of Trafford Park<\/strong> estate which was recorded as a \u2018rural retreat\u2019 in the 1760s, but the name was also given to Throstle\u2019s Nest Lock in Old Trafford<\/strong> – the last lock on the Mersey & Irwell Navigation<\/strong>, which was built in the 1720s.\u00a0 The name comes from the Old English throstle<\/em>, meaning \u2018song thrush\u2019.\u00a0 The name was also applied to deer\u2019s antlers, which were large enough to hold a thrush nest, but, although Trafford Park did have deer, this definition is recorded only from 1785 and so is unlikely to be the meaning here.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
THURSTON CLOUGH <\/strong>and THURSTON CLOUGH BROOK\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>Thurston Clough is a hamlet east of Dobcross<\/strong> in Saddleworth <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The brook rises on the moors south-west of Delph<\/strong>, flows east through the clough<\/em> (Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>, \u2018deep valley, ravine\u2019) and joins the River Tame<\/strong> near Greenfield<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded with various spellings in the 18th<\/sup> century and is thought to be an eponym meaning \u2018Thurston\u2019s land\u2019, referring to an Old Norse name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River TIB<\/strong> is a long-culverted tributary of the River Medlock<\/strong> that rises at a spring called Coopers Pit in Miles Platting<\/strong> and flows for a few kilometres before joining the Medlock at Gaythorn<\/strong> near Deansgate <\/strong>station.\u00a0 A recent but unlikely suggestion is that the name was given by Roman legionnaires to remind them of the River Tiber<\/em> in Rome, but shortened to reflect the size of the Tib in Manchester.\u00a0 An alternative suggestion is that it comes from the Celtic dubr<\/em>, meaning \u2018water\u2019 which, coincidentally, is also cited as the origin of the Tiber in Italy.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TIGER\u2019S CLOUGH WATERFALL <\/strong>is a small waterfall in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong> near the village of Rivington in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Clough<\/em> comes from the Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>, meaning \u2018ravine, deep valley\u2019, and refers to the valley of the River Douglas<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is thought to take its name from an illicit 19th<\/sup>-century drinking place known as The Tigers<\/em>, which had a sign outside depicting two tigers\u2019 heads.\u00a0 The drinking establishment has long gone but its name lives on.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TIMBERCLIFFE <\/strong>is a small residential area near Summit<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the 1920s, when houses were built for local mill workers.\u00a0 The meaning would seem to be quite literal \u2013 \u2018wood-covered slope\u2019, from Old English timber<\/em> + clif<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TIMPERLEY<\/strong> is a suburb in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>, but formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1211-1225 as Timperleie<\/em>, meaning \u2018clearing where timber is obtained\u2019, from the Old English timber<\/em> + l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018glade, clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TIN BROOK <\/strong>is a culverted tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong> that joins the Mersey under Mersey Square<\/strong> in Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1759 but there is disagreement about its course, variant names and derivation.\u00a0 Different sources state that it rises in Woodsmoor<\/strong>, Great Moor<\/strong>, Heavily<\/strong> or Hazel Grove<\/strong>, and that it may or may not be part of Hempshaw Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name may be derived from Old English tyned<\/em>, meaning \u2018enclosed\u2019, or it may be more literal, taking its name from the tin works that were once located along its banks or the waste products from these works.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TINKER\u2019S GARDENS\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>VAUXHALL GARDENS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TIVIOT DALE<\/strong> is a retail and residential area in Stockport<\/strong>, although the name seems to be falling into disuse.\u00a0 The name is said to have been given to the area in 1745, when Prince Charles Stuart (\u2018Bonny Prince Charlie\u2019) camped in northern Stockport.\u00a0 His Jacobites derived the name from Teviotdale<\/em> in Roxburghshire in their native Scotland.\u00a0 This is derived from Scottish Gaelic Tibhiot,<\/em> a name which simply means \u2018river\u2019, but it has also been suggested that it could mean \u2018dark river\u2019 or \u2018dark one\u2019.\u00a0 The name may be related to other ancient river names, including the Tame<\/strong>, Tamar and the Thames.\u00a0 The Scottish spelling was maintained in Teviot Dale, the original name of the station opened by the Stockport Timperley & Altrincham Railway on 1 December 1865, but the spelling was changed to Tiviot Dale in about 1874.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOMMYFIELD MARKET <\/strong>is an indoor market in the centre of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was established in 1788 in fields<\/em> owned by Thomas (\u2018Tommy<\/em>\u2019) Whittaker.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TONGE<\/strong> is an area to the west (Tonge Moor) and south (Tonge Fold) of Bolton<\/strong>, both on the River Tonge, which is a tributary of the Croal <\/strong>and the Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1212 as Tange<\/em>, but the modern spelling is found by 1226.\u00a0 Tonge<\/em> means \u2018tongue of land\u2019 or \u2018fork in the river\u2019, from the Old English tang<\/em> or tunge<\/em>, describing Tonge\u2019s position between the River Tonge to the west and Bradshaw<\/strong> Brook to the east, just before their confluence.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TONTINE\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>There are several streets and buildings in Greater Manchester <\/strong>and across England named Tontine<\/strong>, but this village west of Orrell<\/strong> on the border between Lancashire<\/strong> and the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> seems to be the only settlement with the name.\u00a0 The name of the village is recorded in 1870 but it could be older as the word was in use in Britain from as early as 1765.\u00a0 It is derived from Lorenzo Tonti <\/em>(c.1602-c.1684), a Neapolitan banker who devised the form of insurance scheme or friendly society that is named after him.\u00a0 Tontines were fairly common in 19th-<\/sup>century Britain among immigrant communities, but it has not been possible to discover the origin of the name for the village of Tontine.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOP LOCK <\/strong>is a residential area beside the Leeds & Liverpool Canal in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It stands at the top<\/em> of a flight of 23 locks<\/em> which raise the canal by 56 metres in about 4 kilometres.\u00a0 The locks were opened in 1816.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOP MOSSLEY\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> BROOK BOTTOM <\/strong>or BROOKBOTTOM <\/strong>and MOSSLEY<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOP OF HEAP <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> HEAP BRIDGE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOP OF HEBERS\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> HEBERS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOPPINGS <\/strong>is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1843 and is a dialect word meaning \u2018hill top\u2019 from the Old English topp <\/em>(\u2018the top of a hill, etc\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TORKINGTON<\/strong> is a district in the Borough of Stockport<\/strong> that was formerly part of Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name was recorded in 1181 as Torkinton<\/em> and with its modern spelling in 1249.\u00a0 It consists of three Old English elements:\u00a0 Turec<\/em>, a personal name, -ing-<\/em>, \u2018belonging to\u2019 or \u2018the followers of\u2019, and t\u016bn<\/em>, \u2018settlement or farmstead\u2019, so that together the name would mean \u2018the village of Turec\u2019s people\u2019.\u00a0 Nothing is known of anyone called Turec and it is not recognised to be an English name, but, coincidentally, in 1560 a Richard Bullock leased some land from a John Torkington to set up a smithy nearby in what became Bullock\u2019s Smithy<\/strong>, now Hazel Grove<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOTTINGTON<\/strong><\/a> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1212 as Totinton<\/em>, and is usually said to mean \u2018the village of Totta\u2019.\u00a0 Totta<\/em> was a common Anglo-Saxon personal name, -ing<\/em>– means \u2018belonging to, associated with\u2019 and t\u016bn <\/em>means \u2018enclosure, village\u2019.\u00a0 However, the village is on a 272-metre hill and so the name could derive from Old English t\u014dt<\/em>, meaning \u2018hill-top look-out\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOUGHSHEET COMMUNITY STADIUM <\/strong>is a mixed-use sports stadium in Bolton<\/strong> and home to Bolton Wanderers football club.\u00a0 The club moved from Burnden<\/strong> when the new stadium was built in 1997.\u00a0 It was originally named the Reebok<\/strong> stadium by its American footwear sponsor, whose name is taken from the Afrikaans rhebok <\/em>antelope.\u00a0 Since 2024 it has been known as the Toughsheet <\/em>Community Stadium after the local manufacturer of recycled plastic building materials.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOWN HOUSE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises in Clough <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale <\/strong>and flows south east to meet the Roch near Littleborough<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is clearly named after a place or building known as \u2018Town House\u2019 and this seems to refer to a farm shown on 19th<\/sup>-century maps.\u00a0 The name probably means the main house<\/em> of a farmstead, which is one of the meanings derived from Old English t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOWN LANE <\/strong>is a small residential area south of Blackmoor<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name does not seem to have been documented until the end of the 19th century but it probably simply indicates its position on a lane<\/em> to a local town<\/em>, probably Tyldesley <\/strong>or Leigh.\u00a0 <\/strong>It is possible that Town Lane lends its name to nearby Town Brook, a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOWN OF LOWTON <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> LOWTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOWNSGATE <\/strong>is a residential area beside the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented and does not appear on 19th<\/sup>-century maps or the 1894 Ship Canal map of the area.\u00a0 The name seems to be taken from Towngate Farm<\/em> and may be derived from an older but unrecorded name meaning \u2018the road (Old Norse gata<\/em>) to the town<\/em>\u2019, presumably referring to Irlam<\/strong> as Irlam Road cuts through Towns Gate.\u00a0 The name and meaning contrast with Land Gate<\/strong>, meaning \u2018the road to the rural or agricultural land\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TRAFALGAR SQUARE <\/strong>is a residential area around a small green in the Guide Bridge<\/strong> area of Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area itself dates from around the 1840s but the buildings of Trafalgar Square were built in 1881.\u00a0 The square is named after the British naval victory at the Battle of Trafalgar<\/em> in 1805.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TRAFFORD <\/strong>is a district in Stretford<\/strong> that gives its name not only to Old Trafford<\/strong>, Trafford Centre retail outlet and Trafford Park<\/strong> industrial area but also to the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford that was created in 1974. The name is first recorded in about 1200 as Trafford<\/em>, and is a corruption of Stratford <\/em>or Stretford<\/em>, meaning \u2018the ford (across the river Mersey<\/strong>) on the Roman road (str\u00e6t<\/em>) between Manchester<\/strong> and Chester\u2019.\u00a0 The loss of the initial S- is said to be a feature of Anglo-Norman but may also be a way of distinguishing Trafford from neighbouring Stretford.<\/strong>\u00a0 In 1974 Trafford was chosen for the name of the new borough because of its famous sports venues and the Trafford Park<\/strong> industrial estate, as well as historical associations, but only after various alternative proposals – Altrincham<\/strong> Stretford<\/strong> and Sale<\/strong>, Chesford, Crossford, Watlingford and Mercia <\/strong>\u2013 had been rejected.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TRAFFORD PARK <\/strong>was originally the estate of Trafford<\/em> Hall.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1843 but in 1896 it was sold off and developed as the world\u2019s first industrial park, sited on the south side of the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The TRANS PENNINE TRAIL <\/strong>is a coast-to-coast route for walkers and cyclists, starting in Southport in Lancashire<\/strong>, crossing the Pennines<\/strong> to Hornsea in East Yorkshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The idea originated in 1989 and the full trail was completed and opened in 2004.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The trail is 346 kilometres long, with over 50 kilometres passing through Greater Manchester<\/strong>, including Sale<\/strong>, Chorlton<\/strong>, Didsbury<\/strong>, Stockport <\/strong>and Hyde<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TRINITY BRIDGE <\/strong>is a 78.5-metre footbridge across the River Irwell <\/strong>between Salford<\/strong> and Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was designed by the Spanish architect, Santiago Calatrava and was opened in 1995.\u00a0 It takes its name from the nearby Sacred Trinity<\/em> church, that was built in 1635 as the first parish church in Salford.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The TRINNACLE<\/strong> is a landmark consisting of three pillars of gritstone about 10 metres high on Saddleworth <\/strong>Moor above Dovestone Reservoir<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not listed as a word in the Oxford English Dictionary<\/em> and seems to date from the second half of the 20th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It is a portmanteau word formed from the prefix tri-<\/em> and the second half of pinnacle<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TRUB SMITHY <\/strong>or TRUB <\/strong>is a village south of Castleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 Trub Hall is recorded in the mid to late 17th<\/sup> century and Trub Farm and Trub Brook are also recorded.\u00a0 Thrub<\/em> is thought to derive from Old English throp<\/em> or Old Norse thorp<\/em>, both meaning \u2018outlying settlement\u2019.\u00a0 The name is shared with Trub Brook, a tributary of the River Irk<\/strong>.\u00a0 According to local legend, Oliver Cromwell<\/strong> led his Parliamentarian troops through the area during the Civil War and the owner of Trub Hall provided a smithy to reshoe one of his horses.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TUNSHILL<\/strong> is a hamlet north-east of Milnrow <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1793, when a small Roman statue was uncovered at Tunshill Quarry on Tunshill Farm.\u00a0 The name is probably much older as the family name of Tunshill<\/em> dates back to 1273, and probably means \u2018enclosure by or near a hill\u2019 from Old English t\u016bn <\/em>+ hyll.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TUNSTEAD <\/strong>is a hamlet in the Saddleworth<\/strong> area of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are several places with this name in England, all meaning \u2018farmstead place\u2019, from the Old English t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018farmstead, village\u2019) + stede <\/em>(\u2018place\u2019).\u00a0 This Tunstead is recorded in 1399 as Tunstede<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TURF HILL <\/strong>is a residential area of Rochdale<\/strong>, south-east of the town centre.\u00a0 A housing estate was built there in the early 1920s but its history is not well documented.\u00a0 The area between Rochdale and Oldham<\/strong> has several places named Turf Lane, referring to the rough grassy hills of this part of Greater Manchester<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TURF LEA <\/strong>is a hamlet south-east of Marple<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The hamlet is thought to have mediaeval origins and the name is recorded in 1770 as Turf Lee<\/em> but an 1831 map gives Tufleys<\/em>.\u00a0 The meaning is literal \u2013 a clearing (Old English l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em>) where the soil grows with grass (Old English turf<\/em>).\u00a0 Turf was used as roofing in mediaeval times.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TURNER\u2019S FLASH <\/strong>is a man-made lake south of Ince-in-Makerfield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> that forms one of the seven subsidence \u2018flashes\u2019 of Wigan Flashes Nature Reserve<\/strong>.\u00a0 Turner\u2019s<\/em> is recorded on the 1849 Ordnance Survey map as a field name, indicating that it was owned by someone named Turner.\u00a0 It has not been possible to identify who this Turner was, although it seems unlikely that there is any connection to the company of Turner Brothers, who manufactured asbestos in Wigan and Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is believed the flash<\/em> was formed by mining subsidence at the turn of the 20th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TURN MOSS <\/strong>is a 39-hectare public area of woods and meadows close to the River Mersey<\/strong> between Stretford<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> and Chorlton<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1612 as \u2018low lying meadows or ees\u2019 (see Broad Ees Dole<\/strong>) and it seems it was originally called Turf Moss, from the Old English turf<\/em> + mos<\/em> (\u2018marsh, swamp\u2019).\u00a0 The name was rationalised to \u2018Turn Moss\u2019 and by 1840 the area had been drained and turned into Turn Moss Farm.\u00a0 Nearby is Turn Moss Ees, derived from the Old English \u0113g<\/em>, meaning \u2018island\u2019, often a piece of firm land in an area liable to flooding by the Mersey.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TURTON<\/strong> is an area between Bolton<\/strong> and Blackburn that is divided between the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong> in Greater Manchester<\/strong> and Blackburn with Darwen in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1185 as Thirtun<\/em> but its modern spelling is found from 1212.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The name is an eponym meaning \u2018Thorr\u2019s or Thori\u2019s farmstead or village\u2019, from the Old Norse personal name Thorr<\/em> + Old English t\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018farm, village\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TWIRL HILL <\/strong>or TWARL HILL <\/strong>is a hill above Lily Lanes<\/strong> and between Alt <\/strong>Hill and Hartshead Green<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside <\/strong>that formed a parish boundary where tithes had to be paid until the 1830s.\u00a0 On the road is a tithe stone which marked the collection point, and the inscription on the stone states that it was inscribed in 1840, indicating that the stone itself was much older.\u00a0 The name comes from the Old English twirl\/twyrl<\/em>, meaning \u2018a fork, split or division\u2019, referring to the boundary line.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TYLDESLEY<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> that is also known as Tyldesley cum Shakerley<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in about 1210 as\u00a0Tildesleia<\/em> and means \u2018Tilwald\u2019s clearing\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Tilwald + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018wood, clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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UNDERBANKS <\/strong>is a district in central Stockport<\/strong> surrounding the mediaeval streets known as Great and Little Underbank<\/em>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1497, when Underbank Hall was built.\u00a0 The name derives from the position of the area \u2013 Stockport is built on a hill and Underbank<\/em> describes the area beneath the bank<\/em>, an Old Norse word that originally meant \u2018steep hill\u2019, close to the River Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0 This hill can be clearly seen at Crowther Street<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
UNITY BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong> which rises near Moses Gate<\/strong>\/Kearsley <\/strong>Moss and then flows south to meet the Irwell near Ringley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name appears on early Ordnance Survey maps of the 1840s and pre-dates the opening of the Unity Brook Colliery in the late 1860s or early 1870s.\u00a0 The origin and meaning are not recorded, but it is probable that the name reflects the stream\u2019s topography as it is formed where several tributaries meet and unite<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
UNSWORTH<\/strong> is a residential area of Bury<\/strong>, about 11 kilometres north of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1291 as Hundesworth<\/em> and means \u2018enclosure or place of the hounds\u2019 from the Old English hundes<\/em> + worth<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
UPPER CHELBURN \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0See<\/em> CHELBURN<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
UPPERMILL<\/strong> is a village on the River Tame<\/strong> in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, although historically part of the West Riding of<\/strong> Yorkshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1730 as Upper Mill<\/em>, which coincides with the beginnings of the industrial revolution and the construction of two mills in the area \u2013 a lower and an upper mill<\/em>.\u00a0 The upper mill was originally a corn mill but was converted for scribbling wool around 1780.\u00a0 It continued in use until the 1930s, when it was demolished.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
URMSTON<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1194 as Wermeston<\/em>, although Urmeston<\/em> is found by 1212.\u00a0 It has been suggested that the name is an eponym from the Viking personal name Urm<\/em> \u00a0+ Old English t\u016bn<\/em>, but it is now thought that it is from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Wyrm<\/em> or Orme<\/em>. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Nearby and close to the River Mersey<\/strong> are Urmston Meadows (Old English m<\/em>\u01e3d<\/em>) and Urmston Ees (Old English \u0113g<\/em>, meaning \u2018island\u2019, often a piece of firm land in an area liable to flooding).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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VAUXHALL GARDENS <\/strong>were originally a 9-hectare pleasure garden in Collyhurst<\/strong> on the banks of the River Irk<\/strong> in the City of Manchester.<\/strong>\u00a0 They were created in the 1790s by Robert Tinker (c.1766-1836), the owner of a local coffee house and tea gardens.\u00a0 They were initially known as the Elysian Gardens after Elysium, the afterlife in Greek mythology, although popularly known as \u2018Tinker\u2019s Gardens\u2019.\u00a0 In 1814 he changed the name to Vauxhall Gardens after London’s Vauxhall Pleasure Gardens<\/em>, and under this name they continued in use until about 1852.\u00a0 They then fell into disrepair, and the land was used for sand quarrying.\u00a0 In the 1970s the land was set aside as a public recreational space and renamed Vauxhall Pleasure Gardens in 2012.\u00a0 Vauxhall in London is recorded as Faukeshale<\/em> in 1279 and takes its name Faukes<\/em> de Br\u00e9aut\u00e9, who built a house there in the early 13th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name was adopted for pleasure gardens in Birmingham, New York and St Petersburg, as well as Manchester.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VELODROME<\/strong> in Clayton<\/strong>, about 5 kilometres east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre, was opened in 1994 as the National Cycling Centre with an Olympic-standard indoor racing track for training and competitions.\u00a0 The name comes from the French\u00a0v\u00e9lodrome<\/em>, from\u00a0v\u00e9lo<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018bicycle\u2019) +\u00a0-drome<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a place for running or racing\u2019) and first appeared in English in 1902.\u00a0 Metrolink opened the Velopark tram stop on 11 February 2013.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VERNON PARK <\/strong>is a 6-hectare country park in Stockport<\/strong>, east of the town centre.\u00a0 It was opened on 20 September 1858 on land donated to Stockport Corporation in 1842 by George John Warren, Lord Vernon<\/em> (1803-66), and named after him.\u00a0 It was sometimes known as \u201cPinch Belly Park\u201d or \u201cthe People\u2019s Park\u201d because of the poverty among local mill workers.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VIADUCT PARK<\/strong> is a 0.8-hectare rooftop park atop the Interchange bus station and transport hub in Stockport<\/strong> town centre.\u00a0 It was opened in 2024 and takes its name from the nearby Stockport Viaduct<\/em>, which carries the main Manchester to London railway line over the River Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0 The viaduct was built by the Manchester & Birmingham Railway in 1839-1840 using about 11 million bricks.\u00a0 It was one of the earliest viaducts and, at that time, it was the largest viaduct in the world.\u00a0 In 1839, the word \u2018viaduct\u2019 was new \u2013 it had been coined only in 1816.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VICTORIA BRIDGE <\/strong>is a single-arch road bridge across the River Irwell <\/strong>between the cities of Salford<\/strong> and Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 1838-1839 and named after Queen Victoria<\/em> (1819-1901).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VICTORIA NORTH <\/strong>is one of the twelve new towns announced by the government in September 2012.\u00a0 The plan is to build an inner-city new town on 155 hectares of brownfield north-east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre, with 15,000 homes and 46 hectares of green space to be named City River Park.\u00a0 The area includes parts of New Cross<\/strong>, Collyhurst<\/strong>, Red Bank<\/strong>, Vauxhall Gardens<\/strong>, Sandhills Park<\/strong> and Smedley<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the nearby Victoria Station<\/strong> and ultimately from Queen Victoria<\/em> (1819-1901).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VICTORIA PARK, Denton <\/strong>is a 2-hectare public park in Denton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The land was purchased in 1886 but the park was not opened until 1913.\u00a0 The park is adjacent to Victoria Street, which takes its name from Queen Victoria<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VICTORIA PARK, Rusholme<\/strong>\u00a0is a suburb of Manchester<\/strong> lying about 3 kilometres south of the city centre between Longsight<\/strong> and Rusholme<\/strong>.\u00a0 Its name comes from the Victoria Park<\/em> Company, which was established in 1836 to build a residential area with large houses for prosperous and professional families.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VICTORIA PARK, Stockport <\/strong>is a 6-hectare park in the Heaviley<\/strong> district of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in the late 19th<\/sup> century, probably to commemorate the 60th<\/sup> year of the reign of Queen Victoria<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VICTORIA PARK, Swinton<\/strong> is a 6-hectare public park in Swinton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in 1897 to commemorate the\u00a060th year of the reign of Queen Victoria<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VICTORIA STATION<\/strong> was opened in 1843 by the Manchester & Leeds Railway. \u00a0In 1844 the Liverpool & Manchester Railway extended its lines to Victoria and closed its Liverpool Road <\/strong>terminus.\u00a0 The new station was originally to have been called Hunt\u2019s Bank<\/strong>, but was instead named after Queen Victoria<\/em>.\u00a0 In 1846 the Manchester & Leeds merged with other local companies to form the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway and established its headquarters at Victoria.\u00a0 The station has been rebuilt in various ways in the past:\u00a0 several platforms were converted into a Metrolink tram station in 1992 and in 1992-94 the new Manchester Arena<\/strong> stadium was built above some of the northern end.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VICTORY <\/strong>is a residential area north-east of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is said to be named after HMS Victory<\/em>, the flagship of Admiral Horatio Nelson (1758-1805), and streets in the area were name after Nelson\u2019s victories at Nile and Trafalgar, as well as after Nelson himself.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VIMTO PARK <\/strong>is a small park in central Manchester<\/strong> that takes its name from the soft drink, Vimto<\/em>, which was first manufactured on the site on Granby Row in 1908.\u00a0 The drink was at first named \u2018Vim Tonic\u2019, because it was said to give the drinker vim<\/em> and vigour, but this was shortened to Vimto in 1912.\u00a0 The park includes a wooden sculpture of a Vimto bottle and all its fruit ingredients.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VIRIDOR WOOD <\/strong>is a 96-hectare country park in Bamfurlong<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> that forms part of the Flashes of Wigan and Leigh<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 It is on the site of Mains Colliery, which was opened in about 1870 and closed in 1960.\u00a0 It then became a landfill site owned and operated by a waste disposal company named Viridor<\/em>, which is the Latin for \u2018to become green\u2019.\u00a0 The site was purchased by the Forestry Commission in 2001 and transformed into a country park.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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WAIN STONES <\/strong>Near Wain Stones and Far Wain Stones are rock formations on Saddleworth <\/strong>Moor in the Peak District <\/strong>National Park in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Academic sources give the origin as Old English w<\/em>\u00e6gn<\/em>, meaning \u2018wagon\u2019, but offer no explanation.\u00a0 Local sources derive the name from Old English wanian<\/em>, meaning \u2018to howl\u2019, in reference to the sound the wind makes as in blows through the rocks.\u00a0 Wanian<\/em> can also mean \u2018to lament\u2019 and it is suggested that the rocks may have some significance as a place of mourning.\u00a0 Two of the rocks are known as the Kissing Rocks from their shape, which resembles two heads close together as if kissing.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALKDEN<\/strong> is a town in the City of Salford <\/strong>about 11 kilometres north-west of Manchester <\/strong>city centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1325 as Walkeden<\/em> and this is usually said to mean \u2018Walca\u2019s valley\u2019 from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Wealaca<\/em> + denu<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019).\u00a0 However, an alternative interpretation is that the origin is the Old English Wealaca<\/em>, meaning \u2018a fuller\u2019 \u2013 someone who shrinks and thickens woollen cloth by moistening, heating, and pressing it by walking on it.\u00a0 This might suggest that Wealaca was a fuller or took his name from the occupation.\u00a0 This would fit with Walkden\u2019s history as a textile manufacturing centre.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALKDEN GARDENS <\/strong>are a 2-hectare public park and open-air theatre in Sale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The site was originally developed as a nursery by Harry Walkden<\/em>, but on his death in 1949 it was bequeathed to Sale Borough Council and named in his memory.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALKER FOLD <\/strong>is a rural woodland area north-west of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is not well documented and is assumed to be an eponym meaning \u2018the animal enclosure (Old English fald<\/em>) belonging to someone called Walker<\/em>\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALKERS <\/strong>is a residential area north-west of Grotton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1738 as Walker\u2019s<\/em> and is probably derived, directly or indirectly, from the Old English wealcere<\/em>, meaning \u2018someone who treats woollen cloth by treading on it in a tub of caustic soda\u2019.\u00a0 This definition of a walker or \u2018fuller\u2019 pre-dates the modern meaning of \u2018walker\u2019 and is the origin of the common surname.\u00a0 Walkers in Oldham may therefore mean \u2018land where walking<\/em> or fulling took place\u2019 or may be an eponym signifying land belonging to someone called Walker<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALKER\u2019S FIELD <\/strong>or MISS WALKER\u2019S FIELD <\/strong>is a public recreational area in Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 In the 19th<\/sup> century the land belonged to the Walker family, who were Lancashire<\/strong> landowners, cotton manufacturers and bankers.\u00a0 The last of the family, a Miss A Walker<\/em>, died in the early 1950s and donated the land to Bury Council.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALKERWOOD RESERVOIR <\/strong>is one of the four Swineshaw<\/strong> reservoirs \u2013 Lower Swineshaw, Higher Swineshaw, Brushes<\/strong> and Walkerwood \u2013 built in 1864-70 to supply drinking water to Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> and Stalybridge<\/strong> in what is now the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name was taken from a local settlement which was recorded on the 1842 Ordnance Survey map but has disappeared from modern maps.\u00a0 The derivation is uncertain but is probably a surname eponym, meaning \u2018the wood<\/em> belonging to someone named Walker<\/em>\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALLGATE<\/strong> is an urban area in the centre of Wigan<\/strong> that takes its name from the area around the mediaeval street of Wallgate<\/em> and Wigan Wallgate railway station.\u00a0 Wallgate is one of the Wigan \u2018gates\u2019, all of which were (and many still are) streets dating from the Middle Ages, and perhaps much earlier as \u2018gate\u2019 is derived from the Old Norse gata<\/em>, meaning \u2018road, street\u2019.\u00a0 Wallgate means \u2018Welsh road\u2019, from the Old English walh<\/em> or wealh<\/em>, suggesting it was the road west to Wales.\u00a0 The others are Standishgate (the road to Standish<\/strong>), Hallgate (the road to Wigan Hall), Millgate (the road leading to a watermill on the River Douglas<\/strong>) and Stairgate (the road to the River Douglas via a set of steps).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALL HILL <\/strong>is a hamlet in the Saddleworth<\/strong> area of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1624 but no explanation is offered.\u00a0 The name could be quite literal and refer to the dry stone walls<\/em> found across Saddleworth hillsides<\/em>.\u00a0 Another theory is that the \u2018wall\u2019 could be the rows of stone tenter posts erected by flannel manufacturers above the hamlet which might look like walls, although the current ones date only from about 1840.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALLNESS<\/strong> is a residential area of north-west Salford<\/strong> and includes Wallness Bridge across the River Irwell.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1261 as Walneys<\/em>, from the Old English hw\u00e6l<\/em>, meaning \u2018round hill\u2019 + ness<\/em> (\u2018promontory, headland\u2019), referring the land inside the long meander in the Irwell at this point.\u00a0 The name had been rationalised to Wallness by the beginning of the 19th<\/sup> century, although the spelling \u2018Walneys\u2019 is found in burial records as late as 1852.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALLSUCHES<\/strong> is a residential district of Horwich<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1777, when brothers Thomas and John Ridgway moved from Dog Hill in Bolton to a site east of Horwich and established the Wallsuches Bleachworks<\/em>.\u00a0 It is said that the name comes from the Old English wella<\/em>, meaning \u2018stream\u2019, + soc<\/em>, meaning \u2018to soak\u2019.\u00a0 This derivation could refer to the numerous streams running off the moors to the east which would provide the water for the bleaching of cloth on the banks.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALMERSLEY <\/strong>is a suburb of north Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1262 as Walmeresley <\/em>and is said to mean \u2018the clearing of Waldmer<\/em> or Walhmer<\/em>\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018woodland clearing\u2019).\u00a0 Alternatively, it could mean \u2018lake by a wood\u2019, from Old English wald <\/em>(\u2018woodland, forest\u2019) + mere <\/em>(\u2018pool, lake\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALSHAW <\/strong>is a village north-west of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1311 as Wolleshagh<\/em>, meaning \u2018the small wood by a stream\u2019, from Old English w\u00e6lla <\/em>(\u2018stream\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse, small wood\u2019).\u00a0 The stream is the nearby Walshaw Brook, a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong>, which would seem to take its name from the village rather than vice versa.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALTON PARK<\/strong> is a 5-hectare public park in Sale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> that was formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The land was acquired by the local authority in 1938 and opened to the public in 1939.\u00a0 Walton<\/em> is a common place name in England and usually means \u2018the farmstead or settlement of the Welsh or Britons\u2019, from the Old English walh<\/em> + t\u016bn<\/em>.\u00a0 The name suggests that there had been an earlier Celtic settlement on or close to the site.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WARBURTON<\/strong> is a village on the south bank of the River Mersey <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Wareburgetune<\/em> and Warburgetone<\/em>, meaning \u2018the estate or village (t\u016bn<\/em>) of a woman called W\u01e3rburg<\/em>\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WARBURTON GREEN <\/strong>is a residential area of Hale Barns<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is believed to derive from the Warburton<\/em> family, as one Peter Warburton (1618-78) leased 4 hectares of land at \u2018the Greene\u2019, but other sources trace the name as far back as 1572.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WARDLE<\/strong> is a town north-east of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Warhul<\/em> in 1193 and with its modern spelling in 1580.\u00a0 The meaning is \u2018look-out hill\u2019, from Old English weard<\/em> (\u2018watch, look-out\u2019) + hyll, <\/em>referring to Brown Wardle<\/em> Hill, a 400-metre-high hill north-west of the town.\u00a0 The name of Brown Wardle Hill suggests that modern English hill <\/em>reduplicates Old English hyll<\/em> because it had been reduced to -le<\/em> and its meaning forgotten.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WARDLEWORTH<\/strong> is a residential area of Rochdale<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in about 1200 and is said to mean \u2018the enclosed settlement (worth<\/em>) close to Wuerdle<\/em>\u2019.\u00a0 See also<\/em> WARDLE<\/strong> and WUERDLE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WARDLEY<\/strong> is a suburb in the north-west of the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1148 as Weardeleige<\/em> and means \u2018clearing or wood (l\u0113ah<\/em>) near a fortified place\u2019 (warde,<\/em> \u2018protection\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WARHILL<\/strong> or WAR HILL <\/strong>is a hamlet in the Mottram-in-Longdendale<\/strong> area of the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1360 as le Wharell<\/em>, which academic sources derive from the Middle English quarrelle<\/em>, meaning \u2018a quarry\u2019.\u00a0 However, according to local legend, the hill<\/em> was the site of a battle in 1138 in the Anarchy War <\/em>between Stephen and Matilda for the English throne.\u00a0 Stephen (reigned 1135-54) was victorious but Matilda\u2019s son eventually succeeded King Stephen as Henry II (reigned 1154-89).\u00a0 The church of St Michael and All Angels is said to have been erected on Warhill to commemorate the battle.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WARLOW PIKE <\/strong>and WARLOW BROOK\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Warlow Brook, a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong>, rises on Warlow Pike and flows north to meet the Tame near Mossley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside.<\/strong>\u00a0 Warlow Pike is recorded in 1468 as Harelowe<\/em>, from Old English h<\/em>\u0101r<\/em> (\u2018grey\u2019 or \u2018boundary) + hl\u0101w <\/em>(\u2018hill\u2019), and Pike comes Old English pic<\/em>, meaning \u2018a point\u2019, as on the mediaeval weapon, and so \u2018a pointed hill\u2019.\u00a0 It has been suggested that Warlow Pike marked the ancient boundary between Cheshire<\/strong> and Saddleworth<\/strong>, and the boundary was marked with grey stones so that h\u0101r<\/em> came to mean \u2018boundary\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WARTH FOLD <\/strong>is a residential and recreational area south-west of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented and literally means \u2019animal enclosure animal enclosure\u2019 \u2013 an example of reduplication as Old English worth<\/em> and fald <\/em>both mean \u2018animal enclosure\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WATCH HILL CASTLE<\/strong> is mediaeval castle in Bowdon<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> also known as Castle Hill.\u00a0 The site is located north of the River Bollin,<\/strong> overlooking a ford by which the old Roman road from Manchester<\/strong> to Chester crossed the river.\u00a0 The name is apparently not recorded until the 19th<\/sup> century, but it evidently means \u2018look-out hill\u2019 from the Old English waecce<\/em> (\u2018a watch, look-out\u2019) + hyll<\/em>.\u00a0 The earlier name of Castle Hill was recorded in 1481 as Le Castell Milne<\/em> (i.e. Castle Mill) but in 1535 as Castill Hill<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WATERDALE <\/strong>is a residential and parkland area in Whitefield <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 1780s when a series of reservoirs was constructed for the Waterdale<\/em> Bleach & Dye Works, although it may have been a farm name at an earlier date.\u00a0 The works was demolished in the 1970s and the area was used for waste spoil during the construction of the M62 motorway, but is has since been regenerated as a nature reserve.\u00a0 The name means \u2018the valley (Old English d<\/em>\u00e6l<\/em>) of the waters (w<\/em>\u00e6ter<\/em>)\u2019, referring to the waters of Mere Brook<\/strong> and Bradley Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WATERGROVE RESERVOIR<\/strong> is a reservoir in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale,<\/strong> which was completed in 1938.<\/strong>\u00a0 It takes its name from the former village of Watergrove<\/em>, which was evacuated and submerged when the reservoir was built.\u00a0 The village had originally developed in the 1840s to provide housing for Watergrove Mill<\/em>, which was built in 1841.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WATERHEAD <\/strong>is a residential area of north-east Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1648 as Watergate Mill but as Waterhead in 1844, when it was created as a parish. \u00a0Both gate<\/em> and head<\/em> here mean \u2018the source of a river or stream\u2019, which could refer to any of the streams that rise in this area on the edge of the moors.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WATER HEYES <\/strong>is a residential area of north-east Wigan<\/strong> beside the River Douglas<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the mid-19th<\/sup> century and its origin does not seem to have been explored.\u00a0 Given its position, it is likely that it means \u2018enclosures beside the water\u2019, from Old English w<\/em>\u00e6ter <\/em>(referring to the Douglas) + h<\/em>\u01e3g <\/em>(\u2018enclosure\u2019).\u00a0 It is a coincidence that the Water Heyes Electrical Company was founded by brothers William and Lancelot Heyes at the turn of the 20th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WATERHOUSES<\/strong> is a village (also known as Daisy Nook<\/strong>) and country park in Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from The Waterhouse<\/em>, the former name of Medlock<\/strong> Hall, a country house dating from the 15th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WATERLOO<\/strong> is a residential area of Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1823 and takes its name from Wellington<\/strong>\u2019s victory at the Battle of Waterloo<\/em> in Belgium in June 1815.\u00a0 The name of the original Belgian village means \u2018watery clearing\u2019, from the Middle Dutch water<\/em> + loo<\/em> (\u2018forest, clearing\u2019).\u00a0 A number of streets in the Ashton Waterloo are named after officers in the victorious army.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WATERS BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> which rises north of Bleak Hey Nook<\/strong> in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows south west through Waters Clough to meet Hull Brook<\/strong>, which then flows south west to join the Tame in Delph<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name Waters<\/em> is found in several places locally:\u00a0 Waters Farm is recorded in 1722 and Waters Gate marks the entry to Waters Lane, which leads to Waters Farm.\u00a0 The names all seem to refer to the various headwaters<\/em> of the Tame that meet in the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WATERSHEDDINGS <\/strong>is a residential area of north-east Oldham<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1102 as Watersdeles<\/em>, a name that means \u2018the dividing of the waters\u2019, i.e. the watershed at the top of Pendle Hill.\u00a0 The name comes from Middle English water <\/em>+ shadel<\/em> (\u2018parting\u2019), a name and spelling that are still found in Watersheddles Reservoir in Lancashire, built in 1877.\u00a0 The modern word \u2018watershed\u2019 is not found in English until 1764, and it seems likely that the name of the village was rationalised at some point to align with the modern term.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WATER\u2019S NOOK <\/strong>is a residential area of Westhoughton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is not well documented before 1891.\u00a0 Its name is derived from its position in nook<\/em> of land north of the V-shaped confluence of the waters <\/em>of Hall Lee Brook<\/strong> with another, apparently-unnamed stream flowing from the north-east.\u00a0 Nook comes from the Old English n<\/em>\u014dk<\/em> (\u2018nook of land; triangular plot\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WEASTE<\/strong> is an inner-city suburb of the City of Salford<\/strong>, previously in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name comes from the Old French wast<\/em> or waste<\/em>, meaning \u2018uncultivated or common land\u2019.\u00a0 The word is used throughout the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) in its Latin form, wasta<\/em>, for uninhabited land for which dues and taxes would not be paid, but Weaste in Lancashire is not mentioned.\u00a0 Although the name would seem to date from mediaeval times, Weaste is not well documented.\u00a0 A map of 1675 calls what is now Weaste Lane \u2018Brewers Lane\u2019.\u00a0 Weaste Hall dates from 1831.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u201cWEATHERFIELD\u201d<\/strong> is a fictional town in Greater Manchester<\/strong> which since 1974 has been the location for the Coronation Street<\/em> soap opera.\u00a0 According to Corriepedia<\/em>, it was originally a farming area called Bellwether Field<\/em>, meaning \u2018the field of the wethered ram around whose neck a bell was hung\u2019, from the Old\/Middle English belle<\/em> (\u2018bell\u2019) + wether<\/em> (\u2018castrated ram\u2019) + feld <\/em>(\u2018field, farm\u2019).\u00a0 Over time, this was simplified to Wetherfield and ultimately rationalised to Weatherfield.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WEDNESHOUGH <\/strong>is a location in Hollingworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1795 with its modern spelling but its origin is disputed:\u00a0 it is often said that Wedneshough Green was an ancient religious site named after the Anglo-Saxon god Woden <\/em>+ Old Norse sk<\/em>\u00f3gr<\/em> (\u2018a wood\u2019) or Old English h<\/em>\u014dh<\/em> (spur of land\u2019), but the first element could also be Old English withign <\/em>(\u2018willow\u2019) or w<\/em>\u0113oden<\/em> (\u2018covered with weeds\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WEIR MILL <\/strong>or WEAR MILL<\/strong> is a repurposed cotton mill in Stockport<\/strong> that is now a residential and retail centre.\u00a0 The Tame<\/strong> and the Goyt<\/strong> meet in central Stockport to form the River Mersey<\/strong>, which then flows west towards Brinksway<\/strong>.\u00a0 In this short stretch five water-powered cotton mills were built in the 1790s, each with its own weir.\u00a0 One of those on the south bank was named, appropriately, Weir Mill, although it had been converted to steam by 1834.\u00a0 One of the arches of the Stockport Viaduct<\/strong> was built over it in 1840 and part of the upper floor was demolished when the viaduct was doubled in 1888-1889. \u00a0It ceased production in the 1970s and was restored in 2024 as part of Stockport\u2019s regeneration plans.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WELL GREEN <\/strong>is a residential area on the edge of Hale Barns<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> close to Fairywell Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1831 as Waugh Green<\/em> but with its modern spelling in 1841.\u00a0 Its meaning and derivation are thought to be literal:\u00a0 \u2018the green by a well, spring or stream\u2019, from Old English wella<\/em> + gr<\/em>\u0113ne<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WELLINGTON BRIDGE <\/strong>is an 11-arch road bridge in Stockport <\/strong>that carries Wellington Road, the modern A6 and a rerouting of the old Roman Road from Manchester<\/strong> to Buxton, over the valley of the River Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 The bridge was built in 1824-1826 and was named after the Duke of Wellington<\/em> (1769-1852), the victor at the Battle of Waterloo<\/strong> of 1815 and later prime minister.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WERNETH <\/strong>is a residential area of Oldham<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>, about 1.5 kilometres west-south-west of Oldham town centre.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1226 as Vernet,<\/em> meaning \u2018place where alder trees grow\u2019 and is derived from the Celtic verno<\/em>, meaning \u2018alder trees\u2019.\u00a0 It is a rare survivor of a Celtic place name and reflects the wooded landscape of the time.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WERNETH BROOK<\/strong> is a stream and tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> in Hyde<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see Appendix 1) as Warnet<\/em>, meaning \u2018place where alder trees grow\u2019 from the Celtic verno<\/em>, meaning \u2018alder trees\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WERNETH LOW <\/strong>is a 279-metre hill on the boundary between the Metropolitan Boroughs of Stockport <\/strong>and Tameside<\/strong>, north-east of Romiley<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in about 1620 as Wernith Low<\/em>, meaning \u2018the hill (Old English hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em>) where alder trees (Celtic verno<\/em>) grow\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WEST DIDSBURY\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>DIDSBURY<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WEST GORTON\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> GORTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WESTHOUGHTON<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, 6 kilometres south-west of Bolton itself and 21 kilometres north-west of Manchester <\/strong>city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1240 as Westhalcton<\/em> and with its modern spelling from the 16th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It means \u2018the western settlement in a nook of land\u2019, from Old English west <\/em>(\u2018west, western\u2019) + halh<\/em> (\u2018nook, corner of land\u2019) + t\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018enclosure, village\u2019).\u00a0 The West<\/em> was originally to distinguish it from Little Houghton, a village name that seems to have vanished, and the nook may refer to a bend in nearby Water\u2019s Nook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WEST HULME <\/strong>or WESTHULME <\/strong>is, as its name suggests, a residential area west<\/em> of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is not well documented before the mid-19th<\/sup> century, with West Hulme isolation hospital built in the 1870s, and even on the 1882 Ordnance Survey map it appears as a separate hamlet.\u00a0 The name combines Old English west<\/em> with the Old Norse element holmr <\/em>(\u2018dry land, promontory\u2019) which originally formed part of Oldham\u2019s 13th<\/sup>-century name \u2013 Aldholm<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WESTLEIGH<\/strong> is a suburb of north-west Leigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1238 as Westlegh<\/em>, from Old English West<\/em> + Old English l\u0113ah<\/em>, meaning ‘wood, clearing or meadow’.\u00a0 The West <\/em>distinguishes it from Leigh itself.\u00a0 See also<\/em> ASTLEY<\/strong>.\u00a0 Westleigh gives its name to Westleigh Brook, a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong> which flows from north to south through the town.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WEST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE<\/strong> was until 1974 one of the three ridings (i.e. third-ings) of Yorkshire<\/strong>, the ancient county named after the city of York.\u00a0 Since 1974, the West Riding has become simply West Yorkshire, although parts of the old West Riding around Saddleworth<\/strong> were transferred to the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> in Greater Manchester.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WESTWOOD<\/strong>\u00a0is a residential area of western Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded as Westewood<\/em> in the late 13th century, from the Old English west<\/em> + wudu<\/em>, meaning \u2018place to the west of a wood or forest\u2019 or \u2018a forest to the west of a settlement\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WESTWOOD FLASH <\/strong>is one of the seven \u2018flashes<\/em>\u2019 or lakes mostly created by mining subsidence early in the 20th<\/sup> century that make up the Flashes of Wigan and Leigh<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name originates with Westwood<\/em> (i.e. \u2018western wood\u2019) Hall<\/em>, a country house built in about 1785 south-west of Ince-in-Makerfield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 Westwood Power Station was built nearby in 1948-50 but closed and demolished in 1989.\u00a0 The cooling water for the power station formed a man-made lake which is now Westwood Flash, while the site of the power station has been developed as Westwood Business Park and the estate of Westwood Hall is now Westwood Park Gardens.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WESTWOOD PARK <\/strong>is a residential area south-east of Worsley <\/strong>in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area was originally the site of Westwood Park, a country house with formal gardens dating from the 18th<\/sup> or 19th<\/sup> century, presumably named because it was a wooded <\/em>area west<\/em> of the main townships of Salford at the time.\u00a0 The house has been demolished but the estate is now Broadoak<\/strong> Park.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WET EARTH COLLIERY <\/strong>was a coal mine in Dixon Fold<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was first opened in 1756 and was originally called Gal Pit from the Galloway ponies that were used there.\u00a0 It had to be closed because of flooding but an ingenious drainage system was devised and it re-opened in the 1760s, although the flooding problems were recalled in its name.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>The mine was painted by Lowry in 1925 (see<\/em> Appendix 2) and was closed in about 1928, but the site was later converted into Clifton<\/strong> Country Park, which opened in 2005.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHALLEY RANGE <\/strong>is an inner-city area in Moss Side<\/strong> and Withington<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>, previously in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was one of the earliest suburbs of Manchester, built in the 1830s by local banker and businessman Samuel Brooks (1793-1864) (see also<\/em> BROOKLANDS<\/strong>).\u00a0 He named the area after his birthplace, Whalley<\/em> near Blackburn in Lancashire.\u00a0 Whalley<\/em> is mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle as the site of the great battle of Hw\u00e6lleage<\/em> in April 798 and takes its name from the Old English hw\u00e6l<\/em>, meaning \u2018round hill\u2019 + l\u0113ah<\/em>, \u2018clearing or settlement\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHARFSIDE<\/strong> is a regeneration area in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> on the south bank of the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> opposite Salford Quays<\/strong> and including Manchester United\u2019s Old<\/strong> Trafford<\/strong> stadium and the Imperial War Museum<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is taken from the location beside the wharves <\/em>of the Manchester Ship Canal and seems to have been devised at the time the Metrolink tram stop (originally to have been called Manchester United) was opened on 22 March 2020 with the name \u2018Wharfside\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHELLEY<\/strong> is a residential area of Wigan<\/strong>, north-east of the town itself.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1160 as Quelley<\/em> and with its modern spelling from 1553.\u00a0 It means \u2018round settlement\u2019, from Old English hweol<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018wheel; water-wheel; anything round, such as a stone circle or a curving valley or hill\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018clearing or settlement\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHIT BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irk <\/strong>that rises south of Rochdale<\/strong> and flows south to join the Irk west of Middleton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but means simply \u2018white stream\u2019 from the Old English hw<\/em>\u012bt + br\u014dc.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> which rises at White Brook Spring south east of Heathfields<\/strong> and flows about 830 metres north west to meet the Tame at Uppermill<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century as Wytibroke<\/em> and Whitebrok<\/em>, literally meaning \u2018white brook\u2019 from Old English hw<\/em>\u012bt<\/em> + br\u014dc<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITE BROW <\/strong>is a residential area on the banks of the River Roch<\/strong> in Hollins<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded on Ordnance Survey maps surveyed in the mid-1840s and means \u2018the pale hill\u2019, from the Old English hw\u012bt <\/em>+ bru<\/em>.\u00a0 The brow<\/em> refers to the slope rising from the River Roch and the white<\/em> could be the pale rock or soil, white flowers or fields.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITEFIELD<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> that was formerly part of Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1292 as Whitefeld<\/em>, meaning \u2018white field or land\u2019, from Old English hw\u012bta<\/em> + feld<\/em>.\u00a0 There are several theories about what the \u2018white\u2019 element might mean:\u00a0 long-lying snow, white flowers such as lilies (see Lily Hill<\/strong>), fabric laid out for bleaching or wheat fields.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITEGATE <\/strong>and WHITEGATE END <\/strong>are nearby residential and industrial areas of Chadderton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Whitegate<\/em> is recorded in 1556 but the name is not well documented.\u00a0 Gate<\/strong>, from Old Norse gata<\/em>, means \u2018road\u2019, and End<\/strong> suggests that both places were at one time at the end of a road.\u00a0 Why this road was White <\/strong>is not known but it might be that it was the road to White Moss<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITEHEAD BROOK\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> WHITEHEAD HALL MEADOWS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITEHEAD GARDENS <\/strong>is a public park and war memorial in Tottington <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is named after Mr and Mrs S D Whitehead<\/em>, who gave the garden to the people of Tottington in remembrance of the seven people who were killed when an air-launched V1 flying bomb landed on Chapel Street on 24 December 1944.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITEHEAD HALL MEADOWS <\/strong>is a 5.58 hectare nature reserve in Astley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The original Whitehead Hall<\/em> was a mediaeval farmhouse in the area of Worsley<\/strong> and Tyldesley<\/strong>, apparently named after the Whitehead<\/em> family.\u00a0 The farm survived until the 1950s, when it became the site for colliery waste from nearby coal mines.\u00a0 In 2000 this was cleared and designated as nature reserve.\u00a0 Whitehead Brook, a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong>, which forms part of the boundary between Wigan and Salford<\/strong>, also takes its name from the Whitehead family.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITE ISLES BROOK <\/strong>rises north of Windy Hill <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale <\/strong>and flows west to join Longden End Brook, which then flows south-west through Rakewood<\/strong> Valley to empty into Hollingworth Lake<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not recorded on 19th<\/sup>-century maps and its origin and meaning are uncertain.\u00a0 White<\/em> may refer to light soil or white flora such as sedge.\u00a0 Isles <\/em>may be a corruption or rationalisation of Ealees<\/strong>, a name found to the north-west of White Isles Brook and meaning \u2018clearings or \u2018islands\u2019 of land beside a brook or river\u2019, from the Old English \u0113a<\/em> (\u2018river\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (woodland clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITELEY <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> LOWER WHITELEY DEAN BROOK<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITE MOSS <\/strong>is a rural and recreational area north of Charlestown<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong> spreading across parts of Middleton<\/strong> and Chadderton<\/strong>, with part now occupied by Blackley<\/strong> golf course.\u00a0 The place is not well documented:\u00a0 moss<\/em> refers to the large areas of peat bog across the east of Greater Manchester<\/strong>, and, while such swampland can be covered with white moss<\/em> flowers, this cannot be confirmed as the origin of the name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITE\u2019S BRIDGE <\/strong>is a road bridge over the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong> in Sale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 1816 and named after Dr Charles White<\/em> (1728-1813), co-founder of the Manchester Royal Infirmary, who lived nearby at Sale Priory (see<\/em> Priory Gardens<\/strong>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITLEY <\/strong>is a residential area of Wigan<\/strong> north of the town centre.\u00a0 It takes its name from Whitley Hall<\/em>, which is recorded as being rebuilt in about 1584.\u00a0 It was demolished sometime before the 1940s but the grounds included a large lake, which is now Whitley reservoir.\u00a0 The name means \u2018white clearing or meadow\u2019 from the Old English hw\u012bt <\/em>+ l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em>, but why the place was described as \u2018white\u2019 is uncertain.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITTAKER<\/strong> is a village south-east of Littleborough <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale <\/strong>that gives its name to Whittaker Woods, a 4.65-hectare area of woodland, and to Whittaker Spout Gutter, a stream which rises to the east and flows west to join Shore Lane Brook<\/strong>, which ultimately flows into Hollingworth Lake<\/strong>.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>The name is not well documented but literally means \u2018white field\u2019 from Old English hw\u012bt <\/em>+ \u00e6cer<\/em>.\u00a0\u00a0 Whittaker Spout Gutter is more complex:\u00a0 Spout<\/em> comes from Middle English spoute<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018spout, spring\u2019) and Gutter<\/em> could come either from Old English gota<\/em> (\u2018water course, stream\u2019) or Middle English goter<\/em> (\u2018small brook, channel\u2019, from the Old French gutiere<\/em>).\u00a0 This is the only occurrence of gutter<\/em> in Greater Manchester<\/strong>, but it is more common in Lancashire<\/strong>:\u00a0 the Ribble\/Douglas <\/strong>rivers have six tributaries including gutter<\/em> as an element in their name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITTLE HILL <\/strong>is a residential area of Egerton <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the 470-metre high hill nearby.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1292 as Quitful<\/em> and with its modern spelling in 1612.\u00a0 It means \u2018white or bright hill\u2019 from the Old English hwit<\/em> + hyll<\/em>.\u00a0 Over time, the second element (hill<\/em>) was reduced to –le<\/em>, and so the meaning was reduplicated by adding another \u2018Hill\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITWORTH PARK <\/strong>is a public park with an art gallery south of Manchester <\/strong>city centre.\u00a0 The park and Whitworth Art Gallery were laid out on land purchased from the will of Sir Joseph Whitworth <\/em>(1803-1887), the engineer known for his standard screw threads.\u00a0 The park and gallery were donated to the City of Manchester and opened in 1890.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WICHEAVES<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0See<\/em> PEEL<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WICKENS BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises north of Pobgreen<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows through Wickens Clough to meet the Tame south of Uppermill<\/strong>.\u00a0 Wickens<\/em> and Wickens Clough<\/em> are recorded in 1725 and the name means \u2018wiggin or mountain ash trees\u2019 from Old English cwicen<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WIGAN <\/strong>is a town on the River Douglas <\/strong>and, since 1974, a metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1199 as Wigan<\/strong> and is probably an eponym meaning \u2018the dwelling or homestead of Wigan\u2019, from the Celtic personal name Wigan<\/em>.\u00a0 An alternative possibility is that it is from the Old English wicum<\/em>, meaning \u2018at the dwellings\u2019.\u00a0 According to folk etymology, the town\u2019s name is derived from the wiggin <\/em>tree, a variant of the rowan or mountain ash, and a wiggin tree is included on Wigan\u2019s coat of arms.\u00a0 \u2018Wiggin\u2019 is a dialect variant of Middle English quiken<\/em>, which is also found in Wickenlow in Lancashire<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WIGAN FLASHES NATURE RESERVE <\/strong>is a 260-hectare country park in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> that forms one of the 8 sites of the Flashes of Wigan and Leigh<\/strong>.\u00a0 It consists of seven wetlands mostly formed by the subsidence of colliery workings at the turn of the 20th<\/sup> century – Bryn Marsh<\/strong>, Horrocks’ Flash<\/strong>, Ochre Flash<\/strong>, Pearson’s Flash<\/strong>, Scotman’s Flash<\/strong>, Turner’s Flash<\/strong> and Westwood Flash<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened as a nature reserve and site of special scientific interest in 2022. \u00a0A flash<\/em> is a mining term for a lake formed by subsidence (a meaning not included in the Oxford English Dictionary<\/em>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WIGAN PIER <\/strong>was originally a wharf on the Leeds & Liverpool Canal in Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was probably built sometime in the 18th<\/sup> century, when the main meaning of the word pier<\/em> was an industrial wharf or jetty rather than an entertainment facility built by the sea.\u00a0 Wigan Pier became a music-hall joke and featured in a song by George Formby, as well as the title of George Orwell\u2019s The Road to Wigan Pier<\/em>, a 1937 study of the social conditions of Lancashire\u2019s working classes.\u00a0 Orwell explained the joke:\u00a0 \u2018At one time, on one of the muddy little canals that run round the town, there used to be a tumble-down wooden jetty; and by way of a joke someone nicknamed this Wigan Pier. The joke caught on locally, and then the music-hall<\/a> comedians got hold of it, and they are the ones who have succeeded in keeping Wigan Pier alive as a byword\u2019. \u00a0The original Wigan Pier was demolished in about 1929 but nearby warehouses continued in use.\u00a0 In the 1980s they were converted into a museum of Victorian life but this closed in 2007 and current plans are to convert the buildings of Wigan Pier and Eckersley Mill <\/strong>for residential, retail and entertainment use.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WILBRAHAM ROAD<\/strong> is a long road in Chorlton-cum-Hardy<\/strong> and Fallowfield<\/strong> in south Manchester<\/strong>, originally built in the 1860s with large houses.\u00a0 It was named after Wilbraham<\/em> Egerton<\/strong> (1832-1909) of Tatton Park<\/strong>, who was MP for North Cheshire and the second chairman of the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WILDERSWOOD<\/strong> is a 9.7-hectare woodland north east of Horwich<\/strong> and south of Wilders Moor in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1322 as Wilderhirst<\/em>, from Old English wilder<\/em>, meaning \u2018wild animal, especially a deer\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WILDHOUSE<\/strong> is an area in Butterworth<\/strong> in south-eastern Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 A property called \u2018Wyld House\u2019 is recorded in the area in the late 15th<\/sup> century, its name literally meaning the house or home of the Wyld <\/em>or Wylde <\/em>family, who are known to have lived in the area since the late 13th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WILL BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> which rises on Rocher<\/strong> Moss in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows west through Will Clough to join Brun Brook<\/strong>, which then flows into the Tame as Diggle<\/strong> Brook.\u00a0 The name and its origin seem to be undated and undocumented.\u00a0 Possible derivations are Old English wilig <\/em>(\u2018the stream beside willow<\/em> trees\u2019) or wylla\/wyll<\/em> (\u2018the stream that comes from a well<\/em> or spring\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WILLOWS <\/strong>is a residential area north of Daubhill <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton <\/strong>dating from the 1930s.\u00a0 It takes its name from the nearby Willows Lane<\/em>, which is recorded in 1762 as part of the St Helens to Bolton turnpike.\u00a0 The lane also formed the boundary between Bolton and Rumworth<\/strong>.\u00a0 Willow comes from the Old English wilig<\/em> or welig<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WILSON BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises as Godley<\/strong> Brook and flows west and then south to join the Tame in Hyde<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>. The name is recorded in 1800, when the Ashton family operated a mill at Godley beside Wilson Brook.\u00a0 The name is thought to be an eponym, perhaps from the local Wilson-Patten<\/em> family, one of whom, John Wilson-Patten (1802-1892) was MP for Lancashire<\/strong> and, later, North Lancashire from 1830 to 1874.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WINCE BROOK<\/strong> is a 5.1-kilometre tributary of the River Irk<\/strong> which rises south of Middleton Junction<\/strong> and flows north east to join the Irk in Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the mid-19th<\/sup> century but it is known that it was formerly called Wink\u2019s Brook.\u00a0 The name probably means either \u2018a swiftly moving brook\u2019, from Middle English wincen<\/em> (\u2018to turn or move swiftly\u2019), or \u2018sharply-turning brook\u2019, from Old English wince\/wincel<\/em> (\u2018sharp bend, corner\u2019).\u00a0 The brook lends its name to Wince Brook Nature Reserve, which has been established since 2011.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WINDLEHURST <\/strong>is a small village south of Marple<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1759 with its modern spelling and means \u2018wooded hill where coarse grass grows\u2019, from the Middle English windle<\/em> (shortened from windel-str<\/em>\u0113aw<\/em>, meaning \u2018coarse grass used for making windles or woven baskets\u2019) + hyrst<\/em> (\u2018wooded hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WINDSOR <\/strong>is an area of Pendleton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>, although the name seems to be falling out of use.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the end of the 18th<\/sup> century, when Windsor Wharf was built, the Windsor Castle pub was opened in 1791, a road bridge was built over the Manchester Bolton and Bury Canal, and the New Windsor chapel was opened in 1797.\u00a0 The area seems to have originally been called \u2018New Windsor\u2019 and the name was transferred from Windsor<\/em> in Berkshire, the name of which means \u2018a slope with a windlass\u2019, from the Old English windels<\/em> (\u2018winding-gear, a winch, a windlass\u2019) + \u014dra<\/em> (\u2018a slope, shore\u2019). \u00a0Adopting the name of a fashionable or affluent town in the south of England was especially popular in the 1790s as a process of gentrification.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WINDY ARBOUR<\/strong> or WINDY HARBOUR <\/strong>is, with various spellings, found in several parts of England.\u00a0 There are two in Greater Manchester<\/strong>:\u00a0 Windy Arbour<\/strong>, a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, south-west of Wigan itself, and Windy Harbour<\/strong>, a location east of Diggle<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The meaning in each case is \u2018windy shelter\u2019 or \u2018shelter from the wind’, from Old English windig <\/em>(\u2018windy\u2019) + here-beorg<\/em> (\u2018shelter\u2019).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 It used to be thought that the reference was to a resting place for legionnaires along a Roman road, but this theory has been challenged and it may refer simply to an exposed shelter.\u00a0 It seems that Windy Arbour in Wigan is not close to any Roman road, but Windy Arbour near Diggle is on the route of the Roman road from Manchester<\/strong> to Castleshaw<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WINDY HILL <\/strong>is a 389-metre hill in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> in the South Pennines<\/strong>, close to the border with West Yorkshire<\/strong> and the traditional border between Lancashire<\/strong> and Yorkshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in the first edition of the Ordnance Survey maps of the 1840s-1850s but is almost certainly much older.\u00a0 The name is quite literal:\u00a0 an exposed hill<\/em> well-known for its winds<\/em> and gales up to 200 kph.\u00a0 The M62 crosses the area in Windy Hill Cutting and the Pennine Way<\/strong> Footbridge crosses the cutting at the eastern end in West Yorkshire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WINGATES <\/strong>is a village north of Westhoughton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1272 as Windyates<\/em>, meaning \u2018wind gate, a gate for the wind\u2019, referring to a pass through which the wind is funnelled, from Old English wind <\/em>+ geat<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018hole, opening, gap, pass, gate or gateway\u2019).\u00a0 The village is in an area exposed to the wind.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WINNING HILL <\/strong>is now a residential area of Gorton<\/strong> in the City of Manchester <\/strong>which is also known as Ryder Brow.\u00a0 Gorton and nearby Nico Ditch<\/strong> are said to have been the site of battles between the Anglo-Saxons and the Danes in the late 9th<\/sup> and early 10th<\/sup> centuries, and it is tempting to think that the name commemorates a decisive victory.\u00a0 However, it is also possible that is it derived from the Middle English win<\/em>, in the sense of reclaiming marshland or woodland for cultivation, or whin<\/em>, meaning \u2018gorse\u2019.\u00a0 19th<\/sup> century maps also give the name Ryder Brow or Rider Brow as an alternative to Winning Hill, but the Ryder spelling seems to have been standardised with the opening of Ryder Brow railway station in 1985.\u00a0 Ryder is thought to derive from George Ryder<\/em>, who oversaw the building of Maidens\u2019 Bridge<\/strong> over Gore Brook<\/strong> in 1737.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WINSTANLEY<\/strong> is a suburb of Wigan <\/strong>that was part of Lancashire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1206 as Unstanesle<\/em> but its origin and modern spelling are more clearly seen in Wynstaneslegh,<\/em> recorded in 1252.\u00a0 The name means \u2018Wynstan\u2019s clearing in a forest\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Wynstan<\/em> + l\u0113ah<\/em>.\u00a0 The personal name may be derived from the Old English wynn<\/em> (\u2018joy\u2019) + stan<\/em> (\u2018stone\u2019) and the mediaeval village is thought to be the origin of the \u2018Winstanley\u2019 family name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WINTER HILL <\/strong>is a 457-metre-high hill in Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century as Wintyrhold<\/em> and Wintyrheld<\/em>, literally meaning \u2018winter hill\u2019 or \u2018winter slope\u2019.\u00a0 It has been suggested that the slopes (Old English -helde<\/em>) are sometimes covered with cotton grass, making it look as if they are covered in snow, even in summer.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WINTON<\/strong> is a residential area on the western edge of the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1284 as Wythynton<\/em> and as Wynton<\/em> in 1535.\u00a0 It means \u2018settlement among willow trees\u2019, from Old English withig<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018willow tree\u2019) or withigen\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018growing with willows\u2019) + t\u016bn <\/em>(\u2018enclosure, village\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WITHINGTON<\/strong> is a suburb of Manchester<\/strong>, 6.5 kilometres south of the city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1212 as Withington<\/em>, from Old English withig<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018willow tree\u2019) or withigen\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018growing with willows\u2019) + t\u016bn <\/em>(\u2018enclosure, village\u2019), one of many places named after the willows that once grew there.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WODEN FOOTBRIDGE <\/strong>or WODEN STREET BRIDGE <\/strong>over the River Irwell<\/strong> between Ordsall<\/strong> in Salford<\/strong> and Cornbrook <\/strong>in Manchester<\/strong> was built in 1873 on the site of Woden\u2019s Ford<\/em>, an ancient crossing point that took the Roman road from Manchester to Wigan<\/strong> over the river.\u00a0 The ford took its name from the nearby Woden\u2019s Den, a cave in the sandstone river bank that was said to be a temple to the Saxon god Woden<\/em>, and later a Christian hermitage.\u00a0 The cave was destroyed in 1808 as its owner wanted to prevent travellers from visiting it for luck before crossing the river.\u00a0 The bridge is also known as \u2018Mark Addy\u2019s Bridge\u2019 after Mark Addy (1838-1890), a Salford innkeeper and champion rower who was awarded the Albert Medal (forerunner of the George Cross) for rescuing 50 people from the Irwell.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOLSTENHOLME <\/strong>is a residential area west of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1180 as Wolstonholme<\/em>, an eponym meaning \u2018Wulfstan<\/em>\u2019s raised land in a swampy area\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + Old Norse holmr.<\/em>\u00a0 Earlier suggestions that the name is derived from the Old English for \u2018wolf\u2019 are now discounted.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOMANSCROFT<\/strong> is a locality in north-east Bramhall<\/strong> close to Bramhall Green<\/strong> and Happy Valley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 Womanscroft Bridge across the Ladybrook<\/strong> was built in 1931 and replaced one from the early 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 However, an earlier bridge is recorded in 1637, when a landowning woman <\/em>who \u2018had a house with a small croft<\/em> and toft\u2019 was given certain legal rights, including being a juror and being \u2018exempt from the burden of repairing the bridge over Lady Brook, known as the Woman\u2019s Croft bridge\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODBANK MEMORIAL PARK <\/strong>is a 20-hectare public park in Offerton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> overlooking the River Goyt<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Woodbank Farm<\/em>, which was purchased in 1812 by Peter Marsland, a local cotton manufacturer who built an estate and villa on the land.\u00a0 In 1920 these were sold to Sir Thomas Rowbotham, who donated the land to Stockport Council as a war memorial<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODEND <\/strong>or WOOD END <\/strong>is a common place name across England and Greater<\/strong> Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is usually literal:\u00a0 \u2018where the wood <\/em>(Old English wudu<\/em>) ends<\/em> (ende<\/em>)\u2019 or \u2018the place at the end<\/em> of the wood<\/em>\u2019.\u00a0 Woodend Mill in Mossley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> was built in 1830-40 but the settlement and its name may be older.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODFORD<\/strong> is a village outside of Stockport<\/strong> that was in Cheshire <\/strong>until 1974.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1248 as Widford<\/em> and with its modern spelling from 1430.\u00a0 It means \u2018the ford<\/em> in or by a wood<\/em>\u2019 from the Old English wudu<\/em> + ford<\/em>, and refers to a crossing of the River Dean<\/strong> in a forest.\u00a0 Woodford Aerodrome was opened by the aircraft manufacturer Avro in 1924 and closed in August 2011.\u00a0 Part of the former airfield now houses the Avro Heritage Museum<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODGATE HILL <\/strong>is a residential area north-east of Bury<\/strong> town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in parish registers in 1766 and means \u2018the hill<\/em> (Old English hyll<\/em>) by a road (Old Norse gata<\/em>) through a wood<\/em> (Old English wudu<\/em>)\u2019, presumably referring to its position at the junction of Bell Lane\/Rochdale Old Road and Castle Hill Road.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODHEYS<\/strong> HALL<\/strong> is a housing development in Ashton upon Mersey<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The estate dates from 1931 but the Woodheys name, meaning \u2018wood enclosures\u2019 from the Old English wudu<\/em> + h<\/em>\u00e6g<\/em>, is recorded in 1831.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODHEYS PARK<\/strong> is a 7.5-hectare public park in west Timperley<\/strong> north of Sinderland <\/strong>Brook in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in the 1970s on land that was formerly Woodheys Farm<\/em>.\u00a0 The farm was recorded on the 1831 Ordnance Survey map of the area and means \u2018wood enclosures\u2019, from the Old English wudu<\/em> + h<\/em>\u00e6g.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODHILL <\/strong>and WOODHILL FOLD <\/strong>are residential areas north-west of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1563 as Wyddell<\/em>, meaning \u2018wide nook of land\u2019, from the Old English w<\/em>\u012bd<\/em> + halh<\/em>, referring to a meander in the nearby River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 Over time, the name was rationalised to \u2018Woodhill\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODHOUSE GREEN\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> WOODHOUSES, Oldham<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODHOUSE LANE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Spodden<\/strong> which rises on Rooley Moor<\/strong> west of Catley Lane<\/strong> Head<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and flows north and east to join the Spodden in Broadley in Rossendale in Lancashire.<\/strong>\u00a0 It takes its name from Woodhouse Lane<\/em>, which runs parallel with it in the early part of its course.\u00a0 A house named Woodhouse<\/em> is recorded in the area in 1709.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODHOUSE PARK<\/strong>\u00a0is a residential area on the southern edge of Wythenshawe<\/strong>\u00a0in south Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was formerly a \u2018gentleman\u2019s residence\u2019 with its own grounds but it was purchased by Manchester Corporation in 1949 and developed for housing and recreational areas.\u00a0 Woodhouse<\/em> is recorded in 1675 and literally means \u2018the house in or by the woods\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODHOUSES, Oldham, <\/strong>is an area south-east of Failsworth<\/strong>, about 8 kilometres north-east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 It is recorded before 1390 as Woodheyes<\/em>, meaning \u2018an enclosure surrounded by woods\u2019, from Old English wudu <\/em>(\u2018wood, forest\u2019) + haga<\/em> (\u2019enclosure, property\u2019).\u00a0 The original meaning probably became forgotten and the name was rationalised to \u2018Woodhouses\u2019.\u00a0 The village of Bottom of Woodhouses is located south-west of Woodhouses.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODHOUSES, Trafford, <\/strong>is a residential area north-west of Timperley <\/strong>and north of Sinderland <\/strong>Brook.\u00a0 The name probably comes from Woodhouses Lane<\/em>, a road which (with various name changes) connects to Dunham Woodhouses<\/strong>.\u00a0 The original name meant \u2018houses in a wood\u2019, from Old English wudu<\/em> + h<\/em>\u016bs<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODLANDS <\/strong>is a residential area north-west of Mottram in Longdendale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area takes its name from Woodlands<\/em>, a country house built in the late 1850s or 1860s by Robert Platt (1802-1882), a local mill owner and philanthropist.\u00a0 The name seems to be a modern descriptive coinage.\u00a0 Platt and his wife later rented Dunham Massey<\/strong> before purchasing Dean Water, a house built in 1837 beside the River Dean<\/strong> in Woodford<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODLEY<\/strong> is a suburb of Stockport<\/strong>, north-east of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1326 as Wodley <\/em>or Wodlegh<\/em> and with its modern spelling from 1615.\u00a0 It means \u2018clearing in the wood\u2019 from Old English wudu<\/em> + l\u0113ah<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOOD PARK <\/strong>or WOODPARK <\/strong>is a rural and recreational area west of Bardsley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is descriptive and is recorded from 1860, referring to Woodpark Colliery, Wood Park Farm and Wood Park Clough.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODS END<\/strong> or WOODSEND <\/strong>is an area north-west of Flixton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1818 as Woodsend Farm<\/em> and it has been suggested that it was located at the end<\/em> of a road from an area known as Wood<\/em>, but this cannot be confirmed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODSMOOR<\/strong> or WOODS MOOR<\/strong> is a suburb of Stockport<\/strong>, which was part of Cheshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 In the early 14th<\/sup> century the area was known as Snibbs Moor, from Snibb<\/em>, another word for bog.\u00a0 However, it is also known that it was wooded in mediaeval times, so that Woods Moor, first recorded in 1764, probably means \u2018the woods by the moor\u2019.\u00a0 Until the late 19th<\/sup> century, the area was known as Charlestown<\/strong>, probably after a Bramhall<\/strong> farmer named Charles<\/em> Croft who died in 1792.\u00a0 A map of 1830 shows both Charlesworth and Woods Moor but the name survives today only as Charlestown Road, which leads to what is now Woodsmoor.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOOLDEN <\/strong>is a rural area north-west of Cadishead<\/strong> alongside the Glaze Brook<\/strong> valley in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 In the past, Great Woolden and Little Woolden were mosses that formed part of Chat Moss<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1299 as Vuleden<\/em>, probably from the Old English wulf<\/em> + denu<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019), so that the meaning might be \u2018valley of the wolves\u2019.\u00a0 Great Woolden is an Iron Age roundhouse site and Little Woolden Moss forms part of Cadishead and Little Woolden Moss Nature Reserve.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOOLFOLD<\/strong> is a residential area south-east of Tottington<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before about 1840, when dye works had already been established there.\u00a0 The area is particularly noted for Woolfold Viaduct, which was originally built in 1882 to carry the Bury & Tottington District Railway over Kirklees Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was demolished in 1974 but replaced with a new viaduct for walkers and cyclists in 2012.\u00a0 Early forms of the name are not recorded but, given the history of wool textiles in the Bury area, it seems likely that it is derived from Old English wull <\/em>(\u2018wool\u2019) + fald<\/em> (\u2018a small enclosure for animals, a small herding settlement\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOOLLEY BRIDGE <\/strong>is a small residential area on the edge of Hollingworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1286 as Woleg <\/em>and as Woolley<\/em> from 1400.\u00a0 The first record with Bridge<\/em> is 1842.\u00a0 It means \u2018clearing of wolves\u2019, from Old English wulf<\/em> + l\u0113ah.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WORSLEY <\/strong>is a village in the City of Salford<\/strong> about 10 kilometres west of the centre of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The Bridgewater Canal<\/strong> originally terminated at Worsley when it was opened in 1761 but it was later extended westward to Runcorn in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1196 as Werkesleia<\/em>, meaning \u2018the woodland or clearing (Old English -l\u0113ah<\/em>) belonging to a woman called Weorcg\u04efth <\/em>or a man called Weorch\u00e6th<\/em>\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WORSLEY HALL <\/strong>is a residential area west of Wigan<\/strong> built after World War II on the site of a country house or hall <\/em>that probably dated from the 18th century.\u00a0 Details of the house, its name and its owners are sparse \u2013 it was probably built by a family called Worsley<\/em>, but with no connection with Worsley <\/strong>or Worsley Hall in Salford<\/strong>, and demolished in the late 19th<\/sup> or early 20th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WORSLEY MESNES <\/strong>is a suburb of Wigan<\/strong>, south of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but it can be traced back at least as far as the 17th<\/sup> century, when a country house with this name is recorded.\u00a0 It consists of three elements.\u00a0 The third is from the Anglo-Norman demesnes<\/em>, meaning \u2018the domain or manor of\u2019 a particular landowner.\u00a0 The first and second are presumably far older, coming from the Old English Anglo-Saxon personal name Weorcg\u04efth<\/em> + -l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018clearing\u2019).\u00a0 The area includes Mesnes Park, a large public park opened in 1927.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WORTHINGTON<\/strong> is a thinly-populated area about 6.5 kilometres north of Wigan<\/strong> which also gives its name to the three Worthington Lakes reservoirs and Worthington Lakes Country Park.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1210 as Worthinton<\/em>, an eponym meaning \u2018Worth<\/em>\u2019s village\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + ing<\/em> (\u2018named after, belonging to\u2019) + t\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018enclosure, village\u2019).\u00a0 The three reservoirs are fed by the River Douglas<\/strong> and were built in the mid-19th<\/sup> century to supply Wigan and now form part of the 20-hectare country park.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WORTHINGTON PARK<\/strong> is a 6.5-hectare public park in Sale <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 At the end of the 19th<\/sup> century the local authority wanted to develop a public park in Sale to celebrate Queen Victoria<\/strong>\u2019s diamond jubilee but the funding was not approved.\u00a0 However, Mary Worthington<\/em> of Sale Old Hall provided the funding and on 30 June 1900 she opened the park, which was named Sale Park.\u00a0 In 1950, 50 years after the park was opened, it was renamed in her memory Mary Worthington.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WRIGLEY BROOK <\/strong>is a short, culverted tributary of the River Roch<\/strong> that rises south of Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and flows northwards to its confluence with the Roch at Bottom o\u2019 th\u2019 Brow<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1777, when it powered Wrigley Brook Mill, the first cotton mill in Heywood.\u00a0 The name comes from the Wrigley<\/em> family, who were prominent in the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong> and Hopwood in south-east Lancashire <\/strong>from the 15th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WUERDLE <\/strong>is a residential area west of Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1180 as Werdull<\/em>, possibly meaning \u2018the clearing where troops are stationed\u2019, from Old English weorod<\/em> (\u2018army\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (wood, clearing\u2019).\u00a0 Nearby Wardle<\/strong> means \u2018look-out hill\u2019 and it has been suggested that the troops keeping watch on Wardle Hill were stationed in Wuerdle.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WYTHENSHAWE<\/strong> is today a district in south Manchester <\/strong>which was formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 <\/strong>\u00a0The name is recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century as Witenscawe <\/em>and with its modern spelling in 1548.\u00a0 It means \u2018willow copse\u2019, from the Old English w\u012bthign <\/em>(\u2018withy tree, willow\u2019) + sceaga <\/em>(\u2018copse, small wood\u2019).\u00a0 The name originally applied only to a country house dating from about 1540 called Wythenshawe Hall, but in 1925 this was purchased, along with 100 hectares of farmland, by Ernest Simon (son of Henry Simon<\/strong>) and Shena Simon<\/strong>, and donated to the City of Manchester.\u00a0 The City then purchased an additional 1000 hectares in 1926 to build a garden city.\u00a0 In 1931, the whole area was transferred to the City of Manchester and collectively became known as \u2018Wythenshawe\u2019.\u00a0 In the 1930s it was the location for large-scale development, forming a council housing estate over 2000 hectares in area \u2013 the largest in Europe at the time.\u00a0 Over time, the Wythenshawe estate absorbed several of the farms and hamlets in the area \u2013 Baguley,<\/strong> Brooklands<\/strong>, Northenden<\/strong>, Sharston<\/strong> and Woodhouse Park<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Y<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
YELLOW BROOK<\/strong> is a stream which rises in Haigh <\/strong>Woodland Park and flows west to join the River Douglas<\/strong> in Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from its yellow<\/em> colour, which comes from the iron in the water as it drains from mine workings.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
YEOMAN HEY RESERVOIR <\/strong>is one of four reservoirs in the Peak District<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> fed by Greenfield<\/strong> Brook and supplying water to the towns of what is now Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The four are Yeoman Hey, completed in 1880, Greenfield <\/strong>(1902), Chew<\/strong> (1912) and Dove Stone<\/strong> (1968).\u00a0 Yeoman Hey is said to take its name from Yeoman Hey Cottage<\/em>, a late 18th<\/sup> century stone cottage that is now a listed building, but the origin of the name is uncertain.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
YEW TREE <\/strong>is a residential area of Dukinfield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1830, when it was described as \u2018an old farm named after a huge old yew that grew beside it\u2019.\u00a0\u00a0 The name \u2018yew\u2019 is derived from the Old English \u012bw<\/em> or \u0113ow<\/em>.\u00a0 Yews are the oldest trees in England but relatively few places are named after them (but see Yorkshire<\/strong>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
YORKSHIRE <\/strong>is the traditional name for the county in north-east England that was previously divided into three Ridings (i.e. thirdings) \u2013 North, East and West.\u00a0 In 1974, it was divided into four counties \u2013 North Yorkshire, East Yorkshire, South Yorkshire and West Yorkshire<\/strong> \u2013 although some parts of Saddleworth<\/strong> in West Yorkshire are now administered as part of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 Yorkshire is derived from the city of York<\/em> + Old English sc<\/em>\u012br<\/em> (\u2018district\u2019).\u00a0 York itself dates from about AD 150 and probably means \u2018place of the yew trees\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS & SOURCES<\/strong><\/p>\n

This book has largely been compiled through extensive desk research \u2013 gathering the work of earlier scholars rather than carrying out any original field or documentary research.\u00a0 The works of the standard authors on the place names of Britain and north-west England over the past 150 years have all been consulted.\u00a0 These are listed below and I readily acknowledge my great debt to them.\u00a0 However, many smaller and more recently-named places are not included in these books and so I have spent countless hours searching countless websites to explore such place names.\u00a0 Especially useful were those of the many local historians, archaeologists and conservationists who have researched the place names of Greater Manchester in great detail and depth.\u00a0 This is not intended to be a scholarly reference work and these websites are too numerous to list here, but particular mention should be made of the following:\u00a0 Aidan O’Rourke, Allan Russell, Andrew Simpson, the Bolton News<\/em>, British History Online; the English Dialect Dictionary<\/em>, the English Place Name Society, the Gazetteer of British Place Names, the Greater Manchester Archaeological Advisory Service, Grace\u2019s Guide<\/em>, the Lancashire Online Parish project, the Manchester Evening News<\/em>, National Heritage List for England<\/a>, the Oxford English Dictionary<\/em>, Saddleworth Historical Society Bulletin, Surname DB, Wikipedia<\/em>.<\/p>\n

It might be expected that AI would have been a major tool in the compiling of this dictionary, but in fact AI proved to be of very limited use.\u00a0 Various AI tools were used to collect and check basic factual information, but they proved of limited use in the research and drafting of entries.\u00a0 It was found that AI not only offered little evidence as to the origin of place names, but theories and suggestions were often geographically, historically or linguistically incorrect.\u00a0 In extreme cases, AI tools offered absurd \u2018facts\u2019- that Peel Causeway, for example, stretched from north Cheshire across the Irish Sea to Peel on the Isle of Man!\u00a0 In other cases, alternative or even contradictory suggestions were made by the same AI tool at different times.\u00a0 AI, it seems, has some way to go before it can be a reliable aid in place-name research.<\/p>\n

I should particularly like to thank Dr Ann Cole, Dr Wendy Scarlin and Judith Fell for scrutinizing and correcting the original text, and for their invaluable advice and contributions.\u00a0 All errors and omissions are my own responsibility.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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Ashworth, Geoffrey<\/td>\n2023<\/td>\nThe Lost Rivers of Manchester<\/em><\/td>\nAltrincham:\u00a0 Willow Publishing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Baines, Edward<\/td>\n1888<\/td>\nThe History of the County Palatine and <\/em><\/p>\n

Duchy of Lancaster<\/em><\/td>\n

Manchester:\u00a0 John Heywood<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Billington, W D<\/td>\n1982<\/td>\nFrom Affetside to Yarrow:\u00a0 Bolton Place Names and their History<\/em><\/td>\nBolton:\u00a0 Ron Anderson Publications<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bradshaw, L D<\/td>\n1985<\/td>\nOrigins of Street Names in the City Centre of Manchester<\/em><\/td>\nManchester:\u00a0 Neil Richardson<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buckley, Mike<\/td>\n2017<\/td>\n\u2018The origins and evolution of a Pennine township:\u00a0 medieval and early modern settlement in Saddleworth\u2019, chapter 11 of Smith, Nigel (ed), History of the South Pennines:\u00a0 the legacy of Alan Petford<\/em>,<\/td>\nHebden Bridge:\u00a0 Local History Society<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cameron, Kenneth<\/td>\n1959<\/td>\nThe Place Names of Derbyshire, Part I<\/em><\/td>\nCambridge:\u00a0 University Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cole, E Ann<\/td>\n2015<\/td>\nPlants, Place Names and Habitats<\/td>\nAshmolean Natural History Society Journal<\/em>, vol 6, pp. 94-102<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Clark, David<\/td>\n1973<\/td>\nGreater Manchester Votes:\u00a0 A Guide to the New Metropolitan Authorities<\/em><\/td>\nStockport:\u00a0 Redrose<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Crosby, Alan G<\/td>\n2010<\/td>\nUnofficial place-names in nineteenth- and twentieth-century South Lancashire<\/td>\nNomina<\/em> 33, pp. 45\u201364<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2019<\/td>\nPlace-names and the medieval landscape in the Manchester area<\/td>\nManchester Memoirs, <\/em>157, pp.55-64<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Defoe, Daniel<\/td>\n1724-26\/ 1991<\/td>\nA Tour Through the Whole Island of Great Britain<\/em><\/td>\nNew Haven:\u00a0 Yale University Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Dodgson, J McN<\/td>\n<\/td>\nThe Place Names of Cheshire<\/em><\/td>\nCambridge:\u00a0 University Press\/English Place-Name Society<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1970a<\/td>\nPart I\u00a0 Macclesfield Hundred<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1970b<\/td>\nPart II Bucklow and Northwich Hundreds<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1981<\/td>\nPart V 1:i\u00a0 City of Chester; the Elements of Cheshire Place-Names A-Gylden<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1981<\/td>\nPart V 1:ii\u00a0 The Elements of Cheshire Place-Names Haca-Yolden<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1997<\/td>\nPart V 2\u00a0 Introduction, Linguistic Notes and Indexes<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ekwall, Eilert<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n

1922\/2019<\/td>\nThe Place-Names of Lancashire<\/em><\/td>\nManchester:\u00a0 University Press (Alpha Editions)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n1960<\/td>\nThe Concise Oxford Dictionary of Place Names<\/em>, 4th<\/sup> edition<\/td>\nOxford:\u00a0 Clarendon Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Engels, Friedrich<\/td>\n1845\/1987<\/td>\nThe Condition of the Working Class in England<\/em><\/td>\nLondon:\u00a0 Penguin Books<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fiennes, Celia<\/td>\nc.1682-c.1712\/1984<\/td>\nThe Illustrated Journeys of Celia Fiennes<\/em><\/td>\nLondon:\u00a0 Macdonald & Co.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Francis, James F<\/td>\n2004<\/td>\nHarwood Hill Farms and Riding Gate<\/em><\/td>\nTurton Local History Society<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Frangopulo, N J<\/td>\n1977<\/td>\nTradition in Action \u2013 The Historical Evolution of the Greater Manchester County<\/em><\/td>\nWakefield:\u00a0 EP Publishing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Garmonsway, G N (translator)<\/td>\n1953<\/td>\nThe Anglo-Saxon Chronicle<\/em><\/td>\nLetchworth:\u00a0 Aldine Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Gelling, Margaret<\/td>\n1994<\/td>\nPlace-names in the Landscape<\/em><\/td>\nLondon:\u00a0 J M Dent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1997<\/td>\nSignposts to the Past<\/em><\/td>\nChichester:\u00a0 Phillimore<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Gelling, M & Ann Cole<\/td>\n2000<\/td>\nThe Landscape of Place Names<\/em><\/td>\nStamford:\u00a0 Shaun Tyas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Goodall, Armitage<\/td>\n1913<\/td>\nPlace-Names of South-West Yorkshire<\/em><\/td>\nCambridge:\u00a0 University Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Harland, John (ed)<\/td>\n1862<\/td>\nMamecestre:\u00a0 being chapters from the early recorded history of the Barony of Manchester<\/em><\/td>\nChetham Society, vol III<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Insley, John<\/td>\n1986<\/td>\nToponymy and Settlements in the North West<\/td>\nNomina<\/em> 10, pp. 169-76<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n2022<\/td>\nEilert Ekwall and Lancashire Place Names<\/td>\nLancashire Place Name Survey Newsletter<\/em>, September 2022, pp3-10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Johnston, James<\/td>\n1915<\/td>\nThe Place-Names of England and Wales<\/em><\/td>\nLondon:\u00a0 John Murray<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kenyon, Denise<\/td>\n1991<\/td>\nThe Origins of Lancashire<\/em><\/td>\nManchester:\u00a0 University Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Leech, Geoffrey<\/td>\n2006<\/td>\nThe unique heritage of place-names in North-West England<\/em><\/td>\nhttps:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk<\/a> > leechg > leech_2006<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lewis, William<\/td>\n2011<\/td>\nWhat\u2019s in an English Place-Name?<\/em><\/td>\nAbingdon:\u00a0 Brazen Head Publishing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
March, Henry Colley<\/td>\n1880<\/td>\nEast Lancashire Nomenclature and Rochdale Names<\/em><\/td>\nLondon:\u00a0 Simpkin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mikes, George<\/td>\n1946<\/td>\nHow to be an Alien<\/em><\/td>\nLondon:\u00a0 Penguin Books<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Miller, David<\/td>\n2018\/2022<\/td>\nAltrincham Area History<\/em><\/td>\nhttps:\/\/www.altrinchamheritage.com<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mills, David<\/td>\n1976<\/td>\nThe Place Names of Lancashire<\/em><\/td>\nLondon:\u00a0 B T Batsford<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mills, A D<\/td>\n1991<\/td>\nA Dictionary of English Place Names<\/em><\/td>\nOxford:\u00a0 University Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Moorman, F W<\/td>\n1910<\/td>\nPlace-Names of the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/em><\/td>\nLeeds:\u00a0 Thoresby Society<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mullineux, C Elsie & Frank Mullineux<\/td>\n1990<\/td>\nOrigins of Street Names \u2013 Worsley and Little Hulton<\/em><\/td>\nLittle Hulton:\u00a0 Streetgate Printing and Stationery<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Parkinson-Bailey, John<\/td>\n2000<\/td>\nManchester \u2013 An Architectural History<\/em><\/td>\nManchester:\u00a0 University Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Potter, Simeon<\/td>\n1955<\/td>\nCheshire Place Names<\/em><\/td>\nLiverpool:\u00a0 Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Potter, Simeon<\/td>\n1959<\/td>\nSouth-West Lancashire Place-Names<\/em><\/td>\nLiverpool:\u00a0 Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire, vol III, pages 1-23<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Poulton-Smith, Anthony<\/td>\n2012<\/td>\nCheshire Place Names<\/em><\/td>\nRoss-on-Wye:\u00a0 Fineleaf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Reaney, P H<\/td>\n1964<\/td>\nThe Origin of English Place Names<\/em><\/td>\nLondon:\u00a0 Routledge & Kegan Paul<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Room, Adrian<\/td>\n1988\/1993<\/td>\nDictionary of Place-Names of the British Isles<\/em><\/td>\nLeicester:\u00a0 Bookmart<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n1985<\/td>\nA Concise Dictionary of Modern Place Names in Great Britain and Ireland<\/em><\/td>\nOxford:\u00a0 Oxford University Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n1989<\/td>\nDictionary of World Place Names Derived from British Names<\/em><\/td>\nLondon:\u00a0 Routledge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Royle, William<\/td>\n1914<\/td>\nHistory of Rusholme<\/em><\/td>\nManchester:\u00a0 William Morris Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sephton, J<\/td>\n1913<\/td>\nA Handbook of Lancashire Place-Names<\/em><\/td>\nLiverpool:\u00a0 H Young & Sons<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Slater, Terry R<\/td>\n2004<\/td>\nPlanning English medieval \u2018street towns\u2019: the Hertfordshire evidence <\/em><\/td>\nhttps:\/\/www.researchgate.net \u203a publication \u203a 27174965…<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Stewart, George R<\/td>\n1970<\/td>\nA Concise Dictionary of American Place-Names<\/em><\/td>\nNew York:\u00a0 Oxford University Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sussex, Gay, Peter Helm & Andrew Brown<\/td>\n1987<\/td>\nLooking Back at Levenshulme and Burnage<\/em><\/td>\nAltrincham:\u00a0 Willow Publishing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Smith, A H<\/td>\n1956a<\/td>\nEnglish Place-Name Elements, Part I<\/em><\/td>\nCambridge:\u00a0 University Press\/English Place-Name Society<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1956b<\/td>\nEnglish Place-Name Elements, Part II<\/em><\/td>\nCambridge:\u00a0 University Press\/English Place-Name Society<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1986<\/td>\nThe Place-Names of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Part II\u00a0 Osgoldcross and Agbrigg Wapentakes<\/em><\/td>\nCambridge:\u00a0 University Press\/English Place-Name Society<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Swain, N V<\/td>\n1987<\/td>\nA History of Sale<\/em><\/td>\nWilmslow:\u00a0 Sigma Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Watts, Victor<\/td>\n2004<\/td>\nThe Cambridge Dictionary of English Place-Names<\/em><\/td>\nCambridge:\u00a0 Cambridge University Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Waugh, Edwin<\/td>\n1855 & 1857<\/td>\nLancashire Sketches<\/em><\/td>\nManchester:\u00a0 John Heywood<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Wyld, Henry & T Oakes Hirst<\/td>\n1911<\/td>\nThe Place Names of Lancashire:\u00a0 their Origin and History<\/em><\/td>\nLondon:\u00a0 Constable & Co.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

APPENDIX 1:\u00a0 DOMESDAY BOOK ENTRIES FOR GREATER MANCHESTER<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Following the conquest of 1066, William I ordered a survey of the whole of England to record all settlements and properties to determine what taxes would be due.\u00a0 This was completed as the Domesday Book in 1086-1087 and recorded 13,418 places in total.\u00a0 Approximately 600 were in what are now Cheshire<\/strong> and Lancashire<\/strong>, but only 23 were in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is sometimes said that William\u2019s surveyors were less than diligent when it came to the north of England, but it is more likely that the genocidal \u2018harrying of the north\u2019 of 1069-1070, in which William\u2019s armies killed up to 150,000 people, left much of the north west \u2018waste\u2019 \u2013 uninhabited and of little value \u2013 as can be seen from many of the entries below.<\/em><\/p>\n

The overall picture is of sparsely-populated woodland and ploughed arable land, with details of the dimensions and taxable value.\u00a0 The reduced values are another indication of the effects of the harrying.\u00a0 There are several mentions of hawks\u2019 nests – a sign of the earls\u2019 love of hunting.\u00a0 <\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

BAGULEY (Bagelei) <\/strong>Ranulph and Hamo hold Sinderland Green and Baguley.\u00a0 Aleard and Sucga and Wudumannm and Pat held it as 4 manors and were free men.\u00a0 There is 1 hide paying geld.\u00a0 There is land for 1\u00bd ploughs.\u00a0 The whole is waste.\u00a0 [Before 1066] it was worth 3s.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOLTON (Bodeltun) <\/strong>6 carucates<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOWDON (Bogedone)\u00a0 <\/strong>The same Hamo holds Bowdon.\u00a0 Alweard held it and was a free man.\u00a0 There is land for 2 ploughs.\u00a0 There 2 Frenchman have 1 plough.\u00a0 There is priest and a church to which half of his hide belongs.\u00a0 There is a mill rendering 16s.\u00a0 it is worth 3s.\u00a0 It was waste and he found it so.\u00a0 <\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRAMHALL (Bramale)\u00a0 <\/strong>The same Hamo holds Bramhall.\u00a0 Brun and Hakun held it as 2 manors and were free men.\u00a0 There is 1 hide paying geld.\u00a0 There is land for 6 ploughs.\u00a0 There 1 radman and 2 villans and 2 bordars have 1 plough.\u00a0 There is woodland half a league long and as much wide, and half an enclosure, and 1 acre of meadow.\u00a0 It was worth 32s; now 5s.\u00a0 He found it waste.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BREDBURY (Bretberie) <\/strong>\u00a0The same Richard de Vernon holds Bredbury, and Wulfric holds of him, who is also a free man.\u00a0 There is one hide paying geld.\u00a0 There is land for 3 ploughs.\u00a0 There 1 radman and 6 villans and 2 bordars have 1 plough.\u00a0 There is woodland 1 league long and half a league wide and 3 enclosures and 1 hawk eyrie.\u00a0 [Before 1066] it was worth 10s; now the same.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEADLE (Cedde) <\/strong>Gamal holds Cheadle of the earl.\u00a0 His father held it as a free man.\u00a0 There are 2 hides paying geld.\u00a0 There is land for 6 ploughs.\u00a0 In desmesne is 1 plough and 2 oxmen; and 4 villans and 3 bordars with 2 ploughs.\u00a0 There is woodland 1 league long and half wide, and an enclosure and a hawk\u2019s eyrie, and 1 acre of meadow.\u00a0 It was and is worth 10s.\u00a0 The whole manor is 2 leagues long and 1 wide.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CRIMBLES (Crimeles) <\/strong>In Preston \u2026. Crimbles 1 carucate<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DUNHAM (MASSEY)<\/strong>\u00a0 (Doneham)<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0The same Hamo holds Dunham.\u00a0 Alweard held it and was a free man.\u00a0 There is 1 hide paying geld.\u00a0 There is land for 3 ploughs.\u00a0 In demesne is 1 plough and 2 oxmen, and 2 villans and 1 bordar, and 1 acre of woodland, and in the city 1 house.\u00a0 It was worth 12s; 10s.\u00a0 It was waste.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREENHALGH (> GREENMOUNT) (Greneholf) \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>In Preston \u2026 Greenhalgh 3<\/em> c<\/strong>arucates<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HALE (Hale)<\/strong>\u00a0 The same Hamo holds Hale.\u00a0 Alweard held it.\u00a0 There is 1 hide paying geld.\u00a0 There is land for 2\u00bd ploughs.\u00a0 There 3 villans with 1 radman have 2 ploughs.\u00a0 There is woodland 1 league long and a half wide, and an enclosure, and a hawk\u2019s eyrie, and half an acre of meadow.\u00a0 [Before 1066] it was worth 15s; now 12s.\u00a0 He found it waste.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLLINGWORTH (Holisurde)\u00a0 <\/strong>The earl himself holds \u2026 Hollingworth at 1 virgate.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LONGDENDALE (Langedenedale)\u00a0 <\/strong>In Longdendale \u2026 had 4 bovates of land to the geld. \u2026 The whole of Longdendale is waste. There is woodland, not for pasture but suitable for hunting.\u00a0 The whole is 8 leagues long and 4 leagues broad.\u00a0 [Before 1066] it was worth 40s.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LUDWORTH (Lodeuorde)\u00a0 <\/strong>In Ludworth Brun had 4 bovates of land.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER\u00a0 <\/strong>The Church of St Mary and the Church of St Michael held in Manchester 1 carucate of land quit of every customary due except geld.\u00a0 <\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEWTON (Neweton)\u00a0 <\/strong>In Newton Leofric and Leofnoth had 3 carucates of land to the geld.\u00a0 There is land for 5 ploughs.\u00a0 There is now 1 plough in demesne, and 13 villans and 4 bordars having 5 ploughs.\u00a0 There is a priest having 1 bordar, and 7 acres of meadow.\u00a0 There is woodland pasture 1 league long and a half broad.\u00a0 [Before 1066] worth \u00a34; now 30s.\u00a0 Ralph holds it.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORBURY (Nordberie)\u00a0 <\/strong>The same Bigod holds Norbury.\u00a0 Brun held it and was a free man.\u00a0 There is 1 hide paying geld.\u00a0 There is land for 4 ploughs.\u00a0 There is one radman with 3 bordars has 1 plough.\u00a0 There is 1 acre of meadow, woodland 5 leagues long and 3 leagues wide, and 5 enclosures there.\u00a0 It was worth 10s; now 3s.\u00a0 He found it waste.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORTHENDEN (Norwordine)\u00a0 <\/strong>\u00a0Ranulph and Bigod hold of the earl Northenden.\u00a0 Wulfgeat held it as 1 manor and was a free man.\u00a0 There is 1 hide paying geld.\u00a0 There is land for 2 ploughs.\u00a0 It is waste.\u00a0 There is a church and 2 furlongs of woodland.\u00a0 It is worth 3s.\u00a0 [Before 1066] it was worth 10s.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RADCLIFFE (Radeclive)\u00a0 <\/strong>King Edward held Radcliffe as a manor.\u00a0 There is 1 hide and another hide belonging to Salford.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROCHDALE (Recedham)\u00a0 <\/strong>Gamal, holdiomg 2 hides in Rochdale, was quit of his customs except these 6:\u00a0 housebreaking, highway robbery, breach of the king\u2019s peace, breach of a due date set by the reeve, continuance of fighting after the oath was made.\u00a0 For these he paid a fine of 40s.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROMILEY (Rumelie) <\/strong>\u00a0The earl himself holds \u2026Romiley at 1 virgate \u2026. The whole was and is waste. <\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SALFORD <\/strong>\u00a0King Edward held Salford.\u00a0 There are 3 hides and 12 carucates of waste land and forest 3 leagues long and as much broad and there are several enclosures and a hawk\u2019s eyrie\u2026. The whole manor of Salford with the hundred rendered \u00a337.4s.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SINDERLAND (Sundreland)\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>See Baguley<\/strong><\/em> above.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WARBURTON (Wareburgetune) <\/strong>\u00a0Rawn held it and was a free man.\u00a0 There is half a hide paying geld.\u00a0 There is land for 1 plough.\u00a0 There is 1 radman and 2 villans and 1 bordar with half a plough.\u00a0 It was worth 5s [before 1066]; now 2s.\u00a0 It was waste.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

APPENDIX 2:\u00a0 LOWRY LOCATIONS IN GREATER MANCHESTER <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Of all the cities in Britain, 20th<\/sup>-century Manchester is probably the best documented, largely through the work of Laurence Stephen Lowry (1887-1976).\u00a0 Lowry was born in Stretford and spent his youth in Rusholme, but the family moved to Pendlebury in 1909.\u00a0 He studied at the Manchester School of Art, where he was taught by the French Impressionist, Adolphe Valette (see<\/em> Appendix 3), and later at the Royal Technical Institute in Salford.\u00a0 Although he was recognised as an accomplished artist during his lifetime, he continued to work for a property company until his retirement in 1952.\u00a0 He moved to Mottram in Longdendale in 1948 and died in hospital in Glossop at the age of 88.<\/p>\n

Many of Lowry\u2019s works are \u2018composites\u2019, combining elements from different places with imaginary scenes.\u00a0 However, many do depict actual identifiable places in what is now Greater Manchester.\u00a0 These locations are listed below.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
LOCATION<\/strong><\/td>\nTITLE<\/strong><\/td>\nDATE<\/strong><\/td>\nNOTES<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
ADELPHI<\/td>\nThe River Irwell at the Adelphi<\/em><\/td>\n1924<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AGECROFT<\/td>\nAgecroft Regatta<\/em><\/td>\n1949<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ANCOATS<\/td>\nGreat Ancoats Street<\/em><\/td>\nc.1929<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Great Ancoats Street, Manchester<\/em><\/td>\n1930<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ancoats Hospital Outpatients\u2019 Hall<\/em><\/td>\n1952<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ancoats Hospital Outpatients\u2019 Hall<\/em><\/td>\nu\/d<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASHTON-UNDER-LYNE<\/td>\nIndustrial Landscape<\/em><\/td>\n1952<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROUGHTON<\/td>\nA View from the Window of Royal Technical College, Salford, Looking towards Broughton<\/em><\/td>\n1925<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Houses in Broughton<\/em><\/td>\n1937<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BURNDEN<\/td>\nGoing to the Match<\/em><\/td>\n1953<\/td>\nBolton Wanderers\u2019 football ground<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEADLE HULME<\/td>\nThe Drive, \u2018Oaklands\u2019<\/em><\/td>\n1947<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Portrait of a House<\/em><\/td>\nc.1947<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Portrait of a House<\/em><\/td>\n1954<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHORLTON-ON-MEDLOCK<\/td>\nDavid Lloyd George\u2019s Birthplace<\/em><\/td>\n1958<\/td>\nHouse demolished 1957<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLIFTON<\/td>\nWet Earth Colliery, Clifton<\/em><\/td>\n1925<\/td>\nNow Clifton Country Park<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Clifton Junction, Morning<\/em><\/td>\n1910<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Clifton Junction, Evening<\/em><\/td>\n1910<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A Footbridge<\/em><\/td>\n1944<\/td>\nPack Saddle or Roving Bridge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COLLYHURST<\/td>\nA Footbridge<\/em><\/td>\n1938<\/td>\nAlso known as \u2018Barney\u2019s Steps\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CORONATION STREET, Salford<\/td>\nCoronation Street<\/em><\/td>\n1957<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CRIME LAKE<\/td>\nCrime Lake<\/em><\/td>\n1942<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROWTHER STREET, Stockport<\/td>\nCrowther Street, Stockport<\/em><\/td>\n1930<\/td>\nOriginal houses demolished in the 1960s but restored early in the 2000s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Crowther Street, Stockport<\/em><\/td>\n1934<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DAISY NOOK, Droylsden<\/td>\nLancashire Fair, Good Friday, Daisy Nook<\/em><\/td>\n1946<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Fairground<\/em><\/td>\n1949<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fairground at Daisy Nook<\/em><\/td>\n1956<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DIXON FOLD<\/td>\nWet Earth Colliery, Clifton<\/em><\/td>\n1925<\/td>\nNow Clifton Country Park<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ECCLES<\/td>\nEccles Railway Station<\/em><\/td>\n1963<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EXCHANGE STATION<\/td>\nStation Approach<\/em><\/td>\n1960<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Station Approach<\/em><\/td>\n1962<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FAILSWORTH<\/td>\nOld Road, Failsworth<\/em><\/td>\n1957<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Children Playing, Old Road, Failsworth<\/em><\/td>\n1957<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FAIRFIELD<\/td>\nThe Canal Bridge<\/em><\/td>\n1944<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GATLEY<\/td>\nThe Empty House<\/em><\/td>\n1934<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Old House<\/em><\/td>\n1936<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Old House, Gatley<\/em><\/td>\n1937<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GAYTHORN<\/td>\nOldfield Road Dwelling<\/em><\/td>\n1927<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Oldfield Road Dwellings<\/em><\/td>\n1929<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River IRWELL<\/td>\nThe River Irwell at the Adelphi<\/em><\/td>\n1924<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A View of the River Irwell from Peel Park<\/em><\/td>\n1924<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River Irwell at Salford<\/em><\/td>\nc.1924<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River Scene\/Industrial Landscape<\/em><\/td>\n1935<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Lake<\/em><\/td>\n1937<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River Scene<\/em><\/td>\n1942<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River Irwell at Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1947<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A River Bank<\/em><\/td>\n1947<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Agecroft Regatta<\/em><\/td>\n1948<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER<\/td>\nSt John\u2019s Church, Deansgate<\/em><\/td>\n1920<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sketch of St John\u2019s, Manchester<\/em><\/td>\nc.1920<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
St John\u2019s Church, Manchester<\/em><\/td>\n1928<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Viaduct, Store Street, Manchester<\/em><\/td>\n1929<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
St John\u2019s Church<\/em><\/td>\n1938<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A Footbridge<\/em><\/td>\n1938<\/td>\nCollyhurst footbridge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
After the Blitz<\/em><\/td>\n1942<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Manchester Blitz\/St Augustine\u2019s Church, Hulme<\/em><\/td>\n1943<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Going to Work<\/em><\/td>\n1943<\/td>\nMather & Platt Works<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Going to Work<\/em><\/td>\n1944<\/td>\nMather & Platt Works<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
St Augustine\u2019s Church, Manchester<\/em><\/td>\n1945<\/td>\nDestroyed in Manchester blitz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Industrial Landscape<\/em><\/td>\n1955<\/td>\nMather & Platt Works<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Reference Library<\/em><\/td>\n1972<\/td>\nNow Manchester Central Library<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MIDDLETON<\/td>\nOld Church and Steps<\/em><\/td>\n1960<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOTTRAM-IN-LONGDENDALE<\/td>\nAgricultural Fair<\/em><\/td>\n1949<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Hat Rack <\/em><\/td>\n1966<\/td>\nLowry\u2019s home:<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEEL PARK, Salford<\/td>\nPeel Park Sketch<\/em><\/td>\n1919<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Peel Park Sketch<\/em><\/td>\n1920<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bandstand, Peel Park<\/em><\/td>\n1924<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A View of the River Irwell from Peel Park<\/em><\/td>\n1924<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A View from the Window of Royal Technical College, Salford, Looking towards Manchester<\/em><\/td>\n1924<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bandstand, Peel Park<\/em><\/td>\n1925<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A View from the Window of Royal Technical College, Salford, Looking towards Broughton<\/em><\/td>\n1925<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Terrace, Peel Park, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1927<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Peel Park, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1927<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Peel Park, Sketch<\/em><\/td>\nc.1927<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bandstand, Peel Park<\/em><\/td>\n1928<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Steps, Peel Park, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1930<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Bandstand, Peel Park<\/em><\/td>\n1931<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Peel Park, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1944<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Park<\/em><\/td>\n1946<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Bandstand, Peel Park<\/em><\/td>\nc.1954<\/td>\nDate tbc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PENDLEBURY<\/td>\nSt Augustine\u2019s Church, Pendlebury<\/em><\/td>\n1920<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
St Augustine\u2019s Church, Pendlebury<\/em><\/td>\n1924<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Old Farm in Pendlebury<\/em><\/td>\n1925<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
St Augustine\u2019s Church, Pendlebury<\/em><\/td>\n1930<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pendlebury Scene<\/em><\/td>\n1931<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Street Scene<\/em><\/td>\n1935<\/td>\nAcme Mill<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
View in Pendlebury<\/em><\/td>\n1936<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Figures in a Lane<\/em><\/td>\n1936<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Procession<\/em><\/td>\n1937<\/td>\nAnnual Whit-Thursday procession<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Albion Mill<\/em><\/td>\n1941<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Winter in Pendlebury<\/em><\/td>\n1943<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Mill, Pendlebury<\/em><\/td>\n1943<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mill Scene with Figures<\/em><\/td>\n1944<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Iron Works<\/em><\/td>\n1947<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Street in Pendlebury<\/em><\/td>\n1948<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pendlebury Market<\/em><\/td>\nu\/d<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Railway Platform<\/em><\/td>\n1953<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PICCADILLY<\/td>\nPiccadilly<\/em><\/td>\n1930<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Piccadilly Gardens<\/em><\/td>\n1954<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Piccadilly, Manchester<\/em><\/td>\nc.1957<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
POLICE STREET, Eccles<\/td>\nThe Arrest<\/em><\/td>\n1927<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PRESTWICH<\/td>\nPrestwich Clough<\/em><\/td>\n1914<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RAMSBOTTOM<\/td>\nThe Railway Steps, Ramsbottom<\/em><\/td>\n1945<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Steps<\/em><\/td>\n1957<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RICHMOND HILL, Salford<\/td>\nRichmond Hill, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1925<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Richmond Hill, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1957<\/td>\nDate tbc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ST MICHAEL\u2019S FLAGS & ANGEL MEADOW PARK<\/td>\nPlayground<\/em><\/td>\nc.1927<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Steps, Irk Place<\/em><\/td>\n1928<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lancashire Street<\/em><\/td>\n1929<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
St Michael\u2019s Church and All Angels \u2013 Study<\/em><\/td>\n1933<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
View of a Town<\/em><\/td>\n1936<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
St Michael\u2019s Church and All Angels<\/em><\/td>\n1941<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Street Scene<\/em><\/td>\n1941<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Britain at Play<\/em><\/td>\n1943<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Street Scene with Figures<\/em><\/td>\n1944<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Street Scene<\/em><\/td>\n1947<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ST PETER\u2019S SQUARE<\/td>\nReference Library<\/em><\/td>\n1972<\/td>\nBuilt 1930-34; now Central Library<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SALFORD<\/td>\nSalford Street Scene<\/em><\/td>\n1922<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Flat Iron Market<\/em><\/td>\nc.1925<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Belle Vue House, Leaf Square, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1925<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Behind Leaf Square<\/em><\/td>\n1925<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The County Court<\/em><\/td>\n1926<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Tower, Leaf Square<\/em><\/td>\n1926<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
An Old Lamp, Behind Leaf Square<\/em><\/td>\n1926<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
By Christ Church, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1926<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
By the County Court, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1926<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
By St Philip\u2019s Church, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1926<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hulme Place, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1926<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Dwelling, Ordsall Lane, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1927<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A Street Scene, St Simon\u2019s Church<\/em><\/td>\n1927<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
St Simon\u2019s Church <\/em><\/td>\nc.1927<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A Street Scene, St Simon\u2019s Church<\/em><\/td>\n1928<\/td>\nChurch demolished in 1927<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Salford Street Scene<\/em><\/td>\n1928<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Gateway<\/em><\/td>\n1931<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Corner Shop<\/em><\/td>\n1943<\/td>\nIslington Square<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A Footbridge<\/em><\/td>\n1944<\/td>\nPack Saddle or Roving Bridge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Old House, Grove Street, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1948<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Factory Gate<\/em><\/td>\n1951<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Early Morning<\/em><\/td>\n1954<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
St Stephen\u2019s Church, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1956<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Chapel, St Stephen\u2019s Church, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1956<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
North James Henry Street, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1956<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Christ Church, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1956<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Francis Terrace, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1956<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Francis Street, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1957<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sunday Afternoon<\/em><\/td>\n1957<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Man Going to Work\/Figure in a Gateway<\/em><\/td>\n1964<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Church in Salford\/St Philip\u2019s Church<\/em><\/td>\n1965<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STOCKPORT<\/td>\nThe Stepped Street<\/em><\/td>\n1929<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mealhouse Brow<\/em><\/td>\n1929<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Crowther Street, Stockport<\/em><\/td>\n1930<\/td>\nOriginal houses demolished in the 1960s but restored early in the 2000s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Crowther Street, Stockport<\/em><\/td>\n1934<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Stockport Viaduct<\/em><\/td>\n1942<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Stockport Viaduct<\/em><\/td>\n1943<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Stockport Viaduct<\/em><\/td>\n1944<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Viaduct, Stockport<\/em><\/td>\nc.1950s<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Old Steps, Mealhouse Brow<\/em><\/td>\n1969<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SWINTON<\/td>\nArden\u2019s Farm<\/em><\/td>\nc.1909<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Wardley Farm, Swinton Moss<\/em><\/td>\n1913<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
St Mary\u2019s Church, Swinton<\/em><\/td>\n1913<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Swinton Moss<\/em><\/td>\n1922<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Swinton Industrial Schools<\/em><\/td>\n1930<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
St Mary\u2019s Church, Swinton<\/em><\/td>\n1960<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOMMYFIELDS MARKET, Oldham<\/td>\nSelling Oilcloth on the Oldham Road<\/em><\/td>\n1914<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Lino Market<\/em><\/td>\n1955<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WARDLEY<\/td>\nWardley Farm, Swinton Moss<\/em><\/td>\n1913<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WIGAN<\/td>\nIndustrial Landscape\/Landscape in Wigan<\/em><\/td>\n1925<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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References<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Sandling J & M Leber (2000), Lowry\u2019s City \u2013 A Painter and His Locale, <\/em>Salford:\u00a0 Lowry Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Saywell, David, Artists and Places:\u00a0 L S Lowry in Salford and Industrial Towns in Greater Manchester<\/em> (accessed 13\/09\/2024)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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APPENDIX 3:\u00a0 VALETTE LOCATIONS IN GREATER MANCHESTER<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Pierre Adolphe Valette (1876-1942) was born in Saint-\u00c9tienne in France and was already something of an established painter when he came to London in 1904.\u00a0 In 1905 he moved to Manchester and initially designed cards and calendars for a printing company but in 1907 he obtained a teaching post at the Manchester Municipal School of Art, where he famously taught L S Lowry.\u00a0 Over the next 10 years he painted a series of pictures of the streets, squares, stations and bridges of foggy Manchester.\u00a0 In about 1917 he changed his style, preferring portraits and landscapes to the grimy cityscapes of Manchester.\u00a0 He resigned his teaching post in 1920 and returned to France in 1928, where he died in 1942.\u00a0 The locations of Valette\u2019s Manchester paintings are listed below.<\/p>\n

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LOCATION<\/strong><\/td>\nPICTURE TITLE<\/strong><\/td>\nDATE<\/strong><\/td>\nNOTES<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALBERT SQUARE, Manchester<\/td>\nAlbert Square, Manchester<\/em><\/td>\n1910<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALL SAINTS\/GROSVENOR SQUARE<\/td>\nHansom Cab at All Saints<\/em><\/td>\n1910<\/td>\nAll Saints church was damaged in the blitz of 1940 and demolished in 1946<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Old Cab at All Saints<\/em><\/td>\n1911<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Presbyterian Church, All Saints<\/em><\/td>\ntbc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CENTRAL STATION<\/td>\nCentral Station<\/em><\/td>\n1910-11<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River IRWELL<\/td>\nWindsor Bridge on the Irwell<\/em><\/td>\n1909<\/td>\nActually depicts Irwell Street Bridge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Manchester Cathedral, Looking up the River Irwell from Bailey Bridge<\/em><\/td>\n1909<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bailey Bridge<\/em><\/td>\n1912<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Under Windsor Bridge on the Irwell<\/em><\/td>\n1912<\/td>\nActually depicts Irwell Street Bridge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER<\/td>\nRooftops, Manchester<\/em><\/td>\nTbc<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Manchester Cathedral, Looking up the River Irwell from Bailey Bridge<\/em><\/td>\n1909<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Plymouth Grove, July<\/em><\/td>\n1909<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Street Scene, Manchester<\/em><\/td>\n1912<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
York Street Leading to Charles Street<\/em><\/td>\n1913<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Manchester Street in the Fog<\/em><\/td>\nc.1910<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Manchester Suburban Scene<\/em><\/td>\ntbc<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER SHIP CANAL<\/td>\nShip Canal, Sunset<\/em><\/td>\nc.1908<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Manchester Ship Canal and Warehouses<\/em><\/td>\n1908<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Trafford Road Swing Bridge<\/em><\/td>\nc.1910<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Trafford Bridge and Pomona Dock<\/em><\/td>\ntbc<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tug on a Canal in Manchester<\/em><\/td>\ntbc<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River MEDLOCK<\/td>\nIndia House<\/em><\/td>\n1912<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW BAILEY BRIDGE<\/td>\nManchester Cathedral, Looking up the River Irwell from Bailey Bridge<\/em><\/td>\n1909<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bailey Bridge<\/em><\/td>\n1912<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OXFORD ROAD, Manchester<\/td>\nOxford Road, Manchester<\/em><\/td>\n1910<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Houses on Oxford Street, Sunset<\/em><\/td>\nc.1910<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PLYMOUTH GROVE, Manchester<\/td>\nPlymouth Grove, July<\/em><\/td>\n1909<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROMILEY<\/td>\nRomiley<\/em><\/td>\n1916<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ST PETER\u2019S SQUARE, Manchester<\/td>\nSt Peter\u2019s Square, Manchester<\/em><\/td>\ntbc<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SALE<\/td>\nSale, near Manchester<\/em><\/td>\n1907<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SALFORD<\/td>\nCastlegate, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1912<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WINDSOR BRIDGE<\/td>\nWindsor Bridge on the Irwell<\/em><\/td>\n1909<\/td>\nBoth paintings in fact depict the Irwell Street Bridge, not Windsor Bridge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Under Windsor Bridge on the Irwell<\/em><\/td>\n1912<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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References<\/p>\n

Martin, Sandra (2007), Adolphe Valette \u2013 A French Impressionist in Manchester<\/em>, London:\u00a0 Scala Publishers<\/p>\n

Webb, Poul, Arts and Artists:\u00a0 Adolphe Valette <\/em>(accessed 23\/11\/2024)<\/p>\n

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GREATER MANCHESTER PLACE NAMES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Compiled by Richard West<\/p>\n

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Cover image under licence from Alamy.\u00a0 Reference OY0101324868<\/p>\n

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INTRODUCTION<\/strong><\/p>\n

It is now more than 50 years since the formation of Greater Manchester but there is still no full account of the place names of Britain\u2019s second-most populous county.\u00a0 Harland\u2019s gazetteer of 1862 gave the origins of many of the place names in the city of Manchester and Johnston\u2019s Place-Names of England and Wales of 1915 gave a number of names in the Manchester area, but, until 1974, most of what is now Greater Manchester was included in Lancashire and Cheshire.\u00a0 The place names of these counties have been quite well documented but most of the books dealing with these place names either pre-date 1974 or ignore the 1974 boundaries and describe places as still being in Lancashire or Cheshire, despite the fact that Greater Manchester has existed for more than 50 years and now includes many places that did not even exist in 1974.<\/p>\n

The present work explores the place names of Greater Manchester from the earliest, which probably date from the 7th<\/sup> century, to those which have emerged in the 21st<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It does not pretend to be comprehensive but is intended to be a first attempt to compile a guide to the many place names of our county.\u00a0 It is, however, very much a work in progress and it appears online so that others can contribute by filling the gaps and correcting the errors.<\/p>\n

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INTRODUCTION TO THE SECOND EDITION<\/strong><\/p>\n

This enlarged version now contains over 1500 entries \u2013 an increase of more than 50%.\u00a0 Additions and corrections have been made in the light of feedback from Mancunians across the county, and I am deeply grateful for their contributions.<\/p>\n

I have also revisited the places that were omitted from the first edition and nearly all of the towns, villages and suburbs included on modern maps have now been listed.\u00a0 Attention has also been given to the numerous rivers, streams, brooks, reservoirs and \u2018flashes\u2019 across the county which have generally been neglected by academic studies of place names in the region.\u00a0 The result is that the new edition can claim to be far more comprehensive than the first.<\/p>\n

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Contact<\/strong>:\u00a0 west46 [at] btinternet.com<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

ENTRIES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Each entry consists of the following:<\/p>\n

Place name<\/strong>:\u00a0 There is no hard and fast definition of \u2018place\u2019 \u2013 most of the places included are settlements or natural features, but streets and individual buildings are generally not listed, although there are notable exceptions.\u00a0 The starting was the list of places and areas in the AZ Greater Manchester Street Atlas, and the origins of about 90% of these places have been traced and listed.\u00a0\u00a0 Other places, particularly rivers, brooks and parks, have been added.\u00a0 Obvious or derived place names such as Salford Town Hall or West Didsbury are not included.<\/p>\n

Location<\/strong>:\u00a0 Which metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester the place can be found in.<\/p>\n

Date<\/strong>:\u00a0 When the place was first recorded, although many places may have existed for many years, even centuries, before we find any documentary evidence of their existence, typically in the first Ordnance Survey maps of the 19th<\/sup> century.<\/p>\n

Variations<\/strong>:\u00a0 Variant names and spellings are indicated briefly.<\/p>\n

Meaning<\/strong>:\u00a0 The literal meaning of the name where this is not self-evident.<\/p>\n

Etymology<\/strong>:\u00a0 The derivation of each name, with the language of origin or the personal name of an eponym where known.\u00a0 Where an etymology is uncertain, this is indicated, as are alternative possibilities.<\/p>\n

Cross references<\/strong> to other place names in the book (marked in bold).<\/p>\n

Appendices<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nAppendix 1<\/strong><\/td>\nDomesday Book entries for Greater Manchester<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nAppendix 2<\/strong><\/td>\nLowry locations in Greater Manchester<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nAppendix 3<\/strong><\/td>\nValette locations in Greater Manchester<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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GLOSSARY<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Aspirational<\/strong> place names are names that are consciously chosen to reflect the hopes that the inhabitants have for their future lives in that place.\u00a0 An early example is Breightmet<\/strong>, meaning \u2018beautiful meadow\u2019 and recorded in 1257.\u00a0 Later on, it was often a hope to escape from the \u2018dark satanic mills\u2019 of the industrial revolution in Greater Manchester.\u00a0 Examples include Belle Vue<\/strong>, Fairfield<\/strong>, Flowery Field<\/strong>, Garden Suburb<\/strong>, Lark Hill<\/strong> and Hazel Grove<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Eponyms<\/strong> are words derived from the name of a person.\u00a0 Eponyms are widely used as place names across the world.\u00a0 In the Greater Manchester area many eponymic place names date from the Anglo-Saxon period.\u00a0 In these cases, their names have survived far longer than any memory or record of who they were or what they did.\u00a0 Some eponyms are much later, dating from the 18th<\/sup> or 19th<\/sup> centuries \u2013 Ashburys<\/strong>, Bridgewater<\/strong> Canal<\/strong>, Brooklands<\/strong> and Simister<\/strong> \u2013 and in most cases we know the name of the person they are named for and often a lot about their lives and why they have been commemorated in a place name.\u00a0 The person whose surname gives us the most eponyms in Greater Manchester is Sir Robert Peel<\/em> (1788-1850), a former prime minister and founder of the modern police force, who was born in Bury and who is commemorated in Peel Park<\/strong>, Peel Tower<\/strong> and (more obliquely) the Peel Centre <\/strong>in Stockport. \u00a0However, eponyms can also be taken from a person\u2019s forename.\u00a0 The most common are names of queens \u2013 Victoria <\/strong>and Alexandra<\/strong> \u2013 but there also examples from unknown people, mostly landowners or farmers (e.g. Bryan Hey<\/strong>, Dick Hill<\/strong>, Ellenor Brook<\/strong>, Mode Wheel<\/strong>, Norman Hill, Patricroft<\/strong>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Etymology<\/strong> is the study of the origin and history of a word, tracing it back to its original language and form, and often the date when it was first recorded.\u00a0 Many place names in Greater Manchester can be traced back more than a thousand years, with places derived from Celtic or Old Welsh (including the first element of Manchester<\/strong>), a few from Latin (Viridor<\/strong>, the second element of Manchester<\/strong>), Old Norse, Old English, Norman French, Modern French (Belle Vue<\/strong>), Gaelic (Ducie Bridge<\/strong>), Spanish (Calamanco<\/strong>), Greek (Adelphi<\/strong>, Eccles<\/strong>), Hebrew (Jericho<\/strong>, Salem<\/strong>), Catalan (Montserrat<\/strong>) and Arabic (Etihad<\/strong>).\u00a0 In a good many cases the etymology may be uncertain or even unknown.\u00a0 In these cases, this is indicated and different theories or suggestions are given.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Folk etymology<\/strong> is a false derivation which may be commonly believed but which is not true or accurate.\u00a0 Examples from Greater Manchester include Adswood<\/strong> (often said to be \u2018Adders\u2019 wood\u2019), Denton <\/strong>(\u2018Dane town\u2019), Gorton<\/strong> (\u2018gore town\u2019), Oldham<\/strong> (said to be derived from owls), Reddish<\/strong> (\u2018blood red\u2019 from an ancient battle), Salford<\/strong> (\u2018salt\u2019 + \u2018ford\u2019) and Wigan<\/strong> (said to be from the Wiggin tree).\u00a0 Most notably, it is often believed that the first element of Manchester<\/strong> is derived from \u2018adult male\u2019, despite its actual female origins, and there continue to be campaigns to change the name of the city or its football teams.<\/p>\n

Folk etymology is sometimes included in and perpetuated by a place\u2019s coat of arms.\u00a0 Examples in Greater Manchester include Bolton<\/strong> (said to derive from a crossbow bolt<\/em>), Oldham (owl <\/em>+ ham) and Wigan (the coat of arms depicts a wiggin <\/em>tree).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Gentrification\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>Manchester was well aware of its grim industrial reputation and sometimes transferred place names from more affluent or fashionable and aristocratic areas in order to \u2018gentrify\u2019 a neighbourhood.\u00a0 This practice seems to have begun in the 16th<\/sup> century, when Spring Gardens was developed in Manchester around the Fountain Street, and the surrounding streets were given names from those around Spring Gardens in London \u2013 Cheapside, Chancery Lane, Bow Lane, Half Moon Street and Milk Street.\u00a0 It was also common at the end of the 18th<\/sup> century, when names such as Adelphi<\/strong>, Piccadilly<\/strong>, New Islington<\/strong>, Oxford Road<\/strong>, Grosvenor<\/strong> Square<\/strong>, Paddington<\/strong> and New Windsor<\/strong> were all adopted.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hybrids <\/strong>are place names which are composed of elements from two or more different languages.\u00a0 The most conspicuous example is Manchester<\/strong>, in which the Celtic mamm<\/em> (\u2018breast\u2019) is combined with the Old English ceaster<\/em> (\u2018Roman fort\u2019) from Latin castra <\/em>(\u2018camp\u2019).\u00a0 Almost uniquely, Cheadle Hulme<\/strong> combines elements from three languages:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cheadle is a hybrid:\u00a0 the Celtic c\u0113d<\/em>, meaning \u2018wood\u2019, + Old English l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018clearing\u2019) + Old Danish hulme<\/em>, meaning \u2018raised ground in a marsh\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rationalisation<\/strong> is the process of altering the spelling of a place name so that it conforms to modern spelling and the name seems to become more transparent, even though it may have nothing to do with its actual etymology.\u00a0\u00a0 A notable example is Strangeways<\/strong>, which is not derived from either \u2018strange\u2019 or \u2018ways\u2019.\u00a0 It is actually derived from Old English strang<\/em>, \u2018strong\u2019, and waesce<\/em>, meaning ‘flooding’, but this meaning was lost and the modern spelling was adopted as early as 1326 by those trying to find meaning in its name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Reduplication <\/strong>is a process whereby two elements in the place name mean the same, usually because the meaning of the first element has been lost.\u00a0 An example is Platt Bridge<\/strong>, where Middle English platt<\/em> means \u2018bridge\u2019 and the addition of Modern English bridge<\/em> is tautologous.\u00a0 Other examples include Calderbrook<\/strong>, Cheadle<\/strong>, Glodwick<\/strong>, Pendlebury<\/strong>, Wardle<\/strong> and Whittle Hill<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Standardisation<\/strong> is the process by which disputed names or spellings become fixed or standardised by the need to choose one through a formal naming process. This process was especially notable in the 19th<\/sup> century when the Ordnance Survey, the railway companies and the Post Office had to decide which name or spelling would be used.\u00a0 One example in Greater Manchester is Bramhall<\/strong>, where the 19th-century owner of the local country house insisted on Bramall without an H but the Manchester & Birmingham Railway chose Bramhall with an H when it named its station in 1845.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Transfer\u00a0 <\/strong>A number of place names in Greater Manchester have been transferred from places elsewhere.\u00a0 This may be because the original place had special significance (Blackfriars<\/strong>, Denzell Gardens<\/strong>, Kingston<\/strong>, Maine Road<\/strong>, New Manchester<\/strong>, Whalley Range<\/strong>, Bruntwood<\/strong>, Richmond Hill<\/strong>) or was the site of a military victory or defeat (Alma Park<\/strong>, Bunker Hill<\/strong>, Crown Point<\/strong>, Gallipoli Gardens<\/strong>, Gibraltar<\/strong>, Victory<\/strong>, Waterloo<\/strong>, Trafalgar Square<\/strong>), or, most recently, celebrates the twinning of towns in Greater Manchester with European towns (Armentieres Square<\/strong>, Peine Square<\/strong>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

TIMELINE OF GREATER MANCHESTER PLACE NAMES <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
The timeline below highlights the main eras and dates in the history of Greater Manchester and shows how place names across the county exemplify the naming practices of its inhabitants at those times.\u00a0 The names in bold are included as main entries in the dictionary.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
THE CELTS<\/strong><\/p>\n

c.750 BC onwards<\/td>\n

The Celts were living in north-west England from about the 8th<\/sup> century BC but they were either displaced or assimilated by later invaders.\u00a0 Few of their place names survive.\u00a0 As elsewhere in England, the names of many of the rivers of what is now Greater Manchester are possibly of Celtic origin:\u00a0 Calder<\/strong>, Douglas<\/strong>, Glaze<\/strong>, Goyt<\/strong>, Irk<\/strong> and Tame<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area would have been sparsely populated but several place names provide evidence of Celtic occupation around Wigan:\u00a0 Wigan<\/strong> itself, Bryn<\/strong>, Culcheth<\/strong>, Ince-in-Makerfield<\/strong>, Kenyon<\/strong>, Pemberton<\/strong> and Shevington<\/strong>, and Cheadle<\/strong>, Cheetham<\/strong> and Cheetwood<\/strong> all share the same Celtic root (c\u0113d<\/em> \u2018wood\u2019), suggesting that all were Celtic settlements at an early date, and it has been suggested that this area has one of the heaviest concentrations of Celtic names in England.<\/p>\n

The Celts are also recalled in Wallgate <\/strong>and Walton<\/strong>, both derived from the Anglo-Saxon term for the Celts \u2013 the wealh <\/em>(i.e. the Welsh).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

ROMANS<\/strong><\/p>\n

AD 78 AD – 410<\/td>\n

In AD 78-86 the Roman invaders built a fort that is usually said to have been named Mamucium<\/strong>, derived from the Celtic for \u2018breast-shaped hill\u2019.\u00a0 The name was later Anglicised as Manchester<\/strong>, preserving the Latin castra<\/em> (\u2018camp\u2019).\u00a0 The Roman legions abandoned their fort in about AD 410, but, despite this long occupation, there are no place names in Greater Manchester preserving the original Latin, although some seem to be translations of earlier Latin names.\u00a0 Suggestions that Manchester\u2019s River Tib <\/strong>may have been named after the Tiber<\/em> in Rome may simply be fanciful.<\/p>\n

Although there are no place names in Greater Manchester which are derived from Latin, there are several Anglo-Saxon names which acknowledge Roman forts:\u00a0 Alport<\/strong>, Castlefield<\/strong>, Castleshaw<\/strong> and Littleborough<\/strong>.\u00a0 Old English str\u01e3t <\/em>in Stretford <\/strong>and Trafford<\/strong> refers to the Roman road to Chester.<\/p>\n

It should be noted that Roman Lakes<\/strong> Leisure Park was a 19th<\/sup>-century invention that had nothing to do with the Romans.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

ANGLO-SAXONS<\/strong><\/p>\n

c. AD 450 onwards<\/td>\n

The majority of Greater Manchester place names recorded before the industrial revolution are derived from Old English \u2013 the language of the Anglo-Saxon invaders who spread over much of England from the 5th<\/sup> century onwards.\u00a0 They generally constructed their place names from two or three elements:\u00a0 a generic element identifying the type of place it was and another element coming first to distinguish it from others with the same generic element.\u00a0 So, for example, Heaton <\/strong>(\u2018high village\u2019) was distinguished from Lowton<\/strong> (\u2018low village\u2019).\u00a0 The Anglo-Saxons used several main types of elements:<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n\u00a8<\/td>\nEponyms <\/strong>\u00a0Many Anglo-Saxon places were named after leaders, but, of course, we know little or nothing of the men and women who gave their names to Ardwick<\/strong>, Baguley<\/strong>, Cadishaw<\/strong>, Chorlton<\/strong>, Crumpsall<\/strong>, or Pilsworth<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is often easy to spot an Anglo-Saxon eponym as any name formed with -ing-<\/em> (\u2018followers, people of\u2019) + –t\u016bn <\/em>(\u2018village, estate, etc\u2019) is likely to be named after an Anglo-Saxon leader \u2013 Brinnington<\/strong>, Dumplington<\/strong>, Partington<\/strong>, Pennington<\/strong>, Pilkington<\/strong>, Shevington<\/strong>, Torkington<\/strong>, Tottington<\/strong>, Withington<\/strong> and Worthington<\/strong>.\u00a0 For some reason, there are no longer any Greater Manchester names with -ing-<\/em> + –t\u016bn<\/em> to compare with Birmingham, Nottingham or Sandringham (but see earlier spelling of Altrincham<\/strong>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n\u00a8<\/td>\nTopographical <\/strong>\u00a0The second category of Anglo-Saxon place names is those derived from the geography of the area \u2013 the hills and valleys, rivers and streams, and moors and marshes.\u00a0 In the Greater Manchester area, these follow a clear pattern as the landscape changes from east to west:<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Moors<\/strong><\/td>\nMoors are barren uplands that are generally unsuitable for agriculture.\u00a0 There are over 3000 listed places with moor<\/em> as their final element, approximately half of them in Yorkshire.\u00a0 In Greater Manchester there are about 20 moor<\/em> places nearly all in the east, on the edge of the Pennines and Peaks (Moorside<\/strong>).\u00a0 In the south of the county, the old Roman road to Buxton (the A6) marks a boundary, with Great<\/strong> Moor<\/strong>, Heaton Moor, Bramhall Moor<\/strong> and Woodsmoor<\/strong> along the road and contrasting with the nearby Shaw Heath<\/strong> to the west.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mosses<\/strong><\/td>\nTo the west and north-east of the county are the mosses \u2013 bogs or swamps that often made settlement or travel difficult.\u00a0 The name and the phenomenon are distinct to north-west England, as Daniel Defoe noted:\u00a0 \u2018On the road to Manchester, we pass\u2019d the great bog or waste call\u2019d Chat Moss, the first of that kind that we see in England, from any of the south parts hither.\u00a0 It extends on the left-hand of the road for five or six miles east and west, and they told us it was, in some places, seven or eight miles from north to south.\u2019\u00a0 The element is found in at least twenty places as Barton Moss<\/strong>, Broadhead Moss<\/strong>, Chat Moss<\/strong>, Featherbed Moss<\/strong>, Hale Moss<\/strong>, Kearsley<\/strong> Moss<\/strong>, Kitt\u2019s Moss<\/strong>, Little Moss<\/strong>, Moss Side<\/strong>, Mossley<\/strong>, Moston<\/strong>, Shadow Moss<\/strong> and, somewhat corrupted, Moses Gate<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Brooks<\/strong><\/td>\nAs we have seen, most of the major rivers in Greater Manchester have names which are probably Celtic in origin, but these are fed by countless muddy brooks flowing from the east, most of which have Anglo-Saxon names.\u00a0 These brooks may flow down steep valleys or cloughs<\/em> (Stoneclough<\/strong>), gentler dales <\/em>(Rochdale<\/strong>) or long deans\/-dens<\/em> (Denton<\/strong>, Droylsden<\/strong>, Walkden<\/strong>) with paths or roads, or meander round a nook or halh <\/em>(Bramhall<\/strong>, Crumpsall<\/strong>, Hale<\/strong>, Haugh<\/strong>) or a tongue (Tonge<\/strong>, Taunton<\/strong>).\u00a0 The rivers and brooks were crossed by fords<\/em> (Salford<\/strong>, Stretford<\/strong>, Trafford<\/strong>) and later by bridges \u2013 Platt<\/strong>, meaning bridge, is found from 1212 and bridge<\/em> itself occurs in Manchester\u2019s Hanging Bridge<\/strong>, dating from 1343.\u00a0 Settlements were frequently established beside these fords and bridges.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Woods<\/strong><\/td>\nThe flood plain of Greater Manchester between the moors to the east and the mosses to the west was originally heavily wooded, although much of the forest had been cleared by the time the Anglo-Saxons arrived.\u00a0 We find many places that have wood<\/em> in their name (Woodley<\/strong>, Woodford<\/strong>, Woodhouses<\/strong>), <\/strong>but many more that are copses or shaws<\/em> (Audenshaw<\/strong>, Openshaw<\/strong>, Shaw<\/strong>, Wythenshawe<\/strong>).<\/p>\n

Amongst the woods, settlements were established in clearings, and names with the element –lee\/-leigh\/-le<\/em> meaning \u2018woodland clearing\u2019 are especially common (Leigh<\/strong>, Cheadle<\/strong>, Edgeley<\/strong>, Romiley<\/strong>, Stayley<\/strong>, Stalybridge<\/strong>, Worsley<\/strong>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

<\/td>\n\u00a8<\/td>\nVegetation<\/strong>\u00a0 There are many places named after different types of wood, although this is not always obvious\u00a0 \u2013 Ashton<\/strong>, Beech Hill<\/strong>, Birch<\/strong>, Firswood<\/strong>, Hollins<\/strong> (holly), Horwich<\/strong> (wych elm), Ogden<\/strong> (oak), Sale <\/strong>(willow), Salford<\/strong> (willow), Withington <\/strong>(willow), and Wythenshawe <\/strong>(willow).\u00a0 There are also names which are derived from the uses to which the wood was put \u2013 for making poles (Bollinhurst<\/strong>), brooms (Bramhall<\/strong>, Brimrod<\/strong>), staves (Stalybridge<\/strong>) and timber (Timperley<\/strong>).<\/p>\n

There are relatively few places named for other types of vegetation.\u00a0 Several places indicate that reeds or rushes, which could be used for thatching (Thatch Leach<\/strong>), could be found (Broadbent<\/strong>, Lever<\/strong>, Reddish<\/strong>, Sedgley<\/strong>).\u00a0 Some places are names after vegetables \u2013 celery (Agecroft<\/strong>), watercress (Kearsley<\/strong>, Kersal<\/strong>), and wild garlic (Ramsbottom<\/strong>) \u2013 and others indicate that cereal crops such as barley (Barlow Fold<\/strong>, Barlow Moor<\/strong>, Pemberton<\/strong>) and rye (Ryton<\/strong>, Ryecroft<\/strong>) were being grown.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

<\/td>\n\u00a8<\/td>\nAnimals<\/strong>\u00a0 The Anglo-Saxons also named many places after animals and birds, especially deer (Hartshead<\/strong>, Hattersley<\/strong>, Roe Green<\/strong>), goats (Bucklow<\/strong>, Gatley<\/strong>), pigs (Boarshaw<\/strong>, Swinton<\/strong>), cranes (Cornbrook<\/strong>) and hawks (Hawkley<\/strong>).\u00a0 Perhaps surprisingly in a region with so many rivers, there are very few places named after fish (Compstall<\/strong>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n\u00a8<\/td>\nDirectional <\/strong>\u00a0While there are several names indicating the northern location of places (Norbury<\/strong>, Norley<\/strong>, Northenden<\/strong>, Northern Moor<\/strong>), compass points were also used for distinguishing purposes:\u00a0 Norden<\/strong> (= northern valley) and Sudden <\/strong>(= southern valley), Astley<\/strong> (east Leigh) and Westleigh<\/strong>, Haughton <\/strong>and Westhaughton<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHRISTIANITY<\/strong><\/p>\n

6th<\/sup>-7th<\/sup> centuries onwards<\/td>\n

Christianity spread to the area of Greater Manchester in the 6th<\/sup> and 7th<\/sup> centuries and evidence of this is found in place names across the county, although little or nothing is known of the monks commemorated in Monsall<\/strong> or Monton<\/strong>, the priests in Prestolee, <\/strong>\u00a0Prestwich <\/strong>or Priestnall<\/strong>, the kirk at Kirkmanshulme<\/strong> or of any abbey in Abbey Hey<\/strong>.\u00a0 Rooden<\/strong> and possibly Blackrod<\/strong> retain the Old English r\u014dd<\/em> (meaning \u2018cross\u2019) before it was supplanted by the Gaelic or Norse cross<\/em>, which is found in other, presumably later place names.\u00a0 Eccles<\/strong> is also thought to be a Celtic word derived from the Latin or Greek for an ecclesiastical gathering.<\/p>\n

The only person from this early period of whom we know anything is St Chad<\/em> (c.634-672), the Bishop of Lichfield in Mercia<\/strong>, whose parish covered the Greater Manchester area until 1541.\u00a0 St Chad\u2019s Church in Rochdale, parts of which date from the 13th<\/sup> century and which may have been named in AD 673, is said to be the oldest church in the county, and St Chad is also commemorated in Chadkirk<\/strong> and possibly even Chat Moss<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Some of the Anglican churches built in Manchester in the 18th<\/sup> and 19th centuries (some of them no longer in existence) have given their names to districts (All Saints<\/strong>, St George\u2019s<\/strong>), squares (St Ann\u2019s<\/strong>, St Peter\u2019s<\/strong>) and parks (Angel Meadows<\/strong>, St John\u2019s Gardens<\/strong>, St Michael\u2019s Flags<\/strong>).\u00a0 There are several places with Biblical names:\u00a0 Goshen <\/strong>dates from the 16th<\/sup> century and the non-conformist churches which developed in the first half of the 19th<\/sup> century also coined Biblical names (Jericho, New Earth<\/strong> and Salem<\/strong>).\u00a0 Several other places which originally had Anglo-Saxon names were later rationalised as if they had Christian origins (Abram<\/strong>, Moses Gate<\/strong>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

VIKINGS<\/strong><\/p>\n

c. AD 900-1050<\/td>\n

The Vikings settled in North-west England from the 8th century but sources differ as to whether Greater Manchester became part of the Danelaw<\/strong> or not. Certainly, the spread of the Vikings caused concern and legend has it that the Nico Ditch<\/strong> was built in 869-870 to guard against the Vikings:\u00a0 the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle<\/em> records that in AD 923 \u2018King Edward \u2026 ordered levies \u2026 to occupy Manchester<\/strong> in Northumbria, and had it repaired and garrisoned\u2019 in order to meet the Viking threat.\u00a0 It also seems that Bury<\/strong> and at least some of the places with the –bury<\/em> element (Bredbury<\/strong>, Norbury<\/strong>, Didsbury<\/strong>, Pendlebury<\/strong> and Littleborough<\/strong>) may have originally been fortified Anglo-Saxon settlements built to protect against the Vikings.<\/p>\n

There is little place-name evidence of large-scale Viking settlement in what is now Greater Manchester:\u00a0 there is a cluster of eponyms in western Manchester (Flixton <\/strong>and perhaps Urmston<\/strong>) but nowhere ending in –by<\/em>, the most common Norse element (as in Derby or Grimsby), not one -toft <\/em>(as in Lowestoft), only two occurrences of –thwaite<\/em> (Laithwaite, Linfitt<\/strong>), and only one –thorpe<\/em> (Thorp<\/strong> in Oldham).\u00a0 The only Viking name element that does occur with any frequency is –hulme <\/em>(\u2018island, raised ground\u2019):\u00a0 Hulme<\/strong>, Davyhulme<\/strong>, Levenshulme<\/strong>, Cheadle Hulme,<\/strong> Oldham<\/strong> (corrupted from Aldholme<\/em>) and Wolstenholme<\/strong>.\u00a0 A hulme<\/em> was an area of raised ground that would be particularly suitable for a settlement in an area susceptible to frequent flooding.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

INTEGRATION & ASSIMILATION<\/strong><\/td>\nCheadle Hulme<\/strong> exemplifies Greater Manchester\u2019s almost unique mixture of the three linguistic traditions \u2013 Celtic, Anglo-Saxon and Norse:\u00a0 Cheadle (Celtic c\u0113d <\/em>+ Old English l\u0113ah<\/em>) + Old Danish hulme<\/em>.\u00a0 Such names show how, over time, peoples speaking different languages and with different cultures came to live in peace together.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORMANS<\/strong><\/p>\n

1066 onwards<\/td>\n

The Norman conquest of 1066 meant that the official language of England became French, and it remained so until Richard II was deposed in 1399.\u00a0 Despite this, and the fact that Norman lords were given estates across much of England, Norman French had very little impact on place names in mediaeval England.\u00a0 Many of these lords took English names from the lands they governed, but a few Norman names remain today \u2013 Darcy (of Darcy Lever<\/strong>), Darnel (of Darnhill<\/strong>), Massey (of Dunham Massey<\/strong>), Norris (of Heaton Norris<\/strong>), Molyneux (of Molyneux Brow<\/strong>) and, much later, Davenport<\/strong> (in Stockport) and Grosvenor (of Manchester\u2019s Grosvenor Square<\/strong>).\u00a0 Also very much later is the use of -ville <\/em>for housing estates in the early 20th<\/sup> century (Chorltonville<\/strong>).<\/p>\n

However, the Normans impacted north-western place names in other ways, as can be seen from their Domesday Book<\/em> of 1086 (see Appendix 1).\u00a0 William the Conqueror sent his agents throughout England to list all the towns, villages and property, so that he would know what taxes were due.\u00a0 Domesday recorded 13,418 settlements throughout England and Wales, about 600 in Cheshire and Lancashire, but fewer than 25 in what is now Greater Manchester.\u00a0 Two reasons are normally given for this:\u00a0 William\u2019s agents did a poor job, simply omitting major places such as Stockport, Wigan and Bury.\u00a0 More likely, the Normans\u2019 genocidal \u2018harrying of the north\u2019 in 1069-1070, in which up to 75% of the population of the north were slaughtered, left many places \u2018Weaste\u2019 \u2013 uninhabited or of little value.<\/p>\n

Nevertheless, 1400 saw the \u2018triumph of English\u2019 and the vast majority of modern place names can trace their origin to Old and Middle English rather than Latin, Norse or Norman French.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

CIVIL WAR<\/strong><\/p>\n

1642-1651<\/td>\n

Greater Manchester figured significantly in the Civil War:\u00a0 the war itself is often said to have begun when Royalists tried to capture the town and Richard Perceval of Levenshulme<\/strong> became the first casualty during street fighting on 15 July 1642.\u00a0 Oliver Cromwell<\/strong> is said to have passed through Trub Smithy<\/strong> at some point, and to have camped at Oliver Clough<\/strong> during the Siege of Manchester in 1643.\u00a0 In May 1644, the Royalist commander, Prince Rupert, camped on Barlow Moor<\/strong> before leading the Bolton <\/strong>massacre, in which 1500 Parliamentary troops and citizens were killed.\u00a0 On 25 August 1651 the Royalists were defeated in the Battle of Wigan Lane at a hamlet which became known as Battling Wood<\/em>, which was later corrupted to Bottling Wood<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ENFRANCHISEMENT & CIVIL RIGHTS<\/strong><\/p>\n

17th<\/sup> century onwards<\/td>\n

The first MP for Manchester was not elected until 1654 but the constituency was abolished in 1660 on the restoration of the monarchy as Manchester had supported Oliver<\/strong> Cromwell<\/strong> and the parliamentarians in the civil war.\u00a0 This situation lasted throughout the 18th<\/sup> century and in 1725 Defoe described Manchester as \u2018the greatest meer village in England.\u00a0 It is neither a wall\u2019d town, city or corporation; they send no members to Parliament\u2019. \u00a0\u00a0Despite the Peterloo protests, parliamentary representation was not restored to Manchester until 1832 and the first MP, Mark Philips<\/em>, is commemorated in Philips Park<\/strong>.\u00a0 The right to vote was dependent on property ownership and in the 1860s, John Platt<\/strong>, a mill owner and the mayor of Oldham, gave his employees the freehold <\/strong>of their houses so that they could vote.<\/p>\n

The right to vote was restricted to men until 1918, largely as a result of the suffragette movement formed by Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters, whose campaigning is celebrated at the Pankhurst Centre<\/strong>.\u00a0 A much earlier milestone in women\u2019s rights is commemorated at Womanscroft<\/strong> Bridge in Bramhall, where, in 1637, a landowning woman <\/em>who \u2018had a house with a small croft<\/em> and toft\u2019 was given certain legal rights, including being a juror and being \u2018exempt from the burden of repairing the bridge over Lady Brook, known as the Woman\u2019s Croft bridge\u2019.\u00a0 This is one of the few place names in England with \u2018woman\u2019 as an element.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

JACOBITE REBELLION<\/strong><\/p>\n

1745-1746<\/td>\n

In 1745-1746 Bonnie Prince Charlie led a Jacobite army into England in an attempt to regain the throne that his father, James II, had been forced to give up in 1688.\u00a0 He reached Manchester on 28 November 1745 and is thought to have stabled his horses in Stockport, before marching on to Derby and then retreating to defeat at the Battle of Culloden.\u00a0 Longsight<\/strong> and Tiviot Dale<\/strong> are both said to owe their names to the Bonnie Prince and his army.\u00a0 It has also been suggested that Scotland<\/strong> in central Manchester was named because the Jacobite troops camped there in 1745, but this seems unlikely.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION & COAL<\/strong><\/p>\n

c.1760-1840<\/td>\n

The term \u2018industrial revolution\u2019 was invented in 1799 by the Frenchman, Louis-Guillaume Otto, and was applied to Britain by Arnold Toynbee in 1881.\u00a0 The industrial transformation of Britain in the second half of the 18th<\/sup> century and first half of the 19th<\/sup> had several causes, but chief among these was the availability and application of coal.<\/p>\n

Several place names across Greater Manchester point to the early mining of coal and other minerals:\u00a0 Cinder Hill<\/strong>, Collyhurst<\/strong>, Coldhurst<\/strong>, Cowlishaw<\/strong>, Delph<\/strong>, Orrell<\/strong>, Pitses<\/strong> and Quarlton<\/strong>.\u00a0 Daniel Defoe, who toured Great Britain in 1724-1726, described the widespread mining of coal between Wigan and Bolton, but the mines of the area were mostly shallow, with horse-powered winding gear.\u00a0 This early mine equipment is captured in Gin Pit<\/strong> village, where Gin is short for engine<\/em>.\u00a0 However, the depth of mines was limited by the dangers of flooding, which was addressed by the use of steam pumps.\u00a0 One of the first of these was installed in 1749 in Norbury<\/strong> colliery, which was frequently flooded by the Bollinhurst Brook<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

The other problem noted by Defoe was the remoteness from markets:\u00a0 \u2018they are remote; and though some of them have been brought to London, yet they are so dear, by reason of the carriage, that few care to buy them.\u2019\u00a0 This problem was initially solved by canals, notably the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong>, which was built in 1759-61, halving the price of coal in Manchester, and becoming the forerunner of the national canal network.<\/p>\n

Coal not only powered the industries of Greater Manchester; the region became a centre for the manufacture of textile machinery, industrial equipment and railway locomotives.\u00a0 Some of the manufacturers and engineers gave their names to places in the county, e.g. Simon\u2019s Bridge,<\/strong> Whitworth Park<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

The last coal mines in the county closed in the 1990s, leaving only the Lancashire Colliery Museum at Astley<\/strong> Green and a legacy of dereliction and pollution.\u00a0 However, much has been done to transform the industrial landscape into nature reserves and conservation areas, notably the Flashes of Wigan and Leigh<\/strong>, where flashes<\/em> are a local word for surface flooding caused by the collapse of underground mine workings.\u00a0 The Three Sisters<\/strong>, now a recreation area, take their name from former waste heaps at a local colliery.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\u2018COTTONOPOLIS\u2019<\/strong><\/td>\nThe term \u2018Cottonopolis\u2019 was invented in about 1851 but the textile industry started much earlier.\u00a0 The earliest mills, such as that at Bowdon<\/strong>, which is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1), or those at Milnrow<\/strong> (\u2018a row of houses by a mill\u2019) and Quarlton<\/strong> (\u2018mill hill\u2019) in the 13th<\/sup> century, were almost certainly corn or flour mills.\u00a0 The textile industry seems to have been established well before the 14th<\/sup> century, initially concentrating on flax (see Crossacres<\/strong>), wool (Walkden<\/strong>, Walkers<\/strong>) and linen (Bowker Vale<\/strong>, Gigg, Linfitt<\/strong>).\u00a0 The switch to cotton had begun by about 1725, when Daniel Defoe visited Bolton<\/strong> and noted \u2018that the cotton manufacture reach\u2019d thither\u2019.\u00a0 The rapid and large-scale expansion of cotton manufacture came later in the century with mechanisation, notably the building of the first water-powered mills at Portwood<\/strong> on the Mersey<\/strong> in 1732, at Garret<\/strong> by the River Medlock<\/strong> in about 1760 and at Thorp<\/strong> in Royton<\/strong> in 1764, Crompton\u2019s spinning mule, invented at Hall i\u2019 th\u2019 Wood<\/strong> in 1779, and Arkwright\u2019s steam-powered mill at Shudehill<\/strong> in 1783.\u00a0 In all, over 2400 cotton mills were built in the area between 1732 and 1926.<\/p>\n

The earliest mills tended to be named for the places where they were built or the brooks that powered them, but many mills, and the villages and parks around them were named by and for their owners or their wives.\u00a0 Knott Mill<\/strong>, dating from 1509, is an early example and later examples include Bealey\u2019s Goit<\/strong>, Drinkwater Park<\/strong>, Hallam Coronation Garden<\/strong>, Holt Town<\/strong>, Hope<\/strong>, Houldsworth<\/strong>, Langworthy<\/strong> and Eckersley<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

The First World War led to the loss of markets and the last mill in Greater Manchester and Lancashire \u2013 Elk Mill<\/strong> in Royton <\/strong>\u2013 was completed in 1926.\u00a0 Today, the only cotton mill remaining in production in the county is Tower Mill in Dukinfield<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

RAILWAYS<\/strong><\/p>\n

1830-1880<\/td>\n

The first railway in what is now Greater Manchester was the Bolton & Leigh, a 12-kilometre freight line opened in 1828 to connect Bolton to the Leeds & Liverpool Canal at Leigh.\u00a0 The Liverpool & Manchester, the world\u2019s first intercity passenger railway, was opened in 1830 with its eastern terminus at Liverpool Road<\/strong>.\u00a0 In the next 50 years, about 200 stations were built in Greater Manchester.\u00a0 Most were named after existing locations, but some were opened for new suburbs opened up by the railways such as Altrincham<\/strong>, Chorlton-cum<\/strong>–Hardy<\/strong> and Sale<\/strong>, and others, such as Ashburys<\/strong>, Brooklands<\/strong> and Davenport<\/strong>, were opened to serve communities named after individuals.\u00a0 In many other cases, it seems that the railways standardised the names or spelling of places which were not officially agreed:\u00a0 Astley Bridge<\/strong>, Chequerbent<\/strong>, Guide Bridge<\/strong>, Hazel Grove<\/strong>, Heald Green<\/strong>, Howe Bridge<\/strong>, Mumps<\/strong>, Newton Heath<\/strong>, Rushford<\/strong> and Stoneclough<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VICTORIAN ERA<\/strong><\/p>\n

1837-1901<\/td>\n

The reign of Queen Victoria <\/strong>coincided with the rise of Cottonopolis, and many places were named after Victoria herself (Victoria Bridge<\/strong>, Victoria Station<\/strong>, Victoria Park<\/strong>, Queen\u2019s Park<\/strong>, etc), her husband, Prince Albert (Albert Bridge<\/strong>, Albert Square<\/strong>, Albert Park<\/strong>, etc), their son, the Prince of Wales (Clarence Park<\/strong>), and his wife, Princess Alexandra (there are at least four Alexandra Parks<\/strong>).\u00a0 Victoria\u2019s golden jubilee in 1887 is commemorated in Jubilee Park<\/strong>, and Edward VII\u2019s coronation in 1902 in Coronation Street<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PUBLIC PARKS<\/strong><\/p>\n

1846<\/td>\n

It was in Greater Manchester that three of England\u2019s first municipal parks – Peel Park<\/strong>, named in honour of Sir Robert Peel<\/strong>, Philips Park<\/strong> and Queen\u2019s Park<\/strong> in Harpurhey \u2013 were opened to the public in 1846.\u00a0 Over the next 150 years, many country-house estates were donated or purchased and opened as public parks, ranging from the very small, such as Marie Louise Gardens<\/strong> in south Manchester to the enormous Heaton Park<\/strong>, acquired in 1902.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CITY OF MANCHESTER<\/strong><\/p>\n

1853<\/td>\n

Manchester had lost its MP in 1660 because it had supported Cromwell<\/strong> in the civil war, and it was not until 1832 that parliamentary representation was restored.\u00a0 This was followed by the granting of city status in 1853.\u00a0\u00a0 As a mark of civic pride, plans for a new town hall were announced in 1863 and, at the same time, Albert Square<\/strong> was laid out as a memorial to Queen Victoria\u2019s husband, Prince Albert, who had died in 1861.\u00a0 Also in 1853, the construction of the Free Trade Hall<\/strong> on the site of the Peterloo massacre of 1819 in St Peter\u2019s Square was begun to mark the repeal of the corn laws in 1846.\u00a0 In 1853, the City Manchester reached its peak as a cotton manufacturing city, with 108 mills.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SLAVERY AND THE COTTON FAMINE<\/strong><\/p>\n

1861-1865<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n

Most of Lancashire\u2019s raw cotton was grown and picked by slaves in the southern states of the U.S. until the 1860s.\u00a0 There is, however, little evidence of this in the place names of Greater Manchester.\u00a0 Notable exceptions are Kingston<\/strong> in Tameside, which was named by a slave-owner to remind him of his life in Jamaica, and Elk Mill<\/strong> in Oldham, which takes its name from a river in Tennessee from where some of the earliest slave-harvested cotton came from at the end of the 18th<\/sup> century.<\/p>\n

Despite this dependence on this cotton, there was early support in Manchester for the abolition of slavery.\u00a0 The issue was widely debated \u2013 the Manchester Movement for the Abolition of the African Slave Trade had been established in 1787 and Engels discusses slavery at several points in his 1845 study of the working class in Manchester.\u00a0 The supply of cotton became critical during the Lancashire \u2018Cotton Famine, which occurred when the American Civil War cut off Greater Manchester\u2019s cotton supplies from the southern states of the U.S.\u00a0 Despite the severe hardship, the Lancashire cotton workers supported the cause of the Union and in 1863 U.S. President Abraham Lincoln thanked them for their support for the abolition of slavery and his statue, with an extract from his letter, now stands in Lincoln Square<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

During the cotton famine, various projects were carried out to provide an income for the unemployed textile workers, notably Alexandra Park<\/strong> in Oldham, Queen\u2019s<\/strong> Park<\/strong> in Bolton, the Cotton Famine Road<\/strong> in Rochdale, the Haigh estate (now Haigh Woodland Park<\/strong>) in Wigan and the Swineshaw<\/strong> reservoirs in Tameside.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

MANCHESTER SHIP CANAL <\/strong><\/p>\n

1894<\/td>\n

The first attempt to connect Manchester to the Irish Sea was the Mersey & Irwell<\/strong> Navigation<\/strong>, which was built in 1721-1724 between Runcorn in Cheshire and Hunt\u2019s Quay<\/strong> in the centre of Manchester.\u00a0 This was not a true canal but a waterway which improved navigation on the two rivers through a series of cuts and locks.<\/p>\n

The Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> is a 58-kilometre artificial waterway between Runcorn in Cheshire and Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 It was built in 1887-1893 and was opened by Queen Victoria<\/strong> at Mode Wheel<\/strong> on 21 May 1894.\u00a0 It led to a considerable increase in trade and industry, notably the development of Trafford Park<\/strong>, the world\u2019s first industrial estate, in 1896.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

WORLD WAR I<\/strong><\/p>\n

1914-1918<\/td>\n

The military action of the First World War had little direct impact on Greater Manchester but there were Zeppelin bombing raids on Holcombe<\/strong> and Greenmount<\/strong> on 25 September 1916 and on Wigan<\/strong> on 12 April 1918.\u00a0 The Wigan raid killed seven people and a further nine were injured.\u00a0 However, the explosion at the Hooley Hill<\/strong> Munitions Factory on 13 June 1917 caused far more casualties, with 46 killed and hundreds injured.\u00a0 War memorials were erected after the war, as well as memorial parks such as Broadhurst Park<\/strong> in Moston, Dunwood Park<\/strong> in Crompton, Gallipoli Gardens<\/strong> in Bury, Tandle Hill Country Park<\/strong> in Royton, Woodbank Memorial Park<\/strong> in Stockport, and the Albert Hill VC Memorial Park<\/strong> in Denton.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
URBAN RE-HOUSING<\/strong><\/p>\n

20th<\/sup> century<\/td>\n

Urban overcrowding and slums led most of the councils of what is now Greater Manchester to build estates to re-house large numbers of residents in improved accommodation.\u00a0 The first was perhaps the New Barracks<\/strong> estate in Salford, built in 1901-04, including Coronation Street, <\/strong>and several were built under the government-funded \u2018Homes for Heroes\u2019 scheme after World War I.\u00a0 Many more followed in the 1930s, and most adopted the names of the farms, mines or areas where they were built \u2013 Brushes<\/strong>, Johnson<\/strong> Fold<\/strong>, Langley, Linnyshaw Park<\/strong> and Limeside<\/strong>.\u00a0 In some cases, new aspirational names were coined, e.g. Abbey Hills<\/strong>.\u00a0 A third option was to take the name of a local hall or its grounds and apply it to the whole new housing estate, e.g. Polefield<\/strong> and Wythenshawe<\/strong>. \u00a0As these estates expanded, older settlements were absorbed (Brownley Green<\/strong>, Crossacres<\/strong>, Poundswick<\/strong>, Royal Oak<\/strong>, Saxfield<\/strong>) and some have largely disappeared.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CITY OF SALFORD<\/strong><\/p>\n

1926<\/td>\n

Salford <\/strong>was granted city status in 1926 but this was not marked by any new civic buildings.\u00a0 However, city status coincided with the announcement of plans to build the first of a new type of \u2018super cinema\u2019 outside London \u2013 the Ambassador<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WORLD WAR II<\/strong><\/p>\n

1939-1945<\/td>\n

Between July 1940 and July 1942, Greater Manchester was subject to repeated German bombing raids, including the \u2018Manchester blitz\u2019 of 22-24 December 1940.\u00a0 684 people were killed, 2364 were injured and there was widespread destruction.\u00a0 Many buildings were damaged, and St Augustine\u2019s and All Saints<\/strong> churches were so badly damaged that they had to be demolished.\u00a0 Late in the war, on 24 December 1944, there were V-1 flying bomb attacks on Abbey Hills<\/strong>, Tottington<\/strong>, Davenport<\/strong> and Worsley<\/strong> which claimed 37 lives.\u00a0 Whitehead Gardens<\/strong> in Tottington commemorate these victims.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREATER MANCHESTER<\/strong><\/p>\n

1 April 1974<\/td>\n

The new county of Greater Manchester<\/strong> was created on 1 April 1974 from parts of north-east Cheshire<\/strong>, south-east Lancashire<\/strong>, and the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is composed of 10 Metropolitan Boroughs:\u00a0 Bolton<\/strong>, Bury<\/strong>, the City of Manchester<\/strong>, Oldham<\/strong>, Rochdale<\/strong>, the City of Salford<\/strong>, Stockport<\/strong>, Tameside<\/strong>, Trafford <\/strong>and Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 All of these except Tameside were pre-existing names dating from mediaeval times or earlier.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
METROLINK & REGENERATION<\/strong><\/p>\n

1992 onwards<\/td>\n

Greater Manchester, and the City of Manchester in particular, have undergone widespread regeneration since the 1990s, some of which have revived names that were fading from use (New Cross<\/strong>, New Islington<\/strong>).\u00a0 The Metrolink tram system, now the largest in the UK, was opened in 1992 and not only preserves the names of older parts of the county (Bess o\u2019 th\u2019 Barn<\/strong>, Pomona<\/strong>, Shadow Moss<\/strong>) and closed or disused railway stations (Cornbrook<\/strong>, Derker<\/strong>, Failsworth<\/strong>, Hollinwood<\/strong>, Milnrow<\/strong>, Oldham Mumps<\/strong>), but includes stops named after new areas (Anchorage<\/strong>, Etihad Campus<\/strong>, MediaCityUK<\/strong>, Salford Quays<\/strong>, Velopark<\/strong>).\u00a0 The new skyscraper area to the south of Manchester city centre is becoming known as \u201cManc-hattan<\/strong>\u201d.<\/p>\n

However, regeneration has meant not just demolition and modernistic architecture.\u00a0 There has also been a movement towards the restoration and repurposing of mills and markets such as Manchester\u2019s Mackie Mayor<\/strong> and Stockport\u2019s Weir Mill<\/strong>, based on what has sometimes been called the \u2018Altrincham<\/strong> model\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

CULTURES & LIFESTYLES<\/strong><\/td>\nPerhaps the stereotypical images of Greater Manchester are captured in the artwork of L S Lowry <\/strong>(see Appendix 2) and \u00a0P A Valette (Appendix 3), and the TV soap opera Coronation Street<\/strong>.\u00a0 However, in the years since the war and particularly since 1974, new communities and cultures have emerged, and some of these have given rise to new place names.\u00a0 These were initially unofficial but some have now been adopted officially:\u00a0 China Town<\/strong>, Curry Mile<\/strong>, Gay<\/strong> Village<\/strong>, Madchester<\/strong> and the Northern Quarter<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EXPORTED NAMES<\/strong><\/td>\nThe names of many settlements in Greater Manchester have been \u2018exported\u2019 or transferred to other countries overseas.\u00a0 This was often the result of colonial settlement, when British settlers wanted to commemorate their home towns.\u00a0 In other cases, and especially in the case of places named after Manchester, the inhabitants aspired to emulate the industrial innovation and success of Lancashire towns.\u00a0 However, several places turn out to be eponyms rather than transferred names, i.e. they are named after local worthies rather than English towns, so it is said that Manchester in Iowa was named by inverting the name of William Chesterman, one of its founders, and Oldham in Missouri was named after a Mr Asa Old who sold hams.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bolton<\/td>\nConnecticut, USA<\/td>\nIncorporated in 1720 and named by early settlers, many of whom came from Bolton in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Illinois, USA<\/td>\nProbably named after Bolton in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Iowa, USA<\/td>\nProbably named after Bolton in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kansas, USA<\/td>\nProbably named after Bolton in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Maryland, USA<\/td>\nBolton Hill:\u00a0 named after the estate of George Grundy, a Baltimore merchant who named his estate after his native Bolton in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ohio, USA<\/td>\nProbably named after Bolton in Lancashire by early settlers.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Vermont, USA<\/td>\nFounded in 1763 and probably named by early settlers from Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Virginia, USA<\/td>\nProbably named after Bolton in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bury<\/td>\nQuebec, Canada<\/td>\nNamed in 1803 after Bury in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Didsbury<\/td>\nAlberta, Canada<\/td>\nFounded and named in 1902 after Didsbury in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Edgeley<\/td>\nNorth Dakota, USA<\/td>\nFounded and named in 1886 by Richard Sykes, who was born in Edgeley in Cheshire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Heywood<\/td>\nVictoria, Australia<\/td>\nSurveyed in 1852 by Lindsay Clarke and named after Heywood in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Manchester<\/td>\nBolivia<\/td>\nFounded and named by Anthony Webster-James, a metallurgist from Manchester in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nova Scotia, Canada<\/td>\nProbably named after Manchester in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
California, USA<\/td>\nEstablished in 1871 and named by an early settler after his former home in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Connecticut, USA<\/td>\nSettled in around 1672 as Five-Mile Tract and renamed in 1823 after Manchester in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Georgia, USA<\/td>\nFounded in 1907 and named after Manchester in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Indiana, USA<\/td>\nThe town was established in 1822 and probably named after Manchester in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kansas, USA<\/td>\nLaid out in 1887 as Keystone but changed to Manchester by 1890.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kentucky, USA<\/td>\nFounded in 1807 as Greenville but changed to Manchester later that year as local business people aspired to Manchester\u2019s industrial success.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Maryland, USA<\/td>\nThe town was incorporated in 1833 as Manchester Germantown, combining the names of two communities.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Massachusetts, USA<\/td>\nManchester-by-the-Sea:\u00a0 Originally named Manchester by colonists in 1629 after Manchester in Lancashire; renamed Manchester-by-the-Sea in 1989.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Michigan, USA<\/td>\nIncorporated as a village in 1867 to take advantage of water power from the river and named after Manchester in Lancashire, which had pioneered water-powered industry.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Missouri, USA<\/td>\nThe village was incorporated in 1950 and named after Manchester by an English settler.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
New Hampshire, USA<\/td>\nNamed in 1810 by Samuel Blodget, after visiting Manchester in England in the hope that it would emulate the industry of Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
New Jersey, USA<\/td>\nIncorporated as a township in 1865 and named by William Torrey after Manchester in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
New York, USA<\/td>\nThe town was settled in 1793 as Burt but changed to Manchester in 1822 in the hope that its textile mills would emulate those of Manchester in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ohio, USA<\/td>\nThe settlement was founded in 1790 and named Massie’s Station after Nathaniel Massie, but was later renamed Manchester after the Lancashire town, which was Massie\u2019s ancestral home.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Oklahoma, USA<\/td>\nPossibly named after Manchester in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pennsylvania, USA<\/td>\nThe village was settled in 1814 and originally named Liverpool, but the name was later changed to Manchester.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tennessee, USA<\/td>\nThe city was originally founded before 1817 and named after Manchester in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Washington, USA<\/td>\nThe town was established in the 1860s as Brooklyn but in 1892 the name was changed to Manchester after the Lancashire city.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
West Virginia, USA<\/td>\nNew Manchester:\u00a0 The town was originally laid out in 1810 as Manchester.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mersey<\/td>\nNova Scotia, Canada<\/td>\nMersey River is named after the English river and flows into the Atlantic at Liverpool, Nova Scotia.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tasmania, Australia<\/td>\nThe Mersey River on the north-west coast of Tasmania flows into the Bass strait at Devonport.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Oldham<\/td>\nNova Scotia, Canada<\/td>\nThe town was named by Joseph Howe after his ancestral home in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mississippi, USA<\/td>\nThe town was probably named after Oldham in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
South Dakota, USA<\/td>\nEither named after Oldham Carrot, a local landowner, or named after Oldham in Lancashire, the home of an early settler.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rochdale<\/td>\nMassachusetts, USA<\/td>\nNamed Rochdale in 1869 because some early settlers came from Lancashire and hoped that similar types of cloth could be manufactured in Massachusetts.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mississippi, USA<\/td>\nThe town was named after Rochdale in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Queens, New York, USA<\/td>\nThis 1960s cooperative housing development was named after Rochdale in Lancashire, the birthplace of the cooperative movement.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
North Carolina, USA<\/td>\nThe town was probably named after Rochdale in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Saddleworth<\/td>\nSouth Australia<\/td>\nSaddleworth was built in the 1840s on land originally owned by James Masters, and named after his former home in West Yorkshire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Salford<\/td>\nOntario, Canada<\/td>\nThe place was originally called New Manchester, but in 1855 the name was changed and named after Salford in Cheshire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pennsylvania, USA<\/td>\nThe town was established in about 1727 and named after Salford in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Stockport<\/td>\nSouth Australia<\/td>\nThe small town was founded in 1845 by Samuel Stocks junior and named after his birthplace in Cheshire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lake Ontario, Canada<\/td>\nStockport Islands:\u00a0 The islands were named by early explorers after their birthplace in Cheshire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Iowa, USA<\/td>\nThe town was settled in the late 19th<\/sup> century and incorporated in 1902.\u00a0 It was probably named after Stockport in Cheshire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
New York, USA<\/td>\nThe town was established in 1833 and named by James Wild, who was originally from Stockport in Cheshire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ohio, USA<\/td>\nThe town was named in 1838 by its first postmaster, Samuel Beswick, after Stockport in Cheshire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
A<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ABBEY HEY <\/strong>is a residential and recreational area of Gorton<\/strong>, east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The origin of the name is probably \u2018an abbey in or with an enclosed field\u2019, from abbey<\/em> + Old English hecg <\/em>or hege<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a hedge\u2019).\u00a0 While there is no archaeological or documentary evidence of an abbey or monastery in the area in mediaeval times, in 1309 the lord of the manor assigned land in the Gorton area to the Cistercian Abbey<\/em> of Dore, explaining the name Abbey Hey.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ABBEY HILLS<\/strong> is a district in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 There is no abbey in the area, which was originally known as Wabbow Hills<\/em> as it surrounded a farm of that name.\u00a0 It is assumed that Wabbow<\/em> was the personal name of the original owner of the farmstead but no record can be found of him.\u00a0 In the 1930s a large housing estate was built in the area and the more aspirational name Abbey Hills<\/em> was adopted.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ABBOTSFIELD PARK<\/strong> is a public park and miniature railway in Flixton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 An Abbot<\/strong> family lived in the area in the mid-17th<\/sup> century and streets and localities were named after them.\u00a0 In 1889 a local cotton mill owner, James Stott, built a large family residence and named it Abbotsfield<\/em>, which was taken over as a civilian hospital during World War II.\u00a0 In 1945 the house was returned to its pre-war owners, the Conservative Club, but the local park, the Flixton Recreational Ground, was renamed Abbotsfield Park to commemorate the work of the hospital staff during the war.\u00a0 The park is also known as Chassen Park<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ABNEY HALL PARK <\/strong>is an 80-hectare public park in Cheadle <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The park is set in the grounds of Abney Hall, which was owned by Sir James Watts and who named the estate after Sir Thomas Abney<\/em> (1640-1722), a banker and Lord Mayor of London who had offered a home to his father in Stoke Newington for many years.\u00a0 In 1958 Abney Hall was sold to the local authority, which used the hall as Cheadle town hall and opened the grounds to the public.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ABRAHAM MOSS<\/strong> is a Metrolink tram stop in Cheetham Hill<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong> which was opened on 18 April 2011.\u00a0 It serves various facilities in the area \u2013 a community school, and a library and leisure centre \u2013 all named after Abraham Moss<\/em> (1888\/89-1964), who was Lord Mayor of Manchester in 1953-1954 and President of the Board of Deputies of British Jews at the time of his death.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ABRAM<\/strong> is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded from 1199 as Hadburham<\/em>, but Abraham<\/em> is recorded in 1372 and the modern spelling is found from 1461.\u00a0 The meaning is \u2018homestead or village of a woman called Eadburh\u2019 from the Anglo-Saxon personal name \u0112adburg<\/em> + h<\/em>\u0101m<\/em> (\u2018homestead, village\u2019).\u00a0\u00a0 By the end of the 14th<\/sup> century the name had been rationalised from the Anglo-Saxon to the Biblical Abraham<\/em>, which was later shortened to Abram<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ABRAM FLASH <\/strong>is a 40-hectare nature reserve in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan <\/strong>that forms part of the Flashes of Wigan and Leigh<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 It is on the site of Abram Colliery, a coal mine which opened in about 1870 and finally closed in 1956.\u00a0 It takes its name from the village of Abram<\/strong> and flash<\/em>, a lake formed by subsidence.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ACKHURST BROOK <\/strong>is a 2-kilometre stream that flows north east to join the River Douglas<\/strong> near Crooke<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1686 as Ackhurst<\/em> Hall and means \u2018hill with oak trees\u2019, from the Old English \u0101c<\/em> (\u2018oak tree\u2019) + hyrst<\/em> (\u2018wooded hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ACRES <\/strong>is an area in Chadderton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name and origin are not well documented, but there are several other places in the area with acre<\/em> in their name, for example Crossacres<\/strong> and Greenacres<\/strong>.\u00a0 The origin, therefore, may well be Old English aecers<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018fields, plots of cultivated land\u2019), which gives us the modern measure of land, which literally means \u2018a measure of land which a yoke of oxen could plough in a day\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ACRESFIELD\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>ST ANN\u2019S SQUARE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ADAM\u2019S CROSS <\/strong>is a rock formation in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is said to be the site of pagan rituals but nothing is known of the origin of the name, which was recorded on the 1843 Ordnance Survey map, and both elements are opaque:\u00a0 there is no known link to the Biblical Adam<\/em> or to any local person named Adam<\/em>, and there is no record of a cross <\/em>at the site.\u00a0 However, nearby is the Platt Memorial Cross at Ashway<\/strong> Gap, but the name has no connection to Adam\u2019s Cross.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ADELPHI<\/strong> is a locality in the City of Salford<\/strong> west of Adelphi Street and within the U-shaped bend of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area was developed in the late 18th<\/sup> and early 19th<\/sup> centuries.\u00a0 In 1793, Adelphi Weir was built to harness the waters of the Irwell for a cotton mill.\u00a0 In the following years, print, dye and bleach works were built in the area, as well as swimming baths, all taking the name Adelphi<\/em>.\u00a0 The name is an example of gentrification \u2013 one of several areas in Salford and Manchester<\/strong> (e.g. Piccadilly<\/strong>) that adopted the names of fashionable areas of London.\u00a0 The original Adelphi<\/em> area of London was designed and built by the famous architect, Robert Adam, and his three brothers in 1768-1772, hence the name, which is Greek for \u2018brothers\u2019.\u00a0 Parts of Adelphi in Salford seem to have been fashionable \u2013 Adelphi House was built in 1808 as the home of a wealthy businessman and it is now part of the University of Salford.\u00a0 However, over time Adelphi became increasingly grim and industrialised, but today the area has undergone urban regeneration and is fashionable once again.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ADSWOOD <\/strong>is a suburb of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> and was part of Cheshire until 1974.\u00a0 The name is found from the mid-13th<\/sup> century as Addiswode<\/em>, meaning \u2018\u00c6ddi\u2019s wood\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name \u00c6ddi<\/em> + wudu<\/em>.\u00a0 Suggestions that the name is shortened from Adders\u2019 Wood, a snake-infested royal hunting ground in the reign of King Charles II (1625-1649), are probably folk etymology.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AFFETSIDE<\/strong> is a village in the western area of the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but the current spelling is first found in 1504.\u00a0 It means \u2018the boundary on the hill\u2019 from the Old English ofes<\/em> (\u2018border, boundary\u2019) + side <\/em>(\u2018hillside\u2019).\u00a0 The hill is 270 metres high and the boundary is marked by Watling Street (not the old Roman road), which today marks the boundary between Bury and Bolton<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AFFLECK\u2019S<\/strong> is an indoor market for independent traders in the City of Manchester<\/strong>\u2019s Northern Quarter<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is housed in a building originally built in the 1860s as Affleck and Brown\u2019s<\/em> drapery store.\u00a0 The company was founded by John Brown (1824-1901) and fellow Scot Robert Affleck<\/em> (1818-1888).\u00a0 The company closed in 1973 but the building was reopened as Affleck\u2019s Palace in 1982.\u00a0 It closed in March 2008 but was again reopened under new management as Affleck\u2019s in April 2008.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AGECROFT <\/strong>is a district of Pendlebury<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded as Achecroft<\/em> in 1394.\u00a0 There have been various suggestions for its name:\u00a0 one is that it is \u2018field of wild celery\u2019 from Old English ache<\/em> + croft<\/em>; others, perhaps more likely, are that the first element is edge<\/em>, meaning \u2018brink\u2019, or Ecga<\/em>, a personal name.\u00a0 Agecroft Hall, a Tudor country house, once stood in the area but it was auctioned off in 1925, dismantled and re-erected in Richmond, Virginia.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AIGGIN STONE<\/strong> is thought to be a mediaeval stone marking the old boundary between Lancashire<\/strong> and Yorkshire<\/strong>, north of Blackstone Edge<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was first recorded in 1800 and various suggestions have been put forward to account for its name:\u00a0 it might be a corruption of Edge Stone<\/em>, a rendering of the Latin agger<\/em> (\u2018pile, heap, mound\u2019), or it could be derived from the French aguille <\/em>(\u2018needle, sharp-pointed rock\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AINSWORTH<\/strong> is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>, also known as Cockey Moor<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in about 1200 as Haineswrthe<\/em>, meaning \u2018\u00c6gen\u2019s enclosure\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name \u00c6gen<\/em> + Old English worth<\/em> (\u2018enclosure, enclosed settlement\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALAN TURING MEMORIAL<\/strong> is a sculpture erected in 2001 in Sackville Gardens<\/strong> in central Manchester <\/strong>to commemorate Alan Turing<\/em> (1912-1954), who lived and worked in Manchester from 1948 until his death in 1954.\u00a0 The inscription on the memorial reads, \u2018Father of Computer Science, Mathematician, Logician, Wartime Codebreaker, Victim of Prejudice\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALBERT BRIDGE <\/strong>is an arched-bridge over the River Irwell<\/strong>, linking Salford<\/strong> to Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 1843-1844 to replace the earlier New Bailey<\/strong> Bridge, and was named after Prince Albert<\/em> (1819-1861), after his marriage to Queen Victoria in 1840 and the construction of Victoria Bridge<\/strong> in 1838-1839.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALBERT HALL <\/strong>is a music venue in central Manchester<\/strong> that was originally built by the Manchester and Salford <\/strong>Wesleyan Mission in 1908 as the Albert Hall and Aston Institute.\u00a0 It was named after Prince Albert<\/em> (1819-1861), the husband of Queen Victoria<\/strong>, and the principal donor, Edward Aston <\/em>(1840-1911).\u00a0 It was closed in 1969 and in 1999 it was converted into a nightclub named Brannigan\u2019s after the Irish policeman and boxer, James Christopher Brannigan<\/em> (1910-1986).\u00a0 The club closed in 2011 and the building was refurbished as a music hall, re-opening as Albert Hall in 2013.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALBERT HILL VC MEMORIAL PARK<\/strong> is a small public park and garden of remembrance in Denton <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened on 22 May 1958 and commemorates Albert Hill<\/em> (1895-1971), who lived in Denton from 1907 till 1923 and won the Victoria Cross during the Battle of the Somme in 1916.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALBERT PARK<\/strong> is a 6-hectare public park in Broughton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in 1877 and named in memory of Prince Albert<\/em>, Queen Victoria<\/strong>\u2019s husband, who had died in 1861.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALBERT PARK <\/strong>is a residential area of West Didsbury<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>, about 6.5 kilometres south of the city centre.\u00a0 The area was developed as an affluent housing area in 1862-70 and named after Prince Albert<\/em>, Queen Victoria<\/strong>\u2019s husband, who had died in 1861.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALBERT SQUARE<\/strong> is a pedestrianised space in front of Manchester<\/strong> Town Hall.\u00a0 It was laid out in 1863-1864 as a memorial to Queen Victoria<\/strong>\u2019s husband, Prince Albert<\/em>, who had died in 1861, and to provide a fitting location for a statue of Albert which had been commissioned the city.\u00a0 Victoria was invited to open the Square but declined, and she also declined to open the Town Hall when it was completed in 1877.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALDER BARROW \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> OWLER BARROW<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALDER FOREST<\/strong> is a residential area in Eccles<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong> that also includes the 8.23-hectare Alder Forest Playing Field.\u00a0 There is little documentation relating to the name and its derivation, but it clearly suggests the presence of alder forests in this area, the name probably coming from the Old English alor<\/em>, meaning \u2018an alder tree\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALDERMAN\u2019S HILL <\/strong>and Alphin Pike <\/strong>are both hills in the Peak District<\/strong> overlooking Uppermill<\/strong> and the Tame<\/strong> valley in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Alderman\u2019s Hill is recorded in 1817 and probably means \u2018old man\u2019, from Old English ald <\/em>or eald <\/em>+ mann<\/em>.\u00a0 According to local legend, Alder<\/em> and Alphin<\/em> were Saddleworth<\/strong> giants who fought a battle over a water nymph called Rimmon<\/strong> who lived in Chew Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 They threw boulders across the valley (see Pots and Pans<\/strong>) and Alphin was killed, while Rimmon, who loved Alphin, killed herself.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALDER ROOT <\/strong>is a residential area of Chadderton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is said to be recorded in the 16th<\/sup> century but by 1826 it was linked with Cowhill <\/strong>as a small village.\u00a0 The name probably means \u2018spur of land with alder trees\u2019, from the Old English alor <\/em>(\u2018an alder tree\u2019) + wrot<\/em> (\u2018snout; spur of land shaped like a snout\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALDPORT<\/strong> was a district in central Manchester<\/strong> to the south of what is now Deansgate<\/strong> (which was formerly known as Aldport Street).\u00a0 The name first appears in 1281 and can be explained as meaning simply \u2018old town\u2019, from Old English ald<\/em> + port<\/em>.\u00a0 However, the area was close to the old Roman garrison and it may be that port<\/em> in this context meant \u2018walled town or fort\u2019.\u00a0 The area was demolished in the 1890s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALEXANDRA PARK, Edgeley<\/strong> is a 24-hectare park in the Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was laid out in the grounds of what had been Edgeley House and was opened to the public as Alexandra Park in 1870.\u00a0 It was named after Princess Alexandra<\/em> (1844-1925), who married the Prince of Wales in 1863.\u00a0 On Queen Victoria\u2019s death in 1901, he became King Edward VII and she became Queen Alexandra.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALEXANDRA PARK, Moss Side<\/strong> is a 24-hectare public park in Whalley Range<\/strong> and Moss Side<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The site was purchased by Manchester Corporation in 1864 from William Egerton<\/strong> and opened to the public in 1870.\u00a0 It was named after Princess Alexandra<\/em> (1844-1925), who had married the Prince of Wales in 1863, and who became Queen Alexandra on Queen Victoria<\/strong>\u2019s death in 1901.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALEXANDRA PARK, Oldham<\/strong> is a 23-hectare public park in Glodwick<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was laid out in 1863-1865 as a way of giving work to textile workers during the Lancashire Cotton Famine<\/strong> of 1861-1865, when cotton could not be imported from the southern United States because of the American Civil War.\u00a0 It was opened on 28 August 1865 and named after Princess Alexandra<\/em> (1844-1925), who had married the Prince of Wales in 1863, and who became Queen Alexandra on Queen Victoria<\/strong>\u2019s death in 1901.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALEXANDRA PARK, Wigan <\/strong>is a 7-hectare public park in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was laid out on land donated by Colonel Henry Blundell-Hollinshead-Blundell (1831-1906) and opened in April 1903.\u00a0 It was named after Queen Alexandra<\/em>, who became queen in 1901 when her husband succeeded Queen Victoria<\/strong> as King Edward VII.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALKRINGTON<\/strong> or ALKINGTON GARDEN VILLAGE<\/strong> is a suburb of Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1212 as Alkinton<\/em>, meaning \u2018the village of Alhhere<\/em>\u2019s people\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + Old English -ing-<\/em> (\u2018belonging to; followers of\u2019) + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2019enclosure, village\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALL SAINTS <\/strong>is a district in central Manchester<\/strong>, part of which now forms the All Saints Campus of Manchester Metropolitan University.\u00a0 It is one of the few place names in Greater Manchester with an overtly religious origin, taking its name from the Anglican All Saints Church, which was completed in 1820.\u00a0 The church was badly damaged in the blitz of December 1940 and was demolished in 1946.\u00a0 The graveyard had been made into a children\u2019s playground in the 1930s and now forms part of the park in Grosvenor Square<\/strong>.\u00a0 (See<\/em> Appendix 3 for Valette\u2019s paintings of All Saints Square and other locations in Greater Manchester)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALMA PARK<\/strong> is a residential area of the City of Manchester<\/strong>, south-east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but, along with numerous other places in Britain, it commemorates the Battle of Alma<\/em> on 20 September 1854 during the Crimean War.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALPHIN PIKE <\/strong>is a 470-metre hill in the Peak District<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name was recorded in 1468 as Alphenstone <\/em>and in 1817 as Alfin Hill<\/em>, probably from Old English elfen <\/em>(\u2018elf, fairy\u2019) + st<\/em>\u0101n<\/em> (\u2018stone\u2019).\u00a0 In local legend, Alphin was a giant who fought Alderman<\/strong> for the love of the nymph Rimmon<\/strong>.\u00a0 Alphin Pike (from Old English pike, <\/em>\u2018pointed hill\u2019) seems to be one of only a few hills in Greater Manchester<\/strong> called \u2018pike\u2019.\u00a0\u00a0 See also<\/em> ALDERMAN\u2019S HILL<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALT <\/strong>is a village in the Borough of Oldham<\/strong> that was formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in about 1190 and is said to take its name from the Celtic allt<\/em> meaning \u2018hill or hillside\u2019, referring to Alt Hill.\u00a0 The name does not seem to be related to that of the River Alt in Merseyside<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALTRINCHAM<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> that was formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1290 as Aldringeham<\/em> and with its modern spelling from 1321.\u00a0 It means \u2018the village of Aldhere<\/em>\u2019s people\u2019 from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + -inga-<\/em> (\u2018followers of\u2019) + h<\/em>\u0101m<\/em> (\u2018homestead, village\u2019).\u00a0 Altrincham is one of the few places in Greater Manchester with the h<\/em>\u0101m<\/em> element.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The AMBASSADOR<\/strong> was a \u2018super cinema\u2019 and variety theatre in Pendleton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The announcement of plans to build the new theatre \u2013 the first of a new generation of cinemas to be built outside London \u2013 coincided with the granting of city status to Salford in 1926.\u00a0 It opened on Christmas Eve 1928 and was, like many theatres and cinemas at the time, named the Ambassador.\u00a0 The original Ambassadors Theatre<\/em> was built in London in 1913 and named after the first British ambassadors \u2013 the word dates from the 14th<\/sup> century but it was only in 1893 that it was adopted as an official diplomatic title and theatres saw themselves as ambassadors for drama and the arts.\u00a0 The Ambassador in Salford became a bingo hall in 1961 and was demolished in 2004.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AMBERSWOOD<\/strong> is a 160-hectare nature reserve in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> that forms one of the sites of the Flashes of Wigan and Leigh<\/strong>.\u00a0 It occupies the site of Amberswood<\/em> Colliery, which began operations in 1855 and closed down as an opencast mine in 1988.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the opening of the mine in 1855 and the railway station in 1872.\u00a0 The name may literally mean \u2018wood where amber is found\u2019, from the Norman-French aumbre <\/em>+ Old English wudu<\/em>, but there are no place names in England listed with this derivation \u2013 the others are either eponyms or take their names from the Old English amore<\/em>, meaning \u2018bunting bird\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ANCHORAGE <\/strong>is a Metrolink tram stop in Salford Quays<\/strong> which was opened on 6 December 1999.\u00a0 It takes its name from the Anchorage<\/em> residential and commercial block located at the end of Erie Basin that was constructed in 1991.\u00a0 All the basins and localities in the redeveloped Salford Quays are named after places in North America, and so the Anchorage block is presumably named after Anchorage<\/em>, Alaska.\u00a0 <\/strong>Anchorage in Alaska was originally named Anchor Point<\/em> by Captain James Cook in 1778 but was later renamed Anchorage<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ANCOATS <\/strong>is an inner-city suburb of Manchester<\/strong> that was first recorded in 1212 as Einecote<\/em>.\u00a0 Its original meaning seems to \u2018lonely huts or cottages\u2019 from Old English \u0101na<\/em>, \u2018lonely\u2019, + cot<\/em>, \u2018cottage\u2019.\u00a0 The alternative theory that the original name was Annacots,<\/em> meaning \u2018Anna\u2019s cottages\u2019 or \u2018the dwelling of Anna\u2019 is now discounted.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ANGEL MEADOWS <\/strong>is a 3-hectare public park in central Manchester<\/strong> close to Victoria Station<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is set in what was an affluent area which took its name from St Michael and All Angels <\/em>Church, which was built in 1788, but it became one of the city\u2019s worst slums in the 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The area was cleared in the 1960s and Angel Meadows was laid out in 2004.\u00a0 See also<\/em> St Michael\u2019s Flags and Angel Meadow Park.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ANNIE LEE\u2019S <\/strong>playing fields in Gorton<\/strong> are after named after Annie Lee<\/em>, who was leader of the Openshaw<\/strong> Labour Party from the 1890s and, later, a Manchester alderman.\u00a0 She died in 1945.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AO ARENA\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> MANCHESTER ARENA<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
APETHORN BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises west of Gee Cross<\/strong> in Hyde <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> and flows north-west to empty into the Tame.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1750 and Apethorn<\/em> Farm<\/em> is thought to date back to the 15th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name probably means \u2018thorny wild-rose tree\u2019, from the Old English h<\/em>\u0113opa <\/em>+ thorn<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The APOLLO THEATRE<\/strong> is a theatre and music venue in Ardwick <\/strong>in the City of Manchester <\/strong>that was opened in August 1938.\u00a0 It is appropriately named after the Greek god Apollo<\/em>, the god of music, dance, poetry and the arts.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ARDEN PARK<\/strong> is a residential area south-east of Brinnington<\/strong> and Reddish<\/strong> Vale in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century as Arderne<\/em> or Hawardene, the family name of Sir John de Arderne<\/em> and his descendants.\u00a0 The family built Arden Hall in about 1597 but this had become derelict by the mid-19th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ARDWICK <\/strong>is an area of the City of Manchester<\/strong> about 1.5 kilometres south-east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1282 as Atheriswyke<\/em>, an eponym meaning \u2018Eadred <\/em>or \u00c6thelred<\/em>\u2019s farm or workplace\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + w<\/em>\u012bc <\/em>(\u2018homestead, farmstead, workplace\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ARMENTIERES SQUARE <\/strong>is a public retail and leisure area close to the Huddersfield Canal in central Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 Stalybridge was twinned with Armenti<\/em>\u00e8res<\/em> in northern France near the border of Belgium in 1995 and the square was named to commemorate this link.\u00a0 Armenti\u00e8res means \u2018cattle for ploughing\u2019 from the Gallo-Roman armentum.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ARMOURY BRIDGE <\/strong>is a road bridge over the main Manchester-London main line in Edgeley<\/strong> in Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The original bridge was built in the mid-19th<\/sup> century, presumably soon after Stockport station was opened by the Manchester & Birmingham Railway in 1843.\u00a0 It was replaced in 1958 and again in 2025.\u00a0 It takes its name from the nearby Stockport Armoury<\/em>, built in 1862 as a military establishment and still in use as a Territorial Army centre.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ARNDALE CENTRE<\/strong> is a large retail centre close to central Manchester<\/strong> that was opened in 1975. Many Arndale Centres were built across Britain in the 1960s and 1970s, of which Manchester was the largest.\u00a0 The name Arndale was formed from the names of the owners of the company that owned it \u2013 Arn<\/em>old Hagenbach and Sam Chippindale<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASH BROOK, ASHBROOK HEY\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>\u00a0Ashbrook Hey is a residential area of the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, north-east of Rochdale town centre, which takes its name from Ash Brook<\/em>, a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are several streams named Ash Brook in Britain, and all mean either \u2018the east brook\u2019, from Old English \u0113ast<\/em>\u00a0+\u00a0br\u014dc<\/em>\u00a0\u2018, or \u2019brook beside ash trees\u2019, from Old English\u00a0\u00e6sc<\/em>\u00a0+\u00a0br\u014dc<\/em>.\u00a0 The village of Ashbrook Hey grew up around a farmhouse of that name dating from 1673, which adds Hey, from Old English hecge<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a hedge\u2019), to the name of the stream to indicate that it was enclosed with a hedge.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASHBURTON<\/strong> is an area of Trafford Park<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1886, when the Ashburton Road bridge was built over the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is believed it is named after the 1st<\/sup> Baron Ashburton<\/em> (1731-1783), who was made Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster in 1782 and who had taken his title from Ashburton<\/em> in Devon.\u00a0 The name means \u2018village by the stream where ash trees grow\u2019, from the Old English \u00e6sc <\/em>(\u2018ash tree) + burna<\/em> (\u2018stream\u2019) + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018village\u2019).\u00a0 In 1973 there was a proposal to name the new metropolitan borough in south-west Greater Manchester Ashburton as it contained the letters of some of the main towns \u2013 A<\/strong>ltrincham, S<\/strong>ale\/S<\/strong>tretford, H<\/strong>ale, B<\/strong>owdon, U<\/strong>rmston and Warburton<\/strong>.\u00a0 However, this proposal was rejected and the name Trafford was adopted in 1974.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASHBURYS <\/strong>is a railway station in Openshaw<\/strong>, about 5 kilometres east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 Ashburys takes its name not from a location but from the Ashbury Railway Carriage & Iron Company<\/em> of Openshaw which originally paid for it to be built by the Sheffield Ashton-under-Lyne & Manchester Railway in July 1855.\u00a0 The company was founded in 1837 by John Ashbury <\/em>(1806-1866) and moved to Openshaw in 1847. \u00a0It was closed down in 1928 and the works were demolished in the early 1930s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASHLEY HEATH <\/strong>is a residential area south-west of Hale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford.\u00a0 <\/strong>The village of Ashley<\/em> in Cheshire<\/strong> is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Acelie<\/em>.\u00a0 Several kilometres to the north is the village of Ashley Heath, formerly in Cheshire but now in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 This name is not recorded until 1746 and comes from the Old English \u00e6sc<\/em> (\u2018ash\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018clearing; pasture\u2019) + h\u0101th <\/em>(\u2018uncultivated land of heather\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASHTON-IN-MAKERFIELD<\/strong>\u00a0is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are several places called Ashton<\/em> in Britain, all originally meaning \u2018ash-tree farmstead or village\u2019 and deriving their names from Old English\u00a0\u00e6sc +t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>, but some have defining additions to distinguish them from other Ashtons.\u00a0 \u00a0The situation was particularly confusing in the north-west as the Assheton family at one time owned what are now known as Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong>, Ashton-on-Mersey<\/strong>, and Ashton-on-Ribble.\u00a0 The first record of Ashton-in-Makerfield is in 1212 as Eston<\/em>.\u00a0 Most sources state vaguely that \u2018in-Makerfield\u2019 was added at a later date, but it was certainly in use by 1589, when the grammar school was founded.\u00a0 Makerfield <\/strong>is derived from an old Celtic name for a wall or ruin + Old English feld<\/em>, meaning \u2018open land\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASHTON MOSS<\/strong> is a residential area west of Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is uncertain when the separate name evolved but the moss<\/em> or bog land of the area was drained and cultivated in the 1830s and the Ashton or New Moss Colliery was opened in 1881.\u00a0 The colliery closed in 1959.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASHTON-UNDER-LYNE<\/strong>\u00a0is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are several places called Ashton<\/em> in Britain, all originally meaning \u2018ash-tree farmstead or village\u2019 and deriving their names from Old English\u00a0\u00e6sc +t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>, but some have defining additions to distinguish them from other Ashtons.\u00a0 \u00a0The situation was particularly confusing in the north-west as the Assheton family at one time owned what are now known as Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong>, Ashton-on-Mersey, and Ashton-on-Ribble.\u00a0 Ashton-under-Lyne is first recorded in about 1160 simply as Haistune <\/em>but is distinguished as Asshton<\/em> under Lyme<\/em> by 1305.\u00a0 Despite the spelling, lyme<\/em> does not mean \u2018lime\u2019 but refers to the ancient Lancashire Forest and is ultimately thought to derive from the Celtic name for \u2018elm\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASHTON UPON MERSEY<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0There are many places in England named Ashton<\/em>, all meaning \u2018farm or village near ash trees\u2019, and the situation was particularly confusing in the north-west as the Assheton family at one time owned what are now known as Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong>, Ashton-on-Mersey, and Ashton-on-Ribble.\u00a0 It is necessary to distinguish them by identifying their location or some other identifying feature.\u00a0 Ashton upon Mersey is a residential area of the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> roughly 8 kilometres south of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 It lies on the south bank of the River Mersey<\/strong>, hence its name.\u00a0 It is first mentioned simply as Ayston<\/em> in 1260 and Ashton <\/em>from about 1284.\u00a0 In 1421 it is distinguished as Assheton super Mercy<\/em>, as Ashton on Mersee Bank<\/em> in 1577 and as Ashton super Merseybanke<\/em> in 1584.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASHWAY <\/strong>is an area in the Peak District <\/strong>National Park in the north of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> that includes a number of locations and features.\u00a0 The name is not recorded until the early 19th<\/sup> century but is probably much older.\u00a0 The basic meaning is \u2018a road or track (Old English weg<\/em>) where ash trees (Old English \u00e6sc<\/em>) are found\u2019.\u00a0 Ashway gives its name to Ashway Gap (Old Norse gap<\/em> or Middle English gappe<\/em>, referring to a gap in the hills, perhaps that created by Greenfield<\/strong> Brook), Ashway Hey (Old English h<\/em>\u00e6g, meaning <\/em>\u2018enclosure\u2019), Ashway Moss (Old English mos<\/em>, \u2018swamp, bog\u2019) and Ashway Rocks (Old English rocc<\/em>, referring to a pile of rocks).\u00a0 Ashway Gap was the site of Ashway Gap House, a hunting lodge built in about 1850 by John Platt (1817-72), who, with his brother James (1823-57), owned Platt Brothers textile machinery company.\u00a0 On 27 August 1857 James Platt, who was MP for Oldham, was killed in a shooting accident and a memorial cross was erected near the spot where the accident happened by his brother, who later also became MP for Oldham.\u00a0 The house was demolished in 1981.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASHWORTH MOOR RESERVOIR<\/strong> is a large reservoir in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale <\/strong>constructed in 1898-1908.\u00a0 It takes its name from the nearby village of Ashworth<\/em> in Lancashire.\u00a0 The name means \u2018ash-tree enclosure\u2019 and is first recorded as Esworde<\/em> in about 1200 and as Asheworth<\/em> in 1347.\u00a0 It is derived from the Old English \u00e6sc<\/em> (\u2018ash tree\u2019) + worth<\/em> (\u2018enclosed settlement\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASPULL <\/strong>is a village north-east of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1212 as Aspul<\/em>, meaning \u2018hill where aspen-trees grow\u2019, from the Old English \u00e6sp<\/em> (\u2018aspen tree\u2019) + hyll<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019).\u00a0 The name provides evidence of aspens on high land in the area in mediaeval times, although today there are few trees.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASTLEY<\/strong> and ASTLEY GREEN <\/strong>are residential areas in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1210 as Astelegh<\/em> and with its modern spelling from 1479.\u00a0 It is derived from the Old English \u0113ast <\/em>(\u2018east\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018woodland clearing, glade\u2019) and could mean simply \u2018eastern wood or clearing\u2019.\u00a0 However, it is located about 5 kilometres east of the town of Leigh<\/strong> and so it is likely that it actually means \u2018east of Leigh\u2019.\u00a0 Astley gives its name to Astley Green, a village to the south, which is divided between Higher Green and Lower Green by the Bridgewater Canal,<\/strong> and to Astley Brook, a tributary of the River Tonge<\/strong>. \u00a0See also<\/em> WESTLEIGH<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASTLEY BRIDGE<\/strong> is a residential area of northern Bolton <\/strong>that was formerly in Lancashire.\u00a0 As the name suggests, it lies on Astley Brook, which rises near Halliwell<\/strong> and then flows east to meet Eagley<\/strong> Brook to form the River Tonge<\/strong>.\u00a0 Astley Bridge itself seems to have been known by various names, including Ashwood and Lower Sharples<\/strong>, until the second half of the 19th<\/sup> century, and the name was possibly standardised by the opening of the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway\u2019s Astley Bridge station in 1877.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASYLUM BROOK <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> MERE BROOK <\/strong>and MERE CLOUGH<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The ATHENAEUM <\/strong>is a building, now part of Manchester Art Gallery, which was originally built in 1837 for the Manchester Athenaeum, \u2018an institution for literary, political and scientific uses\u2019 which included Richard Cobden, Frederick Engels, Charles Dickens and Benjamin Disraeli among its members and speakers.\u00a0 It was named after the London Athenaeum<\/em>, founded in 1824, which in turn took its name from the Athenaeum in Rome built by the Emperor Hadrian (AD78-138), who named it after the temple of Athena<\/em>, the Greek goddess of wisdom, in Athens.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ATHERLEIGH <\/strong>is a district of Atherton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 Atherleigh <\/em>was not an existing place name but was invented for estates that had been developed after World War I by combining the first element of Ather<\/em>ton with nearby Leigh<\/em>.\u00a0 The name was standardised when the London Midland & Scottish Railway opened a station at Atherleigh in October 1935 to serve these residential areas.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ATHERTON <\/strong>is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 For much of the 19th<\/sup> century the town was known as Chowbent<\/strong>, and this name apparently continues in local use.\u00a0 In 1888 the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway called its new station Atherton Central.\u00a0 The name is first recorded as Aderton<\/em> in 1212 and the modern spelling was first used in 1322.\u00a0 There are two theories about the origin and meaning.\u00a0 One is that the name is means \u2018a farm or village of a man named \u00c6thelhere\u2019, from the Old English personal name \u01e2thelhere<\/em> + t\u016bn<\/em>, meaning \u2018farmstead or village\u2019. \u00a0<\/strong>The other is that it means \u2018the farmstead or village (t\u016bn<\/em>) of the little brook (Old English adre<\/em>)\u2019, probably in reference to Atherton Brook, a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ATOM VALLEY<\/strong> is an industrial and commercial development zone in the north of Greater Manchester, including the Northern Gateway in Bury<\/strong> and Rochdale<\/strong>, Kingsway<\/strong> Business Park in Rochdale and Stakehill<\/strong> in Rochdale and Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name was inspired by Silicon Valley<\/em> in California, and Atom refers to the original splitting of the atom<\/em> by Ernest Rutherford at Manchester University in 1917.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AUDENSHAW<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, about 8 kilometres east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1200 as Aldwynshawe<\/em>, meaning \u2018Aldwine\u2019s copse\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Aldwine<\/em> + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018wood, copse\u2019).\u00a0 The town lends its name to the three Audenshaw Reservoirs, which were built in 1877-82.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AUSTERLANDS<\/strong> is a suburb of Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> which was previously in West Yorkshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Osterlands<\/em> in 1722 and probably means \u2018cultivated lands (Old English land<\/em>) with a sheep-fold (eowestre<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AVIVA STUDIOS<\/strong> is a 13,300 square-metre venue for cultural events, exhibitions and concerts close to the centre of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was constructed on the site of the former Granada TV studios and took the name Aviva in 2023 following a sponsorship deal. \u00a0Aviva<\/em> PLC is a British insurance company whose name is a palindrome based on the Latin word viva<\/em>, meaning \u2018life, alive\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AVRO HERITAGE MUSEUM<\/strong> is an aeronautical museum in Woodford<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is built on the site of Woodford aerodrome and the factory of the Avro <\/em>aircraft company.\u00a0 Avro was established in 1907 and took its name from those of its founders, the brothers Alliott Verdon<\/em> Roe<\/em> (1877-1958) and Humphrey Verdon Roe<\/em> (1878-1949), who were both born in Patricroft<\/strong>.\u00a0 The company remained in production until 2011 and the museum opened on 13 November 2015.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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B<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BACKBOWER\u00a0<\/strong>is a residential area of Hyde<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded as Bower<\/em> Fold in 1831 and as Bank Bower<\/em> in 1842.\u00a0 Its derivation is from Old English banke<\/em> (\u2018river bank, hillside\u2019) + b<\/em>\u016br <\/em>(\u2018cottage, dwelling\u2019), so that Backbower means \u2018cottage on a hillside\u2019, referring to its position above Werneth<\/strong> Brook, a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong>. \u00a0See also<\/em> BOWER FOLD<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BACK O\u2019 TH\u2019 MOSS<\/strong> is a residential area north of Heywood<\/strong> town centre in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is recorded in the mid-19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0\u00a0 Moss<\/em> in this case is said to refer to a large meadow that was used for textile tentering or bleaching rather than the usual bog or swamp, although perhaps it had been a marshy area that had been drained.\u00a0 The higher ground behind Moss became known as Back o\u2019 th\u2019 Moss.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

BAG LANE <\/strong>is a small village in Atherton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1831, when the Bolton & Leigh Railway opened Bag Lane station to serve the village, which was close to a number of collieries.\u00a0 The origin of the name is obscure \u2013 there are no recorded textile or bag factories in the area.\u00a0 The most plausible suggestion is that the name is a corruption of Back Lane<\/em>, usually a service lane<\/em> running along the back <\/em>of properties for access and to deliver goods or collect rubbish and waste.\u00a0 The name is found from the 15th<\/sup> century and is common throughout England:\u00a0 there are 15 Back Lanes in Greater Manchester<\/strong>, including Back Lane in nearby Hulton, <\/em><\/strong>and over 200 street names including Back<\/em>, e.g. Back Shakerley Road<\/em>, which runs parallel to Shakerley<\/strong> Road in Tyldesley<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BAGSLATE MOOR <\/strong>is a residential area of Spotland<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century as Bagslade<\/em>, meaning \u2018Bacga\u2019s<\/em> valley\u2019, from an Anglo Saxon personal name + Old English sl<\/em>\u0153d<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019).\u00a0 Bagslate Moor is 204 metres\u00a0high and overlooks the valleys of the River Roch<\/strong> to the south and Naden Brook<\/strong> to the west.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BAGULEY <\/strong>is a residential area of Wythenshawe<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was formerly in Cheshire<\/strong> and is first recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Bagelei<\/em>, from bacga<\/em> or bagga<\/em>, which may be a personal name or the name of a wild animal, possibly a badger, + l\u0113ah<\/em>, meaning \u2018woodland clearing\u2019 or \u2018enclosure\u2019.\u00a0 It gives its name to Baguley Brook, a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BAILEY\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> NEW BAILEY<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BALDERSTONE <\/strong>is a district of the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, south of Rochdale town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1323 as Baldreston<\/em>, meaning \u2018Baldere\u2019s village\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018farm, village\u2019).\u00a0 At some time after the 16th<\/sup> century the second element was rationalised as \u2018stone\u2019 to give the modern spelling of the name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BALDINGSTONE <\/strong>is a village north of Walmsersley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but the village is known to date back to the 12th<\/sup> century and it may be an eponym derived from an Anglo-Saxon personal name + ingas- <\/em>(\u2018people of, family of\u2019) + t<\/em>\u016bn <\/em>(\u2018farm, village\u2019).<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

BAMFORD <\/strong>is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, west of the main town and north of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1282 as Baunford<\/em> and the modern spelling is found from 1284.\u00a0 The meaning is \u2018ford with a beam\u2019, referring to a wooden footbridge over a tributary of the Roch<\/strong>, from Old English beam<\/em> (\u2018tree, beam\u2019) + ford<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BAMFURLONG <\/strong>is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, south of Wigan town centre.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1442 as Banforthlang<\/em>, meaning \u2018furlong or strip of land where beans are grown\u2019, from Old English bean<\/em> + furh<\/em> (\u2018furrow\u2019) + lang <\/em>(\u2018length\u2019).\u00a0 Together, furh <\/em>+ lang<\/em> gave the modern measure of a furlong<\/em> (\u2018the distance an ox could plough without resting\u2019).\u00a0 Bamfurlong is one of the few place names in Greater Manchester that makes reference to a food crop.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BANK BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises on Castleshaw<\/strong> Moor in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows south into Castleshaw Upper Reservoir.\u00a0 The origin and meaning are not well documented but would seem to be literal:\u00a0 \u2018the stream that flows down a slope or bank<\/em> (Old Norse banke<\/em>)\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARDSLEY <\/strong>is a suburban area of south Oldham<\/strong> that lies north of the River Medlock<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1422 as Bardesley<\/em> and Bardsley<\/em>, meaning \u2018the wood or clearing of someone called Beard <\/em>or Beornr<\/em>\u01e3d<\/em>\u2019, from an Anglo-Saxon personal name + l\u0113ah<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

BARDSLEY GATE <\/strong>is a village south of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1842 but is almost certainly far older, probably sharing its origin with Bardsley<\/strong> in Oldham<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARFOOT BRIDGE <\/strong>or BARFOOT AQUEDUCT <\/strong>in Sale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> was built in 1765 to carry the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong> over the River Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0 A second bridge was built alongside the first in 1898-1907 to take the Manchester South Junction & Altrincham Railway\u2019s line across the Mersey.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 12th<\/sup> century as Barfotehalt<\/em>, from the Old English baerfot<\/em> (\u2018barefoot\u2019) + halh<\/em> (\u2018nook, corner of land\u2019).\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARLEY BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Douglas<\/strong> that rises in Beech Hill<\/strong> and flows south to join the Douglas west of Wigan<\/strong> near Laithwaite<\/strong>, although it is culverted for much of its length.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1908 and is probably quite literal:\u00a0 \u2018the brook<\/em> that flows through an area where barley<\/em> is grown\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARLOW FOLD<\/strong> is an area south of Bury<\/strong> on the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 Barlow is recorded in 1254 as Barlowe<\/em>, meaning \u2018barley hill\u2019, from Old English bere<\/em> (\u2018barley\u2019) + hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019, usually an artificial mound).\u00a0 Fold may be a later addition, from Old English fald<\/em>, \u2018an enclosure for animals or people\u2019 or fold<\/em>, \u2018a small group of cottages and farm buildings\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARLOW FOLD <\/strong>is a residential area north-east of Romiley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 17th<\/sup> century and most buildings date from the 18th<\/sup>.\u00a0 The name means \u2018an enclosure where barley is grown or stored\u2019 from Old English bere<\/em> (\u2018barley\u2019) + hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019) + fald<\/em>, \u2018an enclosure for animals or people\u2019 or fold<\/em>, \u2018a small group of cottages and farm buildings\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARLOW MOOR <\/strong>is a locality in south Manchester <\/strong>that is named after the Barlow<\/em> family, who came from Derbyshire<\/strong>, where the village of Barlow was mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Barleie<\/em>, meaning \u2018boar clearing\u2019 or \u2018barley clearing\u2019.\u00a0 The Barlows moved to Lancashire in the 13th<\/sup> century and their manor house is referred to in 1254 as Barlowe<\/em>.\u00a0 Their later home, Barlow Hall, was built in 1584 and now belongs to the Chorlton-cum-Hardy<\/strong> Golf Club.\u00a0 Barlow Moor is mentioned in May 1644, when Prince Rupert, the Royalist commander, camped his troops on Barloe More<\/em> during the Civil War.\u00a0 Barlow Moor is mentioned as a \u2018chapelry\u2019 in 1870.\u00a0 An area beside the River Mersey<\/strong> is known as Barlow Ees, meaning \u2018the land close to Barlow Moor liable to flooding\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARNES GREEN <\/strong>is a residential area of Harphurey<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>, north of the city centre and east of the River Irk<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1443 as Berne Grene<\/em>, meaning literally \u2018the village green with or by some barns\u2019, from Old English bern<\/em> + grene<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARNES HOSPITAL <\/strong>and BARNES VILLAGE\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>Barnes Hospital in Cheadle<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport <\/strong>was built in 1871-1875 as a convalescent hospital with funding provided by Robert Barnes<\/em> (1800-1871), a cotton mill owner who had been Mayor of Manchester<\/strong> in 1851-1853.\u00a0 The hospital closed in 1999 and from 2015 was converted into a residential development named Barnes Village.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u201cBARNEY\u2019S STEPS\u201d <\/strong>See <\/em>COLLYHURST FOOTBRIDGE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARNSFOLD <\/strong>is a hamlet south-west of Marple<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 Barnsfold Manor Farm dates from 1659 and the name is eponymous:\u00a0 George Barns<\/em> (died 1699) + Old English fald <\/em>(\u2018enclosure for animals\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARRACK HILL <\/strong>is a residential locality in Romiley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1780 no actual military barracks<\/em> on a hill<\/em> appears on 19th-century maps.\u00a0 Family records as far back as 1839 suggest that troops were stationed in this location at that date.\u00a0 However, the name may come from another early meaning of barrack<\/em> \u2013 a simple or temporary shelter, not necessarily with any military association.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARRACK PARK <\/strong>is 2.2-hectare public park and sports facility in Hulme<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the Hulme cavalry barracks<\/em>, which were built in about 1817 and housed the 15th<\/sup> King\u2019s Hussars, who took part in the infamous \u2018Peterloo\u2019 massacre in St Peter\u2019s <\/strong>Field 1819.\u00a0 The barracks were demolished in 1914 and converted into a public park which was initially known as St George\u2019s<\/strong> Park, but was renamed Barrack Park in 1994.\u00a0 See also <\/em>NEW BARRACKS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARROW BRIDGE<\/strong> is a village in Halliwell<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The land was originally owned by the Barrow<\/em> family, whose farm was divided by Dean Brook<\/strong> with a bridge connecting the two parts.\u00a0 Some of their land was sold in the late 18th<\/sup> century to build a cotton mill.\u00a0 In 1830 the rest of the farm was sold, the mill demolished and two steam-powered mills were built.\u00a0 The workers were accommodated in a model village, which eventually became known as Barrow Bridge.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARROW BROOK <\/strong>today is a distributary of the River Mersey<\/strong>, feeding water from the Mersey south of Chorlton-cum-Hardy<\/strong> to Sale Water Park<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears on the 1842 Ordnance Survey map but Sale Water Park was a by-product of the construction of the M60 motorway in the 1970s, suggesting that at one time it flowed into the Mersey.\u00a0 The name is thought to derive from Old English bearu<\/em>, meaning \u2018grove, small wood\u2019, or bearg<\/em>, meaning \u2018a barrow pig, a castrated boar\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARROWSHAW <\/strong>is a small residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, north of the town itself.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is recorded in 1633 as now spelled but divided into Further and Nearer Barrowshaw.\u00a0 Today the area is divided between Higher Barrowshaw in the north and Near Barrowshaw in the south.\u00a0 The derivation is uncertain, but may be Old English bearu<\/em> (\u2018grove\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse, small wood\u2019).<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

BARTON MOSS<\/strong> is a residential area of Eccles<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 It is recorded from 1196 simply as Barton<\/em>, meaning \u2018barley farm or village,\u2019 from Old English bere<\/em> + t<\/em>\u016bn.\u00a0 Moss<\/em>, meaning \u2018bog or swamp\u2019, was added at a later date.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARTON-UPON-IRWELL<\/strong>, also called BARTON-ON-IRWELL<\/strong> or simply BARTON<\/strong>, is a suburb of the City of Salford<\/strong> beside the River Irwell<\/strong> and the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1196 simply as Barton<\/em> but by 1277 it is found as Barton on Irrewelle<\/em>.\u00a0 Barton<\/em> means \u2018barley farm or village,\u2019 from Old English bere<\/em> + t<\/em>\u016bn, <\/em>and adding a reference to its location on the Irwell may distinguish it from Barton Moss<\/strong> or other Bartons in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 <\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

River BEAL<\/strong> is a short river that rises north-east of Rochdale<\/strong> and flows about 15 kilometres north-west to join the River Roch<\/strong> at Belfield<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1200 as Bole<\/em>, which may be an old Celtic river name or a derivation of the Old English b\u0113ag<\/em>, meaning \u2018river bend\u2019, which would aptly describe the meandering course of the river.\u00a0 The river gives its name to Belfield<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BEALEY\u2019S GOIT<\/strong> is an artificial waterway east of Radcliffe <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in about 1760 to take water from the River Irwell<\/strong> to Bealey\u2019s bleaching works.\u00a0 It takes its name from the Old English goit<\/em> (\u2018channel, stream\u2019) cut to supply the works built by William Bealey <\/em>(1683-1763).\u00a0 The works were demolished in 1980 but the Bealey family donated their estate to the people of Radcliffe in 1925 and this is now Close Park<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BEAT BANK CANAL <\/strong>was planned to link the Stockport <\/strong>Branch Canal with the coal mines of the hamlet of Beat Bank in Denton<\/strong>, a distance of about 5.5 kilometres.\u00a0 It was authorised in 1793 but abandoned in 1798 when about 60% had been built.\u00a0 The name of Beat Bank is recorded in 1645 and is thought to derive from Old English byht<\/em> (meaning \u2018a bend or curve\u2019, referring to the meandering of the River Tame<\/strong>) + banke<\/em> (\u2018bank, slope\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BEDFORD<\/strong> is a suburb of Leigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The town of Leigh<\/strong> was formed in 1875 from the merger of Pennington<\/strong>, Westleigh<\/strong> and Bedford.\u00a0 Bedford itself is recorded in 1201 as Bedeford<\/em>, meaning \u2018Beda\u2019s ford\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name B\u0113da<\/em> + ford<\/em>, probably a ford across Pennington <\/strong>Brook, a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 Bedford also gives its name to Bedford Brook<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BEECH HILL <\/strong>is a suburb of north-west Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but there was a large house called Beech Hill Hall in the area dating from the late 17th<\/sup> century, and the area was heavily wooded even in the mid-19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It therefore seems likely that the name can be taken literally to mean \u2018beech tree hill\u2019 from the Old English b\u0113ce\u00a0+ hyll.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BEESLEY GREEN <\/strong>is or was an area of Worsley<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>, and it now forms part of the Roe Green<\/strong>\/<\/p>\n

Beesley Green conservation area.\u00a0 The name seems to date from the late 16th<\/sup> century, when a Thomas Beesley<\/em> and his descendants farmed the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

BEETHAM TOWER<\/strong> is a 47-storey commercial and residential skyscraper at the southern end of Deansgate<\/strong> in central Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was completed in 2006 and, at 169 metres, was at the time the tallest building in Britain outside London.\u00a0 It is named after its builders and owners, the Beetham <\/em>Organisation, a property development company based in Liverpool.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BELFIELD<\/strong> is a district of Rochdale<\/strong> about 2 kilometres east-north-east of the town centre at the confluence of the River Beal<\/strong> and the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The River Beal <\/em>gives its name to Belfield, which is recorded in 1310 as Belefeld<\/em>, meaning simply \u2018the field by the River Beal\u2019.\u00a0 The derivation of the river name is uncertain but a possibility is the Old English b\u0113ag<\/em>, meaning \u2018river bend\u2019, which would aptly describe the meandering course of the river.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The BELL <\/strong>is a greenbelt area west of Kitt Green<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Bell<\/em> House Farm, but the derivation is uncertain:\u00a0 it may be the family name Bell<\/em>, a reference to the local 17th<\/sup>-18th<\/sup> century bell<\/em>-making industry of the Orrell<\/strong> and Markland (see Martland Mill<\/strong>) families, or a reference to the many bell<\/em> pits that were employed to mine shallow seams of coal in the Wigan area from the 16th<\/sup> to 19th<\/sup> centuries.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BELLE VUE <\/strong>is now a district in eastern Manchester<\/strong> that takes its name from the large zoo and amusement park that stood in the area until November 1987.\u00a0 This was originally opened in 1834 as \u2018Belle Vue Tea Gardens\u2019, taking its name from the French for \u2018beautiful view\u2019.\u00a0 The site and its facilities were gradually extended but it went into decline in the 1970s and the last speedway event was held in 1987.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BENCHILL<\/strong> is a residential area of Wythenshawe<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>, roughly 13 kilometres south of the city centre.\u00a0 Residential development started before World War II but the name dates from the start of the late 13th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It was recorded in 1289 as Bangengehull<\/em>, meaning \u2018the hill belonging to B<\/em>\u0113age<\/em> or B<\/em>\u01e3ga<\/em>\u2019, from an Anglo-Saxon personal name + -ing-<\/em> (\u2018belonging to\u2019) + hyll <\/em>(\u2018hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BENTCLIFFE <\/strong>was a mediaeval estate of Salford<\/strong> that is now recalled in Bentcliffe Park, a small neighbourhood in Eccles<\/strong>.\u00a0 Bentcliffe Mill was originally built before 1800 and was later part-owned by Friedrich Engels.\u00a0 The name is recorded from 1550 but was variously spelled Bentcliffe<\/em>, Bencliffe<\/em>, Beancliffe<\/em> and Beaucliffe<\/em>.\u00a0 The meaning is usually given as \u2018the cliff where bent or coarse grass grows\u2019, from the Old English beonet<\/em> + clif<\/em>, but clearly the meaning would change if an alternative spelling reflected the true origin.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BENTGATE <\/strong>is a residential area of Newhey in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> that is located north-east of a large bend<\/em> in the River Beal<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are several places with this name in north-west England, none of them well documented.\u00a0 Given its location, it seems likely that its meaning is \u2018curved road\u2019, from Old English bend<\/em> (\u2018bend, twist\u2019) + Old Norse gata <\/em>(\u2018road\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BENT LANES BROOK <\/strong>was originally a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong> but it now empties into the Manchester Ship<\/strong> Canal<\/strong> in Calder Bank <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford.<\/strong>\u00a0 It rises in Streford<\/strong> as Longford<\/strong> Brook and as Bent Lanes Brook it flows west and north-west through Davyhulme<\/strong>.\u00a0 While there is a Bent Lane in Prestwich<\/strong> named after the Bent family, who built Bent House in the mid-18th<\/sup> century, the brook takes its name from an aptly-named crooked street in Urmston <\/strong>and appears on maps from the 1840s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BESOM HILL <\/strong>is a 357-metre high hill north-east of Oldham<\/strong> that also gives its name to a 9.5-hectare country park and Besom reservoir.\u00a0 The hill is known to be a place of ancient habitation dating back to the Neolithic period 7000-10,000 years ago but the name is not well documented.\u00a0 It is said to be taken from the Old English besom<\/em>, meaning \u2018a broom made from twigs bound together round a handle\u2019, probably because it was a location for the twigs used to make besoms.\u00a0 The hill gives its name to Besom Hill Reservoir, which was built in about 1860.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BESSES O’ TH’ BARN<\/strong> is a district of Whitefield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name was originally that of an inn owned by a landlady called Bess that was either near a barn or looked like a barn.\u00a0 The inn was originally called the Dog Inn or Bowling Green but was renamed in 1821 and the name was gradually applied to the surrounding village.\u00a0 The name was standardised by the London Midland & Scottish Railway in 1931 when a station was opened to serve a large new housing estate in the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BESWICK <\/strong>is an inner-city area of Manchester<\/strong> on the River Medlock<\/strong> that was formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was recorded as Beaces hlaw<\/em> in 917.\u00a0 The Old English hlaw<\/em> meant \u2018mound or hill\u2019, and Beac<\/em> is thought to be a personal name.\u00a0 The name evolved to Bexwik <\/em>by 1200-1223, with w<\/em>\u012bc<\/em> meaning \u2018settlement or farm\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BEVIS GREEN <\/strong>is a residential area of Walmersley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is little-documented before a cotton mill was built there in 1810, which, after it was demolished, became the site of a housing estate built in the 2020s.\u00a0 The name might be an eponym:\u00a0 the family name Bevis<\/em> is said to derive either from the French town of Beauvais <\/em>(from the Gaulish Bellovaci tribe) or from the old French bel + fiz<\/em>, meaning \u2018beautiful son\u2019.\u00a0 However, Bevis Marks in London is an orthographic corruption of Bury\u2019s<\/em> (in this case referring to Bury St Edmunds) and so the possibility that Bevis Green was originally Bury\u2019s Green cannot be ruled out until there is firmer research evidence of the name\u2019s origin.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BEXLEY SQUARE<\/strong> is a public space in front of what was originally Salford<\/strong> town hall.\u00a0 It is named after Lord Bexley <\/em>(1766-1851), who as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster from 1823-1828 laid the foundation stone on 30 August 1825.\u00a0 The town hall was completed in 1827.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BICKERSHAW<\/strong> is part of Abram<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, approximately 5 kilometres south of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1200 as Bikersah<\/em> and Bikesah<\/em>, meaning \u2018bee-keepers\u2019 copse or wood\u2019, from Old English bicere<\/em> + sceaga<\/em>.\u00a0 It gives its name to the 247-hectare Bickershaw Country Park, which forms part of the Flashes of Wigan and Leigh<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BILLINGE, BILLINGE HIGHER END <\/strong>or HIGHER END<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0Billinge is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of St Helens in Merseyside<\/strong>, but Billinge Higher End (or just Higher End) is an area in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 Both were formerly in Lancashire<\/strong> but were separated in 1974.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1202 as Billin\u1e21<\/em>, meaning \u2018settlement of the people on the pointed hill\u2019, from the Old English billa<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018promontory,\u00a0point of a sword\u2019) + –ing<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018people of\u2019).\u00a0 End <\/em>is quite literal:\u00a0 the end<\/em> of a settlement or village.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BILL O\u2019JACKS PLANTATION <\/strong>is a forested area north west of Greenfield<\/strong> Brook and Yeoman Hey Reservoir<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from William Bradbury, known locally as Bill O\u2019Jack<\/em> (i.e. the son of Jack), the 84-year old landlord of the Moor Cock Inn, who was murdered on 2 April 1832, along with his 46-year old son, Thomas (Tom O\u2019Bill).\u00a0 The pub became known as Bill O\u2019Jacks and when it was demolished in 1937 the name was adopted for the plantation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BILLY GROUND <\/strong>is a rural area of Saddleworth <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1832 but its origin is uncertain:\u00a0 it is unlikely that it indicates that the land was once owned by someone called William; more likely is that it is from the Old Norse or Old English byle<\/em>, meaning \u2018rounded hill\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BILLY PIT BROOK <\/strong>is a stream that flows into the Leeds & Liverpool Canal from near Crooke<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name originates from the Billy Pit<\/em>, more properly the William Pit Colliery that was opened in 1803 but worked out and closed in 1846.\u00a0 The colliery may have been named after William<\/em> Hustler, one of the Yorkshire Quakers who originally invested in the mine.\u00a0 Alternatively, it could have been named after William<\/em> Ellam, the agent and manager.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BIRCH<\/strong> is an area north-west of Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1246 as Birches<\/em>, meaning \u2018birch trees\u2019, from the Old English birce<\/em>.\u00a0 This is one of the many landscape names indicating the types of trees growing locally in mediaeval times.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BIRCHEN BROOK <\/strong>or BIRCHEN CLOUGH <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises on Saddleworth<\/strong> Moor and flows south into Dovestone Reservoir<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded on the 1843 Ordnance Survey map and means \u2018the stream (Old English br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em>) or ravine (cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>) where birch trees (birce<\/em>) are found).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BIRCH MOSS COVERT NATURE RESERVE<\/strong> is a 6.1-hectare wildlife reserve in Broadheath<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 Birch Moss appears on an 1831 map and means \u2018swamp where birch trees are found\u2019, from Old English birce<\/em> + mos<\/em>.\u00a0 The area had been used for farming but was developed as a wildlife reserve from 1972 and was officially opened in 1980.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BIRKS<\/strong> is a small residential area north-east of Oldham<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is said to derive from the Old Norse birki<\/em>, meaning \u2018birch tree\u2019.\u00a0 \u00a0This would be one of the many places in Greater Manchester<\/strong> taking its name from a type of tree.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BIRTENSHAW<\/strong> is an area in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1277 as Byrkenshaw<\/em>, meaning \u2018birch copse\u2019, from Old English bircen<\/em> (\u2018birch tree\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse, small wood\u2019), referring to the ancient once-wooded landscape of much of Greater Manchester<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BIRTLE<\/strong> is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, west of the town of Rochdale itself.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1246 as Birkel<\/em>, meaning \u2018birch tree hill\u2019, from Old English birce<\/em> (\u2018birch\u2019) + hyll<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019), referring to a 282-metre hill nearby.\u00a0 The name is one of many examples of place names taken from the landscape of pre-Norman Britain.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLACK BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong> which rises in Tottington<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury <\/strong>and flows roughly east for 266 metres to join with Kirklees Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is one of several streams called Black Brook in north-west England, all meaning literally \u2018dark, black (Old English bl<\/em>\u00e6c<\/em>) brook (br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLACK CHEW HEAD<\/strong> is a hill in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and, at 542 metres, the highest point in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1468 as Blackchew-hede<\/em>, meaning \u2018black valley head\u2019, from the Old English blaec <\/em>(\u2018black\u2019) + c\u0113o<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019) + h\u0113afod <\/em>(\u2018head, headland, river source\u2019).\u00a0 The \u2018valley\u2019 refers to that of Chew Brook<\/strong>, which rises on its western slopes and flows to Dovestones<\/strong> Reservoir before joining the River Tame<\/strong> at Greenfield<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLACKFORD BRIDGE<\/strong> is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury <\/strong>that lies on the River Roch<\/strong> just above its confluence with the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but it is thought that Blackford refers to an ancient ford across the Black Brook or dark river, i.e. the Roch, on the road between Manchester<\/strong> and Bury.\u00a0 The first bridge had been built by 1551 and the name Blackford Bridge<\/em> is recorded in 1667.\u00a0 This bridge was replaced in the mid-18th<\/sup> century and a new bridge was built in 1903.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

BLACKFRIARS\u00a0<\/strong>is a suburb of the City of Salford<\/strong> on the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Blackfriars<\/em> Bridge over the Irwell and connects Salford with Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The first Blackfriars Bridge was built in 1761 to provide access to a theatre in Salford.\u00a0 There are two related theories about its naming.\u00a0 One is that it was named after Blackfriars Bridge<\/em> across the Thames in London, which was built in 1760-1769 and was itself named for a 13th<\/sup>-century Dominican monastery north of the Thamas.\u00a0 The second is that it was named after the old Blackfriars theatres in London, the first of which was built on the site of the Blackfriars monastery in 1576.\u00a0 The original Salford bridge was demolished in 1817 and replaced by the present bridge, which was opened in 1820.\u00a0 Blackfriars is an early example of a transferred name and one which seems to have been intended to gentrify parts of Salford and Manchester.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLACK LANE<\/strong> is a residential area north of Radcliffe<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented.\u00a0 It is evidently named after its position on a road going north towards the moors and the name was standardised by the Lancashire & Yorkshire when it opened Black Lane station on 20 November 1848.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLACKLEACH COUNTRY PARK<\/strong> is a 50-hectare nature reserve just north of Walkden<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1250 as Blakelache<\/em>, although the location is difficult to verify.\u00a0 The name means \u2018black stream or bog\u2019 from Old English blak<\/em> + lache <\/em>(\u2018boggy stream\u2019).\u00a0 Modern Blackleach dates from 1778, when it was developed as an industrial site with chemical works.\u00a0 The polluted site was derelict by 1976 but was transformed into a nature reserve, which was opened in 2004.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLACKLEY <\/strong>is a residential district on the River Irk<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>, about 8 kilometres north of the city centre.\u00a0 Some sources state that Blackley <\/em>is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086, but the earliest record is usually put at 1282, when it is given as Blakeley<\/em>, meaning \u2018black or dark wood or clearing\u2019, from Old English bl<\/em>\u00e6c<\/em> + l\u0113ah.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLACKMOOR <\/strong>is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1210 as Blakemore<\/em>, literally meaning \u2018black moor\u2019, from Old English bl<\/em>\u00e6c<\/em> + m<\/em>\u014dr.<\/em>\u00a0 Blackmoor is further west than most of the other moors in Greater Manchester<\/strong> and it is likely that the original meaning here would have been \u2018marshy land\u2019 rather than \u2018barren upland\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLACK MOSS COVERT NATURE RESERVE <\/strong>is a 2.1-hectare site of biological importance west of Altrincham<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It seemingly takes its name from Black Moss Farm<\/em>, which appears on maps of 1831, although the name is probably much older.\u00a0 It is derived from the Old English bl<\/em>\u00e6c <\/em>(\u2018black, dark\u2019) + mos <\/em>(\u2018marsh, bog\u2019).<\/em>\u00a0 \u2018Covert<\/em>\u2019 is a mediaeval borrowing from French that is applied particularly to a thicket in which animals or game can hide.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLACK MOSS RESERVOIRS <\/strong>are two reservoirs built in the early 19th<\/sup> century to supply water to the Huddersfield Narrow Canal.\u00a0 Black Moss Reservoir is in Kirklees in Lancashire<\/strong>, while Little Moss<\/strong> Reservoir is in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 They take their names from Black Moss<\/em>, a moorland area to the east in the Peak District<\/strong> National Park.\u00a0 The name is derived from the Old English bl<\/em>\u00e6c <\/em>(\u2018black, dark\u2019) + mos <\/em>(\u2018marsh, bog\u2019).<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLACKROD<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, west of the town centre.\u00a0 It is recorded in about 1188 as Blacherode<\/em>, meaning \u2018dark clearing\u2019, from Old English bl<\/em>\u00e6c<\/em> + rodu<\/em>, referring to the darkness of the clearing rather than the colour of the trees or the soil.\u00a0 A second, less likely theory is that the \u2018rod\u2019 might be the Holy Rood, the cross of Christ, from the Old English rod.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLACKSHAW BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Croal<\/strong> which rises east of Bottom o\u2019 the Moor and flows south and south-west to Pocket <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton <\/strong>where Middle Brook<\/strong> becomes the Croal.\u00a0 It gives its name to Blackshaw Brook, a 10.8-hectare woodland area.\u00a0 The name means \u2018small black wood\u2019, from Old English bl<\/em>\u00e6c <\/em>+ sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLACKSTONE EDGE <\/strong>is a 472-metre escarpment in the Pennines<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> on the boundary between Greater Manchester<\/strong> and West Yorkshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1291 as Blackesteyenegge <\/em>and with its modern spelling from 1551.\u00a0 It gives its name to Blackstone Edge Reservoir, built in 1798 to supply water to the Rochdale Canal.\u00a0\u00a0 The name literally means \u2018black stone\u2019 from Middle English blak<\/em> + st<\/em>\u0101n<\/em>, referring to the colour of the gritstone of which it is composed, + ecg <\/em>(\u2018edge\u2019).\u00a0 This appearance struck Celia Fiennes, who rode up Blackstone Edge in 1698 and said that was \u2018noted all over England for a dismal high precipice\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLATCHINWORTH <\/strong>is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1276 as Blackenworthe<\/em>.\u00a0 It might mean \u2018Blaeca\u2019s enclosed settlement\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + -ingas-<\/em> (\u2018belonging to\u2019) + worth<\/em>, or it could mean \u2018bleaching area\u2019, from Old English bl<\/em>\u01e3con <\/em>(\u2018bleaching\u2019) + worth<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLEAK HEY NOOK<\/strong> is a hamlet of former weavers\u2019 cottages on Saddleworth<\/strong> Moor north-east of Delph<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in baptismal records in 1813 and is descriptive, coming from Middle English bl<\/em>\u00e6c <\/em>(\u2018bleak, dark\u2019) + h<\/em>\u00e6ag<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019) + n<\/em>\u014dk<\/em> (\u2018nook of land; triangular plot\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLUE PITS<\/strong> or BLUE PITS VILLAGE<\/strong> was the original name for Castleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented until the late 18th<\/sup> century, when the Rochdale Canal was being constructed and its highest lock was called Blue Pit from the blue clay<\/em> extracted from a local quarry.\u00a0 The name of the village was changed to Castleton in 1875, when it became an urban district council.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOARDMAN BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irk<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises north of Blackley<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong> and flows north-west to empty into the Irk east of Rhodes<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Boardman\u2019s<\/em> Tenement or Estate, which is recorded in 1808 as the site of Harpurhey<\/strong> Hall.\u00a0 The apostrophe suggests that it was named after a local family, but one source suggests that a \u2018boardman\u2019 was a tenant (i.e. a boarder<\/em>) who paid rent in kind.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOARSHAW <\/strong>is residential area in north-east Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale <\/strong>which also gives its name to Boarshaw Clough, a 6-hectare recreational area and nature site.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but, according to local legend, the area was once a forest that was home to wild boar and in the 15th<\/sup> century Sir Ralph Assheton found a boar attacking Margaret Barton, a local heiress.\u00a0 He killed the boar and the two were later married.\u00a0 The event seems to have been commemorated in the name, derived from bar<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a boar\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse, small wood\u2019). \u00a0\u00a0Clough comes from Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em> (\u2018deep valley\u2019), referring to the valley of Whit Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOAR\u2019S HEAD <\/strong>is a residential area in Standish<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, north of Wigan town centre.\u00a0 It is said to take its name from a local pub dating from the 13th<\/sup> century and thought to be one of the oldest in England.\u00a0 Boar\u2019s Head lies close to the River Douglas <\/strong>at a point where the roads to Preston, Chorley and Wigan meet.\u00a0 The name of the district was standardised when the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway and the Lancashire Union Railways opened a joint station named Boar\u2019s Head on 1 December 1869.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOARSHURST <\/strong>is a rural area of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>close to the moors of Saddleworth<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is recorded in 1583 and presumably means \u2018the wooded hill where boars are found\u2019, from the Old English bar<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a boar\u2019) + hyrst <\/em>(\u2018wooded hill\u2019), referring to the local wildlife and landscape.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOGGART HOLE CLOUGH<\/strong> is a 76-hectare country park in Blackley<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1867, and in 1893, when Manchester Corporation purchased the land for health and recreational reasons.\u00a0 However, it is evident that some of its elements may derive from earlier times:\u00a0 a boggart<\/em> is a dialect word for an evil goblin or sprite dating from 1570 according to the Oxford English Dictionary<\/em>;\u00a0 Hole<\/em> may well be the house that was haunted by the boggart rather than a lake; and it is said that in the 17th<\/sup> century the area was known simply as \u2018the clough\u2019<\/em>, referring to a wooded valley, from Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>.\u00a0 Taken together, the name would mean \u2018the wooded valley with a house haunted by an evil goblin\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOGGART STONES <\/strong>is a rock formation on Saddleworth<\/strong> Moor in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The stones<\/em> are said to be haunted by a boggart<\/em>, a north-western dialect term for an evil or mischievous goblin.\u00a0 The landmark is shown on the Ordnance Survey map of 1843 but boggart<\/em> is first recorded in 1570.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOLHOLT <\/strong>is an area within the Metropolitan Borough of Bury <\/strong>that also gives its name to a 20-hectare country park.\u00a0 The name is not well documented, although Bolholt House<\/em> is said to date from the early 17th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name means \u2018wood on a smooth, rounded hill\u2019, from the Old English bol <\/em>(\u2018rounded hill\u2019) + holt <\/em>(\u2018wood, thicket\u2019).\u00a0 In 1969 Bolholt House and estate were converted into a country park.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River BOLLIN <\/strong>is a tributary of the Mersey<\/strong> which rises in the Derbyshire<\/strong> Peak District<\/strong>, flows through northern Cheshire<\/strong> and beneath Manchester Airport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It then forms the border between Cheshire and Greater Manchester<\/strong> before joining the Mersey at Rixton in Cheshire.\u00a0 The name is first found as Bolyn<\/em> in about 1275.\u00a0 The origin of the name is unclear \u2013 one suggestion is Old English b<\/em>\u014dl<\/em> + hlynn<\/em>, meaning \u2018a noisy river or torrent\u2019.\u00a0 The river lends its name to Bollington in Cheshire:\u00a0 the t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> or \u2018farm on the Bollin\u2019.\u00a0 Apart from Cotterill <\/strong>Brook and the River Dean<\/strong>, all of the Bollin\u2019s tributaries are in Cheshire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOLLINHURST BROOK<\/strong> is a tributary of the Mersey <\/strong>that rises in the Derbyshire<\/strong> Peak District<\/strong> and flows some 15 kilometres to its confluence with the Mersey near Cheadle<\/strong>.\u00a0 Its name changes at various points along the way.\u00a0 At its source it is Bollinhurst Brook, from the Middle English bolling<\/em> (\u2018pollarding, the cropping of branches from the trunk for poles or wattles\u2019) + hyrst<\/em>, \u2018a wooded hill\u2019.\u00a0 It then becomes Norbury Brook (see <\/em>Norbury<\/strong>), Bramhall Brook (see<\/em> Bramhall<\/strong>), the Ladybrook<\/strong> (probably from \u2018our Lady\u2019, the mother of Christ) and finally the Micker Brook<\/strong> (perhaps Old English micel,<\/em> \u2018big, great\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOLSHAW OUTWOOD<\/strong> is a residential area of Heald Green <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally an area of waste or common ground that was enclosed as farmland in the early 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Bolshaw was recorded in 1380 as Bolshagh<\/em>, meaning \u2018pollarded copse\u2019, from Old English bola\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018tree-trunk, a log, a plank\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018small wood, copse\u2019).\u00a0 Outwood<\/em> is recorded in 1586 and means \u2018outlying wood\u2019, from Old English \u016bt<\/em> + wudu<\/em>.\u00a0 The combined name of Bolshaw Outwood is found from 1812.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOLTON <\/strong>is a town, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>, and a metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester<\/strong> since 1974.\u00a0 It was recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Bodeltun<\/em> and as Bolton<\/em> since 1307.\u00a0 Until 1838, the town was divided between Little Bolton and Great Bolton, with the two separated by the River Croal<\/strong>.\u00a0 In that year the two were amalgamated as a single municipality.\u00a0 The name is derived from the Old English b\u014dthl<\/em>, meaning \u2018building, farmhouse\u2019, + t\u016bn<\/em>, ‘settlement\u2019.\u00a0 The name is quite common in northern England and is generally thought to mean \u2018a new place\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOOTH\u2019S BANK<\/strong> is a residential area to the east of Boothstown<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It lies to the north of the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but an estate called \u2018The Booths\u2019 is recorded in 1323, meaning \u2018a place with small huts\u2019, from the Old English both<\/em>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Booth\u2019s Bank Farm is recorded in 1786, with bank<\/em> meaning \u2018the slope of a hill\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOOTHSTOWN<\/strong> is a suburb of the City of Salford<\/strong> that was previously in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name first appears as Bothes man<\/em>, referring to Booths Manor, in 1500 and seems to become Boothstown<\/em> only in the late 18th<\/sup> century with the extension of the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong> through Boothstown and the development of the coal trade.\u00a0 The original name of the Booths is derived from the Old English both<\/em>, meaning \u2018a small hut or enclosure\u2019 used by a herdsman.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BORSDANE WOOD <\/strong>and BORSDANE BROOK\u00a0 Borsdane Wood <\/strong>is a 26-hectare nature reserve in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally part of the great Lancashire <\/strong>forest and is mentioned in about 1215 as a stream named Ballesdenebroc<\/em>, meaning \u2018Boell\u2019s valley stream\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name B<\/em>\u0153ll <\/em>+ denu <\/em>(\u2018long valley\u2019) + br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em> (\u2018stream\u2019).\u00a0 Parts of the forest were acquired over the years but in 1931 a large area was donated to the local authorities and opened as Borsdane (sometimes spelled \u2018Borsden\u2019) Wood.\u00a0 Borsdane Brook rises east of Platt Bridge<\/strong> and flows south-west to join Hey Brook<\/strong>, which ultimately meets the River Glaze<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOSDEN<\/strong> is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> to the east of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1233-1236 as Bosedun<\/em>, meaning \u2018B\u014dsa<\/em>\u2019s Hill\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + d\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOTANY BAY WOODS <\/strong>is a woodland area east of Eccles<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong> \u2013 the largest wooded area in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally planted from about 1760 as a long-term source of wood for the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong> and the name was in use by the end of the century.\u00a0 The origin is uncertain and disputed, but one theory is that it was named after the Australian penal colony because of its remoteness at the time.\u00a0 Botany Bay<\/em> in Australia was originally named Stingray Harbour by Captain James Cook in 1770 but he later changed this to Botany Bay because of the large number of botanical specimens obtained there.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOTTLING WOOD<\/strong> is a 13-hectare woodland area and residential district in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, about 1 kilometre north-east of Wigan town centre to the east of the River Douglas<\/strong>.\u00a0 The Bottling Wood Colliery<\/em> had been established by 1800 and a hamlet with the name was recorded in 1827.\u00a0 However, the name seems older and is usually said to be a corruption of Battling Wood<\/em>.\u00a0 The reference is to the Battle of Wigan Lane, fought on 25 August 1651 during the Civil War on the east bank of the River Douglas.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOTTOM OF WOODHOUSES<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0See <\/em>WOODHOUSES<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOTTOM O\u2019 TH\u2019 BROW <\/strong>is a residential area of Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> on the south bank of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1850 and its meaning is literal \u2013 the bottom<\/em> of the brow<\/em>, meaning \u2018hill\u2019 (Old English bru<\/em>).\u00a0 Up the hill is Bridge Street, where the road runs over Wrigley Brook<\/strong>, and it was here that Heywood\u2019s first water-powered cotton mill was built in 1777.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOTTOMS <\/strong>is an area of Mossley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 Historically, Mossley was divided between Top Mossley (see Brookbottom<\/strong>) and Bottom <\/em>Mossley, and both names are still in use.\u00a0 However, Bottom Mossley was shortened to Bottoms, a name which seems to have come into use at the end of the 18th century:\u00a0 Bottoms Hall<\/em>, which later became the apprentice house for Bottoms Mill, is recorded in 1787.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOUNDARY PARK<\/strong> is a mixed-use sports stadium in Oldham<\/strong> and the home of Oldham Athletic football club.\u00a0 It was originally built in 1896 and named the Athletic Ground, but the name was changed at some point to reflect its position in north-west Oldham close to the town\u2019s boundaries<\/em> with Royton<\/strong> and Chadderton<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOWDON<\/strong> is a suburb of Altrincham<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> that was in Cheshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is first recorded as Bogedone<\/em> in the Domesday Book of 1086, where it is described as having a church and a mill (see<\/em> Appendix 1).\u00a0 The name means \u2018rounded hill\u2019 from the Old English boga <\/em>(\u2018curved, bow-shaped\u2019) + d<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOWER BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irk<\/strong> which flows from Werneth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>to meet Hole Bottom Brook<\/strong> in Failsworth<\/strong>, forming Moston Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name occurs on the Ordnance Survey maps of the area in the late 1840s and means \u2018a stream flowing from or through a bower<\/em> or a shady, leafy area (Old English b<\/em>\u016br<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOWER FOLD <\/strong>is residential and recreational area south of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 It is recorded in 1840 as Boar Fold<\/em>, meaning \u2018enclosure for boars\u2019, from the Old English b<\/em>\u0101r<\/em> + fald<\/em>.\u00a0\u00a0 By the 20th<\/sup> century, the name was rationalised to Bower Fold, which is perhaps more genteel.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOWGREEN <\/strong>is a residential and recreational area of south-west Altrincham<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Bowgreen<\/em> in 1647, probably referring to a farm round which the residential area developed in the 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Bowgreen lies on low-lying ground between Bowdon<\/strong> and the River Bollin <\/strong>and means \u2018the green below Bowdon hill\u2019, from Old English boga <\/em>(\u2018rounded hill\u2019) + gr\u0113ne<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOWKER VALE <\/strong>is a suburban area of Blackley<\/strong> on the River Irk<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is said to date from mediaeval times when cloth was bleached on the banks of the River Irk using sunlight, rain, sour milk and urine from nearby Blackley village.\u00a0 The process was known as bowkering<\/em> and gave its name both to the village and the surname.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOWLEE <\/strong>is a village on the outskirts of Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 Bowlee is not well documented but is said to have been settled in mediaeval times.\u00a0 The name is found elsewhere in England and is probably derived from Bola<\/em> + –l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018wood, glade\u2019).\u00a0 Bola<\/em> could be a personal name or the Old English for a tree-trunk or log.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOYSNOPE <\/strong>is an area of Eccles<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong> on the north bank of the River Irwell<\/strong> and the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> with a tradition of waste disposal and, more recently, farming and recreation.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1277 as Boylsnape<\/em> and is thought to come from Middle English bole<\/em> (\u2018bull\u2019) + snape<\/em> (\u2018pasture\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOZ PARK<\/strong> is a nature reserve in the Besses o’ th’ Barn<\/strong> district of Whitefield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in the early years of the 21st<\/sup> century on land donated by a local farmer in memory of his son, Colin \u2018Boz<\/em>\u2019 Tracey.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRABYNS PARK <\/strong>is a 36-hectare public park beside the River Goyt<\/strong> in Marple<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is laid out in a former estate that was inherited in 1749 by Elizabeth Brabyn <\/em>(or Brabin).\u00a0 She and her husband, Dr Henry Brabyn, landscaped the grounds and built Brabyns Hall.\u00a0 Both grounds and hall were eventually purchased by Cheshire<\/strong> County Council in 1941 and the estate was opened as a public park in 1947.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRADFORD <\/strong>is a district in east Manchester<\/strong>, about 4 kilometres north-east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name was first recorded in 1196 as Bradeford<\/em>, from the Old English br<\/em>\u0101d<\/em> + ford<\/em> meaning \u2018broad ford\u2019 across the River Medlock<\/strong>, and distinguishing the place from a narrower ford in neighbouring Beswick<\/strong>.\u00a0 It remained a rural area until industrialised in the 19th<\/sup> century with collieries, an ironworks and brickworks.\u00a0 These all closed in the 1960s and the area went into decline but it has been regenerated since 2000 as Eastlands<\/strong> and the campus of the Etihad Stadium<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRADLEY BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of River Irwell<\/strong> which rises in the north of Philips Park<\/strong> in Prestwich<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It flows south-south-west through Mere Clough<\/strong> in the park and joins the Irwell south of the park in the Waterdale<\/strong> area of Prestwich.\u00a0 The name derives from the Old English br<\/em>\u0101d <\/em>(\u2018broad, wide\u2019) + l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018woodland clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRADLEY FOLD <\/strong>is a residential and commercial area in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>, approximately midway between Bury<\/strong> and Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is not well documented before the opening of Bradley Fold station by the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway in 1849, but the name is probably much older, deriving from the Old English br<\/em>\u0101d <\/em>(\u2018broad, wide\u2019) + l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018woodland clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRADSHAW<\/strong> is a village in Turton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1246 as Bradeshawe<\/em>, meaning \u2018broad, extensive wood or copse\u2019 from the Old English b<\/em>r\u0101da<\/em> + sceaga<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRADSHAW BROOK<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Tonge<\/strong> that takes its name from the village of Bradshaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises in Lancashire<\/strong> as Cadshaw Brook<\/strong> but changes its name as it emerges from Wayoh (Old English weg<\/em> meaning \u2018way, path\u2019 + hoh<\/em> meaning \u2018spur of a hill\u2019) Reservoir.\u00a0 As Bradshaw Brook it flows into the River Tonge in Leverhulme Park<\/strong> near Bolton.\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRADSHAW CHAPEL<\/strong> is an outlying area of the village of Bradshaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1610 but it is likely that the settlement dates back to Norman times as it developed round an older church or chapel<\/em> uniquely dedicated to St Maxentius, a Norman saint.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRAMALL HALL <\/strong>is a country house in Bramhall<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, parts of which date from the 14th<\/sup> century, set in 20 hectares of land known as Bramhall Park.\u00a0 The earliest parts were owned by the Davenport family (who gave their name to neighbouring Davenport<\/strong>) but it was sold in 1877 and acquired in 1935 by the local council, which opened it to the public.\u00a0 The hall takes its name from Bramhall<\/strong> village but Charles Nevill, who owned the hall from 1883 until his death in 1916, claimed that the Bramall spelling without an H was closer to that used in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRAMHALL<\/strong> is a leafy suburb of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> that was formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was included as Bramale<\/em> in the Domesday Book of 1086, where it was said, \u2018There is land for 6 ploughs.\u00a0 There is woodland half a league long and as much wide, and half an enclosure and 1 acre of meadow.\u00a0 He found it waste\u2019 (see<\/em> Appendix 1).\u00a0 This part of the village was below Bramall Hall<\/strong> at Bramhall Green<\/strong> where the Lady Brook<\/strong> bends but the opening of Bramhall station by the Manchester & Birmingham Railway in 1845 gradually drew development about 1.5 kilometres south.\u00a0 The name means \u2018corner of land where broom grows\u2019 from Old English br<\/em>\u014dm<\/em> + halh<\/em>, and the name is recorded as Bromhall<\/em> as late as 1577.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRAMHALL GREEN <\/strong>is an area of Bramhall<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> to the north of what is now the main village, although it is where much of Bramhall was originally located.\u00a0 The name is recorded from 1777.\u00a0 The green <\/em>is in a meander (halh<\/em>) of the Lady Brook<\/strong>, which once provided power for a corn mill close to Womanscroft<\/strong> bridge.\u00a0 The village gradually moved to its current location following the opening of the railway station in 1845.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRAMHALL MOOR <\/strong>is a residential and commercial area of Bramhall<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport <\/strong>along the old Roman road to Buxton, now the A6.\u00a0 This was the main population centre of Bramhall<\/em> until the 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0\u00a0 Records refer to Bromhall Moore<\/em> in 1632 and the name is one of several moors<\/strong> along the A6, including Heaton Moor<\/strong>, Great Moor<\/strong> and Woodsmoor.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRANDLESHOLME<\/strong> is an area in Bury<\/strong> which dates from mediaeval times.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Brandolfholm<\/em> in 1285 and some sources claim that this is from Brandlesholme<\/em>, the family name of the landowner from the 12th<\/sup> to the 16th<\/sup> centuries.\u00a0 Others suggest that that name may be older \u2013 the holm <\/em>(\u2018island, raised land\u2019) of Uhtbrand<\/em>, an Anglo-Saxon personal name that is found in many \u2018Brand\u2019 places in the Domesday Book of 1086.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRANDWOOD<\/strong> is an area of Spotland<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in about 1200 as Brendwood<\/em>, meaning \u2018the burnt wood\u2019 or \u2018the wood that has been cleared by burning\u2019, from Middle English brend <\/em>(\u2018burnt\u2019) + wudu<\/em> (\u2018wood\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BREARLEY BROOK <\/strong>is a short tributary of the River Roch<\/strong>, which rises near Syke<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and flows west and then north-west to join Hollingworth Brook<\/strong>, which then merges with Ealees<\/strong> Brook to join the Roch at Littleborough<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented.\u00a0 It takes its name from the isolated settlement of Brearley<\/em>, west of Whittaker<\/strong>.\u00a0 It means \u2018clearing among the briars\u2019, from Old English br<\/em>\u00e6r\/br<\/em>\u0113r<\/em> (\u2018briar, bramble\u2019) + l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018woodland clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BREDBURY <\/strong>is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, about 3 kilometres east of Stockport itself and 13 kilometres south-east of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Bretberie <\/em>(see<\/em> Appendix 1), meaning \u2018a stronghold built of boards\u2019, suggesting that it was an Anglo-Saxon fortification.\u00a0 The name comes from the Old English bred-,<\/em> meaning \u2018board, plank\u2019, + byrig<\/em> (\u2018fortified place\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BREIGHTMET<\/strong> is a district in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1257 as Brihtmede<\/em>, at about the same time as workers from Flanders and the Netherlands moved into the area to establish a textile industry.\u00a0 The name comes from the Old English breorht<\/em>, \u2018bright, beautiful\u2019 + m\u00e6d<\/em>, \u2018meadow\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The BRICK COMMUNITY STADIUM<\/strong> is a mixed-use sports venue in Wigan<\/strong> and home to Wigan Athletic football and Wigan Wanderers rugby clubs.\u00a0 It was built in 1999 and opened as called the JJB Stadium<\/strong> after its original sponsor, which had been founded in Wigan by John Jarvis Broughton<\/em> as a sportswear supplier in the early 1900s.\u00a0 It was renamed in 2024 after The Brick<\/em>, a local charity.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRIDGEWATER CANAL<\/strong> was the first industrial canal in Britain, and was built in 1759-1761 by the 3rd<\/sup> Duke of Bridgewater<\/em> (1736-1803) to transport coal from his mines at Worsley<\/strong> to the centre of Manchester<\/strong> at Knott Mill<\/strong>.\u00a0 The canal was later extended from Worsley to Leigh<\/strong> and from Manchester to Runcorn in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The dukes of Bridgewater took their title from Bridgwater<\/em> in Somerset, a name which probably originally meant \u2018Walter\u2019s bridge\u2019 rather than \u2018the bridge over the water\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRIDGEWATER GARDENS <\/strong>are a 62-hectare public garden in the grounds of the former Worsley <\/strong>New Hall in the City of Salford<\/strong> opened by the Royal Horticultural Society in 2021.\u00a0 The name is taken from the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong>, which forms the southern boundary.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRIDGEWATER HALL<\/strong> is a concert venue in central Manchester<\/strong>, opened in 1996.\u00a0 It is named after the Duke of Bridgewater<\/em> (1736-1803) who commissioned the nearby Bridgewater Canal<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRIMMY BROOK <\/strong>is a short stream which probably takes its name from Brimmy Croft<\/em>, a farmstead recorded in 1733.\u00a0 It flows south-west to join Lumb Hole Brook<\/strong>, which then meets the River Tame<\/strong> in Denshaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name and origin are undocumented but two possibilities have been put forward:\u00a0 it could mean \u2018the brook flowing from or along a brim<\/em> or edge\u2019 (Middle English brimme<\/em>), or \u2018the brook in an area overgrown with broom<\/em> wood (Old English bromig<\/em>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRIMROD<\/strong> is a locality in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century as Bromyrode<\/em>, meaning \u2018clearing among broomwood\u2019 from Old English brom\u00a0<\/em>+ –rod<\/em> (\u2018clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRINDLE HEATH<\/strong> is a residential area of Pendleton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong> between the River Irwell<\/strong> and the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1324 as Brendlache <\/em>meaning \u2018a brown stream flowing through boggy land\u2019, from Middle English brend<\/em>-, meaning \u2018burnt, brown\u2019, + –lache<\/em>, meaning \u2018a stream flowing through boggy land\u2019.\u00a0 Presumably this was a muddy brown stream or ditch flowing into the Irwell.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRINKSWAY<\/strong> is an area of Cheadle<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> and also a network of caves that date from 1670, perhaps earlier.\u00a0 The name is taken from a road through the area from Cheadle Heath<\/strong> to Stockport meaning \u2018road at the edge or boundary\u2019, from the Middle English brink <\/em>(\u2018edge, bank, border) + -weg<\/em> (\u2018a path or road\u2019).\u00a0 The road runs along the south edge of the Mersey<\/strong> valley, which explains its name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRINNINGTON<\/strong> is a suburb of Stockport<\/strong> north-east of the town centre.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1248 as Bruninton<\/em> but has its modern spelling by 1290.\u00a0 It means \u2018the village of farmstead of Br\u04efni\u2019s followers\u2019, from the personal name Br<\/em>\u04efni<\/em> + -ing-<\/em> (followers, people of) + –t<\/em>\u016bn <\/em>(\u2018village, estate, etc\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROADBENT<\/strong> is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, north-east of Oldham town centre.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but the surname Broadbent<\/em>, which is said to be derived from the village near Oldham, is common from the mid-16th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name means \u2018reeds that are broad and bent\u2019, from the Old English br<\/em>\u0101d<\/em> + beonet <\/em>(\u2018bent grass\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROADBOTTOM<\/strong> is a village on the River Etherow<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1286 as Brodebothem<\/em>, meaning \u2018wide valley\u2019, from Old English br<\/em>\u0101d<\/em> + bothm<\/em>, which aptly describes the location of the village.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROAD CARR<\/strong> is a rural area of Mossley<\/strong> in Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but may take its name from a local farm.\u00a0 The likely meaning is \u2018broad, rocky place\u2019, from Old English br<\/em>\u0101d <\/em>(\u2018broad, wide\u2019) + carr<\/em> (\u2018rocky place\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROAD EES DOLE<\/strong> is a wildlife park and nature reserve north-east of Sale Water Park<\/strong> beside the River Mersey<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in 1987 and its name echoes its former uses:\u00a0 Old English br\u0101d<\/em> (\u2018broad, spacious\u2019) + ees<\/em> (\u2018wetland\u2019) + dole<\/em> (\u2018common land shared out among local people\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROADFIELD<\/strong> is an area of Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It had a number of cotton mills in the 19th<\/sup> century but the district has little early documentation.\u00a0 Its name is derived from the Old English br<\/em>\u0101d<\/em>, meaning \u2018broad, spacious\u2019 + feld<\/em>, \u2018field, area of land cleared of trees\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROADHALGH<\/strong> is a suburban area of Spotland<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century as Brodehalgh<\/em>, meaning \u2018the broad nook\u2019, from the Old English br<\/em>\u0101d <\/em>(\u2018broad, wide\u2019) + halh<\/em> (\u2018nook or corner of land\u2019), aptly describing its position on the meandering River Roch<\/strong>, which runs south of the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROADHEAD MOSS <\/strong>is an upland area in the Peak District <\/strong>National Park in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Broadhead<\/em> is recorded in 1730 and means \u2018broad headland\u2019, from Old English br<\/em>\u0101d<\/em> + h<\/em>\u0113afod<\/em>.\u00a0 Broadhead Moss<\/em> is recorded on the 1843 Ordnance Survey map, with moss coming from the Old English mos<\/em>, meaning \u2018bog, swamp\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROADHEATH<\/strong> is a suburban area of Altrincham<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1831 and is composed of two modern English words describing its location and landscape.\u00a0 The area developed following the extension of the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong> to Altrincham and Broadheath in 1765 and was initially involved in the supply of vegetables to Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 In 1885 Harry Grey, the 8th<\/sup> Earl of Stamford of Dunham Massey<\/strong>, gave a square kilometre of land to develop an industrial estate at Broadheath to attract engineering companies.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROADHURST PARK <\/strong>is a recreational area in Moston<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The land originally formed part of the estate of Moston Hall but in 1920 its owner, Sir Edward Tootal Broadhurst<\/em> (1858-1922), a Manchester cotton manufacturer, donated 32 hectares to the City of Manchester to commemorate the First World War.\u00a0 United of Manchester built a football stadium in Broadhurst Park in 2015.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROADLEY <\/strong>is an area of Spotland <\/strong>close to the River Spodden<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1228 as Brodeleghbrok<\/em>, meaning \u2018a broad clearing by a brook\u2019, from the Old English br<\/em>\u0101d <\/em>(\u2018broad, wide\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (clearing\u2019) + br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em> (\u2018brook, stream\u2019), which describes its position on a small tributary of the Spodden<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROAD MILLS HERITAGE SITE <\/strong>is a visitors\u2019 attraction in Broadbottom<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It occupies the site of Broadbottom Mills, a large textile mill originally built in 1802-1824.\u00a0 The name was changed to Broad Mills<\/em> in the early 1900s.\u00a0 Much of the mill was destroyed by fire in 1949 and the site was purchased by the council in the 1980s to develop as a tourist attraction.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROAD OAK<\/strong> is an area of Worsley<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong> that also gives its name to Broadoak Park.\u00a0 There are several places named Broad Oak in Greater Manchester and Lancashire, all deriving their names from the Old English br<\/em>\u0101d <\/em>(\u2018broad, wide\u2019) + \u0101c <\/em>(\u2018oak\u2019).\u00a0 The name literally means \u2018broad oak\u2019 but may be a reference to a particularly prominent oak tree that marked a boundary.\u00a0 Broadoak Park was originally the estate of Westwood Park<\/strong> and is now used as Worsley Golf Course.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROADSTONE CLOUGH <\/strong>is a valley north-east of Pobgreen<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 A stream rises on Broadstone Hill on Broadstone Moss and flows west through the clough to join Wickens Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1272 as Brodeston<\/em>, meaning quite literally \u2019broad or large stones\u2019 from Old English br<\/em>\u0101d<\/em> + st\u0101n<\/em>.\u00a0 Clough <\/em>means \u2018deep valley, ravine\u2019 from Old English cl\u014dh<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROADWAY <\/strong>is a Metrolink tram stop in Eccles<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened on 6 December 1999 and is named after a nearby road.\u00a0 The name of the road is recorded at least as far back as 1871.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROCSTEDES<\/strong> was one of the hamlets that made up Ashton-in-Makerfield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> but today it survives as the name of the ground of Ashton Athletic Football Club.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the first half of the 19th<\/sup> century, when cottages were built which were recorded on the first edition of the Ordnance Survey maps.\u00a0 The meaning would seem to be \u2018pastures beside a brook\u2019, perhaps referring to Down Brook or one of its tributaries flowing from the north.\u00a0 The name is derived from Old English br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em> (\u2018brook, stream\u2019) + stede<\/em> (\u2018pasture, farmstead\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROMLEY CROSS<\/strong> in a village in Bradshaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 This is an eponym, the name coming from the Bromley <\/em>or Bromiley<\/em> family, who were landowners in the area since the 16th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The village developed in the 19th<\/sup> century but the name is older as the cross which is included in the name has long since disappeared.\u00a0 The family name would have originated from another Bromley<\/em>, meaning \u2018wood or clearing where broom wood grows\u2019 from the Old English br\u014dm <\/em>+ l\u0113ah.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROOK BOTTOM <\/strong>or BROOKBOTTOM <\/strong>is a residential area to the west of Mossley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, sometimes known as Top Mossley.\u00a0 The name clearly means \u2018the settlement in the bottom of a valley of a brook\u2019 and is recorded in 1755.\u00a0 Today the brook, a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong>, is partially culverted but it is of historical importance as it formerly marked the boundary between Lancashire<\/strong> and Yorkshire<\/strong>, and for this reason it is (or was) sometimes referred to as the County Brook<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROOK BOTTOM BROOK <\/strong>is a stream which rises as New Gate Brook on the West Pennine<\/strong> Moors in Lancashire <\/strong>and becomes Brook Bottom Brook as it flows west into the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> in Greater Manchester<\/strong>. It then continues west to join Dearden Brook and meet the River Irwell<\/strong> in Chatterton in Lancashire.\u00a0 The somewhat odd name may be derived from a settlement in the bottom<\/em> of the valley of an originally-unnamed brook<\/em>, which was later named Brook Bottom Brook by cartographers.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROOKDALE PARK<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0There are several places in Greater Manchester <\/strong>called Brookdale<\/em>, all meaning \u2018stream valley\u2019 from Old English br<\/em>\u014dc <\/em>(\u2018brook, stream\u2019) + d<\/em>\u00e6l <\/em>(\u2018valley, hollow\u2019).\u00a0 Brookdale Park in Newton Heath<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong> was originally developed as a personal estate beside the River Medlock<\/strong> by John Taylor JP in the mid-19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The estate was purchased by Manchester Corporation in 1900 and converted into an 18-hectare public park, opened in 1904.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROOK GREEN<\/strong> is a residential area of Gorton<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name seems to have originated in the 16th<\/sup> century when marshland beside Gore Brook<\/strong> was converted into a green<\/em>, i.e. a farm or small estate.\u00a0 During the 19th<\/sup> century the area became more industrial, particularly with the opening of two railway works in Gorton in 1848 and 1855.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROOKHEYS NATURE RESERVE <\/strong>is a 2.35-hectare woodland and area of special scientific interest north of Dunham Massey <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Brookheys Farm<\/strong>, which is recorded in the area in 1829.\u00a0 The name means \u2018enclosures by a brook\u2019, from the Old English br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em> (\u2018brook, stream\u2019) + hege<\/em> or h<\/em>\u00e6g<\/em>, meaning \u2018enclosure, hedge or hay\u2019, probably referring to Sinderland<\/strong> Brook.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROOKLANDS<\/strong> is an area of Sale <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>, approximately 9 kilometres south-west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 Brooklands is an eponym, named after Samuel Brooks <\/em>(1793-1864), who purchased land in the area in 1856.\u00a0 The name was unofficial at first but was standardised when the Manchester South Junction & Altrincham Railway opened a station named Brooklands on 1 December 1859.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROOKSBOTTOMS <\/strong>is a residential location in Summerseat<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It lies on the north bank of the River Irwell<\/strong> at the point where the Irwell flows out of Gollinrod<\/strong> Gorge and where, a little downstream, Holcombe Brook<\/strong> meets the Irwell.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1773 in reference to Brooksbottoms <\/em>Mill, but is almost certainly much older, and on some 19th<\/sup>-century maps it is spelled Brox Bottom<\/em>.\u00a0 It means \u2018the valley or bottom<\/em> of one or more brooks<\/em>\u2019, referring to the Irwell and\/or Holcombe Brook.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROOMWOOD <\/strong>is a residential area south of Timperley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> built by Altrincham<\/strong> Borough Council in the early 1950s.\u00a0 I can find no record of the name in this area prior to 1949 and it appears to be \u201cmock Anglo-Saxon\u201d \u2013 created from the Old English br<\/em>\u014dm<\/em> (\u2018broomwood) + wudu <\/em>(\u2018wood\u2019) \u2013 to suggest that it was an ancient wooded settlement.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROUGHTON <\/strong>is a suburb of the City of Salford <\/strong>on the east bank of the River Irwell<\/strong>, approximately 1.5 kilometres north-west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 There are several places called Broughton<\/strong> in Britain and the origins of the name may be different and hard to distinguish.\u00a0 The name is first recorded at this location in 1177 as Burton<\/em>, but the spelling Brughton<\/em> was in use by the 16th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It is usually said to mean \u2018fortified village\u2019 from Old English burh <\/em>(\u2018fortified place, stronghold\u2019) + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018village, estate\u2019).\u00a0 There are several places called Broughton in England, including at least four in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 All of these are usually said to mean \u2018the settlement (t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>) by a stream (br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em>)\u2019, but this derivation is thought not to apply to Broughton in Salford.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROWNHOUSE WHAM RESERVOIR <\/strong>was built in the 1860s to supply water to Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes it name from a house, probably a farmhouse, called Brownhouse<\/em> in the area before it was built.\u00a0 Brownhouse is said to mean \u2018house on a round hill\u2019, from the Celtic bron<\/em>.\u00a0 Wham<\/em> is a small valley, especially a boggy hollow, from the Old Norse hwam<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROWNLEY GREEN <\/strong>is an area of Wythenshawe <\/strong>in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1260 as Brumleg<\/em>, meaning \u2018wood or clearing where broom wood grows\u2019 from the Old English br\u014dm <\/em>+ l\u0113ah.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROWNLOW <\/strong>is a rural, wooded area of the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, south-west of Wigan itself.\u00a0 There are several places called Brownlow in north-west England, none of them well documented.\u00a0 A school was built in Brownlow in Wigan in 1672 but the area was probably named long before that date.\u00a0 It means \u2018brown hill\u2019 from the Old English br<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> + hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em> (\u2018hill, mound\u2019).\u00a0 Brownlow is close to Billinge<\/strong> Hill, which is 179 metres high.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROWNLOW FOLD <\/strong>is a residential area of the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, north-west of Bolton town centre.\u00a0 The name dates from the early 17th <\/sup>century when the land was owned by the Brownlow <\/em>family, the same family that owned Hall i\u2019 th\u2019 Wood.<\/strong> Fold<\/em> refers to a small group of cottages and farm buildings.\u00a0 In the 19th<\/sup> century the name became applied to a broader area as the neighbourhood expanded around a colliery and brickworks.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRUN BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises east of Harrop Ridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows south-west through Brun Clough to join Diggle<\/strong> Brook, which then flows south to meet the Tame.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1724 and is thought to derive from either Old Norse br<\/em>\u00fan<\/em>, meaning \u2018moor\u2019, or bruni<\/em>, \u2018a place cleared by burning\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRUNSWICK<\/strong> is a district in the City of Manchester<\/strong>, south of the city centre.\u00a0 It takes its name from Brunswick Street<\/em> (now Brunswick Park), which lies a little to the north and was laid out in the 1880s with the expansion of the campus of the University of Manchester.\u00a0 Brunswick is the anglicised version of the city of Braunschweig<\/em> (\u2018Bruno\u2019s settlement\u2019) in northern Germany.\u00a0\u00a0 German influence in the city and the university was very strong at this time and the first use of this name was Brunswick Mill in Ancoats<\/strong>, which was completed in 1840.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRUNTWOOD PARK<\/strong> is a 40-hectare public park in Cheadle<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name dates from 1860, when John Douglas, a Bradford wool merchant, purchased land in the area and laid out an estate and hall which he named Bruntwood, apparently celebrating his wife\u2019s Scottish home in Bruntwood <\/em>in Ayrshire.\u00a0 The local authority purchased the estate in 1944, using the hall as Cheadle and Gatley town hall and opening the grounds to the public as Bruntwood Park.\u00a0 The original name is thought to mean \u2018burnt wood\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRUSHES <\/strong>is a residential area to the east of Stalybridge <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> with housing estates developed between 1929 and 1939.\u00a0 It also gives its name to Brushes Reservoir, one of four built locally in the 19th<\/sup> century, which was fed by Brushes Brook (formerly Leornardin Brook).\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1770 as Bruches<\/em>, meaning \u2018lands newly-cleared for cultivation\u2019, from the Old English bryce<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRYAN HEY RESERVOIR <\/strong>is a small reservoir north of Smithhills<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in about 1921 for the local population and textile mills but is now a fishing spot.\u00a0 It takes its name from the nearby Bryan Hey Farm<\/em>, which is recorded in the late 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name seems to be a forename eponym:\u00a0 \u2018the enclosed or hedged enclosure (Old English h<\/em>\u00e6g<\/em>) belonging to someone called Bryan<\/em>\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRYN<\/strong> is a suburb of Ashton-in-Makerfield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1212 as Burnal<\/em>, meaning \u2018scorched land\u2019, perhaps land cleared by burning the surrounding forest, from the Old English bryne<\/em> (\u2018burning, fire\u2019).\u00a0 Other sources suggest the name may be Celtic or Welsh in origin from bryn<\/em> meaning \u2018hill\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRYN GATES<\/strong> is a village and airfield north-east of Ashton-in-Makerfield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but Bryn Gates sits on the Bolton Road and it has been suggested that the name refers to turnpike gates on the road between Bolton<\/strong> and Bryn<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRYN MARSH AND INCE MOSS <\/strong>is a 20.5-hectare water and wetland area of special scientific interest 3 kilometres south-east of Wigan <\/strong>that forms one of the seven sites of Wigan Flashes Nature Reserve<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area was formed at the turn of the 20th<\/sup> century by subsidence caused by coal mining companies such as Bryn<\/em><\/strong> Hall and Ince<\/em><\/strong> Moss collieries.\u00a0 Mining came to an end in the 1960s and the area was set aside for conservation in 1989, becoming part of the Wigan Flashes Nature Reserve in 2022.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BUCKLEY\u00a0<\/strong>is a suburb on the north-eastern edge of Rochdale<\/strong> beside Buckley Brook, a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1246 as Bukele<\/em> and is usually said to mean \u2018the clearing or meadow of the bucks\u2019, from Old English bucca<\/em> (\u2018he-goat\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018clearing, meadow\u2019).\u00a0 However, it has also been suggested that the name could be taken from Buckley<\/em> family, who were resident in the area in the Norman period.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BUCKLEY WELLS <\/strong>is a suburb on the south-western edge of Bury<\/strong>, east of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears on the tithe map of 1837 and again in 1856, when the East Lancashire Railway built a locomotive works there.\u00a0 The name is probably an eponym, meaning \u2018the place where there are wells or springs on land belonging to someone called Buckley<\/em>\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BUCKLEY WOOD <\/strong>is a location north of Chadderton<\/strong> and the River Irk<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name first appears on the Ordnance Survey maps of the 1880s and probably refers to a wooded<\/em> area belonging to the Buckley <\/em>family, whose name appears as landowners on 19th<\/sup>-century tithe maps.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BUCKLOW<\/strong> is a residential area that was split in 1974 between Cheshire<\/strong> and the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> in Greater Manchester<\/strong>. \u00a0Bucklow was one of the 12 ancient hundreds of Cheshire and is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Bochelau Hd <\/em>with a value of 18 hides, 6 virgates and 7 bovates.\u00a0 The settlement of Bucklow is recorded in 1240 as Boclou <\/em>and various suggestions have been made for its origin: \u2018beech hill\u2019 from Old English bece<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018beech-tree\u2019) + hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em> (\u2018mound\u2019); \u2018buck\u2019s hill\u2019 from bucca<\/em> (\u2018he-goat\u2019) + hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em>; or \u2018Bucca\u2019s hill\u2019 from an Anglo-Saxon personal name + hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BUCKTON CASTLE <\/strong>was a Norman castle north-east of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside <\/strong>atop Buckton Hill, overlooking Buckton Moor and the Tame<\/strong> valley.\u00a0 It was probably built and then demolished in the 12th<\/sup> century, and nothing is visible today but the thick sandstone foundations have been excavated.\u00a0 The name means \u2018buck valley\u2019 from Old English bucca<\/em> (\u2018buck\u2019) + denu<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BUERSILL <\/strong>is a residential area in eastern Castleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1228 as Brideshull<\/em>, meaning \u2018Bridd\u2019s<\/em> hill\u2019, from an Anglo-Saxon personal name + hyll<\/em>, referring to its position at the foot of a hill.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BUILE HILL PARK <\/strong>is a 35-hectare public park in Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The present park combines several earlier parks and estates:\u00a0 Seedley <\/strong>Park (opened in 1876), Buile Hill Mansion (opened in 1903), Springfield Villa (1927) and Hart Hill House (opened in 1938).\u00a0 The park includes Buile Hill House, originally built in 1827 as the home of Sir Thomas Potter, the first Lord Mayor of Manchester<\/strong> and co-founder of the Manchester Guardian<\/em>, and now awaiting restoration.\u00a0 The name Buile Hill is not well documented before 1598, but it is likely that it is an eponym.\u00a0 The family name of Buile<\/em> means \u2018dweller among the birch trees\u2019 and originated in France, but no one with this family name has been traced in the Salford area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BULL HEY <\/strong>is a residential and recreational area of Wigan<\/strong> north of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is little-documented before a mention of Bull Hey Cottages<\/em> before 1870 and so the origin and meaning are uncertain.\u00a0 One possibility is that the name is taken directly from the Old English bula<\/em> (\u2018bull\u2019) + h<\/em>\u00e6g <\/em>(\u2018enclosure\u2019), meaning \u2018an enclosure for bulls\u2019 or \u2018an enclosure owned by someone keeping bulls\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BULLOCK SMITHY<\/strong> was the original name for what is now Hazel Grove<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 In 1560 a certain Richard Bullock<\/em> leased some land from a Richard Torkington to establish a smithy, and the area became known as Bullock\u2019s Smithy<\/em>.\u00a0 The village acquired a bad reputation, known for gambling, cock-fighting and dog and bull baiting, so that John Wesley described it as \u2018One of the most famous villages in the country for all manner of wickedness’.\u00a0 In 1835 the villagers decided to change the name to the more aspirational Hazel Grove<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BUNKER HILL, Rochdale <\/strong>and BUNKERS HILL, Stockport\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>There are hills across England named Bunker Hill, Bunkers Hill or Bunker\u2019s Hill, all believed to commemorate the costly British victory at the Battle of Bunker Hill<\/em> in 1775 during the American War of Independence.\u00a0 Bunker Hill in Massachusetts is named after George Bunker<\/em>, a settler from Bedfordshire who was given the land in 1634.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BURNAGE<\/strong> is a suburb of the City of Mancheste<\/strong>r roughly 6.5 kilometres south of the city centre.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1322 as Bronage<\/em> and Brownegg<\/em>, thought to mean \u2018brown (Old English br<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>) hedges (hegge<\/em>)\u2019, although these may in fact have been brown stone walls.\u00a0 It remained a rural village throughout the 19th<\/sup> century and in 1894 George Bernard Shaw described Burnage as the prettiest village in Manchester.\u00a0 There was some industrialisation in the early 20th<\/sup> century and the opening of Burnage station by the London & North Western Railway in 1910 led to suburban development.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BURNDEN<\/strong> is a suburb of Bolton <\/strong>about 2 kilometres south-east of the town centre.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1285 as Bornden<\/em>, meaning \u2018the valley where the stream flows\u2019 from the Old English burna<\/em>– (\u2018brook\u2019) + -denu<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019).\u00a0 The stream is Burnden Brook, a tributary of the River Croal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The Bolton Wanderers\u2019 football stadium was built in Burnden in 1894 but was moved to the Toughsheet<\/strong> Stadium in 1997.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BURNEDGE<\/strong> is a residential area south-east of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Brynege<\/em> in 1609 and means \u2018burnt edge\u2019, from Old English brende<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a burnt place, a place destroyed or cleared by burning\u2019) + ecg<\/em> (\u2018edge; the edge of a hill, an escarpment\u2019), referring to its position above Sudden<\/strong> Brook.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BURNLEY BROW <\/strong>is a residential area of Oldham<\/strong>, north of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is not well documented and it is not clear why it is called Burnley.\u00a0 It is close to Burnley Lane<\/em>, but this does not lead to Burnley in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Of course, many roads are given names of places that have little relationship to the place after which they are named:\u00a0 \u201cYou must understand that an English town is a vast conspiracy to mislead foreigners\u201d (George Mikes).\u00a0 Burnley means \u2018clearing beside the River Brun\u2019, from Old English Brun<\/em> (probably from br<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> meaning \u2018brown\u2019) + l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BURRS COUNTRY PARK<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0 <\/strong>is a 36-hectare public park on the River Irwell<\/strong> north of Bury<\/strong> town centre.\u00a0 Textile mills were built at Burrs from 1792 and the last was demolished in 1982.\u00a0 In 1986 the area was purchased by the Metropolitan Borough of Bury and converted into a country park.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but comes from the Old English burh<\/em>\u00a0meaning \u2018a fortified place\u2019, referring to a late Iron Age fort dating from the 5th<\/sup> century BC that was occupied by the Romans and, later, the Anglo-Saxons, who gave it its present name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BURTON ROAD<\/strong> is a Metrolink tram stop in West Didsbury<\/strong> in south Manchester<\/strong> opened on 23 May 2013 and named after the Victorian street it is located on, which probably took its name from the earlier Burton<\/em> Farm.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BURY <\/strong>is a town, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>, on a finger of land between the rivers Irwell<\/strong> and Roch<\/strong> about 14.5 kilometres north-north-west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 It became a metropolitan borough with the creation of Greater Manchester<\/strong> in 1974.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1194 as Biri<\/em> and with its modern spelling in about 1190.\u00a0 It means \u2018at the fort\u2019, from the Old English burg<\/em>, although it is not known which fortification is referred to.\u00a0 Bury gives its name to Bury in Quebec, Canada.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BUSK<\/strong> is a residential area in Chadderton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the construction of the Busk cotton mill in 1847, but would seem be much older.\u00a0 It may possibly derive from the Old Norse buskr<\/em> or the Old English busc<\/em>, both meaning \u2018a bush, a shrub\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BUTLER GREEN <\/strong>is a residential area of Chadderton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, also known as Washbrook<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1863, when the Butler Green<\/em> Cotton Mill was erected by the Butler Green Cotton Spinning Company of Chadderton, suggesting that the village took its name from that of the company.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BUTTERHOUSE GREEN <\/strong>was a hamlet on the border between Bredbury<\/strong> and Woodley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is thought to date from 1348, when it is recorded as Buterales<\/em>, meaning \u2018butter nook\u2019, from Old English butere<\/em> + halh<\/em>.\u00a0 A map of 1710 shows five coal pits in the area called The Great Buteras and the modern name was in use by the end of the 18th<\/sup> century when the Butterhouse Green Tunnel was completed on the Peak Forest Canal.\u00a0 The name does not appear on modern maps.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BUTTERWORTH<\/strong> HALL<\/strong> is a suburb in south-eastern Rochdale<\/strong> that was originally a hamlet east of Milnrow.<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0Butterworth Hall was built in the reign of King Stephen (1135-54) and is recorded in 1235 as Buterworth<\/em>, meaning \u2018butter or dairy farm\u2019, from Old English butere<\/em> (\u2018butter\u2019) + worth<\/em> (\u2018homestead, enclosure\u2019).\u00a0 However, it is recorded as Buckworth<\/em> (Old English bucc<\/em>, meaning \u2018buck, stag\u2019) in the early 14th<\/sup> century and the Butterworth family prefer to derive the name from Old English butta<\/em> (\u2018mound, hill\u2019).\u00a0 The hamlet gave its name to Butterworth Hall Brook, a 2-kilometre stream which flows into the River Beal<\/strong> in Milnrow.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The BUTTS <\/strong>today is a commercial area in the centre of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is not well documented but in the 19th<\/sup> century it was an area on the north bank of the River Roch<\/strong> beside a ford across the river.\u00a0 It is believed to date from mediaeval times, when it was an area set aside for archery practice.\u00a0 The name comes from the middle English butt<\/em>, which was derived from the Anglo-French bouter<\/em>, meaning \u2018expel\u2019.\u00a0 The term originally meant the archery target itself but the meaning was extended to include an area used for archery, especially after a law of 1252 required every adult male to possess and become proficient in the use of a longbow.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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C<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CADISHEAD<\/strong> is a village in the City of Salford<\/strong> on the north bank of the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> near the confluence of the Glazebrook<\/strong> and Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1212 as Cadewalesate<\/em>.\u00a0 There have been various suggestions as to the origin and meaning of the name, the most common being that it means \u2018settlement or pasture (Old English –set<\/em>) by the stream (-waella<\/em>-) of someone called Cada\u2019<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CADSHAW BROOK, <\/strong>with Cadshaw Brook waterfall, is a stream running off Turton Moors and flowing into Turton<\/strong> and Entwistle Reservoir, and then into Wayoh Reservoir.\u00a0 It then becomes Bradshaw Brook<\/strong> and flows into the River Tonge<\/strong> in Leverhulme Park<\/strong> near Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 \u00a0Cadshaw Brook takes its name from the village of Cadshaw in Lancashire.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1200 as Cadeshoubroc<\/em> and evolved into Cadshawe <\/em>by 1617 \u2013 an eponym meaning \u2018Cada\u2019s copse\u2019, from an Anglo-Saxon personal name + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018small wood, copse\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CALAMANCO <\/strong>was an industrial area of Flixton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> that seems to have disappeared from the maps.\u00a0 The name originates from the water-powered Calamanco <\/em>logging mill, which seems to have been built beside the River Irwell<\/strong> in the late 17th<\/sup> or early 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The mill also produced a dye used in the production of calamanco<\/em>, a woollen fabric that was produced from the late 16th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The Mersey & Irwell<\/strong> Navigation<\/strong> built a lock at Calamanco in about 1721 and this remained in use until the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> was completed in 1893.\u00a0 The origin of the word calamanco is obscure:\u00a0 it first appears in English in 1598 and may come from the Spanish calamaco<\/em>, meaning \u2018worsted wool\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CALDER BANK <\/strong>or CALDERBANK<\/strong> is a residential and recreational area of Urmston<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Calderbank<\/em> Farm, which was established in about 1717 and thought to take its name from its position on the banks<\/em> of the Calder<\/em>, a reference to the nearby River Irwell<\/strong> derived from the Celtic caled<\/em>, meaning \u2018rapid stream\u2019.\u00a0 Part of the farm was developed into a housing estate in 1953.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CALDERBROOK<\/strong> is a village on the River Roch<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name of the village is first recorded in 1843 but it is found much earlier as the name of two rivers in Lancashire<\/strong>, and it has even been suggested that it is an older Celtic name for the River Roch.\u00a0 The origin is Celtic caled<\/em>, meaning \u2018rapid stream\u2019 + the later Old English –br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em>, meaning \u2018brook, stream\u2019.\u00a0 There are several examples of reduplication in the names in Greater Manchester<\/strong>, where a tautologous Old English element is added to an earlier Welsh or Celtic name, perhaps as an explanation for the original but forgotten meaning.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CALDERMOOR<\/strong> is a residential area in Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but the original hamlet of Caldermoor is known to have grown up in the 18th<\/sup> century around the Caldermoor <\/em>inn, which was built in 1755.\u00a0 Caldermoor is in the valley of the River Roch <\/strong>and takes its name from the Celtic caled<\/em>, meaning \u2018rapid stream\u2019, which is thought to be the ancient name for the Roch.\u00a0 The addition of moor<\/em> refers to its position on the edge of the moors<\/em> north-east of Greater Manchester<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CALDERSHAW<\/strong> is a residential area on the north-western edge of Rochdale<\/strong> on the River Spodden <\/strong>before its confluence with the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but would seem to mean \u2018copse in the valley\u2019 referring to its position on Caldershaw Brook, which rises south of Caldershaw and flows north-east to empty into the Spodden north-west of the town centre.\u00a0 The Spodden is a tributary of the Roch, which is believed to have been called the Calder<\/em>, from the Celtic caled<\/em>, meaning \u2018rapid stream\u2019.\u00a0 Shaw<\/em> comes from the Old English sceaga<\/em>,\u00a0meaning \u2018a small wood\u2019.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

CALDWELL BROOK<\/strong> is a stream that rises west of Broadheath<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> and flows northward to join Sinderland<\/strong> Brook just below Covershaw Bridge<\/strong> to form Red Brook<\/strong>, which then drains into the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is shown on the Ordnance Survey map of 1842 and means \u2019cold stream\u2019, from Old English cald<\/em> (\u2018cold\u2019) + wella<\/em> (\u2018stream, spring\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CALE GREEN<\/strong> is a residential area in the south Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 At the beginning of the 19th<\/sup> century the area was occupied by Cale Green Farm, although little is known about the owner, John Cale<\/em>.\u00a0 There appears to have been some industrial development as it is known that William Carrington & Co., hat manufacturers, were operating in the area by 1800.\u00a0 The farm was purchased in 1883 and this, combined with the opening of the nearby station at Davenport<\/strong> in 1858, appears to have led to more urban development.\u00a0 Lacrosse and cricket grounds were created in the 1880s and Cale Green Park was opened to the public in 1894 (or 1902 \u2013 sources differ) as the second public park in Stockport.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CALICO BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Douglas<\/strong> that rises in Shevington<\/strong> Vale in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and flows westward to join the Douglas in Appley Bridge in Lancashire.\u00a0 \u00a0The origin of the name is uncertain.\u00a0 One suggestion is that it was called Quitebrok (meaning \u2018White Brook\u2019) in the 14th<\/sup> century but this was changed to Calico Brook, perhaps in the 18th<\/sup> century, with the development of the local calico<\/em> weaving cottage industry, which is also reflected in other places nearby \u2013 Calico Woods, Calico Farm and Calico Cottage.\u00a0 Calico<\/em> is first recorded in English in 1540 and is derived from the city of Kozhikode<\/em> on the west coast of India, an eponymous Tamil name meaning \u2018the Fort of Kalliai\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CAMPFIELD<\/strong> is a former name for Castlefield<\/strong>, along Liverpool Road<\/strong> in the St John\u2019s<\/strong> area of the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is said that it was originally a field<\/em> used as a camp<\/em> for Roman troops and it was used as such during the Civil War and during the Jacobite incursion into England in 1745-1746.\u00a0 At the start of the 19th<\/sup> century, it was used for open-air fairs and markets but two covered market halls were built in the 1870s.\u00a0 The Lower Campfield Market Hall was converted into the Manchester Air and Space Museum in the 1980s, but this was closed in 2021 and both halls have now been repurposed as an innovation centre.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CAPPER BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises south-west of Pobgreen<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows north-west to meet Royle Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 The two then become Pickhill Brook<\/strong>, which flows west to empty into the Tame in Uppermill<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name and derivation are not well documented, but one possibility is that it is named after a local family called Capper<\/em>, who may originally have been capmakers<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CAPTAIN FOLD <\/strong>or CAPTAIN\u2019S FOLD<\/strong> is an urban district of Hopwood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but seems to be from the Captain Fold Colliery<\/em>, which was owned by the Heywood Coal Company and operated between 1842 and 1854.\u00a0 The premises had been acquired by the Atkinson rope manufacturers by 1880.\u00a0 It is unlikely that it refers to a naval or military man with the personal name of Fold<\/em>.\u00a0 It is more likely that \u2018fold\u2019 refers to part of a farm or a small community.\u00a0 Local records suggest that Captain Fold was once called Captain Hardman\u2019s Fold, but it is not known who Captain Hardman was.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CARR <\/strong>is an area north of Diggle<\/strong> and Harrop Green<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1736 and is probably derived from the Old Norse kjarr<\/em>, meaning \u2018boggy area covered with dense undergrowth\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CARR BANK <\/strong>is a residential area of Walmersley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> west of Pigs Lee Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears on the Ordnance Survey map of 1891-93 and probably means \u2018a slope (Old Norse\/Old English banke<\/em>) beside or above a marsh (kjarr<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CARR BROOK <\/strong>and CARR WOOD, Bramhall.<\/strong>\u00a0 Carr Brook is a short stream that rises in Bramhall <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It flows north-east through Carr Wood and joins Lady Brook<\/strong> in Bramhall Park<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1842 and is usually said to derive from the Old Norse kjarr<\/em> or Middle English ker<\/em>,\u00a0meaning \u2018marsh overgrown with brushwood\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CARRBROOK<\/strong> is a village east of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The development of Carrbrook as a village began with the building of Carr Mill in 1799, both mill and village taking their names from Carr Brook<\/em> (a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong>) beside which they sit.\u00a0 The name is likely to have come from the Old English carr<\/em>, meaning \u2018rock\u2019, hence \u2018the rocky stream\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CARRINGTON<\/strong> is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1154 as Carrintona<\/em> but it is found with its modern spelling from the early 13th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The derivation is uncertain.\u00a0 It is usually said to mean \u2018the estate of someone called Cara<\/em>\u2019, from the Old English personal name + -inga-<\/em> (\u2018belonging to\u2019) + –t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018estate\u2019) but other suggestions are that the name may come from the Old English caring<\/em>, meaning \u2018tending, caring\u2019, c<\/em>\u01e3ring<\/em>, meaning \u2018river bend\u2019, or carr<\/em>, \u2018rocky place\u2019.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

CARVER THEATRE <\/strong>is a small theatre in Marple <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was founded in 1906 as the Marple Drama Society and later moved to the Carver Institute, a community centre built by Thomas Carver <\/em>(1831-1903), a local mill owner and benefactor.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CASTLEFIELD<\/strong>\u00a0is an inner-city\u00a0urban-heritage site in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 It was the site of the Roman fort of Mancunium<\/strong> from about AD 79 but acquired its English name of Castle-in-the-field<\/em> by the Middle Ages.\u00a0 It developed into the industrial area of Castlefield when it became the terminus for the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong> in 1764 and the Liverpool Road<\/strong> terminus of the Liverpool & Manchester Railway in 1830.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CASTLE HALL <\/strong>is residential area east of Dukinfield<\/strong> and close to Cheetham Park<\/strong> and the River Tame<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Castle Hall<\/em>, an Elizabethan-style \u2018castellated<\/em> mansion\u2019 built by Sir William Dukinfield-Daniel (1725-1758).\u00a0 The hall was demolished in 1861 and the area became more urbanised as agricultural workers and immigrants sought work in the area\u2019s textile mills.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CASTLE HILL, Bolton<\/strong> is in south Bradshaw<\/strong> overlooking Bradshaw Brook<\/strong>, north-east of Bolton town centre.\u00a0 Despite its name, there is not and probably never has been a castle<\/em> on the site, and neither is it possible to see any castle from the top \u2013 Bolton Castle in about 130 kilometres to the north-north-east in Yorkshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The origin of the name is usually said to be a mystery, but we might note that the official seal of Bolton, dating from 1799, and the coat of arms of 1890 both included an elephant with a castle on its back.\u00a0 This is said to commemorate a mediaeval link with the Diocese of Mercia<\/strong>, which had its seat in Coventry.\u00a0 The coat of arms of Coventry, granted in 1345, similarly includes an elephant and castle, the castle perhaps one originally built in 1137-43, but destroyed before the end of the 12th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CASTLE HILL, Bowdon\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> WATCH HILL CASTLE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CASTLE HILL, Stockport <\/strong>is the site east of the town centre of Stockport<\/strong> Castle.\u00a0 It is believed it was built between 1135 and 1154, and is recorded as Castellum de Stokeporta<\/em> in 1173 and as Castelhull<\/em> in 1355.\u00a0 It was in ruins by 1535 and demolished in 1775.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CASTLESHAW <\/strong>or CASTLE SHAW <\/strong>is a small village in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> which was formerly in the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded as Castlyshaw<\/em> in 1544 and with its modern spelling in 1581.\u00a0 The name means \u2018the fort or castle near a copse\u2019 from the Old English castel<\/em> + sceaga<\/em>.\u00a0 The fort refers to a Roman fortress built in about AD 79 AD the Roman road from Chester and Manchester<\/strong> to York.\u00a0 The village lends its name to Castleshaw Upper and Lower Reservoirs, which were built in 1887-91 to supply water to Oldham.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CASTLE SHORE BROOK, CASTLE SHORE CLOUGH <\/strong>and CASTLE SHORE HILL <\/strong>are all features in the north-east of the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and are believed to have originated as misspellings of Castle Shaw<\/strong>, the Roman camp and settlement which lies some way to the south-east.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CASTLETON<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> on the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1246 as Castelton<\/em>, literally meaning \u2018settlement by a castle\u2019.\u00a0 This is believed to refer to a Saxon castle beside the River Roch.\u00a0 The settlement was originally Blue Pits Village<\/strong> and the name \u2018Castleton\u2019 was not adopted until 1875, when it became an urban district council.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CATLEY LANE<\/strong> HEAD<\/strong> is a village in Spotland<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, north-west of Rochdale itself.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1418 as Catcloghgate<\/em>, apparently meaning \u2018wild-cat valley road\u2019, from Old English catt<\/em> + cl<\/em>\u014dh <\/em>(\u2018valley\u2019) + Old Norse gate<\/em> (\u2018street, road\u2019), referring to a mediaeval route between Rochdale and Whalley<\/strong> Abbey in Lancashire, also known as Rooley Moor<\/strong> Road. The name had been rationalised to Catley Lane by 1597.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

CENTRAL STATION\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> GMEX<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHADDERTON<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> about 10 kilometres north-east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1200 as Chaderton<\/em> and is said to mean \u2018farm by the hill called Cadeir\u2019.\u00a0 Cader<\/em> is a Celtic word meaning \u2018chair or hill\u2019, with the Old English -t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018farmstead, village\u2019).\u00a0 This may be a reference to the nearby hill Hanging Chadder<\/strong>, which is about 250 metres high.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHADKIRK<\/strong> is an area on the River Goyt<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport <\/strong>that also gives its name to a 24-hectare country park and nature reserve.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1306 as Chaddekirke<\/em> in reference to the current Chadkirk chapel.\u00a0 The name means \u2018St Chad\u2019s<\/strong> church\u2019, referring to the 7th<\/sup>-century Bishop of Lichfield in Mercia<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHADWICK<\/strong> is a village about 3 kilometres west of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in about 1180 as Chaddewyk<\/em>, meaning \u2018the w<\/em>\u012bc<\/em> (village) of Ceadda<\/em>, who is thought to be St Chad\u2019.\u00a0 Chad<\/em> was a 7th<\/sup>-century Anglo-Saxon monk and Bishop of Lichfield in Mercia<\/strong>, and it is claimed that the original church on this site was dedicated to St Chad in AD 673, the year after his death.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHAIN BAR <\/strong>is residential and recreational area in Moston<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>, north-east of the city centre.\u00a0 It is not well documented but the name is found elsewhere in England and suggests that it was once a chained<\/em> toll bar<\/em> on one of the turnpike roads between Manchester and Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 Turnpike trusts were established in the area in the 18th<\/sup> and early 19th<\/sup> centuries but were largely abolished in the late 19th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHAMBERHALL <\/strong>is an industrial estate in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>, north-west of the town centre, opened in 2020.\u00a0 The site takes its name from Chamber Hall<\/em>, a three-storey country house dating from 1611, where Sir Robert Peel<\/strong> was born in 1788.\u00a0 The house was demolished in 1909 or 1911 (sources differ) and an electricity power station was built on the site.\u00a0 The power station was closed down in 1969 and the site was later developed as a business park.\u00a0 \u2018Chamber Hall\u2019 is the name of several country houses across the region.\u00a0 The name is thought to mean either a house with a large chamber<\/em> which can be used for official functions, or a multi-storeyed building with bed-chambers<\/em> on the upper floors.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHANTERS BROOK<\/strong> is a tributary of Glaze Brook\/River Glaze<\/strong> which rises south of Atherton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and flows south-east to meet Hindsford<\/strong> Brook, which then flows west and ultimately joins Glaze Brook.\u00a0 The name comes from the chantry<\/em> (a small chapel where monks or priests would chant<\/em>), which was established in 1360.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHAPELFIELD NATURE RESERVE <\/strong>is a 5.5-hectare local nature reserve in Radcliffe<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The original chapel<\/em> is believed to be that of the Stand Lane Independent (later Congregational and now United Reform Church) chapel built in 1792 and the area had become known as Chapelfield by the end of the 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 In 1915, the Radcliffe Paper Mill was established in Chapelfield and after this was closed down in 1998 the site was converted into the nature reserve.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHAPELFIELDS <\/strong>is a residential area in east Hindley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name means literally \u2018chapel in the fields\u2019 and originated from Hindley Chapel<\/em>, a Presbyterian chapel built in 1641 on land donated by George Green.\u00a0 The chapel passed to the Anglican Church in 1698 and was replaced in 1766.\u00a0 In 1878 it became All Saints Church.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHARLESTOWN, Manchester <\/strong>is a residential area in Blackley<\/strong> about 8 kilometres north of the city centre close to Boggart Hole Clough<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1818-19 and is probably named after Charles<\/em> Booth, a member of a prominent landowning family.\u00a0 An earlier member of the family, Humphrey Booth, had built Booth Hall in Blackley in 1639-40.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHARLESTOWN, Salford<\/strong> is a residential area of the city close to the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented and is said to be a 19th<\/sup>-century name for an area that had various names.\u00a0 It is believed that it is named after someone called Charles<\/em>, but it is not known who this was.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

CHARLESTOWN, Stockport<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> WOODSMOOR <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHASSEN PARK <\/strong>is a small public park with a miniature railway in Flixton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is officially known as Abbotsfield Park<\/strong> but is also known as Chassen Park.\u00a0 It takes this name from the adjacent Chassen Road.\u00a0 The road was originally called Abbots Lane, from a local family, but was changed to Penny Lane in about 1846.\u00a0 In about 1865 it was changed to Chassen Road, apparently from a local family, although no details can be traced.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHAT MOSS<\/strong> is a very large peat bog extending over some 28 square kilometres across the City of Salford<\/strong> and the Metropolitan Boroughs of Wigan<\/strong> and Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded as catemosse<\/em> in 1277 and Daniel Defoe was astounded when he first saw it in about 1727:\u00a0 \u2018the great bog or waste call\u2019d Chatmos<\/em>\u2026. The nature of these mosses, for we found there are many of them in this country\u2026 is indeed frightful to think of.\u2019\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Moss<\/em> is an Old English word meaning \u2018a bog, a swamp\u2019 and is widely used across the region. \u00a0Chat<\/em> is usually explained as the Celtic ced,<\/em> meaning \u2018wood\u2019, and Defoe noted that \u2018under this moss, or rather in the very body of it, \u2026 those antient fir trees are found\u2019.\u00a0 Alternatively, the root could be Old English ceat<\/em>\u00a0meaning \u2018a piece of wet ground\u2019 and, again, Defoe\u2019s description might support such a derivation:\u00a0 \u2018The surface \u2026 will bear neither horse or man, unless in an exceeding dry season.\u2019\u00a0 Other explanations are that Chat<\/em> is a personal name, either Old English Ceatta<\/em> or even St Chad<\/em>, the 7th<\/sup>-century Bishop of Lichfield in Mercia<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEADLE <\/strong>is a suburb or \u2018village\u2019 in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> that was previously part of Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Cheadle is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Cedde<\/em>, where there is \u2018woodland 1 league long and half wide, and an enclosure and a hawk\u2019s eyrie\u2019.\u00a0 The nameis a hybrid that comes from the Celtic c\u0113d<\/em>, meaning \u2018wood\u2019.\u00a0 Chedele<\/em> is recorded from 1197, with the Old English l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018clearing\u2019) added to the Celtic element.\u00a0 This may describe the clearing in the forest or it may be an explanation of the older Celtic element.\u00a0 It has also been suggested that the name may have been derived from St Chad, the 7th<\/sup>-century Bishop of Lichfield in Mercia<\/strong>, but this suggestion is usually discounted.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

CHEADLE HEATH<\/strong> is a suburb of the Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, about 3 kilometres west of the town centre.\u00a0 Originally part of Cheadle<\/strong>, it seems to have developed a separate name by 1367, when it was recorded as Schedleheth<\/em>, from a distorted rendering of Cheadle<\/em> + Old English h<\/em>\u01e3th<\/em> (\u2018uncultivated land\u2019).\u00a0 The modern spelling is found from 1831.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEADLE HULME<\/strong> is a village suburb in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, formerly part of Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Cheadle Hulme was originally part of Cheadle<\/strong>, which is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1).\u00a0 In the early 14th<\/sup> century, Cheadle seems to have split into two:\u00a0 the northern part remained as Cheadle and the southern part became Cheadle Moseley or Cheadle Hulme.\u00a0 The separate name is recorded in 1345 as Chedle Hulm<\/em>, with the modern spelling found from 1669.\u00a0 Cheadle is a hybrid:\u00a0 it comes from the Celtic c\u0113d<\/em>, meaning \u2018wood\u2019, + Old English l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018clearing\u2019).\u00a0 Hulme<\/em> is Old Danish and is related to Old Norse holmr<\/em>, meaning \u2018raised ground in a marsh\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEADLE ROYAL <\/strong>is a locality west of Cheadle<\/strong> town centre in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Cheadle Royal<\/em> Hospital, which was originally founded as the Manchester Lunatic Hospital in what is now Piccadilly Gardens<\/strong> in 1766.\u00a0 It received royal<\/em> sponsorship from King William IV in 1830 as part of Manchester Royal Infirmary, but was moved to Cheadle in 1850 and renamed Cheadle Royal Hospital in 1902.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEADLE SQUARE<\/strong> is a small public space close to the town hall in central Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was laid out in 1947 and named in honour of Frank Cheadle<\/em> (1885-1940), who, as mayor of Bolton in 1928-1929, campaigned for the area to be set aside as a public space rather than being given over to industrial use.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEESDEN <\/strong>is a moorland hamlet in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Chesden<\/em> in 1543 and is taken from the valley of the nearby Cheesden Brook<\/em>, meaning \u2018gravel valley\u2019, from the Old English cis<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018gravel\u2019) + denu <\/em>(\u2018valley\u2019).\u00a0 Cheesden Brook meanders south to meet Naden Brook, <\/strong>which flows into the River Roch<\/strong> near Heywood<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEETHAM<\/strong> and CHEETHAM HILL <\/strong>are neighbouring residential and light-industrial areas in the City of Manchester<\/strong>, north of the city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the late 12th<\/sup> century as Chetham<\/em>, meaning \u2018village by the wood called Chet\u2019, from the Celtic c\u0113d<\/em> (\u2018wood\u2019) + Old English h<\/em>\u0101m<\/em> (\u2018village, homestead\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEETHAM PARK<\/strong> is a 12-hectare public park in Stalybridge <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The land was formerly the estate of John Frederick Cheetham <\/em>(1835-1916), a mill owner and Stalybridge MP, and a relative, a Mrs Wimbush.\u00a0 The two estates were donated to the town of Stalybridge in 1931 and opened as a public park named after J F Cheetham in 1932 and Eastwood Nature Reserve<\/strong>, opened in 1931.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEETWOOD <\/strong>is a locality in Cheetham<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>, north of the city centre, that was first recorded as Chetewood<\/em> in 1489.\u00a0 It shares part of its name with Cheetham but wudu<\/em> (\u2018wood\u2019) has been added to the Celtic c\u0113d-<\/em> or c\u0113to-,<\/em> meaning \u2018forest\u2019, by way of explanation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHELBURN RESERVOIRS\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>There are two reservoirs \u2013 Upper and Lower Chelburn \u2013 in Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The Upper Chelburn was built in 1799-1801 and the Lower Chelburn in 1816 by damming Chelburn Brook <\/em>to supply water for the Rochdale Canal but they were purchased in 1923 by Rochdale and Oldham Corporation to provide drinking water.\u00a0 The derivation of Chelburn is uncertain \u2013 it could mean \u2018cool stream\u2019 or \u2018gravelly stream\u2019, either from Old English col<\/em> (\u2018cool\u2019) or cisel<\/em> (\u2018gravel\u2019) + burna<\/em> (\u2018stream\u2019).\u00a0 Chelburn is one of the few streams in Greater Manchester<\/strong> originally formed from burna <\/em>rather than br\u014dc<\/em>, so that Chelburn Brook is tautologous.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEQUERBENT<\/strong> is a village east of Westhoughton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1782, when reference is made to a coal mine in Chequerbent.\u00a0 The village is probably far older as the name is usually said to mean \u2018Ceacca<\/em>\u2019s moorland grass\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + beonet <\/em>(\u2018bent grass\u2019), referring to the coarse moorland grass found in the vicinity.\u00a0 An alternative possibility is that the first element comes from Old English ceacce<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a lump, applied to a hill\u2019).\u00a0 The name of the village was standardised by the Bolton & Leigh Railway, which opened a station called Chequerbent for Hulton Park on 11 June 1831.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

CHERRY CLOUGH <\/strong>is a rural area north-west of Denshaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded from 1750 and means \u2018cherry valley\u2019, from Middle English chery<\/em> or chiri<\/em> + clough<\/em>.\u00a0 Cherry Brook flows through Cherry Clough, joining Lumb Hole Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the River Tame.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHERRY TREE <\/strong>is a residential area of Romiley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was one of the hamlets of Romiley that was shown on the 1831 Ordnance Survey map.\u00a0 It takes its name from Cherry Tree<\/em> Farm, which was probably developed in the 1840s and named after a prominent cherry tree rather than a cherry orchard.\u00a0 The land was acquired by compulsory purchase after World War II and a housing estate was built in the early 1950s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHESHAM<\/strong> is a residential area of the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1429 as Chesum<\/em>, meaning \u2018gravelly place\u2019, from the Old English cis<\/em> (\u2018gravel, heap of stones\u2019) + h<\/em>\u0101m<\/em> (\u2018village, homestead\u2019).\u00a0 Another possibility is that it derives from the Celtic c\u0113d<\/em>, meaning \u2018wood\u2019.\u00a0 See also<\/em> FREETOWN<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

CHESHIRE<\/strong> is the county to the south of Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle of 980 as Legeceasterscir<\/em>, meaning \u2018shire of the fort of the legions\u2019,\u00a0but by the time of the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) it had been reduced to Cestrescir <\/em>(\u2018Chester-shire\u2019).\u00a0 Chester itself is derived from the Latin castra<\/em>, meaning \u2018camp or fort\u2019.\u00a0 The border between the counties of Cheshire and Lancashire<\/strong> was the River Mersey<\/strong> but the creation of Greater Manchester<\/strong> in 1974 moved the boundary south and parts of north-east Cheshire were moved into Greater Manchester – Altrincham<\/strong>, Dukinfield, Hyde, Stalybridge <\/strong>and Stockport<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHETHAM\u2019S LIBRARY<\/strong> is a free public reference library in central Manchester.<\/strong>\u00a0 The library, as well as a school, were established in 1653 through the will of Humphrey Chetham<\/em> (1580-1653), making it the oldest public reference library in the English-speaking world.\u00a0 In 1698 Celia Fiennes described it as \u2018a large Library 2 long walls full of books on each side; there is also the globes at the end and maps\u2019.\u00a0 Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx worked together in the library in 1845 and published \u2018The Communist Manifesto\u2019 in 1848.\u00a0 The desk they worked at is exhibited in the library.\u00a0 The school became Chetham\u2019s School of Music in 1969.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

CHEW BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1325 as Choo<\/strong>, meaning \u2018valley\u2019, from \u2018gap, fissure, cleft\u2019 and hence \u2018valley\u2019, from Old English c\u0113o<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019) + broc<\/em>\u2019.\u00a0 Chew Brook rises on the western slopes of Black Chew Head<\/strong> and then empties into Chew Reservoir, which was built in 1912, and joins the Tame in Greenfield.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEW MOOR<\/strong> is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong> that is first recorded as Chow More<\/em> in the 16th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name is said to derive either from the Old English c\u0113o<\/em>, meaning \u2018fissure\u2019 and hence \u2018valley\u2019, or the Chew<\/em> or Chow<\/em> family, who lived in the area in the 16th<\/sup> and 17th<\/sup> centuries, or perhaps the Cholle<\/em> family, who can be traced back to 1322.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u2018CHINA TOWN\u2019 <\/strong>is an area of central Manchester<\/strong> around Faulkner Street with many Chinese restaurants, shops and supermarkets.\u00a0 The term is widely used in cities across the world and dates back as far as 1606.\u00a0 Manchester\u2019s Chinatown<\/em> was a post-war development dating from the opening of the first Chinese restaurant, the Ping Hong, in 1948 and immigration mostly from Hong Kong in the 1950s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHORLTON-CUM-HARDY<\/strong> is a suburb of south Manchester<\/strong> that was originally two settlements (see separately for Hardy<\/strong>) \u2013 Chorlton in the north and Hardy in the south, separated by Chorlton Brook.\u00a0 Chorlton is recorded in 1258 as Cholreton<\/em>, but with the modern spelling in 1551.\u00a0 The name is an eponym \u2013 \u2018Ceolferth\u2019s farm or village\u2019 from the Anglo-Saxon personal name C<\/em>\u0113olferth<\/em> (modern Charlton).\u00a0 The combined name of Chorlton-cum-Hardy \u2013 literally Chorlton with Hardy \u2013 is first recorded in 1700 but seems to have become more widely used in about 1880, when property developers used the term to distinguish it from Chorlton-upon-Medlock<\/strong>; the opening of the Midland Railway\u2019s Chorlton-cum-Hardy station in that year standardised the name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHORLTON EES <\/strong>is a 58-hectare nature reserve on the south side of the River Mersey<\/strong> in the south of the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the nearby town of Chorlton<\/em> + Ees<\/em>, a local word for an area of dry woodland in a marshy area derived from the Old English \u0113g<\/em>, meaning \u2018island\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHORLTON FOLD <\/strong>is a suburban area of Eccles<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 Chorlton<\/strong> was a common name in northern Cheshire<\/strong> and south Lancashire<\/strong>, and it was necessary to distinguish various places with this name.\u00a0 Chorlton Fold is not well documented but would seem to come from the Old English ceorl<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a freeman of the lower class, a peasant\u2019) + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018enclosure, village\u2019) + fold<\/em> (\u2018small group of cottages and farm buildings\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHORLTON-UPON-MEDLOCK<\/strong> or CHORLTON-ON-MEDLOCK<\/strong> is an inner-city suburb of the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded as Cherleton <\/em>in 1177, meaning \u2018farmstead of the freemen or peasants\u2019, from the Old English ceorl<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a freeman of the lower class, a peasant\u2019) + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018enclosure, village\u2019).\u00a0 In mediaeval times until 1618, the village was known as Chorlton Row, i.e. Chorlton Road, as it was beside the Roman road from Manchester to Buxton.\u00a0 The modern name of Chorlton-upon-Medlock is recorded from 1843, indicating the area\u2019s position on the south bank of the River Medlock.\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHORLTONVILLE<\/strong> is a residential area within Chorlton-cum-Hardy<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built as a private venture in 1910-11, inspired by the garden city movement.\u00a0 The name is aspirational, combining Chorlton<\/em> with the French –ville<\/em>, which was used by some housing-estate developers in the late 19th<\/sup> and early 20th<\/sup> centuries, perhaps because of American influence.\u00a0 This is the only such example in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHOWBENT<\/strong> is an area of Atherton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> or an old, alternative name for Atherton which is still used locally.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in about 1350 as Chollebynt<\/em> and Shollebent<\/em>, and may be derived from an Old English personal name C\u0113ola<\/em> or ceole<\/em> meaning \u2018gorge\u2019 + bent<\/em>, \u2018crooked land\u2019, or beonet<\/em>, meaning \u2018coarse moorland grass\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CINDER HILL<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0There are many places called Cinder Hill across England, including at least two in Greater Manchester:\u00a0 Cinder Hill near Holcombe <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>, first recorded in 1688, and Cinder Hill in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, first recorded in 1722.\u00a0 \u00a0The name means \u2018hill where cinder or slag is spread or found\u2019, from the Old English sinder<\/em> + hyll<\/em>.\u00a0 As the names suggest, they are sites of mediaeval metal-working, probably iron.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLAMMERCLOUGH<\/strong> is an area in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong> that is especially known for Clammerclough (or Farnworth) tunnel, built by the Manchester & Bolton Railway in 1838.\u00a0 The area is not well documented before the construction of the tunnel but the name is possibly derived from Old English claeme<\/em> + cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>, meaning \u2018clayey or muddy ravine or valley\u2019.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The valley refers to that of the Rivers Croa<\/strong>l and Irwel<\/strong>l, which join in Clammerclough.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLARENCE PARK <\/strong>is a 20-hectare public park in Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in 1883 as Walmersley<\/strong> Road Recreation Ground but renamed Clarence Park in 1888 when it was officially opened by the Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII), who was also known as the Duke of Clarence<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLARKE\u2019S BRIDGE <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> KINGSTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLARINGTON BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Douglas<\/strong> that rises east of Whelley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and flows south-west to join the Douglas in Scholes<\/strong>.\u00a0 According to local sources, the name was originally Lorington Brook,<\/em> presumably meaning \u2018the settlement of Lora\u2019s<\/em> people\u2019, derived from an Anglo-Saxon personal name.\u00a0 By the 19th<\/sup> century, the name appears as Clarington Brook.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLARKSFIELD<\/strong> is a suburban district of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1821 and, as its name suggests, was an agricultural area.\u00a0 Presumably the name is an eponym, but it has not been possible to identify the Clark<\/em> for whom it is named.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLAYTON<\/strong> is a suburb of the City of Manchester<\/strong> in Droylsden<\/strong>, situated some 5 kilometres east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in about 1250 as Cleyton <\/em>but its modern spelling is recorded as early as 1439.\u00a0 There are two versions of the origin of the place name.\u00a0 It could be from Old English cl<\/em>\u01e3g<\/em> + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>, meaning \u2018homestead on clayey ground`.\u00a0 Another, perhaps more likely suggestion, is that it is named after the Clayton<\/em> family, who lived in this area and for whom the Clayton Hall was built in the 12th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 This was replaced in the 15th century by the present Clayton Hall, which is now a museum.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLEGG HALL <\/strong>is a rural area north of Milnrow<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1200 as Clegg<\/em>, probably from the Old Norse kleggi<\/em>, meaning \u2018haystack\u2019 and hence \u2018hill\u2019, probably in reference to the 175-metre high Owl Hill<\/strong>, at the foot of which Clegg stands.\u00a0 The original hall was built in the 13th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 A new hall was built in 1610-1618 and still stands as the centre of this sparsely-populated community.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The CLIFF<\/strong> is a residential and recreational area in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1817, when Cliff House<\/em> was erected on the heights above the River Irwell<\/strong>, giving the area its name.\u00a0 The area developed as a commuter suburb in the 19th<\/sup> century and was also home to Manchester <\/strong>race course.\u00a0 Today, areas of the Cliff have been turned over to sports fields and a country park adjoining Kersal<\/strong> Dale.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLIFTON<\/strong> is a suburb of Swinton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>, about 8 kilometres north-west of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded as Clifton <\/em>in 1184 and its name transparently means \u2018settlement near a cliff or hillside\u2019, from the Old English clif<\/em> + -t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>, which describes its position along the steeply-sloping bank of the River Irwell.<\/strong>\u00a0 Clifton gives its name to the 48-hectare Clifton Country Park, which now occupies the site of the Wet Earth Colliery<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLOSE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Douglas<\/strong> that rises south of Marsh Green<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and flows east to meet the Douglas in Laithwaite<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded on the Ordnance Survey maps of the late 1840s and probably means \u2018the brook running through or beside an enclose<\/em>d field\u2019, although it has not been possible to identify which field this could refer to.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLOSE PARK<\/strong> is an 11.2-hectare public park in Radcliffe<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The park is sited in the grounds of Close <\/em>House, the estate of the Bealey<\/strong> family, a local family of textile bleachers.\u00a0\u00a0 The estate was donated to the people of Radcliffe in 1925 and the grounds converted into a public park.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLOUGH, Littleborough<\/strong> is a rural area north-west of Littleborough <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is one of many across Greater Manchester derived from the Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>, meaning \u2018ravine, deep valley\u2019, referring to Long Clough Brook and Stony Brook, which meet in Clough<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLOUGH, Shaw <\/strong>is a rural area east of Shaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>. The name is not well documented but comes from the Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>, meaning \u2018ravine, deep valley\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLOVER HALL <\/strong>is a village north-west of Milnrow<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but seems to mean \u2018clover nook\u2019, from the Old English claefre<\/em> (\u2018clover\u2019) + <\/strong>halh\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018nook or corner of land\u2019), referring to the sharp meander in the River Beal<\/strong> to the east of Clover Hall.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLOWES PARK <\/strong>is a 10-hectare public park in Broughton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The Clowes<\/em> family acquired an extensive estate in Broughton in the 18th<\/sup> century and the park was laid out by George Clowes in 1866.\u00a0 He later donated the park to the City of Salford.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COAL BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises west of Delph<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>and flows roughly north for a short distance through Coal Clough to meet the Tame.\u00a0 The name is not well documented or dated but, as coal has been mined in the Delph area since the Middle Ages, it seems likely that it is literal, meaning \u2018the stream where coal seams or outcrops can be found\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COCKBROOK <\/strong>is a residential area of Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Cock Brook<\/em>, a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong>, which flows just south of Cockbrook.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>The name is not well documented before 1891, when Cockbrook Mill was opened, powered by water from Cock Brook.\u00a0 The origin of the name is also uncertain.\u00a0 Judging by other places with \u2018cock\u2019 as a first element, the origin could be Old English cocc<\/em> meaning \u2018a rooster\u2018 or cocc<\/em> meaning \u2018a hillock\u2019.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

COCKER HILL<\/strong> is a hill with a residential area at its foot north-west of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 Although the history of Cocker Hill is well documented, dating back to 1698, making it one of the oldest areas of Stalybridge, the origin of the name is uncertain.\u00a0 However, its position west of a bend in the River Tame<\/strong> makes it likely that it means \u2018crooked hill\u2019, from the Old Norse krokr<\/em>, meaning \u2018crook, bend, usually of a river\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COCKEY MOOR<\/strong> is an area on the eastern side of Ainsworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1545 as Cokkaye Chapel Moor.<\/em>\u00a0 The origin is uncertain:\u00a0 either Old English cocc,<\/em> meaning \u2018rooster\u2019, or Anglo-Saxon personal name Cocca<\/em> + hege<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019).\u00a0 Taken together, the meaning could be \u2018an enclosure for breeding birds or for cock-fighting\u2019 or \u2018Cocca\u2019s settlement\u2019.\u00a0 An alternative derivation is suggested by the Old Celtic kokka<\/em> (\u2018red earth\u2019) + Old English l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018woodland clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COCK KNARR BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises on Cock Knarr, east of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> and flows north-east into Swineshaw<\/strong> Brook, which then flows west to meet the Tame in Millbrook<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name means \u2018hillock (Old English cocc<\/em>) with a rugged rock (cnearr<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COFFIN LANE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong> that rises east of Bryn Gates<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, then flows east to meet Hey Brook<\/strong> and ultimately empties into Glaze Brook.\u00a0 The name is recorded on the Ordnance Survey map of 1846, which also shows Coffin Lane<\/em>, a track that today leads west from Bryn Gates but which was probably part of an old corpse road from Abram<\/strong> to the church in Ashton-in-Makerfield<\/strong>.\u00a0 Coffin or corpse lanes were common in mediaeval England as coffins had to be carried quite long distances to the nearest church or cemetery.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COLD GREAVE CLOUGH <\/strong>is a valley with a stream on the moors of the west Pennines<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> that flows into the Rooden Catchwater and feeds Rooden Reservoir<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded on Ordnance Survey maps of the 1840s and means \u2018the ravine (Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>) of or beside the bleak (Old English cald<\/em>) grove <\/em>(Old English gr<\/em>\u01e3fe<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COLDHURST<\/strong> is a residential area in central Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1844, when an ecclesiastical parish was established.\u00a0 The origin of the name is uncertain but it is unlikely to be \u2018cold, cool\u2019. The first element is more likely to be Old English col<\/em>, meaning \u2018coal, especially charcoal\u2019.\u00a0 The second element is Old English hyrst<\/em>,\u00a0(\u2018wooded hill\u2019), so that the combined meaning would be \u2018wooded hill suitable for charcoal-making or where charcoal is made\u2019.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

COLLIER BROOK <\/strong>is a 3-kilometre tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong> that rises east of Atherton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and joins with Atherton Brook and Lilford<\/strong> Park Brook before their confluence with Glaze Brook.\u00a0 The name is taken from the Collier<\/em> family, who owned Collier Brook Farm from the early 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It gave its name to the Collier Brook Bolt Works, which was built in 1856 on Bag Lane<\/strong>, opposite Collier Brook Farm.\u00a0 The site is now occupied by Collier Brook Industrial Estate.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COLLYHURST<\/strong> is an inner-city district of the City of Manchester<\/strong>, about 2.5 kilometres north-east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1322 with its modern spelling and means \u2018wooded hill grimy with coal dust or soot\u2019, from Old English colig<\/em> (\u2018grimy, coal-like\u2019) + hyrst <\/em>(\u2018wooded hill\u2019).\u00a0 There seems to be no history of coal-working in the area in the Middle Ages but coal was found nearby in the 19th<\/sup> century, leading to the sinking of St George\u2019s colliery in 1866.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

COLLYHURST FOOTBRIDGE<\/strong> is a disused footbridge over the River Irk<\/strong> and the former sidings of the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway connecting Collyhurst <\/strong>with Cheetham Hill<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in the 1890s and is also known as \u2018Barney\u2019s Steps\u2019, as it overlooked a 1950s council dump called Barney\u2019s Tip, the \u2018Impossible Bridge\u2019, or \u2018Lowry<\/strong>\u2019s Footbridge\u2019 as it was painted by Lowry in 1938 (see<\/em> Appendix 2).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COMPSTALL<\/strong> is a village on the River Etherow <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1608 as Compstall Bridge<\/em>, referring to a crossing over the Etherow.\u00a0 The derivation is uncertain but it is usually said to mean \u2018valley fishing place\u2019 from Old English cumb<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019) + stall<\/em> (\u2018a place for catching fish, fishery\u2019).\u00a0 The Etherow is still known for its trout fishing.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CONEY GREEN <\/strong>is a residential area of Radcliffe<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It appears on the Ordnance Survey maps of 1891-93 but was previously mentioned in the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway Act of 1877 authorising a line to Coney Green<\/em> Farm.\u00a0 The name means \u2018green <\/em>or grassy area where rabbits are found or kept\u2019, from Middle English coni<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CONTACT THEATRE <\/strong>is the University of Manchester\u2019s arts venue on Oxford Road <\/strong>in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was started in 1972 as Manchester\u2019s Young People\u2019s Theatre but was renamed Contact<\/em> in 1999 to highlight its mission to provide a point of contact<\/em> between the university and the wider community.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COOKCROFT <\/strong>is a residential area south of Shaw <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears on Ordnance Survey maps in the 1880s and probably means \u2018the small enclosure or farm (croft<\/em>) belonging the someone called Cook<\/em>\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COOPER TURNING <\/strong>is a hamlet at the junction of Chorley Road (A6) and Dicconson Lane (B5239) north-west of Westhoughton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears on Ordnance Survey maps of 1888-90 and the same maps show a \u2018works\u2019 there.\u00a0 It is tempting to conclude that there was a cooper\u2019<\/em>s works at this turning<\/em> in the road but this cannot be confirmed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COPLEY<\/strong> is a district of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, about 13 kilometres east of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1345 as Coppelegh<\/em>, probably meaning \u2018clearing beneath a peaked hill\u2019, from Middle English coppa<\/em> (\u2018peaked\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em>\u00a0<\/strong>(‘a clearing’).\u00a0 This would fit with Copley\u2019s position at the foot of the Pennines<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is also possible that it means \u2018Coppa\u2019s place\u2019, from an Anglo-Saxon personal name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COPSTER HILL <\/strong>is a district in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> which takes its name from the nearby hill.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1422 as Coppedhyrst<\/em>, from copped<\/em>, meaning \u2018peaked\u2019, and hyrst<\/em>, meaning \u2018wooded hill\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CORNBROOK <\/strong>or CORN BROOK <\/strong>is a district in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> which takes its name from the Corn<\/em> Brook<\/em>, a tributary of the Irwell <\/strong>which now flows into the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> at Pomona<\/strong> docks. \u00a0The name is recorded in 1322 and means \u2018stream with cranes\u2019 rather than \u2018stream with corn\u2019, derived from the Old English cran<\/em>, cron<\/em> or corn<\/em>.\u00a0 The use of the name was perhaps standardised by a station with that name opened in 1856 by the Manchester South Junction & Altrincham Railway.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CORONATION STREET<\/strong> is a street on the New Barracks<\/strong> estate of the City of Salford.<\/strong>\u00a0 The estate was built in 1900-1904 and the street was named for the coronation<\/em> of King Edward VII on 9 August 1902.\u00a0 The street gives its name to the long-running ITV soap-opera of that name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CORRIDOR MANCHESTER\u00a0 <\/strong>See <\/em>OXFORD ROAD<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COTE GREEN <\/strong>is a residential area of Marple Bridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded from 1842.\u00a0 The origin of the name is uncertain but one possibility is Old or Middle English cot<\/em>, meaning \u2018cottage or hut\u2019 + gr<\/em>\u0113ne<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COTTERILL CLOUGH NATURE RESERVE <\/strong>is a 5.6 hectare woodland area and site of special scientific interest south of the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was purchased with funds raised by the public in memory of Thomas Alfred Coward (1867-1933), a naturalist from the University of Manchester.\u00a0 The name comes from the family name Cottrell<\/em> + the Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>, meaning \u2018ravine, deep valley\u2019 in reference to the valley of Cotterill <\/em>Brook, a tributary of the River Bollin<\/strong>, which flows through the area.\u00a0 The surname Cotterill or Cottrell is thought to derive from the is Old or Middle English cot<\/em>, meaning \u2018cottage or hut\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COTTON FAMINE ROAD <\/strong>is a cobbled road on Rooley Moor<\/strong> above Norden<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> built during the American Civil War in the 1860s, when slave-grown cotton from the Confederate States was boycotted by the Lancashire mill workers, causing a \u2018cotton famine\u2019<\/em> and extreme social hardship.\u00a0 To provide employment and relief, millworkers were paid to pave a mile-long section of the road with about a third of a million stone cobbles or \u2018setts\u2019.\u00a0 The road still exists today as a memorial to the Rochdale mill workers.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u2018COTTONOPOLIS\u2019<\/strong> is a nickname for Manchester<\/strong> and the surrounding industrial areas of south Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1851 but seems to have been coined somewhat earlier, although no one seems to know when or by whom.\u00a0 The name is derived from cotton<\/em> and metropolis<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Certain inhabitants of Cottonopolis were sometimes referred to as \u2018Cottontots\u2019.\u00a0 The term seems to have originated in the early 1840s when the children (tots<\/em>) of cotton<\/em> families made excursions to what was then northern Cheshire<\/strong> on the newly-built railways, annoying the local inhabitants.\u00a0 However, by the 1870s the term was used more approvingly to refer to cotton magnates who were known for their wealth, philanthropy and lavish homes in Bowdon<\/strong> and other towns in south Manchester<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

The COUNTY BROOK\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> BROOK BOTTOM<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COUNTY END<\/strong> is an area on the eastern side of Lees<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area is at the point where the previous county of Lancashire<\/strong> met the former West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong>, explaining the name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COVERSHAW BRIDGE <\/strong>is a road bridge across Sinderland <\/strong>Brook from Dunham Massey<\/strong> into Carrington<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is at this point that Sinderland and Caldwell<\/strong> Brooks join to form Red Brook<\/strong>, which then flows west into the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The bridge is shown on the Ordnance Survey map of 1842 and may mean \u2018dove or pigeon copse\u2019 from Old English culfre<\/em> + sceaga<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COWHILL<\/strong> is a residential area of Chadderton <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1200 as Kuhill<\/em>, literally meaning \u2018cow\u2019s hill\u2019, from Middle English cou<\/em> + hyll<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COWLISHAW<\/strong> is a residential area in the west of Shaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Cowleshawe<\/em> in 1558.\u00a0 The derivation is uncertain but it could mean \u2018charcoal hill\u2019 from Old English colig\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018<\/em>charcoal; full of, or marked by, charcoal\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse\u2019).<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

COX GREEN<\/strong> is a residential area in the Egerton<\/strong> district of the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded as Cosse<\/em> 1108 but by 1248 it had become Cokksgrene<\/em>, from the Old English cocc <\/em>(\u2018hillock, hilltop\u2019) + grene\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018grassy spot, village green\u2019).\u00a0 However, over time the name was rationalised to \u2018Cox\u2019 as if it were an eponym referring to someone named Cox who owned or worked the land.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CRANKWOOD <\/strong>is a hamlet north-east of Golborne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The place is not well documented before the first edition of the Ordnance Survey maps in the first half of the 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It takes its name from nearby Crank Wood but the origin is uncertain:\u00a0 possibilities are Old English cranus<\/em> (\u2018crane\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse\u2019) or crumb<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018crooked, twisted\u2019) + wudu <\/em>(\u2018wood, forest\u2019), so that the meaning might be \u2018wood of the cranes\u2019 or \u2018crooked wood\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CRIMBLE<\/strong> or CRIMBLES <\/strong>is a rural area on the River Roch <\/strong>north of Heywood <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale.\u00a0 <\/strong>The name is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Crumles<\/em>, from the Old English cr<\/em>\u04efmel<\/em> meaning \u2018a small piece (crumb) of land\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CRIME LAKE<\/strong> is a small lake in Daisy Nook<\/strong> Country Park in Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The lake was formed in 1794 or 1795 when a blocked culvert under the Hollinwood<\/strong> Canal resulted in flooding.\u00a0 The name is said to be derived from chrime<\/em>, a dialect word for a meadow, or perhaps an eponym referring to someone who owned the meadow.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CRINGLE BROOK\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>There are several places named Cringle across England, all derived from the Old Norse kringla<\/em>, meaning \u2018circle\u2019, and often referring to the meandering of a river.\u00a0 Cringle Brook in Burnage<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong> that rises in Heaton Chapel<\/strong> and later joins Chorlton <\/strong>Brook.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1322 as Kringelbroke<\/em>, meaning \u2018the winding stream\u2019, and later gave its name to the area through which it flowed and to Cringle Hall, built early in the second half of the 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Today Cringle Brook survives as the name of a school and gives its name to Cringle Park in Levenshulme<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River CROAL<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises west of Bolton<\/strong> and then flows east for about 16 kilometres to meet the Irwell at Nob End<\/strong> in Kearsley<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name means \u2018winding stream\u2019 and is derived from the Old English croh<\/em> (\u2018a nook of land in a river bend\u2019, hence \u2018winding\u2019) + wella<\/em> (\u2018stream\u2019), referring to its meandering course.\u00a0 Despite its Old English form, the Croal is not recorded before 1836, when it is identified as forming the boundary between Great and Little Bolton.\u00a0 Before the 19th<\/sup> century it is usually referred to as Mikelbrok<\/em>, a form which is recorded in 1292 and which means \u2018great stream\u2019, from Old English mycel<\/em> + br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em>.\u00a0 Over time this was rationalised to Middlebrook<\/em><\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROFTS BANK<\/strong> is a residential area of the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but it is likely that it is derived from the Old English croft<\/em>, meaning \u2018small enclosed field\u2019 + Old Norse or Middle English banke<\/em>, meaning hill slope.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROMPTON<\/strong> is part of the district of Shaw<\/strong> and Crompton in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1246 as Crumpton<\/em>, meaning \u2018settlement in a bend\u2019 referring to Crompton\u2019s position in a meander of the River Beal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The origin is the Old English crumb<\/em> (\u2018crooked, twisted, bent\u2019) + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018homestead, settlement, village\u2019).<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

CROMPTON PLACE<\/strong> is a retail centre in Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in 1971 as an Arndale Centre<\/strong> but was renamed in 1989 after the Bolton-born industrialist and inventor, Samuel Crompton<\/em> (1753-1827), who invented his spinning mule for the manufacture of cotton and other fibres in in about 1779 while living in Hall I\u2019 th\u2019 Wood.\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROMWELL BRIDGE, <\/strong>originally CROMWELL ROAD BRIDGE<\/strong>, was built in 1880-1882 and crosses the River Irwell<\/strong> to connect Broughton<\/strong> with Pendleton <\/strong>in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 Oliver Cromwell<\/em> (1599-1658) had many associations with what is now Greater Manchester<\/strong> during and after the civil war, but it is not known precisely when or why Cromwell Road was named after him.\u00a0 There are 24 streets named after Cromwell in Greater Manchester.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CRONKEYSHAW COMMON<\/strong> is a 16.3-hectare area of public open space with trees in northern Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1470 as Crankshaw<\/em> and there are various suggestions for its derivation.\u00a0 It may come from Old English cranus<\/em> (\u2018crane\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse\u2019) or crumb<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018crooked, twisted\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse\u2019), so that the meaning might be \u2018copse of the cranes\u2019 or \u2018crooked copse\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROOKE <\/strong>is a village on the River Douglas<\/strong> and the Leeds & Liverpool Canal in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1324 as Crok<\/em>, probably from the Old Norse krokr<\/em>, meaning \u2018a crook, a bend\u2019, usually referring land in the bend of a river, which aptly describes the village\u2019s location in a meander in the River Douglas.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROOK GATE RESERVOIR <\/strong>is one of a series of reservoirs north of Denshaw<\/strong> built in the 1880s to supply water for the population and industries of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The reservoir is fed by Readycon Dean Brook<\/strong>, which is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong>.\u00a0 The origin of the name is unclear and undocumented but it is believed to be named after a toll gate<\/em> located on a crook<\/em> or bend in a road across the moors.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROOKILLEY WOOD <\/strong>is a 4.57-hectare area of ancient woodland near Bredbury<\/strong> and Brinnington<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1259 as Crokuill<\/em> but the origin is uncertain:\u00a0 it may be Old English croc<\/em> (\u2018a shepherd\u2019s crook) + l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROSSACRES<\/strong> is a residential area of Wythenshawe<\/strong> in the City of Manchester.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1290 as Crosacres<\/em>, meaning \u2018fields or ploughed lands (Old English \u00e6cer<\/em>) near a cross (cros<\/em>)\u2019.\u00a0 As the name suggests, this was sparsely-populated farmland noted for its flax, although the location of the cross is not recorded.\u00a0 In the 1930s the area was incorporated into the Wythenshawe development around Crossacres Road.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROSS BANK<\/strong> is a village in the south of Oldham<\/strong> on the River Medlock<\/strong>.\u00a0 The village is thought to have been part of the lands granted to the Knights Templar in England in the 13th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The Knights Templar marked ownership of their territory by placing crosses <\/em>in earth banks<\/em>, which explains the name of Crossbank.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROSS BANK BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong> that rises south-east of Shuttleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> and flows north-west to join the Irwell south-east of Stubbins in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Its derivation is not well documented:\u00a0 the name could reference the fact that it crosses<\/em> Bank Lane<\/strong>, or it may refer to an ancient cross<\/em> that perhaps marked the eastern boundary of Ramsbottom<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROSSFORD BRIDGE<\/strong> today carries the old Roman road from Manchester<\/strong> to Chester (the A56) across the River Mersey<\/strong> between Stretford<\/strong> and Sale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1295 as Crosford<\/em>, meaning simply \u2018the ford by the cross\u2019, possibly referring to a cross<\/em> that originally stood on the north bank of the Mersey.\u00a0 The ford<\/em> became unusable in the Middle Ages and the original wooden bridge is said to have been built by 1367, but this was replaced by a stone bridge in 1578.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROWCROFT PARK <\/strong>is a public park in Longsight<\/strong> and Levenshulme<\/strong>, south of the city centre of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 In the 19th<\/sup> century, the area was an industrial area engaged in cotton manufacture, but in 1900 Manchester Corporation took over the lease and laid the area out as a park.\u00a0 The first cotton mill had been started in Crowcroft<\/em> by Thomas Knight in 1815 but it is likely that the name is older, meaning \u2018small field where crows are found\u2019 from the Middle English croue<\/em> + croft<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

CROWHILL<\/strong> is a residential area west of Waterloo<\/strong> in Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The residential development dates from the 1950s but it is assumed that the local area, commonly known as \u2018The Moss\u2019, was at some time named Crow Hill<\/em>, from Old English cran<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018crane, heron or similar bird\u2019) + hyll<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROWN POINT <\/strong>is an area in Denton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> which gives its name to the Crown Point retail shopping park, built in 2003 on the site of the Victoria Hat Works.\u00a0 The name goes back at least as far as 1817 and commemorates a battle in the northern part of what is now the American state of New York in 1759, when the British destroyed a French garrison known as Fort St Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric, which they then renamed Fort Crown Point<\/em>, a translation of the French Pointe \u00e0 la Chevelure.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROWTHER STREET <\/strong>or CROWTHER STEPS<\/strong> is a steep cobbled street in the Underbanks <\/strong>district of Stockport<\/strong> made famous by two paintings by L S Lowry.\u00a0 <\/strong>The street is named after the Crowther<\/em> family, who had silk works in both Stockport and Heaton Norris<\/strong> in the late 18th<\/sup> and early 19th<\/sup> centuries.\u00a0 The original houses on Crowther Street were demolished in the 1960s but restored early in the 2000s to approximate to those in Lowry\u2019s paintings.\u00a0 (See<\/em> Appendix 2)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CRUMPSALL<\/strong> is a suburb of the City of Manchester<\/strong> on the River Irk<\/strong> approximately 5 kilometres north of the city centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1235 as Corneshal <\/em>and its modern spelling is recorded since 1552.\u00a0 It is usually said to be an eponym meaning \u2018Crumb\u2019s nook\u2019, although it has also been suggested that it could mean \u2018crooked piece of land\u2019, from Old English crumb<\/em> (\u2018crooked, bent\u2019) + halh <\/em>(\u2018nook of land\u2019), from the large bend in the River Irk at this point.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CUDWORTH BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises on Cudworth Pasture on the moors north of Castleshaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>and flows south through Cudworth Clough into Castleshaw Upper Reservoir.\u00a0 The name seems to be undocumented but is found elsewhere in England as an eponym meaning \u2018Cuda\u2019s or Cutha\u2019s enclosure\u2019, from an Old English personal name + Old English worth<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CULCHETH<\/strong> is a suburb of the City of Manchester <\/strong>close to Newton Heath<\/strong>.\u00a0 This Culcheth is not to be confused with Culcheth in the Metropolitan Borough of Warrington in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Culcheth Hall in Manchester was the mediaeval seat of the Culcheth family, but they died out in 1621.\u00a0 It is assumed that these two places named Culcheth both originally meant \u2018narrow wood\u2019 or \u2018nook of a wood\u2019 from Celtic c<\/em>\u016bl <\/em>(\u2018narrow\u2019) + coed<\/em> (\u2018wood\u2019), but another possibility is that it is a corruption of Kershaw<\/em>, meaning \u2018church in a copse\u2019, from Old Norse kirk<\/em> + Old English sceaga<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CULVERT CLOUGH <\/strong>flows south-west from the west Pennine<\/strong> moors of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> to meet the Rooden Catchwater that feeds Rooden Reservoir<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded on Ordnance Survey maps of the late 19th<\/sup> century and means \u2018the ravine (Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>) with a stream in or like a culvert<\/em>\u2019.\u00a0 Culvert<\/em> first appears in English as an engineering term in 1774 and is usually said to be of unknown origin, although it has been suggested that it is of French or Dutch origin, or even an eponym named after a forgotten engineer.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CUNNINGHAM BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong> that rises west of Westhoughton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It flows south and ultimately joins the River Glaze<\/strong> near Lately Common in Warrington.\u00a0 The name is recorded on the Ordnance Survey map of 1892 and probably takes its name from a farm or field owned by a local family called Cunningham<\/em>.\u00a0 The surname Cunningham<\/em> is of Scottish origin from a place in Ayrshire meaning \u2018the homestead or enclosure of the milk pail\u2019, from the Gaelic cuinneag<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018milk pail\u2019) +\u00a0ham<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018enclosure, homestead\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u2018CURRY MILE\u2019<\/strong> is the nickname given to the stretch of Wilmslow Road passing through Rusholme<\/strong>, south of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The area became a meeting place for the many people from the Asian subcontinent who settled in Manchester in the late 1950s and 1960s, and \u2018Curry Mile\u2019<\/em> became the nickname in the mid-1980s for the many restaurants that were opened.\u00a0 In January 2008 the name was standardised when Manchester City Council erected signs with the title. \u00a0Curry<\/em> comes from the Tamil kari<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CUTACRE COUNTRY PARK <\/strong>is a 226-hectare nature reserve across parts of Salford<\/strong>, Wigan<\/strong> and Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in 2020 on the site of a massive slag heap formed in the early 20th<\/sup> century when waste from Brackley and Mossley Common collieries was dumped in the valley of Cutacre Clough<\/em>.\u00a0 Opencast mining ended in 2011 and the site was then landscaped and transformed into the country park.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is possibly an eponym, from an Anglo-Saxon personal name such as Cutha<\/em> + \u00e6cer<\/em>, meaning \u2018plot of land\u2019.\u00a0 Cutacre lends its name to Cutacre Brook, a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CUTGATE <\/strong>is a residential area of Rochdale<\/strong> about 1.5 kilometres west of the town centre.\u00a0 It was recorded as Cut-Hays<\/em> in 1562 and \u2018gate\u2019 is thought to derive from Old Norse gata<\/em>, meaning \u2018road\u2019.\u00a0 It has been suggested that the first element is either a personal name or that it refers to the road being cut<\/em> across the hillside.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CUTLER HILL <\/strong>is an area in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> on the disused Hollinwood<\/strong> Branch of the Ashton<\/strong> Canal.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1797, when Cutler Bridge<\/em> was built over the newly-completed canal.\u00a0 The name would seem to come from cutler<\/em>, either literally as being the site of a workshop where someone made or sold knives, or as an eponym from Cutler\u2019s Hill.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CUTTING ROOM SQUARE <\/strong>is a residential and commercial public space in Ancoats<\/strong> in the City of Manchester <\/strong>opened in 2018 as part of a local regeneration project with new and repurposed buildings.\u00a0 Its name consciously echoes the area\u2019s textile industry history and refers to the cutting rooms<\/em> where the completed cloth was cut to make garments.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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D<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DACRES <\/strong>is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, south-west of Greenfield<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is an eponym, taking its name from Dacre\u2019s, the vicarage of Bartholomew Dacre<\/em> (1785-1831), the vicar of St George\u2019s Church in Mossley<\/strong>, which was built in 1819.\u00a0 It was enlarged in 1858 as Dacre Hall, a house which still stands.\u00a0 In 1928 the owner built a small housing estate adjacent to Dacres Hall.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DAISYFIELD<\/strong> is a residential area on the south-west edge of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is probably literal \u2013 an area or field<\/em> where daisies<\/em> grew.\u00a0 The urban development of Daisyfield is not well documented before the 1840s, when the Hutchinson family built the Daisyfield textile mill and the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway built Daisyfield Viaduct over the Manchester Bolton and Bury Canal and the River Irwell<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DAISY HILL<\/strong> is a residential area of Westhoughton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The origins of the name are uncertain and undocumented.\u00a0 In 1824 it was referred to as Daisey Hillock<\/em> and it is assumed that the name was taken literally from a hill covered with daisies.\u00a0 The name was standardised with the opening of Daisy Hill station by the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway on 1 October 1888.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

DAISY NOOK<\/strong> is a village (also known as Waterhouses<\/strong>) and country park belonging to the National Trust in Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is taken from a book of \u2018Lancashire Sketches\u2019 by the Manchester<\/strong> weaver-turned-dialect writer, Ben Brierley (1825-96), originally written in 1867.\u00a0 In it he depicts an imaginary village called Daisy Nook where ‘Two Banks seemed to have opened to receive a group of neat whitewashed cottages and after filling them with happiness, surrounded them with a curtain of trees, to shelter them from the outside world\u2019.\u00a0 Brierley\u2019s description was based on the village of Waterhouses and the area has been known by this name ever since.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DAKIN\u2019S BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of Dean Brook<\/strong> and, ultimately, of the River Tonge<\/strong>, north of Barrow Bridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but it may well be an eponym, so that the meaning would literally be \u2018the stream named after a relative of David<\/em>\u2019.\u00a0 Dakin as a name is derived from a shortening of David <\/em>+ Old English cynn<\/em> (\u2018family, relative\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DALE <\/strong>is a village in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, although in the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1732 and means \u2018valley\u2019, from the Old English d<\/em>\u00e6l<\/em>, probably referring to the valley of Hull Brook,<\/strong> a tributary of the River Tame.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DALES BROW<\/strong> is a residential area in south Swinton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in the 18th<\/sup> century as a dairy farm with some cottages.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but presumably means \u2018hill (brow<\/em>) at the top of a valley (dale<\/em>), referring to the valley of Deans Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DANE BANK <\/strong>is a residential area of Denton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, west of the town centre, known as Dane Shot (or Shott or Shutt) Bank before the 20th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 According to local legend, it takes its name from a Danish chieftain who was shot by a Saxon archer and was then beheaded, but this is almost certainly folk etymology:\u00a0 the original name means \u2018narrow field overlooking a valley\u2019 is derived from Middle English denu<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019) + shote<\/em> (\u2018narrow strip of land\u2019) + banke<\/em> (\u2018bank, hillside\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The DANELAW<\/strong> was originally just that \u2013 the law<\/em> that was applied by the Danes<\/em> or, more widely, the Vikings in the parts of England that they controlled between the late 9th<\/sup> or early 10th<\/sup> century and the Norman conquest in 1066.\u00a0 In the 19th<\/sup> century, the term came to be applied to the areas where the Danelaw was applied.\u00a0 Whether what is now Greater Manchester<\/strong> was included in the Danelaw is a matter of some disagreement:\u00a0 some modern maps include all of Greater Manchester in the Danelaw but place-name evidence suggests that the Viking influence was limited to isolated settlements rather than widespread occupation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DANGEROUS CORNER <\/strong>is a residential area east of Hindley Green<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> where Westleigh <\/strong>Lane meets the Atherton<\/strong> Road (now the A577).\u00a0 The name is recorded on a map of 1855 and, according to a local legend and poem, derives from an incident in which a horse-drawn hearse tipped over at the dangerous corner<\/em>, spilling the corpse of a farmer\u2019s wife, who awoke and survived for several more years.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DARBISHIRE<\/strong> or DERBYSHIRE PARK<\/strong> is an 8.9-hectare park north-west of Bolton<\/strong> town centre.\u00a0\u00a0 The land was donated to the town in 1868 by Charles James Darbishire<\/em> (1797-1874), who had been mayor of Bolton in 1838-1839, and his brother, Samuel Dukinfield Darbishire<\/em> (c.1796-1870), a local solicitor.\u00a0 The park is popularly known as \u201cBobby Legs Park\u201d after a tall park keeper named Robert.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DARCY LEVER <\/strong>is part of the area named Lever<\/em> which consists of several settlements \u2013 Darcy Lever, Great Lever<\/strong>, Lever Edge<\/strong> and Little Lever<\/strong> \u2013 south of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name Lever is recorded in 1212 as Lefre<\/em>, from the Old English lefer<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018rush, reed\u2019), so that the entire area would mean \u2018where the rushes or reeds grow\u2019 on the banks of the Irwell<\/strong> and Croal<\/strong>.\u00a0 Darcy Lever is recorded from 1509 as Darcye Lever<\/em>, showing that it was now in the possession of the D\u2019Arcy<\/em> family.\u00a0 The family originated in Arcy<\/em> in Normandy in France.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DARLEY PARK, Bolton, <\/strong>is a 1.53-hectare public park in Farnworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong> beside the River Croal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is taken from Darley Hall<\/em>, a mansion built by Benjamin Rawson (1758?-1843), a sulphuric acid manufacturer, in about 1806.\u00a0 The estate was purchased by the local council in 1911 and the house was demolished in about 1914.\u00a0 The name means \u2018deer clearing\u2019, from Old English d<\/em>\u0113or<\/em> (\u2018deer\u2019) + l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018woodland clearing\u2019).\u00a0 The park <\/em>may suggest that this was previously an area where deer were kept or hunted.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DARLEY PARK, Firswood, <\/strong>is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> neighbouring Old Trafford<\/strong> and Whalley Range<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Darley Hall<\/em>, a Tudor-style mansion built in the mid-19th<\/sup> century for Wilson Crewsdon (1790-1871), a local cotton manufacturer.\u00a0 The local council later purchased the property and demolished the house.\u00a0 The name means \u2018deer clearing\u2019, from Old English d<\/em>\u0113or<\/em> (\u2018deer\u2019) + l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018woodland clearing\u2019).\u00a0 The park <\/em>may suggest that this was previously an area where deer were kept or hunted.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DARNHILL<\/strong> is a residential area of Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was a farming area centred around Darn Hill<\/em> farm, but in the early 1960s it became the site for the construction of large-scale municipal housing for families from Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented.\u00a0 The Darnhill <\/em>family website suggests that the name means \u2018a grower of darnel<\/em>\u2019, a type of ryegrass.\u00a0 Darnel is originally French but is found in English from the early 14th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DAUBHILL <\/strong>is a south-western suburb of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is referred to as Daub Hill<\/em> in 1815.\u00a0 It is derived from Middle English daube<\/em>, meaning clay used in mediaeval building, as in \u2018wattle and daub\u2019, which was obtained locally.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

DAVENPORT <\/strong>is a suburb of Stockport<\/strong> that takes its name from the Davenport<\/em> family, who had owned Bramall Hall<\/strong> since the 14th<\/sup> century and whose name came from their estate in Cheshire, which was recorded as Deneport<\/em> in the Domesday Book of 1086.\u00a0 The name is said to derive from the River Dane (thought to come from the Celtic dafn<\/em>\u00a0meaning \u2018a drop, trickle\u2019) + Old English\u00a0port<\/em>\u00a0meaning \u2018market town\u2019.\u00a0 Davenport in Stockport is much later:\u00a0 in the mid-19th<\/sup> century a member of the family, Colonel William Davenport<\/em>, persuaded the Stockport Disley & Whaley Bridge Railway to build a station to serve land owned by him and named after him.\u00a0 The station was opened on 1 March 1858, was closed in September 1859 and re-opened on 1 January 1862.\u00a0 The station led to the development of Davenport and the neighbouring area of Cale Green.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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DAVENPORT GREEN <\/strong>is a village north-east of Hale Barns<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 Davenport Green farm and Davenport Green Hall probably date from Mediaeval times and take their name from Jurdan de Davenport<\/em>, who was granted land in Hale<\/strong> by Hamon Massey of Dunham Massey<\/strong> in 1281.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DAVID LEWIS RECREATIONAL GROUND <\/strong>is an area of Peel Park<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The land was gifted to Salford in 1897 as a recreational area by merchant and philanthropist, David Lewis<\/em> (1823-1885).\u00a0 He made his money from the Lewis\u2019s chain of departmental stores, the first of which was opened in Liverpool in 1856 and the second in Manchester<\/strong> in 1877.\u00a0 On his death, he left money to promote health and welfare in Lancashire<\/strong> and the north-west.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DAVYHULME <\/strong>is a residential area of Urmston<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The original Davyhulme Hall<\/em> was built by John de Hulme in 1154 but it seems that it was only in 1434 that it was known as Defehulme<\/em>. There are several Hulmes<\/em> in Greater Manchester<\/strong>, all derived from the Old Norse holm<\/em>, meaning \u2018raised ground in a marshy place\u2019, and they needed to be distinguished, hence Cheadle Hulme, Levenshulme<\/strong>, etc).\u00a0 The origin of Davyhulme is uncertain and the usual suggestion is that it is Middle English deaf<\/em>, meaning \u2018deaf\u2019 or \u2018lonely\u2019, perhaps the nickname of one of its residents that gradually became associated with the personal name Davy<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DEAN BROOK\u00a0<\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tonge<\/strong> that rises on Smithills <\/strong>Moor in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It flows south, joining other streams to form the Tonge<\/strong> at Meeting of the Waters in western Bolton.\u00a0 The name Dean comes from the Old English denu<\/em>, meaning \u2018valley\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River DEAN <\/strong>rises at Longclough in Cheshire<\/strong> on the edge of the Peak District<\/strong> and joins the Bollin <\/strong>between Wilmslow and Styal.\u00a0 It then flows some 16 kilometres and meets the Mersey <\/strong>near Lymm.\u00a0 It is usually said that the name is shortened from \u2018Dean Water\u2019 and is derived from the Old English denu<\/em>, meaning \u2018a valley, especially a long valley\u2019 + w<\/em>\u00e6ter<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DEAN CHURCH BROOK<\/strong>, also known as KIRK BROOK<\/strong>, is a small tributary of the River Croal<\/strong> that rises in Deane<\/strong> in south-west Bolton <\/strong>and flows north in Middle Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 The addition of Church<\/em> distinguishes it from other brooks named Dean<\/em> (all derived from the Old English denu<\/em>, meaning \u2018valley\u2019) and is taken from the\u00a0Anglican Church <\/em>of St Mary the Virgin in Deane.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DEANE<\/strong> is a residential area in south-west Bolton<\/strong>, south of the River Croal <\/strong>beside Deane Clough. \u00a0Dean <\/em>and Deane<\/em> are common place names found across Britain, all meaning a place \u2018in a valley\u2019 from Old English denu<\/em>.\u00a0 Deane in Bolton is recorded in 1292 as Dene<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

DEAN HEAD BROOK<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises east of Bleak Hey Nook<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and joins Thorns Beck<\/strong>, which then flows into Diggle Brook<\/strong> and finally into the Tame.\u00a0 Dean Head is recorded in 1736 \u2013 probably a farm at the head<\/em> (h<\/em>\u0113afod<\/em>) of the valley (denu<\/em>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DEAN MILLS RESERVOIR <\/strong>was originally built in the late 18th<\/sup> century by John and Robert Lord to supply water power for their Dean Mills<\/em>.\u00a0 The reservoir is located on the south-western slopes of Winter Hill<\/strong> about 5 kilometres north of Bolton<\/strong> and the mills were located in what became Barrow Bridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The mills were converted to steam power in the 1830s and so the reservoir became redundant.\u00a0 The mills and reservoir took their name from the nearby Dean Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the River Tonge<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DEANS BROOK <\/strong>or DEAN\u2019S BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong> that rises in Dales Brow<\/strong> in south Swinton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It then flows south for about 3 kilometres into Folly Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the first Ordnance Survey maps of the early 1850s but probably means simply \u2018the brook in the valley (Old English denu<\/em>)\u2019.\u00a0 It would seem that the brook gives it name to Deans, a residential area to the south of Swinton.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DEANSGATE<\/strong> is the main shopping and commercial thoroughfare through the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1389 as Denes-gate<\/em> and is said to be Manchester\u2019s oldest street.\u00a0 The second element is Old Norse gata<\/em>, meaning \u2018a road or street\u2019, but the origin of the first element is uncertain.\u00a0 It has been suggested that it is a) named after the lost River Dene; b) the \u2018Danes\u2019 gate\u2019; and c) most likely, named for the dean of an early church in the area.<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

DEARNLEY <\/strong>is a residential area of the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, north-east of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1324 as Dernylegh<\/em>, meaning \u2018hidden or solitary clearing\u2019, from Old English derne<\/em> + l\u0113ah<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a wood, glade, clearing\u2019).\u00a0 It is unclear why the clearing was hidden or solitary.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

DEADWENCLOUGH \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> POLEFIELD<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DEBDALE PARK <\/strong>is an 18-hectare public park in Gorton<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but it is said that the area was originally known as Deepdale<\/em>, from the Old English d\u0113op <\/em>(\u2018deep\u2019) + d<\/em>\u00e6l<\/em> (\u2018dale, valley\u2019), and at some point it was reduced to Debdale<\/em>.\u00a0 The area was originally the estate of a local hatter but was purchased by the local water company in the 1820s for two reservoirs.\u00a0 It was developed as a recreational area and park after World War I.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DELAMERE PARK<\/strong> is a public recreational area in Higher Openshaw <\/strong>in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The park and the surrounding residential area were laid out at the end of the 19th<\/sup> century or beginning of the 20th<\/sup>.\u00a0 The name of the park and adjoining Delamere Street are probably derived from Delamere<\/em> (Old French meaning \u2018of the lake\u2019) Lodge, a country house in Cheshire<\/strong> built in 1784 for the Wilbraham<\/strong> family.\u00a0 In the late 19th<\/sup> century, the names of many streets in Manchester were associated with Wilbraham Egerton (1832-1909), who was, among other things, Chairman of the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> Company.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DELPH<\/strong> is a village in Saddleworth <\/strong>in West Yorkshire<\/strong> administered by the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1544 as Delf<\/em> and the modern spelling is not found until 1817.\u00a0 The name means \u2018the quarry\u2019 and comes from the Old English delf<\/em>, referring to the bakestone quarries north of the village.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

DELPH HILL<\/strong> and DELPH RESERVOIR \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>There are several places called Delph in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, all apparently originally associated with quarrying and derived from the Old English delf<\/em>, meaning \u2018a quarry\u2019, and delvan<\/em>, meaning \u2018to dig\u2019.\u00a0 Delph Hill is located on the southern slopes of Winter Hill <\/strong>on the outskirts of Bolton, west of Doffcocker <\/strong>and probably refers to 19th<\/sup>-century collieries or fireclay quarries in the area.\u00a0 Delph Reservoir lies in the Turton<\/strong> district north-west of Bolton and was completed in 1921 on the site of Delph Hill hamlet, which was purchased by Bolton Corporation in 1907.\u00a0 There were sandstone quarries in the area and the hamlet consisted mostly of miners\u2019 cottages.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DEMMINGS <\/strong>is an area of Cheadle<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> which today gives its name to an industrial estate, a school and at least two roads.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1789 as Damings<\/em> Print Works, which was spelled Demmings<\/em> by the mid-19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name is said to be a rendering of \u2018damming<\/em>\u2019 in reference to the damming of the Micker Brook<\/strong> to form a millpond for the local calico printing, bleach and dye works.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DENSHAW<\/strong> is a village in Saddleworth<\/strong> in West Yorkshire<\/strong> administered from the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> in Greater Manchester.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1635 as Denshaw<\/em>, meaning \u2018the valley copse\u2019, from Old English denu<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse, small wood\u2019), referring to the village\u2019s position close to the source of the River Tame.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

DENTON<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, 8 kilometres east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 It was formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1255 as Denton <\/em>and literally means \u2018valley village\u2019 from Old English denu<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019) + –t<\/em>\u016bn <\/em>(\u2018farmstead, village\u2019), describing its position in the valley of the River Tame<\/strong>. \u00a0It is sometimes said that Denton means \u2018Dane town\u2019, but there seems to be no evidence for this.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DENZELL GARDENS <\/strong>are a 4-hectare public park in Bowdon<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The gardens were originally the grounds of Denzell House, built by cotton magnate Robert Scott (1822-1904) in 1874 and apparently named by his Cornish wife, Maria, after Denzell <\/em>Manor in Cornwall.\u00a0 The name is derived from the Cornish den<\/em>, meaning \u2018castle, fort\u2019, + sel<\/em>, meaning \u2018hill\u2019.\u00a0 The house was sold in 1904 to Samuel Lamb (1847-1936), a shipping merchant and Liberal politician.\u00a0 On his death, the house and grounds were donated to Bowdon Urban District Council.\u00a0 The grounds were opened to the public in 1938, while the house was put to various uses and is currently used as offices.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DEPLEACH HALL <\/strong>is all that remains of a 17th<\/sup>-century tithe barn south of Cheadle<\/strong> town centre in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1366 as Depelache<\/em>, meaning \u2018deep boggy steam\u2019, from the Old English d<\/em>\u0113op<\/em> (\u2018deep\u2019) + laecc<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018stream, bog\u2019), in reference to the nearby Micker Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DE QUINCEY PARK <\/strong>is a small public park south of Sinderland Brook<\/strong> in Timperley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in 1936 by the Mayor of Altrincham<\/strong>, Alfred de Quincey<\/em>, and named after him rather than his famous ancestor, Thomas de Quincey (1785-1859), who was brought up in industrial Manchester and chronicled childhood visits to Altrincham in his Confessions of an Opium Eater<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DERKER<\/strong> is a residential area in the north of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1604 and its origin is unknown.\u00a0 At that time, it was spelled Dirtcar<\/em>, but this is not thought to be related to a small rail wagon for carrying soil or other material, a word that originated in the USA in 1870.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The DEVISDALE<\/strong> is an area of Bowdon<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> with residential development around a public park.\u00a0 The area was originally common land known as Bowdon Downs, but the current name originated from the early 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It is thought to be a corruption of the family name Davis<\/em> + Old English dole<\/em> (\u2018common land shared out among local people\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DERBYSHIRE<\/strong> is a county to the east of Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in the 11th<\/sup> century and is derived from the city of Derby<\/em> (\u2018village where deer are found\u2019) + sc<\/em>\u012br <\/em>(\u2018district\u2019).\u00a0 In 1974 a few places \u2013 Marple Bridge<\/strong>, Strines<\/strong> and Swineshaw<\/strong> \u2013 were transferred from Derbyshire to Greater Manchester.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DERKER<\/strong> is a residential area in the north of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1604 and its origin is unknown.\u00a0 At that time, it was spelled Dirtcar<\/em>, but this is not thought to be related to a small rail wagon for carrying soil or other material, a word that originated in the USA in 1870.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

DICK HILL <\/strong>is a 308-metre hill north of Rough Bank<\/strong> and Higher Ogden<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and the Peak District <\/strong>National Park.\u00a0 The name appears on the first ordnance Survey maps of the area in the 1840s but the origin in unknown.\u00a0 It might come from the Old English d<\/em>\u012bc<\/em>, meaning \u2018embankment\u2019, but it is more likely that it is a forename eponym, named after an unidentified farmer or landowner named Richard<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u201cDICKY BIRD\u201d ESTATE <\/strong>is a residential area in Fern Grove<\/strong> east of Bury<\/strong> that was built in the 1930s.\u00a0 It was given the name because many of the roads have bird names \u2013 Linnet Drive, Chaffinch Drive, etc.\u00a0 \u2018Dicky bird\u2019 has been a colloquial or children\u2019s term for a bird since 1744 and was popularised by the nursery rhyme \u2018Two little dicky birds sat on a wall, One named Peter, one named Paul\u2019.\u00a0 This was originally \u2018There were two blackbirds sat on a hill, One named Peter, one named Gill\u2019, but the wording was changed early in the 19th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DIDSBURY <\/strong>is a suburb of the City of Manchester<\/strong> lying on the north bank of the River Mersey<\/strong> approximately 8 kilometres south of the city centre.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1246 as Dedesbiry<\/em>, meaning \u2018Dyddi\u2019s stronghold\u2019, probably referring to an Anglo-Saxon leader who had a burh<\/em> (\u2018fortified place\u2019) overlooking a ford across the Mersey.\u00a0 Didsbury gives its name to Didsbury, Alberta, Canada.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DIGGLE<\/strong> is a village in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, although in the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the late 12th<\/sup> century as Diggel<\/em> and there are two theories about the derivation.\u00a0 One is that it is from the Old English degle<\/em>, meaning \u2018valley\u2019.\u00a0 The other is that it means \u2018ditch hill\u2019 from Old English d<\/em>\u012bc<\/em> + hyll<\/em>.\u00a0 Diggle lends its name to Diggle Reservoir, which was built in about 1795-1800 to supply water for the Huddersfield Narrow Canal.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DIMPLE<\/strong> is a village in the Ribble valley north of Egerton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is thought to come from Old English dumpel<\/em> or dympel<\/em>, meaning \u2018a pit or a hollow\u2019 and therefore \u2018a pool\u2019.\u00a0 The Old English word gives us modern \u2018dimple\u2019 and \u2018dump\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DIVISION BRIDGE <\/strong>See<\/em> ROYAL GEORGE AQUEDUCT<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DIXON FOLD <\/strong>is a residential area in Clifton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1841, when the Manchester & Bolton Railway opened its Dixon Fold station.\u00a0 The name would seem to be an eponym:\u00a0 Dixon<\/em> may refer to a farming family who were involved in the textile industry in the 18th<\/sup> century; Fold <\/em>is taken from Old English fald<\/em>, \u2018an enclosure for animals or a small group of cottages\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DOBB BROW <\/strong>is a village west of Westhoughton<\/strong> beside Pennington Brook<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is named after John Dobb<\/em>, who obtained the lease for the area in 1777 and let out plots for cottages, many to handloom weavers. \u00a0Brow<\/em> is from Old English bru<\/em> meaning \u2018a steep hill or bank that leads up from a river\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DOBCROSS<\/strong> is one of the villages of Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> that was in the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1662.\u00a0 \u00a0One suggestion is that it is an eponym and that Dob<\/em> is the name of an unknown person.\u00a0 Another is that it means \u2018the place where horses cross\u2019 from dob<\/em>, a now obsolete word meaning \u2018a muddy or stagnant pool, a deep pool in a river\u2019.\u00a0 This might refer to an ancient crossing point over the local River Tame<\/strong> on a packhorse route across the Pennines<\/strong> between Lancashire<\/strong> and Yorkshire<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DOCTOR LANE HEAD<\/strong> is a hamlet at the head <\/em>(i.e. the top) of Doctor Lane north-west of Uppermill<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Doctor Lane takes its name from Dr<\/em> George Byrom (1589-1656), a member of the Byrom family of Salford<\/strong> after whom several streets in Salford and Manchester<\/strong> are named.\u00a0 Byrom was a doctor of divinity and the rector of Thornton-le-Moors in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 He purchased land in the area in 1639 and later moved there after falling foul of the puritan authorities because of his support for the royalists during the civil war.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DODGE HILL <\/strong>is an area west of Lancashire Hill <\/strong>in Stockport<\/strong> named after the Dodge <\/em>family, 17 of whom were mayors of the town between 1433 and 1812.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 15th<\/sup> century, when William Doggerson held land in Stockport.\u00a0 Two Dodge brothers emigrated to America in 1629 and it is often said that Dodge City in Kansas and the Dodge Motor Cars company were founded by their descendants or relatives, but there is little hard evidence that either of these claims is true.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DOFFCOCKER<\/strong> is a residential and recreational area in north-west Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1874, when Doffcocker Lodge was built as a reservoir for local mills.\u00a0 There are two theories about the origin of the name.\u00a0 One is that it means \u2018dark winding stream\u2019, from the Celtic dubh<\/em> (\u2018dark, black\u2019) + cocr<\/em> (\u2018winding stream\u2019).\u00a0 More fancifully, it may recall a Scotsman who had to doff<\/em> (\u2018remove\u2019) his cockers<\/em> (Scottish and Lancashire<\/strong> word for \u2018stockings\u2019 or \u2018boots\u2019) in order to cross the stream that flowed into Doffcocker Lodge.\u00a0 Doffcocker Lodge was created as a nature reserve in 1992.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

DOG KENNEL BROOK \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> MAINE ROAD<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DOG POOL BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong> that rises south-east of Hindley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and flows south-west to join Borsdane Brook<\/strong>, which ultimately empties into Glaze Brook.\u00a0 The name does not appear on maps until the Ordnance Survey of the 1890s and the origin is uncertain \u2013 perhaps it rises in a pool that was known locally as Dog Pool<\/em> and this name was applied to the stream.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DOLEFIELD<\/strong> today is a street in the Spinningfields<\/strong> area of the City of Manchester<\/strong> close to the River Irwell<\/strong>, but in the past it was an area in itself and was originally proposed as the terminus of the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The place is not well documented before 1777 and means \u2018a field in an area of common land\u2019, from the Old English dole<\/em> (\u2018common land shared out among local people\u2019) + feld<\/em> (\u2018open space, field\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River DOUGLAS<\/strong> rises on Winter Hill<\/strong>, joins the River Yarrow<\/strong> and meanders to meet the River Ribble.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1220 as the Douglis<\/em> and takes its name from the Celtic Dubo-glais<\/em>, meaning \u2018black or dark stream\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DOUGLAS GREEN<\/strong> is a former industrial area of Pendleton<\/strong> where William Douglas<\/em> (1745-1810) established one of the first, if not the first, and largest cotton mill in Salford<\/strong> in 1781-1782.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DOVE BANK <\/strong>is a residential area north-west of Little Lever<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>, beside Blackshaw Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the River Croal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears on the Bury tithe map of about 1845 as a field or property name.\u00a0 It is likely that the name means \u2018the slope or hill (Middle English banke<\/em>) where doves (Old English d<\/em>\u016bfe<\/em>) are found or kept\u2019, and local records confirm that dovecotes were used in the area in the 16th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DOVER <\/strong>is a hamlet south of Abram<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the completion of the Leigh<\/strong> branch of the Leeds & Liverpool Canal, which was completed in December 1820, when a flight of four locks was built at Dover.\u00a0 The name is thought to be unrelated to Dover in Kent and to be derived from the Celtic dubr<\/em>, meaning \u2018water\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DOVE STONE <\/strong>or DOVESTONE RESERVOIR <\/strong>lies above the village of Greenfield<\/strong> and west of Dove Stone Moss on Saddleworth<\/strong> Moor in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The reservoir was completed in 1968 but takes its name from a local landmark, Dove Stone<\/em>, which is recorded in 1771.\u00a0 The stone acquired its name from its shape, which was originally similar to a dove, but years of erosion have flattened the top and it is now sometimes referred to as \u201cDuck Stone\u201d.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DOWRY WATER <\/strong>and DOWRY RESERVOIR\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>Dowry Water or Dowry Brook is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong>, which originates from the waters emerging from Dowry and New Year\u2019s Bridge<\/strong> reservoirs east of Denshaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Dowry reservoir was built in 1876-83 but it is evident that the name of Dowry<\/em> is much older.\u00a0 Its origin and meaning are unclear and undocumented \u2013 Dowry Green is recorded in 1724 and Dowry Castle was built in 1867.\u00a0 It is usually said that the name refers of a piece of endowed<\/em> land, although this meaning is not given in the Oxford English Dictionary<\/em>, rather than the marriage dowry of anyone in particular.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DRINKWATER PARK<\/strong> is a 62-hectare park on the River Irwell<\/strong> in Prestwich<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally a country estate dating back to 1389 and was purchased in 1788 by Peter Drinkwater <\/em>(1742-1801), a cotton manufacturer and textile merchant of Northwich.\u00a0 The estate became known as Drinkwater Park and was sold to Salford<\/strong> and Prestwich councils in 1902 for a smallpox isolation hospital.\u00a0 The hospital was closed in 1943 and the land was eventually converted into a public park, which is now administered by the Forestry Commission.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DROYLSDEN<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> on the River Tame<\/strong>, about 6.5 kilometres east of Manchester <\/strong>city centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in about 1250 as Drilisden<\/em> and the modern spelling is found from 1619-1620.\u00a0 It may mean \u2018valley of the dry stream or stream\u2019, from Old English dr\u04efge<\/em> (\u2018dry, dried up\u2019) + welles<\/em> (\u2018stream, well\u2019) + –denu <\/em>(\u2018valley\u2019) but it has also been suggested that it could mean \u2018Drygel\u2019s<\/em> valley\u2019 from an Anglo-Saxon personal name.\u00a0 Old English dr\u04efgel<\/em> means \u2018a small person of dried-up appearance\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DRY BROOK <\/strong>and DRY CLOUGH<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0Dry Brook is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises on Broadstone<\/strong> Moss in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows north through Dry Clough to meet South Brook<\/strong>, which then flows north -west into Diggle <\/strong>Brook, which joins the Tame near Diggle.\u00a0 The names are not well documented but are probably literal \u2013 \u2018dry stream\u2019 and \u2018dry valley\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DUCIE BRIDGE\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>There are two bridges in central Manchester<\/strong> called Ducie Bridge:\u00a0 Ducie road bridge over the River Irk <\/strong>built in 1814-16 and a railway bridge over Great Ducie Street built by the Liverpool & Manchester Railway in 1842 as it extended its line to Victoria Station<\/strong>.\u00a0 Both are named after the Ducie<\/em> family of landowners who inherited Strangeways<\/strong> Hall in the early 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Apart from owning land, the family seem to have had little to do with Manchester, although the 3rd<\/sup> Baron Ducie (1739-1808) was an MP for Lancaster in 1784-1785.\u00a0 The family name originated in the 13th<\/sup> century as an Anglicised version of the Gaelic O\u2019Dubhghusa, a personal name meaning \u2018black vigour\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DUKINFIELD<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, although included in Cheshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 It lies on the south bank of the River Tame<\/strong>, east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name was recorded in the 12th<\/sup> century as Dokenfeld<\/em>, meaning \u2019field of ducks\u2019, from Old English d<\/em>\u016bcena<\/em> (\u2018of ducks\u2019) + feld<\/em> (\u2018open space, field\u2019).\u00a0 Presumably the ducks were on the River Tame but they could also refer to domesticated ducks.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DUMPLINGTON <\/strong>is a locality in Urmston <\/strong>in the City of Salford<\/strong>, about 9 kilometres south-west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1229 as Dumplinton<\/em> and its modern spelling is found from 1623.\u00a0 The meaning is usually given as \u2018the village or enclosure by a pool\u2019, from the Old English dympel-<\/em> (\u2018a dip, pool\u2019) + -ing-<\/em> (\u2018associated with\u2019) + –t<\/em>\u016bn <\/em>(\u2018enclosure, village\u2019).\u00a0 An alternative is that it means \u2018the village or enclosure of the followers of Dumola<\/em>\u2019, from the personal name + -inga<\/em>– (\u2018followers of, named after\u2019) + –t<\/em>\u016bn.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DUNHAM MASSEY<\/strong> is a 17th-century stately home and 120-hectare estate with deer and other wildlife such as herons.\u00a0 It is located on the River Bollin<\/strong> south-west of Altrincham<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The nearby village of Dunham<\/em> is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Doneham<\/em> and means \u2018homestead on a hill\u2019 from the Old English d<\/em>\u016bn-,<\/em> \u2018hill\u2019 + –h<\/em>\u0101m<\/em>, \u2018village, homestead\u2019, probably referring to what is now the village of Dunham Town.\u00a0 Massey<\/em> was added as the name of the Anglo-Norman de Masci barons and is first recorded in 1362.\u00a0 The Massey line died out in the 14th<\/sup> century but the house remained in private ownership until 1976, when it was left to the National Trust.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DUNHAM NEW PARK <\/strong>is a 14.6-hectare park owned by the National Trust as part of the Dunham Massey<\/strong> estate south-west of Altrincham<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The original park was part of the Dunham estate mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) but in 1765 the Earl and Countess of Stamford created the New Park.\u00a0 It was used as an American army camp and, later, a prisoner-of-war camp during World War II and was left to the National Trust in 1976.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DUNHAM TOWN\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> DUNHAM MASSEY<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DUNHAM WOODHOUSES <\/strong>is a village north of the Dunham Massey<\/strong> estate in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford <\/strong>and it is likely that it was originally a settlement of estate workers\u2019 cottages.\u00a0 Dunham <\/em>means \u2018homestead on a hill\u2019 from the Old English d<\/em>\u016bn-,<\/em> \u2018hill\u2019 + –h<\/em>\u0101m<\/em>, \u2018village, homestead\u2019.\u00a0 Woodhouses<\/em> is recorded as Wodehouse<\/em> in 1522 and means \u2018houses in a wood\u2019 from Old English wudu<\/em> + h<\/em>\u016bs<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DUNISHBOOTH BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Spodden<\/strong> that rises north of Catley Lane Head<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1180 and means \u2018the small or temporary hut (Old Norse b<\/em>\u014dth<\/em>\/Middle English bothe<\/em>) belonging to (Old English -ing<\/em>) Dunning<\/em> (Anglo-Saxon personal name)\u2019.\u00a0 Today there are still farms at Higher and Lower Dunishbooth.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DUNSCAR <\/strong>is an area close to Egerton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, that was formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is also the site of Dunscar Wood.\u00a0 The name was first recorded in the 12th<\/sup> century as Dungecarre <\/em>and means \u2018dung marsh\u2019 from the Old English dynge<\/em> (\u2018dung\u2019) + carr<\/em> (\u2018swamp\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DUNWOOD PARK <\/strong>is a 12-hectare public park in Crompton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The land was donated to Crompton council by Captain Abram Crompton, a local landowner, in 1911 and the park was opened in 1912.\u00a0 At the time the land was described as \u2018a high hill, wooded in parts\u2019, which fits its Old English derivation \u2013 d<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019) + wudu<\/em> (\u2018wood, forest\u2019).\u00a0 In 1926 a fountain was erected in the park \u2018as a mark of appreciation of the self-sacrifice and devotion of women of Crompton during the Great War\u2019.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DURN <\/strong>is a village north east of Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> located beside a road leading up to Blackstone Edge<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the late 18th century, when Durn Lock and Durn Bridge on the Rochdale Canal were built.\u00a0 It is probably derived from Old English derne<\/em> or dierne<\/em>, meaning \u2018hidden\u2019 because it was covered with vegetation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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E<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EAGLEY<\/strong> is a village in Turton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded only as Eagley Bridge<\/em> until the early 19th<\/sup> century, but the stream was harnessed to power cotton mills from 1796.\u00a0 The owners built a model village named simply Eagley for the workers.\u00a0 The mills were closed in the 1970s but have been converted into a residential complex.\u00a0 The name may derive from the Old English \u0101c<\/em>, meaning \u2018oak\u2019 + l\u0113ah<\/em>, \u2018woodland clearing\u2019.\u00a0 Given its position on Eagley Brook, a tributary of the River Tonge<\/strong>, it is perhaps more likely that it comes from Old English \u0113a<\/em>, meaning \u2018river\u2019, + l\u0113ah<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EALEES<\/strong> is a rural area south-east of Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 Ealees Hall is recorded in 1561 and the name means \u2018clearings beside a brook or river\u2019, from the Old English \u0113a<\/em> (\u2018river\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (woodland clearing\u2019).\u00a0 The reference is to Hollingworth <\/strong>Brook, which flows down the Ealees Valley, merges with Ealees Brook and flows into the River Roch<\/strong> at Littleborough.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EASTLANDS<\/strong> is a regenerated area 1.5 kilometres east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre that was formerly known as Bradford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The Eastlands name seems to have been first used in the early 1990s when, following the closure of Bradford colliery in 1969, the area was transformed for the hosting of the 2002 Commonwealth Games.\u00a0 The centrepiece was the stadium that is now known as the Etihad Stadium.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EASTWOOD NATURE RESERVE <\/strong>is a 4.7-hectare woodland area in Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside <\/strong>administered by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds.\u00a0 It takes its name from Eastwood<\/em> House, the home of John Cheetham (1835-1916), a local cotton manufacturer.\u00a0 He bequeathed Eastwood and neighbouring Cheetham Park<\/strong> to the people of Stalybridge.\u00a0 Eastwood Nature Reserve was opened to the public in 1931.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EATOCK LODGE <\/strong>is a 1.21–<\/strong>hectare nature reserve in Westhoughton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was designated as a local nature reserve in 2004 and occupies part of the site of Eatock<\/em> Colliery, which opened in 1890 but was shut down in 1936.\u00a0 The colliery was built on and took its name from Eatock Farm, which is recorded in 1739 as probably belonging in John Eatock.\u00a0 The origin of the family name Eatock<\/em> is uncertain but it has been suggested that it may be Old English \u0113ast<\/em> (\u2018east\u2019) + stoc<\/em> (\u2018outlying settlement or farmstead\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ECCLES<\/strong> is a town in the City of Salford<\/strong>, approximately 6.5 kilometres west of the centre of Manchester<\/strong>, previously in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in about 1200 as Eccles<\/em> and is thought to be derived from the ancient British word ecl\u0113s<\/em> or egl\u0113s<\/em>, meaning \u2018a church\u2019, which may be related to the Latin ecclesia<\/em> and the Greek ekklesia<\/em>.\u00a0 Both mean \u2018gathering\u2019 and hence came to be related to ecclesiastical gatherings.\u00a0 However, there is no record of a church in the area before the 13th<\/sup> century, and it has been suggested that the Anglo-Saxons, who invaded the area in the early 7th<\/sup> century, understood the concept of the church and perpetuated the name, despite not being Christians.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ECKERSLEY MILL <\/strong>is a retail centre in Wigan<\/strong> that is being developed as part of the Wigan Pier<\/strong> conservation area.\u00a0 It takes its name from Eckersley Mills<\/em>, a complex of cotton mills built between 1883 and 1920 for Nathaniel ffarington Eckersley<\/em> and Co..\u00a0 Many of the buildings were demolished in the 1960s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The EDGE<\/strong> is a suburban area of Hollinwood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but would seem to refer to its position on the edge <\/em>(i.e. the border) between Chadderton<\/strong> and Oldham.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1713, when land ownership disputes were settled and this area of moorland was awarded to Oldham.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EDGELEY <\/strong>is a district in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1287 as Edisheleg <\/em>and is derived from the Old English edisc<\/em>, meaning \u2018enclosure\u2019 and + l\u0113ah, <\/em>\u2018wood clearing\u2019.\u00a0 Edgeley Park Stadium was built in 1891 for Stockport Rugby Club but since 1903 it has been the home of Stockport County Football Club.\u00a0 Edgeley<\/em> gives its name to Edgeley, North Dakota, USA.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EGERTON<\/strong> is a commuter village about 5 kilometres north of Bolton<\/strong> town centre in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton.\u00a0 It was originally known as Walmsley after the family that owned the land.\u00a0 In 1663 the step-daughter of James Walmsley married Ralph Egerton<\/em> and the area was then given his family name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ELIZABETH GASKELL HOUSE <\/strong>is a museum on Plymouth Grove in the Chorlton-on-Medlock <\/strong>area of the City of Manchester <\/strong>dedicated to the life and work of the Victorian novelist, Elizabeth Gaskell<\/em> (1810-1865).\u00a0 The house was built in 1835-1841 and Elizabeth Gaskell lived there from 1850 to 1865.\u00a0 It was auctioned off in 1913 on the death of Elizabth Gaskell\u2019s daughter, Margaret Emily \u201cMeta\u201d Gaskell.\u00a0 It was purchased by the University of Manchester in 1969 and used for the university\u2019s International Society until 2000, when it was acquired by the Manchester Historic Buildings Trust as a museum to commemorate Elizabeth Gaskell.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ELK MILL <\/strong>today is a shopping centre in Royton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built on the site of Elk Mill, the last cotton mill built in Lancashire or what is now Greater Manchester<\/strong>, which was completed in 1926.\u00a0\u00a0 It was built by the Shiloh Spinning Company, which was formed in 1874 and took its name from Shiloh in Tennessee in the USA, from where the first shipment of raw cotton to Lancashire had come in the late 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The company named their Royton mill after the Elk <\/em>River in Tennessee.\u00a0 Elk Mill was closed in 1998 and demolished.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ELLENBROOK<\/strong> is a suburb of Worsley<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>, about 11 kilometres west of Manchester <\/strong>city centre.\u00a0 Ellenbrook is first recorded in 1544 as Elynbroke<\/em> and is named after the nearby Ellen Brook, <\/em>a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong>. \u00a0Broke<\/em> clearly means \u2018brook, stream\u2019 but sources often state that the first element is unknown.\u00a0 However, it has been suggested that it is the Old English ellern<\/em> (\u2018elder tree\u2019) or elri<\/em> (\u2018alder tree\u2019), describing the vegetation along the banks.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ELLESMERE PARK <\/strong>is a residential area of Eccles<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It dates from the late 19th<\/sup> and early 20th centuries, when fields were laid out for spacious housing.\u00a0 The name is taken from the owner of the land, Francis Charles Egerton<\/strong>, 3rd<\/sup> Earl of Ellesmere <\/em>(1847\u20131914).\u00a0 The family took their title from Ellesmere<\/em> in Shropshire, an eponym that dates from 1172 and means \u2018Elli\u2019s lake\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ELLENOR BROOK <\/strong>is a short tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong> that flows south through Astley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It then becomes Town<\/strong> Brook and ultimately joins the River Glaze<\/strong> near Lately Common in Warrington.\u00a0 It would seem to take its name from a field, farm or local landowner named Ellenor<\/em> and there are references to Eleano<\/em>r, Elennor <\/em>and Elanor<\/em> in the area in the 17th<\/sup>-19th<\/sup> centuries. There are records of an Eleanor<\/em> Tyldesley (n\u00e9e Holcroft), whose family were landowners in the area in the 17th century, but there is no evidence that the brook was named after her.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ELTON<\/strong> is a suburb of Bury<\/strong> that lies on the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1246 as Elleton<\/em> and is said to mean \u2018Ella<\/em>\u2019s village or farmstead\u2019, from an Anglo-Saxon personal name + -t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>. \u00a0The settlement gives its name to Elton Brook, a tributary of the Irwell, and to Lowercroft Reservoir, which was built in the mid-19th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ENGINE FOLD <\/strong>is a residential area of Walkden<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is derived from fold<\/em> – originally a small homestead established near a coal mine – + engine<\/em>, as the site was originally an industrial works depot set up in 1878 to provide maintenance services for the engines and equipment of the collieries and railways of the Bridgewater<\/strong> Trustees.\u00a0 The facility was closed in 1986 and the area converted into a residential estate.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ERNOCROFT<\/strong> is a rural area of Compstall<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, and Ernocroft Wood forms part of Etherow Country Park<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1226 as Arnwicroft<\/em> and with its modern spelling in 1767.\u00a0 This is said to be an eponym derived from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Earnw\u012bg <\/em>+ croft<\/em> (\u2018small enclosed field\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ETCHELLS <\/strong>is a historical area of north-east Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1154 as Hecheles<\/em> and with its modern spelling from 1302.\u00a0 It is derived from the Old English \u0113cels<\/em>, meaning \u2018addition\u2019, in the sense that this was land added to another place. From 1860 it was divided between Stockport <\/strong>Etchells and Northen<\/strong> (or Northern) Etchells, meaning land attached to Northenden<\/strong>.\u00a0 In 1931, Northen Etchells, including Brownsley Green<\/strong>, Crossacres<\/strong>, Heyhead<\/strong>, Moss Nook<\/strong>, Poundswick<\/strong>, Royal Thorn<\/strong> and Sharston<\/strong>, became part of Wythenshawe <\/strong>and transferred from Cheshire to Manchester<\/strong>. \u00a0\u00a0Stockport Etchells became what are now Gatley <\/strong>and Heald Green<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River ETHEROW <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Goyt<\/strong> that rises on Pikenaze Moor in the Derbyshire Peak District<\/strong> and flows through Longdendale<\/strong> to meet the Goyt north of Marple<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1226 as Ederhou<\/em>, the name of a hill, meaning \u2018stream hill-spur\u2019, from \u0113dre<\/em> (\u2018stream\u2019) + h<\/em>\u014dh<\/em> (\u2018hill-spur, slightly higher piece of ground\u2019). \u00a0Etherow <\/em>is found with its modern spelling from 1767.\u00a0 The river gives its name to the 80-hectare Etherow Country Park in the Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, which was opened in 1968 as one of England\u2019s first country parks.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ETHROP GREEN <\/strong>was a farm and hamlet in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford <\/strong>close to Manchester International Airport.\u00a0 <\/strong>It is recorded in 1535 as Athrop<\/em>, from Old English throp<\/em> or Old Norse thorp<\/em>, both meaning \u2018outlying farm\u2019.\u00a0 However, the name was given as Aplethropp<\/em> in 1558, suggesting it could mean \u2018apple farm\u2019, from Old English \u00e6ppel<\/em>.\u00a0 The farm was demolished when the airport was extended in 1989.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ETIHAD STADIUM <\/strong>was built as the City of Manchester<\/strong> Stadium for the 2002 Commonwealth Games in the area now known as Eastlands <\/strong>(formerly Bradford<\/strong>).\u00a0 In 2003, Manchester City Football Club moved to the stadium from their Maine Road<\/strong> ground and in 2011 a sponsorship agreement with Etihad <\/em>(Arabic for \u2018union, unity\u2019) Airways led to a change of name for the stadium.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EXCHANGE <\/strong>was the Manchester<\/strong> trading centre for the exchange <\/em>of cotton and other commodities.\u00a0 The first was built in 1727 and rebuilt in 1806-1809.\u00a0 This was enlarged in 1847-1849 and its name was changed to the Royal Exchange<\/em> after a visit by Queen Victoria<\/strong> in 1851.\u00a0 The third Exchange was completed in 1874.\u00a0 It was vast and lavishly decorated but was finally closed in 1968 with the decline of Manchester\u2019s cotton industry and was converted into the Royal Exchange Theatre.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EXCHANGE STATION <\/strong>was opened by the London & North Western Railway on 30 June 1884 and was closed by British Railways on 5 May 1969.\u00a0 It took its name from the nearby Manchester Cotton Exchange<\/em>. \u00a0It is now a covered car park named Deansgate<\/strong> North.<\/p>\n

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EYE PLATT BRIDGE <\/strong>and EYE PLATT NEW BRIDGE <\/strong>are road bridges south of Stretford<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford <\/strong>carrying the Chester Road over Kickety Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the River Mersey.<\/strong>\u00a0 Eye Platt Bridge was built in 1577 and replaced an earlier wooden bridge.\u00a0 Eye Platt New Bridge was built in 1932.\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The name means \u2018plot (Old English plat<\/em>) of land in a dry patch of marshy ground (eye<\/em>)\u2019. \u00a0Eye<\/em> is a dialect form of Old English \u0113g<\/em>, meaning \u2018island or piece of dry woodland\u2019.\u00a0 The usual dialect form in the Greater Manchester area is ees<\/em>, but eye<\/em> is also found further west in the Mersey valley near Warrington.<\/p>\n

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F<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FAILSWORTH<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>approximately 6.5 kilometres north-east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1212 as Fayleswrthe<\/em> as is thought to possibly mean \u2018fenced enclosure\u2019 from Old English fegels<\/em>\u00a0(possibly \u2018a hurdle, a fence\u2019) + –worth<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019), or, alternatively, to be an eponym from an Anglo-Saxon personal name Fegel<\/em> or F<\/em>\u00e6gel<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FAIRBOTTOM <\/strong>is or was a hamlet in Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, close to the border with Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Fairbottom Farm is thought to date from the late 17th<\/sup> century and Fairbottom Colliery was probably opened in the early 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The colliery was drained by an early Newcomen steam engine, which is believed to have been installed in about 1765 but which may have been obtained second-hand from Norbury <\/strong>colliery.\u00a0 The colliery lent its name to the Fairbottom Branch Canal, a short branch of the Hollinwood<\/strong> Branch Canal, opened in 1797 to transport coal.\u00a0 The canal was closed in 1932 but parts can still be seen in Daisy Nook<\/strong> Country Park.\u00a0 The steam engine was purchased by Henry Ford and taken to his museum in Dearborn in Michigan in 1929.\u00a0 The meaning of Fairbottom seems quite literal:\u00a0 it overlooks the \u2018fair<\/em> or beautiful valley bottom<\/em>\u2019 of the River Medlock<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FAIRFIELD<\/strong> is a suburb of Droylsden<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> that was part of Lancashire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 Although there are other places in Britain with this name, Fairfield<\/em> in Tameside dates only from October 1783, when Moravian refugees established a church and 22-hectare settlement with the aspirational name of Fairfield<\/em>.\u00a0 The area originally overlooked a field<\/em>, which may have been literally fair<\/em> because of a crop of wheat, lilies or cloth that was being bleached.\u00a0 However, the origin may be Biblical:\u00a0 \u2018the kingdom of heaven is like unto treasure hid in a field; the which when a man hath found, he hideth, and for joy thereof goeth and selleth all that he hath, and buyeth that field\u2019 <\/em>(Matthew 13:44).\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>Similarly, a Moravian member, John Lees from Clarksfield<\/strong>, sold two of his coal mines in Oldham<\/strong> for \u00a36000 to pay for the building of the village.\u00a0 The parable may have inspired the choice of name in religious settlements elsewhere, such as Fairfield<\/em> in Connecticut, which was established by Puritan colonists in 1639.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FAIRYWELL BROOK<\/strong> is a 6-kilometre stream that rises north of Manchester International Airport<\/strong> and flows north-west to meet Baguley<\/strong> Brook in Timperley<\/strong> to form Sinderland<\/strong> Brook, a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0 Traditionally, it formed part of the boundary between Cheshire <\/strong>and the City of Manchester<\/strong> and today it marks part of the boundary between the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> and the City of Manchester.\u00a0 The name appears on the 1842 Ordnance Survey map and its meaning is thought to be quite literal \u2013 \u2018the stream where fairies are found\u2019.\u00a0 There are a number of places across England with \u2018fairy\u2019 as the first element but most are considered to reflect a wish to be romantic rather than any supernatural belief.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FALINGE<\/strong> is a location in Rochdale<\/strong> on the River Spodden<\/strong> that also gives its name to Falinge Park.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1323 as Falynge<\/em>, meaning \u2018fallow land\u2019, from the Old English f<\/em>\u00e6lging<\/em>, meaning \u2018fallow land\u2019 or \u2018newly-ploughed land\u2019.\u00a0 Falinge Park was opened in 1906.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FALLOWFIELD<\/strong> is a suburb of Manchester<\/strong> some 5 kilometres south of the city centre.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1317 as Fallafeld<\/em> and is said to mean either literally \u2018fallow field\u2019 from the Old English faelh<\/em> (\u2018fallow or newly-ploughed land that has not been planted\u2019) or \u2018fallow-coloured field\u2019 from fealu <\/em>(\u2018pale brown, yellowish\u2019) + –feld.<\/em><\/p>\n

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FARNWORTH<\/strong> is a town on the River Irwell <\/strong>and River Croal<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, 3.2 kilometres south-east of Bolton itself and 13 kilometres north-west of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1185 as Farnewurd<\/em> but the modern spelling is found from 1278.\u00a0 The name means \u2018fern enclosure\u2019 from Old English fearn<\/em> (\u2018fern\u2019) + worth<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018enclosure\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FAR WAIN STONES\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>WAIN STONES<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FEATHERBED MOSS<\/strong> is an upland area of the Peak District <\/strong>National Park in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded on the Ordnance Survey map of 1843 and it is usually said that it refers to the softness of the swampy (Old English mos<\/em>, \u2018swamp, bog\u2019) ground and white colour of the vegetation, which recalled those of a feather bed<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FEATHERSTALL <\/strong>is a locality in Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> that takes its name from Featherstall Brook<\/em>, a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented and there is little agreement as to its origin or meaning.\u00a0 One suggestion is that it could mean \u2018place of feathers\u2019 from Old English fether<\/em>, another that it is an Old Norse personal name, and another that it could be Old English fodor<\/em> (\u2018fodder, cattle feed\u2019) + -stall<\/em> (\u2018stable, cattle stall\u2019).\u00a0 However, there is little evidence for any of these suggestions and none is thought particularly likely.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FENNY HILL <\/strong>is a suburb of Oldham<\/strong>, south-east of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1827 as a hamlet and in 1829 and 1832 as the site of collieries.\u00a0 Legend has it that it was originally named \u2018Fanny Hill\u2019 after a local woman named Frances<\/em> Rogers, but it is more likely that the origin is more literal \u2013 \u2018the hill beside or above a fen or marsh\u2019 from Old English fennig<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FERN BANK <\/strong>is a residential area on the south-eastern edge of Stalybridge <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area was first developed in the early 1890s with large villas by a local builder, William Storrs (1828-94), who named the estate Fern Bank after the house on Mottram<\/strong> Road in which he had lived since at least 1881.\u00a0 The name would mean \u2018the fern<\/em>-covered bank<\/em> or hill\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FERNGROVE <\/strong>is a residential area of Bury<\/strong> popularly known as the Dicky Bird Estate<\/strong>.\u00a0 The estate was built in the 1930s but the name \u2013 in the 19th<\/sup> century spelt both Fern Grove<\/em> and Ferngrove<\/em> \u2013 is recorded in baptismal records in 1830.\u00a0 The name means \u2018the small wood (Old English gr<\/em>\u0101f<\/em>) where ferns (fearn<\/em>) grow\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FERNHILL <\/strong>or FERN HILL <\/strong>is an area of northern Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are many places named Fern Hill or Fernhill in England, all meaning \u2018fern-covered hill\u2019 from the Old English fearn<\/em> + hyll<\/em>.\u00a0 Fern Hill in Bury is recorded in 1851.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The FESTIVAL THEATRE <\/strong>in Hyde<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> was originally built in 1903 as the Queen Alexandra Picture House, named after Queen Alexandra, the wife of the reigning king, Edward VII, and one of the earliest purpose-built cinemas in England.\u00a0 (The word cinema<\/em> in the sense of \u2018a building for showing films\u2019 was not coined until 1911.)\u00a0 In 1951-53 it was rebuilt as the Festival Theatre, taking its name from the Festival<\/em> of Britain, a nationwide celebration of the centenary of the Great Exhibition of 1851 and of Britain\u2019s post-war industrial and artistic revival.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FIRGROVE <\/strong>is a residential area and business park in Milnrow<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is relatively recent and seems to derive from Firgrove Mill<\/em>, which was built in 1870-73.\u00a0 Firgrove Bridge over the Rochdale Canal was built by 1804 and was originally called Wallhead Bridge but was renamed by the time it was rebuilt in 1906.\u00a0 The origin of Firgrove is not documented but it is a common name across England and is usually literal \u2013 in or by a grove<\/em> of fir trees<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FIRSWOOD<\/strong> is a residential area of Stretford <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded on Ordnance Survey maps at the beginning of the 19th<\/sup> century and would seem to take its name from Fir Farm.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FIRWOOD FOLD <\/strong>is a hamlet on Bradshaw Brook<\/strong> 3.25 kilometres north-east of Bolton<\/strong> town centre.\u00a0 The earliest houses, including the birthplace of Samuel Crompton in 1753, date from the 16th<\/sup> century and are said to be the oldest inhabited houses in Bolton.\u00a0 The origin of the name appears to be undocumented but is probably from the Old English fyre<\/em> (\u2018fir\u2019) or fierel<\/em> (\u2018place where oak trees grow\u2019) + wudu<\/em> (\u2018wood\u2019) + fald<\/em> (\u2018enclosure for animals, farmstead\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FIRWOOD PARK<\/strong> is a residential area of Chadderton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name seems to originate in 1844, when James Cheetham built Firwood Mill<\/em> beside the Rochdale<\/strong> Canal, but may have been the name of the area at an earlier date which had taken its name from the local vegetation.\u00a0 In 1990 the area was developed into a large housing estate which perpetuated the name of Firwood.\u00a0 Firwood Mill was demolished in 1960.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FISHPOOL<\/strong>\u00a0is an area of\u00a0the Metropolitan Borough of Bury <\/strong>south of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1843 as an agricultural area and was adopted for the residential district that developed in the late 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name may refer to a local fish pond (one of the few place names referencing fish in Greater Manchester<\/strong>) or to a landowner or farmer by the name of Fishpool<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FITTON HILL<\/strong> is a residential area of Oldham<\/strong>, about 3 kilometres south of the town centre.\u00a0 The area was developed for residential purposes in the 1950s and 1960s on the land of Fitton Hill<\/em> Farm, which had been occupied by the Fitton family since the early 17th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The FLASHES OF WIGAN AND LEIGH <\/strong>is an 800-hectare nature reserve in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan <\/strong>composed of a chain of 8 sites, including Abram Flash<\/strong>, Amberswood<\/strong>, Bickershaw<\/strong> country park, Lightshaw Meadows<\/strong>, Pennington Flash<\/strong> country park, Three Sisters<\/strong>, Wigan<\/strong> Flashes<\/strong> and Viridor Wood<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the towns of Wigan<\/em> and Leigh<\/em> + flash<\/em>, meaning a lake formed by the subsidence of disused mine workings.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FLETCHER BANK <\/strong>is a residential area in Ramsbottom<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> on the east bank of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the early 19th<\/sup> century in reference to fields, a small settlement, quarries and even a type of sandstone used in building.\u00a0 It is thought to be an eponym derived from a family named Fletcher<\/em>, who are known to have lived in the area from the 17th<\/sup> and 18th<\/sup> centuries.\u00a0 Bank<\/em> here means \u2018slope, hillside\u2019 along the valley rather than the actual bank of the Irwell.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FLETCHER FOLD <\/strong>is a residential area south of Bury <\/strong>and east of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1716 as the location of Fletcher Fold House<\/em>, a property built for the Earl of Derby and probably means \u2018the animal enclosure (Old English fald<\/em>) belonging to someone called Fletcher<\/em>\u2019.\u00a0 The Fletchers seem to have been a prominent local family and a nearby estate at Hollins<\/strong> was leased to a Jacob Fletcher in 1756.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FLETCHER MOSS PARK<\/strong> is a 36-hectare botanical garden in Didsbury <\/strong>in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is named after Fletcher Moss<\/em> (1865-1919), the son of a wealthy corn merchant, who purchased the area in 1912 and donated it to the City of Manchester in 1915.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FLETCHER\u2019S CANAL <\/strong>was a 2.4-kilometre canal between the Wet Earth<\/strong> colliery and the Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 1790-1800 by Matthew Fletcher<\/em> (1731\/33-1808), a local mining engineer.\u00a0 The canal was closed in 1952 but parts of the original towpath remain in Clifton<\/strong> Country Park.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FLIXTON<\/strong> is a town in the Borough of Trafford<\/strong>, about 10 kilometres south-west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is an Old Norse-Old English hybrid, first recorded in 1177 with its modern spelling (although it was also recorded with other spellings) and meaning \u2018Flik<\/em>\u2019s village or estate\u2019, from the Norse personal name Flik<\/em> or Flikke<\/em> + Old English -t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>, suggesting Danish settlement in the area at an earlier period.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FLOW MOSS <\/strong>was an area or hamlet on Chat Moss<\/strong> south of Astley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The Liverpool & Manchester Railway opened a station with this name in 1830 but it was closed in 1842.\u00a0 The company opened another station named Flow Moss Cottage in about 1844 but this was later renamed Astley.\u00a0 The name seems to be a reduplication of Old Norse fl<\/em>\u00f3i<\/em>, meaning \u2018marsh\u2019, + Old English mos<\/em>, also meaning \u2018marsh\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FLOWERY FIELD <\/strong>is an area of Hyde<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is aspirational and is first recorded in 1845.\u00a0 It is said to have been chosen by factory owner Thomas Ashton (1808-75), who provided good working and housing conditions for his employees.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FOGGBROOK\u00a0<\/strong>is an area of Offerton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is only recorded in 1849 when it referred to a village and a bridge over Poise Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the River Goyt<\/strong>, but must date from mediaeval times as the suggested meaning is \u2018grassy stream\u2019, from Old English fogga-<\/em> (\u2018long grass left standing in winter\u2019) + br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em> (\u2018stream\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FOG LANE PARK <\/strong>is a 19-hectare public park in East Didsbury.\u00a0 <\/strong>The land was purchased by the local authority in 1926 and the park takes its name from Yorkshire Fog<\/em>, a strain of grass that grows in the area.\u00a0 The name of the grass is first recorded in 1874 and is said to come from its appearance, which resembles that of the smoke billowing from the chimneys of Yorkshire factories.\u00a0 However, this may be folk etymology – fogga<\/em> is an Old English word meaning \u2018grass\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FOLLY BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises in Monton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong> and flows about 9 kilometres north-east to join Worlsey<\/strong> Brook, which eventually joins the Irwell.\u00a0 The origin of the name is not well documented but is it likely that it comes from folly<\/em>, an obsolete or dialect word meaning \u2018clump of trees on a hill or in open ground\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FORDOE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong> that rises on Knowl Moor<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and flows south-east into Greenbooth Reservoir.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name is undated and undocumented, but Fordol <\/em>and Foredole<\/em> are found elsewhere in West Yorkshire<\/strong>, dating from the 14th<\/sup> and 15th<\/sup> centuries.\u00a0 The name in these cases probably means \u2018a field in front of (Old English fore<\/em>) a share of land (d<\/em>\u0101l<\/em>)\u2019, but this meaning and derivation cannot be confirmed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FOUR GATES <\/strong>or FOURGATES <\/strong>is a hamlet north-west of Westhoughton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is situated at the junction of four<\/em> \u2018gates<\/em>\u2019 (i.e. roads, from the Old Norse gata<\/em>) \u2013 Dicconson Lane to Aspull<\/strong>, Chorley Road, Manchester <\/strong>Road and Lostock<\/strong> Road.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1691, when the Fourgates Inn or Hotel was opened.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FOUR LANE ENDS <\/strong>is a hamlet north-west of Tottington<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the four lanes<\/em> that form the crossroads at the centre of the hamlet – Harwood<\/strong> Road and Bradshaw <\/strong>Road.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1800, when Four Lane End colliery was sunk.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FOX PLATT <\/strong>is a residential area on the south-east edge of Mossley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Fox Platt Farm<\/em>, which was purchased in 1925 in order to build a housing estate under the \u2018Homes for Heroes\u2019 scheme funded by the government after World War I.\u00a0 The farm had belonged to John Platt<\/em> (1857-1918), a local landowner, although it is unclear why it was named \u2018Fox<\/em> Platt\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FRED PERRY WALK <\/strong>is a 23-kilometre is a walking path spanning the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> from Reddish<\/strong> in the north to Woodford<\/strong> in the south.\u00a0 The path passes through Houldsworth Model Village <\/strong>and mill, the source of the River Mersey<\/strong> at the confluence of the Tame <\/strong>and the Goyt<\/strong>, Vernon Park<\/strong>, Woodbank Memorial Park<\/strong> and King George\u2019s Field<\/strong>, and Happy Valley<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is named to commemorate Fred Perry (1909-95), who was born in Portwood<\/strong> and won the men\u2019s tennis singles title at Wimbledon in 1934, 1935 and 1936.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FREEHOLD\u00a0<\/strong>is a residential area in Werneth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name dates from the 1860s when John Platt<\/strong>, the mayor of Oldham and the owner of Platt textile machinery factory, purchased some freehold<\/em> land and built houses for the company\u2019s employees which enabled them to vote under the franchise laws of the time.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FREETOWN<\/strong> is a suburb of Bury <\/strong>that was previously known as Chesham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name dates from the 1820s, when one Thomas Greenhalgh bought some land that included Chesham Mill and renamed it Freetown Mill because it was outside the parish boundaries and therefore free<\/em> from tithes.\u00a0 The mill was demolished late in the 20th<\/sup> century and the land is now occupied by Freetown Business Park.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FREE TRADE HALL <\/strong>was a concert hall in central Manchester<\/strong> close to St Peter\u2019s Square<\/strong> built in 1853-1856 on the site of the Peterloo massacre.\u00a0 The Manchester historian A J P Taylor described it as the only building in the world named after an idea \u2013 that there should be free trade between nations without restrictions on imports or exports.\u00a0 It was built on land donated by Richard Cobden (1804-1865), a leader of the Free Trade movement, to commemorate the repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846 \u2013 one of the central demands of the movement.\u00a0 The Free Trade Hall was badly damaged in the Manchester blitz of December 1940, rebuilt after the war, closed in 1997 and again rebuilt as a hotel, retaining the original fa\u00e7ade.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FRENCHES<\/strong> is an area of Greenfield<\/strong> south of Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It includes Frenches Wharf Marina, a waterside facility opened in 2013 as part of the restored Huddersfield Narrow Canal.\u00a0 The area is recorded in 1673 as Frenches<\/em> Farm, thought to be named from the nickname (Frenchy<\/em>) of Thomas Marralew, one of the French Huguenot Mallalieu family that had settled in Saddleworth in the 16th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Frenches Fulling Mill was built in 1715 or 1719, and Frenches Wharf dates from the construction of the Huddersfield Narrow Canal in 1794-1811.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FRIARMERE <\/strong>or FRIAR MERE <\/strong>is the former name of a hamlet in Delph<\/strong> in Saddleworth <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>now known as Heights<\/strong>.\u00a0 A church was built in 1765 on a hillside overlooking Delph but the name is recorded in 1468 as Friar Mere<\/em> from Old English frere<\/em> (\u2018friar\u2019) + m\u01e3re<\/em> (\u2018boundary\u2019), probably referring to an outlying house belonging to the Black Friars from Roche Abbey in Rotherham that is said to have been built in Delph.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FRIEZLAND<\/strong> is a village south-west of Greenfield<\/strong> in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, about 6.5 kilometres east of the town of Oldham and part of the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Freesland <\/em>in 1765 and with its modern spelling in 1783.\u00a0 It clearly relates to the northern Dutch province of Friesland<\/em> but the nature of this relationship is uncertain and three different suggestions have been put forward.\u00a0 The first suggests that it is derived from Fresa<\/em>, a Frisian<\/em> descended from one of the original tribes who invaded England along with the Angles, Saxons and Jutes in the 5th<\/sup> and 6th<\/sup> centuries.\u00a0 The second is that it was applied to an area of Greenfield in the early 19th<\/sup> century because many Dutch or Frisian<\/em> immigrants had come to work at the Royal George Mills, but this is later than the first record of \u2018Friezland\u2019.\u00a0 The third and perhaps the most likely possibility is that the name comes from Friezland<\/em> or Dutch Oats, which were introduced into Yorkshire in about 1740 and became popular with upland farmers because of their good yield.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FRODSHAM\u2019S BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Douglas<\/strong> which rises south of Standish<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, then flows through Frodsham\u2019s Wood and the Standish Park estate and joins the Douglas at Crooke<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is little documented and any link with Frodsham<\/strong> in Cheshire is unclear.\u00a0 The name of the Cheshire market town is probably derived from the personal name Frod <\/em>or perhaps from a ford<\/em> across the River Weaver, but historians of the town state that it is the only place named Frodsham in England and make no mention of Frodsham\u2019s Brook.\u00a0 However, it seems likely that there was a connection:\u00a0 Ralph de Standish (1418-34) owned estates in both Cheshire and Lancashire and a later member of the family, Bishop Henry Standish (c.1475-1535), left \u00a320 in his will for the construction of a bridge to \u2018keep the way clear\u2019 between Frodsham and his home in Standish.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FULLWOOD <\/strong>is a rural area on the eastern edge of Shaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 The name is little documented but there are several places called Fullwood or Fulwood in England, all probably meaning \u2018rotten or foul<\/em>-smelling wood<\/em>, usually in a marshy area\u2019, from Old English f<\/em>\u016bl <\/em>+ wudu<\/em>.\u00a0 Fullwood gives its name to Fullwood Brook, a tributary of the River Beal<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FUR LANE <\/strong>or FURLANE <\/strong>is a residential area of Greenfield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Fur Lane farmhouse and cottage are said to date back to 1645 and are found beside an old packhorse route across the moors to the east.\u00a0 The name in all probability means \u2018boundary road\u2019, deriving from the Middle English marfur<\/em>, \u2018a boundary furrow\u2019, and lane<\/em>.\u00a0 The village itself lies on the boundary of Saddleworth<\/strong> parish.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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G<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GALE<\/strong> is a village north of Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1225 as Gail<\/em>, from the Old Norse geil<\/em>, meaning \u2018a ravine\u2019, referring to its position in the valley of the River Roch<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GALLIPOLI GARDENS<\/strong> is a 0.07-hectare public park and war memorial in Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The memorial commemorating those killed in the First World War was originally erected in 1922 at the Wellington<\/strong> Barracks in Bury but, following the closure of the barracks, was moved in 2009 to Sparrow Park in central Bury.\u00a0 The park was renamed Gallipoli Gardens in memory of the heavy losses incurred by the Lancashire Fusiliers during the Gallipoli<\/em> campaign of 1915-1916.\u00a0 Gallipoli<\/em> in Turkey is derived from the Greek Kallipolis<\/em>, meaning \u2018beautiful town\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GARDEN SUBURB\u00a0<\/strong>is a residential area of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, approximately 3 kilometres south of the town centre.\u00a0 The area was built in 1909 as an experimental development with low-density housing, tree-lined roads and public gardens, all inspired by the \u2018garden city\u2019 movement of Ebenezer Howard (1850-1928).\u00a0 It was named after Hampstead Garden Suburb<\/em>, which had been built in north London in 1907.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GARRET <\/strong>or GARRATT <\/strong>was an inner-city area of Manchester<\/strong> beside the River Medlock<\/strong>.\u00a0 According to Elizabeth<\/strong> Gaskell<\/strong>, \u2018It derives its former name from an old black and white hall of the time of Richard III.\u2019\u00a0 Garret<\/em> Hall had tall towers or turrets that gave it its name, from the Middle English garret<\/em> meaning \u2018watch tower\u2019, as it overlooked and perhaps defended the confluence of the Medlock and Shooters Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 The last parts of the hall were not demolished until 1910 but much of the area was industrialised by the end of the 18th<\/sup> century and Garret Mill, believed to have been built in about 1760, is said to have been the first water-powered cotton mill in Manchester.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GARRICK THEATRE, Stockport\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> STOCKPORT GARRICK THEATRE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GATHURST <\/strong>is a village in Shevington<\/strong>, west of Wigan<\/strong> on the north bank of the River Douglas<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1547 as Gateshurst<\/em>.\u00a0 This is usually said to mean \u2018wooded hill of the goats\u2019 from Old English g<\/em>\u0101t<\/em> + hyrst<\/em>, but it has also been suggested it could mean \u2018gate or pass by the wooded hill\u2019, from Old English geat<\/em> + hyrst<\/em> because of its position beside the River Douglas.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GATLEY <\/strong>is a suburb of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, 5 kilometres north-east of Manchester Airport<\/strong>. The name is recorded in 1290 as Gateclyve<\/em>, meaning \u2018a cliff or bank where goats are kept\u2019, from Old English g<\/em>\u0101ta <\/em>+ clife<\/em>.\u00a0 The current spelling is found from 1602. It was formerly part of Cheshire<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GAYTHORN<\/strong> is an inner-city area of the City of Manchester<\/strong>, south of the city centre.\u00a0 Its origin is obscure but it is known that the Gaythorn Tunnel, which carries the Rochdale Canal beneath Deansgate<\/strong>, dates from 1794, and the Gaythorn Gas Works were built in the area in 1825 and operated for over 100 years.\u00a0 The Gaythorn<\/em> family website suggests that the name may be a corruption of Heythorn<\/em>, which itself is a corruption of Hawthorn<\/em>, from the Old English haga<\/em> + thorn<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u2018GAY VILLAGE\u2019 <\/strong>is an area of central Manchester <\/strong>\u2018with a significant gay population and a high concentration of businesses catering primarily to this community\u2019 (Oxford English Dictionary<\/em>).\u00a0 The first recorded use of the term is from 1975, referring to Coconut Grove, Miami.\u00a0 It seems to have been used in Manchester from the early 1990s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GEE CROSS<\/strong> is a village or suburb of Hyde<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> that was formerly part of Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is said that the village centre dates back to the 11th<\/sup> century, although it is not mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086.\u00a0 The name first appears as Gee Crose<\/em> in 1629 and takes its name from a cross erected by the Gee family, who lived in the area as far back as 1494.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GIANT\u2019S SEAT <\/strong>is a wooded hill near Ringley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, overlooking the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 Although thought to be the site of a prehistoric hill fort, the name is not recorded until the building of the Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal in 1791-1808, when two locks were called Giant\u2019s Seat and the lock-keeper\u2019s cottage was named Giant\u2019s Seat House.\u00a0 <\/strong>It is likely that the name is taken from a local legend but I have been unable to trace any account of this.\u00a0 Since 1954 the hill has been a Scout camp site.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GIBRALTAR WORKS NATURE RESERVE <\/strong>is a 7.8-hectare wooded area alongside the River Tame<\/strong> in Denton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Gibraltar<\/em> Mill, which was built on the east bank of the Tame near Haughton<\/strong> in about 1790 and named to commemorate the British victory over the French and Spanish at the siege of Gibraltar<\/em> of 1779-83.\u00a0 Gibraltar itself is named from the Arabic Jabal T<\/em>\u0101riq<\/em>, \u2018the mountain of Tarik\u2019, the Moorish general T\u0101riq ibn Ziy\u0101d, who crossed the strait from North Africa to capture the Rock in 711.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GIDLOW <\/strong>is a residential area north of Wigan<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is an eponym recorded in 1246 as Guddelawe<\/em>, meaning \u2018Gidda\u2019s hill\u2019 from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019).\u00a0 There is also evidence that it is named after the Gyudelowe<\/em> or Goodlaw<\/em> family from nearby Aspull<\/strong>, who are known to have lived in the area in the 13th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GIGG<\/strong> is a suburban area in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> that is home to Gigg Lane, Bury Football Club\u2019s ground, originally built in 1885.\u00a0 The name Gigg<\/em> comes from gigge<\/em>, a hole in the ground with a fire used for drying flax in the linen-making process.\u00a0 Flax growing and linen making were common in Lancashire<\/strong> and are commemorated by Flax Moss near Haslingden and Gigg Road in Thelwall near Warrington.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GIGG BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Etherow<\/strong> that flows through the Compstall <\/strong>area of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> to meet the Etherow near Compstall Bridge.\u00a0 The name is documented only from 1927 and the origin is uncertain:\u00a0 it may come from gigge<\/em>, a hole in the ground with a fire used for drying flax in the linen-making process, and this suggestion is supported by the fact that the area was known for flax cultivation before the importing of cheap cotton in the 18th<\/sup> and 19th<\/sup> centuries.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GILDA BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong> that runs from north to south through Eccles<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century as le Guldenaleford<\/em>.\u00a0 The derivation is uncertain but it may come from Old English gylden<\/em> (\u2018covered with golden flowers such as marigolds\u2019) + –halh<\/em> (\u2018nook or corner of land\u2019).\u00a0 Today the stream is mostly culverted but its name is retained in Gilda Brook Road in Eccles and nearby Hope <\/strong>(meaning \u2018remote valley\u2019) probably refers to Gilda Brook.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GILLBENT <\/strong>is a residential area of Cheadle<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1661 as Gilbent<\/em> but the origin is uncertain.\u00a0 It has been suggested that it may be Old English cild<\/em> (\u2018child, young person\u2019) + beonet<\/em> (‘bent-grass’) indicating that this was a grassy area (i.e. a common) belonging to or frequented by young people.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GILNOW <\/strong>is a residential area to the west of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the 18th<\/sup> century, when it was generally spelled Gilnough<\/em>.\u00a0 Its origin is usually said to be unknown, but it has been suggested that the first element may be from the Old Norse gil<\/em>, meaning \u2018valley, ravine\u2019, in reference to Gilnow Brook, a tributary of the nearby River Croal<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GIN PIT <\/strong>is a village near Astley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> which takes its name from the Gin Pit Colliery<\/em> in the Lancashire<\/strong> coalfield.\u00a0 The colliery began production in the 1840s and the village developed a few decades later.\u00a0 Gin <\/em>is short for engine<\/em> and describes the horse-powered winding gear in use in many British coalfields since the 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The first houses in the village were built in 1881.\u00a0 The colliery closed in 1958.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GLAZE BROOK\u00a0<\/strong>or RIVER GLAZE <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises south-east of Leigh<\/strong> as Glaze Brook and flows 35 kilometres into the Mersey and the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> at Cadishead <\/strong>as the River Glaze \u2013 the name changes at Lately Common in Warrington.\u00a0 For much of its length it forms the boundary between Greater Manchester<\/strong> and Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in about 1195 as Glasebroc<\/em> and gives its name to the village of Glazebrook in Cheshire.\u00a0 The name means \u2018grey-green stream\u2019, and probably derives from the Celtic glas<\/em>, meaning \u2018grey-green or blue\u2019 + Old English br\u014dc <\/em>(\u2018stream\u2019).\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GLODWICK<\/strong>\u00a0is a residential area of Oldham<\/strong> to the south-east of the town centre.\u00a0 It is first recorded in the 1190s as Glodic<\/em> and the derivation is uncertain.\u00a0 Its meaning may involve reduplication \u2013 the first element may be related to the Celtic clawdd<\/em>, meaning \u2018ditch\u2019, and the second element may be the Old English dic<\/em>, also meaning \u2018ditch or dyke\u2019.\u00a0 This sometimes happened when the second element is added at a later date to explain the meaning of the first element.\u00a0 Glodwick is close to an old Roman road and the ditch may be a fosse beside the road.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GMEX <\/strong>or the G<\/em>reater M<\/em>anchester Ex<\/em>hibition Centre is an exhibition, concert and conference centre in central Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It started life as Manchester Central terminus, which was built by the Midland Railway and Cheshire Lines Committee in 1880 with the second largest span of any railway station in Britain.\u00a0 It closed in May 1969 and was converted into GMEX, which opened in 1982.\u00a0 Since 2007 it has been known simply as Manchester Central.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GOATS <\/strong>is a residential area in the north of Shaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> on the River Beal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The origin and date of the name seem to be undocumented, but it does not appear before 1859, when Goats Mill in Woodend<\/strong> was built.\u00a0 There are several places in Greater Manchester<\/strong> that are derived from \u2018goat\u2019 (Gathurst<\/strong>, Gatley<\/strong>) and it is possible that the name refers to the keeping of goats<\/em> in the area, but a more likely suggestion is that it is derived from Old English gota<\/em>, meaning \u2018stream\u2019, referring to the confluence of Pencil Brook<\/strong> and Old Brook with the Beal in the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GODLEY <\/strong>is a suburb of Hyde<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1211 as Godel<\/em> and Godeleigh<\/em>, and with its modern spelling in 1364.\u00a0 It is an eponym derived from the Anglo-Saxon personal name G\u014dda<\/em> and Old English –l\u0113ah<\/em>, meaning \u2018woodland clearing, pasture\u2019.\u00a0 Godley lends its name to Godley Brook and Godley reservoir, completed in 1851 to supply water to Manchester<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GOLBORNE<\/strong> is a town in the Borough of Wigan,<\/strong> 22.5 kilometres west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1187 as Goldeburn<\/em>, meaning \u2018stream where marsh-marigolds grow\u2019, from Old English golde <\/em>(\u2018marsh marigold\u2019) + burna<\/em> (\u2018stream\u2019).\u00a0 The town now stands on Millingford Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the Mersey<\/strong>, and it is assumed that the name changed to Golborne at some point.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GOLLINROD <\/strong>is a hamlet near Walmersley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury <\/strong>that gives its name to Gollinrod Wood and Gollinrod Gorge.\u00a0 The River Irwell<\/strong> flows through Gollinrod Gorge as far as Brooksbottoms<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the mid-13th<\/sup> century, when Nicholas of the Golynrode<\/em> was given an estate in the area.\u00a0 It is thought that the name is an eponym meaning \u2018Gollin\u2019s clearing\u2019, from an Anglo-Saxon personal name + Old English rod<\/em> (\u2018clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GOOSE GREEN, Altrincham, <\/strong>is a former hamlet in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>, approximately 13 kilometres south-west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1799 and is assumed to mean \u2018village green where geese were grazed\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GOOSE GREEN, Wigan,<\/strong> is a residential area south-west of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is assumed to have once been a village green where people grazed their geese.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GORE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the Mersey<\/strong> that rises in Droylsden<\/strong> and flows west to Gorton<\/strong> Reservoir and Platt<\/strong> Fields Park<\/strong>, where it becomes Chorlton<\/strong> Brook, which then joins the Mersey close to Sale Water Park<\/strong>.\u00a0 Gore Brook gives its name to Gorton<\/strong>.\u00a0 In 1971, Manchester City Council approved an outline planning strategy for Gorton to develop the Gore Brook<\/strong> Valley Park into a conservation area linking Sunny Brow Park in the west with Debdale Park<\/strong> in the east, along the line of the Gore Brook. This was finally designated on 22 December 1993.\u00a0 The name was recorded in about 1250 as Gorbroke<\/em>, from the Old English gor<\/em>, meaning \u2018dirt or mud\u2019, + br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em>, meaning \u2018stream\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GORSE HILL <\/strong>is a residential area of Stretford<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name originates from Gorse Hill Farm<\/em>, which was built in the 18th<\/sup> century and presumably named because of the local vegetation.\u00a0 The farm was purchased in 1934 to make way for residential development and was demolished in 1937.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GORSEY BANK <\/strong>today is an industrial and recreational area west of Stockport<\/strong> on the south bank<\/em> of the Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1844, when it was the site of cotton mills powered by the river.\u00a0 These had been demolished by 1935, when the large Gorsey Bank housing estate was built.\u00a0 This was cleared in the mid-1990s and the Aurora business park was established on the site from 2007.\u00a0 The name means \u2018river bank where gorse grows\u2019, from the Old English gorst<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GORTON<\/strong> is a suburb of Manchester<\/strong>, south-east of the city centre.\u00a0 It takes its name from Gore <\/em>Brook<\/strong>, meaning \u2018dirty stream\u2019, which flows through the area.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1282 as Gorton<\/em>, from the Old English gor<\/em>, meaning \u2018dirt or mud\u2019, + t\u016bn<\/em>, meaning \u2018settlement or farmstead\u2019.\u00a0 Gor<\/em> can also mean \u2018gore, clotted blood\u2019, and this has led to an alternative suggestion that it means \u2018Gore Town\u2019 from a bloody battle between the Saxons and the Danes, but this can be dismissed as folk etymology.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GOSHEN <\/strong>is a residential and recreational area south of Bury<\/strong> in a bend in the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as a croft in 1586 and is taken from the Bible, where Goshen<\/em> is a region of Egypt described as the \u2018best part of the land\u2019 (Genesis 47:6) where there was \u2018no hail\u2019 (Exodus 9:26).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GOWER HEY BROOK <\/strong>is a left tributary of the River Tame<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises north-west of Gee Cross<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> and then flows north-west through Gower Hey Woods to empty into the Tame east of Haughton Green<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Goer Hey<\/em> in 1720, but Gore Hey<\/em> in 1831, Gower Hay<\/em> in 1889 and Gower Hey<\/em> in 1917.\u00a0 The name means \u2018woodland enclosure by or at a gore\u2019, from the old English g<\/em>\u0101ra <\/em>(\u2018piece of higher ground in a valley\u2019) + h<\/em>\u00e6g<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River GOYT<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong> which rises on the moors west of Buxton in Derbyshire<\/strong> and flows north-west to join the River Tame<\/strong> at Stockport<\/strong> to form the Mersey.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1208 as the Guit<\/em> and comes from the Celtic gwyth<\/em> or, more likely, Old English g<\/em>\u04efte<\/em> or gota<\/em> meaning \u2018channel\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The GRACIE FIELDS THEATRE <\/strong>is an entertainment venue near Oulder Hill<\/strong> in Greave<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was named after and opened in 1978 by Dame Gracie Fields <\/em>(1898-1979), the singer, actress and comedian born in Rochdale in 1898.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GRAINS BAR<\/strong> is a residential area north-east of Shaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name means \u2018toll gate on the road to\/from Grains\u2019, which is or was a village east of Diggle<\/strong>.\u00a0 Grains<\/em> is derived from the Old English grein<\/em>, meaning \u2018a river fork or confluence\u2019.\u00a0 The turnpike to\/from Grains was built at the end of the 18th<\/sup> century but the name Grains Bar can be dated to the 17th<\/sup> century and refers to a toll bar<\/em> erected on the road at the border between Lancashire <\/strong>and the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GRANGE <\/strong>is a moorland hamlet in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, north east of Oldham itself.\u00a0 A grange<\/em> was an outlying farm belonging to a monastery, from the Old French graunge<\/em>, originally meaning \u2018granary\u2019.\u00a0 The present hamlet was originally recorded in 1452 as Castleshaw<\/strong> Grange.\u00a0 Like Friarmere<\/strong>, it was linked to Roche Abbey near Rotherham in South Yorkshire<\/strong> until the dissolution of the monasteries in 1538.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GRASSCROFT<\/strong> is a village in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> that was part of the West Riding of<\/strong> Yorkshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1728 with its current spelling and means simply \u2018grass field\u2019 from modern English grass<\/em> + croft<\/em> (\u2018small field\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GRAVEL HOLE <\/strong>is an area of Thornham <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are several places called Gravel Hole or Gravelhole across Britain and all derive their names from gravel<\/em> pits or quarries that were once found there.\u00a0 Most date from the 19th<\/sup> century and Gravel Hole in Oldham is first recorded on the early Ordnance Survey maps of 1840-1845.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREAT BOLTON\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>BOLTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREAT GRUFF <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises on Sail Bark Moss<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>and flows south-east to meet Rimmon Pit Brook<\/strong>, which then joins Greenfield<\/strong> Brook.\u00a0 The name derives from the Old Norse grof<\/em>, meaning \u2018stream; hollow or pit made by a stream\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREAT HORROCKS<\/strong> See<\/em> HORROCKS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREAT HOWARTH <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> HOWARTH CROSS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREAT LEVER <\/strong>is part of the area named Lever<\/em> which consists of several settlements \u2013 Darcy<\/strong> Lever,<\/strong> Great Lever, Lever Edge<\/strong> and Little Lever<\/strong> \u2013 south of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name Lever<\/em> is recorded in 1212 as Lefre<\/em>, from the Old English lefer<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018rush, reed\u2019), so that the entire area would mean \u2018where the rushes or reeds grow\u2019 on the banks of the Irwell<\/strong> and Croal<\/strong>.\u00a0 Great Lever is a suburb of Bolton, lying about 4 kilometres south of Bolton town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in Latin as Magna Leure<\/em> in 1285 and in English as Great Leure<\/em> in 1326.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREAT MOOR <\/strong>is a suburb of Stockport<\/strong>, which was formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 As far back as 1348, this area of southern Stockport was referred to as del Mor<\/em>, from the Old English mor<\/em>, meaning \u2018a marsh or barren upland\u2019.\u00a0 By the 19th<\/sup> century it was divided into Great Moor and Little Moor.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREATER MANCHESTER<\/strong> was formed as a county on 1 April 1974 from parts of south-east Lancashire<\/strong>, north-east Cheshire,<\/strong> and a few parts of Derbyshire<\/strong> and the West Riding of<\/strong> Yorkshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Prior to 1974, governance of the area was divided between the four counties but there had long been demands for a unified authority to coordinate political and social affairs.\u00a0 The term Greater Manchester<\/em> was invented in April 1935 by the Manchester Evening Chronicle<\/em>.\u00a0 Under the headline \u2018Greater Manchester \u2013 The Ratepayers\u2019 Solution\u2019, it noted the \u2018increasing demands for the exploration of the possibilities of a greater merger of\u00a0public services<\/a>\u00a0throughout Manchester and the surrounding municipalities\u2019.\u00a0 It took until 1974 for Greater Manchester to be formed into a county with ten metropolitan boroughs \u2013 Bolton<\/strong>, Bury<\/strong>, Manchester<\/strong>, Oldham<\/strong>, Rochdale<\/strong>, Salford<\/strong>, Stockport<\/strong>, Tameside<\/strong>, Trafford<\/strong> and Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 Eight of these names – Bolton<\/strong><\/a>,\u00a0<\/strong>Bury<\/strong><\/a>,\u00a0Manchester, <\/strong>Oldham<\/strong><\/a>,\u00a0<\/strong>Rochdale<\/strong><\/a>,\u00a0Salford, <\/strong>Stockport<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0<\/strong>and\u00a0<\/strong>Wigan<\/strong><\/a> \u2013 were taken from the largest towns in the new boroughs, but Trafford<\/strong> was selected because of its sporting venues and historical associations, and Tameside<\/strong> was a newly-invented name taken from the River Tame<\/strong> that flows through the borough.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREAT WHINNING GULF <\/strong>and LITTLE WHINNING GULF<\/strong> are feeder streams rising in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flowing south-west to form Culvert Clough<\/strong>, which feeds Rooden Reservoir<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The names are shown on Ordnance Survey maps of the 1880s and 1890s and both mean \u2018the gorse-covered (Middle English whinny<\/em>) ravine (Middle English gulf<\/em>, from French golfe<\/em>)\u2018.\u00a0 Although this meaning of gulf<\/em> is recorded from about 1400 in the Oxford English Dictionary<\/em>, it is extremely rare in place names and this use in Oldham is not found in academic studies of the place names of the counties of north-west England.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREAVE<\/strong> is an area of Spotland<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It would seem that it takes its name from the Greave<\/em> family, who are recorded as owning land in the area, beginning with Ottiwell Greave, who purchased a \u2018messuage\u2019 in 1569.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREAVEFOLD <\/strong>is a residential area north-east of Romiley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The village is thought to have been originally built in the mid-18th<\/sup> century and the name is recorded in 1777.\u00a0 The name means the \u2018grove in a fold\u2019, from Old English gr<\/em>\u01e3fe<\/em> or gr<\/em>\u0101f <\/em>+ fald<\/em>, suggesting an enclosure for animals or people from the surrounding Pennine<\/strong> moors.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREENACRES, GREENACRES HILL <\/strong>and GREENACRES MOOR <\/strong>are all residential areas in north Oldham<\/strong>, about 11.25 kilometres north-east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The names are not well documented before 1620, when a stone cross was noted on the edge of Greenacres Moor.\u00a0 The name literally means \u2018green fields\u2019, from the Old English grene<\/em> + aecer\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018plot of cultivated land; measure of land which a yoke of oxen could plough in a day\u2019).<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

GREENBOOTH RESERVOIR <\/strong>is a large reservoir north of Heywood <\/strong>and south of the Naden<\/strong> Reservoirs in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>supplying water to Rochdale.<\/strong>\u00a0 It was completed in 1963 and involved the submerging of the village of Green<\/em> Booth<\/em>, which was established in the 1840s, when a weaving mill was built there, perhaps on the site of an old corn mill.\u00a0 The name comes from the Old English gr<\/em>\u0113ne<\/em> + Old Norse b\u016bth<\/em>, meaning \u2018a small or temporary shelter\u2019.\u00a0 The \u2018booths\u2019 may have provided shelter for those looking after cattle.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREEN END <\/strong>is a residential area of Burnage<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The place appears as a rural hamlet on the boundary between Burnage and Heaton Mersey<\/strong> in 1819 but its earlier history is not well documented.\u00a0 In 1923 Manchester City Council purchased 31.6 hectares of land in Burnage and subsequently built several estates on this land, including 354 houses on Green End Estate.\u00a0 The two elements \u2013 green<\/em> and end<\/em> \u2013 are clear enough but their combined meaning is uncertain.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREENFIELD <\/strong>is a small residential area north-east of Mossley<\/strong> on the edge of Saddleworth<\/strong> Moor in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It shares its name with Greenfield Brook, which meets Chew Brook<\/strong> above the village of Greenfield and then flows into the River Tame<\/strong>, and with Greenfield Reservoir, which was built in the early 1870s. The name is recorded in 1323 as Grenefeld<\/em> and literally means \u2018green field\u2019, or \u2018green open land\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREENGATE\u00a0<\/strong>is an inner-city suburb in the east of the City of Salford<\/strong> that is often said to be the heart or core of the city.\u00a0 Salford received its Borough Charter in 1230 and was at that time formed around three streets, one of which was Greengate, although it is not clear when the term came into use as early records call it Back Salford.\u00a0 The name evidently dates from mediaeval times as its name comes from the Old English grene<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a grassy spot, a village green\u2019) + Old Norse gata<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a road, a street\u2019), and would therefore mean \u2018the street by or leading to the green\u2019.\u00a0 Henry III gave Salford the right to hold a weekly market and an annual fair in 1228 and it is believed that these were held on a rectangular green on Greengate.\u00a0 In 1845 Engels suggested that the lanes of Greengate \u2018have certainly never been cleansed since they were built\u2019.\u00a0 The area is currently undergoing major regeneration.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREEN GRAIN <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises on the moor of the Peak District <\/strong>National Park in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>and flows north-west into Chew Reservoir, which then joins the Tame at Greenfield<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is little documented and probably means \u2018green<\/em> or grassy river fork\u2019 from Old English grein<\/em>, referring to the numerous tributaries of Chew Brook <\/strong>in this area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREENHEYS <\/strong>is an area south of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 It was formerly a residential area but it is now largely occupied by the Manchester Science Park.\u00a0 It takes its name from Greenheys<\/em>, a house built it 1791 by Thomas Quincey, father of the famous Manchester author, Thomas de Quincey (1785-1859).\u00a0 The house was originally named \u2018Greenhay Hall\u2019 by Mary Quincy to reflect its rural surroundings at the end of the 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Elizabeth Gaskell opened her 1848 novel \u2018Mary Barton\u2019 by contrasting rural Green Heys Fields with the \u2018bustling manufacturing town\u2019 of Manchester:\u00a0 \u2018Here in their seasons may be seen the country business of haymaking, ploughing, etc., which are such pleasant mysteries for townspeople to watch: and here the artisan, deafened with noise of tongues and engines, may come to listen awhile to the delicious sounds of rural life: the lowing of cattle, the milkmaid’s call, the clatter and cackle of poultry in the farmyards\u2019.\u00a0 The Quincy house was demolished in 1852 and the area deteriorated until it was cleared in the 1960s and 1970s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREEN HILL <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Green Hill is a common place name in England and it clearly derived from being on or nearby a green hill.\u00a0 Green Hill in Wigan<\/strong> is a small residential area 2.3 kilometres north of the town centre.\u00a0 It dates from the mid-19th<\/sup> century when there were just a few cottages on a green hill, one of them named Green Hill Cottage<\/em>.\u00a0 The current urban development, which takes its name from the area surrounding the cottage, mainly dates from the 1930s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREENLOW CROSS,<\/strong> GREENLOW MARSH<\/strong> and GREENLOW HEATH<\/strong> were all at one time part of land named simply as Greenlow or Grindlelow in an area south and east of Manchester<\/strong> in what are now Chorlton-on-Medlock<\/strong> and Gorton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name seems to date from the early 14th<\/sup> century but was divided in 1609 into Greenlow Heath in what is now Chorlton-on-Medlock and Greenlow Marsh or Cross in Gorton.\u00a0 The name simply means \u2018green hill\u2019 from Old English gr\u0113ne<\/em> + hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em>.\u00a0 The alternative spelling, Grindlelow, seems to be merely a corruption of Greenlow.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREENMOUNT <\/strong>is a village in Tottington<\/strong> in the north of the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is modern, dating from 1843, and is a re-spelling of Green Mount<\/em>, which is thought to be a rationalisation of the older Greenhalgh<\/em>.\u00a0 Greenhalgh<\/em> gets a passing mention in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Greneholf<\/em>, meaning \u2018green hollow\u2019, from Old English grene\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018a grassy spot\u2019) + holh<\/em> (\u2018hollow\u2019).\u00a0 The area was also formerly known as Nailer\u2019s Green.\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREENSIDE <\/strong>is a residential and recreational area west of Droylsden<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is found as field names on maps of the 1830s, with Far Greenside, Near Greenside, Greenside Hey, Greenside Croft and Greenside Field all labelled along Greenside Lane.\u00a0 The name is fairly literal:\u00a0 the green<\/em> or grassy hillside<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREENVALE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong> that rises in the Littleborough<\/strong> area of the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 Its course and name are not well documented.\u00a0 It is unnamed on early Ordnance Survey maps but Green Vale Mill appears by 1891 and Greenvale Business Park dates from the late 1990s or early 2000s.\u00a0 The name seems to be descriptive \u2013 \u2018the stream in the green valley\u2019<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GRINDLOW MARSH\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>LONGSIGHT<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GRISTLEHURST<\/strong> is an area and a forest in Heywood<\/strong> on the River Roch<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1336 as Gristelyhyrst<\/em> but Grislehurst<\/em> in some 19th<\/sup>-century accounts.\u00a0 The meaning is unclear.\u00a0 Old English hyrst<\/em> means \u2018a wooded hill\u2019 and Old English gristle<\/em> meant the same as modern English \u2018gristle\u2019, but why this was appropriate for the name of the settlement is uncertain.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GROSVENOR SQUARE<\/strong>, also known as All Saints Park<\/strong>, is a public garden in Chorlton-on-Medlock<\/strong>, south of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 Grosvenor Square and Grosvenor Street were laid out in about 1794 and named after Grosvenor Square<\/em> in London as part of the gentrification process of the area, in which fashionable and aristocratic names were given to new streets.\u00a0 Grosvenor Street in London was developed in 1725-31 by Sir Richard Grosvenor <\/em>(1689-1732), whose family name comes from the French meaning \u2018large or fat hunter\u2019.\u00a0 All Saints Church was built beside Grosvenor Square in 1820 and the churchyard and cemetery occupied much of Grosvenor Square until the 1930s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GROTTON <\/strong>is a suburb of Oldham<\/strong> to the east of Oldham town itself. The name can be traced back at least as far as the 15th<\/sup> century and means \u2018gravelly place\u2019, from Old English groten<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018sandy or gravelly soil\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GUIDE BRIDGE<\/strong> is an area of Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is said that its name comes from a bridge over the newly-built Ashton Canal in 1796.\u00a0 This bridge had a \u2018guide post\u2019 or sign post on it and this became the name of the surrounding village.\u00a0 The name was standardised in 1845 when the Sheffield Ashton-under-Lyne & Manchester Railway adopted it for a station that was originally named Ashton & Hooley Hill.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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H<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The H<\/strong>A\u00c7IENDA<\/strong> was a nightclub in Gaythorn<\/strong> in central Manchester <\/strong>which opened in 1982 and influenced what became known as the \u2018Madchester\u2019<\/strong> music scene.\u00a0 The name was inspired by a slogan of the Situationist International, a radical social movement of the 1950s, 60s and 70s \u2013 \u2018The Hacienda Must be Built\u2019, a cry for social and urban change.\u00a0 The name was popularised by Tony Wilson, a music promoter and co-founder of Factory Records, which owned the club.\u00a0 The club was closed in 1997, demolished in 2002 and a block of flats called \u2018The Ha\u00e7ienda Apartments\u2019 built on the site.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HACKING KNIFE<\/strong> is a gritstone promontory above Hyde <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 Its name is thought to derive from its knife<\/em>-like shape.\u00a0 It was formerly part of a farm owned by the Higham family but in 1920 62 hectares were purchased by Hyde Borough Council as a memorial to those killed in the First World War.\u00a0 An 8.4-metre granite obelisk was unveiled in 1921 and a plate commemorating those who died in the Second World War was added in 1963.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HAG FOLD<\/strong> is a residential area of Atherton <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> built on the site of Hag Fold Farm <\/em>in the 1930s.\u00a0 The name has been the source of much speculation and amusement but its origin has not been determined with any certainty.\u00a0 It is almost certain that it has nothing to do with witches and it seems likely, based on the names of other locations in Lancashire<\/strong>, that it comes from the Old Norse h<\/em>\u01eb<\/em>gg<\/em> or Old English hagga<\/em> meaning \u2018an area of trees to be felled or a clearing\u2019 + Old English fald<\/em>, \u2018an enclosure for animals\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HAGGATE <\/strong>is residential area of Royton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It shares its name with Haggate<\/em> in Lancashire<\/strong> but is otherwise not well documented and its meaning is uncertain.\u00a0 Folk etymology suggests that the name comes from an old woman who sat on a gate, but it is more likely to be Old English h<\/em>\u00e6c<\/em> (\u2018hatch\u2019) + geat <\/em>(\u2018gate, gap, pass\u2019), meaning a barred-gate that was the entrance to an estate or parish, or haga<\/em> (\u2018hawthorn\u2019) + Old Norse gata<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a road, a street\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The HAGUE<\/strong> is a hamlet south-east of Mottram in Longdendale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded as Haghe<\/em> in 1339, Haigh<\/em> in 1638 and The Hague<\/em> in 1831.\u00a0 It is related in meaning and etymology to Haigh <\/strong>in Wigan <\/strong>and The Hague, the capital of the Netherlands \u2013 haga<\/em>, meaning \u2018a hedged enclosure\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HAIGH <\/strong>is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1194 as Hage <\/em>but the modern spelling of Haigh<\/em> is found from 1581.\u00a0 The name is derived from the Old English haga<\/em>, meaning \u2018a hedge\u2019 and therefore \u2018an enclosure\u2019.\u00a0\u00a0 The village gives its name to the 100-hectare Haigh Woodland Park, which was originally a mediaeval estate which was laid out as gardens and woodland in the 1860s to hide mining activities.\u00a0 These were purchased by Wigan Corporation in 1945 and opened to the public in 1947.<\/p>\n

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HALE <\/strong>is a suburb of the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> which was formerly part of Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded as Hale <\/em>in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1), where it was said, \u2018There is woodland 1 league long and a half wide, and an enclosure, and a hawk\u2019s eyrie, and half an acre of meadow\u2019. \u00a00At that time, it also included Hale Barns<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name Hale<\/em> is from the Old English halh<\/em> meaning ‘nook or corner of land’, referring to areas of higher dry ground in the marshy areas along the River Bollin<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HALE BARNS<\/strong> is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford <\/strong>about 11 kilometres south-west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 Hale Barns was included within Hale<\/strong> in mediaeval times but was sufficiently prosperous by the late 16th<\/sup> century to be regarded as a separate settlement.\u00a0 The separate name is first recorded in 1616 as Halebarnes<\/em>.\u00a0 The barns<\/em> refer to the tithe barn that had been built to store the villagers\u2019 tithes \u2013 a tenth of all farm produce that was donated to the local church.\u00a0 Tithes made in kind were legally abolished in 1836 and the original tithe barn was demolished in 1848.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HALE MOSS<\/strong> today is a residential and recreational area north of Hale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 While Hale itself is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1), Hale Moss is not recorded on maps of the area until 1790, where it appears as a flood plain formed by Timperley <\/strong>Brook.\u00a0 The name is formed from Hale<\/em> (Old English halh<\/em> meaning ‘nook or corner of land’) + Moss <\/em>(mos<\/em>, \u2018marsh, bog\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HALF ACRE <\/strong>is a residential area of Whitefield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in parish records in 1849 but is thought to be named for a small group of weavers\u2019 cottages around Half Acre Lane<\/em>, referring to the approximate area of the plot on which they were built.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HALLAM CORONATION GARDEN <\/strong>is a small park in Davenport<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is named after Ephraim Hallam <\/em>(1812-1897), who built a cotton mill in Heaviley<\/strong> in 1859.\u00a0 He died in 1897 and bequeathed a small area adjacent to the mill to Stockport Council, which was laid out as Hallam Park in 1902.\u00a0 In 1953 the park was renamed Hallam Coronation Garden to commemorate the coronation<\/em> of Queen Elizabeth II.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HALL I\u2019 TH\u2019 WOOD <\/strong>is a museum in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally a manor house built in the 16th<\/sup> century by the Brownlow<\/strong> family and known as the Hall in the Wood<\/em>, which was rendered as Hall i\u2019 th\u2019 Wood in the local dialect.\u00a0 The building was used as a house of multiple occupancy by industrial families.\u00a0 The most famous occupant was Samuel Crompton<\/strong> (1753-1827), who invented his spinning mule for the manufacture of muslin in about 1779 while living in the hall, and this was known as the Hall i\u2019 th\u2019 Wood wheel at the time.\u00a0 The house was purchased by William Lever (later Lord Leverhulme<\/strong>) in 1899 and donated to Bolton Corporation in 1902.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HALLIWELL<\/strong> is a residential district of Bolton<\/strong>, originally included in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in about 1200 as Haliwalle<\/em>, from the Old English halig<\/em> + wella<\/em>, meaning \u2018holy well\u2019.\u00a0 This refers to an ancient spring which was found in the northern part of what is now Halliwell.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HALL LEE BROOK<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong> that rises west of Westhoughton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>. It flows through Hall Lee Bank Park and eventually joins the Mersey as the Glaze Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Lee Hall<\/em>, the mediaeval home of the Leigh (or Lee<\/em>, Leghe, Lighe) family.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HALO WEST <\/strong>is a 2.4-hectare logistics and industrial estate off Liverpool Road<\/strong> in Eccles<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong> that was given planning approval in 2025.\u00a0 It is one of several such developments across the UK that have been given the name Halo<\/em>, a term was first used in Kilmarnock in 2021.\u00a0 The name is taken from the Halo effect<\/em>, a term coined in 1920 by Edward Thorndike, and defined by him as \u2019a marked tendency to think of the person in general as rather good or rather inferior and to colour the judgments of the qualities by this general feeling\u2019.\u00a0 The term was initially used in educational psychology but it is now applied to regeneration initiatives where brownfield sites rise from the ashes of industrial waste and pollution.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HALSHAW MOOR<\/strong> is a residential area of Farnworth <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but it is thought that by 1604 the land belonged to Robtus de Halsall<\/em>, who gave his name to the village.\u00a0 The family took their name from Halsall, some 15 kilometres north-west of Halshaw, and the name may have been changed to Halshaw over time.\u00a0 A perhaps more straightforward derivation is that the name comes from the Old English halh<\/em> (\u2018flat piece of land beside a river\u2019) + shagh<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018woodland\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HAMER <\/strong>is an area of Wardleworth <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1572 as Hamer<\/em>, from the Old English hamor <\/em>or Old Norse hamarr<\/em>, meaning \u2018steep rock, cliff\u2019, which describes the location of the original village near a hill.\u00a0 Hamer lends its name to Hamer Pasture Reservoir, which was built in the 1860s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HAMPSON GREEN <\/strong>is a hamlet north-west of Haigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The place is not well documented but it shares its name with Hampson Green, a village south of Lancaster, whose meaning is thought to be \u2018the village of Pson, the son of Pusan\u2019, from Old English h<\/em>\u0101m<\/em> + Anglo-Saxon personal name Pson<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HANGING BRIDGE<\/strong> is an ancient sandstone bridge across Hanging Ditch, which used to connect the Irwell <\/strong>and the Irk<\/strong> south of Manchester<\/strong> Cathedral.\u00a0 It is recorded as Hengand Brigge<\/em> in 1343 although references to Hanging Ditch go back to 1316.\u00a0 The present bridge was built in 1421 on the site of an earlier bridge but the present bridge was covered over in 1682 and only uncovered in 1880.\u00a0 There are several theories for the origin of the name:\u00a0 that the original bridge was a Roman drawbridge hung from ropes; that it was an ancient public execution site (Old English hengen<\/em>\u00a0means \u2018gallows\u2019); or that it is sited on a slope (Old English hangende<\/em>).\u00a0 Other suggestions are that the name could refer to the curved shape of the ditch, or to hens found nearby, but the exact origin remains uncertain.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HANGING CHADDER <\/strong>is a hilly area north of Royton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1324 as Hengandechadre<\/em>, meaning \u2018steep hill\u2019, from the Old English hangende\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018hanging; steep\u2019) + the Celtic cader <\/em>(\u2018chair, hill\u2019).\u00a0\u00a0 Nearby Chadderton<\/strong> probably takes its name from Hanging Chadder.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HANGING LEES RESERVOIR<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> was built in 1858-68 as one of the six reservoirs (Ogden, Kitcliffe, Piethorne, Hanging Lees, Rooden<\/strong> and Norman Hill<\/strong>) built in the Piethorne Valley in the second half of the 19th<\/sup> century to supply water to Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Hanging Lees Farm and Hanging Lees Brook, both of which appear on the first Ordnance Survey maps of the area in the 1850s.\u00a0 The name means \u2018the steep (Old English hangende<\/em>, \u2018steep\u2019) pastures (Old English l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em>).\u00a0 The word reservoir <\/em>first appears in English in 1686, borrowed from the French r\u00e9servoir<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HANKINSON <\/strong>or \u2018HANKY PARK\u2019<\/strong> was a residential area of Pendleton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area developed in the second quarter of the 19th<\/sup> century and took its name from the local Hankinson<\/em> family.\u00a0 Robert Hankinson was listed as a calico manufacturer in 1825 and other members of the family later established businesses in the area around what became Hankinson Street, which was known as \u201cHanky Park\u201d.\u00a0 The area was flattened in the 1960s and high-rise blocks of flats built in place of the old terraced houses.\u00a0 Today only a street called Hankinson Way remains.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HAPPY VALLEY<\/strong> is a 17-hectare nature reserve along the Ladybrook<\/strong> valley between Norbury<\/strong> and Womanscroft <\/strong>Bridge in Bramhall<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 Happy Valley<\/em> was a term applied to several areas Britain in Victoria<\/strong>n times as places where industrial workers could enjoy fresh air and a natural landscape.\u00a0 The name is thought to have been applied to the Ladybrook valley in the late 19th<\/sup> century, and is recorded in a report in a local newspaper in 1888.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HARBOUR CITY <\/strong>is an office and residential area in the regeneration area of Salford Quays<\/strong> alongside Erie Basin (formerly Wharf 9).\u00a0 It was originally planned in the 1980s but was not developed until the 1990s to be ready for the Harbour City Metrolink stop at Harbour City, which opened on 6 December 1999.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HARCLES HILL<\/strong> is a 371-metre flat-topped hill west of Ramsbottom<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is also known as Holcombe<\/strong> Hill and is capped by the Peel Monument<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1236 as Arkilis<\/em> or Arkeles hou<\/em>, from the Old Norse personal name, Arnkell<\/em>, + haugr<\/em>, meaning \u2018hill\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HARDY<\/strong> was a hamlet in south Manchester<\/strong> that was combined with nearby Chorlton<\/strong> to form Chorlton-cum-Hardy<\/strong>, i.e. Chorlton-with-Hardy.\u00a0 Hardy is recorded separately in 1555 as Hardey <\/em>and is said to mean either \u2018Hearda\u2019s island\u2019 from the Old English personal name Hearda<\/em> + \u0113g <\/em>(\u2018island, river meadow\u2019) or \u2018hard island\u2019 from Old English heard<\/em> + \u0113g<\/em>.\u00a0 Although some claim that the combined name occurs as early as 1700, the date is usually given as 1842 and is said to have been promoted by Victorian residential property developers to distinguish Chorlton from Chorlton-on-Medlock<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

HARE HILL PARK <\/strong>is a 4-hectare public park in the centre of Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 It goes back to 1774, when Lawrence Newall purchased Town House, which was renamed Hare Hill House<\/em> at some point.\u00a0 The house was enlarged in 1870 but sold to Littleborough Urban District Council in 1900.\u00a0 The house became the town hall and the gardens became a public park.\u00a0 The name is believed to be literal \u2013 a hill<\/em> where hares<\/em> were found.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HARESHILL <\/strong>is a residential and commercial area of Heywood <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Hayshill<\/em> in 1847 and as Hareshill<\/em> in 1890.\u00a0 The name is thought to be quite literal, meaning \u2018the hill<\/em> where hares<\/em> are found\u2019, from Old English hara <\/em>+ hyll<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HARPER GREEN <\/strong>is a neighbourhood of Farnworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, about 20 kilometres north-west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is taken from the landowning Harper<\/em> or Harpur<\/em> family, who lived in the area in the 18th<\/sup> century and earlier.\u00a0 It is said that Green<\/em> comes not from the Old English gr\u0113ne<\/em>, meaning \u2018field, village green\u2019, but a bleaching green, a field used in textile manufacture where cloth was laid out to be bleached by the sun.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HARPURHEY<\/strong> is an inner-city suburb of the City of Manchester<\/strong>, about 5 kilometres north-east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1320 as Harpourley<\/em> and means \u2018Harpour\u2019s enclosure\u2019 from William Harpour<\/em>, who owned the area in the 14th<\/sup> century, + Old English hege<\/em> or h<\/em>\u00e6g<\/em>, meaning \u2018enclosure, hedge or hay\u2019.\u00a0 The area remained rural until the second quarter of the 19th<\/sup> century, when intensive cotton manufacture developed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HARRIDGE PIKE\u00a0<\/strong>is a 395-metre hill above the River Tame<\/strong> in Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded with its modern spelling in 1840 but may be older \u2013 perhaps a corruption of highridge<\/em>, from Old English h\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018high\u2019) + hrycg <\/em>(\u2018ridge\u2019) + pike <\/em>(\u2018pointed hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HARROP DALE, HARROP EDGE, HARROP GREEN <\/strong>and HARROP RIDGE<\/strong> are all rural localities to the north of Diggle<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>. \u00a0Harrop <\/em>is recorded with its modern spelling in 1274 and probably means \u2018hare\u2019s valley\u2019 from Old English hara<\/em> (\u2018hare\u2019) + hop<\/em> (\u2018small valley\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HARROP EDGE <\/strong>is a rural area west of Mottram in Longdendale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1360 as Harop<\/em>, as Harroppe Edge<\/em> in 1631 and with its modern spelling in 1831.\u00a0 It may mean \u2018ridge in hare\u2019s valley\u2019 from Old English hara<\/em> (\u2018hare\u2019) + hop<\/em> (\u2018small valley\u2019) + ecg<\/em> (\u2018ridge, escarpment\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HART COMMON <\/strong>is a village in Westhoughton <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1541 and would seem to refer to the local Hart <\/em>family, who lived in the area from the mid-15th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The family name is almost certainly taken from Old English heorot<\/em> (\u2018hart, stag\u2019) and indeed Hart Common golf club has a stag as its logo.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HARTSHEAD GREEN<\/strong>, originally HARTSHEAD<\/strong>, is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1200 as Hertesheud<\/em>, meaning \u2018hart\u2019s or deer\u2019s hill\u2019 from Old English heorot<\/em> (\u2018hart\u2019) + h\u0113afod<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019).\u00a0 The hill referred to is Hartshead Pike, which comes from the Old English pike <\/em>(\u2018pointed hill\u2019).\u00a0 The hill is thought to have been used as a beacon in mediaeval times and a tower was built near the top in 1751.\u00a0 The tower, or monument, was replaced in 1863 and now has a height of 290 metres.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HARWOOD<\/strong> and HARWOOD LEE<\/strong> are residential areas in northern Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded from 1212 as Harewode<\/em>, meaning \u2018grey wood\u2019, from Old English h<\/em>\u0101r <\/em>(\u2018grey, old\u2019) + wudu<\/em> (\u2018wood, forest, timber\u2019), or possibly \u2018wood where hares are found\u2019, from Old English hara<\/em> + wudu<\/em>.\u00a0 \u2018Lee\u2019 comes from Old English l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em>, meaning \u2018woodland clearing\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HASLAM PARK <\/strong>is a 2.2-hectare public park and nature reserve in Deane<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It lies on part of a large estate donated to the borough in 1908 by Mary Haslam<\/em> in memory of her father, John Haslam<\/em> (1823-1899), and his brother, Joseph, who had been born in Bolton in 1821.\u00a0 The Haslam brothers owned a cotton-manufacturing business in Preston.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HATHERLOW <\/strong>is a hamlet between Romiley <\/strong>and Bredbury<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The settlement dates from 1705, when non-conformists were evicted from Chadkirk <\/strong>and bought land in Hatherlow, opening their new chapel in 1706.\u00a0 The name means \u2018heather hill\u2019 from Old English h<\/em>\u01e3ddre <\/em>(\u2018heather\u2019) + hl<\/em>\u0101w <\/em>(\u2018hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HATHERSHAW\u00a0<\/strong>is a residential area in Oldham<\/strong>, just south of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1280 as Halselinechaw Clugh<\/em>, meaning \u2018heather-wood valley\u2019, from Old English h<\/em>\u01e3ddre <\/em>(\u2018heather\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018small wood, copse\u2019) + cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em> (\u2018ravine, valley\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HATTERSLEY <\/strong>is a residential area south of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, 16 kilometres east of Manchester.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1248 as Hattirsleg<\/em>, meaning \u2018wood of the stags\u2019, from Old English h\u0113ah-d\u0113or<\/em> (\u2018high deer\u2019 i.e. \u2018antlered-stag, hart\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018woodland, clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HAUGH<\/strong> is a small residential area east of Newhey<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1549 as le Halcht<\/em>, meaning \u2018enclosure\u2019, from the Old English halh<\/em> or haga<\/em>.\u00a0 Haugh gives its name to Haugh Brook, a tributary of Piethorne Brook<\/strong>, which feeds the six reservoirs of the Piethorne Valley.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HAUGHTON<\/strong> is a residential area of eastern Denton<\/strong>, often divided into Haughton Green in the north and Haughton Dale in the south, in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1307 as Halghton<\/em>, meaning \u2018settlement in a nook\u2019, from Old English halh<\/em> (\u2018corner, nook\u2019, often in reference to a hollow in a river bend) + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018village, enclosure\u2019), referring to the bend in the River Tame<\/strong>, which Haughton overlooks.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

HAULGH <\/strong>is a residential area in Bolton<\/strong>, often linked administratively and politically with Tonge<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1332 as Halgh<\/em>, from the Old English English halh<\/em> (\u2018corner, nook\u2019, often in reference to a hollow in a river bend), referring to the tongue (hence Tonge) of land between the Rivers Tonge <\/strong>and Croal<\/strong> on which both Tonge and Haulgh lie.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HAVELEY HEY <\/strong>was a rural area in Northern Etchells<\/strong> in Cheshire<\/strong> which was absorbed into Wythenshawe<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong> in the 1930s.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1318 as Alveleyhey<\/em>, meaning \u2018enclosure at \u00c6lfa\u2019s<\/em> clearing\u2019, from an Anglo-Saxon personal name + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018clearing\u2019) + haeg\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018enclosure\u2019).\u00a0 Today, the name is retained in a park, a school and a road in Benchill<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HAWK GREEN<\/strong> is a village south of Marple<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 A map of 1817 records the name as Half Green and this name survives in the street name Half Acre Terrace, presumably referring to a mediaeval farm or field.\u00a0 By 1840 the name was recorded as Hawk Green from the Old English hafoc<\/em> (\u2018hawk\u2019) + gr<\/em>\u0113ne<\/em>, recalling an older name of Hawk Field and suggesting an area where hawks were found or kept, perhaps for hunting.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HAWKLEY <\/strong>is a residential area on the southern edge of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1512 as Hawkley<\/em>, meaning \u2018hawk\u2019s glade\u2019, from Old English hafoc<\/em> (\u2018hawk\u2019) + l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018woodland, clearing\u2019).\u00a0 Hawkley shares its name with Hawkley Brook, a tributary of the River Douglas<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

HAWKSHAW <\/strong>is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1218 as Hauekesheghe<\/em>, meaning \u2018hawk wood\u2019, from the Old English hafoc<\/em> (\u2018hawk\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018small wood, copse\u2019).<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

HAZEL GROVE<\/strong> is a suburb in the south of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The village was originally called Bullock Smithy<\/strong>, but it got a reputation for unruly behaviour and in 1836 the name was changed to the more aspirational Hazel Grove<\/em>.\u00a0 There is disagreement as to whether the name literally means \u2018a grove where hazels grow\u2019 or whether it is a revival of an older name.\u00a0 The older name was Hesselgrove<\/em> or Hesselgrave<\/em>, which is recorded in 1690, a name meaning \u2018the gravel pit belonging to someone called Hesse<\/em>l\u2019.\u00a0 The name Hazel Grove was standardised in 1857 when the London & North Western Railway adopted it for the station built there.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HAZELHURST <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0There are at least three places named Hazelhurst in Greater Manchester \u2013 in Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong>, Ramsbottom <\/strong>and Swinton<\/strong> – all meaning \u2018hill covered with hazel trees\u2019, from Old English haesel<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018hazel-tree\u2019) + hyrst<\/em> (\u2018wooded hill\u2019).\u00a0 Hazelhurst in Swinton is a residential area in the City of Salford <\/strong>and was recorded in 1325 as Haselhirst.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEADY HILL <\/strong>is a village west of Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears on a map of 1785 and is said to derive from the old English heafod<\/em>, referring to a promontory or head<\/em>land, or a piece of land that is the source (\u2018head<\/em>\u2019) of a stream.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEALD GREEN<\/strong>\u00a0is a suburb of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears only in 1841 and was standardised when the London & North Western Railway opened a station there in 1909.\u00a0 The origins of the name are uncertain.\u00a0 One possibility is that it takes its name from Leuk del Helde<\/em>, who was living in the area in 1289 and whose family name may be derived from the Middle English helde<\/em>, meaning \u2018slope\u2019.\u00a0 Another theory is that the name comes from a heald<\/em> or heddle<\/em>, a weaving device that is first recorded in 1483.\u00a0 This theory is supported by the fact that there were known to be weavers\u2019 cottages in the area from the late 18th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEALDS GREEN <\/strong>is a small village north of Chadderton <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded from 1789, when a Methodist chapel was built there.\u00a0 The origin of the name is uncertain, but, given the terrain, may be from Old English helde<\/em>, meaning \u2018a steep slope\u2019.\u00a0 It has also been suggested that it could be an eponym:\u00a0 the village green belonging to someone called Heald<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEALEY,<\/strong> HEALEY DELL NATURE RESERVE <\/strong>and HEALEY NAB<\/strong>.\u00a0 Healey is an area of the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> which was formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded as Helei <\/em>in 1215 and means \u2018the high lea\u2019, from the Old English heah<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a high place, a height\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a glade, clearing\u2019).\u00a0 Nearby are the Healey Dell Nature Reserve, through which the River Spodden<\/strong> flows, and Healey Nab, a 208-metre hill that takes its name from the Old Norse nabbi<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a peak, a knoll, a hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEAP BRIDGE <\/strong>is an area in Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>, formerly part of Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Heap was a township on the south bank of the River Roch<\/strong> and is first recorded in 1278 as Hep<\/em> in 1226 and Hepe<\/em> in 1278.\u00a0 The name is taken from Old English h\u0113ap<\/em> meaning \u2018heap or pile\u2019 and, by extension, \u2018hill\u2019.\u00a0 Heap itself was absorbed into Heywood in 1894 but Heap Bridge survives as a locality.\u00a0 It is documented as Heipp brige<\/em> in 1551 and the original bridge was replaced by a stone bridge in 1884.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEATHFIELDS <\/strong>is a residential area east of Uppermill<\/strong> in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1724, although some of its buildings date from more than a century earlier.\u00a0 It means \u2018open fields in the heath\u2019 from Old English h<\/em>\u01e3th<\/em> + feld<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEATON\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>There are several Heatons in Greater Manchester<\/strong>, all meaning \u2018place on high land\u2019 and taking their names from the Old English h\u0113ah<\/em>, \u2018high\u2019 + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>, \u2018settlement\u2019.\u00a0 The name is first mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Hietun<\/em>, but this seems to refer to what is now Heaton-with-Oxcliffe in the Lune Valley in what is still Lancashire<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEATON <\/strong>or HEATON-UNDER-HORWICH <\/strong>is a residential area of the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The township was created in the 12th<\/sup> century and is recorded as Heton<\/em> in 1227 and Heton under Horewich<\/em> in 1332.\u00a0 The latter name was and is used to distinguish it from other Heatons in the region.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEATON CHAPEL <\/strong>is an area in Heaton Norris<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It received its name following the construction of St Thomas\u2019s Anglican church in 1765.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEATON MERSEY <\/strong>is the most western of the four Heatons in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, all north of the town itself.\u00a0 Heaton Mersey means \u2018farm or enclosure on the high land overlooking the River Mersey<\/em>\u2019, which rises in Stockport and formerly separated Lancashire<\/strong> from Cheshire<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEATON MOOR<\/strong> is one of the four Heatons in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 Heaton Moor Road<\/em> was part of Heaton Norris<\/strong> that still runs north-east towards the moors to the east of Stockport.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEATON NORRIS<\/strong> is a northern suburb of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> and the oldest of the four Stockport Heatons.\u00a0 It is recorded as Hetton<\/em> in 1196 and as Heton Norays <\/em>in 1282.\u00a0 Heaton<\/em> is derived from the Old English h\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018high\u2019) and –t<\/em>\u016bn <\/em>(farmstead), and Norris was a Norman landowner named William le Norreys<\/em>, who owned the land overlooking the River Mersey<\/strong> in 1162-1180.\u00a0 Heaton Norris originally covered all four of the Heatons, but three evolved with separate names \u2013 Heaton Chapel<\/strong>, Heaton Mersey<\/strong> and Heaton Moor<\/strong> \u2013 in the 18th<\/sup> and 19th<\/sup> centuries, and the separate names were standardised by their separate railway stations.<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

HEATON PARK<\/strong> is a 262-hectare public park \u2013 the largest in Greater Manchester<\/strong> and one of the largest in Britain.\u00a0 The park formerly formed the estate of Heaton Hall but was taken over by the City of Manchester<\/strong> and opened to the public in 1902.\u00a0 The park takes its name from the local township of Great Heaton, a name meaning \u2018place on high land\u2019, dating from about 1200, and is now a suburb of Bolton<\/strong> usually known simply as Heaton.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEAVILEY <\/strong>is a suburb of eastern Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1283 as Hethylegh<\/em>, meaning \u2018heathy clearing\u2019, from the Old English h<\/em>\u01e3thig<\/em> (\u2018heathy\u2019) + –l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018clearing\u2019).\u00a0 The meaning of the name suggests the origin of the settlement.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEBERS <\/strong>and TOP OF HEBERS <\/strong>are both residential areas in north-western Middleton <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 Hebers House dates from about 1750 and the Top of Hebers workhouse had been established by 1776.\u00a0 The name comes from the Heber<\/em> family, who were prominent landowners in the area and residents of Hollins<\/strong> Hall in the 17th<\/sup> and 18th<\/sup> centuries.\u00a0 A later member of the family, unconnected to Middleton, was Reginald Heber (1783-1826), the second Bishop of Calcutta.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEIGHTS <\/strong>is a hamlet formerly known as Friarmere<\/strong> overlooking Delph<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 The name describes its position about 366 metres above the Hull Brook<\/strong> valley and dates from the 18th<\/sup> century:\u00a0 in 1765 St Thomas\u2019s church was built in Friarmere and given the name Heights Chapel<\/em>, and in 1767 the Punch Bowl pub (later the Royal Oak) was opened and this was also known as Th\u2019 Heights<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEMPSHAW BROOK<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Goyt <\/strong>that was historically also known as Stockport Brook.\u00a0 It is thought to rise in Hazel Grove<\/strong> and to join the Goyt in Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1362 as Impeshagh <\/em>and with its modern spelling from 1842.\u00a0 It means \u2018sapling copse\u2019, from Old English impa <\/em>(\u2018young shoot, sapling\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HESKETH PARK <\/strong>is a small park in Cheadle Hulme<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is sited on land donated by William Bamford Hesketh<\/em>, who built the Hesketh Arms Hotel (originally called \u2018The Horse and Jockey\u2019) in Cheadle Hulme in 1864.\u00a0 The hotel later became a pub.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEY BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong> that rises south-east of Wigan<\/strong> close to Bamfurlong<\/strong>.\u00a0 It flows south-east to Pennington Flash Country Park<\/strong> and then east to become Pennington Brook, which joins the River Glaze<\/strong> near Lately Common in Warrington.\u00a0 Hey<\/em> comes from the Old English h<\/em>\u00e6g<\/em> meaning \u2018an enclosure\u2019 and is very common in place and street names across Greater Manchester<\/strong>, but it has not been possible to identify or date a particular hey<\/em> that gives its name to Hey Brook.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEYHEAD <\/strong>was a village in Northern Etchells<\/strong>, formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>, but was incorporated into the City of Manchester<\/strong> in 1931 and displaced by the expansion of Manchester International Airport<\/strong> in the 1990s.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the mid-17th<\/sup> century and means \u2018the top of an enclosure\u2019 from Old English h\u00e6g<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019) + h\u0113afod <\/em>(\u2018head, headland, end of a ridge\u2019).\u00a0 The last few houses were demolished in the 1990s and the name then disappeared from modern maps.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEYHEADS<\/strong> is in eastern Stalybridge <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but means \u2018the top of an enclosure\u2019, from Old English h<\/em>\u00e6g<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019) + h\u0113afod <\/em>(\u2018head, headland, end of a ridge\u2019), presumably referring to its position overlooking the valley of the River Tame<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEYROD<\/strong> is a village in the Stalybridge<\/strong> area of the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1246 as Heyerode<\/em>, meaning \u2018high clearing\u2019, from Old English heah<\/em> (\u2018high\u2019) + rodu <\/em>(\u2018clearing\u2019), describing the village\u2019s position in a forested area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEYSIDE <\/strong>is a residential area east of Royton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but the original settlement dates from the Middle Ages and means \u2018somewhere high (Old English h<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em>) on a hillside (side<\/em>)\u2019, referring to its position overlooking Royton.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEYWOOD <\/strong>is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and was formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1246 as Heghwode<\/em>.\u00a0 This name has been variously interpreted:\u00a0 the second element is clearly from the Old English wudu<\/em> \u2018wood\u2019, but the first element might be Old English h\u0113ah<\/em>, \u2018high\u2019 or hege, h<\/em>\u00e6g<\/em>, \u2018hedge\u2019, so that the name would mean either \u2018high woods\u2019 or \u2018enclosed or fenced wood\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGGINSHAW <\/strong>is an industrial area of north Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but it has been suggested that it means \u2018Richard\u2019s wood\u2019, from Higg<\/em> (a mediaeval diminutive of Richard) + sceaga<\/em> (‘wood, copse\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGH CROMPTON\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> CROMPTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER BARROWSHAW <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> BARROWSHAW<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER BLACKLEY \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0See<\/em> BLACKLEY<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER BOARSHAW <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> BOARSHAW<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER BROUGHTON\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> BROUGHTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER CRUMPSALL\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> CRUMPSALL<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER DUNISHBOOTH\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>DUNISHBOOTH<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER END<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> BILLINGE<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

HIGHER GREEN <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> ASTLEY <\/strong>and ASTLEY GREEN<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER HARTSHEAD\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> HARTSHEAD GREEN<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER HURST\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> HURST<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER INCE \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> INCE-IN-MAKERFIELD<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER NADEN RESERVOIR <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> NADEN<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER OPENSHAW \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0See<\/em> OPENSHAW<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER RUSHCROFT\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> RUSHCROFT<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER STAKE HILL <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> STAKEHILL <\/strong>or STAKE HILL<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER SUMMERSEAT\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> SUMMERSEAT<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER WOODHILL\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> WOODHILL<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER OGDEN\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> OGDEN<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER SWINESHAW RESERVOIR\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> SWINESHAW<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHFIELD, Farnworth,<\/strong> is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name describes the location and refers particularly to Highfield Farm<\/em>, which is recorded in the 19th<\/sup> century and remained as a working farm into the 1970s.\u00a0 Residential development of the area apparently dates from the 1930s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHFIELD, Pemberton, <\/strong>is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name literally describes the location, which overlooks Smithy Brook<\/strong> and the surrounding area.\u00a0 Some buildings in the area date back to the 16th<\/sup> century but it is uncertain when the area was given its name.\u00a0 Highfield was developed as an industrial and residential from the late 18th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGH LANE<\/strong> is a village on the Macclesfield Canal 8 kilometres south-east of Stockport<\/strong> and in Cheshire <\/strong>until 1974.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1690 as Ho Lane<\/em> and with its modern spelling in 1842.\u00a0 Its original meaning was \u2018the lane leading to the hill spur\u2019, from the Old English h<\/em>\u014dh <\/em>(\u2018a heel; a slightly projecting piece of ground\u2019) + lane<\/em> (\u2018secondary road\u2019).\u00a0 The \u2018hoe\u2019 is the small hill on which Disley in Cheshire stands and this element was gradually rationalised to \u2018high\u2019.\u00a0 The \u2018lane\u2019 is now the A6 Buxton Road.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGH RID RESERVOIR <\/strong>is a small reservoir some 5 kilometres west of Bolton<\/strong>, built in 1892 to supply water to the town.\u00a0 It takes its name from the nearby High Rid Farm<\/em>, which is recorded on the Ordnance Survey map of the area in the 1850s.\u00a0 The meaning of Rid<\/em> is uncertain, but suggestions are Old English r\u04efd<\/em>, meaning \u2018clearing\u2019, or dialect rigg<\/em>, \u2018ridge\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHTOWN <\/strong>is a residential area of the City of Manchester<\/strong> north of Cheetham<\/strong> and bordering on Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name seems to be modern and is difficult to find on maps before the 1950s.\u00a0 However, it is said to have been a centre for the Jewish community during the first half of the 20th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name is quite literal, referring to the higher ground above inner-city areas such as Strangeways<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HILL TOP <\/strong>or HILL TOP MOSS <\/strong>is a residential and recreational area of Walkden<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name seems to be taken from Hill Top Road<\/em>, which ascends from Worsley <\/strong>to Bolton <\/strong>and describes the landscape of the area.\u00a0 Hill Top Farm is shown on the 1848 Ordnance Survey map and Moss Pit colliery was recorded as being sunk \u2019near Hill Top\u2019 in 1799-1801.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HILTON HOUSE <\/strong>is a hamlet south of Horwich<\/strong> near Blackrod<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1838, although the country house itself is said to have been built in the late 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name was standardised when it was adopted as the name for a station by the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway in 1858.\u00a0 The house was originally owned by the Hilton<\/em> family, who had been prominent landowners in the area since the Middle Ages.\u00a0 The house was extended and converted into a hotel in 2006 and renamed \u2018The Georgian House\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HILTON PARK <\/strong>is a recreational and residential area south of Prestwich<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1838 with the building of Hilton House on Hilton Lane<\/em>, which takes its name from the Hilton<\/em> family, who had been landowners in the area in the Middle Ages.\u00a0 By 1857 the grounds of Hilton House were labelled as Hilton Park and, although the house had been demolished by 1932, the park remains, with much of it occupied by Prestwich golf course.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HINDLEY<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, about 5 kilometres east of Wigan town centre.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1212 as Hindele <\/em>and with its modern spelling in 1479.\u00a0 The name means \u2018wood or clearing of the hinds\u2019 from Old English hind <\/em>(\u2018hind, doe\u2019) + l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018clearing, meadow\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HINDS <\/strong>and LOWER HINDS <\/strong>are located beside the River Irwell<\/strong> and the Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal south of Elton <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 They are not well documented before the end of the 18th<\/sup> century:\u00a0 Hinds Mill was originally opened in the 1780s or perhaps earlier and Hinds Lane Wharf dates from the 1790s with the opening of the canal.\u00a0 The origin of the name is unclear:\u00a0 it could be an eponym but no Hind<\/em> or Hinds<\/em> family has been traced in the area, or, given the number of places named after deer in the north of Greater Manchester<\/strong>, it could be from Old English hind <\/em>(\u2018hind, doe\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HINDSFORD<\/strong> is a small residential area on the south-eastern edge of Atherton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the 1820s, when Hindsford House was built.\u00a0 Hindsford lies west of Hindsford Brook<\/em>, a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong> and the River Mersey<\/strong>, and presumably takes its name from the stream.\u00a0 Hindsford Brook was formerly known Goderic Brook after a Saxon saint, but it cannot be confirmed when the name was changed.\u00a0 The name means \u2018ford of the hinds or does\u2019 from Old English hind <\/em>+ ford.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOAR BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises on Broadhead Moss<\/strong> in the Peak District <\/strong>National Park in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows north-west through Hoar Clough<\/em> to meet North Brook<\/strong>, which then flows into Diggle Brook, meeting the Tame near Diggle<\/strong>.\u00a0 Hoar Clough is recorded on the Ordnance Survey map of 1843 and means \u2018grey (Old English h<\/em>\u0101r<\/em>) ravine (cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOCKERY BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Douglas<\/strong> which rises north of Hindley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, flows north-east and ultimately meets the Douglas.\u00a0 The name is a corruption of ocrie\/ochrey<\/em>, meaning \u2019like ochre<\/em>, yellowish\u2019 because it was stained yellow or orange by water pumped from iron mines in the area.\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HODGE FOLD<\/strong> and HODGE LANE DYE VATS<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0Hodge Fold is a rural area on the River Etherow<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1655 as Hodge Hall<\/em> and the Hodge Lane Dye Vats date from the late 18th<\/sup> century, when they were used for bleaching cloth at the Hodge Textile Works beside the Etherow.\u00a0 The origin of Hodge<\/em> is uncertain but may be an eponym:\u00a0 Hodge was a mediaeval shortening of Roger<\/em> that was originally used as a nickname for an agricultural labourer.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLCOMBE <\/strong>and HOLCOMBE BROOK<\/strong> are neighbouring villages in Ramsbottom<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 Both are situated on Holcombe Moor but take their name from the valley of Holcombe Brook \u2013 Old English hol<\/em> (\u2018hole, hollow\u2019) + cumb<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019) \u2013 found in 1236 as Holecumbam<\/em>, referring to the valley at the foot of nearby Holcombe Hill.\u00a0 On top of Holcombe Hill (also known as Harcles Hill<\/strong>) is Holcombe Tower, a monument to Sir Robert Peel<\/strong> (1788-1850), prime minister and founder of the modern police (the \u2018peelers\u2019), who was born in Bury.\u00a0 Holcombe Brook, a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong>, rises near Pot Green<\/strong> and flows south-east to join the Irwell at Brooksbottoms<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLDEN FOLD <\/strong>is a residential area of Royton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> where some of the earliest water-powered cotton mills were built in the 1790s.\u00a0 The name comes from the Holden<\/em> family, who are known to have settled as landowners in the 16th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The family were still operating cotton mills in the late 19th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLE BOTTOM BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irk<\/strong> that rises north of Hollinwood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and then joins Bower Brook<\/strong> in Failsworth<\/strong> to form Moston Brook<\/strong>, which eventually empties into the Irk near Smedley<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded on the first Ordnance Survey maps of the area in 1848-51 but is probably much older.\u00a0 It means \u2018the stream (Old English br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em>) flowing through a hollow (hol<\/em>) in the bottom (botm<\/em>) of the valley\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLLIN BROWN KNOLL <\/strong>is found on Saddleworth<\/strong> Moor in the Peak District <\/strong>National Park in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded on the Ordnance Survey map of 1843 but the derivation is not completely clear:\u00a0 Hollin<\/em> comes from the Old English holegn<\/em>, meaning \u2018holly\u2019, and knoll<\/em> from Old English cnoll<\/em>, \u2018hillock\u2019, but the meaning of Brown<\/em> is uncertain.\u00a0 It could literally mean \u2018brown\u2019 from Old English br<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>, but perhaps more likely is that it is from Old Norse br<\/em>\u00fan<\/em>, meaning \u2018brow, moor\u2019, so that the meaning would be something like \u2019the brow of the hill where holly is found\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLLINGWORTH <\/strong>is a village north-east of Hyde<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, about 20 kilometres east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Holisurde<\/em> and with its modern spelling by the end of the 13th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It means \u2018an enclosure or homestead surrounded by holly trees\u2019, from Old English holegn<\/em> + worth<\/em>.\u00a0 \u00a0Hollingworth gives its name to Hollingworth Brook, which flows south into Hollingworth Lake<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLLINGWORTH LAKE<\/strong> is a reservoir and country park in Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, which is fed from the north by Hollingworth Brook and its tributaries.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1278 as Holyenworth<\/em> and with its modern spelling in 1843.\u00a0 The 53-hectare reservoir was originally built in 1800 to supply the Rochdale Canal, but was later developed as a recreational and tourist facility.\u00a0 It means \u2018an enclosure or homestead surrounded by holly trees\u2019, from Old English holegn<\/em> + worth<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLLINS, Bury<\/strong>, along with HOLLINS VALE<\/strong> and HOLLINS BROOK<\/strong>, all lie north-west of Unsworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 Hollins itself is a suburb of Bury, south of the town centre, Hollins Vale is a local nature reserve with woodland planted in 1848-93, and Hollins Brook is a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1756, when a Jacob Fletcher leased an estate known as The Hollins.<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0 Like many other places formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>, it is derived from Old English holegn<\/em>, meaning \u2018holly trees\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLLINS <\/strong>and HOLLINS GREEN, Oldham, <\/strong>are localities south and south-west of the town.\u00a0 They share their name with other places that are or were in Lancashire<\/strong>, all derived from Old English holegn<\/em>, meaning \u2018holly trees\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLLINS, Rochdale,<\/strong> is a residential area in north-west Middleton.<\/strong> The name is recorded in 1843 and is derived from Old English holegn<\/em>, meaning \u2018holly trees\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The HOLLINS, Wigan <\/strong>is residential area of Hindley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the parsonage that was built there in the mid-18th<\/sup> century and means \u2018the holly trees\u2019 from Old English holegn.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLLINWOOD<\/strong> is a residential area of Oldham<\/strong>, south-west of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1713, when Hollinwood Moor was divided between Oldham and Chadderton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name means \u2018holly wood\u2019, from the Old English holegn<\/em> (\u2018holly\u2019) + wudu<\/em> (\u2018wood, forest\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLLY GROVE<\/strong> is a hamlet south-east of Diggle<\/strong> in the Saddleworth<\/strong> area of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1272 as Holyngreue<\/em>, as Hollingreave<\/em> in 1723, and as Hollin Grove<\/em> in 1771.\u00a0 The name means \u2018holly copse\u2019 or \u2018holly thicket\u2019 from the Old English holegn<\/em> + gr\u0101f<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLLYWOOD END <\/strong>is a hamlet north of Mellor <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1433 as Holywodehede<\/em> but as Hollywood End<\/em> by 1650.\u00a0 Hollywood literally means \u2018wood of holly trees\u2019, from Old English holegn<\/em> + wudu.\u00a0 <\/em>The original -hede<\/em> would probably come from the Old English heafod<\/em>, which could mean \u2018headland\u2019 but, as the hamlet lies at the top of Hollywood Road, it is more likely that it would mean just \u2018end, top\u2019 of the road.\u00a0 This meaning would fit with the later and modern rendering of Hollywood End, again meaning \u2018end or top of Hollywood Road\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLLYWOOD PARK<\/strong> is a 4.9-hectare public park in Edgeley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally the grounds of Hollywood House<\/em>, a country house built in the late 18th<\/sup> or early 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The house itself was demolished in 1897 but the grounds were opened to the public in 1893.\u00a0 The name is taken from the holly <\/em>that is common in much of Greater Manchester<\/strong> and which is celebrated in so many place names.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLME BROOK <\/strong>and HOLME CLOUGH\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Holme Brook is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises in West Yorkshire<\/strong> in the Peak District <\/strong>National Park and flows west through Holme Clough to join Greenfield<\/strong> Brook, which then goes on to meet the Tame.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1468 as Holme-clogh-hede<\/em>, meaning \u2018the head (Old English h<\/em>\u0113afod<\/em>) of the deep valley (Old English cl\u014dh<\/em>) with river meadows (Old Scandinavian holmr<\/em>, \u2018raised ground in a marsh, river meadow\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLT LANE END<\/strong> is a residential area on the edge of Failsworth<\/strong> at the end<\/em> of Holt Lane<\/em> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1865, when the Macedonia Church established a Sunday School there.\u00a0 The origin of the name is uncertain.\u00a0 One theory is that Holt Lane is named after David Holt<\/em> (c.1764-1846), who may have built a cotton mill near Failsworth at the end of the 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 However, no cotton mills are shown on 19th<\/sup>-century maps of the area and the presence of Holt Lane Farm confirms that it was still a rural area.\u00a0 According to the second theory, the name is derived from the Old English holt<\/em>, meaning \u2018wood, thicket\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLTS <\/strong>is a residential area south-east of Oldham<\/strong>, east of the River Medlock<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is said that the area is named after the Holt<\/em> family, who were landowners in the area from the 17th<\/sup> century and who may have been related to the Holts of Rochdale<\/strong>, who purchased property in Spotland<\/strong> and Naden<\/strong> in the 1530s.\u00a0 In the 19th<\/sup> century they owned Holts Mill, which processed cotton waste for explosives.\u00a0 The mill closed in 1918 and the Holts estate was built in the 1950s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLT TOWN<\/strong> is an inner-city area of eastern Manchester<\/strong> within a bend on the River Medlock<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from David Holt <\/em>(c.1764-1846), who established a complex of mills and workers\u2019 housing in 1785 in what was then a rural area.\u00a0 Holt went bankrupt but the name Holt Town persisted.\u00a0 Holt Town is now planned as a regeneration area by the City of Manchester<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOME <\/strong>is an arts centre with cinemas and theatres close to Manchester<\/strong> city centre, opened in 2015.\u00a0 Before the opening, a survey was carried out to choose a name and the results showed that \u2018Home<\/em><\/a>\u00a0<\/em>was a word which recurred often when people were asked what the new organisation should be \u2013 a second home, somewhere you feel at home, the home of great work\u2019.\u00a0 Outside is a statue of Friedrich Engels (1820-1895) to commemorate his contribution to exposing \u2018The Condition of the Working Class in England\u2019, a book he wrote in Manchester in 1842-1844.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HONKSFORD BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises north of Mosley Common<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and flows south-west to join Ellenor Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented.\u00a0 One possibility is that it is an eponym, taking its name from a ford<\/em> on land owned by someone called Honk<\/em>, but this cannot be confirmed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOOLEY BRIDGE<\/strong> is a small village on the banks of the River Roch<\/strong> near Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but it is clear that the village takes its name from a bridge over the Roch that dates back at least as far as 1718.\u00a0 However, an earlier document refers to Wooley Bridge<\/em>, which was repaired in about 1635.\u00a0 There are several places named Wooley or Woolley and it is said that the name usually means \u2018wolves\u2019 wood or clearing\u2019, from Old English wulfa <\/em>(\u2018of wolves\u2019) + –l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018wood or clearing\u2019).\u00a0 Wolves are generally thought to have become extinct in England by about the start of the 16th<\/sup> century, and the last were found in the forests of Lancashire<\/strong> and the Derbyshire<\/strong> Peak District<\/strong>, so that wolves might well have been found in the Roch valley in mediaeval times.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOOLEY HILL<\/strong> is a locality in Audenshaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but it is recorded in 1795 as a village where several people were employed in hat manufacture, and various mills and factories were established in the 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The origin of the name is not clear but it is possible that it is an eponym as the family name Hooley<\/em> was quite common in Lancashire <\/strong>and Derbyshire<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOOTEN GARDENS <\/strong>is modern residential area on the south-eastern edge of Leigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Hooten Lane<\/em>, which was formerly called Lancashires Lane after a local family.\u00a0 The derivation of Hooten is undocumented but it would seem to be a variation of Houghton, meaning \u2018farm on a spur of a hill\u2019, from Old English h<\/em>\u014dh<\/em> + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOPE<\/strong> is a locality in Eccles<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded as Le Hope<\/em> in the 13th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It is taken from the Old English hop<\/em>, meaning \u2018a remote valley\u2019 and indeed Gilda Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the Irwell<\/strong>, flows through the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOPE MILL THEATRE<\/strong> is located in the Ancoats <\/strong>area of the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is situated in Hope Mill, a cotton and fustian mill originally built in 1824 by Joseph Clarke and said to have been named after his wife, Anne Hope<\/em> Ames.\u00a0 The mill was derelict by the mid-20th<\/sup> century but was then redeveloped as a heritage site and reopened as Hope Mill Theatre in November 2015.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

HOPWOOD <\/strong>is a suburb of Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1278 as Hopwode <\/em>and is thought to mean \u2018wooded valley\u2019 or \u2018wood in a valley\u2019, derived from Old English hop<\/em> (\u2018remote valley\u2019) + wudu<\/em> (\u2018wood, forest\u2019).\u00a0 Hopwood is located in Hopwood Clough, which is just such a wooded valley.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HORRIDGE BROOK <\/strong>is (or was) a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The stream rises in Farnworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong> and flows east and north-east for 424 metres to meet the Irwell near Prestolee<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the mid-19th<\/sup> century but it may mean \u2018brook by the muddy ridge\u2019 from Old English horu<\/em> (\u2018dirt, filth\u2019) + ric<\/em> (\u2018narrow ridge\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HORROCKS <\/strong>is an area of Manchester<\/strong> north-east of the city centre, west of the River Irk<\/strong>.\u00a0 At one time it was divided between Great Horrocks and Little Horrocks, but only Great Horrocks appears on modern maps.\u00a0 The name is found first in 1836 with the opening of Dolphin public baths in Horrocks in Red Bank<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is said to come from Old English hurrock<\/em>, meaning \u2018a piled-up heap of loose stones or rubbish\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HORROCKS\u2019 FLASH <\/strong>is a small man-made lake near Platt Bridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> that forms one of the seven \u2018flashes\u2019 of Wigan Flashes Nature Reserve.\u00a0 <\/strong>The flashes were all formed by mining subsidence at the beginning of the 20th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Horrocks\u2019 Flash was used for waste tipping until the late 1980s but was then redeveloped and was opened as part of Wigan Flashes Nature Reserve in 2022.\u00a0 The origin of the name is uncertain and is not recorded on maps until about 1950.\u00a0 It has been said that Horrocks\u2019 Flash was named after a local fisherman but it is more likely that Horrocks<\/em> was a local landowner.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HORROCKS FOLD<\/strong> is a hamlet in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, north of Sharples <\/strong>and on the edge of the Pennine moors.\u00a0 It takes its name from Horrocks Fold Farm<\/em>, which probably dates from the early 17th<\/sup> century, which comes from the Old English hurrock<\/em>, meaning \u2018a heap of stones\u2019, probably referring to the sandstone found in the quarries nearby.\u00a0 The name is shared with Horrocks Wood on the slopes of Winter Hill<\/strong>, and Horrocks Scout, a promontory on Smithills<\/strong> Moor.\u00a0 Scout <\/strong>comes from the Old Norse skiitt<\/em>, meaning \u2018jutting rock\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HORWICH <\/strong>is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, some 24 kilometres north-west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is found in 1221 as Horewic<\/em>, from the Old English h<\/em>\u0101r <\/em>(\u2018grey, hoary\u2019) + wice<\/em> (\u2018wych elm\u2019).\u00a0 The area was forested in mediaeval times, so that Horwich would mean \u2018the place of the grey wych elms\u2019.\u00a0 An alternative derivation is the Old English horu<\/em> + w<\/em>\u012bc<\/em>, meaning \u2018dirty farm\u2019, perhaps because of the dark, peaty streams coming off the moors.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOSKER\u2019S NOOK <\/strong>is a residential area of Westhoughton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1841 as Hoscars Nook farm and is said to be named after the Hosker<\/em> family \u2013 Richard Hosker and Nicholas Hosker were both resident in the area in 1664 and 1678 respectively.\u00a0 Nook<\/em> comes from the Middle English n<\/em>\u014dk<\/em>, meaning \u2018a nook of land, especially a triangular plot\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOUGH END <\/strong>is a locality bordering Chorlton-cum-Hardy<\/strong> and Withington<\/strong> along Chorlton Brook, which runs through a ravine called Hough End Clough.\u00a0 The name occurs in 1323 as del Hogh<\/em> and with its modern spelling of Hough End<\/em> in 1587.\u00a0 The name comes from the Old English h<\/em>\u014dh <\/em>(\u2018heel of land\u2019) + ende <\/em>(\u2019border, boundary\u2019) + cl<\/em>\u014dh <\/em>(\u2018steep valley, ravine\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOULDSWORTH MODEL VILLAGE<\/strong> was an industrial housing estate in Reddish<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 1863-1865 and named after and by Sir William Henry Houldsworth <\/em>(1834-1917) for the workers at his Houldsworth mill, at the time the largest cotton mill in the world.\u00a0 The area is now undergoing regeneration, retaining the Houldsworth name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOWARTH CROSS <\/strong>is a residential area of Rochdale <\/strong>north-east of the town centre, west of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Howord<\/em> and Haword<\/em> in about 1200 and is believed to be either an eponym derived an Old English or Old Norse personal name, or a topographical name derived from the Old English h<\/em>\u014dh<\/em> (\u2018hill spur, heel of land\u2019) + worth<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019).\u00a0 The original cross is believed to have been erected in about 1645 so that a temporary market could be held there during the \u2018Black Plague\u2019 of Rochdale, but it has long since been built over.\u00a0 Great Howarth is north-west of Howarth Cross.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOWE BRIDGE<\/strong> is a residential area of Atherton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the Howe <\/em>railway bridge<\/em>, which was opened by the London & North Western Railway on 1 September 1864.\u00a0 The settlement was developed in 1873-1875 when the Fletcher coal mining company built a model village near the bridge.\u00a0 The name was standardised in 1901 when the LNWR changed the name of the local station from Chowbent <\/strong>to Howe Bridge.\u00a0 There are two suggestions for the origin on the name.\u00a0 One is that it is an older settlement named Howe, from the Old English h<\/em>\u014dh<\/em> meaning \u2018heel or spit of land\u2019 or Old Scandinavian haugr<\/em> (\u2018hill, mound\u2019).\u00a0 The second, less likely, refers to the construction method of the bridge, which may be a Howe truss, invented by William Howe<\/em> of Massachusetts in 1840.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOYLES PARK<\/strong> is 3.35-hectare public park in the Chesham<\/strong> area of Bury<\/strong>, approximately 2.4 kilometres east of the town centre.\u00a0 It was opened in 1888 on land donated by Henry Whitehead and takes its name from the local Hoyle <\/em>family – Joshua Hoyle (1796-1859) established a firm of cotton manufacturers in Summerseat<\/strong>, while son Isaac Hoyle (1828-1911) inherited the mill and was a Liberal politician and M.P. for Heywood<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HULL BROOK<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that flows out of Castleshaw <\/strong>Lower Reservoir and then flows south-west to join the Tame in Delph<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1843, although the settlement of Hull and Hull Mill, which was presumably powered by water from Hull Brook, are recorded in 1787.\u00a0 Like the city of Kingston upon Hull in the East Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong>, Hull is derived from the Old English hyll<\/em>, meaning \u2018hill\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HULLET HOLE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Douglas<\/strong> which rises east of Shevington<\/strong> Vale in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and flows to meet Calico Brook<\/strong>, which then flows westward to meet the Douglas in Appley Bridge in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but hullet<\/em> is said to mean \u2018owlet\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HULME<\/strong> is an inner-city residential area just south of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1246 as Hulm<\/em>, meaning \u2018an island\u2019, from the Old Norse holmr.<\/em>\u00a0 This refers to its position as an area of raised ground amid the marshes formed by the waters of the rivers Irk<\/strong>, Medlock<\/strong> and Corn Brook<\/strong> that surround it.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HULTON <\/strong>was a district originally consisting of three ancient townships \u2013 Great or Over Hulton, Middle Hulton and Little or Nether Hulton.\u00a0 The name was recorded as Helghton <\/em>and Hulton<\/em> in 1235 but only Over Hulton in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong> and Little Hulton in the City of Salford<\/strong> remain today.\u00a0 The spelling Hilton<\/em> was also used from an early date and this spelling reveals the meaning of the name \u2013 \u2018settlement on a hill\u2019 from Old English hyll<\/em> + t<\/em>\u016bn.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HUMPHREY PARK <\/strong>is a residential area of Urmston<\/strong> in Manchester<\/strong> built in 1937-38.\u00a0 It was built off Humphrey Lane, which is said to have been named after Sir Humphrey<\/em> de Trafford (1808-1886) of Trafford<\/strong> Hall.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HUNDERSFIELD<\/strong> is an area east of Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale <\/strong>that does not usually appear on modern maps.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1202 as Hunnordesfeld<\/em>, meaning \u2018the field of Hunworth\u2019.\u00a0 Hunworth<\/em> is thought to be the name of an old but now lost place in the area, the name of which was formed by the Anglo-Saxon personal name Huna<\/em> + worth<\/em> (\u2018enclosure, enclosed settlement\u2019).\u00a0 Feld<\/em> (\u2018field, tract of land\u2019) was later added to signify it was \u2018the area surrounding Hunsworth\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HUNGER HILL<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0There are several places called Hunger Hill in England and Scotland.\u00a0 In some cases, the name seems to derive from the Old English hungor<\/em>, meaning \u2018hunger, famine\u2019 in reference to a place where animals went hungry because of poor pasture.\u00a0 In other cases, it means \u2018a sloping wood\u2019 from Old English hangra<\/em>.\u00a0 Hunger Hill in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong> is a hill and residential area.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1770 but the origin of the name in this case is disputed, but most sources suggest that the original name was Hanger Hill and that the \u2018sloping wood\u2019 meaning is more likely.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HUNT\u2019S BANK <\/strong>today is a short street beside Victoria Station<\/strong> in Manchester<\/strong> \u2013 all that remains of a district that dates back to the Middle Ages.\u00a0 The origin of the name is uncertain.\u00a0 It is certain that a Hunt<\/em> family lived in the area from the 14th<\/sup> century and later built Hunt Hall<\/em>.\u00a0 The area may also have been the location of older hunting<\/em> grounds, which could be the original derivation.\u00a0 The \u2018Bank\u2019 refers to the steep banks<\/em> of the River Irwell<\/strong> at this point, and it was here that the Mersey and Irwell Navigation terminated in 1724.\u00a0 In 1843, the Liverpool & Manchester Railway extended its line into central Manchester and built a new terminus that was to have been called Hunt\u2019s Bank, but the station -name was changed to Victoria <\/strong>in honour of the Queen.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HURST <\/strong>is a suburb and parliamentary constituency in Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside <\/strong>which was formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Hurst here is derived from the Old English hyrst<\/em>, meaning \u2018wooded hill\u2019.\u00a0 Hurst in Ashton-under-Lyne lies on high ground above the River Medlock<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HURST CROSS <\/strong>is a small area of Hurst <\/strong>in Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> and also the home of Ashton United football club\u2019s stadium since 1879.\u00a0 A large stone cross<\/em> was erected there 1868 but the name apparently pre-dates this and probably comes from its position around a crossroad<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HURSTEAD<\/strong> is a residential area of Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale.\u00a0 <\/strong>It is recorded from the 13th<\/sup> century as Housetedes<\/em>, meaning \u2018a homestead, the site of a building\u2019, from the Old English h<\/em>\u016bs<\/em> (\u2018house\u2019) + stede<\/em> (\u2018place, site\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HURSTHEAD <\/strong>is a residential area of Cheadle Hulme<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1831 as Hirsthead<\/em>, but the name is probably older, coming from the Old English hyrst <\/em>(\u2018wooded hill\u2019) + h\u0113afod<\/em> (\u2018headland\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HYDE<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, 10 kilometres east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the early 13th<\/sup> century as Hida<\/em> and comes from the Old English h<\/em>\u012bd<\/em>, meaning \u2018one hide of land\u2019, i.e. the amount of ploughed land that could support one family or household (estimated at about 50 hectares).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
I<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
IMPERIAL WAR MUSEUM <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford <\/strong>overlooking the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> is the northern branch of the Imperial War Museum.\u00a0 The museum was originally opened in London in 1920 and the name \u2018Imperial\u2019 was chosen to reflect the contribution to World War I of all countries of what was then the British Empire.\u00a0 Imperial War Museum North opened in July 2002 in a building designed by the Polish-Jewish architect Daniel Libeskind, who envisaged it as a \u2018constellation of three interlocking shards\u2019 representing a shattered globe.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u201cIMPOSSIBLE BRIDGE\u201d <\/strong>See <\/em>COLLYHURST FOOTBRIDGE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
INCE-IN-MAKERFIELD<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0There are several places call Ince<\/em> in Britain, all derived from the Celtic ynys<\/em> meaning \u2018dry land, island\u2019.\u00a0 In order to distinguish them, some have been given a second name.\u00a0 Ince-in-Makerfield is a suburb of Wigan<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan and the name simply means that this Ince is part of neighbouring Makerfield<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded as Ines<\/em> in 1202 and Ins in Makerfield<\/em> in 1332.\u00a0 The \u2018dry land\u2019 refers to its position above Ince Brook, a tributary of the River Douglas<\/strong>, and the surrounding swamp.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River IRK<\/strong> is a tributary of the Irwell<\/strong> that rises east of Royton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham and then flows west to Rawtenstall in Lancashire<\/strong>, before flowing south to join the Irwell in the centre of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as the Irk <\/em>in 1322.\u00a0 The origin of the name is unclear but it may be related to the Irwell and mean \u2018the angry or winding little river\u2019 from the Old English irre<\/em> (\u2018angry, wandering, winding\u2019) + –uc <\/em>(\u2018little\u2019).\u00a0 An alternative suggestion is that it comes from the Celtic iwrch <\/em>meaning \u2018roebuck\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
IRLAM<\/strong>\u00a0is a suburb of the City of Salford<\/strong> that lies on the north bank of the River Irwell <\/strong>at its confluence with the River Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in about 1190 as Urwelham<\/em> or Irwellham<\/em>, meaning \u2019village by the River Irwell\u2019, from the Old English irre<\/em> (\u2018angry, wandering\u2019) + wella<\/em> (\u2018stream\u2019) + h<\/em>\u0101m<\/em> (\u2018village, homestead\u2019).\u00a0 This original form of the name makes its location by the river clear, but some transparency was lost by 1574, when the name had been reduced to Irelam<\/em>.<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

IRLAMS O’ TH’ HEIGHT <\/strong>is a suburb of the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name seems to have developed in two stages.\u00a0 A village called the Height<\/em> (Old English h\u0113ah + th<\/em>) is recorded in 1180 in the parish of Eccles<\/strong> on high ground above Pendleton.<\/strong>\u00a0 Then, in the 17th<\/sup> and 18th<\/sup> centuries, the Pack Horse Inn in the village was run by members of the Irlam<\/em> family, so that the area became known as Irlams o\u2019 th\u2019 Height<\/em>, i.e. Irlams on the Height.\u00a0 The name was maintained during the 19th<\/sup> century as the village was occupied by handloom weavers and standardised when the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway opened Irlams o\u2019 th\u2019 Height station in 1888.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River IRWELL <\/strong>is the most important tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises near Bacup in Lancashire<\/strong> and meanders 63 kilometres south-west to join the Mersey at Irlam<\/strong>.\u00a0 It flows through the cities of Manchester<\/strong> and Salford<\/strong>, forming the boundary between them.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1190 as the Urewel<\/em>, meaning \u2018winding stream\u2019, from the Old English irre<\/em> (\u2018angry, wandering\u2019) + wella<\/em> (\u2018stream\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ISLINGTON\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>See<\/em> NEW ISLINGTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
J<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JACKSON<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0See<\/em> NEW JACKSON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JACKSON\u2019S BRIDGE<\/strong> is a footbridge over the River Mersey<\/strong> in Sale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 A timber bridge was built in 1816 and this was replaced by a wrought-iron one in 1881.\u00a0 The bridge, and a nearby pub called Jackson\u2019s Boat Inn, take their names from a local farmer called Jackson<\/em> who, in the 1730s, started a ferry service across the Mersey at this point.\u00a0 The area nearby is known as Jackson\u2019s Boat Ees, meaning \u2018the land beside Jackson\u2019s ferry liable to flooding\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JENNY GREEN <\/strong>is an area to the west of Irlam<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1865-66 with the building of St John the Baptist church.\u00a0 The origin of the name is uncertain but may parallel that of the \u2018Spinning Jenny\u2019, invented by James Hargreaves in 1783.\u00a0 The spinning jenny is sometimes said to be named after Hargreaves\u2019 wife or daughters, but none was actually named Jennifer<\/em>.\u00a0 In the same way, Jenny Green may also be eponymous, but no candidate has been identified.\u00a0 A more likely possibility for both the spinning jenny and Jenny Green is that \u2018jenny\u2019 is short for engine<\/em>, and it is known that drainage engines were in use in the area around Irlam <\/strong>and Cadishead<\/strong> in the late 18th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JERICHO <\/strong>is a residential area of Bury<\/strong> that is said to be named after the Biblical city of Jericho <\/em>(Hebrew for \u2018scented, fragrant place\u2019) on the West Bank of the Jordan when John Wesley (1703-1791) preached in Birtle<\/strong> in 1778.\u00a0 There seems to be no documentary of evidence for this, but the local Methodists gave the name to their new chapel in 2003.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JJB STADIUM \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> The BRICK COMMUNITY STADIUM<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JOHN LEIGH PARK<\/strong> is a 5-hectare area of parkland in the Broadheath <\/strong>district of Altrincham<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>. \u00a0Oldfield<\/strong> House and the land on which it stood were purchased in 1916 by John Leigh<\/em> and initially used as a military hospital.\u00a0 In 1917 he donated the land to Altrincham District Council for use as a park in memory of his father.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JOHN RYLANDS LIBRARY <\/strong>is a research institute and library on Deansgate<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was established in 1900 by Enriqueta Augustina Rylands (1843-1908) in memory of her husband, John Rylands<\/em> (1801-1888), who was the largest textile manufacturer in Britain and a great philanthropist.\u00a0 In 1972 it became part of the University of Manchester.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

JOHNSON FOLD<\/strong> is a residential area of western Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is taken from Johnson Fold Farm<\/em>, which dates back to the 17th<\/sup> century, when the Earl of Derby gifted land to the Johnson family.\u00a0 Bolton Corporation bought the farm in the early 1930s and built a housing estate, originally called the Montserrat<\/strong> estate, which was expanded in the early 1950s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JUBILEE <\/strong>is a village in Shaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> which claims to be the only settlement with this name in the UK.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the 19th<\/sup> century – the Jubilee pub was built in 1810 and the Jubilee Colliery was opened in 1845.\u00a0 It is unclear which jubilee is commemorated in the village\u2019s name \u2013 George III was the first monarch to celebrate a jubilee when there were festivities for the 50th<\/sup> year of his reign in 1809, but the term was used more generally before that date and perhaps the village is named for another anniversary.\u00a0 The mine was closed in 1932 and the site has been converted into the Jubilee Colliery Nature Reserve.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JUBILEE MARKET <\/strong>and JUBILEE PARK, Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The original Jubilee Market or Jubilee Fountain Market was built by the Oldham Industrial Co-operative Society in 1888 and named to commemorate Queen Victoria\u2019s Golden Jubilee <\/em>in 1887.\u00a0 It was announced in 2023 that it would be demolished and the space used to form part of a new 2.2-hectare linear park named Jubilee Park in honour of the Platinum Jubilee<\/em> of Queen Elizabeth II in that year.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JUBILEE PARK<\/strong> is a 4.7-hectare public park in the centre of Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale.<\/strong>\u00a0 It was opened in 1889 and named to celebrate the Golden (i.e. 50 years) Jubilee<\/em> of Queen Victoria<\/strong>\u2019s reign in 1887.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JUMBLES COUNTRY PARK\u00a0<\/strong>is a large country park surrounding Jumbles Reservoir in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name for the area outside Bolton seems to have been in use since at least the mid-19th<\/sup> century, but a reservoir was built and opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 1971.\u00a0 The surrounding area was declared a country park in 1973.\u00a0\u00a0 The name is a corruption of the Old English dumbel<\/em>, meaning \u2018a deep hollow, a ravine\u2019 and describes the valley of Bradshaw<\/strong> Brook, which flows into and out of Jumbles Reservoir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JUMBO<\/strong> is an area of Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1781 and it has been suggested that it may have an exotic origin related to mumbo-jumbo<\/em> or even Jumbo<\/em> the elephant.\u00a0 It actually comes from the Old English jumb<\/em>, meaning \u2018a deep pool in a stream\u2019 and jumbel<\/em> or dumbel<\/em>, meaning \u2018a deep hollow, a ravine\u2019, describing Wince Brook<\/strong>, which flows through the area.<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

JUNCTION<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0See <\/em>MIDDLETON JUNCTION<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
K<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KAY GARDENS <\/strong>is a small public park in central Bury<\/strong>, originally opened in 1908.\u00a0 It commemorates John Kay<\/em> (1704-c.1780-81), the inventor of the flying shuttle which transformed the textile industry, who was born in Walmersley<\/strong>, north of Bury.\u00a0 The park includes a monument to Kay, \u2018whose invention in the year 1733 of the fly shuttle
\nquadrupled human power in weaving\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KEARSLEY<\/strong> is a town on the River Croal<\/strong> where it meets the Irwell<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1187 as Cherselawe<\/em> but the modern spelling can be seen in Kersleie<\/em>, found in about 1220.\u00a0 It means \u2018place where watercress grows\u2019 from c<\/em>\u00e6rse<\/em> (\u2018watercress\u2019) + hl<\/em>\u01e3w <\/em>(\u2018mound\u2019) or l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018clearing, water meadow\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KEMPNOUGH BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong> that runs south-east through Roe Green<\/strong> in Worsley <\/strong>in the City of Salford<\/strong> and flows into the Irwell in Salford.\u00a0 It takes its name from Kempnough Hall<\/em>, a country house dating from the 14th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name means \u2018warrior\u2019s nook\u2019, from Old English cempa (\u2018warrior, champion\u2019) + nough <\/em>(corruption of northern dialect haugh<\/em>, \u2018piece of flat alluvial land beside a river\u2019)\u2019.\u00a0 Kempnough Hall survives and has recently been restored.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KENWORTHY <\/strong>is a residential area of the City of Manchester<\/strong>, west of Northenden<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1286 as Kenworthin<\/em>, meaning \u2018C<\/em>\u0113na\u2019s<\/em> enclosure\u2019, from an Anglo-Saxon personal name + Old English worth <\/em>or worthign <\/em>(\u2018enclosed settlement\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KENYON<\/strong> is a village, partly in Cheshire<\/strong> and partly in Greater Manchester<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1212 as Kenien<\/em>, meaning \u2018Enion\u2019s mound\u2019 from the Celtic cr<\/em>\u016bg<\/em> (\u2018hill, mound\u2019) + the personal name Eni<\/em>\u014dn<\/em>, and referring to a Bronze Age barrow that may have been erected there.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KENYON FOLD<\/strong> is a residential area close to the River Roch<\/strong> south of Bamford<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The place is not well documented before 1765 but it seems likely that it means \u2018the animal enclosure (Old English falod<\/em>) belonging to someone called Kenyon\u2019.\u00a0 The Kenyons<\/em> were a prominent local family and Richard Kenyon, described as \u2018a local farmer\u2019, built a water-powered fulling mill on the Roch at nearby Crimble<\/strong> in 1750.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KERSAL <\/strong>is a suburb of the City of Salford<\/strong>, about 5 kilometres north-west of Manchester <\/strong>city centre.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1142 as Kereshala<\/em>, meaning \u2018the nook where cress grows\u2019, from Old English cerse<\/em> (\u2018watercress\u2019) + halh<\/em> (\u2018nook or corner of land\u2019).\u00a0 The nook would seem to refer to the bend in the River Irwell<\/strong> where Kersal is located.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KICKETY BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong> that rises south of Stretford<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> and flows east and then south to empty into the Mersey at Stretford Weir.\u00a0 It gives its name to the 4-hectare Kickety Brook woodland.\u00a0 The origin of the name is uncertain but may derive from Old English cicc<\/em>, meaning \u2018bend\u2019, or Old Norse kikall<\/em>, meaning \u2018winding\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KILN GREEN <\/strong>is a village to the east of Diggle<\/strong>, formerly<\/strong> in Saddleworth<\/strong> in West Yorkshire<\/strong> but now administered as part of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1785 and its origin is also undocumented, but it could literally mean \u2018a kiln<\/em> on or beside the village green<\/em>\u2019.\u00a0 Cyln <\/em>was an old English word for a furnace that could be used for making many things \u2013 bread, lime, bricks, flax, etc.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KING GEORGE\u2019S FIELD <\/strong>is a 6-hectare playing ground in Woodbank Memorial Park<\/strong> in Offerton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The land was acquired by Stockport council in 1937 and named to commemorate the Silver Jubilee of King George<\/em> V in 1936.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KINGSTON<\/strong> is a residential area with an industrial estate west of Hyde<\/strong> and close to the River Tame<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The place is recorded in 1748 and was established at about that time by Major Edward Hyde Clarke (1716-1776), who had inherited Hyde Hall.\u00a0 He and the family of his wife, Elizabeth Guthrie Haughton, had slave-operated estates in Jamaica, and this area of what was then Cheshire<\/strong> reminded them of Jamaica.\u00a0 Consequently, they named the settlement after Kingston<\/em> in Jamaica, which had been named in 1692 after King <\/em>William III (reigned 1689-1702).\u00a0 Several streets in the area and a bridge over the Tame are named after Captain Clarke and his family.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KINGSWAY RETAIL PARK <\/strong>and KINGSWAY BUSINESS PARK<\/strong> are commercial developments south-east of Rochdale <\/strong>town centre.\u00a0 Both take their names from Kingsway<\/em>, a nearby major road that, together with Queensway, was built in the early 1930s and named after the reigning monarch \u2013 King<\/em> George V.\u00a0 Kingsway Business Park is one of the sites of Atom Valley<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KIRKHAMS <\/strong>is a suburban area of Whitefield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are several places with similar names in Lancashire<\/strong> and West Yorkshire<\/strong>, all meaning \u2018church village\u2019, derived from the Old Norse kirk<\/em> + Old English h<\/em>\u0101m<\/em>.\u00a0 Kirkhams in Bury is recorded in 1485 as part of the Manor of Prestwich<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KIRKHOLT<\/strong> originated as a rural hamlet, shown on the 1851 Ordnance Survey map west of Balderstone<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 In 1945 German prisoners of war built the largest housing estate in Rochdale in the area around Kirkholt.\u00a0 The name means \u2018the church in the wood\u2019, suggesting a Scandinavian origin:\u00a0 Old Norse kirkja<\/em> (\u2018church\u2019) + Old English holt<\/em> (\u2018wood\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KIRKLEES BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell <\/strong>that rises on Holcombe<\/strong> Moor north of Hawkshaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> and flows 10.5 kilometres south-east to meet the Irwell in Woodhill<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name means \u2018church meadows\u2019 from the Old Norse kirkja<\/em> + Old English l\u0113ah<\/em>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Kirklees Priory<\/em> in West Yorkshire<\/strong>, which is recorded in 1275 as Kyrkeleys<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KIRKMANSHULME <\/strong>is an area of eastern Manchester<\/strong> close to the city centre that was once part of Newton Heath<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1292 as Kyrdmannesholm<\/em>, but this is thought to be a misspelling for something like Kyrkmannesholm<\/em>, meaning \u2018raised land belonging to a churchman\u2019, from Old Norse kirkja<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a church\u2019) + Old English mann<\/em> (\u2018person, man\u2019) + Old Norse holmr<\/em> (‘island, raised land in marsh’). \u00a0It has been suggested that the land may have belonged to Manchester parish church in Saxon times.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KISSING ROCKS\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> WAIN STONES<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KITCLIFFE RESERVOIR <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale <\/strong>is one of the six reservoirs in the Piethorne <\/strong>Valley built in the 1870s to supply water to Oldham – <\/strong>Ogden<\/strong><\/a>, <\/strong>Kitcliffe<\/strong><\/a>, <\/strong>Piethorne<\/strong><\/a>, <\/strong>Hanging Lees<\/strong><\/a>, <\/strong>Rooden<\/strong><\/a>,<\/strong> and Norman Hill<\/strong><\/a>.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name is taken from Kitcliffe Farm<\/em>, one of the few farms that was not demolished or flooded at the time of construction.\u00a0 The farm appears on the first Ordnance Survey maps of the 1840s and is probably an eponym:\u00a0 the hillside farm belonging to someone called Kit<\/em> or Christopher<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KITT GREEN <\/strong>is a suburb of Wigan<\/strong>, west of the town centre.\u00a0 It is said that the name dates from the 17th<\/sup> century and is believed to derive from a shortening of Christopher<\/em>.\u00a0 Other places named \u2018Kit\u2019 \u2013 for example, Kitt\u2019s Green in Birmingham and St Kitt\u2019s in the West Indies \u2013 are derived from Christopher<\/em> and date from the 15th<\/sup> to 17th<\/sup> centuries.\u00a0 An alternative derivation might be Middle English kite<\/em>, referring to the bird of prey which can be found in north-west England.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KITT\u2019S MOSS <\/strong>is a residential area of Bramhall<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1777 and by 1831 it is shown as Kits Moss<\/em>, an area inhabited by textile workers.\u00a0 However, earlier court records dating from 1632 refer to Kitts Moor.\u00a0 The name is presumably an eponym \u2013 Kit is short for Christopher, <\/em>but nothing is known of him.\u00a0 Moss<\/em> is an Old English word for \u2018bog, swamp, moor\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KNIGHT\u2019S BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises near Bag Lane<\/strong> in Atherton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and flows south-west to meet Hindsford<\/strong> Brook and ultimately flows into the River Glaze, the Manchester Ship Canal <\/strong>and the River Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is culverted for much of its length but its name survives in the Knightsbrook housing estate in Atherton.\u00a0 The name is said to derive from the mediaeval ownership status of Atherton, meaning that the knight<\/em> holding the Atherton manor had to provide military service to the Barony of Warrington.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KNOLL HILL<\/strong> is a 420-metre hill near Naden<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1771 as Knowle Top<\/em> and is derived from Old English cnoll<\/em>, meaning \u2018knoll, hillock\u2019.\u00a0 The addition of Hill<\/em> is reduplication as the meaning would be \u2018hill hill\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KNOTT LANES<\/strong> is a rural area with farms close to Daisy Nook Country Park<\/strong>, south-west of Bardsley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1617 as a division of the parish of Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong>.\u00a0 Knott<\/em> is probably derived from Old Norse knott<\/em>, meaning \u2018rocky hill\u2019, or Middle English knot<\/em>, \u2018a hill\u2019.\u00a0 The lanes<\/em> refer to the country roads to the west of the main Ashton-Oldham Road, which are still called ‘Knott Lanes\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KNOTT MILL<\/strong> is an area of central Manchester<\/strong> that is currently scheduled for regeneration.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1509 when a miller by the name of Knott <\/em>built a water-powered corn mill on the site.\u00a0 The area became the Manchester terminus of the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong> in 1764 and industrial development followed.\u00a0 Knott Mill had been converted to a textile mill by 1809.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KNOWL MOOR <\/strong>is a hill on the moors outside Rochdale<\/strong> that is popular for hiking and walking.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is said to come from Old English cnoll<\/em>, meaning \u2018knoll, hillock\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KNOWLS LANE <\/strong>or KNOLLS LANE <\/strong>is a hamlet north-east of Holts<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Knowls Lane farmhouse dates from the early 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Knowls <\/em>or Knolls<\/em> is probably derived Old from English cnoll<\/em>, meaning \u2018knoll, hillock\u2019, and Lane<\/em> refers to Knowls Lane, which connects Grotton <\/strong>and Lees<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KNUTSFORD VALE <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> NUTSFORD VALE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KNUTSHAW BRIDGE <\/strong>is a small residential area south-west of Deane<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1285 as Noteschaw<\/em> but the spelling Knutshaw<\/em> with a K seems to be much later, perhaps as late as the 20th<\/sup> century.\u00a0\u00a0 The bridge carries the road north-west from Manchester<\/strong> over Knutshaw Brook, a tributary of the River Croal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The straightforward meaning would seem to be \u2018copse of nut-bearing trees\u2019, from Old English hnutu\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018nut; nut-bearing tree\u2019) + sceaga <\/em>(\u2018copse\u2019), but it has also been suggested that the first element may be an eponym from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Hnotta<\/em>.\u00a0 The spelling with K has given rise to the suggestion that the personal name may have been Knut<\/em>, i.e. Cnut or Canute, although it is not claimed that there is any connection with King Canute himself.\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

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L<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LADYBARN<\/strong> is a suburb of south Manchester<\/strong>, east of Withington<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded on maps of 1820 as Lady Barn Lane and Lady Barn House.\u00a0 Urban development had begun by the middle of the century and an independent school was established with the name in 1873.\u00a0 It is likely that Ladybarn refers to a barn <\/em>where tithes were collected on Lady Day<\/em> (25 March), but it has also been suggested that lady<\/em> may refer to the Virgin Mary as the Abbey of St Mary-in-the-Marsh in Cockersand in Lancashire<\/strong> held land in the Withington area in mediaeval times.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LADYBRIDGE <\/strong>or LADY BRIDGE <\/strong>is a residential area of Cheadle Hulme<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1587 as Ladie Bridge<\/em> and in 1671 as Ladies Bridge<\/em>.\u00a0 The bridge crosses and takes its name from the Lady Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name of the brook changes from the Lady Brook to the Micker Brook<\/strong> at Lady Bridge.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LADYBROOK <\/strong>or LADY BROOK <\/strong>is the name given to a tributary of the Mersey<\/strong> as it passes through Happy Valley<\/strong> in Bramhall<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises as Bollinhurst Brook<\/strong> near Disley in the Derbyshire Peak District<\/strong>, becoming Norbury<\/strong> Brook, Lady Brook, then Micker Brook<\/strong> before joining the Mersey in Cheadle Hulme<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1637 as Lady Brook, but the origin is uncertain.\u00a0 It has been suggested that it is named after a Lady<\/em> Davenport of Bramall Hall<\/strong>, who owned about 2.4 hectares of land in the Ladybrook valley.\u00a0 However, the occurrence of other Catholic names in the area \u2013 Ladybarn Crescent (the barn where tithes were collected on Lady Day) and Ladythorn Road (Our Lady of the Thorns, celebrated on 16 February) \u2013 makes a religious origin more likely.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LADYHOUSE<\/strong> is a residential area of the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> south of Milnrow<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is taken from Lady House<\/em> Farm, which previously occupied the area.\u00a0 \u00a0A painting by Benjamin Charles Brierley (1857-1920) of Lady House shows a stone building, perhaps the farmhouse, with the date 1631 above the door.\u00a0 It is thought that it may be derived from the Old Norse hlatha<\/em>, meaning \u2018storehouse, barn\u2019, rather than any aristocratic or religious use of lady<\/em>. \u00a0Over the years, hlatha<\/em> was rationalised to lady<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LADYWELL<\/strong> is a Metrolink tram stop that takes its name from a hospital in the Weaste<\/strong> area of the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It started in 1851-1852 as a workhouse but was rebuilt in 1890 as a hospital and training school for nurses.\u00a0 Today it forms part of Salford Royal hospital.\u00a0 The original hospital was endowed by the local de Trafford family and named after the Ladywell<\/em> shrine, a 17th<\/sup> century house and chapel with the Holy Well of our Lady in the grounds.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LAITHWAITE <\/strong>is a residential area of west Wigan.\u00a0 <\/strong>It is recorded in about 1200 as Leikeththeit<\/em> and Leikestheith<\/em>, meaning \u2018barn on or near a forest clearing\u2019, from the Old Norse hlatha<\/em> (\u2019barn\u2019) + thwaite<\/em> (\u2018meadow, forest clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LAMBERHEAD GREEN <\/strong>is a residential and recreational area of Orrell <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan <\/strong>on the border between Orrell <\/strong>and Pemberton<\/strong> and between Upholland in Lancashire<\/strong> and Wigan in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1519 as Londmerhede<\/em>, from the Old English land-gemaere<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018boundary\u2019) + heafod\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LANCASHIRE<\/strong> is a county in north-western England that until 1974 included much of what is now Greater<\/strong> Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1140 as honor de Lancastre<\/em> and as Lancastre-shire<\/em> in the 14th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name combines the city of Lancaster<\/em> (Roman c<\/em>\u00e6ster<\/em> or fort on the River Lune<\/em>) with Old English sc<\/em>\u012br<\/em> (\u2018shire, district\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LANCASHIRE BRIDGE<\/strong> is a road bridge across the River Mersey<\/strong> in Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally built in 1282 to carry the old Roman Road between Manchester<\/strong> and Buxton across the river from Lancashire<\/em> into Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was demolished in 1745 to hinder Bonnie Prince Charlie\u2019s Jacobite army as they marched south from Tiviot Dale<\/strong> to Derby.\u00a0 It was rebuilt in 1748 and replaced by the current bridge in 1891.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LANCASHIRE HILL <\/strong>is a residential and commercial area of Reddish<\/strong>, north of Stockport<\/strong> town centre.\u00a0 It is named because it is a hill on the Lancashire<\/em> side of the River Mersey<\/strong>, traditionally the boundary between Cheshire<\/strong> and Lancashire.\u00a0 The name is not well documented and it is not clear when the name was first used.\u00a0 Its modern development dates from the building in 1793-1797 of Stockport Canal, which branched south from the Ashton <\/strong>Canal at Clayton<\/strong> and terminated at the top of Lancashire Hill.\u00a0 This led to the building of factories, mills and housing in the early 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It was developed further in the late 1960s as a high-rise housing estate.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

LAND GATE <\/strong>or LANDGATE <\/strong>is a village north of Bryn<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 Although the name is recorded in 1212, it is not well documented or analysed.\u00a0 The \u2018gates\u2019 of Wigan are mediaeval roads leading out of the town, derived from the Old Norse gata<\/em>, meaning \u2018road, street\u2019.\u00a0 Land Gate is close to the old Roman road from Wigan to Warrington and it has been suggested that Land Gate means the road (gata<\/em>) to the rural or agricultural land<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LANDSLOW GREEN <\/strong>is a rural area north-west of Hollingworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 Landslow Green farmhouse dates from early\/mid-18th<\/sup> century but the area is not otherwise well documented.\u00a0 The name is probably derived from old English land<\/em> (\u2018piece of land\u2019) + hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em> (\u2018mound, hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LANE BOTTOM <\/strong>or LANEBOTTOM <\/strong>is a hamlet east of Newhey<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The place is not much documented before 1860, when the Lanebottom Industrial Equitable Pioneers Society was established as an early member of the co-operative movement.\u00a0 The name is quite literal \u2013 the hamlet is located at the bottom<\/em> of Ogden<\/strong> Lane<\/em>, which leads up to the moors of Oldham<\/strong> and West Yorkshire<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LANE END <\/strong>or LANE ENDS\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>There are several places called Lane End or Lane Ends in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is usually literal \u2013 a place (often originally a farm) at the end <\/em>of a lane<\/em> (from the Old English) or at the junction of two lanes.\u00a0 A lane was usually a narrow roadway in a town or, more commonly in Greater Manchester, a rural road leading out of a town or connecting two hamlets or villages.\u00a0 It was less important and less well-built than a \u2018street\u2019, which was the word applied to Roman roads in Greater Manchester (e.g. Stretford<\/strong>).\u00a0 The inclusion of lane as an element in a name often suggests that it is mediaeval in origin, but this was not always popular with upwardly-mobile Victorians \u2013 most of the lanes in Sale<\/strong> were renamed as \u2018roads\u2019 in 1866-70.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LANE HEAD <\/strong>is a residential area south of Lowton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1842, when Lowton Lane Head<\/em> Primitive Methodist Chapel was completed at the junction of Winwick Lane, Newton Road, Kenyon<\/strong> Lane and what is now Church Lane, suggesting that the name was originally Lowton Lane Head, i.e. the place at the start (head<\/em>) of the lane<\/em> to Lowton.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LANE SIDE <\/strong>or LANESIDE <\/strong>is a small residential area on the eastern edge of Crompton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1786 and the meaning is quite literal – a small settlement beside the lanes<\/em> that led (and, in some cases, still lead) up on to Crompton Moor.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LANGLEY<\/strong> is a suburb of Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, approximately 9 kilometres north-east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 There are many places named Langley<\/em> in Britain but Langley in what was then Lancashire <\/strong>is first recorded in 1246 as Langele<\/em>, meaning \u2018a long wood or clearing\u2019 from Old English lang<\/em> (\u2018long\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018wood, clearing\u2019).\u00a0 Langley was developed as a residential area for about 25,000 people by Manchester City Council in the 1950s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LANGTREE<\/strong> is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> that forms the northern portion of Standish<\/strong>-with-Langtree.\u00a0 Although originally separate, they have long been seen as a single settlement.\u00a0 Langtree is recorded in about 1190 as Lonetre<\/em>, meaning \u2018tall or high tree\u2019, from the Old English lang<\/em> + tr<\/em>\u0113o<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LANGWORTHY<\/strong> is a residential area of the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area developed in the last quarter of the 19th<\/sup> century around Langworthy Road, which was built in the 1870s and named in honour of Edward Langworthy <\/em>(1797-1874), a businessman who, with his brothers, owned a cotton mill in Greengate<\/strong> and who also became mayor of Salford and, briefly, a Salford MP.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LARK HILL<\/strong> is a common place name in England and there have been several places with this name in Lancashire<\/strong>, Yorkshire<\/strong> and Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Lark Hill in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan <\/strong>is a 21st<\/sup>-century housing development south-west of Astley.\u00a0 <\/strong>It takes its name from Lark Hill House<\/em>, a large house built in 1878 that is now a nursery.\u00a0 Assuming that the name goes back no further than 1878, it would seem to be aspirational, evoking birdsong on a hillside.\u00a0 Places elsewhere which date back to mediaeval times are derived Old English lawerce\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018lark.\u2019) + hyll.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LAST DROP VILLAGE <\/strong>is a retail and hotel complex in Bromley Cross<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is clustered around a number of 17th<\/sup> century farm buildings originally called Orrell<\/strong> Fold in the Manor of Turton<\/strong>.\u00a0 These were purchased in 1963 and given the name \u2018Last Drop\u2019.\u00a0 The name has given rise to some fanciful suggestions \u2013 that the last drop refers to execution by hanging or punishment by ducking \u2013 but the reality is more prosaic:\u00a0 friends offered the new owner the last drop from a bottle of wine when he bought the farm and the name was applied to the development.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LEAD MINE CLOUGH <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong> which rises south-east of Lydgate<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows north-west to meet Lydgate Clough, which goes on to join the Roch in Calderbrook<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 Presumably the stream takes its name from a local lead mine, but, unlike Lead Mines Clough, a tributary of the River Yarrow in Chorley in Lancashire<\/strong> which has a well-documented history of lead mining in the 17th<\/sup> and 18 centuries, there seems to be little record of lead mining south-east of Littleborough<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LECTURERS CLOSES <\/strong>is a residential and industrial in central Bolton<\/strong>, close to the site of the parish church, where there has been a church since Anglo-Saxon times.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but seems to have religious connotations derived from words with meanings which are now largely obsolete:\u00a0 from the 16th<\/sup> century a lecturer <\/em>was an assistant Anglican preacher, and a close <\/em>was a precinct or cloister of a religious building, a term dating from the mid-15th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LEE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises north of Castleshaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>and flows south-west through Lee Clough into Castleshaw Upper Reservoir.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but may be taken from a local farm as the literal meaning is \u2018stream running by or through a clearing\u2019 (l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em>), a pattern found elsewhere in Greater Manchester<\/strong> (see<\/em> Hall Lee Brook<\/strong>, Oaken Lee Brook<\/strong>, Pigs Lee Brook<\/strong>, Tack Lee<\/strong> Brook<\/strong>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LEES<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1604 as the Leese<\/em>, which is usually said to mean \u2018woods or woodland clearings\u2019, from the plural of Old English l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018wood, clearing\u2019).\u00a0 However, another theory is that it is named after John de Leghes<\/em>, the 14th<\/sup>-century Lord of the Manor.\u00a0 To the north-west is Leesbrook (i.e. the clearing beside the brook, which flows into the River Medlock<\/strong> just to the south), Leesfield (i.e. beside open country), and to the south-west is Nether Lees (i.e. Lower Lees).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LEESBROOK \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> LEES<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LEESFIELD\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> LEES<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LEIGH <\/strong>is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 Until 1974 it was part of Lancashire<\/strong> and it shares its name with other towns in England as well as numerous places ending in –leigh<\/em>, –ley<\/em>, –ly<\/em> or –le<\/em>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1276 as Legch<\/em> and is derived from the Old English l\u0113ah<\/em>, meaning ‘wood, clearing or meadow’.\u00a0 Leigh is distinguished from Westleigh<\/strong> to the west and Astley<\/strong> (i.e. East Leigh) to the east.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LEVENSHULME<\/strong> is a suburb of the City of Manchester<\/strong>, about 5 kilometres south-east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name was recorded as Lewyneshulm<\/em> in 1246 and is probably an eponym meaning \u2018L\u0113ofwine\u2019s mound\u2019.\u00a0 The first element is a personal name L\u0113ofwine, meaning beloved friend\u2019; the second is the Old Norse -holmr<\/em>, meaning \u2019island, elevated ground in a marshy area\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LEVER EDGE <\/strong>is part of the area named Lever<\/em> which consists of several settlements \u2013 Darcy Lever<\/strong>, Great Lever<\/strong>, Lever Edge<\/strong> and Little Lever<\/strong> \u2013 south of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name Lever is recorded in 1212 as Lefre<\/em>, from the Old English lefer<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018rush, reed\u2019), so that the entire area would mean \u2018where the rushes or reeds grow\u2019 on the banks of the Irwell<\/strong> and Croal<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LEVERHULME PARK <\/strong>is a 13.75-hectare public park and nature reserve in Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was donated to the people of Bolton in 1919 by Lord Leverhulme<\/em> (1851-1925), the industrialist, philanthropist, politician and mayor of Bolton, and named after him.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LEY HEY PARK <\/strong>is a residential area west of Marple Bridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1835 and was developed as an up-market residential area with the coming of the railways and the opening of Marple Bridge station in 1862 and Rose Hill<\/strong> Marple in 1869.\u00a0 The name means \u2018pastured enclosure\u2019 from Old English l<\/em>\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2019pasture\u2019) + h\u00e6g<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LEYLAND MILL BROW <\/strong>is an area south of Haigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> beside the River Douglas<\/strong>.\u00a0 Industrial development in the area began in the mid-18th<\/sup> century but it is believed the name comes from John Leyland <\/em>(1832-1883), who acquired or built a cotton mill on the Douglas.\u00a0 The brow (Old English bru<\/em>) is the steep bank that leads up from the river.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LIGHTBOURNE GREEN <\/strong>is a residential area of Swinton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 The name is not well documented and there have been two suggestions as to its origin.\u00a0 It could mean \u2018light or bright stream\u2019, from Old English leoht<\/em> + burna<\/em>, but streams in Greater Manchester are mostly dark brooks and bournes are almost unknown.\u00a0 Alternatively, the area might be named after Robert Lightbourne<\/em>, who is known to have lived and farmed there in the late 17th<\/sup> or early 18th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LIGHT HAZZLES RESERVOIR <\/strong>near Summit <\/strong>in Littleborough <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale <\/strong>was built in 1807 to supply water for the Rochdale Canal but was purchased in 1923 by Rochdale and Oldham <\/strong>Corporations to provide drinking water for the two towns.\u00a0 It takes its name from its source, Light Hazzles Brook<\/em>, which is a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong>, and Light Hazzles Edge<\/em>, a nearby promontory.\u00a0 The name means \u2018few hazel trees\u2019 from Old English lyt<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a little, a few\u2019) + haesel\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018hazel-tree\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LIGHTSHAW MEADOWS <\/strong>is an 18-hectare country park in Abram<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> that was opened in 2010 and now forms one site of the Flashes of Wigan and Leigh<\/strong>.\u00a0 Lightshaw Hall was built in the 16th<\/sup> century and is derived from Old English lihte<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018sparse\u2019) + sceaga <\/em>(\u2018copse\u2019).\u00a0 Lightshaw Hall is still standing and Lightshaw Meadows were shaped by 20th<\/sup>-century mining subsidence.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LILFORD <\/strong>is a residential and recreational area of Leigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is an eponym dating from the early 19th<\/sup> century, when Thomas Atherton Powys (1801-1861), who owned estates at Atherton<\/strong>, inherited the title of Lord Lilford<\/em>.\u00a0 The title was taken from Lilford<\/em> in Northamptonshire, which either means \u2018chattering (Old English lille<\/em>) ford<\/em>\u2019 or \u2018ford named after Lilla<\/em>\u2019.\u00a0 A later Lord Lilford donated the land for Lilford Park, which was opened in 1886 and enlarged in 1915.\u00a0 Lilford Park lends its name to Lilford Park Brook, a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LILY HILL<\/strong> is a residential and countryside area north of Whitefield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0The name is not well documented before 1866, when it was one of six hamlets combined to form the township of Whitefield.\u00a0 The name is thought to be quite literal \u2013 a hill<\/em> covered with lilies<\/em> (Old English lilie<\/em>), reinforcing the suggestion that the meaning of Whitefield is \u2018a field covered with white lilies\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LILY LANES <\/strong>is a farm location between Alt<\/strong> Hill and Hartshead Green<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It lies at the junction of Lily Lane and Twirl Hill<\/strong> Road \u2013 hence the lanes<\/em> element of the name.\u00a0 The first element is said to come from Old English lilie<\/em>, meaning \u2018lily\u2019. \u00a0Hartshead Green farmhouse on Lily Lane dates from the late 17th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LIME FIELD <\/strong>is a recreational and residential area west of Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 Mid-19th<\/sup> century maps suggest that it was an area where there was a lot of lime<\/em> in the fields<\/em>, probably revealing the underlying rock formation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LIMEFIELD<\/strong> is a residential area of Bury <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1843 and could mean \u2018the field with a lime tree\u2019 or \u2018the field spread with lime\u2019.\u00a0 The name seems to originate with a house with a small park, so perhaps the former meaning is more likely.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LIMEHURST <\/strong>is a former village which is now part of Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, but formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1292 and the modern spelling had been adopted by 1422.\u00a0 The name is unlikely to mean \u2018lime forest\u2019 and is more likely to mean \u2018the forest (Old English hyrst<\/em>) within the Lyme\u2019.\u00a0 Lyme<\/em> meant that the place was included in Lancashire proper, as opposed to outlying areas in neighbouring counties.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LIMESIDE\u00a0<\/strong>is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, about 3 kilometres south of the town centre.\u00a0 The area was once occupied by Limeside village and Limeside Farm, probably meaning \u2018the hillside where lime trees grow\u2019, from Old English lim<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018lime\u2019) + side<\/em> (\u2018hillside\u2019).\u00a0 The area was developed in the 1930s with a large housing estate and the 7-hectare Limeside Park.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LINCOLN SQUARE <\/strong>is a public space in the centre of Manchester<\/strong> that was laid out in 1981.\u00a0 In 1986, a statue of American President Abraham Lincoln, which had been erected in Platt Fields<\/strong> in 1919, was moved to Lincoln Square.\u00a0 The plaque misquotes Lincoln\u2019s letter of 1863 to the working men of Manchester, expressing his appreciation for their support during the American Civil War and the resulting \u2018cotton famine\u2019 in Lancashire<\/strong>:\u00a0 \u2018To the working people of Manchester 19th January 1863 \/ I know and deeply deplore the sufferings which the working people of Manchester \/ and in all Europe are called to endure in this crisis\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LINFITTS <\/strong>and LINFITTS SLACK \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>Linfitts is a hamlet north-west of Delph<\/strong> in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Lindthait <\/em>at the end of the 12th<\/sup> century and by 1208 as Lynthwait<\/em>, a spelling that is retained in nearby Lynthwaite<\/em> farm.\u00a0\u00a0 However, the spelling was rationalised to Linfitts<\/em> by the time Lindfitts Mill was built in 1775.\u00a0 The name means \u2018flax clearing\u2019 or \u2018clearing where flax is grown\u2019, from Old Norse or Old English lin<\/em>, meaning \u2018flax\u2019, and Old Norse thwaite<\/em>, meaning \u2018clearing, farm\u2019.\u00a0 The name is an early indicator of the textile industry before flax was supplanted by imported cotton.\u00a0 Linfitts Slack lies to the north-west of Linfitts and takes its name from the Old Norse slakke<\/em>, meaning \u2018shallow depression\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LINGARD\u2019S FOOTBRIDGE <\/strong>is a metal footbridge supported by water pipes over the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong> near Blackmoor<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The bridge seems to be of recent construction but it is uncertain if there were previous bridges at this site.\u00a0 The name ultimately means \u2018flax enclosure\u2019, from the Old English l<\/em>\u012bn<\/em> (\u2018flax\u2019) + Old Norse garthr<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019).\u00a0 However, it is likely that the name is an eponym that was taken from the locational surname of the Lingard<\/em> family, who were major landowners in the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LINNET CLOUGH <\/strong>is a small reservoir west of Mellor<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, formerly in Derbyshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally built in 1793 as a mill pond for Mellor Mill in Marple<\/strong> and it took its name from the clough<\/em> (Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>) or valley of Linnet Brook<\/em>, which empties into the River Goyt<\/strong> east of Marple.\u00a0 Linnet<\/em> is from Old English l<\/em>\u00ednetw<\/em>\u00edge<\/em> or a 16th<\/sup>-century borrowing from Old French linette<\/em>, and is related to modern English linen<\/em>.\u00a0 Linnets were common in Derbyshire in the past as they feed on flax seeds.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LINNYSHAW<\/strong> is a residential area and industrial estate to the east of Walkden<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the second half of the 19th<\/sup> century, when Linnyshaw Colliery was opened in 1865 and Linnyshaw Mills were built in 1874.\u00a0 The name means \u2018small lime wood\u2019, from Old English lind<\/em> (\u2018lime-tree\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse\u2019).\u00a0 The colliery was closed and demolished in 1921, and has now been converted into Linnyshaw Park, while a disused railway line known as the Linnyshaw Loopline has been turned into a walking and cycling route between Little Hulton<\/strong> and Walkden<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LITTLE BOLTON\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>BOLTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LITTLEBOROUGH<\/strong> is a town on the River Roch<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> about 21 kilometres north-east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1577 as Littlebrough <\/em>and means either \u2018little town\u2019 or \u2018little fort\u2019, from the Old English l\u0233tel\u00a0<\/em>+ burh<\/em>.\u00a0 It is thought that there may have been some sort of fortification on the nearby Roman road to Ilkley but there seems to be no record of this.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LITTLE CLEGG <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> CLEGG HALL<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LITTLE HOUGHTON\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> WESTHOUGHTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LITTLE HULTON\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>HULTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LITTLE IRELAND<\/strong> was a slum area south of Manchester <\/strong>city centre around the north end of Oxford Road<\/strong>.\u00a0 Houses originally built in the early 19th<\/sup> century were occupied by large numbers of Irish immigrants who came to work in the expanding textile industry.\u00a0 The area was described by Engels in the early 1840s:\u00a0 \u2018the most horrible spot \u2026 two groups of cottages, built chiefly back to back, in which live about 4,000 human beings, most of them Irish. The cottages are old, dirty, and of the smallest sort, the streets uneven, fallen into ruts and in part without drains or pavement; masses of refuse, offal, and sickening filth lie among standing pools in all directions\u2026.. The race that lives in these ruinous cottages, behind broken windows, mended with oil-skin, sprung doors, and rotten door-posts, or in dark, wet cellars, in measureless filth and stench must surely have reached the lowest stage of humanity.\u2019\u00a0 Much of the area was vacated in 1845-47 to make way for the new Manchester South Junction & Altrincham Railway and its Oxford Road station headquarters.\u00a0 The area was demolished in about 1877.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LITTLE LEVER <\/strong>is part of the area named Lever<\/em> which consists of several settlements \u2013 Darcy Lever<\/strong>, Great Lever<\/strong>, Lever Edge<\/strong> and Little Lever<\/strong> \u2013 south of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name Lever is recorded in 1212 as Lefre<\/em>, from the Old English lefer<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018rush, reed\u2019), so that the entire area would mean \u2018where the rushes or reeds grow\u2019 on the banks of the Irwell<\/strong> and Croal<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LITTLE MOSS<\/strong> is an area of north-west Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was established as a civil parish of Lancashire<\/strong> in 1894 but it is not clear if the name has older roots.\u00a0 Its meaning is literally \u2018little moss\u2019 (\u2018bog, swamp\u2019) and it is one of the many \u2018moss\u2019 place names in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LITTLE PARK <\/strong>is a residential area on the north bank of the River Irk<\/strong> west of Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It dates from the Middle Ages, when it formed one of two \u2018parks\u2019 of Middleton Hall \u2013 the large park was the estate surrounding the hall, probably with deer, while the Little Park<\/em> was its garden.\u00a0 The larger park was sold off from the late 18th<\/sup> century for the development of the town of Middleton.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LITTLE SCOTLAND <\/strong>is located in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, 5 kilometres south of Bolton itself.\u00a0 There are two theories for its derivation.\u00a0 One is that the Wigan<\/strong> section of the Leeds & Liverpool Canal was mostly built by navvies from Aberdeen in the 1780s and the area where they lived became known as Little Scotland<\/em>.\u00a0 Another is that the Earl of Balcarres and Crawford, who was a Scotsman, brought staff from Scotland for his new residence at Haigh <\/strong>Hall, which was built in 1827-1840.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LITTLE WHINNING GULF\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>GREAT WHINNING GULF<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LIVERPOOL ROAD<\/strong> is a disused railway station located on Liverpool Road<\/em>, west of Deansgate<\/strong> in central Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened on 15 September 1830 as the eastern terminus of the Liverpool & Manchester Railway, and can claim to be the oldest surviving railway terminus in the world.\u00a0 It was closed to passengers on 4 May 1844, when the company\u2019s line was extended to the newly-completed Manchester Victoria Station<\/strong>.\u00a0 It remained as a goods depot until 1975 but was sold to Greater Manchester Council in 1978 and converted into what is now the Manchester Museum of Science and Industry, opened in 1983.\u00a0 Liverpool comes from the Old English lifer<\/em> (\u2018thick water\u2019) + p<\/em>\u014dl<\/em> (\u2018pool, creek\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LONDON ROAD STATION<\/strong> was the name of Manchester<\/strong>\u2019s main railway terminus, which had been opened by the Manchester & Birmingham and Sheffield Ashton-under-Lyne & Manchester railways as Store Street<\/strong> in 1842.\u00a0 The name was changed to London Road in 1847 and to Piccadilly<\/strong> in 1960.\u00a0 It took the name from London Road<\/em>, which runs alongside the station to the south west.\u00a0 Although the Romans had built a road from Manchester to Buxton and London<\/em> (what is now the A6), the name is given as Bank Top on maps until 1813.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LONGDENDALE <\/strong>is a valley in the Peak District<\/strong> and was adopted as the name of an urban district in Cheshire<\/strong> in 1936, but was absorbed into the new Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> in 1974.\u00a0 The name was first recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Langedendele<\/em> and means \u2018the long (Old English lange<\/em>-) valley (denu<\/em>) dale (dala<\/em>)\u2019.\u00a0 See also<\/em> MOTTRAM IN LONGDENDALE<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LONGDEN END BROOK <\/strong>is a watercourse that rises near Windy Hill<\/strong> on the boundary between West Yorkshire<\/strong> and the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It flows south-west through Rakewood<\/strong> Valley to Hollingworth Lake<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not recorded before the first Ordnance Survey maps of the area in the 1840s and probably means \u2018brook (Old English br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em>) at the end<\/em> of a long<\/em> valley (Old English denu<\/em>)\u2019, perhaps referring to the point at which the brook emerges from the upper valley on the moors into Rakewood Valley.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LONGFORD PARK <\/strong>is a 22-hectare public park in Stretford<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>, and it also gives its name to an electoral ward of Trafford.\u00a0 <\/strong>The name is first recorded in 1320-1346 as the long<\/em> ford<\/em>, presumably a ford used by those on the Roman road from Chester to Manchester <\/strong>crossing the River Mersey<\/strong> in Stretford.\u00a0 The ford gave its name to a village and to the Longford family, who had lived in the area since the 11th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Their Longford Park estate eventually became the home of John Rylands<\/strong> in 1855, and was sold to Stretford Council in 1911, opening to the public in 1912.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LONGSHAW <\/strong>was a common place name across Lancashire<\/strong>, Yorkshire<\/strong> and Derbyshire<\/strong>, meaning \u2018long or narrow wood\u2019 from Old English lang <\/em>(\u2018tall, long\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018small wood, copse\u2019).\u00a0\u00a0 This Longshaw is a small agricultural and residential area west of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 Neighbouring Longshaw Bottom and Longshaw Common are in the Metropolitan Borough of St Helens in Merseyside<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LONGSHOOT <\/strong>is a suburb of Wigan<\/strong>, east of the town centre.\u00a0 There have been fanciful suggestions for the origin of the name \u2013 it was an area where archers practised shooting their bows and arrows, or where the Parliamentarians set up their cannons to shoot at the Royalists during the Civil War in 1643.\u00a0 The origin is not well documented before 1827 but seems to be a remnant of the mediaeval system of dividing large open fields into smaller strips of various shapes and sizes known as \u2018shoots<\/em>\u2019.\u00a0 In Wigan, Longshoot and nearby Middleshoot may have been part of a large field known as Scholes<\/strong>-Field.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LONGSIGHT <\/strong>is an inner-city area of the City of Manchester<\/strong>, approximately 5 kilometres south of the city centre, formerly known as Grindlow Marsh, which is recorded in 1282 meaning \u2018green hill\u2019, from Old English gr\u0113ne<\/em> + hl\u0101w<\/em>.\u00a0 The Longsight<\/em> name is not well documented but it is usually said that Bonnie Prince Charlie or one of his officers stood outside the Waggon and Horses Inn during the 1745 Jacobite incursion into England, looked towards the city and said that it was a \u2018long sight\u2019<\/em> to Manchester.\u00a0 However, there was already a Longsight Cottage<\/em> in the area, recorded in 1706.\u00a0 It has been suggested that the origin could be Middle English lang <\/em>(\u2018tall, long\u2019) + shote<\/em> (\u2018corner of land, projecting piece of land\u2019) or shut<\/em> (\u2018hillside or slope\u2019).\u00a0 Other sources suggest a date as late as 1843, which coincides with the opening of Longsight station by the Manchester & Birmingham Railway.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

LORD\u2019S BROOK <\/strong>is a stream which rises north-east of Woodhouses<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows approximately .75 of a kilometre south-west through Failsworth<\/strong> into the River Medlock<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name was taken from Lord<\/em> William de Nevill, who held the local manor for King John at the start of the 13th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The brook either flowed through his property or formed a boundary to it.\u00a0 In 1794, Lord\u2019s Brook was diverted under Hollinwood <\/strong>Canal at Crime Lake<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOSTOCK<\/strong> is a residential area of western Bolton<\/strong> in the Croal<\/strong> valley, approximately 20 kilometres north-west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1205 as Lostok<\/em>, meaning \u2018pig-sty farm or hamlet\u2019, from Old English hl<\/em>\u014dse <\/em>(\u2018pig-sty\u2019) + stoc<\/em> (\u2018farmstead, hamlet\u2019).<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

LOW CROMPTON\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>CROMPTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER BREDBURY \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0See<\/em> BREDBURY<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER BROUGHTON\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> BROUGHTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER CHELBURN \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0See<\/em> CHELBURN<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER CRUMPSALL\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> CRUMPSALL<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER DUNISHBOOTH\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> DUNISHBOOTH<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER FOLD<\/strong> is one of a series of hamlets, farmsteads or \u2018folds\u2019 beside the River Spodden<\/strong> north of Spotland<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 Lower Fold is recorded in 1781.\u00a0 A fold<\/em> is a small animal enclosure or farmstead with a few cottages and lower<\/em> refers to its position in the Spodden valley, contrasting with Fold Head, a hamlet higher up the valley in Rossendale.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER GREEN\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> ASTLEY <\/strong>and ASTLEY GREEN<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER HEALEY\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> HEALEY<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER HINDS\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> HINDS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER INCE\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> INCE-IN-MAKERFIELD<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER IRLAM<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> IRLAM<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER KERSAL <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> KERSAL<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER NADEN RESERVOIR \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0See<\/em> NADEN<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER OGDEN\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> OGDEN<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER ROE CROSS\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> ROE CROSS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER RUSHCROFT \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0See<\/em> RUSHCROFT<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER SUMMERSEAT\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>SUMMERSEAT<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER SWINESHAW RESERVOIR \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0See<\/em> SWINESHAW<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER WHITELEY DEAN BROOK <\/strong>rises south-east of Rakewood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and flows north to meet Longden End Brook<\/strong>, which eventually flows into Hollingworth Lake<\/strong>.\u00a0 Whiteley<\/em> was an area north of Spotland<\/strong> that was recorded in about 1255 as belonging to Henry de le Wetelegh<\/em> and in about 1280 as Wytelegh<\/em>, both names meaning \u2018bright or fair (Old English hw<\/em>\u012bt<\/em>) clearing (l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em>)\u2019.\u00a0 The name survived on 19th<\/sup>-century maps as a settlement as well as Whiteley Moor and Whiteley Fold, but then seems to disappear from 20th<\/sup>-century maps.\u00a0 Lower Whiteley was a related settlement to the east which appears on 19th<\/sup>-century Ordnance Survey maps and which gave its name to Lower Whiteley Dean Brook, meaning the stream (Old English br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em>) which flows through the valley (denu<\/em>) near or beside Lower Whiteley\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOW HALL NATURE RESERVE <\/strong>near Platt Bridge <\/strong>is one of the Flashes of Wigan and Leigh<\/strong>.\u00a0 Low or Lowe Hall<\/em> is recorded in 1377 as a country house, its name derived from Old English hl<\/em>\u0101w <\/em>(\u2018hill, mound\u2019).\u00a0 Low Hall colliery began working in 1847 and was finally closed in 1931.\u00a0 The polluted site, with flashes produced by the flooding of<\/p>\n

land which had subsided during underground mining operations, was reclaimed and developed over a period of about 30 years before being designated as a nature reserve in 2009.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

The LOWRY<\/strong> is a theatre and gallery centre in Salford Quays<\/strong> that was opened by Queen Elizabth II on 12 October 2000.\u00a0 It is named after the artist, L S Lowry<\/em> (1887-1986), who was famed for his paintings of industrial buildings and landscapes in Greater Manchester<\/strong> and elsewhere.\u00a0 Many of Lowry\u2019s paintings (see<\/em> Appendix 2) are on now display at the Lowry gallery.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWRY\u2019S STEPS <\/strong>or LOWRY\u2019S FOOTBRIDGE\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>COLLYHURST FOOTBRIDGE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWTON<\/strong> is a residential area south of Leigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, which also gives its name to the outlying area of Lowton Common, Lowton St Mary\u2019s<\/strong> and Town of Lowton.\u00a0 The name is recorded from 1202 as Lauton<\/em> and this is said to mean \u2018hill settlement or farmstead\u2019, from Old English hl<\/em>\u0101w <\/em>(\u2018hill, mound\u2019) + t\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018village, farmstead\u2019).\u00a0 Despite the suggestion of its modern spelling, Lowton sits on a slight hill.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWTON ST MARY\u2019S <\/strong>is a residential area south-east of Lowton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 As Lowton\u2019s population expanded in the 19th<\/sup> century with mine and mill workers, an Anglican church named St Mary\u2019s<\/em> was built in 1859-61, so that the area became known as Lowton St Mary\u2019s.\u00a0 The name was perhaps standardised by the opening of Lowton St Mary\u2019s station by the Wigan Junction Railways in 1884.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LUDWORTH<\/strong> is an area of Marple<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally part of Derbyshire<\/strong>, but was transferred to Cheshire<\/strong> in 1934 and to Greater Manchester<\/strong> in 1974.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Lodeuorth<\/em> but something close to the modern spelling was found in Luddeworthe<\/em> in 1330.\u00a0\u00a0 The name is an eponym meaning \u2018Luda\u2019s enclosure\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Luda <\/em>+ worth<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LUMB BROOK <\/strong>is a short tributary of the River Medlock<\/strong> which rises north of Droylsden<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> and flows north-west to join the Medlock.\u00a0 It means \u2018deep hole in or by a stream\u2019, from Old English Old English lumm<\/em> (\u2018a pool\u2019) + br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em> (\u2018dirty stream\u2019).\u00a0 \u2018Lumb\u2019 is a dialect word that is largely confined to places in West Yorkshire<\/strong>, Greater Manchester<\/strong>, Lancashire<\/strong> and northern Cheshire<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LUMB HOLE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises on the moors north-west of Denshaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It has two short tributaries, Cherry Brook<\/strong> and Brimmy Brook<\/strong>, and it meets the Tame in Denshaw.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but would seem to mean \u2018the stream (Old English broc<\/em>) with or originating in a deep pool (lumb<\/em>) in a hollow (hol<\/em>).\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1786-87, when Lumb Hole Mill was built.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LUZLEY <\/strong>is a village north of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded on 1246 as Luseleg<\/em>, probably from the Old English hl<\/em>\u014dse<\/em> (\u2018pig sty\u2019) + l\u0113ah <\/em>(‘wood, clearing or meadow’).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LUZLEY BROOK <\/strong>is a residential area north-east of Royton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It developed in the early 19th<\/sup> century as a hamlet around the Angel Inn, a pub on the Rochdale<\/strong> turnpike road built in 1810.\u00a0 The hamlet took its name from the nearby stream, which is a tributary of the River Irk<\/strong>.\u00a0 Luzley is usually said to derive from the Old English hl<\/em>\u014dse<\/em> (\u2018pig sty\u2019) + l\u0113ah <\/em>(‘wood, clearing or meadow’), but the Luzley Brook<\/em> is thought to have included a pen for stray cattle rather than pigs.\u00a0 However, the original meaning of hl<\/em>\u014dse<\/em> was probably more general \u2013 simply a shed or a shelter, which could describe a pen for cattle.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The LYCEUM THEATRE <\/strong>is part of a cultural hub housed in the Lyceum Building in central Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally built in 1856 as centre for art, education and literature in the town, and the theatre was added in 1938.\u00a0 The name comes from the Greek lykeion<\/em>, meaning \u2018a centre for gymnastics and philosophy\u2019.\u00a0 It was first adopted in English for the Lyceum Theatre in London in 1765 and lyceums were subsequently built in many English towns and cities.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LYDGATE\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>There are several places called Lydgate across England, including at least two in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is derived from the Old English hlid-geat<\/em>, meaning \u2018swing gate\u2019 \u2013 a gate across a field or road to prevent cattle from straying or perhaps to collect tolls.\u00a0 Lydgate in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldam<\/strong> is recorded from the 16th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Lydgate gives its name to Lydgate Clough, a stream which flows north-west from Lydgate to meet the River Roch<\/strong> in Calderbrook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LYME PARK<\/strong> is a country house and estate owned by the National Trust.\u00a0 It is officially in Cheshire<\/strong> but the postal address is in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1312 as Lyme<\/em> and as parcum de Lyme<\/em> in 1466.\u00a0 The name means \u2018forest\u2019 rather than \u2018lime\u2019, and refers to the ancient forest of Lancashire<\/strong> known as the Lyme, <\/em>which gives its name to Ashton-under-Lyne <\/strong>and Limehurst<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
M<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MACKIE MAYOR <\/strong>is a retail area housed in the last remaining building of Smithfield Market<\/strong> in what is now the Northern Quarter<\/strong> of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The original building was opened in 1858 by Ivie Mackie<\/em> (1805-1873), a Scotsman who was Lord Mayor<\/em> of Manchester in 1857-1860 and whose name is inscribed above the entrance.\u00a0 The old Smithfield Market was closed in 1972 but the Mackie building was preserved.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u201cMADCHESTER\u201d <\/strong>was the nickname given to describe the vibrant Manchester music scene of the late 1980s and early 1990s, much of which centred on the H<\/strong>a\u00e7ienda<\/strong> nightclub in Gaythorn<\/strong> in central Manchester.\u00a0 <\/strong>The term was coined by Philip Shotton and Keith Jobling of Factory Records, and popularised by Factory Records director, Tony Wilson, and the Happy Mondays band with their 1989 album entitled \u2018Madchester Rave On\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MAIDENS\u2019 BRIDGE <\/strong>is a road bridge over Gore Brook<\/strong> in Gorton<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 1737 by George Ryder <\/strong>and is said to have been given its name because replaced a ford and so saved local women from lifting their skirts as they crossed the brook on stepping stones.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MAINE ROAD<\/strong> is a road south of Manchester<\/strong> city centre that runs west of and parallel to Oxford Road<\/strong>.\u00a0 The road gave its name to Manchester City Football Club\u2019s stadium from 1923 to 2003, when it moved to the Etihad<\/strong> stadium.\u00a0 In the mid-19th<\/sup> century the road was called \u2018Dog Kennel Lane\u2019 as it led south to Dog Kennel Farm near Platt Fields<\/strong> where the dogs of the Didsbury<\/strong> Hunt had once been kept.\u00a0 Some adjacent land was purchased by the local temperance society in the early 1870s, but the society felt the name was inappropriate and in 1876 the name \u2018Maine Road\u2019 was adopted in reference to the prohibition laws passed by the U.S. state of Maine<\/em> in 1851.\u00a0 The dog kennels also inspired the name of Dog Kennel Brook, a stream, now largely culverted, which rises in Rusholme<\/strong> and flow south-west, passing close to what is now Maine Road.\u00a0 It then joins Chorlton<\/strong> Brook south of Mauldeth Road<\/strong> and eventually empties into the Bridgewater Canal.\u00a0 <\/strong>The American state of Maine was originally the colonial province of Maine, named in 1622 because of its Atlantic coastline and islands by the maine<\/em>, i.e. the sea.\u00a0 It became a U.S. state in 1820.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MAKERFIELD<\/strong> is a town that was in Lancashire<\/strong> until 1974, but is now divided between the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> in Greater Manchester<\/strong> and the Metropolitan Borough of St Helens in Merseyside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1121 as Macrefeld<\/em>, which is usually interpreted as \u2018open land by walls or ruins\u2019, where Celtic macre<\/em> seems to refer to the ruins of an older settlement in Wigan, but no further details are known.\u00a0 Alternatively, Macre<\/em> could be a Celtic personal name.\u00a0 It gives its name to Ashton-in-Makerfield,<\/strong> Ince-in-Makerfield <\/strong>and Orrell<\/strong>-in-Makerfield.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MAMUCIUM<\/strong> or MANCUNIUM<\/strong> forms part of the Castlefield<\/strong> Urban Heritage Park, which was opened to the public in 1982.\u00a0 It includes the excavated archaeological remains of the Roman fort of Mamucium<\/em>, as well as reconstructions of other parts.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u201cMANC-HATTAN\u201d <\/strong>is a nickname for the regeneration area at the southern area of Deansgate<\/strong> where several skyscrapers have been built in recent years.\u00a0 The term is a portmanteau word from Manc<\/em>hester + Manhattan<\/em> and seems to have been invented by Cale Green<\/strong>-based artist Eric Jackson in his 2019 poster \u2018Manc-hattan \u2013 Just like New York, but so much more charming\u2019.\u00a0 The poster shows skyscrapers towering above the \u2018Peveril of the Peak\u2019 pub in central Manchester<\/strong> (named after Sir Walter Scott\u2019s 1823 novel) and the statue of Prime Minister William Gladstone (1809-1898) in Albert Square<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER <\/strong>is a settlement in north-west England that was historically in Lancashire<\/strong> until 1974, when it became one of the 10 metropolitan boroughs of Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was established in about AD 79 as the Roman fort of Mamucium<\/strong>, a name probably taken from an older Celtic settlement meaning \u2018breast-shaped hill\u2019, from the Celtic mamm<\/em>.\u00a0 The Roman legions abandoned their fort in about AD 410 but by the time of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle at the end of the 9th<\/sup> century, the name had evolved to Mameceaster<\/em>, a hybrid with the Old English ceaster<\/em> (\u2018Roman fort\u2019) added to the Celtic root and a similar spelling of Mamecestre <\/em>was recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1). \u00a0The modern spelling with N rather than M is found from 1480 and was used by Celia Fiennes in 1698 and Daniel Defoe in about 1725.\u00a0 Manchester did not get its first MPs until 1832 and it was granted city status in 1853.\u00a0 At much the same time, the importance of the textile trade led to the nickname of \u201cCottonopolis<\/strong>\u201d.\u00a0 Since 1974 urban regeneration and the emergence of different cultures have seen new place names such as \u2018Madchester<\/strong>\u2019, China Town<\/strong>, Curry Mile<\/strong>, Eastlands<\/strong>, Gay Village<\/strong>, Manc-hattan<\/strong>, Northern Quarter<\/strong>, etc.\u00a0 A 2017 campaign to rename the city \u2018Personchester<\/strong>\u2019 because it was thought to be sexist foundered on its mistaken etymology.\u00a0 Manchester has lent its name to many places in the USA, including Manchester, New Hampshire.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

MANCHESTER AIRPORT<\/strong> is an international airport some 11 kilometres south-west of the city centre.\u00a0 It was originally opened in 1938 and known as Manchester Ringway<\/strong> Airport but the name was changed to Manchester International Airport in 1975.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER ARENA <\/strong>is an entertainment and sporting venue in central Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 1993-95 above Victoria Station<\/strong>, which has four platforms dedicated to traffic to and from the Arena.\u00a0 It has been known by various names relating to company sponsorship:\u00a0 NYNEX (New York New England Exchange) Arena, MEN (Manchester Evening News) Arena, the Phones 4u Arena, and, since 2020, the AO (Appliances Online) Arena.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER CENTRAL STATION\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> GMEX<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER EXCHANGE STATION\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> EXCHANGE STATION<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER MUSEUM OF SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0See<\/em> LIVERPOOL ROAD<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER OXFORD ROAD STATION\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> OXFORD ROAD<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER PICCADILLY STATION\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> PICCADILLY STATION<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER SHIP CANAL <\/strong>is a 58-kilometre man-made waterway linking Manchester<\/strong> with the Irish Sea at Liverpool.\u00a0 It was built in 1887-1893 as the largest and last canal built in Britain.\u00a0 It was opened by Queen Victoria<\/strong> at Mode Wheel<\/strong> on 21 May 1894.\u00a0 It went into decline in the last quarter of the 20th<\/sup> century and the docks at Salford<\/strong> were purchased by Salford City Council from the Ship Canal Company in 1984 and developed as Salford Quays<\/strong>.\u00a0 The current owners of the canal plan to develop its potential for container traffic.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER VICTORIA STATION\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> VICTORIA STATION<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANLEY PARK <\/strong>is a residential area in Whalley Range<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong> and also a small park in the same area.\u00a0 It dates from 1857, when Samuel Mendel (1811-1884), a wealthy ship owner known as the \u2018Merchant Prince\u2019, built Manley Hall<\/em> with 50 rooms and a very good art collection in 32 hectares of gardens and greenhouses.\u00a0 Mendel made his fortune carrying Manchester textiles to India and Australia round the Cape of Good Hope but lost it when the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 gave his competitors a commercial advantage.\u00a0 The estate had to be auctioned and the grounds were used as a pleasure park, but they were gradually sold off for urban development and the house was demolished in 1905.\u00a0 The park is all that remains of the original grounds.\u00a0 The name means \u2018communal wood clearing\u2019, from the old English m<\/em>\u01e3ne<\/em> (\u2018common, belonging to all men\u2019) + l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018woodland clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARIE LOUISE GARDENS <\/strong>is a 2-hectare park between West Didsbury<\/strong> and Northenden <\/strong>in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is named after Marie Louise<\/em> Bagshawe, who was the daughter of Johann Georg Silkenstadt from Bremen in Germany, a wealthy cotton merchant who emigrated to Manchester in about 1865.\u00a0 Marie Louise died in 1891 and the park was donated to the people of Manchester in her memory by her mother, Josephine Helene Silkenstadt.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARK ADDY BRIDGE\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> WODEN FOOTBRIDGE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARKLAND HILL <\/strong>is a residential area west of Bolton<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is found elsewhere in Lancashire dating from the 13th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It would seem to mean \u2018boundary area hill\u2019, from Old English mearc <\/em>(\u2018boundary, border\u2019) + land<\/em> (\u2018tract of land\u2019) + hyll<\/em>, perhaps marking the boundary between farms, villages or parishes.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARLAND<\/strong> is a residential area in north-west Castleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1200 as Merlande<\/em>, meaning either \u2018tract of land by a lake\u2019, from Old English mere<\/em> (\u2018lake\u2019) + land<\/em>, or \u2018boundary land\u2019, from Old English m<\/em>\u01e3re<\/em> (\u2018boundary, border\u2019) + land<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARPLE<\/strong> is a town on the River Goyt<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, about 14 kilometres south-east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 Until 1974 it was part of Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1122 as Merpille<\/em> and with its modern spelling in 1355.\u00a0 The name means \u2018boundary stream\u2019, from Old English m<\/em>\u01e3re<\/em> (\u2018boundary\u2019) + pyll<\/em> (\u2018pool in a river; stream\u2019), referring to the River Goyt, which was traditionally the boundary between Cheshire<\/strong> and Derbyshire<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARPLE BRIDGE<\/strong> is a residential area on the River Goyt<\/strong> north-east of Marple<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the nearby village of Marple<\/strong> but is recorded separately as Marple Bridge in 1685.\u00a0 The bridge over the Goyt which gives the place its name was said to be in need of repair in 1621, so undoubtedly dated from much earlier.\u00a0 It seems that it was repaired but needed replacement by the 1790s.\u00a0 The new bridge was built in 1800 and this is the bridge that stands today, although it was widened in 1930.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARSH GREEN <\/strong>is a suburban area north of Pemberton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was recorded in the 19th<\/sup> century as a village but was developed as a housing estate in the 1950s.\u00a0 The name seems to be quite literal \u2013 a grassy area in marshes north of the Close Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the River Douglas<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARSLAND GREEN <\/strong>is a village west of Astley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> beside the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The name is recorded in the early 17th<\/sup> century as Marsley Green<\/em> and both names are recorded in the second half of the 19th<\/sup> century, but Marsland Green seems to have become the preferred name in the 20th<\/sup>.\u00a0 Marsley<\/em> means \u2018clearing in marshy land\u2019, from Old English mersc<\/em> + l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em>, referring to the local swampland.\u00a0 Green<\/em> refers to the pasture that was used for horses on the Bolton-Leigh<\/strong> turnpike and the Leigh extension of the Bridgewater Canal.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARSLANDS<\/strong> is a village south-west of Diggle<\/strong> in the Saddleworth<\/strong> area of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is an eponym recorded in 1322-23 in reference to Robert de Merslande<\/em>.\u00a0 The name is ultimately derived from the Old English mersc<\/em> (\u2018marsh) + land<\/em> (\u2018land, estate\u2019), suggesting that it was a drained moorland peat bog.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARTINSCROFT<\/strong> is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Warrington in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1332 and is an eponym meaning \u2018Martin<\/em>\u2019s enclosure or small farm\u2019.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 In Greater Manchester<\/strong> today there is a Metrolink tram stop called \u2018Martinscroft\u2019 that was opened on 3 November 2014 and which takes its name from its position on Martinscroft<\/em> Road.\u00a0 Martinscroft Road simply means \u2018the road to Martinscroft\u2019, which lies directly to the west.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARTLAND MILL <\/strong>is an industrial area beside the River Douglas<\/strong> and the Leeds & Liverpool Canal on the edge of Wigan<\/strong>, north-west of the town centre. The name dates back to the 14th<\/sup> century, when Martland<\/em> Manor and its corn mill were first recorded.\u00a0 The name is taken from the Markland<\/em> family, who were a prominent family in the Wigan area in mediaeval times.\u00a0 The mill seems to have gone out of use when the Douglas Navigation was built in 1738-42, cutting off its water supply.\u00a0 The manor house was not demolished until the 20th<\/sup> century, when the land was cleared to make way for Martland Mill industrial estate.\u00a0 Markland is said to derive from Old English mearc <\/em>(\u2018boundary\u2019) + lanu<\/em> (\u2018lane, road\u2019) as this marked the boundary between the parishes of Wigan and Standish<\/strong>.\u00a0 Over time, Markelane<\/em> was rationalised to Martland<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARUS BRIDGE <\/strong>is a residential area of Goose Green<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is taken from a bridge<\/em> in the town carrying the old Roman road from Wigan to Warrington and it has been given to a retail park nearby.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but local sources suggest that the bridge commemorates a Roman general named Marcus<\/em> who was in command of the district in about 130 AD.\u00a0 Whether the bridge was originally built by Marcus or was named at a later date is unclear.\u00a0 It is thought that in time the name was corrupted from Marcus to Marus.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARYLEBONE<\/strong> or MARRIEBONNE<\/strong> is a residential area east of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The spelling and origin of the name are uncertain and there have been many suggestions.\u00a0 It seems that the original name was Mariebonne \u2013 the first references seem to be Mariebonne House<\/em>, which was built in 1855, and cottages built on Mariebonne Place in 1895-1914.\u00a0 However, the spelling Marylebone is also found on maps before the end of the 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Suggestions for the origin include farms called Merrybone<\/em> or Marrowbone<\/em>, or a church called St Mary-on-the-Bourne <\/em>whose name may have been influenced by the Marylebone<\/em> district of London, which similarly originated as St Mary\u2019s bourne.\u00a0 Perhaps most convincing is that Mariebonne means \u2018St Mary the Good\u2019 and refers to a church or parish with this or a similar name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MATLEY<\/strong> is a rural area south of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1211 as Mattel <\/em>and as Mattlegh <\/em>in 1316.\u00a0 The name is an eponym meaning \u2018Matta\u2019s clearing\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Matta <\/em>+ l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018glade, woodland clearing\u2019).\u00a0 Oak Farm in Matley may suggest the type of woodland that was cleared.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MAULDETH ROAD <\/strong>stretches from Chorlton <\/strong>in the City of Manchester <\/strong>to Heaton Moor<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> and gives its name to a conservation area along the road.\u00a0 The name of the road is derived from Mauldeth Hall,<\/em> built in 1832-1840 and later used as the first residence of the Bishop of Manchester, but it is likely that the name is much older.\u00a0 It means \u2018marly earth\u2019, from the Middle English marle <\/em>+ eorthe<\/em>, referring to the clay in the soil in the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MAYFIELD PARK <\/strong>today is a 2.5-hectare public park sited on reclaimed land in central Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 Its name comes from the Old English m<\/em>\u00e6ddre<\/em>, meaning \u2018the mayweed or madder plant\u2018 (which, perhaps significantly, is used to produce a red dye, which may have been used in the textile industries) + feld<\/em>, \u2018field\u2019.\u00a0 At the end of the 18th<\/sup> century the area around what was then the small town of Manchester was surrounded by various fields and Mayfield was situated on the north bank of the River Medlock<\/strong>.\u00a0 In 1782, it was purchased by Thomas Hoyle, who built a large calico and printing works, including a dye house.\u00a0 The site was purchased by the London & North Western Railway for the new Mayfield station, which was opened in 1910 as a relief station for Manchester London Road<\/strong> (today, Manchester Piccadilly<\/strong>).\u00a0 Mayfield station was closed to passengers in 1960 and to all rail services in 1986.\u00a0 It gradually became derelict but in 2019 Depot Mayfield, a music venue, was opened, and in 2022 the southern part of the site was developed as Mayfield Park.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MEALHOUSE BROW<\/strong> is a street in central Stockport<\/strong> that appears in two paintings by L S Lowry (see<\/em> Appendix 2).\u00a0 It was recorded in 1680 as Wynn Bank (\u2018winding hill\u2019) and later as Dungeon Brow (as it was sited above the cells used for prisoners awaiting trial).\u00a0 It became known as Mealhouse Brow as it was the location for storing and selling grain or meal<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MEASUREMENTS HALT <\/strong>was a railway station opened in July 1932 by the London Midland & Scottish Railway to serve the Dobcross<\/strong> clock factory of Measurements<\/em> Ltd.\u00a0\u00a0 It was closed in May 1955 when the line from Oldham<\/strong> to Delph<\/strong> was shut.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MEDIACITYUK<\/strong>\u00a0is a property development in the Salford Quays<\/strong> district of the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 2007-2013 and named because major media <\/em>companies, including both the BBC and ITV Granada, built studios and production facilities there.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River MEDLOCK<\/strong> rises in Saddleworth<\/strong> and flows south-west for 16 kilometres into the Irwell<\/strong> in Hulme<\/strong> in the centre of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded as the Medlak<\/em> in 1292 and means \u2018meadow stream\u2019, from Old English m<\/em>\u01e3d <\/em>\u2018meadow\u2019 + lacu <\/em>\u2018stream\u2019.\u00a0 The form Medlok<\/em> appears in about 1540 and seems to be influenced by a false association with the word \u2018lock\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MELLOR <\/strong>is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally in Derbyshire<\/strong>, then became part of Cheshire<\/strong> in 1936, before being included in Greater Manchester<\/strong> in 1974.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1130 as Melver <\/em>or Meluer <\/em>and is said to mean \u2018the bare or smooth-topped hill\u2019 from the Celtic moel<\/em> (\u2019bare, bald\u2019) + bre<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MERCIA<\/strong> was one of the seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, located in the Midlands of England.\u00a0 It was established in about AD 527 and extended as far north as the River Mersey<\/strong>, although its control extended north of the Mersey into Northumbria<\/strong> and what are now parts of Great Manchester<\/strong> at times, especially after the Mercians\u2019 conversion to Christianity in the second half of the 7th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name is, like that of the Mersey, derived from the Old English m<\/em>\u01e3re<\/em>, meaning \u2018boundary\u2019 as the Mercians were thought of as \u2018boundary people\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MERE BROOK <\/strong>or MERE CLOUGH <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong> that rises in Waterdale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> and flows south-west through Philips Park <\/strong>to join the Irwell east of Prestwich<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1772, when a bleach works was built at the lower end of Mere Clough.\u00a0 The name comes from the Old English mere<\/em>, meaning \u2018lake, pond\u2019 + br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em> (\u2018stream\u2019) or cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em> (\u2018deep valley\u2019).\u00a0 Mere Brook is also known as Asylum Brook as it flows past Prestwich Mental Hospital, which was opened in 1851 as the Lancashire<\/strong> County Lunatic Asylum<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River MERSEY<\/strong>\u00a0is a major waterway of Greater<\/strong> Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is formed in Stockport<\/strong> through the confluence of the rivers Goyt<\/strong> and Tame<\/strong> and then flows westward.\u00a0 It joins the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> for some 6.5 kilometres but then separates near Warrington and flows into the Irish Sea at Liverpool, over 110 kilometres from its source.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1002 as M<\/em>\u00e6rse<\/em>, meaning \u2018boundary river\u2019 from the Old English gem<\/em>\u00e6re<\/em> (\u2018boundary\u2019) + \u0113a<\/em> (\u2018river\u2019).\u00a0 The Mersey formed the boundary between the old Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of Mercia<\/strong> and Northumbria<\/strong> from about AD 600 and, later on, between Cheshire<\/strong> and Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Virtually all of the rivers and brooks across Greater Manchester are tributaries of the Mersey, and the river gives its name to at least two towns in the county \u2013 Ashton-upon-Mersey<\/strong> and Heaton Mersey<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The MERSEY & IRWELL NAVIGATION <\/strong>was constructed in 1724-1734 to provide a navigable route between the Mersey at Runcorn and the Irwell<\/strong> at Hunt\u2019s Bank<\/strong> in Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was one of the first major man-made waterways in England but was not a true canal as it merely improved the existing rivers by eliminating meanders to straighten and shorten the route, and constructed weirs and locks to facilitate navigation.\u00a0 The word navigation<\/em> in this sense dates from 1720, and the Mersey & Irwell Navigation<\/strong> Act of 1720 was one of the very first uses.\u00a0 Among the locks were Throstles Nest<\/strong>, Mode Wheel<\/strong>, Barton<\/strong>, Calamanco <\/strong>and Sandywarps<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was a great success for nearly 150 years but had largely fallen out of use by the time the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> was completed in 1894.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MERSEYSIDE <\/strong>is a county to the west of Greater Manchester<\/strong> that was created in 1974 in what was previously south-west Lancashire<\/strong> and parts of northern Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1899 as a general term meaning \u2018beside <\/em>the River Mersey<\/em>\u2019 but was adopted as the name of the new county using the same model as counties and boroughs elsewhere in England, including Tameside<\/strong> in Greater Manchester.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MERSEY SQUARE <\/strong>is a pedestrianised shopping centre in Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in 1970 and was one of the first shopping precincts in Britain.\u00a0 It is named after the River Mersey<\/em>, which originates in Stockport and which runs deep beneath Mersey Square.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MESNES PARK<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0See<\/em> WORSLEY MESNES<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MICKER BROOK\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>BOLLINHURST BROOK<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MICKLEHURST<\/strong> is a district in Mossley<\/strong> in the Borough of Tameside<\/strong> that was formerly part of Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1345 as Mikelhourst<\/em>, from the Old English micel<\/em>, meaning \u2018large or great\u2019 + hyrst<\/em>, meaning \u2018wooded hill\u2019.\u00a0 It gives its name to Micklehurst Brook, a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MIDDLEBROOK<\/strong> or MIDDLE BROOK<\/strong> is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1292 as Mikelbrok<\/em>, meaning \u2018great brook\u2019, from the Old English micel<\/em> (\u2018big, great\u2019) + broc<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018brook, stream\u2019).\u00a0 The brook gave its name to the settlement and, over the years, the names of both became rationalised to \u2018Middlebrook\u2019.\u00a0 The Middle Brook itself is a tributary of the River Croal <\/strong>and was the usual name for the Croal until early in the 19th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MIDDLE HEALEY\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> HEALEY<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MIDDLE HULTON<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0See <\/em>HULTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MIDDLE NADEN RESERVOIR\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> NADEN<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MIDDLETON<\/strong> is a town on the River Irk<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are many places called Middleton<\/em> in Britain, all meaning \u2018middle homestead, village or settlement\u2019 and deriving from Old English middel<\/em> + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>.\u00a0 Middleton in Rochdale is recorded in 1194 as Middelton, <\/em>and is thought to be a reference to its position midway between Manchester<\/strong> and Rochdale<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MIDDLETON JUNCTION<\/strong> is an area in Middleton<\/strong> in the Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and Chadderton<\/strong> in the Borough of Oldham <\/strong>which was developed in the early 19th<\/sup> century as an industrial area along the Rochdale Canal.\u00a0 The Manchester & Leeds Railway\u2019s main line between the two cities was built in 1839 with a junction to Oldham Werneth<\/strong> and a station was opened on 31 March 1842.\u00a0 Initially named Oldham Junction, the station was renamed Middleton Junction<\/em> in 1852.\u00a0 The station was closed in 1966 and demolished but the area surrounding it retains the name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MIDLAND HOTEL<\/strong> is a large hotel in central Manchester<\/strong> opened in 1903 by the Midland<\/em> Railway close to its Manchester Central<\/strong> station.\u00a0 It is said to have been the first building in Britain to be air-conditioned, and in 1904 Charles Rolls met Henry Royce there and formed the Rolls Royce car company.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MID REDDISH\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> REDDISH<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MILE END<\/strong> is an area of Davenport<\/strong> in Stockport<\/strong> whose name means \u2018place at the end of a mile\u2019 from the centre of Stockport.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1587, when Alexander Lowe, the mayor of Stockport, was living in Mile End Hall<\/em>, which stood on the main road from Manchester <\/strong>to London (now the A6).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MILES PLATTING<\/strong> is an inner-city suburb of Manchester<\/strong> lying approximately 2 kilometres north-east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name first appears in 1742 referring to a bridge that carried the Oldham<\/strong> Road over Newton Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name comes from platting<\/em>, a Lancashire dialect term for a \u2018small bridge\u2019, which was located a mile <\/em>from the city centre.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MILL BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Douglas<\/strong> that rises north-east of Shevington <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and flows south to meet the Douglas near Crooke<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is derived from 18th<\/sup> century corn mills<\/em> in the area, probably Standish<\/strong> Mill on what then became Mill Brook.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MILLBROOK<\/strong> is a village near Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name literally means \u2018the mill by the brook\u2019 and is recorded in 1831.\u00a0 The mills referred to were cotton mills that were built in the early part of the 19th<\/sup> century and the brook is Swineshaw<\/strong> Brook (meaning \u2018swine wood\u2019), also first recorded in 1831, which flows through the village.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The name was perhaps standardised when the London & North Western Railway opened a station called Staley & Millbrook in July 1886.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MILL BROW, Marple Bridge<\/strong>, is a hamlet north-west of Mellor <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is believed that Ludworth<\/strong> Mill, a 13th-century corn mill<\/em> which served the scattered farms of what was then western Derbyshire<\/strong>, was the mill that gave the hamlet its name.\u00a0 The mill was presumably at the foot of the brow in the valley of Mill or Mill Brow Brook (a tributary of the River Goyt<\/strong>) below Mill Brow itself.\u00a0 Mill Brow is recorded in 1857 but Ludworth Mill is found rather earlier in 1714.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MILL BROW, Worsley<\/strong>, is a residential area north of Boothstown <\/strong>in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is derived from a corn mill which stood at the bottom of the brow (Old English bru<\/em> meaning \u2018a steep hill or bank that leads up from a river\u2019) and which was presumably powered by water from Stirrup Brook<\/strong>, which later becomes Ellen Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The corn mill is recorded in 1206 and was not finally demolished until 1904.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MILLERS BROOK <\/strong>is a short tributary of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 It rises north of Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and then flows north-east through Queen\u2019s Park<\/strong> to meet the Roch.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1847, when Millers Brook Mill<\/em> was erected, but may date back much further to the building of a water wheel to power a corn or textile mill<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MILLINGFORD BROOK <\/strong>is a 15-kilometre stream that rises near Billinge <\/strong>and flows south-west through Golborne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, before turning west to join Newton Brook<\/strong> and then flowing into the River Mersey<\/strong> at Sankey Bridges outside Warrington.\u00a0\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the 19th<\/sup> century and it is thought that it was probably originally called Golborne.\u00a0 At some point it was renamed Millingford Brook \u2013 \u2018the ford across the brook where milling takes place\u2019 \u2013 probably referring to a mediaeval corn milling<\/em> waterwheel rather than industrial cotton milling.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MILLS HILL<\/strong> is an industrial and residential area in east Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It lies on the Rochdale Canal and the River Irk<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented and, although many textile mills were built in the area in the 19th<\/sup> century, the name may be older and could refer to windmills<\/em> or corn mills<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MILNROW<\/strong> is a town on the River Beal<\/strong> in the Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> that was part of Lancashire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is first recorded as Milnehuses<\/em> in the 13th<\/sup> century but had become Mylnerowe<\/em> by 1554.\u00a0 The name means \u2018row of houses by a mill\u2019 from the Old English myln<\/em> (\u2018mill\u2019) + r<\/em>\u0101w<\/em> (\u2018a row of houses, trees, etc\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MIRRLEES FIELDS<\/strong> is a location in Hazel Grove<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> that includes the former factory site and recreational grounds of the Mirrlees<\/em> Engineering Company.\u00a0 The company was established in Glasgow in 1840 but moved to Hazel Grove in 1908, producing diesel engines.\u00a0 It closed in 2000 and the land may be developed into a housing estate.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MITCHELL HEY<\/strong> is a residential area of Rochdale<\/strong> west of the town centre within a loop in the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is believed to be an eponym derived from the family name Mitchell <\/em>+ Old English h<\/em>\u00e6g <\/em>meaning \u2018enclosure, hedged enclosure\u2019.\u00a0 In 1859 the site was purchased from a Mr William Holt by the Rochdale Pioneers<\/strong> for a steam-powered weaving mill to be run on co-operative principles.\u00a0 The chairman at the time was J T W Mitchell (1828-1895), but the naming of the mill was coincidental.\u00a0 When the mill was demolished, a block of flats with the same name was erected on the site in the 1960s.\u00a0 In 2017 it was announced that this block would be demolished as part of a new housing scheme.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MODE WHEEL <\/strong>today is an industrial estate in the City of Salford<\/strong> beside the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The Mode Wheel locks were the last on the Manchester Ship Canal, lifting ships 4 metres to the level of Salford docks, and it was at the Mode Wheel locks that Queen Victoria<\/strong> officially opened the Manchester Ship Canal on 21 May 1894.\u00a0 The Mode Wheel locks pre-dated the Manchester Ship Canal by some 170 years, having originally been built in the late 1720s as one of the 8 sets of locks on the Mersey & Irwell Navigation<\/strong>, enabling ships to sail from Runcorn to Hunt\u2019s Bank<\/strong> at Salford.\u00a0 The original Mode Wheel was a waterwheel that must have been constructed in the 16th<\/sup> century or even earlier to power a corn mill.\u00a0 This was named Maud\u2019s Mill<\/em> but the name had been corrupted to \u2018Mode Wheel\u2019 by the 1720s.\u00a0 Maud cannot be identified with any certainty but a Maud<\/em> de Worsley is known to have land in Pendleton<\/strong>, Woodhouses<\/strong> and Wallness<\/strong> in 1332.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOLYNEUX BROW<\/strong> was a hamlet north-west of Clifton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name was recorded in the early 17th<\/sup> century as Mullineux Brow<\/em> and with its more modern spelling in 1853, when the East Lancashire Railway opened Molyneux Brow<\/em> station, taking its name from a few cottages nearby.\u00a0 The name is assumed to be an Anglo-Norman eponym:\u00a0 a Norman from the town of Moulineaux<\/em> (\u2018mill of the waters\u2019) came over with William the Conqueror in 1066 and one of his descendants was given a manor in Sefton, outside Liverpool.\u00a0 The family were influential in Lancashire and two – Sir Thomas Molyneux<\/em> and Sir William Molyneux<\/em> – <\/strong>became sheriffs of the county in the late 15th<\/sup> and early 16th<\/sup> centuries.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MONKS HALL <\/strong>is a building in Eccles<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The original building is believed to date back to 1234 and took its name either from the monks<\/em> of Whalley Abbey, who owned land in Eccles, or from the de Monks<\/em> family, who are known to have lived in Eccles.\u00a0 Various buildings with various uses have stood on the site.\u00a0 The 17th<\/sup>-century building was purchased by Eccles council in 1959 and converted into a museum, but this closed in the late 1980s.\u00a0 Much of the building was destroyed by fire in 2016 and there are currently plans to convert it into housing.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MONSALL<\/strong> is a suburb of Manchester<\/strong>, north-east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name was recorded as Monshalgh<\/em> in 1546 and means \u2018monk\u2019s (Old English monke<\/em>) corner or nook (halh<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MONTON<\/strong> is a residential area in the City of Salford<\/strong>, lying on Dean\u2019s Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1190 as Mawinton<\/em>, believed to be an eponym meaning \u2018Mawinga\u2019s or Mawa\u2019s village or farmstead\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>.\u00a0 An alternative suggestion is that the name may be derived from monk<\/em> + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> as it is known that there was a monastic community in the area in mediaeval times.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MONTSERRAT<\/strong> is a residential area north-east of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is Catalan, meaning \u2018serrated or jagged mountain\u2019.\u00a0 It is said that a row of cottages was built early in the 19th<\/sup> century by an ex-soldier who had fought with the Duke of Wellington<\/strong> in the Peninsular War in Spain.\u00a0 In 1811 and 1812 the monastery at Montserrat<\/em> in Catalonia in north-east Spain was destroyed by Napoleon\u2019s troops and the builder named the cottages to commemorate the monastery.\u00a0 In the 1930s the cottages were demolished and, after the war, an estate was built and given the name Montserrat.\u00a0 The estate now seems to be called Johnson Fold<\/strong> but Montserrat still appears on maps as the name of the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOORCLOSE<\/strong> is a residential area of Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is not well documented before the 19th<\/sup> century and, while the location is close to Rooley Moor<\/strong>, the name is thought to derive from being an area of the moors<\/em> that was enclosed<\/em> following they Middleton Enclosure Act of 1803.\u00a0 After World War II, a council housing estate was built in Moorclose using the labour of former prisoners from Slattocks<\/strong> prisoner-of-war camp.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOOREND<\/strong> is a hamlet east of Mellor<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally part of Derbyshire<\/strong> but was transferred to Cheshire<\/strong> in 1936 and to Greater Manchester<\/strong> in 1974.\u00a0 The name is documented in 1640, when it marked the end of the farmland and settlements of Mellor and the start of the common land of the moors to the east.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOORGATE<\/strong> is a residential area north of Stalybridge <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1831 and literally means \u2018gate<\/em>way to the moors<\/em>\u2019, referring to its location close to the moors<\/em> of the Derbyshire<\/strong> Peak District<\/strong> to the east.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOORSIDE\u00a0<\/strong>is a suburb of north-east Oldham<\/strong>, close to the moors of Saddleworth<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1843 as Moor Side<\/em>, literally meaning \u2018beside<\/em> the moors<\/em>\u2019 of the west Pennines<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MORRIS GREEN<\/strong> is a residential area south of Daubhill<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is said to be an eponym meaning \u2018the bleaching green belonging to someone named Morris\u2019.<\/em>\u00a0 This refers to the practice of laying newly-made cloth out on a grass plot to be bleached by the sun.\u00a0 The Oxford English Dictionary<\/em> records the first use of green<\/em> with this meaning in 1738.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MORTIN BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Etherow<\/strong> that rises north of Compstall<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport <\/strong>and flows south-east for about 3.2 kilometres through Mortin Clough (Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>, \u2018a steep-sided valley\u2019) to join the Etherow.\u00a0 Mortin<\/em> is probably a personal name and was recorded as both Mortin<\/em> and Martin<\/em> on maps from the early 19th<\/sup> century but the spelling was later standardised as Mortin.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSES GATE<\/strong> is a residential area of Farnworth<\/strong> in the Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, about 4 kilometres south of Bolton town centre and 17.5 kilometres north-west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Moss Gate<\/em> in 1818 but is probably mediaeval in origin, deriving from Old English mos<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a bog or swamp\u2019) + Old Norse gata<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a road, a street\u2019).\u00a0 The original meaning would have been \u2018the road across the swamp\u2019, but was rationalised to Moses, despite having nothing to do with the Old Testament character.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSLEY COMMON <\/strong>is a residential area of Tyldesley<\/strong> in the east of the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1301 as Mosseld Yard<\/em>, meaning \u2018the woodland clearing near a swamp\u2019, from Old English mos <\/em>(\u2018marsh, swamp\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018wood, clearing\u2019).\u00a0 The use of yard<\/em> at this early date would probably be from Old English geard<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018an enclosure; a court-yard\u2019).\u00a0 The use of common<\/em> rather than yard<\/em> is found in 1747, when Mosley Common was said to be 14 hectares in area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSS BANK PARK<\/strong> is an 85-hectare public park in Bolton <\/strong>opened to the public in 1928.\u00a0 The site was formerly an estate belonging to Peter Ainsworth, a bleacher from Halliwe<\/strong>ll.\u00a0 The estate included a country house, Halliwell Hall, and fields which were used for the sun-bleaching of newly-made cloth.\u00a0 Moss Bank is a common name in the north-west, deriving from the Old English mos<\/em> (\u2018marsh, swamp\u2019) + banke<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018slope of a hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSSBROW <\/strong>is a hamlet south of Partington<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but seems to come from Moss Brow<\/em> farm, situated on the brow<\/em> or higher part of Moss Lane, which was covered with moss<\/em>.\u00a0 Some of the buildings date from the 16th<\/sup> century but it is unclear when the name came into use.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSS GATE <\/strong>is a residential area of Shaw <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, lying south of Moss Gate, a 253-metre hill in the west Pennines<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from what is now called Moss Gate<\/em> Road, which connects Rushcroft<\/strong> and Jubilee<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1847, when a Methodist church was opened on Moss Gate Road, but the derivation – Old English mos<\/em> (\u2018marsh, swamp) + Old Norse gata<\/em> (\u2018road\u2019) \u2013 suggests that it is probably much older.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSS HEY <\/strong>is a residential area of Shaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, west of the River Beal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1789, when Moss Hey<\/em> cotton mill was constructed.\u00a0 The name means \u2018enclosed area of swampy land\u2019, from Old English mos<\/em> (\u2018marsh, swamp\u2019) + h\u00e6g <\/em>meaning \u2018enclosure, hedged enclosure\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSSLEY<\/strong> is a town beside the River Tame<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, about 15 kilometres east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 It was formerly divided between Lancashire<\/strong>, Cheshire <\/strong>and the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong>, but in 1889 it was allocated wholly to Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 In 1974 it was included in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 By the start of the 19th<\/sup> century, the town was divided between Top Mossley (also known as Brookbottom<\/strong>) and Bottom Mossley (also known as Bottoms<\/strong>).\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1319 as Moselegh<\/em> and with its modern spelling from 1422.\u00a0 It means \u2018woodland clearing near a swamp\u2019, from Old English mos <\/em>(\u2018marsh, swamp\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018wood, clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSS NOOK <\/strong>is a residential part of Wythenshawe<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong> about 14.5 kilometres south of the city centre.\u00a0 Until 1931 it was a rural part of Northen Etchells<\/strong> in Cheshire<\/strong> known for its market gardening, but it underwent urban development after the Second World War.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 12th<\/sup> century as Moseknok<\/em>, meaning \u2018corner of marshy land\u2019, from Middle English mos <\/em>(\u2018bog, swamp, marsh\u2019) + nok<\/em> (\u2018corner of land\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSS PARK GARDENS <\/strong>is a small public space in Timperley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area is referred to in 1765 as a \u2018parcel of moss ground\u2019, from the old English mos<\/em> meaning \u2018marsh, swamp\u2019.\u00a0 By the 1830s it seems to have been drained as it is recorded as a farm and orchard.\u00a0 The land was sold to Altrincham<\/strong> Borough Council in 1940 and laid out as a small park in 1974.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSS SIDE<\/strong> is a residential area of Manchester<\/strong>, south of the city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1530 as Mossyde<\/em> and with its modern two-word spelling in 1594, meaning \u2018beside or edge of the swamp\u2019, from Old English mos <\/em>(\u2018marsh, swamp\u2019) + side <\/em>(\u2018beside\u2019).\u00a0 The name describes the pre-industrial landscape of much of Manchester which shocked Daniel Defoe in about 1725:\u00a0 \u2018The nature of these mosses, for we found there are many of them in this country \u2026 at a distance, looks black and dirty, and is indeed frightful to think of\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSS SLACK BROOK <\/strong>rises near Windy Hill<\/strong> on the border between the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and Calderdale in West Yorkshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It flows south-east to join Longden End Brook<\/strong>, which eventually empties into Hollingworth Lake<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name comes from Moss Slack<\/em>, the moorland area where it rises, which means\u2019 boggy hill slope\u2019, from Old English mos<\/em>, meaning \u2018marsh, bog\u2019 + Old Norse slakki<\/em>, \u2018a small shallow valley or hollow\u2019, perhaps with the idea that the slope slackens and becomes less steep.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSTON <\/strong>is suburb of Manchester<\/strong> lying about 5 kilometres north-east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name Moston<\/em> was first recorded in 1195 and is derived from Old English mos<\/em>, meaning \u2018bog or swamp\u2019+ t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>, \u2019settlement or farm\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSTON BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irk<\/strong> which is formed through the confluence of Hole Bottom Brook<\/strong> and Bower Brook<\/strong> in Failsworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It then flows south-west for about 6 kilometres to empty into the Irk near Smedley<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is derived from Old English mos<\/em>, meaning \u2018bog or swamp\u2019+ t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>, \u2019settlement or farm\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOTTRAM IN LONGDENDALE <\/strong>is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, although part of Cheshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1211 as Mottrum <\/em>and in 1308 as Mottram in Longedenedale<\/em>.\u00a0 Mottram<\/em> is usually said to mean \u2018place of the speakers\u2019 or \u2018place where meetings are held\u2019, from the Old English m<\/em>\u014dtere <\/em>(\u2018speaker at an assembly\u2019) or m<\/em>\u014dt<\/em> (\u2018meeting, assembly of people\u2019) + r<\/em>\u016bm<\/em> (\u2018room, space\u2019).\u00a0 Another possibility is that Mottram<\/em> comes from the Celtic moch<\/em> (\u2018pigs\u2019) + tref<\/em> (\u2018homestead, village\u2019).\u00a0 Longdendale<\/strong> was added to distinguish it from Mottram St Andrew in Cheshire, and refers to the long valley of the River Etherow<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

MUDD <\/strong>or The MUDD <\/strong>is a hamlet in Mottram in Longdendale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1845 but it is evident that there has been a settlement since mediaeval times.\u00a0 The name literally means \u2018mud\u2019, from the Old English mudde.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MUMPS<\/strong> is an area of Oldham<\/strong> which is said to take its name from the 17th<\/sup>-century slang term mumper<\/em>, meaning \u2018a genteel beggar\u2019.\u00a0 The name seems to have been standardised by a station originally built by the Manchester & Leeds Railway in July 1856 and perpetuated by a Metrolink tram stop named Oldham Mumps, which re-opened in 2014.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MYTHAM <\/strong>is a residential area in Little Lever<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong> that also gives its name to Mytham Park.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but Mytham Farm is recorded in 1805.\u00a0 The name comes from the Old English gem\u0233thu<\/em> + h<\/em>\u0101m<\/em>, meaning \u2018village at the confluence of streams or rivers\u2019, referring to confluence of the Croal<\/strong> and Irwell <\/strong>south-west of Little Lever.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

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N<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NADEN BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises above Norden<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and flows southwards through Simpson Clough<\/strong> to join the Roch in Heywood<\/strong>.\u00a0 Naden Brook is recorded as Nauedenbrok<\/em> in the 13th<\/sup> century and means \u2018meandering valley stream\u2019, from Old English n<\/em>\u00e6dre<\/em> (\u2018adder-like, meandering\u2019) + denu<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019) + br\u014dc<\/em> (\u2018stream\u2019).\u00a0 The valley and the brook gave their name to settlements called Naden on the hillside above.\u00a0 Naden Brook feeds the three Naden Reservoirs \u2013 Lower Haden, Middle Naden and Higher Naden \u2013 which were constructed in 1846 north of what is now Greenbooth Reservoir<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NAILER\u2019S GREEN <\/strong>or NAILER\u2019S FIELD <\/strong>is the former name of the village of Greenmount<\/strong> in Tottington<\/strong> in the north of the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name was taken from a pub called the Nailer\u2019s<\/em>, but the pub was demolished and a local community group campaigned for the village to be renamed.\u00a0 A sign with the new name was unveiled in 2016.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NANGREAVE<\/strong> was an area of Stockport<\/strong> south-east of the town centre which once gave its name to a farm.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1281 as Knavenegreue<\/em>, meaning \u2018the grove (Old English gr<\/em>\u01e3fe<\/em>) of the knaves or young people (cnafa<\/em>)\u2019.\u00a0 The name is still found in a prominent road in Heaviley<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NAN HOLES BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong> that rises east of Ashton-in-Makerfield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and flows east\/south-east to Hey Brook<\/strong>, which then joins Pennington Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is a forename eponym that appears on Ordnance Survey maps at the turn of the 20th<\/sup> century and probably means \u2018the stream flowing from or through hollows<\/em> belonging to someone called Anne<\/em> or Agne<\/em>s\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NARROW GATE BROW <\/strong>is a hamlet north-west of Shaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is mentioned in 1804, when John Cowper of Narrow Gate Brow was transported for possessing forged bank notes, but probably dates from a much earlier time.\u00a0 The name suggests a narrow (Old English nearu<\/em>, Middle English narwe<\/em>) road (Old Norse gata<\/em>) at the top of a hill (Old English bru<\/em>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NAVIGATION ROAD <\/strong>is a street in Altrincham<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>, and also a station, originally opened in 1931, that serves both Northern Rail trains and Metrolink trams.\u00a0 The name refers to the nearby Bridgewater Canal<\/strong>, which was originally referred to as a \u2018navigation\u2019.\u00a0\u00a0 A navigation<\/em> is a river that has been straightened and dredged to make it navigable, rather than a totally artificial canal.\u00a0 The word in this sense dates from 1720, and the Mersey & Irwell Navigation<\/strong> Act of 1720 was one of the very first uses.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEAR BARROWSHAW\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> BARROWSHAW<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEAR WAIN STONES\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> WAIN STONES<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NETHER LEES\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> LEES<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEWALL GREEN <\/strong>is a district in Wythenshawe<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>, south of the city centre.\u00a0 The name is taken from Newall Green<\/em> Farm, which is thought to go back at least as far as the 16th<\/sup> century and which still exists today, although much of the farmland has been used for residential development since 1937.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1841 as New Hall Green<\/em> but the current spelling is found from 1842.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>It comes from the Old English n\u012bwe<\/em> + halh<\/em>, meaning \u2018new nook of land or new piece of dry ground\u2019, perhaps referring to a newly-drained piece of land in an area with many streams.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW BAILEY <\/strong>was originally a prison in Salford<\/strong>, the largest in England at the time, built in 1787-1790 to the designs of John Howard (1726-1790), after whom the Howard League for Prison Reform is named.\u00a0 The jail was paid for by Thomas Butterworth Bayley<\/em> (1744-1802), the High Sheriff of Lancashire, and named \u2018New Bailey\u2019 to distinguish it from the Old Bailey in London.\u00a0 The prison was closed in 1868 when the new Strangeways<\/strong> prison was opened.\u00a0 A bridge with the same name was built over the River Irwell<\/strong> in 1783-1785, but this too was demolished and replaced by the Albert Bridge <\/strong>in 1843-1844.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW BARNS <\/strong>was located in Weaste <\/strong>in the City of Salford<\/strong> on a site now occupied by MediaCityUK<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was notable as the location of Manchester Racecourse until its closure in 1963.\u00a0 The name appears on a 1786 map of Lancashire<\/strong> and is probably quite literal, referring to new barns<\/em> built for Hulme <\/strong>Hall or another local estate.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW BARRACKS<\/strong> is a residential estate built by Salford <\/strong>Corporation in 1900-1904.\u00a0 It takes its name from the Salford Infantry Barracks<\/em>, built in 1819 and closed down in 1896.\u00a0 The land was then purchased by Salford Corporation and transformed into one of the first housing estates in what is now Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 Coronation Street<\/strong> was one of the streets on the estate.\u00a0 See also <\/em>BARRACK PARK<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEWBOLD <\/strong>is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1200 as Neubolt<\/em>, but the modern spelling is found by about 1300.\u00a0 It means \u2018new building\u2019 from Old English n\u012bwe <\/em>(\u2018new\u2019) + bold<\/em> (\u2018building; dwelling\u2019), but it is uncertain what buildings are referred to.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW CROSS <\/strong>is a residential and commercial area in the City of Manchester<\/strong> north-east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name is found from the late 18th<\/sup> century and, while there was what was probably a market cross<\/em> there by 1807, it seems more likely that it comes from its position around a major crossroads<\/em>.\u00a0 The four roads that meet here are Oldham Street (probably named after Adam Oldham, a local hat and felt-maker), Oldham <\/strong>Road (originally called Newton Lane because it leads to what is now Newton Heath<\/strong>), Great Ancoats <\/strong>Street, and Swan Street (originally named New Cross Street by 1781 but renamed by 1806).\u00a0 The name tended to fall out of use in the 1960s but has recently been revived for a regeneration area as part of the Victoria North<\/strong> new town project.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW DELPH \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> DELPH<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW EARTH<\/strong> is a residential and commercial area of Oldham <\/strong>beside New Earth Street and south-east of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is Biblical and refers to the ending of the world:\u00a0 \u2018we are looking forward to a new heaven and a new earth<\/em>, where righteousness dwells\u2019 (2 Peter 3: 13).\u00a0 The name seems to date from the 19th<\/sup> century and was probably given by the Moravian church, who were established in Oldham in 1824 and named nearby Salem<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEWHEY <\/strong>is a suburban village near Milnrow<\/strong> in the Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It seems to have developed from the enclosure of surrounding moorland and this is reflected in the \u2018new\u2019 part of its name, which was first recorded in 1828.\u00a0 The second element, hey<\/em>, is older, probably from the Old English h\u00e6g<\/em>, meaning \u2018fence or enclosure\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW ISLINGTON<\/strong>\u00a0is an inner-city area of Ancoats<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong> that has recently undergone regeneration.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the late 18th<\/sup> century, and in the 19th<\/sup> century it was applied both to a street and a cotton mill dating from 1788.\u00a0 The name was originally a move to gentrify the area by adopting the name of the fashionable London district of Islington<\/em>, but in the 19th<\/sup> century the area acquired a reputation that was far from fashionable and the name fell out of use.\u00a0 Nevertheless, residents of the newly-regenerated area chose to resurrect the name after the millennium.\u00a0 Islington in London is a mediaeval eponymic name meaning \u2018hill of a man called G\u012bsla<\/em>\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW JACKSON<\/strong> is a regeneration area in central Manchester<\/strong> and Hulme <\/strong>described by the developers as a \u2018new community\u2019 or a \u2018skyscraper district\u2019.\u00a0 The \u2018new\u2019 name is recorded in 2024 but dates back to a farm in the 16th or 17th<\/sup> centuries or even earlier.\u00a0 \u2018Mr Jackson\u2019s<\/em> Farm\u2019 appears on a map of 1831 but the urbanisation and industrialisation of the area were already under way by that date:\u00a0 Jackson\u2019s grain warehouse was built in 1836 and a police station was built on Jackson Street (later renamed Great Jackson Street) in 1843.\u00a0\u00a0 The regeneration project was initially known as the Great Jackson Street scheme, but this morphed into \u2018New Jackson\u2019 once the project had been approved and is now part of what is sometimes called Manc-hattan<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW MANCHESTER <\/strong>is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It dates from the early 19th<\/sup> century, when miners moved here from Manchester<\/strong> to work in the Duke of Bridgewater’s<\/strong> collieries and transferred the names of the streets from the City of Manchester to the village.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW MOSTON\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> MOSTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW SIRS <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> OLD SIRS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW SPRINGS <\/strong>is a suburb in Wigan<\/strong>, north-east of the town centre, with a housing estate built in the 1970s.\u00a0 While some of the buildings may be as old as the 16th<\/sup> century, the name seems to date from the mid-19th<\/sup> century, when a new <\/em>community was established and a Primitive Methodist chapel was opened there in 1868.\u00a0 The name references the area of south-east Wigan known as Springs<\/em>, from the large number of springs and wells in the area.\u00a0\u00a0 The Wigan Branch Railway Act of 1830 authorised the Northern Union Railway\u2019s Springs<\/em> branchline, which connected to the collieries of the area, including Springs Colliery, when it opened in the early 1840s.\u00a0 See also<\/em> SPRING VIEW<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW TAME \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0See<\/em> OLD TAME<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEWTON<\/strong> is the most common place name in England, with at least 87 towns or villages carrying the name.\u00a0 All mean \u2018the new settlement\u2019 from the Old English n\u012bwe<\/em> + t\u016bn.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEWTON, Tameside<\/strong> is an area of Hyde<\/strong> that was formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Neweton <\/em>and with its modern spelling in 1320.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEWTON BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Medlock<\/strong> that rises south-west of Newton Heath<\/strong>, from where it takes its name.\u00a0 It flows south-west through Miles Platting<\/strong> to join Shooters Brook<\/strong> north-east of Ancoats <\/strong>in the City of Manchester.\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEWTON HEATH<\/strong> is a residential area of the City of Manchester<\/strong>, 4.5 kilometres north-east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name Newton<\/em> is recorded in 1322 but much of Newton was absorbed into Miles Platting<\/strong> in the 19th<\/sup> century and the name fell into disuse.\u00a0 The remaining portion was given the name Newton Heath<\/em>, meaning \u2018the heath beside Newton\u2019.\u00a0 The full name Newton Heath dates from 1843 and was standardised by the opening of Newton Heath station by the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway on 1 December 1853.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW WINDSOR\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>WINDSOR<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW YEAR\u2019S BRIDGE RESERVOIR <\/strong>east of Denshaw <\/strong>was built in 1876-83 to supply drinking water for Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is fed by Dowry Water<\/strong> and the water that flows from the southern end of the reservoir forms the starting point of the River Tame<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is evident that the bridge pre-dates both the building of the reservoir and of New Year\u2019s Bridge Mill (which was built in about 1786 and now lies under the waters of the reservoir) by a considerable period.\u00a0 The origin of the name is unclear but it has been suggested that the bridge<\/em> was used as a meeting point, perhaps for the payment of tithes or taxes due on new year\u2019s<\/em> day.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NICO DITCH<\/strong> is a 10-kilometre defensive ditch and fortification between Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> and Stretford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is believed to have been constructed at some time between the 5th<\/sup> and the 11th<\/sup> centuries, and parts can still be seen today.\u00a0 According to legend, it was built in just one night in AD 869-870 to guard against Viking invaders.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1190 as Mykeldiche<\/em>, meaning \u2018large or great ditch\u2019, from the Old English micel <\/em>(\u2018big, great\u2019) + d<\/em>\u012bc<\/em>.\u00a0 Over time, the name became corrupted to \u2018Nico\u2019.\u00a0 It is said that Reddish<\/strong>, meaning \u2018reedy ditch\u2019, refers to Nico Ditch, which at one time formed the northern border of the settlement.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NIMBLE NOOK<\/strong> is a residential area south-west of Chadderton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1825 but is probably much older.\u00a0 Middle English nok<\/em> means \u2018a triangular plot of land\u2019, but the derivation and meaning of Nimble<\/em> are unclear.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NOB END<\/strong>\u00a0is a 9-hectare nature reserve near Little Lever<\/strong> and Kearsley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1824 as the village of Knob End<\/em>, from the Middle English knob<\/em> or nob<\/em>, meaning \u2018a knoll, round-topped promontory\u2019, and referring to the shape of a nearby small hill some 10 metres high at the confluence of the Rivers Croal<\/strong> and Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 Later in the century, between 1850 and 1870, the site was used as a toxic tip for alkali waste.\u00a0 The name is sometimes considered vulgar and the Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal preferred Prestolee<\/strong> Locks to Nob End Locks.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NOMA <\/strong>is an 8-hectare commercial, residential and recreational redevelopment project in the City of Manchester<\/strong>, north of the city centre, close to Victoria Station<\/strong> and the River Irk<\/strong>, and including Angel Meadows<\/strong>.\u00a0 NOMA is a portmanteau word created in 2011 from NO<\/em>rth MA<\/em>nchester and was inspired by the SOMA (SOuth of MArket) development in San Francisco.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NOOK <\/strong>is a residential area of Shaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are several places in Greater Manchester<\/strong> with nook<\/em> as one element of their name, all derived from Middle English n<\/em>\u014dk<\/em> (\u2018nook of land; triangular plot\u2019).\u00a0 Nook in Shaw is unique in that it is a singleton \u2013 there is no preceding element to give further definition.\u00a0 It is recorded on a map of 1786 as a few buildings at a road junction east of Shaw.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORBURY <\/strong>is a district and former mining village in Hazel Grove<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> which was formerly included in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Nordberie<\/em>, from the Old English nord<\/em>, meaning \u2018north\u2019 and burh<\/em>, meaning \u2018settlement\u2019.\u00a0 The southern equivalent would be Sudbury.\u00a0 Sudbury in Derbyshire<\/strong> is about 80 kilometres south-east of Norbury and is also mentioned in the Domesday Book.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORDEN<\/strong> is a village on the western edge of the town of Rochdale<\/strong> on the north bank of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is said to be recent but its origin is uncertain.\u00a0 One suggestion is that it is a corruption of Naden<\/strong>, from Old English Old English n<\/em>\u00e6dre<\/em> (\u2018adder-like, meandering\u2019) + denu<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019), as Naden Brook<\/strong> rises nearby.\u00a0 More plausibly, it describes its location and means \u2018northern valley\u2019, deriving from the Old English north<\/em> + denu<\/em>.\u00a0 On the opposite bank lies Sudden<\/strong>, meaning \u2018southern valley\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORDEN ETCHELLS <\/strong>or NORTHERN ETCHELLS\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>ETCHELLS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORLEY <\/strong>is a residential area west of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1293 as Nortlegh<\/em> and means \u2018northern clearing\u2019, from the Old English north<\/em> + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018wood, clearing\u2019).\u00a0\u00a0 The Norley estate was built in the late 1940s and 1950s on the site of Norley Colliery, which occupied much of what had been Norley Hall, a mediaeval country house owned by the Le Norrey family.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORMAN HILL RESERVOIR <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> is one of the chain of six reservoirs – Ogden<\/strong><\/a>, Kitcliffe<\/strong><\/a>, Piethorne<\/strong><\/a>, Hanging Lees<\/strong><\/a>, Rooden<\/strong><\/a> and Norman Hill<\/strong><\/a> \u2013 built in the Piethorne Valley in 1858-66 to supply water to Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The reservoir takes its name from nearby Norman Hill,<\/em> first recorded on the Ordnance Survey maps of the area in the 1850s.\u00a0 The name seems to be an example of the forename eponyms which are common in the area \u2013 Dick Hill<\/strong>, Ben Heys and Nicholas Pike are all found in this part of Rochdale.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORRIS BANK <\/strong>and NORRIS Hill<\/strong> are residential areas to the west of Heaton Norris <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 Norris Bank takes its name from a house with that name built in about 1840, and the urban development that took place around it later in the 19th<\/sup> century led to the creation of Norris Bank parish in 1899.\u00a0 The Norris element is taken from nearby Heaton Norris<\/em>, which is named after the 12th<\/sup> century Norman landowner, William le Norreys<\/em>.\u00a0 The bank<\/em> refers to the slope down to the River Mersey<\/strong>, which lies to the south of the Heatons.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORTH BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> which rises on Rocher <\/strong>Moss in the Peak District <\/strong>National Park in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows south-west through North Clough to meet South Brook<\/strong> and then join Diggle <\/strong>Brook, which then joins the Tame near Diggle.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1468 as Northclogh-hede<\/em>, meaning \u2018the top or head<\/em> (Old English heafod<\/em>) of the north (Old English nord<\/em>) ravine (cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORTHENDEN<\/strong> is a southern suburb of the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was formerly in Cheshire<\/strong> and lies on the southern banks of the River Mersey<\/strong>, which was the traditional border between Lancashire<\/strong> and Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Northenden was mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see Appendix 1) as Norwordine, <\/em>and was recorded simply as Northern <\/em>as late as 1577.\u00a0 The name comes from the Old English north<\/em> + worthign<\/em>, meaning \u2018northern enclosed settlement\u2019.\u00a0 The Stockport Timperley & Altrincham Junction Railway opened Northenden station in February 1866 and the railway, together with the development of housing estates following its absorption by the City of Manchester in 1931, saw the area develop from a rural into a suburban community.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORTHERN MOOR<\/strong>\u00a0is a residential area of the City of Manchester<\/strong>, approximately 8 kilometres south of the city centre.\u00a0 It was previously in Cheshire <\/strong>and seen as part of Northenden<\/strong>, which lies to the east.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but was formerly spelled \u2018Northen Moor\u2019, meaning \u2018the moor of Northenden<\/em>\u2019, but over time the name was rationalised to \u2018Northern\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORTHERN QUARTER <\/strong>is an entertainment and commercial area of Manchester<\/strong> city centre north<\/em> of Piccadilly Gardens <\/strong>in the area formerly occupied by Smithfield Market.\u00a0 <\/strong>The name was given in the 1990s by local people to identify the vibrant cultural lifestyle and nightlife of the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORTH MOOR <\/strong>or NORTHMOOR<\/strong> is a south-western suburb of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1868, when the North Moor Wesleyan Church was opened, although it is known that the North Moor Primitive Methodist Society had meetings in a cellar for several years previously.\u00a0 The residents of North Moor Road are listed in the 1851 and it may be that North Moor Road led west to Westwood<\/strong>, which is built on a hillside known as North Moor.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORTH REDDISH \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0See<\/em> REDDISH<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORTHUMBRIA<\/strong> was one of the seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England, and included all of what is now Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 10th<\/sup>-century Anglo Saxon Chronicle<\/em>, which states that \u2018In this year (AD 923), in late autumn, King Edward the Elder (son of Alfred the Great) went \u2026 to occupy Manchester<\/strong> in Northumbria, and had it repaired and garrisoned\u2019.\u00a0 The name means \u2018north<\/em> of the Humber\u2019<\/em> \u2013 the River Humber was the boundary in the east but in the west the River Mersey<\/strong> marked the boundary between Mercia<\/strong> and Northumbria.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NUTHURST<\/strong> was a mediaeval hamlet near Moston<\/strong> in what is now north Manchester<\/strong>, north-east of the city centre.\u00a0 Great Nuthurst <\/em>Hall is recorded in 1200 and the name means \u2018hill with nut trees\u2019, perhaps hazelnuts or sweet chestnuts, from Old English knutu<\/em> (\u2018nut\u2019) + hyrst<\/em> (\u2018wooded hill\u2019).\u00a0 The name survives in Nuthurst Park, which was opened in 1915.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NUTSFORD VALE <\/strong>today is a country park in east Manchester<\/strong> close to Gorton<\/strong>, Levenshulme<\/strong> and Longsight<\/strong>.\u00a0 Early in the 19th<\/sup> century it was a farm spelled Knutsford Vale but later in the century various factories were built and the spelling became Nutsford Vale.\u00a0 By the 1980s it had become a landfill site, which was transformed into a country park by 2017.\u00a0 The name is clearly linked to Knutsford<\/em> in Cheshire<\/strong> in some way, although the modern spelling somewhat obscures this.\u00a0 Knutsford is an eponym derived from the Viking personal name Knut<\/em> + Old English ford<\/em>.\u00a0 It is sometimes said that Knut was King Canute, but this is probably folk etymology.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NUTTALL PARK <\/strong>is a 10.7-hectare park on the River Irwell<\/strong> close to Ramsbottom<\/strong> town centre in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the former village of Nuttall<\/em>, which is recorded in 1256 as Noteho<\/em>, meaning \u2018bare or nut hill\u2019, from the Old English hnott<\/em> (\u2018bare, bald\u2019) or hnutu<\/em> (\u2018nut\u2019) + h\u014dh<\/em> (\u2018heel; spur of land\u2019), referring to a hill to the west of the Irwell on which the village stood.\u00a0 The original Nuttall Hall was built in the 14th<\/sup> century by the De Notogh family.\u00a0 A new hall was built in 1817 and demolished in 1908, but its grounds were opened in 1928 as Nuttall Park.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
O<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OAKENBOTTOM <\/strong>is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1246 as Akinbothun<\/em>, meaning \u2018oaks in the valley bottom\u2019, from Old English acen<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018oaken: growing with oak-trees\u2019) + botm<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a broad river-valley\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OAKEN LEE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises on Oaken Hill north of Castleshaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows west and then south-west through Oaken Lee Clough into Castleshaw Upper Reservoir.\u00a0 Oaken Hill<\/em> is recorded in 1750 and Oaken Lee Brook means \u2018the stream (Old English br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em>) that flows through the wood or glade (l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em>) covered with oak trees (\u0101cen<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OAK MEADOW PARK <\/strong>is a small park in the centre of Cheadle Hulme<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It stands on the site of a Victorian residence, Oak Cottage<\/em>, which took its name from a large tree in the garden.\u00a0 Oak Cottage had been demolished by 1937 and Oak Meadow Park was laid out on the site, apparently still with the original large oak tree.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OCHRE FLASH <\/strong>is one of the seven subsidence lakes or \u2018flashes\u2019 of Wigan Flashes Nature Reserve<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is located south-east of Hindley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and was created by mining subsidence early in the 20th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name is recorded on Ordnance Survey maps of 1954 but it is likely that the lake was known locally as Ochre or Ochery Flash before that date.\u00a0 The name refers to the ochre<\/em>-coloured water from iron-stained water from mines and chemical works in the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OCHRELEY BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Goyt<\/strong> that rises in Torkington<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport <\/strong>and flows south through Offerton<\/strong> to join the Goyt near Marple Bridge<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name seems to be a corruption of Hockley<\/em>, a name that is found as an area of Poynton in Cheshire<\/strong> and as a farm near the brook.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century and means \u2018the clearing on or near a hill\u2019, from Old English hocer<\/em> (\u2018rounded hill\u2019) + l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OCTAGON THEATRE<\/strong> is a theatre in Bolton<\/strong> that opened in 1967.\u00a0 The auditorium is actually hexagonal, but there was already a theatre in Reading called \u2018The Hexagon\u2019 and so the new Bolton theatre was named \u2018The Octagon<\/em>\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OFFERTON<\/strong> is a south-eastern suburb of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> that was in Cheshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 There are several places in England named Offerton, but the first record of Offerton<\/em> in Cheshire dates from 1226 as Offirtun<\/em>.\u00a0 The name is said to be an eponym consisting of a personal name such as Offa<\/em> or Oftf\u014dr <\/em>+ t\u016bn<\/em>, meaning \u2018farmstead or village\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OGDEN<\/strong> is a hamlet in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> that is divided between Higher Ogden and Lower Ogden.\u00a0 It also gives its name to Ogden Reservoir \u2013 one of the chain of six reservoirs (Ogden<\/strong><\/a>, Kitcliffe<\/strong><\/a>, Piethorne<\/strong><\/a>, Hanging Lees<\/strong><\/a>, Rooden<\/strong><\/a> and Norman Hill<\/strong><\/a>) in the Piethorne Valley – which was built in 1878 to supply drinking water to Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1246 as Akeden<\/em>, meaning \u2018oak valley\u2019 from the Old English \u0101c<\/em>, meaning \u2018oak\u2019 + denu<\/em>, \u2018valley\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OGDEN BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Etherow<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises on the moors of the Peak District<\/strong> National Park and flows south and south west, forming the border between Tameside<\/strong> and High Peak for much of its length before joining the Etherow in Broadbottom<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside.\u00a0 The name appears on maps of the early 19th<\/sup> century but its derivation suggests that it is probably much older \u2013 Old English English \u0101c<\/em>, meaning \u2018oak\u2019 + denu<\/em>, \u2018valley\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OLD BIRTLE\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>BIRTLE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OLD EES BROOK <\/strong>or OLD EEA BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong> that rises south of Urmston<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford <\/strong>and flows south-west for several kilometres to join the Mersey south-east of Flixton<\/strong>. \u00a0Ees <\/em>is a local word for a water meadow derived from the Old English \u0113g<\/em>, meaning \u2018island\u2019, often a piece of firm land in an area liable to flooding.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OLDFIELD BROW<\/strong> is a residential area on the western edge of Altrincham<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The original village of Oldfield is recorded in about 1293 as Aldefeld<\/em> and means \u2018the old open-field’, from Old English ald <\/em>(\u2018ancient, long-used\u2019) + feld<\/em> (\u2018open country; land cleared of trees\u2019).\u00a0 \u00a0The name is later found in Oldfield<\/em> Hall, which was built in 1616 and some of the land in which it stood was donated to Altrincham Council in 1917 as John Leigh Park<\/strong>.\u00a0 In the 1920s, the Oldfield Brow estate was built in the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OLDHAM <\/strong>is a town and, since 1974, one of the ten metropolitan boroughs of Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was formerly part of Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Its name is first recorded in about 1227 as Aldholm<\/em>, meaning \u2018old promontory\u2019, from Old English ald<\/em>, meaning \u2018old\u2019 + Old Norse holmr<\/em>, \u2018dry land, promontory\u2019.\u00a0 \u2018Old\u2019 may refer to an older settlement or may mean that the site had been occupied for a long time.\u00a0 Suggestions that Oldham was named because of the local presence of owls<\/em> are folk etymology, although owls have become the town\u2019s symbol and feature in its coat of arms.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OLD MILL BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong> that rises north of Tyldesley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan <\/strong>and flows south-west to join Shakerley<\/strong> Brook, another tributary of Glaze Brook.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1845-46 and comes from Shakerley Corn Mill, an early 17th<\/sup>-century mill built for Shakerley Old Hall, which took its power from Old Mill Brook.\u00a0 It was converted into a carding and spinning shed in the early 19th<\/sup> century<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OLD SIRS <\/strong>and NEW SIRS <\/strong>are residential and recreational areas of Westhoughton <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The names are said to derive from the family name of John and Richard de Sire<\/em>, who were recorded as being resident in the area in 1332.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OLD TAME <\/strong>is a hamlet south-west of Denshaw<\/strong> to the west of the River Tame<\/strong>, from which it takes its name.\u00a0 Both Old Tame and New tame, a smaller settlement on the eastern side of the Tame<\/em> valley, were originally outlying estates of Roche Abbey.\u00a0 The names are recorded in 1729 but probably date from much earlier.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OLD TRAFFORD<\/strong>\u00a0is a district of the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> which lends its name to Lancashire County Cricket Club\u2019s ground (opened in 1857) and Manchester United\u2019s football stadium, which was opened in 1910.\u00a0 The name Trafford<\/em> is first recorded in 1786 and is a variation of the neighbouring Stretford<\/strong>, both meaning \u2018ford over the Roman road\u2019, from str\u01e3t<\/em>, \u2018street, especially a Roman road\u2019, + ford<\/em>, \u2018ford\u2019 across the River Mersey<\/strong>.<\/em>\u00a0 The \u2018old\u2019 part of the name is thought to refer to the older of the two Trafford Halls.\u00a0 The original or Old Hall is believed to have been built in about 1017, but was replaced by the New Hall in the last quarter of the 17th century or the first quarter of the 18th<\/sup>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OLIVER CLOUGH <\/strong>is a small valley in Boggart Hole Clough<\/strong> country park in Blackley<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is a forename eponym, said to be named after Oliver<\/em> Cromwell<\/strong> (1599-1658), whose Parliamentarian troops camped in the area during the siege of Manchester in 1643 in the Civil War.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OOZEWOOD <\/strong>is a residential area of Royton<\/strong> north of the River Irk<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The place and name are not well documented, although nearby Oozewood Clough and lower Oozewood Farm suggest a mediaeval origin.\u00a0 One possible origin is Old English waesse<\/em>, meaning \u2018riverside land liable to flood\u2019.\u00a0 Alternatively, Oozewood might share its origin with Oozebooth in Blackburn, which is thought to derive from the Viking personal name, Ulf<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OPENSHAW <\/strong>is a suburb of the City of Manchester<\/strong>, about 5 kilometres east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1276 as Openshawe<\/em>, meaning \u2018open wood\u2019, i.e. one that is not enclosed, referring to a park belonging to the Lord of Manchester, Robert Grelley.\u00a0 It is composed of the Old English open<\/em>, meaning \u2018open or unenclosed\u2019 + sceaga<\/em>, \u2018wood, copse\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OPENSHAW PARK<\/strong> is a public park of about 5 hectares in Pimhole<\/strong>, outside Bury<\/strong> town centre.\u00a0 <\/strong>The park was established with land and funds donated by Thomas Openshaw,<\/em> a local wool manufacturer, and named after him.\u00a0 The park was opened in July 1888 by the Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII), who also held the title Duke of Clarence.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ORDSALL <\/strong>is a suburb of the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1177 as Ordeshala<\/em>, meaning \u2018Ord\u2019s or Ordric\u2019s nook\u2019.\u00a0 Ord<\/em> is a personal name and the second element is –halh<\/em>, meaning \u2018a corner or nook\u2019.\u00a0 This comes from the position of Ordsall within a large bend in the River Irwell<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ORLANDO BRIDGE<\/strong> is a road viaduct that carries Orlando Street across the railway in Bolton<\/strong> town centre close to the station.\u00a0 The bridge was originally built by the Manchester & Bolton Railway in 1838 and both street and bridge were named after Sir Orlando<\/em> Bridgeman, a 17th<\/sup>-century lawyer from nearby Great Lever<\/strong>.\u00a0 The bridge was rebuilt in 2016.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ORRELL<\/strong> is a suburb of Wigan<\/strong>, sometimes known as Orrell-in-Makerfield<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1202 as Horhill <\/em>but Orell<\/em> is found before the end of the 13th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Orrell means \u2018ore hill\u2019 from Old English \u014dra<\/em> + hyll<\/em>, believed to be a reference to ancient iron ore workings rather than coal mining.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ORRELL POST <\/strong>or ORREL POST <\/strong>is a residential area north of Orrell<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> around a landmark known as the Orrell Post<\/em>, a stone column 3.3 metres tall outside the Stag Inn recorded in 1607.\u00a0\u00a0 The original purpose of the post is uncertain:\u00a0 some people suggest it was a tethering post for Stag Inn patrons, but it is usually said to be turnpike marker stone at or near a crossroads.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OTTERSPOOL BRIDGE<\/strong> is a road bridge that carries the A627 across the River Goyt<\/strong> in Romiley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The bridge was in use by 1606 and in 1611 the name was recorded as Awterspoole<\/em>, literally meaning \u2018pool<\/em> where otters<\/em> are found\u2019, from the Old English oter<\/em> + p<\/em>\u014dl<\/em>.\u00a0 \u00a0A weir to power a cotton mill was built in about 1825-30 but the mill was never built.\u00a0 In 2012 the weir became the site of a small-scale municipal hydro-electricity generator.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OULDER HILL <\/strong>is an area west of Greave<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1860 but probably dates from an earlier period.\u00a0 The name is descriptive and said to come from ouler<\/em> (a dialect word for an alder tree) + hill (Old English hyll<\/em>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OUSEL BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong> that rises south of Stretford<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> and flows west and then north to join Old Ees Brook<\/strong> south of Urmston<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name comes from the Old English osle<\/em>, meaning \u2018a blackbird\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OUTWOOD <\/strong>is district of Radcliffe<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> that also gives its name to Outwood Country Park.\u00a0 The name dates back to around 1200 and was known as Outwood of Pilkington<\/strong>.\u00a0 It means \u2018outlying wood\u2019 or \u2018wood on the outskirts\u2019 and refers to land on the banks of the River Irwell<\/strong>.<\/em>\u00a0 The name is derived from the Old English \u016bt<\/em>, meaning \u2018outside, on the outskirts\u2019 + wudu<\/em>, \u2018wood, coppice\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OVER HULTON<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0See <\/em>HULTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OWENS PARK<\/strong> was a large hall of residence complex in the Fallowfield<\/strong> area south of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 It was built by the University of Manchester in 1964-1965 but shut down in 2021 and demolished in 2024 for redevelopment.\u00a0 It was named after John Owens<\/em> (1790-1846), who was a Manchester merchant and one of the principal donors who founded the university (initially called Owens College) in 1824.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OWLER BARROW <\/strong>or ALDER BARROW <\/strong>is a residential area west of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The place and name are not well documented.\u00a0 The area is said to be post-mediaeval and appears as Alder Barrow<\/em> on 19th<\/sup>-century maps, but the spelling is altered to Owler Barrow<\/em> by the late 19th<\/sup> century and early 20th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 In fact, the spelling change does not alter the meaning as owler<\/em> is a dialect word for an alder-tree.\u00a0 The name, therefore, would mean \u2018alder wood\u2019, from Old English Old English alor<\/em> (\u2018an alder\u2019) + bearu<\/em> (\u2018wood, grove\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OXFORD PARK <\/strong>is a 3-hectare recreation ground in the Guide Bridge<\/strong> area of Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name originates in the late 18th<\/sup> or early 19th<\/sup> century, when Oxford Street was built between the main Stockport<\/strong> Road and the newly-built Ashton Canal.\u00a0 In 1845 Thomas Mason (1782-1868) built the first of his Oxford Mills, which were later run by his son, Hugh Mason (1817-1886).\u00a0 In 1870, Hugh Mason presented the mills\u2019 sports ground to the town.\u00a0 Hugh Mason\u2019s statue was later erected close by in Trafalgar Square<\/strong> and the mills were destroyed by fire in 2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OXFORD ROAD<\/strong> is a main road through Chorlton-on-Medlock<\/strong> from Manchester<\/strong> city centre at St Peter\u2019s Square<\/strong> to Whitworth Park<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally named in 1793-1794, when Chorlton was gentrified and adopted prestigious names such as Oxford<\/em>, Cambridge and Grosvenor<\/strong> for its principal streets.\u00a0 The opening of Oxford Road station by the Manchester South Junction & Altrincham Railway in 1839 and Owens<\/strong> College (now the University of Manchester) in 1873 led to what has become known as the \u2018Oxford Road Corridor\u2019, with educational institutions, hospitals and cultural venues.\u00a0 It is planned to develop this area further as \u2018Corridor Manchester\u2019 by the mid-2020s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OX RAKE BROW<\/strong> is hill on Saddleworth Moor<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The meaning is probably \u2018the hill (Old English bru<\/em>) on or near the track (Old English hraca<\/em>) over which oxen (oxa<\/em>) were taken\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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P<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PACKER SPOUT GARDENS<\/strong> is a small public park south-west of Rochdale<\/strong> town centre.\u00a0 The gardens were opened in 1934 and laid out round Packer Spout, a fountain in an oval-shaped pool fed by a natural spring (Middle English spoute<\/em>).\u00a0 The spring fed a reservoir built in 1760 which was used to supply water from drinking and also to power a corn mill until it was demolished in 1934.\u00a0 The name is a shortening of packhorse<\/em>, as horses stopped there to drink in earlier times.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PADDEN BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Goyt<\/strong> which runs through Romiley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>. It then joins Chadkirk<\/strong> Brook before emptying into the Goyt.\u00a0 The name is little documented but might come from the Old English patte<\/em>, meaning \u2018mud, marsh\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PADDINGTON<\/strong> is a residential area of Pendleton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is not well documented before 1846, when it was created as a parish.\u00a0 The name would seem to be an example of gentrification \u2013 when a prestigious name of a district of London is adopted in an attempt to elevate the reputation of an area. \u00a0Paddington<\/em> in London is recorded in about 1045 and means \u2018the farm or homestead belonging to Padda<\/em>\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PAINSWICK PARK <\/strong>is a public park in Woodhouse Park<\/strong> in Wythenshawe <\/strong>in southern Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally a farm that was taken over in the late 1950s as a landfill site.\u00a0 In 1962, it was acquired by Manchester Corporation and opened in 1968 as a park with an artificial lake.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but may have been transferred from Painswick<\/em> in Gloucestershire, which is an eponym derived from the personal name Pain<\/em> + wiche<\/em> (\u2018a farm, especially a dairy farm\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PALATINE BRIDGE <\/strong>is a road bridge across the River Irwell<\/strong> between Salford<\/strong> and Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 1864 to provide better access to Victoria Station<\/strong>, which had been opened in 1843.\u00a0 It was sited beside and so took its name from the Palatine<\/em> Hotel and the Palatine<\/em> Buildings, which were named after the County Palatine<\/em> of Lancaster. \u00a0Lancashire was made a county palatine<\/em> in 1351 to indicate that it was administered by the Duke of Lancaster through powers conferred by the palace (Latin palatium<\/em>), i.e. by the monarch.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PANKHURST CENTRE<\/strong> is a museum and women\u2019s centre in Chorlton-on-Medlock<\/strong> in central Manchester<\/strong> commemorating the life and work of Emmeline Pankhurst<\/em> (1858-1928) and the suffragette movement.\u00a0 The centre is housed in a pair of villas in Nelson Street.\u00a0 Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters Sylvia, Christabel and Adela lived in No. 62 from 1898 and established the suffragette movement there in 1903.\u00a0 The centre was opened in 1987.\u00a0 A statue to Emmeline Pankhurst was unveiled in St Peter\u2019s Square<\/strong> in 2018.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PARK BRIDGE <\/strong>is a village north of Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the Park Bridge<\/em> Ironworks, which were established in 1786 and developed as a village in the second quarter of the 19th<\/sup> century as housing was provided for the workers.\u00a0 The name of the company came from nearby Lyme Park<\/em><\/strong> and a bridg<\/em>e over the River Medlock<\/strong> beside the works.\u00a0 The company made rivets for the Eiffel Tower, Sydney Harbour Bridge and the Titanic, but closed in 1963 and the site is now the Park Bridge Heritage Centre.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PARK BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong> that rises east of Ramsbottom<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> and flows west into the Irwell in Nuttall Park<\/strong>, from which it takes its name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PARKFIELD<\/strong> is an area of Middleton<\/strong>, about 9 kilometres north-east of Manchester<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name originated with Parkfield House<\/em>, which was built by a local magistrate, Thomas Ashton, and apparently named to reflect the house\u2019s landscaped grounds.\u00a0 Middleton became a municipal borough in 1886 and it acquired Parkfield House as its town hall in 1925.\u00a0 The house was demolished in 1978.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PARR BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises in Unsworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> and flows north-west to join the Roch at Blackford Bridge<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is found on 19th<\/sup>-century maps but the origin is uncertain:\u00a0 it could come from Old English paerr<\/em> or peru<\/em>, meaning \u2018pear tree\u2019 and suggesting that pears grew locally, or from Old English pearr<\/em>, meaning \u2018an enclosure\u2019, indicating that it was a stream that flowed through or beside enclosed land.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PARR BROW <\/strong>is a small residential area east of Tyldesley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It sits on a slope (Old English bru<\/em>) named for the Parr<\/em> family, who were wealthy landowners and traders who are recorded as living in the area from the 17th<\/sup> century – John Parr died in 1663.\u00a0 Parr Brow gives its name to a railway cutting built in the 1860s by the London & North Western Railway as part of the Tyldesley loopline.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PARR FOLD PARK <\/strong>is a 7.4-hectare public park in Walkden<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears as Parrfold<\/em> Farmhouse in the late 17th<\/sup> or early 18th<\/sup> century and is probably an eponym, but it is not known who the Parr<\/em> was who owned the fold<\/em> \u2013 the name for a small farmstead, many of which later had coal mines.\u00a0 In 1905 Worsley <\/strong>Urban District Council purchased the land on which the farmstead stood and opened it as a public park.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PARRS WOOD<\/strong> is a residential area of East Didsbury<\/strong> in south Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is said to be recorded in 1587 and it would seem to be an eponym, but who the Parr<\/em> was that owned the wood<\/em> is unclear.\u00a0 There were several Parr families in the area but none can be traced as far back as the late 16th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It has even been suggested that they may have been related to Henry VIII\u2019s sixth wife, Catherine Parr (1512-48), but there would seem to be no proof of this.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PARSONAGE GARDENS<\/strong> is a small garden in the centre of Manchester<\/strong> just off Deansgate<\/strong>.\u00a0 The site was originally known as Parsonage Croft and dates from 1635 as the site of the home of the parson of the original St Mary\u2019s Church.\u00a0 A new church was built on the site in 1756 but was demolished in 1891, followed by Parsonage House in 1897.\u00a0 The site then became Parsonage Gardens and has remained a tranquil garden, apart from the detonation of an IRA bomb on 3 December 1992.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PARTINGTON<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> about 16 kilometres south-west of Manchester <\/strong>city centre on the south bank of Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was part of Bowdon<\/strong> parish in Cheshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1260 as Partinton<\/em> and with its modern spelling in 1577.\u00a0 It means the \u2018the farm (-t\u016bn<\/em>) of the people of followers of (-inga-) Pearta<\/em>\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PASSMONDS <\/strong>is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, north-west of the main town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Passmans<\/em> in 1765, Parsmans<\/em> in 1851 and Passmonds<\/em> in 1891, although Parsmans<\/em> remained in use until well into the 20th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name seems to be an eponym and members of a Passman <\/em>family have been traced in the area as far back as 1637.\u00a0 There are several theories about the origin of the family name but as the spelling varies so much there is little agreement and no theory is particularly compelling.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PATRICROFT<\/strong> is a suburb of the City of Salford.<\/strong>\u00a0 Patricroft was a bridging point on the earliest section of the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong> when it was opened on 17 July 1761.\u00a0 It was also a bridging point for the Liverpool & Manchester Railway, which opened in 1830, and Patricroft<\/em> station was opened on 15 September of that year, making it one of the earliest railway stations in the world.\u00a0 It soon developed into an industrial area because of its position by the canal and railway, and also because it had clean air it was felt to be healthier than the centre of industrial Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 Croft<\/em> means \u2018enclosure, enclosed field\u2019, while Patri-<\/em> may be from the Middle English pertre<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018pear-tree\u2019) or, more likely, a version of the personal forename Patrick<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The PEAK DISTRICT <\/strong>is a hilly area mostly in Derbyshire <\/strong>but with parts in Cheshire<\/strong>, Staffordshire, South and West Yorkshire<\/strong> and eastern Great Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is eponymous:\u00a0 the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle <\/em>of the late 9th<\/sup> century refers to the area as the Peaclond<\/em>, meaning the land of the Pecs<\/em>\u00e6tan<\/em> tribe.\u00a0 The tribe\u2019s name means \u2018hill dwellers\u2019, from Old English p<\/em>\u0113ac<\/em> (\u2018peak, pointed hill\u2019) + s<\/em>\u01e3te <\/em>(\u2018dwellers, settlers\u2019).\u00a0 Interestingly, only one of the peaks in the Peak District is actually called a \u2018peak\u2019 \u2013 Calver Peak (Old English calf<\/em> (‘calf’) + ofer<\/em> (\u2018slope, ridge’), meaning \u2018a hillside where calves and cattle are kept\u2019) in Derbyshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Much of the Peak District is in the 1420 square-kilometre Peak District National Park, which was created in 1951 as England\u2019s first national park.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEAR MILL <\/strong>or PEAR NEW MILL<\/strong> is a retail location in Bredbury<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally built as a cotton spinning mill in 1908-1913 and was possibly the last textile mill in Stockport to go into production.\u00a0 It was built beside the River Goyt<\/strong> on the site of Pear Tree Farm,<\/em> from which it takes its name.\u00a0 The name is celebrated by a gigantic concrete pear-shaped dome on the roof.\u00a0 The mill was closed in 1978 and converted into retail outlets.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEARSON\u2019S FLASH <\/strong>is a man-made lake south-west of Ince-in-Makerfield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> that forms one of the seven subsidence \u2018flashes\u2019 of Wigan Flashes Nature Reserve<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was formed on 6 April 1889 when the Leigh <\/strong>branch of the Leeds & Liverpool Canal broke its banks.\u00a0 It takes its name from the local coal-mining and industrial company of Pearson<\/em> & Knowles, which was originally founded in 1840 by Thomas Pearson<\/em> (1824-83), who later became mayor of Wigan.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEEL<\/strong> is a residential area of Worsley<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>, which includes a park, which is not to be confused with Peel Park<\/strong> in Salford.\u00a0 The name is taken from Peel Hall<\/em>, a stately home previously known as Wicheaves Hall.\u00a0 Wicheaves<\/em> is recorded in 1323 and means \u2018the edge of the elm wood\u2019, from Old English wice<\/em> (\u2018wych-elm\u2019) + efes<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018an edge or border, especially of a wood\u2019).\u00a0 Wicheaves Hall was renamed Peel Hall at the end of the 18th<\/sup> century, referring back to a 12th<\/sup> century name, Peel, from the Old English peel<\/em>, \u2018a palisade, a fortified enclosure\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEEL CAUSEWAY<\/strong> was the name for part of what is now Hale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded as Peel Causeway Farm in 1701, although a place named Peel was found in the area in 1462.\u00a0 It is probably derived from the Old English peel<\/em>, \u2018a palisade, a fortified enclosure\u2019, and the causeway<\/em> was part of what is now Ashley Road.\u00a0 The name was standardised as Peel Causeway when the Cheshire Midland Railway opened a station with this name in 1862 but the name of the village was dropped when in was incorporated into Hale in 1900 and the station name was also changed to Hale in 1902.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEEL CENTRE<\/strong> is a retail area close to the centre of Stockport<\/strong> town centre.\u00a0 It was first developed in 1987 and expanded in 2010.\u00a0 It was built by the Peel Group<\/em>, a property company founded in the 1960s by John Whittaker, who came from Bury <\/strong>and was so inspired by Bury-born prime minister Sir Robert Peel<\/em> (1788-1850) that he named the company after him.\u00a0 The company also now own the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEEL GREEN <\/strong>is a residential and recreational area west of Eccles<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 Some sources suggest that Barton Moss<\/strong> railway station, which was opened in 1832, was described as being at Peel Green, but this cannot be verified.\u00a0 However, the name does appear on the first Ordnance Survey map of the area in 1848.\u00a0 It was named in honour of Sir Robert Peel<\/em> (1788-1850), a former prime minister who had promoted the nearby Peel Park<\/strong>, which was opened in 1846.\u00a0 The Green<\/em> refers to the green<\/em> open spaces along Worsley <\/strong>Brook, a tributary of the Mersey <\/strong>which flows through Peel Green.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEEL HALL<\/strong> is a suburb of the City of Manchester<\/strong> on the eastern side of Wythenshawe<\/strong>, about 14.5 kilometres south of Manchester city centre.\u00a0 It takes its name from a mediaeval moated country house originally built in the 14th<\/sup> century by Sir John de Arderne named The Peele<\/em>, from the Middle English peel<\/em>, meaning \u2018a moated and fortified house\u2019.\u00a0 The house was derelict by the 1960s and was demolished.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEEL PARK <\/strong>is a large park in Salford<\/strong> opened in 1846 and named after Sir Robert Peel<\/em> (1788-1850), a former prime minister who did a lot to promote and fund public parks in Victorian England.\u00a0 In 1850, the Salford Museum and Art Gallery was built overlooking the park.\u00a0 In 1896 Salford Royal Technical Institute was opened and this now forms part of the Peel Campus of the University of Salford.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEEL TOWER <\/strong>or PEEL MONUMENT<\/strong> is a 39-metre memorial on Holcombe Hill<\/strong> in Ramsbottom<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 1850-1852 to commemorate Sir Robert Peel<\/em> (1788-1850), a former prime minister and founder of the modern police force, who was born in Bury.\u00a0 There are also places in Australia, Canada and New Zealand named after Peel.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEINE SQUARE <\/strong>is a public space in front of the civic centre in Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 The square is named after the German town of Peine<\/em> in Lower Saxony, with which Heywood has been twinned since 1967.\u00a0 Peine is said to be named after Berthold von Pagin<\/em>, a 12th<\/sup> century knight.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEMBERTON <\/strong>is a suburb of Wigan<\/strong> on the banks of the River Douglas<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1212 as Penberton<\/em>, meaning \u2018barley hill settlement\u2019 from the Celtic penn<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019) or Old English penn<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019) + Old English bere <\/em>(\u2018barley\u2019) + t\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018enclosure, village\u2019).\u00a0 Pemberton is found at the foot of a 95-metre hill named Orrell, which gave its name to the nearby suburb of Orrell<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PENCIL BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Beal <\/strong>that rises in Higher Rushcroft<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>and flows north-east to meet the Beal in Goats<\/strong>.\u00a0 The origin and date of the name are undocumented, but there have been several suggestions.\u00a0 There seems to be no record of pencil manufacture in the area but the stream is straight for much of its present course and it has been suggested that this could be the origin of the name.\u00a0 More likely is that it derives from Old English pensel<\/em> or pensil<\/em>, meaning \u2018a small pen<\/em> or enclosure\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PENDLEBURY<\/strong> is a town in the City of Salford<\/strong> about 6 kilometres north-west of Manchester.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name is recorded as Penelbiri<\/em> in 1202 but the modern spelling was not adopted until after 1567.\u00a0 The name means \u2018fort on a hill\u2019, with reduplication of Celtic and Old English elements meaning \u2018hill\u2019, from the Celtic pen<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019) + Old English –hyll<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019) + burh <\/em>(\u2018fort\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PENDLETON<\/strong> is an inner-city suburb north-west of the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1200 as Penelton<\/em>, meaning \u2018the t\u016bn <\/em>or village of or near Penhill\u2019.\u00a0 Pendleton is on a 70-metre ridge and it is believed that this must at one time have been called Penhyll<\/em> from Celtic pen<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019) + Old English –hyll<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEN LEACH BROOK <\/strong>or PENLEACH BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong> that rises north-east of Leigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and flows south-east to join Bedford Brook<\/strong>, and ultimately meets the River Glaze<\/strong> near Warrington.\u00a0 The name is recorded on the Ordnance Survey maps of the late 19th<\/sup> century but its origin and meaning are uncertain.\u00a0 A literal interpretation of its elements suggests \u2018a muddy stream (Old English laecc<\/em>) below a headland (Celtic penn<\/em>) or beside an animal enclosure (Old English penn<\/em>)\u2019, but this meaning and derivation cannot be verified.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The PENNINES <\/strong>are a range of hills running along the spine of England and some of the places in north-eastern Greater Manchester<\/strong> can be said to be on the slopes of the Pennines.\u00a0 The name was not coined until about 1757, when Charles Julius Bertram fraudulently claimed to have found it in a 14th<\/sup> century manuscript.\u00a0 The name is thought to have been influenced by or copied from the Apennines<\/em>, the Italian mountain chain.\u00a0 The origin of this name is usually given as the Celtic penn<\/em>, meaning \u2018mountain top\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PENNINGTON<\/strong> is a suburb of Leigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1246 as Pinington<\/em>, usually said to mean \u2018a village or farmstead paying a penny rent\u2019, from Old English pening <\/em>+ t\u016bn<\/em>.\u00a0 Alternatively, it could be an eponym meaning \u2018a settlement belonging to a man named Pinna<\/em>\u2019.\u00a0 Pennington gives its name to Pennington<\/strong> Flash Country Park <\/strong>and Pennington Brook, a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PENNINGTON FLASH COUNTRY PARK<\/strong> is a 490-hectare recreational area near Leigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan <\/strong>which forms part of the Flashes of Wigan and Leigh.<\/strong>\u00a0 The park, opened in 1981, is centred on Pennington Flash, a 70-hectare lake created in the early 20th<\/sup> century by subsidence from Bickershaw<\/strong> colliery.\u00a0 The name comes from the nearby township of Pennington<\/em> + flash<\/em>, a lake formed by subsidence.\u00a0 Pennington Brook is a 3.5-kilometre stream that flows out of Pennington Flash before joining Glaze Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PENNINGTON GREEN <\/strong>is a village south of Aspull<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Pennington<\/em> Hall, which was owned by the Pennington<\/em> family from the 13th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The hall was demolished in 1964 but much of the estate had been transformed into a public park in 1920.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u2018PERSONCHESTER\u2019<\/strong> is a name that has been suggested (despite the etymology and Manchester\u2019s record in promoting women\u2019s rights) as a non-sexist version of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The suggestion goes back at least as far as 1977 but a 2017 campaign to change the name of Manchester United football club came to nothing.\u00a0 However, another campaign was later launched in 2023 to change the name of the city.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PHILIPS PARK, Bradford<\/strong>, is a 12.5-hectare public park of east Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened on 22 August 1846 as one of the first municipal parks in the world and was named after Mark Philips<\/em> (1800-1873), who was one of Manchester\u2019s first two MPs and who campaigned for public parks in the industrialised towns and cities of Victorian England.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PHILIPS PARK, Prestwich<\/strong>, is a 52-hectare nature reserve and forms part of Prestwich<\/strong> Forest Park in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally a mediaeval deer park, established in 1291 by the Pilkington<\/strong> family.\u00a0 It was purchased in 1785 by Thomas Philips <\/em>(1728-1811), a local businessman.\u00a0 In 1830 his nephew, Robert Philips<\/em> (1760-1844), a textile-mill owner, built the family home in \u2018the park\u2019.\u00a0 Philips Park was purchased by Whitefield<\/strong> and Prestwich Councils in 1946, and opened as a public park in 1948.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PICCADILLY<\/strong> is a district in central Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name was first applied in 1780 to a street that had previously been known as Lever\u2019s Row, and was then used for the surrounding district, which had been called Daub Holes (see Daubhill<\/strong>), by about 1812.\u00a0 The name came from the affluent area of Piccadilly<\/em> in London and is another example of gentrification \u2013 trying to improve the image of an area by transferring a fashionable or aristocratic name from elsewhere.\u00a0 In time, the name was applied to the nearby Piccadilly Gardens<\/strong> and Piccadilly station<\/strong>.\u00a0 Piccadilly<\/em> in London took its name in the mid-17th<\/sup> century from the French piccadill<\/em>, a kind of stiff collar that was made in the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PICCADILLY GARDENS <\/strong>are a public open space with a bus station in central Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The gardens were laid out in the 1930s after the demolition of the original Manchester Royal Infirmary in 1910, and named after the nearby street of Piccadilly<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PICCADILLY STATION<\/strong> is Manchester<\/strong>\u2019s principal railway station.\u00a0 It was opened on 8 May 1842 by the Manchester & Birmingham and Sheffield Ashton-under-Lyne and Manchester railways as Store Street<\/strong>.\u00a0 The Manchester & Birmingham\u2019s successor, the London & North Western Railway, renamed it London Road<\/strong> in 1847.\u00a0 In 1960, following electrification and modernisation, it was renamed Piccadilly after the nearby Piccadilly Gardens<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PICKHILL BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that is formed west of Pobgreen<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> through the confluence of Royle Brook<\/strong> and Capper Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 It then flows west to meet the Tame in Uppermill<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the 19th<\/sup> century and derives from Middle English pightel<\/em>, meaning \u2018a small enclosure, croft\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PICKLEY GREEN<\/strong> is a village about 3.2 kilometres north of Leigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the opening of a colliery in 1804 but the village church dates from the 12th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 There are different suggestions for its origin.\u00a0 One is that it is an eponym:\u00a0 Anglo-Saxon personal name Pic<\/em> or Picco<\/em> (perhaps related to pike<\/em>, the mediaeval weapon) + Old English l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018woodland clearing\u2019).\u00a0 Perhaps more likely is Middle English pightle<\/em>, meaning \u2018a small field or enclosure, a croft\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PIETHORNE BROOK<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Beal <\/strong>that rises on the moors at Rock Stones Hill, south-east of Littleborough<\/strong>, and flows south-west through a series of reservoirs (Ogden, Kitcliffe, Piethorne, Hanging Lees, Norman Hill<\/strong> and Rooden<\/strong> Reservoirs) constructed in 1858-1878 to meet the Beal at Milnrow<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the 19th<\/sup> century but it is said come from Middle English pie<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018magpie\u2019) + thorn<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018hawthorn-tree\u2019), both of which are found in the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PIGS LEE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong> that rises east of Walmersley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> and then flows west and south-south-west 507 metres to meet the Irwell near Burrs Country Park<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is thought to take its name from a settlement meaning \u2018a clearing (l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em>) where pigs are kept\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PILKINGTON<\/strong> is (or was) a residential district of Prestwich<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> beside the River Irwell<\/strong> where it meets the River Croal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1202 as Pulkinton<\/em> and with its modern spelling in 1246.\u00a0 It is an eponym, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Pilheard<\/em> or Pileca<\/em> + inga<\/em> (\u2018belonging to\u2019) + t\u016bn <\/em>(\u2018enclosure, farmstead, village\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PILSWORTH<\/strong> is a residential area of Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1243 as Pylesworth<\/em>, an eponym meaning \u2018Pil\u2019s settlement\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Pil <\/em>or Pilheard<\/em> + Old English worth<\/em> (\u2018enclosure, settlement\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PIMHOLE <\/strong>is a residential area east of Bury<\/strong> town centre to the west of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1650 but is not well documented.\u00a0 It may be derived from the Old English pimb<\/em>, meaning \u2018wood, tree\u2019 + hole<\/em>, meaning \u2018hollow, valley\u2019, so that the meaning could be \u2018the valley (of the River Roch) where wood grows\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PINGOT QUARRY WATERFALL <\/strong>is a small waterfall near Lamberhead Green<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name seems to have originated as The Pingot<\/em>, a dialect word meaning \u2018a small croft or enclosure of land\u2019.\u00a0 It originally referred to a spring of pure water which supplied nearby Pemberton<\/strong>, but this was closed down in 1880.\u00a0 Late in the 19th<\/sup> century the name was applied to a sandstone quarry on Crompton<\/strong> Moor that was closed down during the 1970s.\u00a0 Water that cascades off the moor into the quarry is known as the Pingot Quarry Waterfall, and this then forms the Old Brook, which eventually flows into the River Beal<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PITSES <\/strong>is a small residential area close to the River Medlock<\/strong> and east of Alt<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Pitses goes back to mediaeval times and it has been suggested that it may be a reduplicated plural of pits<\/em>, perhaps indicating early coal workings in the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PLANK LANE<\/strong> is a residential area on the western edge of Leigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the building of Plank Lane Lock<\/em> on the Leigh branch of the Leeds & Liverpool Canal in 1819, but the name may refer to an earlier wooden or plank bridge across marshy or flooded land from the Middle English plank<\/em> or plaunke<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PLATT BRIDGE<\/strong> is a residential area of Wigan<\/strong>, about 3 kilometres south-east of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is found in 1212 as Platte<\/em> and as Plat Bridge<\/em> in 1599.\u00a0\u00a0 The name is an example of reduplication as Middle English plat<\/em> actually means \u2018a footbridge\u2019, presumably referring to a bridge over the nearby Borsdane<\/strong> Brook.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PLATT<\/strong> FIELDS PARK <\/strong>is a 2.4-hectare park in Rusholme<\/strong>, south of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1150, when the \u2018lands of Platt\u2019<\/em> were given to the Knights of St John.\u00a0 This suggests that the name is an eponym and the Platt family are known to have owned an estate in this area from the 13th<\/sup> to the 17th<\/sup> centuries.\u00a0 The estate was purchased by the City of Manchester in 1908 and opened to the public as Platt Fields Park in 1910.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The PLAZA <\/strong>is a cinema and theatre off Mersey Square<\/strong> in Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in an extravagant art deco style with a rising organ and opened on 7 October 1932.\u00a0 It was named the Plaza<\/em> \u2013 a popular name for cinemas in the north-west of England at the time, derived from the Spanish for space or market.\u00a0 It closed as a cinema on 31 December 1966 and was converted to a bingo hall.\u00a0 In March 2000 it was sold to the Stockport Plaza Trust, refurbished and re-opened as a cinema and theatre on 7 October 2000.\u00a0 It now has Grade II listing and is frequently used for period films and TV dramas.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PLUMPTON WOOD\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>There are several places called Plumpton in what was Lancashire<\/strong> and elsewhere in England, all meaning \u2018farmstead or village where plums grow\u2019, from the Old English plume<\/em> + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>.\u00a0 Plumpton Wood north of Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> is recorded in 1826, when it was the scene of a notorious murder.\u00a0 It also gives its name to Plumpton Wood Brook, a short tributary of the River Roch<\/strong> that flows through Plumpton Wood to meet the Roch east of Hooley Bridge<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
POBGREEN <\/strong>or POB GREEN <\/strong>is a hamlet east of Uppermill <\/strong>in the area of Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1725 but it is known that the church and adjoining settlement date back to mediaeval times.\u00a0 The origin of the name is obscure, but may derive from the dialect term pob<\/em>, meaning \u2018waste material from the manufacture of flax or other textiles\u2019, but this cannot be confirmed.\u00a0 It is known that textile production, including flax, was carried out in the area from the 18th<\/sup> century and perhaps earlier.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
POCKET <\/strong>or The POCKET<\/strong> is a residential and industrial area in Deane<\/strong> on the outskirts of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It appears on a map of 1850 as a pocket<\/em> of land south of the River Croal<\/strong>.\u00a0 Croal means \u2018winding stream\u2019 and Pocket seems to have to developed in one of its many meanders.\u00a0 The term \u2018pocket\u2019 is being perpetuated with the laying out of \u2018pocket parks\u2019 along the banks of the Croal.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
POISE BROOK<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Goyt<\/strong> which rises in High Lane<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport.<\/strong>\u00a0 It then flows through Poise Bank Local Nature Reserve in north-west Offerton<\/strong> to join the Goyt in Woodbank Memorial Park<\/strong> in eastern Stockport.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in about 1350 as Puysclogh<\/em>, meaning \u2018pease valley or valley where peas grow\u2019, from the French pois<\/em> or Middle English pease <\/em>+ cl\u014dh<\/em> (\u2018deep valley\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
POLEFIELD<\/strong> is a residential area of Prestwich<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The location seems to date from the early 16th<\/sup> century, when it is said to have been called Deadwenclough (\u2018Dead women in a stream\u2019).\u00a0 The name Polefield<\/em> seems to have been adopted later in the century and was the site of Polefield House and Polefield Hall.\u00a0 The name was derived from Old English pol\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018a pole or beacon, especially one used for communication\u2019) + feld<\/em>.\u00a0 Polefield Hall was demolished in the 1930s and the land was used to build a housing estate.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
POMONA ISLAND <\/strong>and POMONA DOCKS\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Pomona Island is an island on the River Irwell<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford <\/strong>that was originally named Strawberry Island.\u00a0 In 1845 the island was developed into a leisure centre and renamed Pomona <\/em>Gardens after the Roman goddess of fruit and gardens.\u00a0 In 1875 a huge concert hall was built, the Royal Pomona Palace, the largest in Victorian England and capable of seating more than 30,000 people.\u00a0 In June 1887, an explosion at a nearby chemical factory badly damaged the Royal Pomona Palace \u2013 it was closed and sold for docks on the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The canal was completed in 1894 and Pomona Docks were opened in 1903.\u00a0 The docks were closed in 1982 and fell into decline, but there are plans for development around the Metrolink tram stop of Pomona, which was opened in December 1999.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
POOLSTOCK <\/strong>is a residential area of Wigan<\/strong> about one kilometre south-west of the town centre, close to the River Douglas<\/strong> and the Leeds & Liverpool Canal.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1520 as Pulstoke<\/em> and means something like \u2018place near or beside a pool\u2019, from the OId English pull<\/em> (\u2018pool\u2019) + stoc <\/em>(\u2018place, outlying settlement\u2019).\u00a0 It has been suggested that Poolstock was an outlying settlement used for summer grazing by the River Douglas for cattle from elsewhere.\u00a0 Poolstock Brook is a tributary of the River Douglas, which rises near Poolstock and flows north-west to meet to Douglas south of Wigan.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The PORTICO <\/strong>is an independent subscription library in Mosley Street in central Manchester <\/strong>that was opened in 1806.\u00a0 It takes its name both from its architecture, with a Greek-style portico<\/em> as its main entrance, and because it was intended to be a gateway to knowledge and literature.\u00a0 William Gaskell, the husband of Elizabeth Gaskell<\/strong>, was its chairman for 30 years.\u00a0 Peter Mark Roget was its first secretary and began writing his Thesaurus there.\u00a0 The library is now housed on the first floor.\u00a0 The ground floor is occupied by a pub called \u2018The Bank\u2019, recalling the days when it was leased to the Bank of Athens.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PORTLAND BASIN WAREHOUSE<\/strong> is a canal museum near Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is located at the junction of the Ashton and Huddersfield Canals in a warehouse built in 1834 beside the wharves of Portland Basin, which was opened in the 1820s and named after the 3rd<\/sup> Duke of Portland<\/em> (1738-1809).\u00a0 Canal traffic ceased in the 1960s and much of the warehouse was destroyed by fire in 1972, but the canal and warehouse have been restored and the museum opened in 1985 and expanded in 2005.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PORTWOOD<\/strong> is a residential area of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> that was in Cheshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Portwode<\/em> in 1337, from Old English port <\/em>+ wood<\/em>, meaning \u2018the wood by the port\u2019, apparently referring to a wood close to Stockport.\u00a0 Port<\/em> here means \u2018town, market\u2019 rather than \u2018harbour\u2019.\u00a0 Portwood Hall, which was built in 1546 and stood on the banks of the Mersey<\/strong>, was noted for its orchards, gardens and deer park. In 1732, a silk mill was built at Portwood which can claim to be the first water-powered textile mill in north-west England.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
POT GREEN <\/strong>is a small residential and conservation area south-west of Ramsbottom<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Bury of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The settlement dates from the 17th<\/sup> century but the origin of the name seems to be undocumented.\u00a0 However, it seems likely that the derivation is similar to that of nearby Holcombe Brook<\/strong>, where hol<\/em> means \u2018hole\u2019 or \u2018hollow\u2019.\u00a0 Similarly, the pot<\/em> of Pot Green could be a depression or hollow in the landscape.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
POTS AND PANS <\/strong>is a landmark on top of Alderman\u2019s Hill<\/strong> in the Peak District<\/strong> overlooking Uppermill<\/strong> and the Tame<\/strong> valley in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It consists of a pile of hollowed-out boulders resembling pots and<\/em> pans<\/em>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1843 but the rocks are said to have been thrown by two Saddleworth<\/strong> giants named Alder and Alphin<\/strong> in an ancient battle.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
POUNDSWICK <\/strong>was a rural area of Northern Etchells<\/strong> which since the 1930s has largely been swallowed up by Wythenshawe<\/strong> in south Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1280 as Pundesok<\/em>, from the Old English pund<\/em> (\u2018pound, enclosure for animals\u2019) + \u0101c <\/em>(\u2018oak\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
POWNALL GREEN<\/strong> is an area of Bramhall<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> which was included in Cheshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in the 12th<\/sup> century as Pohenhale<\/em>, meaning the \u2018nook of land (halh<\/em>) belonging to someone called Pohha<\/em>\u2019 and in 1297 a Richard de Pounale<\/em> is recorded as a farmer in the Wilmslow area of north Cheshire but the Bramhall Pownalls were descended from Humphrey Pownall, who leased land from the Davenports of Bramall Hall<\/strong> and who died in 1604.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PRESTOLEE <\/strong>is a village in Kearsley<\/strong> on the River Irwell<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, which was formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1618 as Prestall Lee<\/em> and it was often written as two words until later in the century.\u00a0 The name means \u2018the clearing or meadow (–<\/em>l\u0113ah<\/em>) of the hall<\/em> of the priests (pr\u0113ost<\/em>)\u2019.\u00a0 The priests\u2019 hall refers to the nearby oratory at Farnworth<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PRESTWICH<\/strong><\/a> is a town on the northern bank of the River Irwell <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>, about 5 kilometres north of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1194 as Prestwich<\/em>, meaning \u2018priest\u2019s farm or village\u2019 or even \u2018parsonage or rectory\u2019, from Old English pr\u0113ost<\/em> + w\u012bc<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PRETTYWOOD<\/strong> is a small area west of Heywood<\/strong> overlooking the River Roch<\/strong> on the border between the metropolitan boroughs of Rochdale<\/strong> and Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is not documented before 1850 and then developed in the second half of the 19th<\/sup> century, with Prettywood road bridge over the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway built in about 1875 and the nearby Railway Inn in 1883.\u00a0 The name is apparently aspirational.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PRICKSHAW BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Spodden<\/strong> that rises east of Whitworth in Lancashire <\/strong>and flows south-east to Spring Mill Reservoir<\/strong>.\u00a0 It then flows east to meet the Spodden north-east of Catley Lane Head<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1292 as Prikkeschagh<\/em>, meaning something like \u2018the thorny (Old English prica<\/em>) enclosure (Old English h<\/em>\u00e6g<\/em>)\u2019 or \u2018the enclosure surrounded by thorns\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PRIESTNALL<\/strong> is a residential and recreational area of Heaton Mersey<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Priestnall<\/strong> in 1696 and there have been various suggestions for its origin.\u00a0 The first element is generally assumed to be priest<\/em>; the second may be Old English halh<\/em> (\u2018nook of land\u2019), cnoll<\/em> (\u2018hillock\u2019) or cnyll<\/em> (\u2018knell\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PRIMROSE BANK <\/strong>is a residential area of south-west Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1800 and it is recorded as a hamlet in 1829.\u00a0\u00a0 The name of the primrose<\/em> flower is first recorded in 1425 and was valued as a source of evening-primrose oil.\u00a0 In 1964 Oldham Council started a major regeneration of the Primrose Bank estate.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The PRINCE\u2019S BRIDGE<\/strong> was originally a road bridge across the River Irwell<\/strong> between Salford and Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 1859-1863 and named after Prince<\/em> Albert, Queen Victoria<\/strong>\u2019s husband, who had died in 1861.\u00a0 It was rebuilt 1905 and demolished in 2015.\u00a0 It was replaced by a new Prince\u2019s Bridge, a footbridge opened in 2023.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The PRINTWORKS <\/strong>is an entertainment complex in central Manchester<\/strong> with a large cinema, bars, clubs and restaurants.\u00a0 It takes its name from the Hulton newspaper printworks<\/em> that were housed on the site from 1873 until 1988.\u00a0 The site was then sold off, redeveloped and re-opened in 2000.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PRIORY GARDENS<\/strong> are a 6-hectare public park in Sale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> that take their name from Sale Priory<\/em>, a country house built in 1711 as the home of Thomas White, a Manchester<\/strong> lawyer.\u00a0 The house later passed to his son, also Thomas White, a distinguished surgeon, and then to his son, Dr Charles White (1728-1813), the co-founder of Manchester Royal Infirmary (see Cheadle Royal<\/strong>).\u00a0 The Whites gave their name to White\u2019s Bridge<\/strong> over the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The estate was sold to Sale Council in 1923 and the priory was demolished, but the grounds were laid out as a park which is also linked to Sale Water Park<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The PUNGLE<\/strong> is a residential area south of Westhoughton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is little-documented and its origin is obscure.\u00a0 It is recorded as Pungle<\/em> in 1841 but as Pingle Closes<\/em> in 1849.\u00a0 One suggestion is that it is a corruption of Pound Hill<\/strong>, with pound<\/em> meaning an enclosure for stray cattle.\u00a0 Another is that it is a corruption of the Middle English pingel<\/em>, meaning \u2018a small enclosure\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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QUARLTON<\/strong> is a village in the north of Bolton <\/strong>that was formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1246 as Querendon<\/em>, meaning \u2018mill hill\u2019 or \u2018hill where millstones were obtained\u2019, from the Old English cweorn<\/em> (\u2018mill, millstone\u2019) + d\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019).\u00a0 The type of mill referred to is unclear and it may refer to a windmill, a water mill or simply a millstone.\u00a0 The idea that cweorn<\/em> may refer to millstones may be supported by the fact that the hard millstone grit found locally is known to have been used for millstones.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The QUEEN ALEXANDRA PICTURE HOUSE\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> The FESTIVAL THEATRE <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
QUEEN\u2019S PARK, Bolton<\/strong> is an 8.9 hectare public park north-west of the town centre.\u00a0 It was laid out to provide work for destitute mill workers during the cotton famine<\/strong> and initially named Bolton Park when opened in 1866 but was renamed Queen\u2019s Park<\/em> in 1897 to celebrate the diamond jubilee of Queen <\/em>Victoria<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
QUEEN\u2019S PARK, Harpurhey<\/strong> is a 37-hectare public park in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The land was purchased by the city in 1845 and laid out in 1846 as one of the first public parks in England.\u00a0 It was named after Queen<\/em> Victoria<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
QUEEN\u2019S PARK, Heywood <\/strong>is an 18-hectare public park in Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in 1879 and named after Queen<\/em> Victoria<\/strong>, who had given money to the town to purchase the estate of Charles Martin Newhouse (1837-73), a local cotton manufacturer who had died without making a will.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
QUICK<\/strong> is an old name for Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Saddleworth is now the term in general use but Quick survives in various place names in the locality \u2013 Quick, Quickmere, Quick Edge and Quickwood.\u00a0 The derivation is uncertain.\u00a0 A Victorian suggestion that Quick appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 as ‘Thoac’ or ‘Tohac’ has now been discounted as the Domesday entry is thought to refer to Upperthong near Holfirth.\u00a0 More recent suggestions for the origin of Quick are that it may represent a Norman pronunciation of the Old English wic<\/em>, meaning \u2018a dwelling, a building or collection of buildings, a farm\u2019, or that it is derived from Old English cwic<\/em>, meaning the wiggin tree or mountain ash.\u00a0 Perhaps the most-widely accepted proposal is that it is derived from Old English cwic<\/em>, meaning \u2018a quickset hedge\u2019, a type of hedge created by planting quick<\/em> (i.e. live) cuttings, typically hawthorn, so that they grow into a boundary hedge.\u00a0\u00a0 Quick gives its name to Quick Edge and Quick Wood, both south-south-west of Quick in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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R<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RACKHOUSE <\/strong>is a residential area of Wythenshawe<\/strong> west of Northenden <\/strong>in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded as Rack House<\/em> on a map of 1831 of Cheshire. <\/strong>\u00a0Rackhouse Farm was part of the area purchased by the City in 1926 and in 1929 it was chosen as the site of Manchester\u2019s first airport, but it closed in 1930 when Barton<\/strong> airport was opened and the area became a school.\u00a0 The derivation of \u2018rackhouse\u2019 is not documented, but the name is found elsewhere in England meaning \u2018a house<\/em> or barn where things were stored on wooden racks\u2019<\/em>. The word is not included in the Oxford English Dictionary<\/em> but it is still used in the USA for structures where whiskey barrels are stored while the bourbon matures.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RADCLIFFE<\/strong><\/a> is a town on the River Irwell <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> 11 kilometres north-west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0\u00a0 The name is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Radeclive<\/em>, meaning \u2018red cliff\u2019 and referring to the red <\/em>sandstone cliff<\/em> beside the Irwell (see<\/em> Appendix 1). It is taken from the Old English read<\/em> (\u2018red\u2019) + clif<\/em> (\u2018cliff\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RADCLIFFE EES<\/strong> is a 41-hectare area of wetland on the north bank of a meander in the River Irwell<\/strong> east of the town of Radcliffe<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 Ees<\/em> is a local word for a water meadow derived from the Old English \u0113g<\/em>, meaning \u2018island\u2019, often a piece of firm land in an area liable to flooding.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RAG HOLE BROOK <\/strong>is a short stream that rises on Dick Hill<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and flows south through Rag Hole Clough into the north-west corner of Ogden<\/strong> Reservoir.\u00a0 The name is not recorded before the mid-20th<\/sup> century and its origin is obscure.\u00a0 Local sources suggest it is from the dialect rag<\/em>, meaning \u2018hoar frost\u2019, but it could also come from OE ragge<\/em> (\u2018rough stone\u2019, hence \u2018ragged\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RAIKES CLOUGH <\/strong>is a 14-hectare wooded area beside the River Croal<\/strong> south-west of Darcy Lever<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are several places named \u2018Raikes\u2019 in the Bolton area \u2013 Raikes Bleach Works dates back to the 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The origin is thought to be Old Norse r<\/em>\u00e1k <\/em>or Middle English rake<\/em>, meaning \u2018a lane, path, track\u2019, particularly one leading to pasture.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RAIN SHORE <\/strong>or RAINSHORE <\/strong>is a hamlet and housing estate to the west of Greenbooth Reservoir<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The settlement is not well documented but local farmhouses have 1709 and 1777 on their datestones.\u00a0 The origin of the name is uncertain but it probably has nothing to do with either \u2018rain\u2019 or \u2018shore\u2019:\u00a0 it might mean \u2018steep bank (Old English scoren<\/em>) beside a small stream (rynel<\/em>)\u2019.\u00a0\u00a0 The stream could be Fordoe Brook<\/strong>, which powered 19th<\/sup>-century wool and dye mills in Rainshore.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RAINSOUGH <\/strong>is an open space and residential area in Prestwich<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is also the site of an Iron Age and Roman fort atop Rainsough Hill, although no remains are visible today.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1716, when a poorhouse was built nearby.\u00a0 The name is said to have originally been Raineshaw<\/em>, suggesting that it might have been derived from Old English hr<\/em>\u00e6fn<\/em> (\u2018raven\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RAKEWOOD <\/strong>is village south of Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is not well documented before the building of a church by the Methodists in 1867 and Rakewood Lower Mill, which is believed to date from the 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name means \u2018wood in a narrow valley\u2019, from the Old English hraeca <\/em>(\u2018mouth of a narrow valley\u2019) + wudu<\/em>.\u00a0 The valley is probably that of Hollingworth<\/strong> Brook or Longden End Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RAMSBOTTOM<\/strong><\/a> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury <\/strong>on the banks of the River Irwell.\u00a0 <\/strong>The name is recorded in 1324 as Romesbothum<\/em> and means \u2018valley bottom where wild garlic grows\u2019 from the Old English hramsa<\/em> + bothm<\/em>, suggesting that the herb may have grown along the valley.\u00a0 A less likely possibility is that it actually means \u2018ram\u2019s valley bottom\u2019 from the Old English ramm <\/em>(\u2018ram\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RAMS BROOK<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises south of Slackcote<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows north-east into the Tame.\u00a0 Rams Clough is recorded in 1739 and the name may literally mean \u2018the valley of the rams\u2019 (Old English ramm<\/em>) or, less likely, may be derived from Old English hr<\/em>\u00e6fn<\/em>, so that the meaning would be \u2018valley of the ravens\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RAVEDEN BROOK<\/strong> and RAVEDEN CLOUGH\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>Raveden or Ravden Brook is a tributary of the River Tonge<\/strong> that rises on the Pennine<\/strong> moors and flows through Smithills <\/strong>Country Park to join Dean Brook<\/strong> to form Astley<\/strong> Brook.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1429 as Rapeden<\/em> but its origin is unclear.\u00a0 It may be from the Old Norse hrapi<\/em>, meaning \u2018small shrubs\u2019, or hrapa<\/em>, meaning \u2018rushing\u2019.\u00a0 A third possibility is that it is an eponym, either from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Hraefn<\/em> or the later Raphe<\/em> or Ralphe<\/em>.\u00a0 The second element is the Old English d\u0113nu<\/em>, meaning \u2018valley\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RAVENSTONE ROCKS <\/strong>and RAVENSTONE BROW <\/strong>are found on Broadstone Moss<\/strong> in the Peak District <\/strong>National Park east of Diggle<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 The names are recorded on the Ordnance Survey of 1843 and presumably suggest that ravens were found in the area or, less likely, the rocks are shaped like a raven.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RAYNER PARK<\/strong> is a public park in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The park was opened on 15 November 1924 by Mrs Ann Alice Rayner, who gave the land to the local authority and asked that it be named after her husband, John Edward Rayner<\/em> (1851-1918), who owned several collieries in the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
READYCON DEAN BROOK<\/strong> and READYCON DEAN RESERVOIR\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>The reservoir was completed in 1883 as the highest of a series in the Denshaw<\/strong> area built to supply the growing population and industries of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 The reservoir is fed by streams from Readycom Hill<\/em> and Readycon Dean Brook<\/em> flows out of the western end of the reservoir and eventually feeds Crook Gate<\/strong>, Dowry<\/strong> and New Year\u2019s Bridge<\/strong> reservoirs.\u00a0 The water flowing out of these reservoirs then form the River Tame<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1468 as Redokindenhede<\/em>, meaning \u2018red oak valley\u2019, from the Old English r<\/em>\u0113ad <\/em>(\u2018red\u2019) + \u0101cen <\/em>(\u2018oak\u2019) + denu<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RED BANK <\/strong>is a residential area north of the River Irk<\/strong> north of Manchester <\/strong>city centre and Victoria station<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1557 as a street running north-east from the north bank<\/em> of the Irk and takes its name from the red<\/em> sandstone on which it is built and which was used in the construction of Manchester Cathedral, Chetham\u2019s Library<\/strong> and other buildings.\u00a0 It developed as a middle-class residential area in the late 18th<\/sup> and early 19th<\/sup> century but had degenerated into an industrial slum area by the middle of the 19th<\/sup> century, described (but not actually named) by Engels as \u2018utterly uninhabitable\u2019 in 1845, asking, \u2018How can people wash when they have only the dirty Irk water at hand?\u2019, but overlooking the fact that the Dolphin Baths (the first in Manchester) had been opened in Horrocks<\/strong> in Red Bank in 1836.\u00a0 The slums were demolished in the 1930s and the area is currently undergoing regeneration as part of the Victoria North<\/strong> new town project.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RED BROOK <\/strong>is a stream that is formed by the confluence of Sinderland<\/strong> Brook and Caldwell Brook<\/strong> just below Covershaw Bridge<\/strong> in Carrington<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It then flows westward and empties into the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> opposite Glaze Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 Although the stream is mentioned as far back as the 13th<\/sup> century, the current name is thought to be much more recent.\u00a0 There are a good many Red Brooks across England and they often take their name from their iron oxide content, giving them a distinct colouration, but this cannot be confirmed in this case.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
REDDISH<\/strong> is a suburb of Stockport<\/strong>, about 7.5 kilometres south-east of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1212 as Rediche<\/em> but the modern spelling is found from 1577.\u00a0 It is usually said to mean \u2018ditch where reeds grow\u2019, from Old English hr\u0113od<\/em> (\u2018reed\u2019) + d\u012bc<\/em> (\u2018ditch\u2019).\u00a0 Another possibility is that it means \u2018red ditch\u2019 from read<\/em> + d\u012bc<\/em>.\u00a0 In both cases, the d\u012bc<\/em> probably refers to Nico Ditch<\/strong>.\u00a0 Suggestions that the \u2018red ditch\u2019 was the site of an ancient and bloody battle are probably folk etymology.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
REDISHER WOOD <\/strong>is a 14-hectare local nature reserve on Holcombe Moor, west of the village of Holcombe<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1797 as Reddisher Wood<\/em> and in 1848 as Radisher Wood<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are two theories as to the origin of the name.\u00a0 One is that it means \u2018reed ditch\u2019, from Old English hr\u0113od<\/em> + d\u012bc<\/em>, referring to Holcombe Brook, which flows through the wood.\u00a0 <\/em>The other is that it means \u2018red ditch\u2019, from Old English read<\/em> + d\u012bc<\/em>, referring to the red<\/em> or ochre deposits of iron bedrock which discolour the soil and groundwater.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RED LUMB<\/strong> is a village on the moors north-west of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but Lumb<\/em> is a common place name dating back to mediaeval times across Lancashire<\/strong>, West Yorkshire<\/strong> and Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is derived from the Old English r<\/em>\u0113ad<\/em>, referring to the local red clay + lumm<\/em>, meaning \u2018a pool\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RED MOSS <\/strong>is a 47-hectare nature reserve south of Horwich<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was set aside as a nature reserve in 1999 to preserve the wildlife of the ancient moss wetland. \u00a0M<\/em>os<\/em> is the Old English for swamp or marsh, and \u2018red\u2019 presumably refers to the colour of the vegetation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
REDVALES<\/strong> is a suburb of Bury<\/strong> close to the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is an eponym which is first recorded in 1185 as Rediveshale<\/em>, meaning \u2018the nook of land belonging to the lady R\u0113dgifu<\/em>\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + halh <\/em>(\u2018nook or corner of land\u2019), referring to the large bend in the Irwell to the south-west of the current district of Redvales.\u00a0 The modern spelling suggests a rationalisation of the name in the belief that it comes from red<\/em> + vale<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
REEBOK STADIUM\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> TOUGHSHEET COMMUNITY STADIUM<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
REGENT BRIDGE <\/strong>is a road bridge across the River Irwell<\/strong> connecting Hulme<\/strong> in the City of Manchester and Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in 1808 but the chronology of the name is difficult to determine as the building pre-dates the Regency period (1811-20, when the Prince of Wales, the future George IV, acted as regent <\/em>as his father, George III, was incapacitated) and it seems that the bridge was originally known as Quaker Hall\u2019s bridge as it was built by a local Quaker named Hall who charged a ha\u2019penny toll.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RHODES <\/strong>and nearby RHODES GREEN <\/strong>and RHODES RAVINE <\/strong>are areas east of Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1332 as Rodes<\/em>, from Old English rod<\/em> meaning \u2018a clearing\u2019.\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RHODES BANK <\/strong>is a residential area of Oldham<\/strong>, west of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in parish records of 1828 as Rhodesbank<\/em> but the name is probably much older, meaning \u2018the hillside of the Rhodes<\/em> family\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RICHMOND HILL <\/strong>is, or was, a street and residential area on a low rise in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the construction of the Richmond Independent Chapel in Richmond Hill in 1845.\u00a0 The name would seem to have been transferred from Richmond Hill<\/em> in Richmond-on-Thames in what was then Surrey.\u00a0 Richmond-on-Thames was formerly called Sheen but was renamed by order of Henry VII after Richmond in North Yorkshire.\u00a0 The name means \u2018strong hill\u2019 from the Old French riche<\/em> + mont<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RIDGE HILL <\/strong>or RIDGEHILL <\/strong>is a residential and recreational area of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1848.\u00a0 It comes from the 362-metre Pennine<\/strong> hill overlooking Stalybridge and describes the shape of the hill.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RIDING GATE <\/strong>is a location in Bolton<\/strong>, about 6.5 kilometres from the town centre.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is thought to mean \u2018the cleared road\u2019, from Middle English ridden<\/em> (\u2018to clear a way\u2019) + Old Norse gata<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a road, an entrance to a field\u2019).\u00a0 Over time, the original meaning seems to have been forgotten and the name was rationalised to Riding Gate.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The RIGHTON GALLERY <\/strong>is an art gallery in central Manchester<\/strong> belonging to Manchester Metropolitan University.\u00a0 It occupies the Righton Building, originally opened in 1905 as a draper\u2019s shop built for William Righton<\/em> (1855\/56-1923).\u00a0 It late became a builders\u2019 merchants\u2019 showroom but was purchased by Manchester Corporation in 1969.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RIMMON PIT BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> which rises in the Peak District <\/strong>National Park in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>and flows through Rimmon Pit Clough (from Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>, meaning \u2018ravine, deep valley\u2019) to meet Holme Brook<\/strong>, which then meets Greenfield<\/strong> Brook and goes on to join the Tame.\u00a0 In local folklore, Rimmon was a river nymph loved by two giants, Alder<\/strong> and Alphin<\/strong>.\u00a0 The two giants fought for her love by hurling boulders at each other and Alphin was killed.\u00a0 Rimmon, who loved Alphin, killed herself.\u00a0 Pit<\/em> comes from Old English pytt<\/em>, meaning \u2018a pit or hollow\u2019.\u00a0 See also<\/em> ALDERMAN\u2019S HILL<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RINGLEY<\/strong> is a residential area on the east bank of the River Irwell<\/strong> near Kearsley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The early history of the name is not well documented but in 1420 it appears as Ryngleys<\/em>, meaning \u2018round clearing\u2019, from the Old English hring\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018ring, a circle; something circular\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018clearing, glade\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RINGWAY<\/strong> is a village, formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>, which was transferred to the City of Manchester<\/strong> in 1974.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1260 as Ringheye<\/em> and means \u2018circular hedged enclosure\u2019 and comes from the Old English hring<\/em> (\u2018ring, circle\u2019) + haeg<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019).\u00a0 Manchester Airport<\/strong> is located in Ringway.\u00a0 It was opened in 1938 as Manchester Ringway Airport but the name was changed to Manchester International Airport in 1975.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RIVERSVALE ARBORETUM <\/strong>is an arboretum (a wooded area devoted to the study and display of plants and trees) on the south bank of the River Medlock<\/strong> in Limehurst<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name originates from Riversvale <\/em>Hall, a country house built in 1843-47 but destroyed by fire in 1947.\u00a0 The name seems to be a modern coinage \u2013 river<\/em> + vale<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019) – rather than that of a previous settlement or site. The grounds and the arboretum became part of Daisy Nook<\/strong> Country Park in 1976.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROACHES <\/strong>is an area\u00a0to the north of Mossley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are several places named Roach or Roaches in England,\u00a0notably The Roaches, an escarpment in Staffordshire.\u00a0 Most are recorded in the Middle Ages and derive from the French Roche<\/em>, meaning ‘rock’.\u00a0 This may be the origin of Roaches in Mossley, and quarrying in the area may support this possibility.\u00a0 However, the name is recorded only with the opening of Roaches Lock and Roaches Bridge with the opening of the Huddersfield Narrow Canal in 1811, suggesting that the name could be an eponym.\u00a0 Church records show that there was a Roach family in Mossley at the start of the 19th century but this cannot be confirmed as the origin of the place name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROAD END <\/strong>is a residential area between Greenfield<\/strong> and Boarshurst<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is thought to date from the early 19th<\/sup> century when the Chew<\/strong> Valley turnpike road <\/em>came to an end<\/em> at this point before being extended north-west later in the century after tolls were ended in 1885.\u00a0 The toll house in Road End dates from around 1827.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River ROCH<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Irwell <\/strong>that rises in the Pennines<\/strong> south of Todmorden and joins the Irwell<\/strong> east of Radcliffe<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is evidently linked to that of the town of Rochdale<\/strong>, but the link is unclear.\u00a0 It is recorded as Rach<\/em> in the 12th<\/sup> century and it is usually said to be derived from the name of the town, which is spelled Rachedal <\/em>in 1190. \u00a0\u00a0See also<\/em> CALDERBOOK<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROCHDALE <\/strong>is a town 16 kilometres north of Manchester<\/strong> city centre that became a metropolitan borough in 1974.\u00a0 The origin of the name is complex.\u00a0 It appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Recedham<\/em> (see<\/em> Appendix 1) but Rochedale<\/em> is found from 1276.\u00a0 Although Rochdale lies on the River Roch<\/strong>, it is believed that the town gave its name to the river rather than vice versa.\u00a0 The original name was derived from Old English r\u00e6ced<\/em> (\u2018building, hall\u2019) + h\u0101m <\/em>(\u2018homestead\u2019), meaning \u2018homestead with a hall\u2019, but h\u0101m <\/em>was soon replaced by d\u00e6l<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019), referring to the valley of the River Roch, which had acquired its name by the 13th century.\u00a0 When Daniel Defoe visited the town in about 1725, he described it as a \u2018very considerable\u2019 manufacturing town but \u2018so remote, so out of the way, and so at the very foot of the mountains, that we may suppose it would be but little frequented\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROCHDALE PIONEERS MUSEUM <\/strong>and PIONEERS MARKET<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0In December 1844 the Rochdale Equitable Pioneers<\/em> Society<\/em> was established in a building in Toad Lane in Rochdale<\/strong> and, although not the first such society in Victorian England, it became the model for the co-operative movement around the world.\u00a0 The original building was purchased by the Co-operative Union in 1925 and opened as a museum in 1931.\u00a0 The Rochdale Pioneers are also commemorated in the new market which opened in January 2025.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROCHER VALE<\/strong> is a nature reserve in the valley of the River Medlock<\/strong> close to Bardsley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 In the past it was the site of the Rocher Vale colliery but it now forms part of the Park Bridge<\/strong> Heritage Centre.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but rocher<\/em>, from the Old French for \u2018rock\u2019, is found in a number of place names in what was the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROEACRE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Roch <\/strong>which rises west of Castleton<\/strong>, flows north west to meet Millers Brook<\/strong> and then flows into the Roch south of Crimble<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The brook would seem to take its name from the hamlet of Roeacre, which is little documented before the construction of Roeacre Mill in 1886.\u00a0 The name would seem to mean \u2018land where deer are found\u2019, from the Old English r\u0101 <\/em>(\u2018roebuck deer\u2019) + \u00e6cer <\/em>(\u2018arable or cultivated land\u2019), and there are many places in Greater Manchester that are named after deer (Darley Park<\/strong>, Hartshead<\/strong>, Hattersley<\/strong>, Hindley<\/strong>, Hindsford<\/strong>, Roe Cross<\/strong>, Roe Green<\/strong>), but roe<\/em> as a place-name element is often a corruption with another meaning and so further research is required to confirm the origin of the name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROEBUCK LOW BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Medlock<\/strong> which rises on the moors north of Austerlands <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, flows south-west and then south into Strinesdale<\/strong> reservoir and on into the Medlock.\u00a0 There is a village in Rossendale in Lancashire<\/strong> called Roebuck Low, but with no apparent connection to Roebuck Low Brook in Oldham, although both would seem to mean \u2018the hill (Old English hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em>) where roe (Old English r\u0101<\/em>) buck (bucc<\/em>) are found\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROE CROSS <\/strong>is a village north of Mottram in Longdendale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1842 but it is probably older.\u00a0 It means \u2018roebuck cross\u2019, from Old English r\u0101 <\/em>(\u2018roebuck deer\u2019) + cros <\/em>(\u2018cross\u2019), perhaps in reference to its position on a crossroads.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROE GREEN <\/strong>is a residential area of Worsley<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is recorded in 1585 as Rowe Green<\/em>, derived from Old English r\u0101 <\/em>(\u2018roebuck deer\u2019) + grene<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018village green, grazing area\u2019).\u00a0 Roebuck are the most common species of deer in England and are found across the north-west.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROMAN LAKES LEISURE PARK <\/strong>is a private tourist attraction outside Marple<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The \u2018lakes\u2019 originated as a series of millponds formed when the River Goyt<\/strong> was diverted to provide power for Mellor<\/strong> Mill, built in 1792.\u00a0 The mill was burnt down in 1892 and the area was converted into a pleasure park by the mill manager, Edwin Furness, who invented the spurious name to give the idea that the \u2018lakes\u2019 had been built by the Romans<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROMILEY<\/strong> is a suburban village in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see <\/em>Appendix 1) as Rumelie<\/em>, meaning \u2018the roomy clearing\u2019, from the Old English r\u016bm<\/em> or r\u016bmig <\/em>(\u2018roomy, broad, spacious\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018clearing, glade\u2019).\u00a0 Despite its name, it was recorded as having a population of zero.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROODEN RESERVOIR <\/strong>was built in 1894-1901 as one of six reservoirs fed by Piethorne Brook<\/strong> (Ogden<\/strong>, Kitcliffe<\/strong>, Piethorne<\/strong>, Hanging Lees<\/strong>, Rooden<\/strong> and Norman Hill<\/strong>) and the tributaries of Rooden Catchwater to supply water for Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 All six took their names from farms that were abandoned or submerged, and Rooden F<\/em>arm was named after a local hill.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1340 as Roden<\/em>, meaning \u2018hill with a cross\u2019, from Old English r\u014dd<\/em> (\u2018rood, cross\u2019) + d\u016bn <\/em>(\u2018hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROOLEY MOOR<\/strong> is a moorland area north of Rochdale<\/strong> that was formerly known as Shore Moor in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is said to have been changed in the 18th<\/sup> century when a Mr Rowley <\/em>(later corrupted to Rooley<\/em>) took up residence in a local inn.\u00a0 An alternative suggestion is that it is a corruption of Roelow<\/em>, meaning \u2018the hill (Old English hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em>) of the roebuck deer (Old English r\u0101<\/em>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROSCOW FOLD <\/strong>is a hamlet west of Breightmet<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It originated as a square of eleven cottages built in about 1800 and named after an Alice Roscoe<\/em>.\u00a0 Roscoe is a common name in the Bolton area and there are records of Alice Roscoes as far back as about 1578.\u00a0 A fold <\/em>is a small farmstead, often named after the owner.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROSE BRIDGE<\/strong> is a suburb of Wigan <\/strong>east of the main town centre.\u00a0 It takes its name from Rose Bridge<\/em>, which carries the main road between Manchester<\/strong> and Wigan over the Leeds & Liverpool Canal, which was completed in 1816.\u00a0 The bridge itself was built in 1817-19 but the origin of its name seems to be unknown.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROSE HILL <\/strong>is a district west of Marple<\/strong> in the Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name originally applied just to a house, Rose Hill House<\/em>, but the opening of a station by the Marple Bollington & Macclesfield Railway in 1869 under the name Marple (Rose Hill) led to the development of a community named Rose Hill.\u00a0 The original Rose Hill House was demolished in 1945.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROUGH BANK <\/strong>is a rural area of the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> north-east of Newhey<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded with its modern spelling in 1598 and as a local farmhouse dated 1607.\u00a0 It means \u2018rough hill\u2019, from the Old English ruh<\/em> + bank<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROUGHTOWN<\/strong> is a residential area in the north of Mossley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> overlooking the River Tame<\/strong> and the Huddersfield Narrow Canal.\u00a0 The name seems initially to have been unofficial, found in Old Roughtown Mill of 1820 which was powered by the local stream, Roughtown Spout, and in the Huddersfield & Manchester Railway\u2019s Roughtown overbridge of 1845-49.\u00a0 It was standardised in 1865 with the opening of Roughtown School and was then used in official records.\u00a0 There are two theories about the origin of the name.\u00a0 The more common is that it came from the rough<\/em> behaviour of the workers at the nearby Glossop quarries.\u00a0 The other is that the area was difficult to build because of the rough<\/em> and stony ground.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROUNDTHORN<\/strong> is an industrial estate and residential area developed in the mid-1950s in Wythenshawe<\/strong> in south-west Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 Roundthorn <\/em>Farm is shown on a map of 1831 and the name was later applied to the estate that was built over it.\u00a0 Roundthorn<\/em> is a place name found across northern England, derived from Anglo-French rounde<\/em> + Old English thorn<\/em>.\u00a0 There is no species of hawthorn called \u2018roundthorn\u2019 and the name refers to a circular enclosure or animal pasture surrounded by hawthorns as a sort of fence.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROWLANDS <\/strong>is a village east of Summerseat<\/strong> and within a meander of the River Irwell <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is not well documented before the building of a Wesleyan chapel in 1830.\u00a0 It is said to be an eponym and that the area was once owned by a man named Rowland<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROWTON BROOK <\/strong>and ROWTON CLOUGH\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>Rowton Brook is a tributary of the River Medlock<\/strong> which seems to rise south of Holts<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flow south-west through Rowton Clough to join the Medlock.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but there are other places named Rowton elsewhere in England and these suggest that Rowton was once a settlement that gave its name to the brook.\u00a0 Different derivations have been suggested for different places named Rowton \u2013 either Middle English routen<\/em>, \u2018to roar\u2019, or Old English r<\/em>\u016bh<\/em>, \u2018rough\u2019, + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>, meaning \u2018enclosure, village\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROXBURY <\/strong>is a residential area in south-east Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1841 as the site of the New Earth<\/strong> Colliery.\u00a0 Its origin is uncertain but may parallel that of Roxbury in Massachussetts, which was founded in 1630 as Rocksbury<\/em> \u2013 \u2018the burh<\/em> of rocks<\/em>\u2019, referring to the local sedimentary rocks.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROYAL ALBERT EDWARD INFIRMARY <\/strong>is an NHS hospital in north Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the Prince of Wales, Prince Albert Edward<\/em> (1841-1910, later King Edward VII), who, with his wife, the Princess of Wales (1844-1920, later Queen Alexandra<\/strong>) opened the hospital in 1873.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROYAL EXCHANGE\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> EXCHANGE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROYAL GEORGE AQUEDUCT <\/strong>or DIVISION BRIDGE <\/strong>is a stone aqueduct near Mossley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside <\/strong>and Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 1794-97 to carry the Huddersfield Narrow Canal over the River Tame<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was named after the nearby Royal George<\/em> Mills that were built in 1786 and named in honour of King George III<\/em> (reigned 1760-1820).\u00a0 The alternative name of Division Bridge indicates its position on the boundary between Saddleworth and Mossley.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROYAL OAK <\/strong>is a residential area of Baguley<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the Royal Oak<\/em> pub, which was built in 1936 but there is said to have been a pub on the site since the 16th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Its original name was recorded as \u2018The Oak in Baguley\u2019 in 1580 but it was changed to the Royal Oak after the restoration of King Charles II to the throne in 1660.\u00a0 Many pubs were given this name at that time to celebrate the restoration by recalling the time when Charles, then Prince Charles, escaped capture by the parliamentary army after the Battle of Worcester by hiding up an oak tree.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROYALTHORN<\/strong> was a rural area of northern Cheshire<\/strong> in Northen Etchells<\/strong>, now in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The first element was recorded in the mid-13th<\/sup> century as Ryale<\/em>, meaning \u2018rye hill\u2019, from Old English ryge<\/em> + hyll<\/em>.\u00a0 The second element, from Old English thorn<\/em> (\u2018thorn tree\u2019), is recorded in 1536 but the name was rationalised to Royalthorn by 1831.\u00a0 An inn named the Ryle Thorn gave its name to the Royal Thorn pub in Wythenshawe<\/strong> the 1930s, but this was demolished in 2001.\u00a0 The name is retained today by several roads in Sharston<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROYDS BROOK <\/strong>is s stream that rises north of Red Lumb<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and flows south-east into Greenbooth Reservoir<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is said to derive from the Old English rod<\/em>, meaning \u2018woodland clearing\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROYLE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises north of Pobgreen<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>and flows west through Royle Clough to meet Wickens Brook<\/strong> and Pickhill Brook<\/strong>, which then joins the Tame in Uppermill<\/strong>.\u00a0 Royle Clough is recorded in 1747 as Rie-holes,<\/em> probably meaning \u2018hollow<\/em> where rye<\/em> is grown\u2019, from Old English r<\/em>\u04efge<\/em> + hol<\/em>.\u00a0 Royle Brook flows south of a farm name Ryefields, which is reached from Ryefields Drive, confirming the growing of rye and the name of the brook.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROYLEY <\/strong>is a residential area of Royton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1325 as Rylegh<\/em>, meaning \u2018clearing where rye is grown\u2019, from the Old English r\u04efge<\/em> (\u2018rye\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018woodland clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROYTON<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, close to the River Irk<\/strong> and 13 kilometres north-east of Manchester <\/strong>city centre.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1226 as Ritton<\/em> and with its modern spelling from 1577.\u00a0 The name means \u2018farm or village where rye is grown\u2019 from the Old English r\u04efge<\/em> (\u2018rye\u2019) + t\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018farm, village\u2019).\u00a0\u00a0 This is one of the few place names in Greater Manchester<\/strong> that refers to an agricultural crop.\u00a0 It could be said that Greater Manchester\u2019s cotton industry began and ended in Royton \u2013 the first water-powered cotton mill in what was then Lancashire<\/strong> was Thorp<\/strong> Mill, built in 1764, and the last was Elk Mill<\/strong>, completed in 1926.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RUINS <\/strong>is a residential area of Harwood <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong> centred on a street called \u2018Ruins Lane<\/em>\u2019, which was the site of a wood and grain mill built in the last quarter of the 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The mill collapsed in the 1940s, although the lane seems to have been named much earlier, perhaps in the 19th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RUMWORTH <\/strong>is a neighbourhood in the Borough of Bolton<\/strong> that was in Lancashire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1205 as Rumwrth<\/em> and as Rumworth<\/em> in 1278.\u00a0 The name probably means \u2018the broad farm\u2019 from Old English r\u016bm<\/em> (\u2018broad, spacious\u2019) + worth<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018an enclosure\u2019).\u00a0 Rumworth lends its name to Rumworth Lodge Reservoir, which was built in 1849.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RUNNING HILL HEAD<\/strong> is a hamlet on the western edge of Saddleworth<\/strong> Moor and east of Diggle <\/strong>and Uppermill<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>. \u00a0The name is recorded in 1722 and probably refers to the many streams, such as Broadstone Brook<\/strong> and Royle Brook<\/strong>, which run<\/em> off the hill<\/em>.\u00a0 This use of run<\/em> is much earlier than its application to human movement.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RUSH BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong> that rises in Belle Vue<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong> and then flows west through Kirkmanshulme<\/strong> and Rusholme<\/strong> to meet Corn Brook<\/strong> in Moss Side<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 It has been suggested that Rush Brook lent its name to Rusholme.\u00a0 The name seems to date from mediaeval times and is quite literal:\u00a0 \u2018the brook (Old English br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em>) with rushes (rysc<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RUSHCROFT\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>Higher and Lower Rushcroft are residential areas north-west of Shaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the mid-19th<\/sup>-century, when maps of the area show Rushcroft Farm, <\/em>and by the end of the century Higher and Lower Rushcroft appear as hamlets.\u00a0 In the 1950s, estates were built to relieve Oldham\u2019s housing shortage. The name means \u2018an enclosure (Old English croft<\/em>) with rushes (rysc<\/em>)\u2019, perhaps in reference to rushes in nearby Pencil Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RUSHFORD PARK<\/strong> is a residential conservation and recreational area in Levenshulme<\/strong>, about 5 kilometres south-east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is first mentioned as Rushford Bridge<\/em>, which was probably built in 1751.\u00a0 The name means \u2018the ford with rushes\u2019, from the Old English rysc<\/em> + ford<\/em>, perhaps referring to an earlier ford across what is now the Levenshulme Road Brook.\u00a0 The building of the Manchester & Birmingham Railway line to Crewe and the opening of a station at Rushford in 1840 led to residential and commercial development, but the closure of the station in 1843 limited further development until the end of the century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RUSHOLME <\/strong>is a suburb of the City of Manchester <\/strong>about 3.5 kilometres south of the city centre that was formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded as Russum<\/em> in 1235 and means \u2018(the place at) the rushes\u2019, from the Old English ryscum<\/em>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The spelling with -holme<\/em> is from the 16th<\/sup> century and seems to be an assimilation to the \u2018-holme\/-hulme\u2019 <\/em>suffix found elsewhere in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RYDER BROW <\/strong>or RIDER BROW<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0See<\/em> WINNING HILL<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RYECROFT<\/strong> is a locality in the west of Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Borough of Tameside<\/strong> that was formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name first appears as Rycroft<\/em> in 1283 and means \u2018rye field\u2019 from Old English ryge<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018rye\u2019) + croft<\/em> (\u2018small enclosed field\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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S<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SACKVILLE GARDENS<\/strong> is a small park in central Manchester<\/strong> that takes its name from nearby Sackville Street.\u00a0 The street appears on a map of 1807 and is named after Lionel Cranfield Sackville<\/em> (1688-1765), the Duke of Dorset, who was Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.\u00a0 The land was purchased by Manchester City Corporation in 1900 and opened as a public park, originally named Whitworth<\/strong> Gardens.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SADDLEWORTH <\/strong>is a moorland area of the western Pennines<\/strong> that was part of the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong> until 1974 but is now administered as part of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name is recorded in the late 12th<\/sup> century as Sadelwrth<\/em> and with its modern spelling from 1572.\u00a0 It is usually said to mean \u2018enclosure on a saddle-shaped ridge\u2019 from Old English sadol<\/em> (\u2018saddle; saddle-shaped\u2019) + worth<\/em> (\u2018enclosure; enclosed settlement\u2019), but no such saddle-shaped hill has been identified.\u00a0 An alternative suggestion, given Saddleworth\u2019s terrain and position on the border between Yorkshire<\/strong> and Lancashire<\/strong>, is that it could mean \u2018boundary-hill settlement\u2019, from Old English scead<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018boundary\u2019) + hyll <\/em>+ worth<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SADLER\u2019S YARD<\/strong> is a 300-square-metre pedestrian square in central Manchester<\/strong> which was opened in 2015.\u00a0 It is named after James Sadler<\/em> (1753-1828), who was the first Englishman to make a balloon flight.\u00a0 Following his first ascent in Oxford on 4 October 1784, he made a further flight on 12 May 1785 from what is now Balloon Street in central Manchester to Radcliffe<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SAIL BARK MOSS <\/strong>and SAIL BARK ROCKS<\/strong> are found on Saddleworth <\/strong>Moor in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The names are recorded on the 1843 Ordnance Survey map and probably mean \u2018willow bark\u2019, from the Old English salh<\/em>, which means \u2018sallow or willow tree\u2019, + Old Norse b\u00f6rkr<\/em>, meaning \u2018bark\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ST ANN\u2019S SQUARE <\/strong>is a pedestrianised space in the centre of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is named after the nearby Anglican St Ann\u2019s<\/em> Church, which was completed in July 1712, but it also acknowledges the current monarch, Queen Ann <\/em>(1665-1714) and its patron, Lady Ann<\/em> Bland (1662-1734).\u00a0 The Act of Parliament that authorised the construction of the church stipulated that an adjacent area 30 yards wide should be set aside for a regular farmers\u2019 market for the buying and selling of animals in what was previously known as Acresfield.\u00a0 This name is thought to have been derived either from a 13th<\/sup>-century priest called Aca<\/em> or from the acre<\/em>age of the field<\/em>. The fair continued on the site until 1820.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ST GEORGE\u2019S<\/strong> is a residential and recreational area of Hulme<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from St George\u2019s<\/em> Church, built in 1826-1828 as one of 612 Anglican churches built across Britain to commemorate the Battle of Waterloo<\/strong> of 1815 and the end of the Napoleonic Wars.\u00a0 The church was closed in 1984 and converted into flats in 2000-2002, but the name lives on as the name of the district.\u00a0 The name was also celebrated in St George\u2019s Park in Hulme, but this was renamed Barrack Park<\/strong> in 1994.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ST GEORGE\u2019S PARK\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>BARRACK PARK<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ST JOHN\u2019S GARDENS <\/strong>is a park in central Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It lies on the site of the Anglican St John\u2019s<\/em> church and cemetery.\u00a0 The church was completed in 1769 but demolished in 1931.\u00a0 St John\u2019s Gardens were opened in 1932.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ST MARY\u2019S PARK, Prestwich<\/strong>, is a 6.8-hectare public amenity in the centre of Prestwich in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is laid out on land that formerly belonged to St Mary\u2019s Church<\/em> which was purchased by the local council in 1927 and formally opened to the public in 1931.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ST MARY\u2019S PARK, Walkden,<\/strong> is a 6.5-hectare playing ground in Walkden<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally established by a local colliery as an employees\u2019 recreation ground in 1842 and was opened to the public in 1894.\u00a0 There was no church in the vicinity in the 19th<\/sup> century but there are references to a chapel in Worsley going back to the 13th<\/sup> century and these may refer to the Church of St Mary the Virgin<\/em> in Ellenbrook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ST MICHAEL\u2019S FLAGS <\/strong>and ANGEL MEADOW PARK <\/strong>is a 3-hectare public park close to the centre of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name originates with St Michael and All Angels\u2019<\/em> Church, which was built in 1788-1789.\u00a0 By the mid-19th<\/sup> century the area was known for its poverty and disease, and the Manchester Guardian<\/em> wondered \u2018Why one of the ugliest churches in Manchester, situated in one of the most crowded and notorious parts of the city, should have so long enjoyed the pleasant sounding name St Michael\u2019s Angel Meadow is beyond understanding\u2019.\u00a0 In 1855 a law was passed to cover the graves with flagstones<\/em> to prevent people from digging up the soil to sell as fertilizer.\u00a0 The area was walled off in 1888 and Angel Meadow became a popular park and football pitch.\u00a0 The church was demolished in 1935 and since 2001 the area has undergone regeneration. See also<\/em> ANGEL MEADOW<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ST PETER\u2019S SQUARE<\/strong> is a public square in central Manchester<\/strong> named after St Peter\u2019s<\/em> Anglican church, which was built in 1788-1794.\u00a0 The area was originally known as St Peter\u2019s Field and was the site of the massacre on 16 August 1819 when yeomanry attacked a crowd of 60,000 protesters demanding the reform of the House of Commons.\u00a0 It is usually said that 18 people were killed and 700 injured.\u00a0 Five days later James Wroe, the editor of the Manchester Observer<\/em>, coined the term \u2018Peterloo\u2019 to compare the massacre with the Battle of Waterloo<\/strong>.\u00a0 In 1907 St Peter\u2019s church was demolished and St Peter\u2019s Square was laid out and was soon surrounded by large buildings \u2013 the Midland Hotel<\/strong> in 1898-1903, the YMCA in 1909, the Central Library in 1934 (painted by Lowry \u2013 see<\/em> Appendix 2) and the Town Hall Extension in 1938.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ST WERBURGH\u2019S ROAD<\/strong> is in Chorlton-cum-Hardy<\/strong> in the south of the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The road and the Metrolink tram stop take their name from the nearby St Werburgh\u2019s<\/em> church.\u00a0 The originally church dated back to the 7th<\/sup> century and was named after a Saxon abbess (AD 650-700) who became the patron saint of Chester.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SALE <\/strong>is a town in the Borough of Trafford<\/strong> on the south bank of the River Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally in Cheshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The town is said to date from the 7th<\/sup> or 8th<\/sup> century but it is not mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 and it is not recorded until about 1200.\u00a0 Its name comes from the Old English salh<\/em>, which means \u2018sallow or willow tree\u2019.\u00a0 Nearby is Sale Ees, derived from the Old English \u0113g<\/em>, meaning \u2018island\u2019, often a piece of firm land in an area liable to flooding by the Mersey.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SALEM <\/strong>is a residential area south-east of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area takes its name from a church founded in 1824 by members of the Moravian church at Fairfield<\/strong> in Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 Salem <\/em>is mentioned in the Bible (Genesis 14: 18) as form of Jerusalem<\/em> and means \u2018peace\u2019 in both Hebrew and Arabic.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SALE WATER PARK<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0is an area of parkland with an artificial lake and water sports centre in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was formed from a 35-metre-deep gravel pit excavated during the construction of the M60 motorway and opened in 1980.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SALFORD <\/strong>is a city and a metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was formerly in Lancashire<\/strong> and was created as a city in 1926.\u00a0 The name appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Salford, <\/em>meaning \u2018ford<\/em> across the River Irwell<\/strong> where sallow<\/em> or willow trees grow\u2019.\u00a0 The original ford was replaced by a bridge in the 14th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SALFORD QUAYS<\/strong> is a regeneration area of the former Manchester Docks in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 In 1984 Salford City Council purchased the docks from the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> Company and renamed it Salford Quays<\/em>, planning its redevelopment as a commercial, retail, media and residential area in the 1990s.\u00a0 The former wharves of the docks were given names that reflected the former trade links with North America \u2013 Huron Basin, Erie Basin, Ontario Basin, St Peter Basin, St Louis Basin, St Francis Basin, Winnipeg Quay, Vancouver Quay and Detroit Bridge.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SALTEYE BROOK <\/strong>is a short stream in Eccles<\/strong> and Barton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally a tributary of the River Irwell <\/strong>but now flows from the north into the Manchester<\/strong> Ship Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1235 as Salteye<\/em> but its origin does not seem to have been documented.\u00a0 It may be that it means \u2018salt island\u2019 from Old English salt<\/em> + \u0113g<\/em> or \u012beg<\/em> (\u2018island, dry land in a marshy area\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The SALUTATION INN <\/strong>is a pub in Hulme<\/strong> dating back at least as far as 1844 in an area described by Mrs Gaskell as \u2018one of numerous similar streets of small monotonous-looking houses, in a suburb of the town.\u2019\u00a0 The word \u2018salutation\u2019 was originally a religious greeting but was used more generally for any kind of greeting by the time of Shakespeare in the 16th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Its claim to fame is that Charlotte Bront\u00eb stayed there in 1846 when she accompanied her father to Manchester<\/strong> for a cataract operation, describing it as \u2018a not-pleasant-at-all small brick house facing a timber yard.\u2019\u00a0 While staying there she started to write Jane Eyre<\/em>.\u00a0 Today it is owned by Manchester Metropolitan University.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SAM BAMFORD MEMORIAL <\/strong>is an obelisk monument in Middleton<\/strong> cemetery in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> that was erected in 1877 to commemorate Samuel Bamford<\/em> (1788-1872), a radical writer born in Middleton who was imprisoned for treason for his part in leading the Peterloo protests.\u00a0 The inscription on the obelisk reads, \u2018Bamford was a reformer when to be so was unsafe, and he suffered for his faith\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SANDBED <\/strong>is a residential area in Mossley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside.<\/strong>\u00a0 It was formerly in the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong> and was recorded as Sandybed-Yate<\/em> in 1726, but with its modern spelling in 1817.\u00a0 The name would seem to refer to the sandy<\/em> soil in the bed<\/em> of the nearby brook (see Brook Bottom<\/strong>), which flows into the River Tame<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SANDHILLS PARK <\/strong>is a 5.6-hectare public recreational area in Collyhurst<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the red sand<\/em>stone hill<\/em> or outcrop east of the River Irk<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area was used as a quarry and it is believed that the sandstone for Castlefield<\/strong>\u2019s Roman fort and Manchester Cathedral came from here. It was set aside as uncultivated green space in the 1970s and now forms part of the Victoria North<\/strong> regeneration.\u00a0 The name is relatively recent as it does not appear on 19th<\/sup>-century maps.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SANDYWARPS<\/strong> is part of a recently-built residential area in Irlam<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The development has several streets commemorating the Mersey & Irwell Navigation<\/strong> \u2013 Calamanco <\/strong>Way,<\/strong> Ferrymasters Way, Sandywarps, Strickens Lock Lane (named after Stickens or Stickings lock), and Powder Mill Close (from Powder Mill lock, which took its name from the nearby Thelwall Gunpowder Mill).\u00a0 Sandywarps lock was built in about 1760 to bypass a meander in the River Mersey below the confluence with the Irwell in the hamlet of Sandywarps.\u00a0 The name is not well documented.\u00a0 The first element is from the Old English sandig<\/em>, referring to the sandy soil which is so common \u2013 sand\/sandy is the most common first element in the street names of Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 Old English wearp<\/em> has several meanings but probably refers to the hairpin bend or \u2018warp\u2019 in the Mersey at this point.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SAXFIELD <\/strong>was a settlement in northern Cheshire<\/strong> that was absorbed into Wythenshawe<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong> in the 1930s and is now retained only as a street name.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1290 as Saxefeld<\/em>, meaning \u2018Saxons\u2019 open land\u2019, an area thought to have been occupied by Saxons<\/em> rather than Angles.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SCHOLES <\/strong>is an area of Wigan<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>. The name is first recorded as Scoles<\/em> in 1332 and comes from the Old Norse sk\u00e1li<\/em> or Old English scale<\/em>, meaning \u2018hut or temporary shelter\u2019, and is one of the few Norse names in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SCHOOL HILL<\/strong> is an area of Bolton <\/strong>that takes its name from the nearby St George\u2019s Church in Little Bolton.\u00a0 The church was consecrated on 19 August 1796 and an associated Church of England primary school<\/em> was built at a later date.\u00a0 The church was closed in 1975 but the bells were removed and transported to Wangaratta in Australia.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SCOTLAND <\/strong>and SCOTLAND BRIDGE\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>Scotland was originally an area on the north bank of the River Irk<\/strong> in central Manchester<\/strong> close to Victoria<\/strong> Station<\/strong>, but today all that remains is a street called Scotland and a bridge over the Irk.\u00a0 Various suggestions have been made as to the origin of the name:\u00a0 that Bonnie Prince Charlie camped his Scottish troops here during the Jacobite rebellion of 1745 or that it was used by 19th<\/sup>-century farmers who had brought their cattle from Scotland and grazed them here before selling them for slaughter.\u00a0 However, the name seems to be older than either of these suggestions as Scotland Bridge appears on a map of 1741.\u00a0 The most likely derivation is Middle English scot,<\/em> meaning \u2018tax, payment\u2019 + land<\/em> (\u2018land, area\u2019), and the explanation is that the banks of the Irk were used for grazing and fabric drying, and so a tax or tithe had to be paid to the landowners, i.e. they could not \u2018get away scot<\/em> free\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SCOT LANE END <\/strong>is a village south-east of Blackrod<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is literal \u2013 it lies at the top end<\/em> of Scot Lane<\/em> where it meets Manchester <\/strong>Road.\u00a0 The name is little-documented before the opening of Scot Lane Colliery in the 1850s but there are several possible explanations for the name:\u00a0 Scot Lane might have been used as part of a road from Scotland, it might have been used as a route from Aspull<\/strong> to Little Scotland<\/strong>, which lies north-west of Blackrod, or it may have been a road that charged a scot<\/em> (i.e. a payment or toll) for its use.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SCOTMAN\u2019S FLASH<\/strong> or SCOTSMAN\u2019S FLASH <\/strong>is one of several man-made lakes (flashes<\/em>) in the Wigan Flashes Local Nature<\/strong> Reserve<\/strong>, most of which were created by mining subsidence at the turn of the 20th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The origin of the name is uncertain.\u00a0 One local account mentions that two Scotsmen <\/em>drowned in the lake at one point.\u00a0 Perhaps more convincing are newspaper reports from 1895 and 1902 suggesting that winter sports were popular in the area and curling was introduced on the frozen lake by Scotsmen<\/em> living in nearby Worsley Mesnes<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SCOUTHEAD<\/strong> is a village on the edge of Saddleworth<\/strong> moor in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1625 and means \u2018the head of a promontory\u2019, from Old Norse sk\u00fati<\/em> (\u2018a projecting or overhanging rock\u2019) + Old English heafod<\/em> or Old Norse hofuth<\/em> (\u2018head, headland\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SEDDON\u2019S FOLD <\/strong>or SEDDON FOLD <\/strong>is an area in Prestolee<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong> in a tongue of land formed where the Irwell<\/strong> and Croal<\/strong> join.\u00a0 The name comes from Seddon<\/em> farm, which dates from the late 15th<\/sup> century, and it is known that it was owned by Ralph Seddon <\/em>in 1553.\u00a0 Seddon Fold Bridge dates from the building of the Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal, which was completed in 1796.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SEDGLEY PARK <\/strong>is a suburban area of Prestwich<\/strong> in Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was formerly part of Lancashire<\/strong> but early occurrences of the name are not well documented.\u00a0 It is said to mean a swampy area surrounded by woodland, from the Old English\u00a0secg<\/em>,\u00a0\u2018sedge, reed, rush\u2019 + l\u0113ah, <\/em>\u2018wood, clearing\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SEEDFIELD <\/strong>is a residential area north of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is found in about 1850, when Seedfield House<\/em> or Seedfields<\/em> was built as a mansion with extensive grounds, although it was probably taken from an earlier farm in the area.\u00a0 The name is probably literal:\u00a0 a field<\/em> where seeds<\/em> were found or grown, perhaps flax or hemp seeds for the local textile industry.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SEEDLEY<\/strong> is a suburb of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1876, when Seedley Park was opened as a public park, followed by Seedley Park station, opened by the London & North Western Railway in May 1882.\u00a0 The origin of the name is uncertain but may be Old English set<\/em>, meaning \u2018home\u2019 or \u2018stable\u2019 + l\u0113ah, <\/em>\u2018wood, clearing\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SEVEN ACRES COUNTRY PARK <\/strong>is a 32-hectare nature reserve about 3.25 kilometres east of Bolton<\/strong> town centre.\u00a0 It was originally an agricultural area, some or all of which was known as Kindor Bank after John Kindor (1728-1801), the local farmer.\u00a0 The area was recorded on a map of 1764.\u00a0 Its area of 32 hectares equates to 79 acres, and the 7 acres in the name of the park is derived from the area of water that was available to feed a mediaeval corn mill and, much later, the bleaching industry.\u00a0 The area was designated as a country park in 2004.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SEYMOUR PARK <\/strong>is a 6-hectare recreational area south of Old Trafford<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is laid out on land given by Sir Thomas Seymour<\/em> Mead in 1906 for recreational use for dogs and children.\u00a0 It is located beside Seymour Grove, a major road through the area that was named by and for Sir Thomas, a local millionaire who owned a chain of grocery stores across the north west of England.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHADOW MOSS<\/strong>\u00a0is an area in south-eastern Wythenshawe<\/strong> in the City of Manchester, <\/strong>formerly in Cheshire.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name is first recorded in the early 13th<\/sup> century as Shadoke<\/em>\u00a0mosse<\/em>, meaning \u2018the oak at the boundary of the bog\u2019, referring perhaps to a tree that marked the boundary between Macclesfield and Bucklow<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is derived from Old English scead<\/em> (\u2018boundary\u2019) + ac<\/em> (\u2018oak tree\u2019) + moss<\/em> (\u2018bog, swamp\u2019).\u00a0 In time the name became rationalised to Shadow Moss, which is recorded from 1613.\u00a0 It seems quite likely that pubs or restaurants called \u2018Shady Oak\u2019 may also celebrate boundary oaks rather than shady spots under tall trees.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHAKERLEY<\/strong> is a north-western suburb of Tyldesley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1210 as Shakerlee<\/em> and means \u2018robber\u2019s clearing\u2019 from the Old English sc\u0113acere<\/em> (\u2018robber\u2019) + l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018clearing, glade\u2019).\u00a0 The second element refers to a clearing in the surrounding oak forest but nothing is known of the robber after whom the place is named.\u00a0 Shakerley lends its name to Shakerley Brook, a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHAMBLES SQUARE<\/strong> is a pedestrianised area beside the cathedral in central Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was laid out in 1999, when the Old Wellington<\/strong> Inn, which dates from 1552 but was renamed in 1845, was moved there after the 1996 IRA bombing.\u00a0 The name celebrates the Old Shambles<\/em> area, which is recorded in 1657 as the \u2018flesh shambles\u2019.\u00a0 It is derived from the Middle English flesshchameles,<\/em> meaning \u2018place where meat is sold\u2019 and provides the name for \u2018Shambles\u2019 in other towns and cities in England, notably York.\u00a0 A schamel<\/em> was a bench for displaying butchers\u2019 meat.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHARON <\/strong>is small residential area on the southern edge of Grasscroft<\/strong> in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The origin of the name is uncertain but it is sometimes said to be Biblical, from the plain of Sharon<\/em> in Israel noted for its cattle grazing (1 Chronicles 27: 29) and flowers (Song of Solomon 2: 1).\u00a0 There are a number of Biblical place names in the north of the county, mostly dating from the spread of non-conformist churches at the beginning of the 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1832 but I can find no record of a non-conformist community in the area at that time, although Sharon formed part of the parish of St Anne, Lydgate<\/strong>, whose Anglican church was built in 1787-88. \u00a0It should also be noted that two of the streets in Sharon are Sharon<\/em> Avenue and Charlotte Lane, and so the original settlement may simply have been named after a family member of a landowner or builder.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHARPLES<\/strong> is a residential area of Bolton<\/strong> on the River Tonge<\/strong>, about 4 kilometres north of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1212 as Charples<\/em> and with its modern spelling in 1259.\u00a0 The area features a steep hill and the name may be derived from this sense of Old English scearp<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018pointed; steep\u2019) + l\u0101s<\/em> (\u2018meadow\u2019) or l\u0113as<\/em> (\u2018woods; meadows\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHARSTON<\/strong>\u00a0is a residential area and industrial estate in Wythenshawe<\/strong> in the south of the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century as Sharston<\/em>, meaning \u2018notched stone\u2019, from Old English scearda<\/em> (\u2018notched\u2019) + st\u0101n <\/em>(\u2018stone\u2019).\u00a0 The name is a reference to a glacial boulder called the Shar Stone<\/em> in nearby Northenden<\/strong>.\u00a0 This was moved to its present location in 1892 but its previous history has not been ascertained.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHAW <\/strong>is part of the district of Shaw and Crompton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, which lies on the River Beal<\/strong> about 14 kilometres north-east of Manchester <\/strong>city centre. Shaw is recorded in 1555 as Shaghe<\/em>, meaning \u2018copse, small wood\u2019, from Old English sceaga<\/em>.\u00a0 \u00a0Slightly to the south-west are Shaw Side and Shaw Edge.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHAWCLOUGH<\/strong> is a residential area of Rochdale<\/strong>, north of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the early 19th<\/sup> century, when Shawclough<\/em> Brook, a tributary of the River Spodden<\/strong>, provided water power for felt and textile mills on its banks.\u00a0 Shawclough Mill itself was established in 1869 but the name of the stream is probably much older.\u00a0 It means \u2018wooded valley\u2019, from Old English sceaga<\/em> (\u2018small wood, copse\u2019) + cl\u014dh<\/em> (\u2018deep valley\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHAWFIELD <\/strong>is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, north-west of Rochdale town centre.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1561 as Shagfeld<\/em>, meaning \u2018copse in or beside open land\u2019 from Old English sceaga<\/em> + feld<\/em>.\u00a0 It originally developed along Shawfield Lane, which was described as a right of way for \u2018horsemen and fotemen, cart and carriage\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHAWHALL, Hyde, <\/strong>is a residential area in Lower Matley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1845 as Shaw Hole<\/em> but with its modern spelling by 1860.\u00a0 The meaning could be \u2018hollow beside a small wood\u2019, from the Old English sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse, small wood\u2019) + hol <\/em>(\u2018hollow\u2019), and it has been suggested that the hollow could have been a stone quarry or coal mine.\u00a0 Another possibility is that is an eponym, taking its name from the Shaw<\/em> family, who built most of the properties in the Newton <\/strong>area in the 19th<\/sup> century, including Shawhall Mill, which is known to have been in operation by 1818.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHAW HALL, Oldham, <\/strong>is, with SHAW HALL BANK<\/strong>, an area of Grasscroft<\/strong> and Greenfield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Shaw Hall<\/em>, a country house built in the early 14th<\/sup> century by the Shaw<\/em> family.\u00a0 It is said it may have been demolished in the 1790s and the Farrars Arms, a pub that is still in use, built on the site.\u00a0 However, the pub claims to date from 1702 and so the dates don\u2019t fit.\u00a0 A \u2018farrar\u2019 is an old term for a farrier, a maker and fitter of horseshoes, as is shown by the horseshoes in the coat of arms on the pub sign.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHAW HEATH<\/strong> is a suburb of Stockport<\/strong>, south of the main town centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1712 and means \u2018copse heath\u2019 from Old English sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse, small wood\u2019) + h\u01e3th<\/em> (\u2018heath, uncultivated land\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHELDERSLOW <\/strong>is a hamlet in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, formerly in the West Riding of<\/strong> Yorkshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It appears in the early 14th<\/sup> century as a family name, Childreslaue<\/em>, and as the place name in 1531 as Skelderslow<\/em>, from the Old Norse skjaldari<\/em> (\u2018shield maker\u2019) + Old English hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em> (\u2018mound, hillock\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHENA SIMON COLLEGE <\/strong>was built in central Manchester<\/strong> in 1897-1901 as the Central Higher Grade School but was renamed Shena Simon College in 1982 after Shena Simon<\/em> (1883-1972), the Labour politician, feminist and mayoress of Manchester who had much to do with the planning of Wythenshawe<\/strong>.\u00a0 The college closed in September 2025 and it is planned to convert it into a hotel.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHEVINGTON<\/strong> is a village on the north bank of the River Douglas <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, about 5 kilometres west of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1225 as Shefinton<\/em>, meaning \u2018the settlement at Chevin\u2019, derived from the Celtic cevn<\/em> or cefn<\/em>, meaning \u2018ridge\u2019 + Old English t\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018enclosure, farmstead, village\u2019).\u00a0 The name refers to a nearby ridge of high ground on the edge of Shevington Moor.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHOLVER<\/strong> is a residential area of Oldham<\/strong>, about 3.5 kilometres north-east of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1202 as Solhher<\/em> and with its modern spelling from 1278.\u00a0 It is said to mean \u2018sloping hill pasture or temporary hut\u2019, from the Old English sceolh<\/em> (\u2018twisted, sloping\u2019) + Old Norse erg<\/em> or \u01e3rgi<\/em> (\u2018temporary hut, hill pasture\u2019).\u00a0 The name refers to the steeply-sloping ground nearby and the Norse practice of building temporary huts or shielings in hill pastures.\u00a0 Alternatively, the name could be an eponym meaning Skjolgr<\/em>\u2019s pasture.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHOOTERS BROOK <\/strong>is a minor tributary of the River Medlock<\/strong> in central Manchester<\/strong> that is now fully culverted beneath Store Street<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises in Newton Heath<\/strong> and flows south-west to join the Medlock in what used to be called Garret<\/strong> (or Garratt) close to Brook Street, which derives its name from Shooters Brook.\u00a0 The name is recorded in AD 967 as Scytres<\/em>, from the Old English scite<\/em>, meaning \u2018dirt, dung\u2019.\u00a0 It was a pleasant meadow waterway whose name had been sanitised to \u2018Shooters Brook\u2019 in the 18th<\/sup> century but had become heavily industrialised and polluted by the end of the century, and became known as \u201cShitters\u2019 Brook\u201d, thus returning to its Old English origin.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHORE<\/strong> is a village north-west of Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded with its modern spelling in 1324 and means \u2018dangerous slope\u2019 from Old English scora<\/em>.\u00a0 The reference is to the steep hillside nearby.\u00a0 Shore gives its name to Shore Lane Brook, which flows west above Whittaker <\/strong>golf course to meet Hollingworth Brook, which then empties into Hollingworth Lake<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHORE EDGE <\/strong>is a hamlet overlooking Shaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> on the edge of Crompton<\/strong> Moor.\u00a0 The land east of Shaw rises to a height of 391 metres and this explains the name Shore Edge, which has little to do with either Shaw or the modern meaning of \u2018shore\u2019.\u00a0 The name means \u2018the edge or escarpment (Old English ecg<\/em>) of a dangerous slope (Old English scora<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHORESWORTH<\/strong> is an ancient part of Pendlebury<\/strong> on the banks of the River Irwell<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>, although the name seems to have fallen out of use in the 20th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It is recorded in about 1085 as Scoreswurthin<\/em>, meaning \u2018settlement on a steep slope\u2019, from the Old English scora<\/em> (\u2018dangerous or steep slope\u2019) + worth<\/em> (\u2018enclosure; settlement\u2019), referring to the bank or shore of the Irwell.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHUDEHILL<\/strong> is an area in central Manchester<\/strong> around Shudehill<\/em> Street that was originally known as Withy Grove (i.e. willow grove).\u00a0 The present name dates from 1554 and seems to be taken from the word shude<\/em> meaning \u2018the husk of oats\u2019, but the reason for this has not been established. \u00a0Richard Arkwright\u2019s Shudehill Mill of 1782 is said to have been the first steam-powered cotton mill in Manchester.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHUTTLEWORTH<\/strong> is a village north-east of Ramsbottom<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1227 as Suttelsworth<\/em>, meaning \u2018barred or gated enclosure\u2019, from the Old English scyttels<\/em> (\u2018a bar; a barred-gate\u2019) + worth<\/em> (\u2018enclosure; settlement\u2019).\u00a0 The village gives its name to Shuttleworth Brook, a tributary of Cross Bank Brook<\/strong>, which is itself a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SIDDAL MOOR <\/strong>is an area south of Heywood <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1548 as Sydall<\/em>, meaning \u2018wide nook moor\u2019, from Old English s<\/em>\u012bd<\/em> (\u2018wide\u2019) + halh<\/em> (\u2018nook, corner of land\u2019) + m<\/em>\u014dr.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SIDDOW COMMON <\/strong>is an industrial area south of Leigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the early 14th<\/sup> century as Sydale<\/strong>, meaning \u2018wide nook\u2019, from Old English s<\/em>\u012bd<\/em> (\u2018wide\u2019) + halh<\/em> (\u2018nook, corner of land\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SIDE OF THE MOOR <\/strong>or SIDE O\u2019 TH\u2019 MOOR <\/strong>is a hamlet north of Harwood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 1841 census and the first Ordnance Survey map of the area of 1848-50 labels Side o\u2019 th\u2019 Moor Colliery (also known as Hardie\u2019s Colliery).\u00a0 The meaning is quite literal \u2013 the settlement on the side<\/em> of Harwood<\/strong> Moor<\/em>, which is part of the West Pennines<\/strong> Moors.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SIMISTER <\/strong>is a suburb of Bury<\/strong>, south-east of the main town centre.\u00a0 The name is an eponym, taking the name of a James Simister<\/em> or Somister (1722?-1780), who had an estate and three farms in the area at the beginning of the 18th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SIMPSON CLOUGH <\/strong>is hamlet north of Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitans Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the deep valley (Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>) through which Naden Brook<\/strong> and Cheesden Brook<\/strong> flow to meet the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears in parish records in 1773 and is eponymous \u2013 \u2018the valley owned or occupied by someone called Simpson<\/em> (the son of Simon)\u2019, but nothing more is known of the Simpson family.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SIMON\u2019S BRIDGE<\/strong> is a footbridge across the River Mersey<\/strong> in Didsbury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 1901 as a gift to the people of Didsbury from Henry Simon<\/em> (1835-1899), a German-born engineer who came to Manchester<\/strong> in 1860 and founded a company manufacturing industrial equipment.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SINDERLAND GREEN<\/strong> is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> that was formerly part of Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Sundreland<\/em>, when it was said to be unpopulated.\u00a0 The spelling and origin are shared with Sunderland in Tyne and Wear, but its modern spelling is found from 1639.\u00a0 It is derived from the Old English sundor-land<\/em>, meaning \u2018private land; land set aside for some particular purpose\u2019, although it is unclear what that purpose may have been and it may simply refer to its status as private land.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SINDSLEY<\/strong> is a suburb of north-west Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name seems to be falling into disuse but is retained in Sindsley Brook (<\/strong>a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong>), which forms the boundary between Worsley <\/strong>and Swinton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1758, when it was recorded as Singeley<\/em>.\u00a0 The modern spelling was in use by 1832, when Sindsley Mills were built in Swinton.\u00a0 The origin seems unclear, but it may be derived from Old English scingol<\/em>, meaning \u2018a shingle; roofing tile\u2019, or schingled<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018having a shingled roof\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SINGLETON BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises in Kersal <\/strong>in the City of Salford<\/strong>, then flows south-west, forming the historic boundary between Prestwich <\/strong>and Salford<\/strong>, and meets the Irwell in Agecroft<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but there is known to have been a settlement in or near Prestwich called Singleton in the 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Elsewhere in Lancashire Singleton means \u2018a settlement with shingled roofs\u2019, from Old English scingol<\/em>, meaning \u2018a shingle; roofing tile\u2019, + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018enclosure, village\u2019).\u00a0 It is also possible that this Singleton was named after a local family.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SLACK BROOK <\/strong>is a short tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises in Pendlebury<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>, flows south-east and joins the Irwell a little upstream from the Agecroft<\/strong> Road Bridge near Rainsough<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is probably derived from the Old Norse slakke<\/em> or Middle English slack<\/em>, meaning \u2018a small valley\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SLACKCOTE<\/strong> is a village in the Saddleworth <\/strong>district of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the building of Slackcote wool mill in 1780-1781 but is almost certainly far older.\u00a0 It is derived from the Old Norse slakke<\/em>, meaning \u2018shallow depression\u2019, + dialect cote<\/em> (\u2018shed, temporary shelter for animals or tools\u2019).\u00a0 There are a number of other places across north-west England derived from slakke <\/em>and most are recorded from the 13th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SLADE HALL <\/strong>is a country house in Rusholme<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong> that gives its name to the surrounding area that is sometimes known as Slade.\u00a0 The original house dated from about 1160 but the present one was built by Edward Siddall in 1585, making it probably the oldest house in Manchester.\u00a0 The house is recorded in 1322 as Milkewalslade<\/em>, meaning \u2018the valley with the milky spring or well\u2019, from Old English meoluc<\/em> (\u2018milk\u2019) + w\u00e6lla <\/em>(\u2018well, spring\u2019) + sl\u0153d<\/em> (\u2018valley, glade\u2019).\u00a0 By 1600, the name was reduced simply to Slade.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SLADEN <\/strong>is a hamlet near Summit<\/strong> in Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> on the Rochdale Canal.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1246 as Slaneden<\/em>, although the exact derivation and meaning are uncertain.\u00a0 One possibility is that it means \u2018the pasture in the valley\u2019, from Old English denn<\/em> (\u2018woodland pasture\u2019) + sl\u0153d<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SLATTOCKS <\/strong>is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, south of the main town centre.\u00a0 The name is not well documented and there are differing theories about its origin.\u00a0 One is that the second element is ac<\/em>, meaning \u2018oak tree\u2019, but with no plausible explanation for the first element.\u00a0 Perhaps more convincing is that the name means \u2018small valley\u2019, from the Old English sl\u0153d<\/em> (\u2018valley, glade\u2019) + oc<\/em> (\u2018small\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SLADES <\/strong>is an area in the west of Saddleworth <\/strong>Moor in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> where several places with the name are found \u2013 Slades Rocks, Slades Pits and Slades Barn, all accessed from Slades Lane.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1817 and means \u2018valleys\u2019, from Old English sl<\/em>\u00e6d<\/em>, referring to the valleys of the streams in the area, such as Broadstone Brook<\/strong> and Royle Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SMALLBRIDGE<\/strong> is a residential area on the River Roch<\/strong> outside Rochdale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1843 and is explained by its growth around a small bridge<\/em> over the River Roch.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SMALLSHAW <\/strong>is a residential area of Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, north-east of the town centre.\u00a0 There are several places in England called \u2018Smallshaw\u2019, all meaning \u2018small copse\u2019, from the Old English smael<\/em> (\u2018small, narrow\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse, wood\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SMALLSHAW BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Spodden <\/strong>that rises north-east of Catley Lane Head<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and flows south-east through Smallshaw Wood to join the Spodden.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the 20th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It is derived from Old English smael<\/em> (\u2018small, narrow\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse, wood\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SMEDLEY <\/strong>is a suburb of Manchester<\/strong>, north-east of the city centre, where, according to Isabella Banks in her novel The Manchester Man<\/em> of 1876, \u201cthe Irk <\/strong>was clear and bright\u201d.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Smedelegh<\/em> in 1226 and with its modern spelling in 1282.\u00a0 It probably derives from Old English smith<\/em> (\u2018blacksmith\u2019) + l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018clearing, glade\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SMITHFIELD MARKET<\/strong> was a large market in Shudehill<\/strong> in central Manchester<\/strong>, east of the city centre in what is now the Northern Quarter<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was started in about 1820 and given its name in 1822.\u00a0 It may have been named directly after Smithfield<\/em> Market in London, which dates from 1174, but by the mid-17th<\/sup> century the word was more widely used for any cattle market.\u00a0 The original Manchester market was covered in 1853 and was nearly 2 hectares in area by the end of the 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It was closed in 1972 and New Smithfield Market was built in Openshaw<\/strong>, but one building was preserved and is now Mackie\u2019s Mayor<\/strong> food hall and retail outlet.\u00a0 Smithfield is derived from the Old English smeeth <\/em>(\u2018smooth\u2019) + feld<\/em> (\u2018field\u2019), i.e. a flat field where animals can be kept and fattened before being sold or slaughtered.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SMITHILLS <\/strong>is a residential area of Bolton<\/strong>, 5 kilometres north-west of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1322 as Smythell<\/em>, meaning \u2018smooth hills\u2019, from Old English sm\u0113the<\/em> + hyll<\/em>, referring to the moorland landscape.\u00a0 Smithills Hall dates from the 14th<\/sup> century and was purchased by Bolton Corporation in 1938 and opened to the public as a museum.\u00a0 The estate is now an 809-hectare country park, which was opened to the public in 2016.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SMITHY BRIDGE<\/strong> is a suburb of Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1841 and its location on the Rochdale Canal explains its name \u2013 a bridge<\/em> over the canal with a smithy<\/em> nearby for canal boats and the horses that towed them.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SMITHY BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Douglas<\/strong> that rises in Poolstock<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan <\/strong>and flows north-east to meet Poolstock Brook, which then flows north-west to meet the Douglas south of Wigan.\u00a0 Presumably it is named after a local smithy<\/em> or blacksmith working beside the brook<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SMITHY GREEN <\/strong>is a place name found in many places across England meaning \u2018the green where the smithy is found\u2019, from the Middle English smithie<\/em> (\u2018smithy, smith\u2019s workshop\u2019) + gr\u0113n <\/em>(\u2018field, village green\u2019).\u00a0 Smithy Green in Cheadle Hulme<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> is recorded from 1844.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SNAPE HILL <\/strong>is a wooded hill on the edge of the west Pennine<\/strong> moors in Whitefield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> that gives its name to the 41-hectare Snape Hill Wood.\u00a0 Snape Hill<\/em> Farm is recorded before 1730 and probably means \u2018the hill with poor pasture\u2019, from Old Norse snap<\/em> or Old English sn<\/em>\u00e6p<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SNYDALE<\/strong> is a residential area of Westhoughton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1212 as Slinehal<\/em> but it is spelled Snythehill<\/em> with an N by 1278.\u00a0 This difference of spelling makes any derivation difficult \u2013 the second element is Old English hyll<\/em>, referring to the nearby Snydale Hill and the first element may be snite<\/em> or snyde<\/em>, meaning \u2018snipe\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SOURACRE<\/strong> is a village north of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name is recorded in the early 13th<\/sup> century and means \u2018muddy field or field covered with excrement\u2019 from Old Norse saurr<\/em> or Middle English sour<\/em> + Old English aecer<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SOUTH BROOK, SOUTH CLOUGH <\/strong>and SOUTH CLOUGH MOSS \u00a0\u00a0South Brook <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> which rises on Broadhead Moss<\/strong> in the Peak District <\/strong>National Park in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows north-west below South Clough Moss through South Clough to meet North Brook<\/strong> and then join Diggle<\/strong> Brook, which then joins the Tame near Diggle.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1468 as Southclogh-hede<\/em>, meaning \u2018the top or head<\/em> (Old English heafod<\/em>) of the south (s<\/em>\u016bth<\/em>) ravine (cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SOUTH REDDISH \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> REDDDISH<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SPA BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises on Castleshaw<\/strong> Moor in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>and flows south through Spa Clough into Castleshaw Upper Reservoir.\u00a0 The origin and date seem to be undocumented but places named \u2018spa\u2019 are fairly common in what was the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong>, mostly dating from the mid-19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 They are often located near places called \u2018spring\u2019 and \u2018spout\u2019, making a transfer from the Belgian town of Spa<\/em> quite possible.\u00a0 According to the Oxford English Dictionary<\/em>, the first use of spa<\/em> in English was in 1565.\u00a0 The etymology of the Belgian watering-place is uncertain but is generally thought to come from the Latin spargere<\/em>, meaning \u2018sprinkle, moisten\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SPINNINGFIELDS<\/strong> is an area of central Manchester <\/strong>west of Deansgate<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 The name appears on a 1772 map of Manchester.\u00a0 Many of the streets were originally named \u2018fields\u2019 and Spinningfields was named for the dominant occupation of the textile works who lived there.\u00a0 In the 19th<\/sup> century, Spinningfields was renowned as a place of grime and crime, but, after the IRA bombing of 1996, it was designated for regeneration.\u00a0 In 2013, much of the area was bought up and developed into a residential, retail and financial district.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River SPODDEN<\/strong> or SPODDEN BROOK<\/strong> is a river that rises on Shawforth Moor in Lancashire<\/strong> and flows 12 kilometres to join the River Roch<\/strong> in Spotland<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century as Spotbrok<\/em> but its modern spelling is found from 1577.\u00a0 The derivation is uncertain but may be Middle English spoute<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a spout, a gutter, the mouth of a water-pipe\u2019), so that the meaning might be \u2018spouting brook\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SPOTLAND<\/strong> is an area of Rochdale<\/strong> on the River Spodden<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 Spotland <\/em>is first recorded in about 1180 and may just mean \u2018a spot or small piece of land\u2019, but, perhaps more likely, it may take its name from the River Spodden<\/em>, which flows through Spotland, where it joins the River Roch.<\/strong>\u00a0 The Spodden<\/strong> is said to take its name from the Middle English spoute<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a spout, a gutter, the mouth of a water-pipe\u2019), so that Spotland would mean \u2018the land beside the spouting brook\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SPRINGFIELD PARK<\/strong>\u00a0is a 17-hectare public park in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was donated to the borough of Rochdale by Frederick Lye (1860-1948) in order to provide a municipal golf course, which was duly opened on 2 April 1927.\u00a0 The name Springfield came from Springfield House<\/em> and the Springfield Estate<\/em> on which the park and golf course were laid out.\u00a0 The exact derivation of the name in this location has not been ascertained, but Springfield<\/em> is a common place name found in many parts of Britain and usually literally means \u2018a field with a spring\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SPRINGHEAD <\/strong>is now a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, east of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1894, when an urban district was created with the name \u2018Springhead\u2019 rather than \u2018Quickmere<\/strong>\u2019, which had previously been used.\u00a0 It is said that the name came from a house in the village named Springhead House because it had a spring in the garden, and the name came to be applied to the whole village.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SPRING MILL RESERVOIR <\/strong>was built in the late 1880s to supply water to Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is fed from the north by Prickshaw Brook<\/strong> in Rossendale in Lancashire<\/strong>, and Prickshaw Brook then flows out from the south to join the River Spodden, <\/strong>which forms the boundary between Lancashire and Greater Manchester<\/strong> at this point.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 It takes its name from Spring Mill<\/em>, a fulling mill probably built in the late 18th<\/sup> or early 19th<\/sup> century, which was presumably flooded when the reservoir was built.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SPRING VIEW <\/strong>is a residential area south of Ince-in-Makerfield <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is quite literal as it overlooks the area south-east of Wigan known as \u2018Springs<\/em>\u2019, which has many wells and springs, some of which supplied drinking water in the 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It is not known when the name came into use, but the Wigan Branch Railway Act of 1830 authorised the Northern Union Railway\u2019s Springs<\/em> branchline, which connected to the collieries of the area, including Springs Colliery, when it opened in the early 1840s.\u00a0 See also<\/em> NEW SPRINGS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STABLE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises on Rocher<\/strong> Moss on the edge of the Peak District<\/strong> National Park.\u00a0 It flows south-west through Stable Clough<\/em> to meet Diggle<\/strong> Brook, which then flows west to meet the Tame near Diggle in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Stable Clough<\/em> is recorded in about 1272 as Stabliclough<\/em>, meaning \u2018the deep valley (Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>) where there are stables<\/em> (Middle English stable<\/em>) or shelter for domestic or farm animals (not necessarily horses)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STAKEHILL<\/strong> or STAKE HILL <\/strong>and HIGHER STAKE HILL <\/strong>are commercial and industrial areas of the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, north-west of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1246 as Stakehull <\/em>and with its modern spelling in 1322.\u00a0 It literally means \u2018a hill where a stake is found\u2019, from Old English staca<\/em> + hyll<\/em>.\u00a0 The name is also common in West Yorkshire<\/strong> and it has been suggested that the stake refers to a boundary marker.\u00a0 Stakehill is one of the sites of Atom Valley<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STALYBRIDGE<\/strong> is a town on the River Tame <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, about 13 kilometres east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 It is recorded with its modern spelling in 1687 and simply means \u2018the bridge over the River Tame at Stayley<\/strong>\u2019.\u00a0 The hamlet of Stayley<\/em> is much older, recorded in the early 13th<\/sup> century as Stavelegh<\/em>, meaning \u2018clearing where staves are found or made\u2019, from Old English st\u00e6f<\/em> (\u2018staff, stave\u2019) + l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STAMFORD PARK<\/strong> is a 26-hectare public park on the borders of Stalybridge<\/strong> and Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The land on which it stands was acquired in 1688 by the Earl of Stamford<\/em>.\u00a0 In 1872 local mill workers purchased some of the estate and the Earl of Stamford also donated some land.\u00a0 The park was opened to the public on 12 July 1873, retaining the earl\u2019s title of Stamford<\/em>, which originally came from the town in Leicestershire meaning \u2019stone (Old English st\u0101n<\/em>) ford\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STAND <\/strong>is a residential area of Whitefield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but comes from the old English stand<\/em>, meaning \u2018a stand, a place from which to observe game\u2019.\u00a0 This refers to Stand\u2019s position overlooking Pilkington<\/strong> Deer Park (now Philips Park<\/strong>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STANDEDGE <\/strong>is a gritstone escarpment in the Pennines<\/strong> between West Yorkshire<\/strong> and the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 There has been a moorland crossing at Standedge since Roman times but it presented a major barrier to modern forms of communication.\u00a0 The Huddersfield Narrow Canal opened a tunnel under Standedge in 1811 which is still the highest and longest canal tunnel in Britain.\u00a0 The London & North Western Railway built three tunnels through Standedge in 1848, 1871 and 1894 to connect Manchester with Huddersfield.\u00a0 The name derives from the Old English st<\/em>\u0101n <\/em>+ ecg<\/em>, meaning \u2018stony edge\u2019, accurately describing Standedge as a \u2018stony escarpment\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STANDISH <\/strong>is a village on the River Douglas<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, north-west of the town centre, that was part of Lancashire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1178 as Stanesdis<\/em>, from the Old English st\u0101n<\/em> (\u2018stone\u2019) + edisc<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019), so the meaning would be \u2018stony enclosure\u2019, probably for keeping cattle or, more likely, deer.\u00a0 See also<\/em> LANGTREE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STANLEY GREEN <\/strong>is a trading estate in Cheadle <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as early as 1831 and is taken from the Stanley<\/em> family of nearby Handforth in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 <\/strong>Stanley<\/em> as a forename or family name is ultimately derived from the Old English place name St\u0101n-l\u0113ah<\/em>, meaning \u2018stony wood or clearing where stone is found\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STANNEY BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong> which rises in Burnedge<\/strong> and flows north through Milnrow <\/strong>and Rochdale<\/strong> to join the Roch at Newbold<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1294 as Stonneybeck<\/em>, meaning \u2018stony stream\u2019, from Old English stanig<\/em> + Old Norse bekkr<\/em>.\u00a0 This use of beck<\/em> is almost unique in Greater Manchester<\/strong> and the more common Old English br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em> replaced it during mediaeval times.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STANYCLIFFE <\/strong>is a suburb of Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, north of the town centre on Whit Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century as Stanicliffe<\/em>, meaning \u2018stony river bank\u2019, from Old English st<\/em>\u0101n<\/em> + clif<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STARLING <\/strong>is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>, west of the main town centre.\u00a0 It stands at the junction of an old Roman road from Manchester<\/strong> to the town of Ribchester in Lancashire<\/strong> and the 1836 turnpike from Ainsworth<\/strong> to Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not documented but at the beginning of the 19th<\/sup> century Starling and a row of houses named \u2018Linnet Hall\u2019 stood at the road junction, suggesting that the village was named after the bird \u2013 both starlings<\/em> and linnets are native to this part of north-west England.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STAYLEY <\/strong>is or was the original area from which Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> gets its name.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1272 as Stauley<\/em> and the modern spelling is found in 1560.\u00a0 It means \u2018place where the wood for staves is found\u2019 and it shares its derivation with that of Stalybridge – Old English st\u00e6f<\/em> (\u2018staff, stave\u2019) + l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STEPHENSON\u2019S BRIDGE, Castlefield<\/strong> is the first of several railway bridges in Manchester <\/strong>and Salford<\/strong> built by George Stephenson<\/em> (1781-1848).\u00a0 It was completed in August 1830 to carry the Liverpool & Manchester Railway over the River Irwell <\/strong>into Liverpool Road<\/strong>, the original eastern terminus of the line.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STEPHENSON\u2019S BRIDGE, Victoria Station <\/strong>is one of several railway bridges in Manchester<\/strong> and Salford<\/strong> built by the \u2018Father of Railways\u2019, George Stephenson<\/em> (1781-1848).\u00a0 In 1844 Stephenson engineered the Manchester & Leeds Railway\u2019s route from Victoria Station<\/strong> east to the city of Leeds.\u00a0 The lines into Victoria were carried over Victoria Street on Stephenson\u2019s Bridge, which in 1884 was incorporated into the longest railway platform in Europe, which connected Victoria with the new Exchange Station<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STEPPING HILL<\/strong> was a district south-east of Stockport<\/strong> in the 19th<\/sup> century but in 1901-1905 Stepping Hill hospital was built on the site.\u00a0 It appears as a farm on early maps, extending north-east of its present location.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but seems to mean a hill <\/em>with a set of stepping<\/em> stones or a set of steps.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STEVENSON SQUARE <\/strong>is a pedestrianised public space in central Manchester<\/strong> in what is now the Northern Quarter<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from William Stevenson<\/em>, a property speculator who purchased 10 hectares of land in 1780.\u00a0 His aim was to create an elegant suburb by selling plots to other wealthy developers, who often named streets after themselves.\u00a0 Stevenson Square became a focus for radical politics in the 19th<\/sup> and early 20th<\/sup> centuries, with the Chartists and Suffragettes using it as a meeting place.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STIRRUP BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of Glaze Brook <\/strong>which rises as Ellen Brook <\/strong>near Hollinwood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>and becomes Stirrup Brook in Boothstown<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is little documented and no suggestions for its origin can be found.\u00a0 It may be that it is derived from the Old English for stirrup<\/em> (sti\u0121r\u0101p<\/em>, meaning \u2018climbing rope\u2019) as, for example, is Styrrup in Nottinghamshire, but why this description was thought relevant is not apparent.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STOCK BROOK <\/strong>is a residential area of south-west Chadderton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1776 but the name comes from Stock Brook<\/em>, a tributary of the River Irk<\/strong>, which is almost certainly older.\u00a0 The origin is probably Old English stocc<\/em>, meaning \u2018a tree trunk or stump, a log of wood\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STOCKPORT <\/strong>is a town 13 kilometres south-east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 Until 1974, Stockport was divided between Cheshire<\/strong> and Lancashire<\/strong>, with the River Mersey<\/strong>, which is formed in Stockport, as the dividing line.\u00a0 Since 1974 it has given its name to the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, one of the ten boroughs of Greater Manchester.\u00a0 <\/strong>The name is recorded in 1188 as Stokeport<\/em> and with its modern spelling from about 1274.\u00a0 The meaning is generally said to be \u2018a market place (Old English port<\/em>) at a secondary, dependent or outlying settlement\u2019 (Old English stoc<\/em>).\u00a0 There have, however, been alternative suggestions for both elements:\u00a0 Stock<\/em> may refer to a stockade, from Old English stoccen<\/em>, and the fact that the name was recorded as Stockford<\/em> in 1283 would be consistent with there being a ford<\/em> across the river before the Goyt<\/strong> and Tame<\/strong> combine to form the Mersey, and Stopford<\/em> was in use as the spelling as late as 1610.\u00a0 \u00a0Stockport gives its name to Stockport, New Jersey and Stockport, South Australia.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STOCKPORT BROOK <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> HEMPSHAW BROOK<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STOCKPORT 8 <\/strong>is a commercial and residential regeneration project in west Stockport<\/strong> close to the railway viaduct<\/strong>, the new bus terminal and Weir Mill<\/strong> announced in 2025.\u00a0 It takes its name from its area, which covers eight<\/em> acres.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STOCKPORT ETCHELLS <\/strong>See<\/em> ETCHELLS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STOCKPORT GARRICK THEATRE<\/strong> was established by an amateur dramatic club on 24 October 1901.\u00a0 The club named itself after the great actor, David Garrick<\/em>, who was born in 1719 and died at the Adelphi<\/strong> Theatre in 1779. The club acquired it first playhouse in 1905 and moved to its present theatre in the centre of Stockport <\/strong>in 1920.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STOCKPORT VIADUCT\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>VIADUCT<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STOLLER HALL <\/strong>is a 482-seat concert hall at Chetham\u2019s School of Music (see<\/em> Chetham\u2019s Library<\/strong>) completed in 2017.\u00a0 It is named after its principal benefactor, Sir Norman Stoller<\/em>, who was High Sheriff of Greater Manchester in 1999-2000.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STONE BREAKS <\/strong>is a hamlet north of Grotton <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1625 and therefore pre-dates Stone Breaks quarry, which dates from the 17th<\/sup> or 18th<\/sup> centuries.\u00a0 The hamlet lies in the Medlock<\/strong> Valley east of the 260-metre Stone Breaks Hill and probably derives from Old English st<\/em>\u0101n<\/em> (\u2018stone\u2019) + Old Norse brekka<\/em> (\u2018slope\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STONECLOUGH <\/strong>is a suburban district of Kearsley<\/strong> on the banks of the River Irwell<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is derived from Old English st\u0101n<\/em>, meaning \u2018stony\u2019, and cl\u014dh<\/em>, meaning \u2018deep valley\u2019, referring to the red sandstone found along the Irwell at this point.\u00a0 <\/strong>The Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway built a station at Stoneclough Bridge and the choice of this name standardised the name Stoneclough<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STONEYFIELD <\/strong>is a residential area south of Rochdale<\/strong> town centre north of Sudden<\/strong> Brook.\u00a0 The name appears on tithe and Ordnance Survey maps of the 1840s but suggests a much older Anglo-Saxon field or farm derived from the Old English st<\/em>\u0101n<\/em> + feld<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STORE STREET STATION <\/strong>was the name of Manchester<\/strong>\u2019s principal railway terminus that is now Piccadilly<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built by the Manchester & Birmingham and Sheffield Ashton-under-Lyne & Manchester railways and opened on 8 May 1842.\u00a0 It took its name from its main entrance on Store Street<\/em>, a thoroughfare that had been laid out in about 1805, when Shooters Brook<\/strong> was culverted beneath it.\u00a0 It was named Store Street because Manchester\u2019s main grain store<\/em> was located here, close to the Ashton<\/strong> Canal, which had been completed in 1797, and to the corn mills situated to the east on Mill Street.\u00a0 The station was rebuilt and renamed London Road<\/strong> in 1847 and, following electrification and modernisation, it was renamed Piccadilly in 1960.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STRANGEWAYS<\/strong>\u00a0is an inner-city district of Manchester <\/strong>with a well-known prison, which was built in 1868 to replace the New Bailey<\/strong> jail.\u00a0 It lies on a strip of land between the rivers Irwell<\/strong> and Irk<\/strong>, and as such means \u2018place subject to strong flooding\u2019.\u00a0\u00a0 The name is recorded in in 1322 as Strangwas<\/em> and is derived from the Old English strang<\/em>, \u2018strong\u2019, and waesce<\/em>, meaning ‘flooding’, but the spelling was changed as early as 1326 by those trying to find meaning in its name. \u00a0\u00a0However, the name is recorded as the family name of John de Strangeways as early as 1304.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STRAWBERRY ISLAND \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0See<\/em> POMONA ISLAND<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STREET BRIDGE<\/strong> is a location north of Chadderton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears on the Ordnance Survey map of 1851 but both elements of the name refer to earlier infrastructure.\u00a0 The Street<\/em> is the Roman road from Manchester<\/strong> to Castleshaw<\/strong> via Hollinwood<\/strong> and Oldham<\/strong> which is still referred to locally as \u2018the Roman Road\u2019.\u00a0 The Bridge<\/em> is the one carrying the road over the Hollinwood<\/strong> branch of the Ashton<\/strong> Canal, which was built in 1792-97.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STREET END <\/strong>is a residential area of Failsworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1620 and refers to the end<\/em> or junction of a road with a stree<\/em>t, i.e. a Roman Road (which is still labelled on modern maps), specifically the Roman road from Manchester<\/strong> to Castleshaw<\/strong> via Hollinwood<\/strong> and Oldham.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STRETFORD <\/strong>is a township in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 The town lies on the Roman road from Chester to Manchester<\/strong> where it crosses the River Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1212 as Streetford<\/em> and means the same as Stratford<\/em> \u2013 \u2018a ford<\/em> on a strat<\/em> or str<\/em>\u01e3t\u2019<\/em>, with str<\/em>\u01e3t<\/em> referring in particular to a Roman road.\u00a0 Nearby is Stretford Ees, derived from the Old English \u0113g<\/em>, meaning \u2018island\u2019, often a piece of firm land in an area liable to flooding by the Mersey.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STRINE DALE <\/strong>and STRINESDALE RESERVOIR<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0Strine Dale is a village and location north-east of Oldham <\/strong>and Strinesdale was the name given to two reservoirs built in the 19th<\/sup> century \u2013 the first in 1828 and the second in 1838.\u00a0 Dale <\/em>refers to the valley of the River Medlock<\/strong> and Roebuck Brook<\/strong>, which feed the reservoirs.\u00a0 Strine<\/em> is often said to come from an Old English word meaning \u2018boundary\u2019 as the former boundary between Lancashire<\/strong> and Yorkshire ran along the valley, but this meaning cannot be confirmed from other sources and the usual meaning of strine<\/em> or strind<\/em> – \u2018stream, waterway\u2019- would seem to be applicable.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STRINES<\/strong>\u00a0is a village in the Goyt <\/strong>valley in Marple<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, formerly in Derbyshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 A station was opened in 1866 by the Marple, New Mills & Hayfield Junction Railway and the village and its railway are believed to have inspired Edith Nesbit\u2019s 1906 novel, The Railway Children<\/em>.\u00a0 The village name is recorded as Stryndes<\/em>,\u00a0Strindes<\/em>\u00a0and\u00a0Strendes<\/em>\u00a0in the late 13th<\/sup> century and is said to be derived from the Middle English\u00a0strinds <\/em>meaning ‘streams\u2019, from the tributaries of the Goyt above the village.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STROMFORD BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong> that rises north of Ashton upon Mersey<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> and flows south-west to join the Mersey south-west of Urmston<\/strong>.\u00a0 The origin is uncertain but Stromford is thought to mean \u2018ford across a stream\u2019, from Old Norse straumr<\/em>.\u00a0 If correct this derivation would be the only example of the Old Norse for a \u2018stream\u2019 in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The addition of brook<\/em> is reduplication as the meaning would be \u2018the stream of a ford across a stream\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STUBLEY<\/strong> is a residential area west of Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1330, when Nicholas John de Stubley<\/em> sold Stubley<\/em> Hall to John de Holt, and it is said that the hall was originally built in 1277.\u00a0 The hall was sold to Rochdale Council in 1930 and it seems that much was demolished in 1967, although parts survive, along with Stubley New Hall, which was built in about 1830.\u00a0 The name comes from Old English stubb<\/em>, meaning \u2018tree stump\u2019, + l\u0113ah<\/em> (woodland clearing).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STUBSHAW CROSS <\/strong>is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> north-east of Ashton-in-Makerfield<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name \u2018Stubshaw\u2019 means \u2018the copse with or beside tree stumps\u2019, and is a hybrid from the Old Norse stubbi<\/em> (\u2018tree-stump\u2019) + Old English sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse\u2019).\u00a0 A cross was erected there in 1630, giving rise to the modern name, but the \u2018Stubshaw\u2019 settlement and name pre-dated the cross.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SUDDEN<\/strong> is a hamlet south-west of Rochdale<\/strong> on the south bank of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century as both Sothden<\/em> and Sudden<\/em>, meaning \u2018southern valley\u2019, from the Old English s\u016bth <\/em>(\u2018south\u2019) + denu<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019).\u00a0 The valley is that of Sudden Brook, which joins the Roch at Sudden.\u00a0 Sudden lies opposite Norden<\/strong>, which lies on the north bank of the Roch.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SUMMER HILL BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises east of Old Tame<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows south-west to join the Tame north of Slackcote<\/strong>.\u00a0 The origin and date of the name are uncertain:\u00a0 \u00a0it may simply to be an agreeable name but, more likely, it means \u2018a hill used for grazing livestock in summer\u2019, from Old English somer<\/em> (‘summer’) + hyll<\/em> (‘hill’).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SUMMERSEAT<\/strong> is a village in the Borough of Bury<\/strong> on the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was part of Lancashire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1556 as Sumersett<\/em> and is derived from the Old English sumor<\/em> or Old Norse sumarr<\/em>, meaning \u2018summer\u2019, + set <\/em>or s\u00e6t<\/em>, \u2018a hut used while looking after animals\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SUMMIT, Heywood, <\/strong>is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the Summit Inn<\/em>, which was originally on the Rochdale to Edenfield toll road that was built in 1795.\u00a0 When the Bury<\/strong> New Road was opened in the mid-19th<\/sup> century, it was moved brick by brick to its current location on the north-western edge of Heywood.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SUMMIT, Littleborough<\/strong>, is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>. It is on the border with West Yorkshire<\/strong> and was in the county of Lancashire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 Its name refers to its position as the highest point between Littleborough<\/strong> and Todmorden in Yorkshire, and the crossing point for both the Rochdale Canal (opened in 1804) and the Manchester & Leeds Railway, whose Summit Tunnel was completed in 1841.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1804 and the area was known as \u2018Charlestown\u2019 until late into the 19th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SUMMIT, Thornham, <\/strong>is a residential area north of Royton <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from its position at or near the summit<\/em> of the main road between Oldham and Rochdale<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SUN HILL <\/strong>is a residential area north of Lees<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1742 and may have originally been a hill where cattle or sheep were grazed in the summer.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SWINESHAW<\/strong> is an area north of Glossop in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> in what was Derbyshire<\/strong> before 1974.\u00a0\u00a0 The name is taken from Swineshaw<\/em> Brook, a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong>, and was recorded in 1831.\u00a0 Swineshaw gives its name to the Lower and Higher Swineshaw Reservoirs, which were built to supply drinking water to Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> and Stalybridge<\/strong> in 1864-70, employing mill workers put out of work by the \u2018cotton famine<\/strong>\u2019 caused by the American Civil War.\u00a0 Swineshaw probably means \u2018swine wood\u2019 and is derived from two Old English elements: \u00a0sw\u012bn<\/em> + sceaga<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SWINLEY <\/strong>is a residential area of Wigan<\/strong>, north of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1283 as Swyneley<\/em>, meaning \u2018clearing where pigs are found or kept\u2019, from the Old English swin<\/em> (\u2018swine, pig\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018woodland clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SWINTON <\/strong>is a town in Salford<\/strong> that was in Lancashire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 It was first documented as Suinton<\/em> in 1258.\u00a0 The name consists of two Old English elements:\u00a0 sw\u012bn<\/em> + t\u016bn<\/em>, meaning \u2018pig farm\u2019 or \u2018place where pigs are fed\u2019.\u00a0 This is one of the many references to animals in the place names of Greater Manchester<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SYKE<\/strong> is a village on the northern outskirts of Rochdale<\/strong>, also known as Nook Farm<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1843 as Syke<\/em>, from the Old English and regional English s\u012bc<\/em>, meaning \u2018small stream\u2019.\u00a0 There are several streams running off the moors above Syke, including Syke Brook, Fanny Brook, Buckley<\/strong> Brook and Hey Brook<\/strong>, all tributaries of the River Roch<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SYKES PILLAR <\/strong>was originally erected in 1948 as an Ordnance Survey mapping trig point on Broadstone<\/strong> Hill in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It has been named to commemorate Frank Sykes <\/em>(1943-99), a local walker and fell-runner.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

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T<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TACK LEE BROOK <\/strong>is a short tributary of the River Roch<\/strong> which rises south of Birtle<\/strong> and flows south-east to join the Roch north of Bottom o\u2019 th\u2019 Brow<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name, its origin and meaning are little documented but it is suggested that it might mean \u2018clearing where lambs are kept\u2019 from Old English tacca <\/em>(\u2018young sheep\u2019) + l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018woodland clearing\u2019).\u00a0 Coincidentally, there is a Tack Lee Bridge in Yapton, near the Sussex Downs, formerly an area well-known for raising sheep.\u00a0 The Sussex Bridge was built in 1823 across the Portsmouth to Arundel Canal.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TALLEYRAND <\/strong>was an area in east Levenshulme<\/strong> south-east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre which was named after the infamous French diplomat, Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand<\/em>-P\u00e9rigord (1754-1838), who is reported to have stayed in the area during a period of exile in Britain, either in 1792-1794 or 1834-1838 (sources differ).\u00a0 The name does not appear on modern maps but is recalled in the Talleyrand pub on the Stockport <\/strong>Road.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River TAME<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong> that rises on Denshaw<\/strong> Moor on Saddleworth <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> where the waters flowing out of Dowry <\/strong>and New Year\u2019s Bridge <\/strong>reservoirs form the Tame.\u00a0 It then flows south-west to join the River Goyt<\/strong> to form the Mersey in Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears as Tome<\/em> in 1292 and Tame<\/em> in 1322, but its origin is unclear.\u00a0 It seems likely that it is Celtic in origin \u2013 there are rivers with similar names across Britain, including the Thames, Taff, Tamar and Thame.\u00a0 The name may simply mean \u2018river\u2019, but it has also been suggested that it could mean \u2018dark river\u2019 or \u2018dark one\u2019.\u00a0 The river gives its name to the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TAMER LANE END <\/strong>is a small residential area west of Westleigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears on the Ordnance Survey map of 1892 but is probably much older.\u00a0 Like many of the \u2018lane end\u2019 places in Greater Manchester<\/strong>, it lies at road junction at the end<\/em> of a lane<\/em> \u2013 in this case Smith\u2019s Lane.\u00a0 The origin seems to be undocumented and there have been several suggestions, including the central-Asian war lord Tamerlane<\/em> (Christopher Marlowe\u2019s \u2018Tamburlaine the Great\u2019) and the Biblical Tamar<\/em>, the daughter of King David (2 Samuel 13).\u00a0 The most convincing is that there was a smithy at the end of Smith\u2019s Lane and, as the name is pronounced \u2018t\u2019ammer\u2019 or \u2018Tammer\u2019, it is likely that it is a reduced form of \u2018the hammer\u2019<\/em>, the tool of a smithy.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TAMESIDE <\/strong>is one of the ten metropolitan boroughs of Greater Manchester<\/strong>, which was formed in 1974 from Dukinfield<\/strong>, Hyde<\/strong> and Longdendale<\/strong> in Cheshire<\/strong> and Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong>, Mossley<\/strong>, Audenshaw<\/strong>, Denton <\/strong>and Droylsden<\/strong> in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The borough takes its name from the River Tame<\/strong>, which crosses the borough from north to south.\u00a0 The name was chosen in 1974 after a consultation exercise and a vote on 30 possibilities.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TAME WATER <\/strong>is a village south of Dobcross<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1723 and the meaning is quite literal:\u00a0 the settlement beside the waters<\/em> of the River Tame<\/em><\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TAMYON BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises east of Mossley<\/strong> and flows south-west to join Micklehurst<\/strong> Brook, which then meets the Tame north of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The origin of the name is unclear, but it has been suggested that it could have been a rationalisation of Tameden or Tameton from Tame<\/em> (i.e. the River Tame) + Old English denu<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019) or tun<\/em> (\u2018enclosure, farm, village\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TANDLE HILL <\/strong>and TANDLE HILL COUNTRY PARK\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>Tandle Hill is a 222-metre hill near Royton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Its name means \u2018fire hill\u2019 from the northern dialect tandle<\/em>, \u2018a large fire in the open air, a bonfire\u2019.\u00a0 The name dates from 9 September 1513 when the hill was used as a beacon during the Battle of Flodden Field.\u00a0 The surrounding area was donated to the people of Royton in 1919 as a war memorial and it was opened as Tandle Hill Country Park in 1971.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TANG <\/strong>and TANGSHUTT <\/strong>are adjacent areas of Romiley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The names are recorded in 1849 and both refer to the land extending south into a meander of the River Goyt<\/strong> \u2013 Tang comes from the Old English tang<\/em>, meaning \u2018tongue\u2019, and Shutt is from Old English sc<\/em>\u0113at<\/em>, also meaning \u2018projecting piece of land\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TANNERS <\/strong>is a residential area of Ramsbottom<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1702, when the hamlet of Tanners surrounded the tanner\u2019s<\/em> yard on Tanners Street.\u00a0\u00a0 The name is one of a small group of occupational names in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TARDEN <\/strong>is a rural area east of Marple<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, which was part of Derbyshire <\/strong>until 1974. \u00a0\u00a0It is recorded in 1285 as Toardin<\/em> and with its modern spelling in 1545, but the meaning and etymology are unclear.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TAUNTON <\/strong>is a town north of Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1246 as Tongton<\/strong> but the modern spelling is found from 1422.\u00a0 The name is derived from the Old English tang<\/em> (\u2018fork of a river\u2019) + t\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018enclosure, village\u2019), describing Taunton\u2019s position on a long tongue of land where Taunton Brook meets the River Medlock<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TENTERSFIELD <\/strong>is an urban area in western Bury<\/strong> to the east of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1813 when the New Tentersfield Methodist Church was built, but the settlement, and perhaps the name, date to mediaeval times.\u00a0 The name means \u2018a field<\/em> where tenter<\/em> frames were set out to stretch and bleach newly-milled fabric\u2019, from the Middle English tentour <\/em>+ feld.\u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
THATCH LEACH <\/strong>is a village on the western edge of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded from the 13th<\/sup> century and the meaning may be quite literal:\u00a0 a place where straw for thatch<\/em> is soaked or leached<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
THICKETFORD BROW <\/strong>is a suburb of Bolton<\/strong>, north-east of the town centre on Bradshaw<\/strong> Brook.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 18th<\/sup> century as Th\u2019 igh gate ford <\/em>meaning \u2018ford over the high road\u2019 (to Ramsbottom, presumably), from Old English h<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018high, chief\u2019) + Old Norse gata<\/em> (\u2018road\u2019).\u00a0 The name was rationalised to \u2018Thicketford\u2019 by the end of the 19th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
THOMASSON PARK <\/strong>is a 2-hectare public park in Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened on 23 October 1890 and named after John Pennington Thomasson <\/em>(1841-1904), a cotton industrialist, who purchased Mere Hall and its estate in 1889 and donated it to the people of Bolton \u2018as a playground and garden\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
THORNHAM<\/strong> is a residential area divided between the Metropolitan Boroughs of Oldham<\/strong> and Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1246 as Thornham<\/em>, meaning \u2018homestead or village where hawthorns grow\u2019 from Old English thorn<\/em> + h\u0101m<\/em> (\u2018village, homestead\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
THORN HILL <\/strong>is a residential area south-east of Standish<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> above the west bank of the River Douglas<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears on 19th<\/sup>-century Ordnance Survey maps and literally means \u2018hill with thorn bushes\u2019, from the Old English thorn<\/em> + hyll<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
THORNLEY BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Medlock<\/strong> which rises west of Grotton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham.<\/strong>\u00a0 It then flows south-west through Springhead<\/strong> and Lees<\/strong>, before joining the Medlock in Pitses<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1662 as Thorneley<\/em>, meaning \u2018thorny place\u2019, from Old English thorn<\/em> + l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
THORNS BROOK <\/strong>and THORNS BECK <\/strong>together form a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises as Thorns Beck east of Bleak Hey Brook<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows south-west through Thorns Clough to Join Diggle Brook in Diggle<\/strong>.\u00a0 Diggle Brook then continues south to meet the Tame south-east of Dobcross<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but may come from the Thorns<\/em>, probably a farm, which is recorded in 1726.\u00a0 The thorn<\/em> element is probably literal and suggests a stream flowing through an area with thorn bushes.\u00a0 The use of beck<\/em> (Old English bece<\/em>) is an almost unique survivor in Greater Manchester as the more common br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em> mostly replaced it during mediaeval times.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
THORP <\/strong>is a suburb of Oldham<\/strong>, north of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1260 with its modern spelling and means \u2018village\u2019, from the Old Norse thorp.<\/em>\u00a0 Thorp Mill, built in 1764, was the first water-powered cotton mill in Lancashire<\/strong>, using water from Thorp Clough, a tributary of the River Irk<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The THREE SISTERS RECREATION AREA <\/strong>is a 44-hectare nature reserve in Bryn<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name comes from three spoil heaps from the Garswood Hall coal mine, which was originally built in 1867 or earlier.\u00a0 By the time the mine closed in 1958 the heaps were over 50 metres high and were known as the \u2018Wigan Alps\u2019 or the \u2018Three Sisters<\/em>\u2019. The heaps were levelled and the area was converted into a recreation area and wildlife reserve, opened to the public in 1978.\u00a0 The Three Sisters Recreation Area forms a gateway to the Wigan<\/strong> Flashes Nature Reserve<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
THROSTLE NEST BRIDGE <\/strong>today is a small footbridge across the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong> in Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 There was an older Throstle Nest Bridge over the River Irwell <\/strong>that was demolished when the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> was built in 1887-1893.\u00a0 Both took their names from an area of Trafford Park<\/strong> estate which was recorded as a \u2018rural retreat\u2019 in the 1760s, but the name was also given to Throstle\u2019s Nest Lock in Old Trafford<\/strong> – the last lock on the Mersey & Irwell Navigation<\/strong>, which was built in the 1720s.\u00a0 The name comes from the Old English throstle<\/em>, meaning \u2018song thrush\u2019.\u00a0 The name was also applied to deer\u2019s antlers, which were large enough to hold a thrush nest, but, although Trafford Park did have deer, this definition is recorded only from 1785 and so is unlikely to be the meaning here.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
THURSTON CLOUGH <\/strong>and THURSTON CLOUGH BROOK\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>Thurston Clough is a hamlet east of Dobcross<\/strong> in Saddleworth <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The brook rises on the moors south-west of Delph<\/strong>, flows east through the clough<\/em> (Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>, \u2018deep valley, ravine\u2019) and joins the River Tame<\/strong> near Greenfield<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded with various spellings in the 18th<\/sup> century and is thought to be an eponym meaning \u2018Thurston\u2019s land\u2019, referring to an Old Norse name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River TIB<\/strong> is a long-culverted tributary of the River Medlock<\/strong> that rises at a spring called Coopers Pit in Miles Platting<\/strong> and flows for a few kilometres before joining the Medlock at Gaythorn<\/strong> near Deansgate <\/strong>station.\u00a0 A recent but unlikely suggestion is that the name was given by Roman legionnaires to remind them of the River Tiber<\/em> in Rome, but shortened to reflect the size of the Tib in Manchester.\u00a0 An alternative suggestion is that it comes from the Celtic dubr<\/em>, meaning \u2018water\u2019 which, coincidentally, is also cited as the origin of the Tiber in Italy.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TIGER\u2019S CLOUGH WATERFALL <\/strong>is a small waterfall in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong> near the village of Rivington in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Clough<\/em> comes from the Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>, meaning \u2018ravine, deep valley\u2019, and refers to the valley of the River Douglas<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is thought to take its name from an illicit 19th<\/sup>-century drinking place known as The Tigers<\/em>, which had a sign outside depicting two tigers\u2019 heads.\u00a0 The drinking establishment has long gone but its name lives on.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TIMBERCLIFFE <\/strong>is a small residential area near Summit<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the 1920s, when houses were built for local mill workers.\u00a0 The meaning would seem to be quite literal \u2013 \u2018wood-covered slope\u2019, from Old English timber<\/em> + clif<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TIMPERLEY<\/strong> is a suburb in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>, but formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1211-1225 as Timperleie<\/em>, meaning \u2018clearing where timber is obtained\u2019, from the Old English timber<\/em> + l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018glade, clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TIN BROOK <\/strong>is a culverted tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong> that joins the Mersey under Mersey Square<\/strong> in Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1759 but there is disagreement about its course, variant names and derivation.\u00a0 Different sources state that it rises in Woodsmoor<\/strong>, Great Moor<\/strong>, Heavily<\/strong> or Hazel Grove<\/strong>, and that it may or may not be part of Hempshaw Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name may be derived from Old English tyned<\/em>, meaning \u2018enclosed\u2019, or it may be more literal, taking its name from the tin works that were once located along its banks or the waste products from these works.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TINKER\u2019S GARDENS\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>VAUXHALL GARDENS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TIVIOT DALE<\/strong> is a retail and residential area in Stockport<\/strong>, although the name seems to be falling into disuse.\u00a0 The name is said to have been given to the area in 1745, when Prince Charles Stuart (\u2018Bonny Prince Charlie\u2019) camped in northern Stockport.\u00a0 His Jacobites derived the name from Teviotdale<\/em> in Roxburghshire in their native Scotland.\u00a0 This is derived from Scottish Gaelic Tibhiot,<\/em> a name which simply means \u2018river\u2019, but it has also been suggested that it could mean \u2018dark river\u2019 or \u2018dark one\u2019.\u00a0 The name may be related to other ancient river names, including the Tame<\/strong>, Tamar and the Thames.\u00a0 The Scottish spelling was maintained in Teviot Dale, the original name of the station opened by the Stockport Timperley & Altrincham Railway on 1 December 1865, but the spelling was changed to Tiviot Dale in about 1874.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOMMYFIELD MARKET <\/strong>is an indoor market in the centre of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was established in 1788 in fields<\/em> owned by Thomas (\u2018Tommy<\/em>\u2019) Whittaker.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TONGE<\/strong> is an area to the west (Tonge Moor) and south (Tonge Fold) of Bolton<\/strong>, both on the River Tonge, which is a tributary of the Croal <\/strong>and the Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1212 as Tange<\/em>, but the modern spelling is found by 1226.\u00a0 Tonge<\/em> means \u2018tongue of land\u2019 or \u2018fork in the river\u2019, from the Old English tang<\/em> or tunge<\/em>, describing Tonge\u2019s position between the River Tonge to the west and Bradshaw<\/strong> Brook to the east, just before their confluence.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TONTINE\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>There are several streets and buildings in Greater Manchester <\/strong>and across England named Tontine<\/strong>, but this village west of Orrell<\/strong> on the border between Lancashire<\/strong> and the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> seems to be the only settlement with the name.\u00a0 The name of the village is recorded in 1870 but it could be older as the word was in use in Britain from as early as 1765.\u00a0 It is derived from Lorenzo Tonti <\/em>(c.1602-c.1684), a Neapolitan banker who devised the form of insurance scheme or friendly society that is named after him.\u00a0 Tontines were fairly common in 19th-<\/sup>century Britain among immigrant communities, but it has not been possible to discover the origin of the name for the village of Tontine.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOP LOCK <\/strong>is a residential area beside the Leeds & Liverpool Canal in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It stands at the top<\/em> of a flight of 23 locks<\/em> which raise the canal by 56 metres in about 4 kilometres.\u00a0 The locks were opened in 1816.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOP MOSSLEY\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> BROOK BOTTOM <\/strong>or BROOKBOTTOM <\/strong>and MOSSLEY<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOP OF HEAP <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> HEAP BRIDGE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOP OF HEBERS\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> HEBERS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOPPINGS <\/strong>is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1843 and is a dialect word meaning \u2018hill top\u2019 from the Old English topp <\/em>(\u2018the top of a hill, etc\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TORKINGTON<\/strong> is a district in the Borough of Stockport<\/strong> that was formerly part of Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name was recorded in 1181 as Torkinton<\/em> and with its modern spelling in 1249.\u00a0 It consists of three Old English elements:\u00a0 Turec<\/em>, a personal name, -ing-<\/em>, \u2018belonging to\u2019 or \u2018the followers of\u2019, and t\u016bn<\/em>, \u2018settlement or farmstead\u2019, so that together the name would mean \u2018the village of Turec\u2019s people\u2019.\u00a0 Nothing is known of anyone called Turec and it is not recognised to be an English name, but, coincidentally, in 1560 a Richard Bullock leased some land from a John Torkington to set up a smithy nearby in what became Bullock\u2019s Smithy<\/strong>, now Hazel Grove<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOTTINGTON<\/strong><\/a> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1212 as Totinton<\/em>, and is usually said to mean \u2018the village of Totta\u2019.\u00a0 Totta<\/em> was a common Anglo-Saxon personal name, -ing<\/em>– means \u2018belonging to, associated with\u2019 and t\u016bn <\/em>means \u2018enclosure, village\u2019.\u00a0 However, the village is on a 272-metre hill and so the name could derive from Old English t\u014dt<\/em>, meaning \u2018hill-top look-out\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOUGHSHEET COMMUNITY STADIUM <\/strong>is a mixed-use sports stadium in Bolton<\/strong> and home to Bolton Wanderers football club.\u00a0 The club moved from Burnden<\/strong> when the new stadium was built in 1997.\u00a0 It was originally named the Reebok<\/strong> stadium by its American footwear sponsor, whose name is taken from the Afrikaans rhebok <\/em>antelope.\u00a0 Since 2024 it has been known as the Toughsheet <\/em>Community Stadium after the local manufacturer of recycled plastic building materials.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOWN HOUSE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises in Clough <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale <\/strong>and flows south east to meet the Roch near Littleborough<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is clearly named after a place or building known as \u2018Town House\u2019 and this seems to refer to a farm shown on 19th<\/sup>-century maps.\u00a0 The name probably means the main house<\/em> of a farmstead, which is one of the meanings derived from Old English t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOWN LANE <\/strong>is a small residential area south of Blackmoor<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name does not seem to have been documented until the end of the 19th century but it probably simply indicates its position on a lane<\/em> to a local town<\/em>, probably Tyldesley <\/strong>or Leigh.\u00a0 <\/strong>It is possible that Town Lane lends its name to nearby Town Brook, a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOWN OF LOWTON <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> LOWTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOWNSGATE <\/strong>is a residential area beside the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented and does not appear on 19th<\/sup>-century maps or the 1894 Ship Canal map of the area.\u00a0 The name seems to be taken from Towngate Farm<\/em> and may be derived from an older but unrecorded name meaning \u2018the road (Old Norse gata<\/em>) to the town<\/em>\u2019, presumably referring to Irlam<\/strong> as Irlam Road cuts through Towns Gate.\u00a0 The name and meaning contrast with Land Gate<\/strong>, meaning \u2018the road to the rural or agricultural land\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TRAFALGAR SQUARE <\/strong>is a residential area around a small green in the Guide Bridge<\/strong> area of Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area itself dates from around the 1840s but the buildings of Trafalgar Square were built in 1881.\u00a0 The square is named after the British naval victory at the Battle of Trafalgar<\/em> in 1805.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TRAFFORD <\/strong>is a district in Stretford<\/strong> that gives its name not only to Old Trafford<\/strong>, Trafford Centre retail outlet and Trafford Park<\/strong> industrial area but also to the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford that was created in 1974. The name is first recorded in about 1200 as Trafford<\/em>, and is a corruption of Stratford <\/em>or Stretford<\/em>, meaning \u2018the ford (across the river Mersey<\/strong>) on the Roman road (str\u00e6t<\/em>) between Manchester<\/strong> and Chester\u2019.\u00a0 The loss of the initial S- is said to be a feature of Anglo-Norman but may also be a way of distinguishing Trafford from neighbouring Stretford.<\/strong>\u00a0 In 1974 Trafford was chosen for the name of the new borough because of its famous sports venues and the Trafford Park<\/strong> industrial estate, as well as historical associations, but only after various alternative proposals – Altrincham<\/strong> Stretford<\/strong> and Sale<\/strong>, Chesford, Crossford, Watlingford and Mercia <\/strong>\u2013 had been rejected.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TRAFFORD PARK <\/strong>was originally the estate of Trafford<\/em> Hall.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1843 but in 1896 it was sold off and developed as the world\u2019s first industrial park, sited on the south side of the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The TRANS PENNINE TRAIL <\/strong>is a coast-to-coast route for walkers and cyclists, starting in Southport in Lancashire<\/strong>, crossing the Pennines<\/strong> to Hornsea in East Yorkshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The idea originated in 1989 and the full trail was completed and opened in 2004.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The trail is 346 kilometres long, with over 50 kilometres passing through Greater Manchester<\/strong>, including Sale<\/strong>, Chorlton<\/strong>, Didsbury<\/strong>, Stockport <\/strong>and Hyde<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TRINITY BRIDGE <\/strong>is a 78.5-metre footbridge across the River Irwell <\/strong>between Salford<\/strong> and Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was designed by the Spanish architect, Santiago Calatrava and was opened in 1995.\u00a0 It takes its name from the nearby Sacred Trinity<\/em> church, that was built in 1635 as the first parish church in Salford.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The TRINNACLE<\/strong> is a landmark consisting of three pillars of gritstone about 10 metres high on Saddleworth <\/strong>Moor above Dovestone Reservoir<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not listed as a word in the Oxford English Dictionary<\/em> and seems to date from the second half of the 20th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It is a portmanteau word formed from the prefix tri-<\/em> and the second half of pinnacle<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TRUB SMITHY <\/strong>or TRUB <\/strong>is a village south of Castleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 Trub Hall is recorded in the mid to late 17th<\/sup> century and Trub Farm and Trub Brook are also recorded.\u00a0 Thrub<\/em> is thought to derive from Old English throp<\/em> or Old Norse thorp<\/em>, both meaning \u2018outlying settlement\u2019.\u00a0 The name is shared with Trub Brook, a tributary of the River Irk<\/strong>.\u00a0 According to local legend, Oliver Cromwell<\/strong> led his Parliamentarian troops through the area during the Civil War and the owner of Trub Hall provided a smithy to reshoe one of his horses.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TUNSHILL<\/strong> is a hamlet north-east of Milnrow <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1793, when a small Roman statue was uncovered at Tunshill Quarry on Tunshill Farm.\u00a0 The name is probably much older as the family name of Tunshill<\/em> dates back to 1273, and probably means \u2018enclosure by or near a hill\u2019 from Old English t\u016bn <\/em>+ hyll.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TUNSTEAD <\/strong>is a hamlet in the Saddleworth<\/strong> area of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are several places with this name in England, all meaning \u2018farmstead place\u2019, from the Old English t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018farmstead, village\u2019) + stede <\/em>(\u2018place\u2019).\u00a0 This Tunstead is recorded in 1399 as Tunstede<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TURF HILL <\/strong>is a residential area of Rochdale<\/strong>, south-east of the town centre.\u00a0 A housing estate was built there in the early 1920s but its history is not well documented.\u00a0 The area between Rochdale and Oldham<\/strong> has several places named Turf Lane, referring to the rough grassy hills of this part of Greater Manchester<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TURF LEA <\/strong>is a hamlet south-east of Marple<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The hamlet is thought to have mediaeval origins and the name is recorded in 1770 as Turf Lee<\/em> but an 1831 map gives Tufleys<\/em>.\u00a0 The meaning is literal \u2013 a clearing (Old English l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em>) where the soil grows with grass (Old English turf<\/em>).\u00a0 Turf was used as roofing in mediaeval times.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TURNER\u2019S FLASH <\/strong>is a man-made lake south of Ince-in-Makerfield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> that forms one of the seven subsidence \u2018flashes\u2019 of Wigan Flashes Nature Reserve<\/strong>.\u00a0 Turner\u2019s<\/em> is recorded on the 1849 Ordnance Survey map as a field name, indicating that it was owned by someone named Turner.\u00a0 It has not been possible to identify who this Turner was, although it seems unlikely that there is any connection to the company of Turner Brothers, who manufactured asbestos in Wigan and Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is believed the flash<\/em> was formed by mining subsidence at the turn of the 20th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TURN MOSS <\/strong>is a 39-hectare public area of woods and meadows close to the River Mersey<\/strong> between Stretford<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> and Chorlton<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1612 as \u2018low lying meadows or ees\u2019 (see Broad Ees Dole<\/strong>) and it seems it was originally called Turf Moss, from the Old English turf<\/em> + mos<\/em> (\u2018marsh, swamp\u2019).\u00a0 The name was rationalised to \u2018Turn Moss\u2019 and by 1840 the area had been drained and turned into Turn Moss Farm.\u00a0 Nearby is Turn Moss Ees, derived from the Old English \u0113g<\/em>, meaning \u2018island\u2019, often a piece of firm land in an area liable to flooding by the Mersey.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TURTON<\/strong> is an area between Bolton<\/strong> and Blackburn that is divided between the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong> in Greater Manchester<\/strong> and Blackburn with Darwen in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1185 as Thirtun<\/em> but its modern spelling is found from 1212.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The name is an eponym meaning \u2018Thorr\u2019s or Thori\u2019s farmstead or village\u2019, from the Old Norse personal name Thorr<\/em> + Old English t\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018farm, village\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TWIRL HILL <\/strong>or TWARL HILL <\/strong>is a hill above Lily Lanes<\/strong> and between Alt <\/strong>Hill and Hartshead Green<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside <\/strong>that formed a parish boundary where tithes had to be paid until the 1830s.\u00a0 On the road is a tithe stone which marked the collection point, and the inscription on the stone states that it was inscribed in 1840, indicating that the stone itself was much older.\u00a0 The name comes from the Old English twirl\/twyrl<\/em>, meaning \u2018a fork, split or division\u2019, referring to the boundary line.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TYLDESLEY<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> that is also known as Tyldesley cum Shakerley<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in about 1210 as\u00a0Tildesleia<\/em> and means \u2018Tilwald\u2019s clearing\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Tilwald + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018wood, clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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UNDERBANKS <\/strong>is a district in central Stockport<\/strong> surrounding the mediaeval streets known as Great and Little Underbank<\/em>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1497, when Underbank Hall was built.\u00a0 The name derives from the position of the area \u2013 Stockport is built on a hill and Underbank<\/em> describes the area beneath the bank<\/em>, an Old Norse word that originally meant \u2018steep hill\u2019, close to the River Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0 This hill can be clearly seen at Crowther Street<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
UNITY BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong> which rises near Moses Gate<\/strong>\/Kearsley <\/strong>Moss and then flows south to meet the Irwell near Ringley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name appears on early Ordnance Survey maps of the 1840s and pre-dates the opening of the Unity Brook Colliery in the late 1860s or early 1870s.\u00a0 The origin and meaning are not recorded, but it is probable that the name reflects the stream\u2019s topography as it is formed where several tributaries meet and unite<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
UNSWORTH<\/strong> is a residential area of Bury<\/strong>, about 11 kilometres north of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1291 as Hundesworth<\/em> and means \u2018enclosure or place of the hounds\u2019 from the Old English hundes<\/em> + worth<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
UPPER CHELBURN \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0See<\/em> CHELBURN<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
UPPERMILL<\/strong> is a village on the River Tame<\/strong> in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, although historically part of the West Riding of<\/strong> Yorkshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1730 as Upper Mill<\/em>, which coincides with the beginnings of the industrial revolution and the construction of two mills in the area \u2013 a lower and an upper mill<\/em>.\u00a0 The upper mill was originally a corn mill but was converted for scribbling wool around 1780.\u00a0 It continued in use until the 1930s, when it was demolished.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
URMSTON<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1194 as Wermeston<\/em>, although Urmeston<\/em> is found by 1212.\u00a0 It has been suggested that the name is an eponym from the Viking personal name Urm<\/em> \u00a0+ Old English t\u016bn<\/em>, but it is now thought that it is from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Wyrm<\/em> or Orme<\/em>. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Nearby and close to the River Mersey<\/strong> are Urmston Meadows (Old English m<\/em>\u01e3d<\/em>) and Urmston Ees (Old English \u0113g<\/em>, meaning \u2018island\u2019, often a piece of firm land in an area liable to flooding).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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VAUXHALL GARDENS <\/strong>were originally a 9-hectare pleasure garden in Collyhurst<\/strong> on the banks of the River Irk<\/strong> in the City of Manchester.<\/strong>\u00a0 They were created in the 1790s by Robert Tinker (c.1766-1836), the owner of a local coffee house and tea gardens.\u00a0 They were initially known as the Elysian Gardens after Elysium, the afterlife in Greek mythology, although popularly known as \u2018Tinker\u2019s Gardens\u2019.\u00a0 In 1814 he changed the name to Vauxhall Gardens after London’s Vauxhall Pleasure Gardens<\/em>, and under this name they continued in use until about 1852.\u00a0 They then fell into disrepair, and the land was used for sand quarrying.\u00a0 In the 1970s the land was set aside as a public recreational space and renamed Vauxhall Pleasure Gardens in 2012.\u00a0 Vauxhall in London is recorded as Faukeshale<\/em> in 1279 and takes its name Faukes<\/em> de Br\u00e9aut\u00e9, who built a house there in the early 13th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name was adopted for pleasure gardens in Birmingham, New York and St Petersburg, as well as Manchester.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VELODROME<\/strong> in Clayton<\/strong>, about 5 kilometres east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre, was opened in 1994 as the National Cycling Centre with an Olympic-standard indoor racing track for training and competitions.\u00a0 The name comes from the French\u00a0v\u00e9lodrome<\/em>, from\u00a0v\u00e9lo<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018bicycle\u2019) +\u00a0-drome<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a place for running or racing\u2019) and first appeared in English in 1902.\u00a0 Metrolink opened the Velopark tram stop on 11 February 2013.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VERNON PARK <\/strong>is a 6-hectare country park in Stockport<\/strong>, east of the town centre.\u00a0 It was opened on 20 September 1858 on land donated to Stockport Corporation in 1842 by George John Warren, Lord Vernon<\/em> (1803-66), and named after him.\u00a0 It was sometimes known as \u201cPinch Belly Park\u201d or \u201cthe People\u2019s Park\u201d because of the poverty among local mill workers.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VIADUCT PARK<\/strong> is a 0.8-hectare rooftop park atop the Interchange bus station and transport hub in Stockport<\/strong> town centre.\u00a0 It was opened in 2024 and takes its name from the nearby Stockport Viaduct<\/em>, which carries the main Manchester to London railway line over the River Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0 The viaduct was built by the Manchester & Birmingham Railway in 1839-1840 using about 11 million bricks.\u00a0 It was one of the earliest viaducts and, at that time, it was the largest viaduct in the world.\u00a0 In 1839, the word \u2018viaduct\u2019 was new \u2013 it had been coined only in 1816.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VICTORIA BRIDGE <\/strong>is a single-arch road bridge across the River Irwell <\/strong>between the cities of Salford<\/strong> and Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 1838-1839 and named after Queen Victoria<\/em> (1819-1901).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VICTORIA NORTH <\/strong>is one of the twelve new towns announced by the government in September 2012.\u00a0 The plan is to build an inner-city new town on 155 hectares of brownfield north-east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre, with 15,000 homes and 46 hectares of green space to be named City River Park.\u00a0 The area includes parts of New Cross<\/strong>, Collyhurst<\/strong>, Red Bank<\/strong>, Vauxhall Gardens<\/strong>, Sandhills Park<\/strong> and Smedley<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the nearby Victoria Station<\/strong> and ultimately from Queen Victoria<\/em> (1819-1901).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VICTORIA PARK, Denton <\/strong>is a 2-hectare public park in Denton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The land was purchased in 1886 but the park was not opened until 1913.\u00a0 The park is adjacent to Victoria Street, which takes its name from Queen Victoria<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VICTORIA PARK, Rusholme<\/strong>\u00a0is a suburb of Manchester<\/strong> lying about 3 kilometres south of the city centre between Longsight<\/strong> and Rusholme<\/strong>.\u00a0 Its name comes from the Victoria Park<\/em> Company, which was established in 1836 to build a residential area with large houses for prosperous and professional families.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VICTORIA PARK, Stockport <\/strong>is a 6-hectare park in the Heaviley<\/strong> district of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in the late 19th<\/sup> century, probably to commemorate the 60th<\/sup> year of the reign of Queen Victoria<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VICTORIA PARK, Swinton<\/strong> is a 6-hectare public park in Swinton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in 1897 to commemorate the\u00a060th year of the reign of Queen Victoria<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VICTORIA STATION<\/strong> was opened in 1843 by the Manchester & Leeds Railway. \u00a0In 1844 the Liverpool & Manchester Railway extended its lines to Victoria and closed its Liverpool Road <\/strong>terminus.\u00a0 The new station was originally to have been called Hunt\u2019s Bank<\/strong>, but was instead named after Queen Victoria<\/em>.\u00a0 In 1846 the Manchester & Leeds merged with other local companies to form the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway and established its headquarters at Victoria.\u00a0 The station has been rebuilt in various ways in the past:\u00a0 several platforms were converted into a Metrolink tram station in 1992 and in 1992-94 the new Manchester Arena<\/strong> stadium was built above some of the northern end.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VICTORY <\/strong>is a residential area north-east of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is said to be named after HMS Victory<\/em>, the flagship of Admiral Horatio Nelson (1758-1805), and streets in the area were name after Nelson\u2019s victories at Nile and Trafalgar, as well as after Nelson himself.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VIMTO PARK <\/strong>is a small park in central Manchester<\/strong> that takes its name from the soft drink, Vimto<\/em>, which was first manufactured on the site on Granby Row in 1908.\u00a0 The drink was at first named \u2018Vim Tonic\u2019, because it was said to give the drinker vim<\/em> and vigour, but this was shortened to Vimto in 1912.\u00a0 The park includes a wooden sculpture of a Vimto bottle and all its fruit ingredients.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VIRIDOR WOOD <\/strong>is a 96-hectare country park in Bamfurlong<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> that forms part of the Flashes of Wigan and Leigh<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 It is on the site of Mains Colliery, which was opened in about 1870 and closed in 1960.\u00a0 It then became a landfill site owned and operated by a waste disposal company named Viridor<\/em>, which is the Latin for \u2018to become green\u2019.\u00a0 The site was purchased by the Forestry Commission in 2001 and transformed into a country park.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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WAIN STONES <\/strong>Near Wain Stones and Far Wain Stones are rock formations on Saddleworth <\/strong>Moor in the Peak District <\/strong>National Park in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Academic sources give the origin as Old English w<\/em>\u00e6gn<\/em>, meaning \u2018wagon\u2019, but offer no explanation.\u00a0 Local sources derive the name from Old English wanian<\/em>, meaning \u2018to howl\u2019, in reference to the sound the wind makes as in blows through the rocks.\u00a0 Wanian<\/em> can also mean \u2018to lament\u2019 and it is suggested that the rocks may have some significance as a place of mourning.\u00a0 Two of the rocks are known as the Kissing Rocks from their shape, which resembles two heads close together as if kissing.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALKDEN<\/strong> is a town in the City of Salford <\/strong>about 11 kilometres north-west of Manchester <\/strong>city centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1325 as Walkeden<\/em> and this is usually said to mean \u2018Walca\u2019s valley\u2019 from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Wealaca<\/em> + denu<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019).\u00a0 However, an alternative interpretation is that the origin is the Old English Wealaca<\/em>, meaning \u2018a fuller\u2019 \u2013 someone who shrinks and thickens woollen cloth by moistening, heating, and pressing it by walking on it.\u00a0 This might suggest that Wealaca was a fuller or took his name from the occupation.\u00a0 This would fit with Walkden\u2019s history as a textile manufacturing centre.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALKDEN GARDENS <\/strong>are a 2-hectare public park and open-air theatre in Sale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The site was originally developed as a nursery by Harry Walkden<\/em>, but on his death in 1949 it was bequeathed to Sale Borough Council and named in his memory.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALKER FOLD <\/strong>is a rural woodland area north-west of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is not well documented and is assumed to be an eponym meaning \u2018the animal enclosure (Old English fald<\/em>) belonging to someone called Walker<\/em>\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALKERS <\/strong>is a residential area north-west of Grotton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1738 as Walker\u2019s<\/em> and is probably derived, directly or indirectly, from the Old English wealcere<\/em>, meaning \u2018someone who treats woollen cloth by treading on it in a tub of caustic soda\u2019.\u00a0 This definition of a walker or \u2018fuller\u2019 pre-dates the modern meaning of \u2018walker\u2019 and is the origin of the common surname.\u00a0 Walkers in Oldham may therefore mean \u2018land where walking<\/em> or fulling took place\u2019 or may be an eponym signifying land belonging to someone called Walker<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALKER\u2019S FIELD <\/strong>or MISS WALKER\u2019S FIELD <\/strong>is a public recreational area in Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 In the 19th<\/sup> century the land belonged to the Walker family, who were Lancashire<\/strong> landowners, cotton manufacturers and bankers.\u00a0 The last of the family, a Miss A Walker<\/em>, died in the early 1950s and donated the land to Bury Council.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALKERWOOD RESERVOIR <\/strong>is one of the four Swineshaw<\/strong> reservoirs \u2013 Lower Swineshaw, Higher Swineshaw, Brushes<\/strong> and Walkerwood \u2013 built in 1864-70 to supply drinking water to Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> and Stalybridge<\/strong> in what is now the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name was taken from a local settlement which was recorded on the 1842 Ordnance Survey map but has disappeared from modern maps.\u00a0 The derivation is uncertain but is probably a surname eponym, meaning \u2018the wood<\/em> belonging to someone named Walker<\/em>\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALLGATE<\/strong> is an urban area in the centre of Wigan<\/strong> that takes its name from the area around the mediaeval street of Wallgate<\/em> and Wigan Wallgate railway station.\u00a0 Wallgate is one of the Wigan \u2018gates\u2019, all of which were (and many still are) streets dating from the Middle Ages, and perhaps much earlier as \u2018gate\u2019 is derived from the Old Norse gata<\/em>, meaning \u2018road, street\u2019.\u00a0 Wallgate means \u2018Welsh road\u2019, from the Old English walh<\/em> or wealh<\/em>, suggesting it was the road west to Wales.\u00a0 The others are Standishgate (the road to Standish<\/strong>), Hallgate (the road to Wigan Hall), Millgate (the road leading to a watermill on the River Douglas<\/strong>) and Stairgate (the road to the River Douglas via a set of steps).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALL HILL <\/strong>is a hamlet in the Saddleworth<\/strong> area of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1624 but no explanation is offered.\u00a0 The name could be quite literal and refer to the dry stone walls<\/em> found across Saddleworth hillsides<\/em>.\u00a0 Another theory is that the \u2018wall\u2019 could be the rows of stone tenter posts erected by flannel manufacturers above the hamlet which might look like walls, although the current ones date only from about 1840.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALLNESS<\/strong> is a residential area of north-west Salford<\/strong> and includes Wallness Bridge across the River Irwell.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1261 as Walneys<\/em>, from the Old English hw\u00e6l<\/em>, meaning \u2018round hill\u2019 + ness<\/em> (\u2018promontory, headland\u2019), referring the land inside the long meander in the Irwell at this point.\u00a0 The name had been rationalised to Wallness by the beginning of the 19th<\/sup> century, although the spelling \u2018Walneys\u2019 is found in burial records as late as 1852.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALLSUCHES<\/strong> is a residential district of Horwich<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1777, when brothers Thomas and John Ridgway moved from Dog Hill in Bolton to a site east of Horwich and established the Wallsuches Bleachworks<\/em>.\u00a0 It is said that the name comes from the Old English wella<\/em>, meaning \u2018stream\u2019, + soc<\/em>, meaning \u2018to soak\u2019.\u00a0 This derivation could refer to the numerous streams running off the moors to the east which would provide the water for the bleaching of cloth on the banks.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALMERSLEY <\/strong>is a suburb of north Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1262 as Walmeresley <\/em>and is said to mean \u2018the clearing of Waldmer<\/em> or Walhmer<\/em>\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018woodland clearing\u2019).\u00a0 Alternatively, it could mean \u2018lake by a wood\u2019, from Old English wald <\/em>(\u2018woodland, forest\u2019) + mere <\/em>(\u2018pool, lake\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALSHAW <\/strong>is a village north-west of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1311 as Wolleshagh<\/em>, meaning \u2018the small wood by a stream\u2019, from Old English w\u00e6lla <\/em>(\u2018stream\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse, small wood\u2019).\u00a0 The stream is the nearby Walshaw Brook, a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong>, which would seem to take its name from the village rather than vice versa.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALTON PARK<\/strong> is a 5-hectare public park in Sale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> that was formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The land was acquired by the local authority in 1938 and opened to the public in 1939.\u00a0 Walton<\/em> is a common place name in England and usually means \u2018the farmstead or settlement of the Welsh or Britons\u2019, from the Old English walh<\/em> + t\u016bn<\/em>.\u00a0 The name suggests that there had been an earlier Celtic settlement on or close to the site.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WARBURTON<\/strong> is a village on the south bank of the River Mersey <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Wareburgetune<\/em> and Warburgetone<\/em>, meaning \u2018the estate or village (t\u016bn<\/em>) of a woman called W\u01e3rburg<\/em>\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WARBURTON GREEN <\/strong>is a residential area of Hale Barns<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is believed to derive from the Warburton<\/em> family, as one Peter Warburton (1618-78) leased 4 hectares of land at \u2018the Greene\u2019, but other sources trace the name as far back as 1572.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WARDLE<\/strong> is a town north-east of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Warhul<\/em> in 1193 and with its modern spelling in 1580.\u00a0 The meaning is \u2018look-out hill\u2019, from Old English weard<\/em> (\u2018watch, look-out\u2019) + hyll, <\/em>referring to Brown Wardle<\/em> Hill, a 400-metre-high hill north-west of the town.\u00a0 The name of Brown Wardle Hill suggests that modern English hill <\/em>reduplicates Old English hyll<\/em> because it had been reduced to -le<\/em> and its meaning forgotten.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WARDLEWORTH<\/strong> is a residential area of Rochdale<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in about 1200 and is said to mean \u2018the enclosed settlement (worth<\/em>) close to Wuerdle<\/em>\u2019.\u00a0 See also<\/em> WARDLE<\/strong> and WUERDLE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WARDLEY<\/strong> is a suburb in the north-west of the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1148 as Weardeleige<\/em> and means \u2018clearing or wood (l\u0113ah<\/em>) near a fortified place\u2019 (warde,<\/em> \u2018protection\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WARHILL<\/strong> or WAR HILL <\/strong>is a hamlet in the Mottram-in-Longdendale<\/strong> area of the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1360 as le Wharell<\/em>, which academic sources derive from the Middle English quarrelle<\/em>, meaning \u2018a quarry\u2019.\u00a0 However, according to local legend, the hill<\/em> was the site of a battle in 1138 in the Anarchy War <\/em>between Stephen and Matilda for the English throne.\u00a0 Stephen (reigned 1135-54) was victorious but Matilda\u2019s son eventually succeeded King Stephen as Henry II (reigned 1154-89).\u00a0 The church of St Michael and All Angels is said to have been erected on Warhill to commemorate the battle.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WARLOW PIKE <\/strong>and WARLOW BROOK\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Warlow Brook, a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong>, rises on Warlow Pike and flows north to meet the Tame near Mossley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside.<\/strong>\u00a0 Warlow Pike is recorded in 1468 as Harelowe<\/em>, from Old English h<\/em>\u0101r<\/em> (\u2018grey\u2019 or \u2018boundary) + hl\u0101w <\/em>(\u2018hill\u2019), and Pike comes Old English pic<\/em>, meaning \u2018a point\u2019, as on the mediaeval weapon, and so \u2018a pointed hill\u2019.\u00a0 It has been suggested that Warlow Pike marked the ancient boundary between Cheshire<\/strong> and Saddleworth<\/strong>, and the boundary was marked with grey stones so that h\u0101r<\/em> came to mean \u2018boundary\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WARTH FOLD <\/strong>is a residential and recreational area south-west of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented and literally means \u2019animal enclosure animal enclosure\u2019 \u2013 an example of reduplication as Old English worth<\/em> and fald <\/em>both mean \u2018animal enclosure\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WATCH HILL CASTLE<\/strong> is mediaeval castle in Bowdon<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> also known as Castle Hill.\u00a0 The site is located north of the River Bollin,<\/strong> overlooking a ford by which the old Roman road from Manchester<\/strong> to Chester crossed the river.\u00a0 The name is apparently not recorded until the 19th<\/sup> century, but it evidently means \u2018look-out hill\u2019 from the Old English waecce<\/em> (\u2018a watch, look-out\u2019) + hyll<\/em>.\u00a0 The earlier name of Castle Hill was recorded in 1481 as Le Castell Milne<\/em> (i.e. Castle Mill) but in 1535 as Castill Hill<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WATERDALE <\/strong>is a residential and parkland area in Whitefield <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 1780s when a series of reservoirs was constructed for the Waterdale<\/em> Bleach & Dye Works, although it may have been a farm name at an earlier date.\u00a0 The works was demolished in the 1970s and the area was used for waste spoil during the construction of the M62 motorway, but is has since been regenerated as a nature reserve.\u00a0 The name means \u2018the valley (Old English d<\/em>\u00e6l<\/em>) of the waters (w<\/em>\u00e6ter<\/em>)\u2019, referring to the waters of Mere Brook<\/strong> and Bradley Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WATERGROVE RESERVOIR<\/strong> is a reservoir in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale,<\/strong> which was completed in 1938.<\/strong>\u00a0 It takes its name from the former village of Watergrove<\/em>, which was evacuated and submerged when the reservoir was built.\u00a0 The village had originally developed in the 1840s to provide housing for Watergrove Mill<\/em>, which was built in 1841.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WATERHEAD <\/strong>is a residential area of north-east Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1648 as Watergate Mill but as Waterhead in 1844, when it was created as a parish. \u00a0Both gate<\/em> and head<\/em> here mean \u2018the source of a river or stream\u2019, which could refer to any of the streams that rise in this area on the edge of the moors.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WATER HEYES <\/strong>is a residential area of north-east Wigan<\/strong> beside the River Douglas<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the mid-19th<\/sup> century and its origin does not seem to have been explored.\u00a0 Given its position, it is likely that it means \u2018enclosures beside the water\u2019, from Old English w<\/em>\u00e6ter <\/em>(referring to the Douglas) + h<\/em>\u01e3g <\/em>(\u2018enclosure\u2019).\u00a0 It is a coincidence that the Water Heyes Electrical Company was founded by brothers William and Lancelot Heyes at the turn of the 20th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WATERHOUSES<\/strong> is a village (also known as Daisy Nook<\/strong>) and country park in Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from The Waterhouse<\/em>, the former name of Medlock<\/strong> Hall, a country house dating from the 15th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WATERLOO<\/strong> is a residential area of Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1823 and takes its name from Wellington<\/strong>\u2019s victory at the Battle of Waterloo<\/em> in Belgium in June 1815.\u00a0 The name of the original Belgian village means \u2018watery clearing\u2019, from the Middle Dutch water<\/em> + loo<\/em> (\u2018forest, clearing\u2019).\u00a0 A number of streets in the Ashton Waterloo are named after officers in the victorious army.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WATERS BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> which rises north of Bleak Hey Nook<\/strong> in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows south west through Waters Clough to meet Hull Brook<\/strong>, which then flows south west to join the Tame in Delph<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name Waters<\/em> is found in several places locally:\u00a0 Waters Farm is recorded in 1722 and Waters Gate marks the entry to Waters Lane, which leads to Waters Farm.\u00a0 The names all seem to refer to the various headwaters<\/em> of the Tame that meet in the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WATERSHEDDINGS <\/strong>is a residential area of north-east Oldham<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1102 as Watersdeles<\/em>, a name that means \u2018the dividing of the waters\u2019, i.e. the watershed at the top of Pendle Hill.\u00a0 The name comes from Middle English water <\/em>+ shadel<\/em> (\u2018parting\u2019), a name and spelling that are still found in Watersheddles Reservoir in Lancashire, built in 1877.\u00a0 The modern word \u2018watershed\u2019 is not found in English until 1764, and it seems likely that the name of the village was rationalised at some point to align with the modern term.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WATER\u2019S NOOK <\/strong>is a residential area of Westhoughton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is not well documented before 1891.\u00a0 Its name is derived from its position in nook<\/em> of land north of the V-shaped confluence of the waters <\/em>of Hall Lee Brook<\/strong> with another, apparently-unnamed stream flowing from the north-east.\u00a0 Nook comes from the Old English n<\/em>\u014dk<\/em> (\u2018nook of land; triangular plot\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WEASTE<\/strong> is an inner-city suburb of the City of Salford<\/strong>, previously in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name comes from the Old French wast<\/em> or waste<\/em>, meaning \u2018uncultivated or common land\u2019.\u00a0 The word is used throughout the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) in its Latin form, wasta<\/em>, for uninhabited land for which dues and taxes would not be paid, but Weaste in Lancashire is not mentioned.\u00a0 Although the name would seem to date from mediaeval times, Weaste is not well documented.\u00a0 A map of 1675 calls what is now Weaste Lane \u2018Brewers Lane\u2019.\u00a0 Weaste Hall dates from 1831.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u201cWEATHERFIELD\u201d<\/strong> is a fictional town in Greater Manchester<\/strong> which since 1974 has been the location for the Coronation Street<\/em> soap opera.\u00a0 According to Corriepedia<\/em>, it was originally a farming area called Bellwether Field<\/em>, meaning \u2018the field of the wethered ram around whose neck a bell was hung\u2019, from the Old\/Middle English belle<\/em> (\u2018bell\u2019) + wether<\/em> (\u2018castrated ram\u2019) + feld <\/em>(\u2018field, farm\u2019).\u00a0 Over time, this was simplified to Wetherfield and ultimately rationalised to Weatherfield.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WEDNESHOUGH <\/strong>is a location in Hollingworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1795 with its modern spelling but its origin is disputed:\u00a0 it is often said that Wedneshough Green was an ancient religious site named after the Anglo-Saxon god Woden <\/em>+ Old Norse sk<\/em>\u00f3gr<\/em> (\u2018a wood\u2019) or Old English h<\/em>\u014dh<\/em> (spur of land\u2019), but the first element could also be Old English withign <\/em>(\u2018willow\u2019) or w<\/em>\u0113oden<\/em> (\u2018covered with weeds\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WEIR MILL <\/strong>or WEAR MILL<\/strong> is a repurposed cotton mill in Stockport<\/strong> that is now a residential and retail centre.\u00a0 The Tame<\/strong> and the Goyt<\/strong> meet in central Stockport to form the River Mersey<\/strong>, which then flows west towards Brinksway<\/strong>.\u00a0 In this short stretch five water-powered cotton mills were built in the 1790s, each with its own weir.\u00a0 One of those on the south bank was named, appropriately, Weir Mill, although it had been converted to steam by 1834.\u00a0 One of the arches of the Stockport Viaduct<\/strong> was built over it in 1840 and part of the upper floor was demolished when the viaduct was doubled in 1888-1889. \u00a0It ceased production in the 1970s and was restored in 2024 as part of Stockport\u2019s regeneration plans.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WELL GREEN <\/strong>is a residential area on the edge of Hale Barns<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> close to Fairywell Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1831 as Waugh Green<\/em> but with its modern spelling in 1841.\u00a0 Its meaning and derivation are thought to be literal:\u00a0 \u2018the green by a well, spring or stream\u2019, from Old English wella<\/em> + gr<\/em>\u0113ne<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WELLINGTON BRIDGE <\/strong>is an 11-arch road bridge in Stockport <\/strong>that carries Wellington Road, the modern A6 and a rerouting of the old Roman Road from Manchester<\/strong> to Buxton, over the valley of the River Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 The bridge was built in 1824-1826 and was named after the Duke of Wellington<\/em> (1769-1852), the victor at the Battle of Waterloo<\/strong> of 1815 and later prime minister.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WERNETH <\/strong>is a residential area of Oldham<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>, about 1.5 kilometres west-south-west of Oldham town centre.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1226 as Vernet,<\/em> meaning \u2018place where alder trees grow\u2019 and is derived from the Celtic verno<\/em>, meaning \u2018alder trees\u2019.\u00a0 It is a rare survivor of a Celtic place name and reflects the wooded landscape of the time.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WERNETH BROOK<\/strong> is a stream and tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> in Hyde<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see Appendix 1) as Warnet<\/em>, meaning \u2018place where alder trees grow\u2019 from the Celtic verno<\/em>, meaning \u2018alder trees\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WERNETH LOW <\/strong>is a 279-metre hill on the boundary between the Metropolitan Boroughs of Stockport <\/strong>and Tameside<\/strong>, north-east of Romiley<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in about 1620 as Wernith Low<\/em>, meaning \u2018the hill (Old English hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em>) where alder trees (Celtic verno<\/em>) grow\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WEST DIDSBURY\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>DIDSBURY<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WEST GORTON\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> GORTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WESTHOUGHTON<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, 6 kilometres south-west of Bolton itself and 21 kilometres north-west of Manchester <\/strong>city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1240 as Westhalcton<\/em> and with its modern spelling from the 16th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It means \u2018the western settlement in a nook of land\u2019, from Old English west <\/em>(\u2018west, western\u2019) + halh<\/em> (\u2018nook, corner of land\u2019) + t\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018enclosure, village\u2019).\u00a0 The West<\/em> was originally to distinguish it from Little Houghton, a village name that seems to have vanished, and the nook may refer to a bend in nearby Water\u2019s Nook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WEST HULME <\/strong>or WESTHULME <\/strong>is, as its name suggests, a residential area west<\/em> of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is not well documented before the mid-19th<\/sup> century, with West Hulme isolation hospital built in the 1870s, and even on the 1882 Ordnance Survey map it appears as a separate hamlet.\u00a0 The name combines Old English west<\/em> with the Old Norse element holmr <\/em>(\u2018dry land, promontory\u2019) which originally formed part of Oldham\u2019s 13th<\/sup>-century name \u2013 Aldholm<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WESTLEIGH<\/strong> is a suburb of north-west Leigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1238 as Westlegh<\/em>, from Old English West<\/em> + Old English l\u0113ah<\/em>, meaning ‘wood, clearing or meadow’.\u00a0 The West <\/em>distinguishes it from Leigh itself.\u00a0 See also<\/em> ASTLEY<\/strong>.\u00a0 Westleigh gives its name to Westleigh Brook, a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong> which flows from north to south through the town.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WEST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE<\/strong> was until 1974 one of the three ridings (i.e. third-ings) of Yorkshire<\/strong>, the ancient county named after the city of York.\u00a0 Since 1974, the West Riding has become simply West Yorkshire, although parts of the old West Riding around Saddleworth<\/strong> were transferred to the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> in Greater Manchester.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WESTWOOD<\/strong>\u00a0is a residential area of western Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded as Westewood<\/em> in the late 13th century, from the Old English west<\/em> + wudu<\/em>, meaning \u2018place to the west of a wood or forest\u2019 or \u2018a forest to the west of a settlement\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WESTWOOD FLASH <\/strong>is one of the seven \u2018flashes<\/em>\u2019 or lakes mostly created by mining subsidence early in the 20th<\/sup> century that make up the Flashes of Wigan and Leigh<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name originates with Westwood<\/em> (i.e. \u2018western wood\u2019) Hall<\/em>, a country house built in about 1785 south-west of Ince-in-Makerfield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 Westwood Power Station was built nearby in 1948-50 but closed and demolished in 1989.\u00a0 The cooling water for the power station formed a man-made lake which is now Westwood Flash, while the site of the power station has been developed as Westwood Business Park and the estate of Westwood Hall is now Westwood Park Gardens.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WESTWOOD PARK <\/strong>is a residential area south-east of Worsley <\/strong>in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area was originally the site of Westwood Park, a country house with formal gardens dating from the 18th<\/sup> or 19th<\/sup> century, presumably named because it was a wooded <\/em>area west<\/em> of the main townships of Salford at the time.\u00a0 The house has been demolished but the estate is now Broadoak<\/strong> Park.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WET EARTH COLLIERY <\/strong>was a coal mine in Dixon Fold<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was first opened in 1756 and was originally called Gal Pit from the Galloway ponies that were used there.\u00a0 It had to be closed because of flooding but an ingenious drainage system was devised and it re-opened in the 1760s, although the flooding problems were recalled in its name.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>The mine was painted by Lowry in 1925 (see<\/em> Appendix 2) and was closed in about 1928, but the site was later converted into Clifton<\/strong> Country Park, which opened in 2005.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHALLEY RANGE <\/strong>is an inner-city area in Moss Side<\/strong> and Withington<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>, previously in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was one of the earliest suburbs of Manchester, built in the 1830s by local banker and businessman Samuel Brooks (1793-1864) (see also<\/em> BROOKLANDS<\/strong>).\u00a0 He named the area after his birthplace, Whalley<\/em> near Blackburn in Lancashire.\u00a0 Whalley<\/em> is mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle as the site of the great battle of Hw\u00e6lleage<\/em> in April 798 and takes its name from the Old English hw\u00e6l<\/em>, meaning \u2018round hill\u2019 + l\u0113ah<\/em>, \u2018clearing or settlement\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHARFSIDE<\/strong> is a regeneration area in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> on the south bank of the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> opposite Salford Quays<\/strong> and including Manchester United\u2019s Old<\/strong> Trafford<\/strong> stadium and the Imperial War Museum<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is taken from the location beside the wharves <\/em>of the Manchester Ship Canal and seems to have been devised at the time the Metrolink tram stop (originally to have been called Manchester United) was opened on 22 March 2020 with the name \u2018Wharfside\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHELLEY<\/strong> is a residential area of Wigan<\/strong>, north-east of the town itself.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1160 as Quelley<\/em> and with its modern spelling from 1553.\u00a0 It means \u2018round settlement\u2019, from Old English hweol<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018wheel; water-wheel; anything round, such as a stone circle or a curving valley or hill\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018clearing or settlement\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHIT BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irk <\/strong>that rises south of Rochdale<\/strong> and flows south to join the Irk west of Middleton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but means simply \u2018white stream\u2019 from the Old English hw<\/em>\u012bt + br\u014dc.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> which rises at White Brook Spring south east of Heathfields<\/strong> and flows about 830 metres north west to meet the Tame at Uppermill<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century as Wytibroke<\/em> and Whitebrok<\/em>, literally meaning \u2018white brook\u2019 from Old English hw<\/em>\u012bt<\/em> + br\u014dc<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITE BROW <\/strong>is a residential area on the banks of the River Roch<\/strong> in Hollins<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded on Ordnance Survey maps surveyed in the mid-1840s and means \u2018the pale hill\u2019, from the Old English hw\u012bt <\/em>+ bru<\/em>.\u00a0 The brow<\/em> refers to the slope rising from the River Roch and the white<\/em> could be the pale rock or soil, white flowers or fields.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITEFIELD<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> that was formerly part of Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1292 as Whitefeld<\/em>, meaning \u2018white field or land\u2019, from Old English hw\u012bta<\/em> + feld<\/em>.\u00a0 There are several theories about what the \u2018white\u2019 element might mean:\u00a0 long-lying snow, white flowers such as lilies (see Lily Hill<\/strong>), fabric laid out for bleaching or wheat fields.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITEGATE <\/strong>and WHITEGATE END <\/strong>are nearby residential and industrial areas of Chadderton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Whitegate<\/em> is recorded in 1556 but the name is not well documented.\u00a0 Gate<\/strong>, from Old Norse gata<\/em>, means \u2018road\u2019, and End<\/strong> suggests that both places were at one time at the end of a road.\u00a0 Why this road was White <\/strong>is not known but it might be that it was the road to White Moss<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITEHEAD BROOK\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> WHITEHEAD HALL MEADOWS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITEHEAD GARDENS <\/strong>is a public park and war memorial in Tottington <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is named after Mr and Mrs S D Whitehead<\/em>, who gave the garden to the people of Tottington in remembrance of the seven people who were killed when an air-launched V1 flying bomb landed on Chapel Street on 24 December 1944.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITEHEAD HALL MEADOWS <\/strong>is a 5.58 hectare nature reserve in Astley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The original Whitehead Hall<\/em> was a mediaeval farmhouse in the area of Worsley<\/strong> and Tyldesley<\/strong>, apparently named after the Whitehead<\/em> family.\u00a0 The farm survived until the 1950s, when it became the site for colliery waste from nearby coal mines.\u00a0 In 2000 this was cleared and designated as nature reserve.\u00a0 Whitehead Brook, a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong>, which forms part of the boundary between Wigan and Salford<\/strong>, also takes its name from the Whitehead family.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITE ISLES BROOK <\/strong>rises north of Windy Hill <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale <\/strong>and flows west to join Longden End Brook, which then flows south-west through Rakewood<\/strong> Valley to empty into Hollingworth Lake<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not recorded on 19th<\/sup>-century maps and its origin and meaning are uncertain.\u00a0 White<\/em> may refer to light soil or white flora such as sedge.\u00a0 Isles <\/em>may be a corruption or rationalisation of Ealees<\/strong>, a name found to the north-west of White Isles Brook and meaning \u2018clearings or \u2018islands\u2019 of land beside a brook or river\u2019, from the Old English \u0113a<\/em> (\u2018river\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (woodland clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITELEY <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> LOWER WHITELEY DEAN BROOK<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITE MOSS <\/strong>is a rural and recreational area north of Charlestown<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong> spreading across parts of Middleton<\/strong> and Chadderton<\/strong>, with part now occupied by Blackley<\/strong> golf course.\u00a0 The place is not well documented:\u00a0 moss<\/em> refers to the large areas of peat bog across the east of Greater Manchester<\/strong>, and, while such swampland can be covered with white moss<\/em> flowers, this cannot be confirmed as the origin of the name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITE\u2019S BRIDGE <\/strong>is a road bridge over the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong> in Sale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 1816 and named after Dr Charles White<\/em> (1728-1813), co-founder of the Manchester Royal Infirmary, who lived nearby at Sale Priory (see<\/em> Priory Gardens<\/strong>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITLEY <\/strong>is a residential area of Wigan<\/strong> north of the town centre.\u00a0 It takes its name from Whitley Hall<\/em>, which is recorded as being rebuilt in about 1584.\u00a0 It was demolished sometime before the 1940s but the grounds included a large lake, which is now Whitley reservoir.\u00a0 The name means \u2018white clearing or meadow\u2019 from the Old English hw\u012bt <\/em>+ l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em>, but why the place was described as \u2018white\u2019 is uncertain.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITTAKER<\/strong> is a village south-east of Littleborough <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale <\/strong>that gives its name to Whittaker Woods, a 4.65-hectare area of woodland, and to Whittaker Spout Gutter, a stream which rises to the east and flows west to join Shore Lane Brook<\/strong>, which ultimately flows into Hollingworth Lake<\/strong>.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>The name is not well documented but literally means \u2018white field\u2019 from Old English hw\u012bt <\/em>+ \u00e6cer<\/em>.\u00a0\u00a0 Whittaker Spout Gutter is more complex:\u00a0 Spout<\/em> comes from Middle English spoute<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018spout, spring\u2019) and Gutter<\/em> could come either from Old English gota<\/em> (\u2018water course, stream\u2019) or Middle English goter<\/em> (\u2018small brook, channel\u2019, from the Old French gutiere<\/em>).\u00a0 This is the only occurrence of gutter<\/em> in Greater Manchester<\/strong>, but it is more common in Lancashire<\/strong>:\u00a0 the Ribble\/Douglas <\/strong>rivers have six tributaries including gutter<\/em> as an element in their name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITTLE HILL <\/strong>is a residential area of Egerton <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the 470-metre high hill nearby.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1292 as Quitful<\/em> and with its modern spelling in 1612.\u00a0 It means \u2018white or bright hill\u2019 from the Old English hwit<\/em> + hyll<\/em>.\u00a0 Over time, the second element (hill<\/em>) was reduced to –le<\/em>, and so the meaning was reduplicated by adding another \u2018Hill\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITWORTH PARK <\/strong>is a public park with an art gallery south of Manchester <\/strong>city centre.\u00a0 The park and Whitworth Art Gallery were laid out on land purchased from the will of Sir Joseph Whitworth <\/em>(1803-1887), the engineer known for his standard screw threads.\u00a0 The park and gallery were donated to the City of Manchester and opened in 1890.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WICHEAVES<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0See<\/em> PEEL<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WICKENS BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises north of Pobgreen<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows through Wickens Clough to meet the Tame south of Uppermill<\/strong>.\u00a0 Wickens<\/em> and Wickens Clough<\/em> are recorded in 1725 and the name means \u2018wiggin or mountain ash trees\u2019 from Old English cwicen<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WIGAN <\/strong>is a town on the River Douglas <\/strong>and, since 1974, a metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1199 as Wigan<\/strong> and is probably an eponym meaning \u2018the dwelling or homestead of Wigan\u2019, from the Celtic personal name Wigan<\/em>.\u00a0 An alternative possibility is that it is from the Old English wicum<\/em>, meaning \u2018at the dwellings\u2019.\u00a0 According to folk etymology, the town\u2019s name is derived from the wiggin <\/em>tree, a variant of the rowan or mountain ash, and a wiggin tree is included on Wigan\u2019s coat of arms.\u00a0 \u2018Wiggin\u2019 is a dialect variant of Middle English quiken<\/em>, which is also found in Wickenlow in Lancashire<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WIGAN FLASHES NATURE RESERVE <\/strong>is a 260-hectare country park in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> that forms one of the 8 sites of the Flashes of Wigan and Leigh<\/strong>.\u00a0 It consists of seven wetlands mostly formed by the subsidence of colliery workings at the turn of the 20th<\/sup> century – Bryn Marsh<\/strong>, Horrocks’ Flash<\/strong>, Ochre Flash<\/strong>, Pearson’s Flash<\/strong>, Scotman’s Flash<\/strong>, Turner’s Flash<\/strong> and Westwood Flash<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened as a nature reserve and site of special scientific interest in 2022. \u00a0A flash<\/em> is a mining term for a lake formed by subsidence (a meaning not included in the Oxford English Dictionary<\/em>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WIGAN PIER <\/strong>was originally a wharf on the Leeds & Liverpool Canal in Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was probably built sometime in the 18th<\/sup> century, when the main meaning of the word pier<\/em> was an industrial wharf or jetty rather than an entertainment facility built by the sea.\u00a0 Wigan Pier became a music-hall joke and featured in a song by George Formby, as well as the title of George Orwell\u2019s The Road to Wigan Pier<\/em>, a 1937 study of the social conditions of Lancashire\u2019s working classes.\u00a0 Orwell explained the joke:\u00a0 \u2018At one time, on one of the muddy little canals that run round the town, there used to be a tumble-down wooden jetty; and by way of a joke someone nicknamed this Wigan Pier. The joke caught on locally, and then the music-hall<\/a> comedians got hold of it, and they are the ones who have succeeded in keeping Wigan Pier alive as a byword\u2019. \u00a0The original Wigan Pier was demolished in about 1929 but nearby warehouses continued in use.\u00a0 In the 1980s they were converted into a museum of Victorian life but this closed in 2007 and current plans are to convert the buildings of Wigan Pier and Eckersley Mill <\/strong>for residential, retail and entertainment use.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WILBRAHAM ROAD<\/strong> is a long road in Chorlton-cum-Hardy<\/strong> and Fallowfield<\/strong> in south Manchester<\/strong>, originally built in the 1860s with large houses.\u00a0 It was named after Wilbraham<\/em> Egerton<\/strong> (1832-1909) of Tatton Park<\/strong>, who was MP for North Cheshire and the second chairman of the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WILDERSWOOD<\/strong> is a 9.7-hectare woodland north east of Horwich<\/strong> and south of Wilders Moor in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1322 as Wilderhirst<\/em>, from Old English wilder<\/em>, meaning \u2018wild animal, especially a deer\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WILDHOUSE<\/strong> is an area in Butterworth<\/strong> in south-eastern Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 A property called \u2018Wyld House\u2019 is recorded in the area in the late 15th<\/sup> century, its name literally meaning the house or home of the Wyld <\/em>or Wylde <\/em>family, who are known to have lived in the area since the late 13th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WILL BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> which rises on Rocher<\/strong> Moss in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows west through Will Clough to join Brun Brook<\/strong>, which then flows into the Tame as Diggle<\/strong> Brook.\u00a0 The name and its origin seem to be undated and undocumented.\u00a0 Possible derivations are Old English wilig <\/em>(\u2018the stream beside willow<\/em> trees\u2019) or wylla\/wyll<\/em> (\u2018the stream that comes from a well<\/em> or spring\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WILLOWS <\/strong>is a residential area north of Daubhill <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton <\/strong>dating from the 1930s.\u00a0 It takes its name from the nearby Willows Lane<\/em>, which is recorded in 1762 as part of the St Helens to Bolton turnpike.\u00a0 The lane also formed the boundary between Bolton and Rumworth<\/strong>.\u00a0 Willow comes from the Old English wilig<\/em> or welig<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WILSON BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises as Godley<\/strong> Brook and flows west and then south to join the Tame in Hyde<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>. The name is recorded in 1800, when the Ashton family operated a mill at Godley beside Wilson Brook.\u00a0 The name is thought to be an eponym, perhaps from the local Wilson-Patten<\/em> family, one of whom, John Wilson-Patten (1802-1892) was MP for Lancashire<\/strong> and, later, North Lancashire from 1830 to 1874.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WINCE BROOK<\/strong> is a 5.1-kilometre tributary of the River Irk<\/strong> which rises south of Middleton Junction<\/strong> and flows north east to join the Irk in Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the mid-19th<\/sup> century but it is known that it was formerly called Wink\u2019s Brook.\u00a0 The name probably means either \u2018a swiftly moving brook\u2019, from Middle English wincen<\/em> (\u2018to turn or move swiftly\u2019), or \u2018sharply-turning brook\u2019, from Old English wince\/wincel<\/em> (\u2018sharp bend, corner\u2019).\u00a0 The brook lends its name to Wince Brook Nature Reserve, which has been established since 2011.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WINDLEHURST <\/strong>is a small village south of Marple<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1759 with its modern spelling and means \u2018wooded hill where coarse grass grows\u2019, from the Middle English windle<\/em> (shortened from windel-str<\/em>\u0113aw<\/em>, meaning \u2018coarse grass used for making windles or woven baskets\u2019) + hyrst<\/em> (\u2018wooded hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WINDSOR <\/strong>is an area of Pendleton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>, although the name seems to be falling out of use.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the end of the 18th<\/sup> century, when Windsor Wharf was built, the Windsor Castle pub was opened in 1791, a road bridge was built over the Manchester Bolton and Bury Canal, and the New Windsor chapel was opened in 1797.\u00a0 The area seems to have originally been called \u2018New Windsor\u2019 and the name was transferred from Windsor<\/em> in Berkshire, the name of which means \u2018a slope with a windlass\u2019, from the Old English windels<\/em> (\u2018winding-gear, a winch, a windlass\u2019) + \u014dra<\/em> (\u2018a slope, shore\u2019). \u00a0Adopting the name of a fashionable or affluent town in the south of England was especially popular in the 1790s as a process of gentrification.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WINDY ARBOUR<\/strong> or WINDY HARBOUR <\/strong>is, with various spellings, found in several parts of England.\u00a0 There are two in Greater Manchester<\/strong>:\u00a0 Windy Arbour<\/strong>, a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, south-west of Wigan itself, and Windy Harbour<\/strong>, a location east of Diggle<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The meaning in each case is \u2018windy shelter\u2019 or \u2018shelter from the wind’, from Old English windig <\/em>(\u2018windy\u2019) + here-beorg<\/em> (\u2018shelter\u2019).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 It used to be thought that the reference was to a resting place for legionnaires along a Roman road, but this theory has been challenged and it may refer simply to an exposed shelter.\u00a0 It seems that Windy Arbour in Wigan is not close to any Roman road, but Windy Arbour near Diggle is on the route of the Roman road from Manchester<\/strong> to Castleshaw<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WINDY HILL <\/strong>is a 389-metre hill in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> in the South Pennines<\/strong>, close to the border with West Yorkshire<\/strong> and the traditional border between Lancashire<\/strong> and Yorkshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in the first edition of the Ordnance Survey maps of the 1840s-1850s but is almost certainly much older.\u00a0 The name is quite literal:\u00a0 an exposed hill<\/em> well-known for its winds<\/em> and gales up to 200 kph.\u00a0 The M62 crosses the area in Windy Hill Cutting and the Pennine Way<\/strong> Footbridge crosses the cutting at the eastern end in West Yorkshire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WINGATES <\/strong>is a village north of Westhoughton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1272 as Windyates<\/em>, meaning \u2018wind gate, a gate for the wind\u2019, referring to a pass through which the wind is funnelled, from Old English wind <\/em>+ geat<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018hole, opening, gap, pass, gate or gateway\u2019).\u00a0 The village is in an area exposed to the wind.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WINNING HILL <\/strong>is now a residential area of Gorton<\/strong> in the City of Manchester <\/strong>which is also known as Ryder Brow.\u00a0 Gorton and nearby Nico Ditch<\/strong> are said to have been the site of battles between the Anglo-Saxons and the Danes in the late 9th<\/sup> and early 10th<\/sup> centuries, and it is tempting to think that the name commemorates a decisive victory.\u00a0 However, it is also possible that is it derived from the Middle English win<\/em>, in the sense of reclaiming marshland or woodland for cultivation, or whin<\/em>, meaning \u2018gorse\u2019.\u00a0 19th<\/sup> century maps also give the name Ryder Brow or Rider Brow as an alternative to Winning Hill, but the Ryder spelling seems to have been standardised with the opening of Ryder Brow railway station in 1985.\u00a0 Ryder is thought to derive from George Ryder<\/em>, who oversaw the building of Maidens\u2019 Bridge<\/strong> over Gore Brook<\/strong> in 1737.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WINSTANLEY<\/strong> is a suburb of Wigan <\/strong>that was part of Lancashire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1206 as Unstanesle<\/em> but its origin and modern spelling are more clearly seen in Wynstaneslegh,<\/em> recorded in 1252.\u00a0 The name means \u2018Wynstan\u2019s clearing in a forest\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Wynstan<\/em> + l\u0113ah<\/em>.\u00a0 The personal name may be derived from the Old English wynn<\/em> (\u2018joy\u2019) + stan<\/em> (\u2018stone\u2019) and the mediaeval village is thought to be the origin of the \u2018Winstanley\u2019 family name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WINTER HILL <\/strong>is a 457-metre-high hill in Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century as Wintyrhold<\/em> and Wintyrheld<\/em>, literally meaning \u2018winter hill\u2019 or \u2018winter slope\u2019.\u00a0 It has been suggested that the slopes (Old English -helde<\/em>) are sometimes covered with cotton grass, making it look as if they are covered in snow, even in summer.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WINTON<\/strong> is a residential area on the western edge of the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1284 as Wythynton<\/em> and as Wynton<\/em> in 1535.\u00a0 It means \u2018settlement among willow trees\u2019, from Old English withig<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018willow tree\u2019) or withigen\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018growing with willows\u2019) + t\u016bn <\/em>(\u2018enclosure, village\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WITHINGTON<\/strong> is a suburb of Manchester<\/strong>, 6.5 kilometres south of the city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1212 as Withington<\/em>, from Old English withig<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018willow tree\u2019) or withigen\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018growing with willows\u2019) + t\u016bn <\/em>(\u2018enclosure, village\u2019), one of many places named after the willows that once grew there.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WODEN FOOTBRIDGE <\/strong>or WODEN STREET BRIDGE <\/strong>over the River Irwell<\/strong> between Ordsall<\/strong> in Salford<\/strong> and Cornbrook <\/strong>in Manchester<\/strong> was built in 1873 on the site of Woden\u2019s Ford<\/em>, an ancient crossing point that took the Roman road from Manchester to Wigan<\/strong> over the river.\u00a0 The ford took its name from the nearby Woden\u2019s Den, a cave in the sandstone river bank that was said to be a temple to the Saxon god Woden<\/em>, and later a Christian hermitage.\u00a0 The cave was destroyed in 1808 as its owner wanted to prevent travellers from visiting it for luck before crossing the river.\u00a0 The bridge is also known as \u2018Mark Addy\u2019s Bridge\u2019 after Mark Addy (1838-1890), a Salford innkeeper and champion rower who was awarded the Albert Medal (forerunner of the George Cross) for rescuing 50 people from the Irwell.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOLSTENHOLME <\/strong>is a residential area west of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1180 as Wolstonholme<\/em>, an eponym meaning \u2018Wulfstan<\/em>\u2019s raised land in a swampy area\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + Old Norse holmr.<\/em>\u00a0 Earlier suggestions that the name is derived from the Old English for \u2018wolf\u2019 are now discounted.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOMANSCROFT<\/strong> is a locality in north-east Bramhall<\/strong> close to Bramhall Green<\/strong> and Happy Valley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 Womanscroft Bridge across the Ladybrook<\/strong> was built in 1931 and replaced one from the early 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 However, an earlier bridge is recorded in 1637, when a landowning woman <\/em>who \u2018had a house with a small croft<\/em> and toft\u2019 was given certain legal rights, including being a juror and being \u2018exempt from the burden of repairing the bridge over Lady Brook, known as the Woman\u2019s Croft bridge\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODBANK MEMORIAL PARK <\/strong>is a 20-hectare public park in Offerton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> overlooking the River Goyt<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Woodbank Farm<\/em>, which was purchased in 1812 by Peter Marsland, a local cotton manufacturer who built an estate and villa on the land.\u00a0 In 1920 these were sold to Sir Thomas Rowbotham, who donated the land to Stockport Council as a war memorial<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODEND <\/strong>or WOOD END <\/strong>is a common place name across England and Greater<\/strong> Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is usually literal:\u00a0 \u2018where the wood <\/em>(Old English wudu<\/em>) ends<\/em> (ende<\/em>)\u2019 or \u2018the place at the end<\/em> of the wood<\/em>\u2019.\u00a0 Woodend Mill in Mossley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> was built in 1830-40 but the settlement and its name may be older.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODFORD<\/strong> is a village outside of Stockport<\/strong> that was in Cheshire <\/strong>until 1974.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1248 as Widford<\/em> and with its modern spelling from 1430.\u00a0 It means \u2018the ford<\/em> in or by a wood<\/em>\u2019 from the Old English wudu<\/em> + ford<\/em>, and refers to a crossing of the River Dean<\/strong> in a forest.\u00a0 Woodford Aerodrome was opened by the aircraft manufacturer Avro in 1924 and closed in August 2011.\u00a0 Part of the former airfield now houses the Avro Heritage Museum<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODGATE HILL <\/strong>is a residential area north-east of Bury<\/strong> town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in parish registers in 1766 and means \u2018the hill<\/em> (Old English hyll<\/em>) by a road (Old Norse gata<\/em>) through a wood<\/em> (Old English wudu<\/em>)\u2019, presumably referring to its position at the junction of Bell Lane\/Rochdale Old Road and Castle Hill Road.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODHEYS<\/strong> HALL<\/strong> is a housing development in Ashton upon Mersey<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The estate dates from 1931 but the Woodheys name, meaning \u2018wood enclosures\u2019 from the Old English wudu<\/em> + h<\/em>\u00e6g<\/em>, is recorded in 1831.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODHEYS PARK<\/strong> is a 7.5-hectare public park in west Timperley<\/strong> north of Sinderland <\/strong>Brook in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in the 1970s on land that was formerly Woodheys Farm<\/em>.\u00a0 The farm was recorded on the 1831 Ordnance Survey map of the area and means \u2018wood enclosures\u2019, from the Old English wudu<\/em> + h<\/em>\u00e6g.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODHILL <\/strong>and WOODHILL FOLD <\/strong>are residential areas north-west of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1563 as Wyddell<\/em>, meaning \u2018wide nook of land\u2019, from the Old English w<\/em>\u012bd<\/em> + halh<\/em>, referring to a meander in the nearby River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 Over time, the name was rationalised to \u2018Woodhill\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODHOUSE GREEN\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> WOODHOUSES, Oldham<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODHOUSE LANE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Spodden<\/strong> which rises on Rooley Moor<\/strong> west of Catley Lane<\/strong> Head<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and flows north and east to join the Spodden in Broadley in Rossendale in Lancashire.<\/strong>\u00a0 It takes its name from Woodhouse Lane<\/em>, which runs parallel with it in the early part of its course.\u00a0 A house named Woodhouse<\/em> is recorded in the area in 1709.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODHOUSE PARK<\/strong>\u00a0is a residential area on the southern edge of Wythenshawe<\/strong>\u00a0in south Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was formerly a \u2018gentleman\u2019s residence\u2019 with its own grounds but it was purchased by Manchester Corporation in 1949 and developed for housing and recreational areas.\u00a0 Woodhouse<\/em> is recorded in 1675 and literally means \u2018the house in or by the woods\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODHOUSES, Oldham, <\/strong>is an area south-east of Failsworth<\/strong>, about 8 kilometres north-east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 It is recorded before 1390 as Woodheyes<\/em>, meaning \u2018an enclosure surrounded by woods\u2019, from Old English wudu <\/em>(\u2018wood, forest\u2019) + haga<\/em> (\u2019enclosure, property\u2019).\u00a0 The original meaning probably became forgotten and the name was rationalised to \u2018Woodhouses\u2019.\u00a0 The village of Bottom of Woodhouses is located south-west of Woodhouses.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODHOUSES, Trafford, <\/strong>is a residential area north-west of Timperley <\/strong>and north of Sinderland <\/strong>Brook.\u00a0 The name probably comes from Woodhouses Lane<\/em>, a road which (with various name changes) connects to Dunham Woodhouses<\/strong>.\u00a0 The original name meant \u2018houses in a wood\u2019, from Old English wudu<\/em> + h<\/em>\u016bs<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODLANDS <\/strong>is a residential area north-west of Mottram in Longdendale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area takes its name from Woodlands<\/em>, a country house built in the late 1850s or 1860s by Robert Platt (1802-1882), a local mill owner and philanthropist.\u00a0 The name seems to be a modern descriptive coinage.\u00a0 Platt and his wife later rented Dunham Massey<\/strong> before purchasing Dean Water, a house built in 1837 beside the River Dean<\/strong> in Woodford<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODLEY<\/strong> is a suburb of Stockport<\/strong>, north-east of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1326 as Wodley <\/em>or Wodlegh<\/em> and with its modern spelling from 1615.\u00a0 It means \u2018clearing in the wood\u2019 from Old English wudu<\/em> + l\u0113ah<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOOD PARK <\/strong>or WOODPARK <\/strong>is a rural and recreational area west of Bardsley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is descriptive and is recorded from 1860, referring to Woodpark Colliery, Wood Park Farm and Wood Park Clough.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODS END<\/strong> or WOODSEND <\/strong>is an area north-west of Flixton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1818 as Woodsend Farm<\/em> and it has been suggested that it was located at the end<\/em> of a road from an area known as Wood<\/em>, but this cannot be confirmed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODSMOOR<\/strong> or WOODS MOOR<\/strong> is a suburb of Stockport<\/strong>, which was part of Cheshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 In the early 14th<\/sup> century the area was known as Snibbs Moor, from Snibb<\/em>, another word for bog.\u00a0 However, it is also known that it was wooded in mediaeval times, so that Woods Moor, first recorded in 1764, probably means \u2018the woods by the moor\u2019.\u00a0 Until the late 19th<\/sup> century, the area was known as Charlestown<\/strong>, probably after a Bramhall<\/strong> farmer named Charles<\/em> Croft who died in 1792.\u00a0 A map of 1830 shows both Charlesworth and Woods Moor but the name survives today only as Charlestown Road, which leads to what is now Woodsmoor.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOOLDEN <\/strong>is a rural area north-west of Cadishead<\/strong> alongside the Glaze Brook<\/strong> valley in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 In the past, Great Woolden and Little Woolden were mosses that formed part of Chat Moss<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1299 as Vuleden<\/em>, probably from the Old English wulf<\/em> + denu<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019), so that the meaning might be \u2018valley of the wolves\u2019.\u00a0 Great Woolden is an Iron Age roundhouse site and Little Woolden Moss forms part of Cadishead and Little Woolden Moss Nature Reserve.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOOLFOLD<\/strong> is a residential area south-east of Tottington<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before about 1840, when dye works had already been established there.\u00a0 The area is particularly noted for Woolfold Viaduct, which was originally built in 1882 to carry the Bury & Tottington District Railway over Kirklees Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was demolished in 1974 but replaced with a new viaduct for walkers and cyclists in 2012.\u00a0 Early forms of the name are not recorded but, given the history of wool textiles in the Bury area, it seems likely that it is derived from Old English wull <\/em>(\u2018wool\u2019) + fald<\/em> (\u2018a small enclosure for animals, a small herding settlement\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOOLLEY BRIDGE <\/strong>is a small residential area on the edge of Hollingworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1286 as Woleg <\/em>and as Woolley<\/em> from 1400.\u00a0 The first record with Bridge<\/em> is 1842.\u00a0 It means \u2018clearing of wolves\u2019, from Old English wulf<\/em> + l\u0113ah.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WORSLEY <\/strong>is a village in the City of Salford<\/strong> about 10 kilometres west of the centre of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The Bridgewater Canal<\/strong> originally terminated at Worsley when it was opened in 1761 but it was later extended westward to Runcorn in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1196 as Werkesleia<\/em>, meaning \u2018the woodland or clearing (Old English -l\u0113ah<\/em>) belonging to a woman called Weorcg\u04efth <\/em>or a man called Weorch\u00e6th<\/em>\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WORSLEY HALL <\/strong>is a residential area west of Wigan<\/strong> built after World War II on the site of a country house or hall <\/em>that probably dated from the 18th century.\u00a0 Details of the house, its name and its owners are sparse \u2013 it was probably built by a family called Worsley<\/em>, but with no connection with Worsley <\/strong>or Worsley Hall in Salford<\/strong>, and demolished in the late 19th<\/sup> or early 20th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WORSLEY MESNES <\/strong>is a suburb of Wigan<\/strong>, south of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but it can be traced back at least as far as the 17th<\/sup> century, when a country house with this name is recorded.\u00a0 It consists of three elements.\u00a0 The third is from the Anglo-Norman demesnes<\/em>, meaning \u2018the domain or manor of\u2019 a particular landowner.\u00a0 The first and second are presumably far older, coming from the Old English Anglo-Saxon personal name Weorcg\u04efth<\/em> + -l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018clearing\u2019).\u00a0 The area includes Mesnes Park, a large public park opened in 1927.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WORTHINGTON<\/strong> is a thinly-populated area about 6.5 kilometres north of Wigan<\/strong> which also gives its name to the three Worthington Lakes reservoirs and Worthington Lakes Country Park.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1210 as Worthinton<\/em>, an eponym meaning \u2018Worth<\/em>\u2019s village\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + ing<\/em> (\u2018named after, belonging to\u2019) + t\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018enclosure, village\u2019).\u00a0 The three reservoirs are fed by the River Douglas<\/strong> and were built in the mid-19th<\/sup> century to supply Wigan and now form part of the 20-hectare country park.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WORTHINGTON PARK<\/strong> is a 6.5-hectare public park in Sale <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 At the end of the 19th<\/sup> century the local authority wanted to develop a public park in Sale to celebrate Queen Victoria<\/strong>\u2019s diamond jubilee but the funding was not approved.\u00a0 However, Mary Worthington<\/em> of Sale Old Hall provided the funding and on 30 June 1900 she opened the park, which was named Sale Park.\u00a0 In 1950, 50 years after the park was opened, it was renamed in her memory Mary Worthington.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WRIGLEY BROOK <\/strong>is a short, culverted tributary of the River Roch<\/strong> that rises south of Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and flows northwards to its confluence with the Roch at Bottom o\u2019 th\u2019 Brow<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1777, when it powered Wrigley Brook Mill, the first cotton mill in Heywood.\u00a0 The name comes from the Wrigley<\/em> family, who were prominent in the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong> and Hopwood in south-east Lancashire <\/strong>from the 15th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WUERDLE <\/strong>is a residential area west of Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1180 as Werdull<\/em>, possibly meaning \u2018the clearing where troops are stationed\u2019, from Old English weorod<\/em> (\u2018army\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (wood, clearing\u2019).\u00a0 Nearby Wardle<\/strong> means \u2018look-out hill\u2019 and it has been suggested that the troops keeping watch on Wardle Hill were stationed in Wuerdle.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WYTHENSHAWE<\/strong> is today a district in south Manchester <\/strong>which was formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 <\/strong>\u00a0The name is recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century as Witenscawe <\/em>and with its modern spelling in 1548.\u00a0 It means \u2018willow copse\u2019, from the Old English w\u012bthign <\/em>(\u2018withy tree, willow\u2019) + sceaga <\/em>(\u2018copse, small wood\u2019).\u00a0 The name originally applied only to a country house dating from about 1540 called Wythenshawe Hall, but in 1925 this was purchased, along with 100 hectares of farmland, by Ernest Simon (son of Henry Simon<\/strong>) and Shena Simon<\/strong>, and donated to the City of Manchester.\u00a0 The City then purchased an additional 1000 hectares in 1926 to build a garden city.\u00a0 In 1931, the whole area was transferred to the City of Manchester and collectively became known as \u2018Wythenshawe\u2019.\u00a0 In the 1930s it was the location for large-scale development, forming a council housing estate over 2000 hectares in area \u2013 the largest in Europe at the time.\u00a0 Over time, the Wythenshawe estate absorbed several of the farms and hamlets in the area \u2013 Baguley,<\/strong> Brooklands<\/strong>, Northenden<\/strong>, Sharston<\/strong> and Woodhouse Park<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Y<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
YELLOW BROOK<\/strong> is a stream which rises in Haigh <\/strong>Woodland Park and flows west to join the River Douglas<\/strong> in Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from its yellow<\/em> colour, which comes from the iron in the water as it drains from mine workings.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
YEOMAN HEY RESERVOIR <\/strong>is one of four reservoirs in the Peak District<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> fed by Greenfield<\/strong> Brook and supplying water to the towns of what is now Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The four are Yeoman Hey, completed in 1880, Greenfield <\/strong>(1902), Chew<\/strong> (1912) and Dove Stone<\/strong> (1968).\u00a0 Yeoman Hey is said to take its name from Yeoman Hey Cottage<\/em>, a late 18th<\/sup> century stone cottage that is now a listed building, but the origin of the name is uncertain.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
YEW TREE <\/strong>is a residential area of Dukinfield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1830, when it was described as \u2018an old farm named after a huge old yew that grew beside it\u2019.\u00a0\u00a0 The name \u2018yew\u2019 is derived from the Old English \u012bw<\/em> or \u0113ow<\/em>.\u00a0 Yews are the oldest trees in England but relatively few places are named after them (but see Yorkshire<\/strong>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
YORKSHIRE <\/strong>is the traditional name for the county in north-east England that was previously divided into three Ridings (i.e. thirdings) \u2013 North, East and West.\u00a0 In 1974, it was divided into four counties \u2013 North Yorkshire, East Yorkshire, South Yorkshire and West Yorkshire<\/strong> \u2013 although some parts of Saddleworth<\/strong> in West Yorkshire are now administered as part of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 Yorkshire is derived from the city of York<\/em> + Old English sc<\/em>\u012br<\/em> (\u2018district\u2019).\u00a0 York itself dates from about AD 150 and probably means \u2018place of the yew trees\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS & SOURCES<\/strong><\/p>\n

This book has largely been compiled through extensive desk research \u2013 gathering the work of earlier scholars rather than carrying out any original field or documentary research.\u00a0 The works of the standard authors on the place names of Britain and north-west England over the past 150 years have all been consulted.\u00a0 These are listed below and I readily acknowledge my great debt to them.\u00a0 However, many smaller and more recently-named places are not included in these books and so I have spent countless hours searching countless websites to explore such place names.\u00a0 Especially useful were those of the many local historians, archaeologists and conservationists who have researched the place names of Greater Manchester in great detail and depth.\u00a0 This is not intended to be a scholarly reference work and these websites are too numerous to list here, but particular mention should be made of the following:\u00a0 Aidan O’Rourke, Allan Russell, Andrew Simpson, the Bolton News<\/em>, British History Online; the English Dialect Dictionary<\/em>, the English Place Name Society, the Gazetteer of British Place Names, the Greater Manchester Archaeological Advisory Service, Grace\u2019s Guide<\/em>, the Lancashire Online Parish project, the Manchester Evening News<\/em>, National Heritage List for England<\/a>, the Oxford English Dictionary<\/em>, Saddleworth Historical Society Bulletin, Surname DB, Wikipedia<\/em>.<\/p>\n

It might be expected that AI would have been a major tool in the compiling of this dictionary, but in fact AI proved to be of very limited use.\u00a0 Various AI tools were used to collect and check basic factual information, but they proved of limited use in the research and drafting of entries.\u00a0 It was found that AI not only offered little evidence as to the origin of place names, but theories and suggestions were often geographically, historically or linguistically incorrect.\u00a0 In extreme cases, AI tools offered absurd \u2018facts\u2019- that Peel Causeway, for example, stretched from north Cheshire across the Irish Sea to Peel on the Isle of Man!\u00a0 In other cases, alternative or even contradictory suggestions were made by the same AI tool at different times.\u00a0 AI, it seems, has some way to go before it can be a reliable aid in place-name research.<\/p>\n

I should particularly like to thank Dr Ann Cole, Dr Wendy Scarlin and Judith Fell for scrutinizing and correcting the original text, and for their invaluable advice and contributions.\u00a0 All errors and omissions are my own responsibility.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

BIBLIOGRAPHY<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Ashworth, Geoffrey<\/td>\n2023<\/td>\nThe Lost Rivers of Manchester<\/em><\/td>\nAltrincham:\u00a0 Willow Publishing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Baines, Edward<\/td>\n1888<\/td>\nThe History of the County Palatine and <\/em><\/p>\n

Duchy of Lancaster<\/em><\/td>\n

Manchester:\u00a0 John Heywood<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Billington, W D<\/td>\n1982<\/td>\nFrom Affetside to Yarrow:\u00a0 Bolton Place Names and their History<\/em><\/td>\nBolton:\u00a0 Ron Anderson Publications<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bradshaw, L D<\/td>\n1985<\/td>\nOrigins of Street Names in the City Centre of Manchester<\/em><\/td>\nManchester:\u00a0 Neil Richardson<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buckley, Mike<\/td>\n2017<\/td>\n\u2018The origins and evolution of a Pennine township:\u00a0 medieval and early modern settlement in Saddleworth\u2019, chapter 11 of Smith, Nigel (ed), History of the South Pennines:\u00a0 the legacy of Alan Petford<\/em>,<\/td>\nHebden Bridge:\u00a0 Local History Society<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cameron, Kenneth<\/td>\n1959<\/td>\nThe Place Names of Derbyshire, Part I<\/em><\/td>\nCambridge:\u00a0 University Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cole, E Ann<\/td>\n2015<\/td>\nPlants, Place Names and Habitats<\/td>\nAshmolean Natural History Society Journal<\/em>, vol 6, pp. 94-102<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Clark, David<\/td>\n1973<\/td>\nGreater Manchester Votes:\u00a0 A Guide to the New Metropolitan Authorities<\/em><\/td>\nStockport:\u00a0 Redrose<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Crosby, Alan G<\/td>\n2010<\/td>\nUnofficial place-names in nineteenth- and twentieth-century South Lancashire<\/td>\nNomina<\/em> 33, pp. 45\u201364<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2019<\/td>\nPlace-names and the medieval landscape in the Manchester area<\/td>\nManchester Memoirs, <\/em>157, pp.55-64<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Defoe, Daniel<\/td>\n1724-26\/ 1991<\/td>\nA Tour Through the Whole Island of Great Britain<\/em><\/td>\nNew Haven:\u00a0 Yale University Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Dodgson, J McN<\/td>\n<\/td>\nThe Place Names of Cheshire<\/em><\/td>\nCambridge:\u00a0 University Press\/English Place-Name Society<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1970a<\/td>\nPart I\u00a0 Macclesfield Hundred<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1970b<\/td>\nPart II Bucklow and Northwich Hundreds<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1981<\/td>\nPart V 1:i\u00a0 City of Chester; the Elements of Cheshire Place-Names A-Gylden<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1981<\/td>\nPart V 1:ii\u00a0 The Elements of Cheshire Place-Names Haca-Yolden<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1997<\/td>\nPart V 2\u00a0 Introduction, Linguistic Notes and Indexes<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ekwall, Eilert<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n

1922\/2019<\/td>\nThe Place-Names of Lancashire<\/em><\/td>\nManchester:\u00a0 University Press (Alpha Editions)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n1960<\/td>\nThe Concise Oxford Dictionary of Place Names<\/em>, 4th<\/sup> edition<\/td>\nOxford:\u00a0 Clarendon Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Engels, Friedrich<\/td>\n1845\/1987<\/td>\nThe Condition of the Working Class in England<\/em><\/td>\nLondon:\u00a0 Penguin Books<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fiennes, Celia<\/td>\nc.1682-c.1712\/1984<\/td>\nThe Illustrated Journeys of Celia Fiennes<\/em><\/td>\nLondon:\u00a0 Macdonald & Co.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Francis, James F<\/td>\n2004<\/td>\nHarwood Hill Farms and Riding Gate<\/em><\/td>\nTurton Local History Society<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Frangopulo, N J<\/td>\n1977<\/td>\nTradition in Action \u2013 The Historical Evolution of the Greater Manchester County<\/em><\/td>\nWakefield:\u00a0 EP Publishing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Garmonsway, G N (translator)<\/td>\n1953<\/td>\nThe Anglo-Saxon Chronicle<\/em><\/td>\nLetchworth:\u00a0 Aldine Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Gelling, Margaret<\/td>\n1994<\/td>\nPlace-names in the Landscape<\/em><\/td>\nLondon:\u00a0 J M Dent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1997<\/td>\nSignposts to the Past<\/em><\/td>\nChichester:\u00a0 Phillimore<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Gelling, M & Ann Cole<\/td>\n2000<\/td>\nThe Landscape of Place Names<\/em><\/td>\nStamford:\u00a0 Shaun Tyas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Goodall, Armitage<\/td>\n1913<\/td>\nPlace-Names of South-West Yorkshire<\/em><\/td>\nCambridge:\u00a0 University Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Harland, John (ed)<\/td>\n1862<\/td>\nMamecestre:\u00a0 being chapters from the early recorded history of the Barony of Manchester<\/em><\/td>\nChetham Society, vol III<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Insley, John<\/td>\n1986<\/td>\nToponymy and Settlements in the North West<\/td>\nNomina<\/em> 10, pp. 169-76<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n2022<\/td>\nEilert Ekwall and Lancashire Place Names<\/td>\nLancashire Place Name Survey Newsletter<\/em>, September 2022, pp3-10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Johnston, James<\/td>\n1915<\/td>\nThe Place-Names of England and Wales<\/em><\/td>\nLondon:\u00a0 John Murray<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kenyon, Denise<\/td>\n1991<\/td>\nThe Origins of Lancashire<\/em><\/td>\nManchester:\u00a0 University Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Leech, Geoffrey<\/td>\n2006<\/td>\nThe unique heritage of place-names in North-West England<\/em><\/td>\nhttps:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk<\/a> > leechg > leech_2006<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lewis, William<\/td>\n2011<\/td>\nWhat\u2019s in an English Place-Name?<\/em><\/td>\nAbingdon:\u00a0 Brazen Head Publishing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
March, Henry Colley<\/td>\n1880<\/td>\nEast Lancashire Nomenclature and Rochdale Names<\/em><\/td>\nLondon:\u00a0 Simpkin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mikes, George<\/td>\n1946<\/td>\nHow to be an Alien<\/em><\/td>\nLondon:\u00a0 Penguin Books<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Miller, David<\/td>\n2018\/2022<\/td>\nAltrincham Area History<\/em><\/td>\nhttps:\/\/www.altrinchamheritage.com<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mills, David<\/td>\n1976<\/td>\nThe Place Names of Lancashire<\/em><\/td>\nLondon:\u00a0 B T Batsford<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mills, A D<\/td>\n1991<\/td>\nA Dictionary of English Place Names<\/em><\/td>\nOxford:\u00a0 University Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Moorman, F W<\/td>\n1910<\/td>\nPlace-Names of the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/em><\/td>\nLeeds:\u00a0 Thoresby Society<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mullineux, C Elsie & Frank Mullineux<\/td>\n1990<\/td>\nOrigins of Street Names \u2013 Worsley and Little Hulton<\/em><\/td>\nLittle Hulton:\u00a0 Streetgate Printing and Stationery<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Parkinson-Bailey, John<\/td>\n2000<\/td>\nManchester \u2013 An Architectural History<\/em><\/td>\nManchester:\u00a0 University Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Potter, Simeon<\/td>\n1955<\/td>\nCheshire Place Names<\/em><\/td>\nLiverpool:\u00a0 Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Potter, Simeon<\/td>\n1959<\/td>\nSouth-West Lancashire Place-Names<\/em><\/td>\nLiverpool:\u00a0 Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire, vol III, pages 1-23<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Poulton-Smith, Anthony<\/td>\n2012<\/td>\nCheshire Place Names<\/em><\/td>\nRoss-on-Wye:\u00a0 Fineleaf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Reaney, P H<\/td>\n1964<\/td>\nThe Origin of English Place Names<\/em><\/td>\nLondon:\u00a0 Routledge & Kegan Paul<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Room, Adrian<\/td>\n1988\/1993<\/td>\nDictionary of Place-Names of the British Isles<\/em><\/td>\nLeicester:\u00a0 Bookmart<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n1985<\/td>\nA Concise Dictionary of Modern Place Names in Great Britain and Ireland<\/em><\/td>\nOxford:\u00a0 Oxford University Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n1989<\/td>\nDictionary of World Place Names Derived from British Names<\/em><\/td>\nLondon:\u00a0 Routledge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Royle, William<\/td>\n1914<\/td>\nHistory of Rusholme<\/em><\/td>\nManchester:\u00a0 William Morris Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sephton, J<\/td>\n1913<\/td>\nA Handbook of Lancashire Place-Names<\/em><\/td>\nLiverpool:\u00a0 H Young & Sons<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Slater, Terry R<\/td>\n2004<\/td>\nPlanning English medieval \u2018street towns\u2019: the Hertfordshire evidence <\/em><\/td>\nhttps:\/\/www.researchgate.net \u203a publication \u203a 27174965…<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Stewart, George R<\/td>\n1970<\/td>\nA Concise Dictionary of American Place-Names<\/em><\/td>\nNew York:\u00a0 Oxford University Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sussex, Gay, Peter Helm & Andrew Brown<\/td>\n1987<\/td>\nLooking Back at Levenshulme and Burnage<\/em><\/td>\nAltrincham:\u00a0 Willow Publishing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Smith, A H<\/td>\n1956a<\/td>\nEnglish Place-Name Elements, Part I<\/em><\/td>\nCambridge:\u00a0 University Press\/English Place-Name Society<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1956b<\/td>\nEnglish Place-Name Elements, Part II<\/em><\/td>\nCambridge:\u00a0 University Press\/English Place-Name Society<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1986<\/td>\nThe Place-Names of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Part II\u00a0 Osgoldcross and Agbrigg Wapentakes<\/em><\/td>\nCambridge:\u00a0 University Press\/English Place-Name Society<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Swain, N V<\/td>\n1987<\/td>\nA History of Sale<\/em><\/td>\nWilmslow:\u00a0 Sigma Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Watts, Victor<\/td>\n2004<\/td>\nThe Cambridge Dictionary of English Place-Names<\/em><\/td>\nCambridge:\u00a0 Cambridge University Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Waugh, Edwin<\/td>\n1855 & 1857<\/td>\nLancashire Sketches<\/em><\/td>\nManchester:\u00a0 John Heywood<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Wyld, Henry & T Oakes Hirst<\/td>\n1911<\/td>\nThe Place Names of Lancashire:\u00a0 their Origin and History<\/em><\/td>\nLondon:\u00a0 Constable & Co.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

APPENDIX 1:\u00a0 DOMESDAY BOOK ENTRIES FOR GREATER MANCHESTER<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Following the conquest of 1066, William I ordered a survey of the whole of England to record all settlements and properties to determine what taxes would be due.\u00a0 This was completed as the Domesday Book in 1086-1087 and recorded 13,418 places in total.\u00a0 Approximately 600 were in what are now Cheshire<\/strong> and Lancashire<\/strong>, but only 23 were in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is sometimes said that William\u2019s surveyors were less than diligent when it came to the north of England, but it is more likely that the genocidal \u2018harrying of the north\u2019 of 1069-1070, in which William\u2019s armies killed up to 150,000 people, left much of the north west \u2018waste\u2019 \u2013 uninhabited and of little value \u2013 as can be seen from many of the entries below.<\/em><\/p>\n

The overall picture is of sparsely-populated woodland and ploughed arable land, with details of the dimensions and taxable value.\u00a0 The reduced values are another indication of the effects of the harrying.\u00a0 There are several mentions of hawks\u2019 nests – a sign of the earls\u2019 love of hunting.\u00a0 <\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

BAGULEY (Bagelei) <\/strong>Ranulph and Hamo hold Sinderland Green and Baguley.\u00a0 Aleard and Sucga and Wudumannm and Pat held it as 4 manors and were free men.\u00a0 There is 1 hide paying geld.\u00a0 There is land for 1\u00bd ploughs.\u00a0 The whole is waste.\u00a0 [Before 1066] it was worth 3s.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOLTON (Bodeltun) <\/strong>6 carucates<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOWDON (Bogedone)\u00a0 <\/strong>The same Hamo holds Bowdon.\u00a0 Alweard held it and was a free man.\u00a0 There is land for 2 ploughs.\u00a0 There 2 Frenchman have 1 plough.\u00a0 There is priest and a church to which half of his hide belongs.\u00a0 There is a mill rendering 16s.\u00a0 it is worth 3s.\u00a0 It was waste and he found it so.\u00a0 <\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRAMHALL (Bramale)\u00a0 <\/strong>The same Hamo holds Bramhall.\u00a0 Brun and Hakun held it as 2 manors and were free men.\u00a0 There is 1 hide paying geld.\u00a0 There is land for 6 ploughs.\u00a0 There 1 radman and 2 villans and 2 bordars have 1 plough.\u00a0 There is woodland half a league long and as much wide, and half an enclosure, and 1 acre of meadow.\u00a0 It was worth 32s; now 5s.\u00a0 He found it waste.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BREDBURY (Bretberie) <\/strong>\u00a0The same Richard de Vernon holds Bredbury, and Wulfric holds of him, who is also a free man.\u00a0 There is one hide paying geld.\u00a0 There is land for 3 ploughs.\u00a0 There 1 radman and 6 villans and 2 bordars have 1 plough.\u00a0 There is woodland 1 league long and half a league wide and 3 enclosures and 1 hawk eyrie.\u00a0 [Before 1066] it was worth 10s; now the same.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEADLE (Cedde) <\/strong>Gamal holds Cheadle of the earl.\u00a0 His father held it as a free man.\u00a0 There are 2 hides paying geld.\u00a0 There is land for 6 ploughs.\u00a0 In desmesne is 1 plough and 2 oxmen; and 4 villans and 3 bordars with 2 ploughs.\u00a0 There is woodland 1 league long and half wide, and an enclosure and a hawk\u2019s eyrie, and 1 acre of meadow.\u00a0 It was and is worth 10s.\u00a0 The whole manor is 2 leagues long and 1 wide.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CRIMBLES (Crimeles) <\/strong>In Preston \u2026. Crimbles 1 carucate<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DUNHAM (MASSEY)<\/strong>\u00a0 (Doneham)<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0The same Hamo holds Dunham.\u00a0 Alweard held it and was a free man.\u00a0 There is 1 hide paying geld.\u00a0 There is land for 3 ploughs.\u00a0 In demesne is 1 plough and 2 oxmen, and 2 villans and 1 bordar, and 1 acre of woodland, and in the city 1 house.\u00a0 It was worth 12s; 10s.\u00a0 It was waste.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREENHALGH (> GREENMOUNT) (Greneholf) \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>In Preston \u2026 Greenhalgh 3<\/em> c<\/strong>arucates<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HALE (Hale)<\/strong>\u00a0 The same Hamo holds Hale.\u00a0 Alweard held it.\u00a0 There is 1 hide paying geld.\u00a0 There is land for 2\u00bd ploughs.\u00a0 There 3 villans with 1 radman have 2 ploughs.\u00a0 There is woodland 1 league long and a half wide, and an enclosure, and a hawk\u2019s eyrie, and half an acre of meadow.\u00a0 [Before 1066] it was worth 15s; now 12s.\u00a0 He found it waste.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLLINGWORTH (Holisurde)\u00a0 <\/strong>The earl himself holds \u2026 Hollingworth at 1 virgate.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LONGDENDALE (Langedenedale)\u00a0 <\/strong>In Longdendale \u2026 had 4 bovates of land to the geld. \u2026 The whole of Longdendale is waste. There is woodland, not for pasture but suitable for hunting.\u00a0 The whole is 8 leagues long and 4 leagues broad.\u00a0 [Before 1066] it was worth 40s.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LUDWORTH (Lodeuorde)\u00a0 <\/strong>In Ludworth Brun had 4 bovates of land.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER\u00a0 <\/strong>The Church of St Mary and the Church of St Michael held in Manchester 1 carucate of land quit of every customary due except geld.\u00a0 <\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEWTON (Neweton)\u00a0 <\/strong>In Newton Leofric and Leofnoth had 3 carucates of land to the geld.\u00a0 There is land for 5 ploughs.\u00a0 There is now 1 plough in demesne, and 13 villans and 4 bordars having 5 ploughs.\u00a0 There is a priest having 1 bordar, and 7 acres of meadow.\u00a0 There is woodland pasture 1 league long and a half broad.\u00a0 [Before 1066] worth \u00a34; now 30s.\u00a0 Ralph holds it.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORBURY (Nordberie)\u00a0 <\/strong>The same Bigod holds Norbury.\u00a0 Brun held it and was a free man.\u00a0 There is 1 hide paying geld.\u00a0 There is land for 4 ploughs.\u00a0 There is one radman with 3 bordars has 1 plough.\u00a0 There is 1 acre of meadow, woodland 5 leagues long and 3 leagues wide, and 5 enclosures there.\u00a0 It was worth 10s; now 3s.\u00a0 He found it waste.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORTHENDEN (Norwordine)\u00a0 <\/strong>\u00a0Ranulph and Bigod hold of the earl Northenden.\u00a0 Wulfgeat held it as 1 manor and was a free man.\u00a0 There is 1 hide paying geld.\u00a0 There is land for 2 ploughs.\u00a0 It is waste.\u00a0 There is a church and 2 furlongs of woodland.\u00a0 It is worth 3s.\u00a0 [Before 1066] it was worth 10s.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RADCLIFFE (Radeclive)\u00a0 <\/strong>King Edward held Radcliffe as a manor.\u00a0 There is 1 hide and another hide belonging to Salford.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROCHDALE (Recedham)\u00a0 <\/strong>Gamal, holdiomg 2 hides in Rochdale, was quit of his customs except these 6:\u00a0 housebreaking, highway robbery, breach of the king\u2019s peace, breach of a due date set by the reeve, continuance of fighting after the oath was made.\u00a0 For these he paid a fine of 40s.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROMILEY (Rumelie) <\/strong>\u00a0The earl himself holds \u2026Romiley at 1 virgate \u2026. The whole was and is waste. <\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SALFORD <\/strong>\u00a0King Edward held Salford.\u00a0 There are 3 hides and 12 carucates of waste land and forest 3 leagues long and as much broad and there are several enclosures and a hawk\u2019s eyrie\u2026. The whole manor of Salford with the hundred rendered \u00a337.4s.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SINDERLAND (Sundreland)\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>See Baguley<\/strong><\/em> above.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WARBURTON (Wareburgetune) <\/strong>\u00a0Rawn held it and was a free man.\u00a0 There is half a hide paying geld.\u00a0 There is land for 1 plough.\u00a0 There is 1 radman and 2 villans and 1 bordar with half a plough.\u00a0 It was worth 5s [before 1066]; now 2s.\u00a0 It was waste.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

APPENDIX 2:\u00a0 LOWRY LOCATIONS IN GREATER MANCHESTER <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Of all the cities in Britain, 20th<\/sup>-century Manchester is probably the best documented, largely through the work of Laurence Stephen Lowry (1887-1976).\u00a0 Lowry was born in Stretford and spent his youth in Rusholme, but the family moved to Pendlebury in 1909.\u00a0 He studied at the Manchester School of Art, where he was taught by the French Impressionist, Adolphe Valette (see<\/em> Appendix 3), and later at the Royal Technical Institute in Salford.\u00a0 Although he was recognised as an accomplished artist during his lifetime, he continued to work for a property company until his retirement in 1952.\u00a0 He moved to Mottram in Longdendale in 1948 and died in hospital in Glossop at the age of 88.<\/p>\n

Many of Lowry\u2019s works are \u2018composites\u2019, combining elements from different places with imaginary scenes.\u00a0 However, many do depict actual identifiable places in what is now Greater Manchester.\u00a0 These locations are listed below.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
LOCATION<\/strong><\/td>\nTITLE<\/strong><\/td>\nDATE<\/strong><\/td>\nNOTES<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
ADELPHI<\/td>\nThe River Irwell at the Adelphi<\/em><\/td>\n1924<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AGECROFT<\/td>\nAgecroft Regatta<\/em><\/td>\n1949<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ANCOATS<\/td>\nGreat Ancoats Street<\/em><\/td>\nc.1929<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Great Ancoats Street, Manchester<\/em><\/td>\n1930<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ancoats Hospital Outpatients\u2019 Hall<\/em><\/td>\n1952<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ancoats Hospital Outpatients\u2019 Hall<\/em><\/td>\nu\/d<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASHTON-UNDER-LYNE<\/td>\nIndustrial Landscape<\/em><\/td>\n1952<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROUGHTON<\/td>\nA View from the Window of Royal Technical College, Salford, Looking towards Broughton<\/em><\/td>\n1925<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Houses in Broughton<\/em><\/td>\n1937<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BURNDEN<\/td>\nGoing to the Match<\/em><\/td>\n1953<\/td>\nBolton Wanderers\u2019 football ground<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEADLE HULME<\/td>\nThe Drive, \u2018Oaklands\u2019<\/em><\/td>\n1947<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Portrait of a House<\/em><\/td>\nc.1947<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Portrait of a House<\/em><\/td>\n1954<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHORLTON-ON-MEDLOCK<\/td>\nDavid Lloyd George\u2019s Birthplace<\/em><\/td>\n1958<\/td>\nHouse demolished 1957<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLIFTON<\/td>\nWet Earth Colliery, Clifton<\/em><\/td>\n1925<\/td>\nNow Clifton Country Park<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Clifton Junction, Morning<\/em><\/td>\n1910<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Clifton Junction, Evening<\/em><\/td>\n1910<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A Footbridge<\/em><\/td>\n1944<\/td>\nPack Saddle or Roving Bridge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COLLYHURST<\/td>\nA Footbridge<\/em><\/td>\n1938<\/td>\nAlso known as \u2018Barney\u2019s Steps\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CORONATION STREET, Salford<\/td>\nCoronation Street<\/em><\/td>\n1957<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CRIME LAKE<\/td>\nCrime Lake<\/em><\/td>\n1942<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROWTHER STREET, Stockport<\/td>\nCrowther Street, Stockport<\/em><\/td>\n1930<\/td>\nOriginal houses demolished in the 1960s but restored early in the 2000s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Crowther Street, Stockport<\/em><\/td>\n1934<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DAISY NOOK, Droylsden<\/td>\nLancashire Fair, Good Friday, Daisy Nook<\/em><\/td>\n1946<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Fairground<\/em><\/td>\n1949<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fairground at Daisy Nook<\/em><\/td>\n1956<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DIXON FOLD<\/td>\nWet Earth Colliery, Clifton<\/em><\/td>\n1925<\/td>\nNow Clifton Country Park<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ECCLES<\/td>\nEccles Railway Station<\/em><\/td>\n1963<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EXCHANGE STATION<\/td>\nStation Approach<\/em><\/td>\n1960<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Station Approach<\/em><\/td>\n1962<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FAILSWORTH<\/td>\nOld Road, Failsworth<\/em><\/td>\n1957<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Children Playing, Old Road, Failsworth<\/em><\/td>\n1957<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FAIRFIELD<\/td>\nThe Canal Bridge<\/em><\/td>\n1944<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GATLEY<\/td>\nThe Empty House<\/em><\/td>\n1934<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Old House<\/em><\/td>\n1936<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Old House, Gatley<\/em><\/td>\n1937<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GAYTHORN<\/td>\nOldfield Road Dwelling<\/em><\/td>\n1927<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Oldfield Road Dwellings<\/em><\/td>\n1929<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River IRWELL<\/td>\nThe River Irwell at the Adelphi<\/em><\/td>\n1924<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A View of the River Irwell from Peel Park<\/em><\/td>\n1924<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River Irwell at Salford<\/em><\/td>\nc.1924<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River Scene\/Industrial Landscape<\/em><\/td>\n1935<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Lake<\/em><\/td>\n1937<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River Scene<\/em><\/td>\n1942<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River Irwell at Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1947<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A River Bank<\/em><\/td>\n1947<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Agecroft Regatta<\/em><\/td>\n1948<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER<\/td>\nSt John\u2019s Church, Deansgate<\/em><\/td>\n1920<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sketch of St John\u2019s, Manchester<\/em><\/td>\nc.1920<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
St John\u2019s Church, Manchester<\/em><\/td>\n1928<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Viaduct, Store Street, Manchester<\/em><\/td>\n1929<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
St John\u2019s Church<\/em><\/td>\n1938<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A Footbridge<\/em><\/td>\n1938<\/td>\nCollyhurst footbridge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
After the Blitz<\/em><\/td>\n1942<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Manchester Blitz\/St Augustine\u2019s Church, Hulme<\/em><\/td>\n1943<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Going to Work<\/em><\/td>\n1943<\/td>\nMather & Platt Works<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Going to Work<\/em><\/td>\n1944<\/td>\nMather & Platt Works<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
St Augustine\u2019s Church, Manchester<\/em><\/td>\n1945<\/td>\nDestroyed in Manchester blitz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Industrial Landscape<\/em><\/td>\n1955<\/td>\nMather & Platt Works<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Reference Library<\/em><\/td>\n1972<\/td>\nNow Manchester Central Library<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MIDDLETON<\/td>\nOld Church and Steps<\/em><\/td>\n1960<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOTTRAM-IN-LONGDENDALE<\/td>\nAgricultural Fair<\/em><\/td>\n1949<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Hat Rack <\/em><\/td>\n1966<\/td>\nLowry\u2019s home:<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEEL PARK, Salford<\/td>\nPeel Park Sketch<\/em><\/td>\n1919<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Peel Park Sketch<\/em><\/td>\n1920<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bandstand, Peel Park<\/em><\/td>\n1924<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A View of the River Irwell from Peel Park<\/em><\/td>\n1924<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A View from the Window of Royal Technical College, Salford, Looking towards Manchester<\/em><\/td>\n1924<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bandstand, Peel Park<\/em><\/td>\n1925<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A View from the Window of Royal Technical College, Salford, Looking towards Broughton<\/em><\/td>\n1925<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Terrace, Peel Park, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1927<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Peel Park, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1927<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Peel Park, Sketch<\/em><\/td>\nc.1927<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bandstand, Peel Park<\/em><\/td>\n1928<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Steps, Peel Park, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1930<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Bandstand, Peel Park<\/em><\/td>\n1931<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Peel Park, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1944<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Park<\/em><\/td>\n1946<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Bandstand, Peel Park<\/em><\/td>\nc.1954<\/td>\nDate tbc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PENDLEBURY<\/td>\nSt Augustine\u2019s Church, Pendlebury<\/em><\/td>\n1920<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
St Augustine\u2019s Church, Pendlebury<\/em><\/td>\n1924<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Old Farm in Pendlebury<\/em><\/td>\n1925<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
St Augustine\u2019s Church, Pendlebury<\/em><\/td>\n1930<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pendlebury Scene<\/em><\/td>\n1931<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Street Scene<\/em><\/td>\n1935<\/td>\nAcme Mill<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
View in Pendlebury<\/em><\/td>\n1936<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Figures in a Lane<\/em><\/td>\n1936<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Procession<\/em><\/td>\n1937<\/td>\nAnnual Whit-Thursday procession<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Albion Mill<\/em><\/td>\n1941<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Winter in Pendlebury<\/em><\/td>\n1943<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Mill, Pendlebury<\/em><\/td>\n1943<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mill Scene with Figures<\/em><\/td>\n1944<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Iron Works<\/em><\/td>\n1947<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Street in Pendlebury<\/em><\/td>\n1948<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pendlebury Market<\/em><\/td>\nu\/d<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Railway Platform<\/em><\/td>\n1953<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PICCADILLY<\/td>\nPiccadilly<\/em><\/td>\n1930<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Piccadilly Gardens<\/em><\/td>\n1954<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Piccadilly, Manchester<\/em><\/td>\nc.1957<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
POLICE STREET, Eccles<\/td>\nThe Arrest<\/em><\/td>\n1927<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PRESTWICH<\/td>\nPrestwich Clough<\/em><\/td>\n1914<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RAMSBOTTOM<\/td>\nThe Railway Steps, Ramsbottom<\/em><\/td>\n1945<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Steps<\/em><\/td>\n1957<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RICHMOND HILL, Salford<\/td>\nRichmond Hill, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1925<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Richmond Hill, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1957<\/td>\nDate tbc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ST MICHAEL\u2019S FLAGS & ANGEL MEADOW PARK<\/td>\nPlayground<\/em><\/td>\nc.1927<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Steps, Irk Place<\/em><\/td>\n1928<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lancashire Street<\/em><\/td>\n1929<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
St Michael\u2019s Church and All Angels \u2013 Study<\/em><\/td>\n1933<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
View of a Town<\/em><\/td>\n1936<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
St Michael\u2019s Church and All Angels<\/em><\/td>\n1941<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Street Scene<\/em><\/td>\n1941<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Britain at Play<\/em><\/td>\n1943<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Street Scene with Figures<\/em><\/td>\n1944<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Street Scene<\/em><\/td>\n1947<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ST PETER\u2019S SQUARE<\/td>\nReference Library<\/em><\/td>\n1972<\/td>\nBuilt 1930-34; now Central Library<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SALFORD<\/td>\nSalford Street Scene<\/em><\/td>\n1922<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Flat Iron Market<\/em><\/td>\nc.1925<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Belle Vue House, Leaf Square, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1925<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Behind Leaf Square<\/em><\/td>\n1925<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The County Court<\/em><\/td>\n1926<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Tower, Leaf Square<\/em><\/td>\n1926<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
An Old Lamp, Behind Leaf Square<\/em><\/td>\n1926<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
By Christ Church, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1926<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
By the County Court, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1926<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
By St Philip\u2019s Church, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1926<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hulme Place, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1926<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Dwelling, Ordsall Lane, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1927<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A Street Scene, St Simon\u2019s Church<\/em><\/td>\n1927<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
St Simon\u2019s Church <\/em><\/td>\nc.1927<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A Street Scene, St Simon\u2019s Church<\/em><\/td>\n1928<\/td>\nChurch demolished in 1927<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Salford Street Scene<\/em><\/td>\n1928<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Gateway<\/em><\/td>\n1931<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Corner Shop<\/em><\/td>\n1943<\/td>\nIslington Square<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A Footbridge<\/em><\/td>\n1944<\/td>\nPack Saddle or Roving Bridge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Old House, Grove Street, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1948<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Factory Gate<\/em><\/td>\n1951<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Early Morning<\/em><\/td>\n1954<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
St Stephen\u2019s Church, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1956<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Chapel, St Stephen\u2019s Church, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1956<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
North James Henry Street, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1956<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Christ Church, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1956<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Francis Terrace, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1956<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Francis Street, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1957<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sunday Afternoon<\/em><\/td>\n1957<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Man Going to Work\/Figure in a Gateway<\/em><\/td>\n1964<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Church in Salford\/St Philip\u2019s Church<\/em><\/td>\n1965<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STOCKPORT<\/td>\nThe Stepped Street<\/em><\/td>\n1929<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mealhouse Brow<\/em><\/td>\n1929<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Crowther Street, Stockport<\/em><\/td>\n1930<\/td>\nOriginal houses demolished in the 1960s but restored early in the 2000s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Crowther Street, Stockport<\/em><\/td>\n1934<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Stockport Viaduct<\/em><\/td>\n1942<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Stockport Viaduct<\/em><\/td>\n1943<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Stockport Viaduct<\/em><\/td>\n1944<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Viaduct, Stockport<\/em><\/td>\nc.1950s<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Old Steps, Mealhouse Brow<\/em><\/td>\n1969<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SWINTON<\/td>\nArden\u2019s Farm<\/em><\/td>\nc.1909<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Wardley Farm, Swinton Moss<\/em><\/td>\n1913<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
St Mary\u2019s Church, Swinton<\/em><\/td>\n1913<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Swinton Moss<\/em><\/td>\n1922<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Swinton Industrial Schools<\/em><\/td>\n1930<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
St Mary\u2019s Church, Swinton<\/em><\/td>\n1960<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOMMYFIELDS MARKET, Oldham<\/td>\nSelling Oilcloth on the Oldham Road<\/em><\/td>\n1914<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Lino Market<\/em><\/td>\n1955<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WARDLEY<\/td>\nWardley Farm, Swinton Moss<\/em><\/td>\n1913<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WIGAN<\/td>\nIndustrial Landscape\/Landscape in Wigan<\/em><\/td>\n1925<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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References<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Sandling J & M Leber (2000), Lowry\u2019s City \u2013 A Painter and His Locale, <\/em>Salford:\u00a0 Lowry Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Saywell, David, Artists and Places:\u00a0 L S Lowry in Salford and Industrial Towns in Greater Manchester<\/em> (accessed 13\/09\/2024)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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APPENDIX 3:\u00a0 VALETTE LOCATIONS IN GREATER MANCHESTER<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Pierre Adolphe Valette (1876-1942) was born in Saint-\u00c9tienne in France and was already something of an established painter when he came to London in 1904.\u00a0 In 1905 he moved to Manchester and initially designed cards and calendars for a printing company but in 1907 he obtained a teaching post at the Manchester Municipal School of Art, where he famously taught L S Lowry.\u00a0 Over the next 10 years he painted a series of pictures of the streets, squares, stations and bridges of foggy Manchester.\u00a0 In about 1917 he changed his style, preferring portraits and landscapes to the grimy cityscapes of Manchester.\u00a0 He resigned his teaching post in 1920 and returned to France in 1928, where he died in 1942.\u00a0 The locations of Valette\u2019s Manchester paintings are listed below.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
LOCATION<\/strong><\/td>\nPICTURE TITLE<\/strong><\/td>\nDATE<\/strong><\/td>\nNOTES<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALBERT SQUARE, Manchester<\/td>\nAlbert Square, Manchester<\/em><\/td>\n1910<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALL SAINTS\/GROSVENOR SQUARE<\/td>\nHansom Cab at All Saints<\/em><\/td>\n1910<\/td>\nAll Saints church was damaged in the blitz of 1940 and demolished in 1946<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Old Cab at All Saints<\/em><\/td>\n1911<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Presbyterian Church, All Saints<\/em><\/td>\ntbc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CENTRAL STATION<\/td>\nCentral Station<\/em><\/td>\n1910-11<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River IRWELL<\/td>\nWindsor Bridge on the Irwell<\/em><\/td>\n1909<\/td>\nActually depicts Irwell Street Bridge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Manchester Cathedral, Looking up the River Irwell from Bailey Bridge<\/em><\/td>\n1909<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bailey Bridge<\/em><\/td>\n1912<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Under Windsor Bridge on the Irwell<\/em><\/td>\n1912<\/td>\nActually depicts Irwell Street Bridge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER<\/td>\nRooftops, Manchester<\/em><\/td>\nTbc<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Manchester Cathedral, Looking up the River Irwell from Bailey Bridge<\/em><\/td>\n1909<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Plymouth Grove, July<\/em><\/td>\n1909<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Street Scene, Manchester<\/em><\/td>\n1912<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
York Street Leading to Charles Street<\/em><\/td>\n1913<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Manchester Street in the Fog<\/em><\/td>\nc.1910<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Manchester Suburban Scene<\/em><\/td>\ntbc<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER SHIP CANAL<\/td>\nShip Canal, Sunset<\/em><\/td>\nc.1908<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Manchester Ship Canal and Warehouses<\/em><\/td>\n1908<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Trafford Road Swing Bridge<\/em><\/td>\nc.1910<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Trafford Bridge and Pomona Dock<\/em><\/td>\ntbc<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tug on a Canal in Manchester<\/em><\/td>\ntbc<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River MEDLOCK<\/td>\nIndia House<\/em><\/td>\n1912<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW BAILEY BRIDGE<\/td>\nManchester Cathedral, Looking up the River Irwell from Bailey Bridge<\/em><\/td>\n1909<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bailey Bridge<\/em><\/td>\n1912<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OXFORD ROAD, Manchester<\/td>\nOxford Road, Manchester<\/em><\/td>\n1910<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Houses on Oxford Street, Sunset<\/em><\/td>\nc.1910<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PLYMOUTH GROVE, Manchester<\/td>\nPlymouth Grove, July<\/em><\/td>\n1909<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROMILEY<\/td>\nRomiley<\/em><\/td>\n1916<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ST PETER\u2019S SQUARE, Manchester<\/td>\nSt Peter\u2019s Square, Manchester<\/em><\/td>\ntbc<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SALE<\/td>\nSale, near Manchester<\/em><\/td>\n1907<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SALFORD<\/td>\nCastlegate, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1912<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WINDSOR BRIDGE<\/td>\nWindsor Bridge on the Irwell<\/em><\/td>\n1909<\/td>\nBoth paintings in fact depict the Irwell Street Bridge, not Windsor Bridge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Under Windsor Bridge on the Irwell<\/em><\/td>\n1912<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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References<\/p>\n

Martin, Sandra (2007), Adolphe Valette \u2013 A French Impressionist in Manchester<\/em>, London:\u00a0 Scala Publishers<\/p>\n

Webb, Poul, Arts and Artists:\u00a0 Adolphe Valette <\/em>(accessed 23\/11\/2024)<\/p>\n

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GREATER MANCHESTER PLACE NAMES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Compiled by Richard West<\/p>\n

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Cover image under licence from Alamy.\u00a0 Reference OY0101324868<\/p>\n

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INTRODUCTION<\/strong><\/p>\n

It is now more than 50 years since the formation of Greater Manchester but there is still no full account of the place names of Britain\u2019s second-most populous county.\u00a0 Harland\u2019s gazetteer of 1862 gave the origins of many of the place names in the city of Manchester and Johnston\u2019s Place-Names of England and Wales of 1915 gave a number of names in the Manchester area, but, until 1974, most of what is now Greater Manchester was included in Lancashire and Cheshire.\u00a0 The place names of these counties have been quite well documented but most of the books dealing with these place names either pre-date 1974 or ignore the 1974 boundaries and describe places as still being in Lancashire or Cheshire, despite the fact that Greater Manchester has existed for more than 50 years and now includes many places that did not even exist in 1974.<\/p>\n

The present work explores the place names of Greater Manchester from the earliest, which probably date from the 7th<\/sup> century, to those which have emerged in the 21st<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It does not pretend to be comprehensive but is intended to be a first attempt to compile a guide to the many place names of our county.\u00a0 It is, however, very much a work in progress and it appears online so that others can contribute by filling the gaps and correcting the errors.<\/p>\n

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INTRODUCTION TO THE SECOND EDITION<\/strong><\/p>\n

This enlarged version now contains over 1500 entries \u2013 an increase of more than 50%.\u00a0 Additions and corrections have been made in the light of feedback from Mancunians across the county, and I am deeply grateful for their contributions.<\/p>\n

I have also revisited the places that were omitted from the first edition and nearly all of the towns, villages and suburbs included on modern maps have now been listed.\u00a0 Attention has also been given to the numerous rivers, streams, brooks, reservoirs and \u2018flashes\u2019 across the county which have generally been neglected by academic studies of place names in the region.\u00a0 The result is that the new edition can claim to be far more comprehensive than the first.<\/p>\n

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Contact<\/strong>:\u00a0 west46 [at] btinternet.com<\/p>\n

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ENTRIES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Each entry consists of the following:<\/p>\n

Place name<\/strong>:\u00a0 There is no hard and fast definition of \u2018place\u2019 \u2013 most of the places included are settlements or natural features, but streets and individual buildings are generally not listed, although there are notable exceptions.\u00a0 The starting was the list of places and areas in the AZ Greater Manchester Street Atlas, and the origins of about 90% of these places have been traced and listed.\u00a0\u00a0 Other places, particularly rivers, brooks and parks, have been added.\u00a0 Obvious or derived place names such as Salford Town Hall or West Didsbury are not included.<\/p>\n

Location<\/strong>:\u00a0 Which metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester the place can be found in.<\/p>\n

Date<\/strong>:\u00a0 When the place was first recorded, although many places may have existed for many years, even centuries, before we find any documentary evidence of their existence, typically in the first Ordnance Survey maps of the 19th<\/sup> century.<\/p>\n

Variations<\/strong>:\u00a0 Variant names and spellings are indicated briefly.<\/p>\n

Meaning<\/strong>:\u00a0 The literal meaning of the name where this is not self-evident.<\/p>\n

Etymology<\/strong>:\u00a0 The derivation of each name, with the language of origin or the personal name of an eponym where known.\u00a0 Where an etymology is uncertain, this is indicated, as are alternative possibilities.<\/p>\n

Cross references<\/strong> to other place names in the book (marked in bold).<\/p>\n

Appendices<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nAppendix 1<\/strong><\/td>\nDomesday Book entries for Greater Manchester<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nAppendix 2<\/strong><\/td>\nLowry locations in Greater Manchester<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nAppendix 3<\/strong><\/td>\nValette locations in Greater Manchester<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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GLOSSARY<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Aspirational<\/strong> place names are names that are consciously chosen to reflect the hopes that the inhabitants have for their future lives in that place.\u00a0 An early example is Breightmet<\/strong>, meaning \u2018beautiful meadow\u2019 and recorded in 1257.\u00a0 Later on, it was often a hope to escape from the \u2018dark satanic mills\u2019 of the industrial revolution in Greater Manchester.\u00a0 Examples include Belle Vue<\/strong>, Fairfield<\/strong>, Flowery Field<\/strong>, Garden Suburb<\/strong>, Lark Hill<\/strong> and Hazel Grove<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Eponyms<\/strong> are words derived from the name of a person.\u00a0 Eponyms are widely used as place names across the world.\u00a0 In the Greater Manchester area many eponymic place names date from the Anglo-Saxon period.\u00a0 In these cases, their names have survived far longer than any memory or record of who they were or what they did.\u00a0 Some eponyms are much later, dating from the 18th<\/sup> or 19th<\/sup> centuries \u2013 Ashburys<\/strong>, Bridgewater<\/strong> Canal<\/strong>, Brooklands<\/strong> and Simister<\/strong> \u2013 and in most cases we know the name of the person they are named for and often a lot about their lives and why they have been commemorated in a place name.\u00a0 The person whose surname gives us the most eponyms in Greater Manchester is Sir Robert Peel<\/em> (1788-1850), a former prime minister and founder of the modern police force, who was born in Bury and who is commemorated in Peel Park<\/strong>, Peel Tower<\/strong> and (more obliquely) the Peel Centre <\/strong>in Stockport. \u00a0However, eponyms can also be taken from a person\u2019s forename.\u00a0 The most common are names of queens \u2013 Victoria <\/strong>and Alexandra<\/strong> \u2013 but there also examples from unknown people, mostly landowners or farmers (e.g. Bryan Hey<\/strong>, Dick Hill<\/strong>, Ellenor Brook<\/strong>, Mode Wheel<\/strong>, Norman Hill, Patricroft<\/strong>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Etymology<\/strong> is the study of the origin and history of a word, tracing it back to its original language and form, and often the date when it was first recorded.\u00a0 Many place names in Greater Manchester can be traced back more than a thousand years, with places derived from Celtic or Old Welsh (including the first element of Manchester<\/strong>), a few from Latin (Viridor<\/strong>, the second element of Manchester<\/strong>), Old Norse, Old English, Norman French, Modern French (Belle Vue<\/strong>), Gaelic (Ducie Bridge<\/strong>), Spanish (Calamanco<\/strong>), Greek (Adelphi<\/strong>, Eccles<\/strong>), Hebrew (Jericho<\/strong>, Salem<\/strong>), Catalan (Montserrat<\/strong>) and Arabic (Etihad<\/strong>).\u00a0 In a good many cases the etymology may be uncertain or even unknown.\u00a0 In these cases, this is indicated and different theories or suggestions are given.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Folk etymology<\/strong> is a false derivation which may be commonly believed but which is not true or accurate.\u00a0 Examples from Greater Manchester include Adswood<\/strong> (often said to be \u2018Adders\u2019 wood\u2019), Denton <\/strong>(\u2018Dane town\u2019), Gorton<\/strong> (\u2018gore town\u2019), Oldham<\/strong> (said to be derived from owls), Reddish<\/strong> (\u2018blood red\u2019 from an ancient battle), Salford<\/strong> (\u2018salt\u2019 + \u2018ford\u2019) and Wigan<\/strong> (said to be from the Wiggin tree).\u00a0 Most notably, it is often believed that the first element of Manchester<\/strong> is derived from \u2018adult male\u2019, despite its actual female origins, and there continue to be campaigns to change the name of the city or its football teams.<\/p>\n

Folk etymology is sometimes included in and perpetuated by a place\u2019s coat of arms.\u00a0 Examples in Greater Manchester include Bolton<\/strong> (said to derive from a crossbow bolt<\/em>), Oldham (owl <\/em>+ ham) and Wigan (the coat of arms depicts a wiggin <\/em>tree).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Gentrification\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>Manchester was well aware of its grim industrial reputation and sometimes transferred place names from more affluent or fashionable and aristocratic areas in order to \u2018gentrify\u2019 a neighbourhood.\u00a0 This practice seems to have begun in the 16th<\/sup> century, when Spring Gardens was developed in Manchester around the Fountain Street, and the surrounding streets were given names from those around Spring Gardens in London \u2013 Cheapside, Chancery Lane, Bow Lane, Half Moon Street and Milk Street.\u00a0 It was also common at the end of the 18th<\/sup> century, when names such as Adelphi<\/strong>, Piccadilly<\/strong>, New Islington<\/strong>, Oxford Road<\/strong>, Grosvenor<\/strong> Square<\/strong>, Paddington<\/strong> and New Windsor<\/strong> were all adopted.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hybrids <\/strong>are place names which are composed of elements from two or more different languages.\u00a0 The most conspicuous example is Manchester<\/strong>, in which the Celtic mamm<\/em> (\u2018breast\u2019) is combined with the Old English ceaster<\/em> (\u2018Roman fort\u2019) from Latin castra <\/em>(\u2018camp\u2019).\u00a0 Almost uniquely, Cheadle Hulme<\/strong> combines elements from three languages:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cheadle is a hybrid:\u00a0 the Celtic c\u0113d<\/em>, meaning \u2018wood\u2019, + Old English l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018clearing\u2019) + Old Danish hulme<\/em>, meaning \u2018raised ground in a marsh\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rationalisation<\/strong> is the process of altering the spelling of a place name so that it conforms to modern spelling and the name seems to become more transparent, even though it may have nothing to do with its actual etymology.\u00a0\u00a0 A notable example is Strangeways<\/strong>, which is not derived from either \u2018strange\u2019 or \u2018ways\u2019.\u00a0 It is actually derived from Old English strang<\/em>, \u2018strong\u2019, and waesce<\/em>, meaning ‘flooding’, but this meaning was lost and the modern spelling was adopted as early as 1326 by those trying to find meaning in its name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Reduplication <\/strong>is a process whereby two elements in the place name mean the same, usually because the meaning of the first element has been lost.\u00a0 An example is Platt Bridge<\/strong>, where Middle English platt<\/em> means \u2018bridge\u2019 and the addition of Modern English bridge<\/em> is tautologous.\u00a0 Other examples include Calderbrook<\/strong>, Cheadle<\/strong>, Glodwick<\/strong>, Pendlebury<\/strong>, Wardle<\/strong> and Whittle Hill<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Standardisation<\/strong> is the process by which disputed names or spellings become fixed or standardised by the need to choose one through a formal naming process. This process was especially notable in the 19th<\/sup> century when the Ordnance Survey, the railway companies and the Post Office had to decide which name or spelling would be used.\u00a0 One example in Greater Manchester is Bramhall<\/strong>, where the 19th-century owner of the local country house insisted on Bramall without an H but the Manchester & Birmingham Railway chose Bramhall with an H when it named its station in 1845.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Transfer\u00a0 <\/strong>A number of place names in Greater Manchester have been transferred from places elsewhere.\u00a0 This may be because the original place had special significance (Blackfriars<\/strong>, Denzell Gardens<\/strong>, Kingston<\/strong>, Maine Road<\/strong>, New Manchester<\/strong>, Whalley Range<\/strong>, Bruntwood<\/strong>, Richmond Hill<\/strong>) or was the site of a military victory or defeat (Alma Park<\/strong>, Bunker Hill<\/strong>, Crown Point<\/strong>, Gallipoli Gardens<\/strong>, Gibraltar<\/strong>, Victory<\/strong>, Waterloo<\/strong>, Trafalgar Square<\/strong>), or, most recently, celebrates the twinning of towns in Greater Manchester with European towns (Armentieres Square<\/strong>, Peine Square<\/strong>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

TIMELINE OF GREATER MANCHESTER PLACE NAMES <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
The timeline below highlights the main eras and dates in the history of Greater Manchester and shows how place names across the county exemplify the naming practices of its inhabitants at those times.\u00a0 The names in bold are included as main entries in the dictionary.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
THE CELTS<\/strong><\/p>\n

c.750 BC onwards<\/td>\n

The Celts were living in north-west England from about the 8th<\/sup> century BC but they were either displaced or assimilated by later invaders.\u00a0 Few of their place names survive.\u00a0 As elsewhere in England, the names of many of the rivers of what is now Greater Manchester are possibly of Celtic origin:\u00a0 Calder<\/strong>, Douglas<\/strong>, Glaze<\/strong>, Goyt<\/strong>, Irk<\/strong> and Tame<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area would have been sparsely populated but several place names provide evidence of Celtic occupation around Wigan:\u00a0 Wigan<\/strong> itself, Bryn<\/strong>, Culcheth<\/strong>, Ince-in-Makerfield<\/strong>, Kenyon<\/strong>, Pemberton<\/strong> and Shevington<\/strong>, and Cheadle<\/strong>, Cheetham<\/strong> and Cheetwood<\/strong> all share the same Celtic root (c\u0113d<\/em> \u2018wood\u2019), suggesting that all were Celtic settlements at an early date, and it has been suggested that this area has one of the heaviest concentrations of Celtic names in England.<\/p>\n

The Celts are also recalled in Wallgate <\/strong>and Walton<\/strong>, both derived from the Anglo-Saxon term for the Celts \u2013 the wealh <\/em>(i.e. the Welsh).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

ROMANS<\/strong><\/p>\n

AD 78 AD – 410<\/td>\n

In AD 78-86 the Roman invaders built a fort that is usually said to have been named Mamucium<\/strong>, derived from the Celtic for \u2018breast-shaped hill\u2019.\u00a0 The name was later Anglicised as Manchester<\/strong>, preserving the Latin castra<\/em> (\u2018camp\u2019).\u00a0 The Roman legions abandoned their fort in about AD 410, but, despite this long occupation, there are no place names in Greater Manchester preserving the original Latin, although some seem to be translations of earlier Latin names.\u00a0 Suggestions that Manchester\u2019s River Tib <\/strong>may have been named after the Tiber<\/em> in Rome may simply be fanciful.<\/p>\n

Although there are no place names in Greater Manchester which are derived from Latin, there are several Anglo-Saxon names which acknowledge Roman forts:\u00a0 Alport<\/strong>, Castlefield<\/strong>, Castleshaw<\/strong> and Littleborough<\/strong>.\u00a0 Old English str\u01e3t <\/em>in Stretford <\/strong>and Trafford<\/strong> refers to the Roman road to Chester.<\/p>\n

It should be noted that Roman Lakes<\/strong> Leisure Park was a 19th<\/sup>-century invention that had nothing to do with the Romans.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

ANGLO-SAXONS<\/strong><\/p>\n

c. AD 450 onwards<\/td>\n

The majority of Greater Manchester place names recorded before the industrial revolution are derived from Old English \u2013 the language of the Anglo-Saxon invaders who spread over much of England from the 5th<\/sup> century onwards.\u00a0 They generally constructed their place names from two or three elements:\u00a0 a generic element identifying the type of place it was and another element coming first to distinguish it from others with the same generic element.\u00a0 So, for example, Heaton <\/strong>(\u2018high village\u2019) was distinguished from Lowton<\/strong> (\u2018low village\u2019).\u00a0 The Anglo-Saxons used several main types of elements:<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n\u00a8<\/td>\nEponyms <\/strong>\u00a0Many Anglo-Saxon places were named after leaders, but, of course, we know little or nothing of the men and women who gave their names to Ardwick<\/strong>, Baguley<\/strong>, Cadishaw<\/strong>, Chorlton<\/strong>, Crumpsall<\/strong>, or Pilsworth<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is often easy to spot an Anglo-Saxon eponym as any name formed with -ing-<\/em> (\u2018followers, people of\u2019) + –t\u016bn <\/em>(\u2018village, estate, etc\u2019) is likely to be named after an Anglo-Saxon leader \u2013 Brinnington<\/strong>, Dumplington<\/strong>, Partington<\/strong>, Pennington<\/strong>, Pilkington<\/strong>, Shevington<\/strong>, Torkington<\/strong>, Tottington<\/strong>, Withington<\/strong> and Worthington<\/strong>.\u00a0 For some reason, there are no longer any Greater Manchester names with -ing-<\/em> + –t\u016bn<\/em> to compare with Birmingham, Nottingham or Sandringham (but see earlier spelling of Altrincham<\/strong>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n\u00a8<\/td>\nTopographical <\/strong>\u00a0The second category of Anglo-Saxon place names is those derived from the geography of the area \u2013 the hills and valleys, rivers and streams, and moors and marshes.\u00a0 In the Greater Manchester area, these follow a clear pattern as the landscape changes from east to west:<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Moors<\/strong><\/td>\nMoors are barren uplands that are generally unsuitable for agriculture.\u00a0 There are over 3000 listed places with moor<\/em> as their final element, approximately half of them in Yorkshire.\u00a0 In Greater Manchester there are about 20 moor<\/em> places nearly all in the east, on the edge of the Pennines and Peaks (Moorside<\/strong>).\u00a0 In the south of the county, the old Roman road to Buxton (the A6) marks a boundary, with Great<\/strong> Moor<\/strong>, Heaton Moor, Bramhall Moor<\/strong> and Woodsmoor<\/strong> along the road and contrasting with the nearby Shaw Heath<\/strong> to the west.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mosses<\/strong><\/td>\nTo the west and north-east of the county are the mosses \u2013 bogs or swamps that often made settlement or travel difficult.\u00a0 The name and the phenomenon are distinct to north-west England, as Daniel Defoe noted:\u00a0 \u2018On the road to Manchester, we pass\u2019d the great bog or waste call\u2019d Chat Moss, the first of that kind that we see in England, from any of the south parts hither.\u00a0 It extends on the left-hand of the road for five or six miles east and west, and they told us it was, in some places, seven or eight miles from north to south.\u2019\u00a0 The element is found in at least twenty places as Barton Moss<\/strong>, Broadhead Moss<\/strong>, Chat Moss<\/strong>, Featherbed Moss<\/strong>, Hale Moss<\/strong>, Kearsley<\/strong> Moss<\/strong>, Kitt\u2019s Moss<\/strong>, Little Moss<\/strong>, Moss Side<\/strong>, Mossley<\/strong>, Moston<\/strong>, Shadow Moss<\/strong> and, somewhat corrupted, Moses Gate<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Brooks<\/strong><\/td>\nAs we have seen, most of the major rivers in Greater Manchester have names which are probably Celtic in origin, but these are fed by countless muddy brooks flowing from the east, most of which have Anglo-Saxon names.\u00a0 These brooks may flow down steep valleys or cloughs<\/em> (Stoneclough<\/strong>), gentler dales <\/em>(Rochdale<\/strong>) or long deans\/-dens<\/em> (Denton<\/strong>, Droylsden<\/strong>, Walkden<\/strong>) with paths or roads, or meander round a nook or halh <\/em>(Bramhall<\/strong>, Crumpsall<\/strong>, Hale<\/strong>, Haugh<\/strong>) or a tongue (Tonge<\/strong>, Taunton<\/strong>).\u00a0 The rivers and brooks were crossed by fords<\/em> (Salford<\/strong>, Stretford<\/strong>, Trafford<\/strong>) and later by bridges \u2013 Platt<\/strong>, meaning bridge, is found from 1212 and bridge<\/em> itself occurs in Manchester\u2019s Hanging Bridge<\/strong>, dating from 1343.\u00a0 Settlements were frequently established beside these fords and bridges.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Woods<\/strong><\/td>\nThe flood plain of Greater Manchester between the moors to the east and the mosses to the west was originally heavily wooded, although much of the forest had been cleared by the time the Anglo-Saxons arrived.\u00a0 We find many places that have wood<\/em> in their name (Woodley<\/strong>, Woodford<\/strong>, Woodhouses<\/strong>), <\/strong>but many more that are copses or shaws<\/em> (Audenshaw<\/strong>, Openshaw<\/strong>, Shaw<\/strong>, Wythenshawe<\/strong>).<\/p>\n

Amongst the woods, settlements were established in clearings, and names with the element –lee\/-leigh\/-le<\/em> meaning \u2018woodland clearing\u2019 are especially common (Leigh<\/strong>, Cheadle<\/strong>, Edgeley<\/strong>, Romiley<\/strong>, Stayley<\/strong>, Stalybridge<\/strong>, Worsley<\/strong>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

<\/td>\n\u00a8<\/td>\nVegetation<\/strong>\u00a0 There are many places named after different types of wood, although this is not always obvious\u00a0 \u2013 Ashton<\/strong>, Beech Hill<\/strong>, Birch<\/strong>, Firswood<\/strong>, Hollins<\/strong> (holly), Horwich<\/strong> (wych elm), Ogden<\/strong> (oak), Sale <\/strong>(willow), Salford<\/strong> (willow), Withington <\/strong>(willow), and Wythenshawe <\/strong>(willow).\u00a0 There are also names which are derived from the uses to which the wood was put \u2013 for making poles (Bollinhurst<\/strong>), brooms (Bramhall<\/strong>, Brimrod<\/strong>), staves (Stalybridge<\/strong>) and timber (Timperley<\/strong>).<\/p>\n

There are relatively few places named for other types of vegetation.\u00a0 Several places indicate that reeds or rushes, which could be used for thatching (Thatch Leach<\/strong>), could be found (Broadbent<\/strong>, Lever<\/strong>, Reddish<\/strong>, Sedgley<\/strong>).\u00a0 Some places are names after vegetables \u2013 celery (Agecroft<\/strong>), watercress (Kearsley<\/strong>, Kersal<\/strong>), and wild garlic (Ramsbottom<\/strong>) \u2013 and others indicate that cereal crops such as barley (Barlow Fold<\/strong>, Barlow Moor<\/strong>, Pemberton<\/strong>) and rye (Ryton<\/strong>, Ryecroft<\/strong>) were being grown.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

<\/td>\n\u00a8<\/td>\nAnimals<\/strong>\u00a0 The Anglo-Saxons also named many places after animals and birds, especially deer (Hartshead<\/strong>, Hattersley<\/strong>, Roe Green<\/strong>), goats (Bucklow<\/strong>, Gatley<\/strong>), pigs (Boarshaw<\/strong>, Swinton<\/strong>), cranes (Cornbrook<\/strong>) and hawks (Hawkley<\/strong>).\u00a0 Perhaps surprisingly in a region with so many rivers, there are very few places named after fish (Compstall<\/strong>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n\u00a8<\/td>\nDirectional <\/strong>\u00a0While there are several names indicating the northern location of places (Norbury<\/strong>, Norley<\/strong>, Northenden<\/strong>, Northern Moor<\/strong>), compass points were also used for distinguishing purposes:\u00a0 Norden<\/strong> (= northern valley) and Sudden <\/strong>(= southern valley), Astley<\/strong> (east Leigh) and Westleigh<\/strong>, Haughton <\/strong>and Westhaughton<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHRISTIANITY<\/strong><\/p>\n

6th<\/sup>-7th<\/sup> centuries onwards<\/td>\n

Christianity spread to the area of Greater Manchester in the 6th<\/sup> and 7th<\/sup> centuries and evidence of this is found in place names across the county, although little or nothing is known of the monks commemorated in Monsall<\/strong> or Monton<\/strong>, the priests in Prestolee, <\/strong>\u00a0Prestwich <\/strong>or Priestnall<\/strong>, the kirk at Kirkmanshulme<\/strong> or of any abbey in Abbey Hey<\/strong>.\u00a0 Rooden<\/strong> and possibly Blackrod<\/strong> retain the Old English r\u014dd<\/em> (meaning \u2018cross\u2019) before it was supplanted by the Gaelic or Norse cross<\/em>, which is found in other, presumably later place names.\u00a0 Eccles<\/strong> is also thought to be a Celtic word derived from the Latin or Greek for an ecclesiastical gathering.<\/p>\n

The only person from this early period of whom we know anything is St Chad<\/em> (c.634-672), the Bishop of Lichfield in Mercia<\/strong>, whose parish covered the Greater Manchester area until 1541.\u00a0 St Chad\u2019s Church in Rochdale, parts of which date from the 13th<\/sup> century and which may have been named in AD 673, is said to be the oldest church in the county, and St Chad is also commemorated in Chadkirk<\/strong> and possibly even Chat Moss<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Some of the Anglican churches built in Manchester in the 18th<\/sup> and 19th centuries (some of them no longer in existence) have given their names to districts (All Saints<\/strong>, St George\u2019s<\/strong>), squares (St Ann\u2019s<\/strong>, St Peter\u2019s<\/strong>) and parks (Angel Meadows<\/strong>, St John\u2019s Gardens<\/strong>, St Michael\u2019s Flags<\/strong>).\u00a0 There are several places with Biblical names:\u00a0 Goshen <\/strong>dates from the 16th<\/sup> century and the non-conformist churches which developed in the first half of the 19th<\/sup> century also coined Biblical names (Jericho, New Earth<\/strong> and Salem<\/strong>).\u00a0 Several other places which originally had Anglo-Saxon names were later rationalised as if they had Christian origins (Abram<\/strong>, Moses Gate<\/strong>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

VIKINGS<\/strong><\/p>\n

c. AD 900-1050<\/td>\n

The Vikings settled in North-west England from the 8th century but sources differ as to whether Greater Manchester became part of the Danelaw<\/strong> or not. Certainly, the spread of the Vikings caused concern and legend has it that the Nico Ditch<\/strong> was built in 869-870 to guard against the Vikings:\u00a0 the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle<\/em> records that in AD 923 \u2018King Edward \u2026 ordered levies \u2026 to occupy Manchester<\/strong> in Northumbria, and had it repaired and garrisoned\u2019 in order to meet the Viking threat.\u00a0 It also seems that Bury<\/strong> and at least some of the places with the –bury<\/em> element (Bredbury<\/strong>, Norbury<\/strong>, Didsbury<\/strong>, Pendlebury<\/strong> and Littleborough<\/strong>) may have originally been fortified Anglo-Saxon settlements built to protect against the Vikings.<\/p>\n

There is little place-name evidence of large-scale Viking settlement in what is now Greater Manchester:\u00a0 there is a cluster of eponyms in western Manchester (Flixton <\/strong>and perhaps Urmston<\/strong>) but nowhere ending in –by<\/em>, the most common Norse element (as in Derby or Grimsby), not one -toft <\/em>(as in Lowestoft), only two occurrences of –thwaite<\/em> (Laithwaite, Linfitt<\/strong>), and only one –thorpe<\/em> (Thorp<\/strong> in Oldham).\u00a0 The only Viking name element that does occur with any frequency is –hulme <\/em>(\u2018island, raised ground\u2019):\u00a0 Hulme<\/strong>, Davyhulme<\/strong>, Levenshulme<\/strong>, Cheadle Hulme,<\/strong> Oldham<\/strong> (corrupted from Aldholme<\/em>) and Wolstenholme<\/strong>.\u00a0 A hulme<\/em> was an area of raised ground that would be particularly suitable for a settlement in an area susceptible to frequent flooding.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

INTEGRATION & ASSIMILATION<\/strong><\/td>\nCheadle Hulme<\/strong> exemplifies Greater Manchester\u2019s almost unique mixture of the three linguistic traditions \u2013 Celtic, Anglo-Saxon and Norse:\u00a0 Cheadle (Celtic c\u0113d <\/em>+ Old English l\u0113ah<\/em>) + Old Danish hulme<\/em>.\u00a0 Such names show how, over time, peoples speaking different languages and with different cultures came to live in peace together.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORMANS<\/strong><\/p>\n

1066 onwards<\/td>\n

The Norman conquest of 1066 meant that the official language of England became French, and it remained so until Richard II was deposed in 1399.\u00a0 Despite this, and the fact that Norman lords were given estates across much of England, Norman French had very little impact on place names in mediaeval England.\u00a0 Many of these lords took English names from the lands they governed, but a few Norman names remain today \u2013 Darcy (of Darcy Lever<\/strong>), Darnel (of Darnhill<\/strong>), Massey (of Dunham Massey<\/strong>), Norris (of Heaton Norris<\/strong>), Molyneux (of Molyneux Brow<\/strong>) and, much later, Davenport<\/strong> (in Stockport) and Grosvenor (of Manchester\u2019s Grosvenor Square<\/strong>).\u00a0 Also very much later is the use of -ville <\/em>for housing estates in the early 20th<\/sup> century (Chorltonville<\/strong>).<\/p>\n

However, the Normans impacted north-western place names in other ways, as can be seen from their Domesday Book<\/em> of 1086 (see Appendix 1).\u00a0 William the Conqueror sent his agents throughout England to list all the towns, villages and property, so that he would know what taxes were due.\u00a0 Domesday recorded 13,418 settlements throughout England and Wales, about 600 in Cheshire and Lancashire, but fewer than 25 in what is now Greater Manchester.\u00a0 Two reasons are normally given for this:\u00a0 William\u2019s agents did a poor job, simply omitting major places such as Stockport, Wigan and Bury.\u00a0 More likely, the Normans\u2019 genocidal \u2018harrying of the north\u2019 in 1069-1070, in which up to 75% of the population of the north were slaughtered, left many places \u2018Weaste\u2019 \u2013 uninhabited or of little value.<\/p>\n

Nevertheless, 1400 saw the \u2018triumph of English\u2019 and the vast majority of modern place names can trace their origin to Old and Middle English rather than Latin, Norse or Norman French.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

CIVIL WAR<\/strong><\/p>\n

1642-1651<\/td>\n

Greater Manchester figured significantly in the Civil War:\u00a0 the war itself is often said to have begun when Royalists tried to capture the town and Richard Perceval of Levenshulme<\/strong> became the first casualty during street fighting on 15 July 1642.\u00a0 Oliver Cromwell<\/strong> is said to have passed through Trub Smithy<\/strong> at some point, and to have camped at Oliver Clough<\/strong> during the Siege of Manchester in 1643.\u00a0 In May 1644, the Royalist commander, Prince Rupert, camped on Barlow Moor<\/strong> before leading the Bolton <\/strong>massacre, in which 1500 Parliamentary troops and citizens were killed.\u00a0 On 25 August 1651 the Royalists were defeated in the Battle of Wigan Lane at a hamlet which became known as Battling Wood<\/em>, which was later corrupted to Bottling Wood<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ENFRANCHISEMENT & CIVIL RIGHTS<\/strong><\/p>\n

17th<\/sup> century onwards<\/td>\n

The first MP for Manchester was not elected until 1654 but the constituency was abolished in 1660 on the restoration of the monarchy as Manchester had supported Oliver<\/strong> Cromwell<\/strong> and the parliamentarians in the civil war.\u00a0 This situation lasted throughout the 18th<\/sup> century and in 1725 Defoe described Manchester as \u2018the greatest meer village in England.\u00a0 It is neither a wall\u2019d town, city or corporation; they send no members to Parliament\u2019. \u00a0\u00a0Despite the Peterloo protests, parliamentary representation was not restored to Manchester until 1832 and the first MP, Mark Philips<\/em>, is commemorated in Philips Park<\/strong>.\u00a0 The right to vote was dependent on property ownership and in the 1860s, John Platt<\/strong>, a mill owner and the mayor of Oldham, gave his employees the freehold <\/strong>of their houses so that they could vote.<\/p>\n

The right to vote was restricted to men until 1918, largely as a result of the suffragette movement formed by Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters, whose campaigning is celebrated at the Pankhurst Centre<\/strong>.\u00a0 A much earlier milestone in women\u2019s rights is commemorated at Womanscroft<\/strong> Bridge in Bramhall, where, in 1637, a landowning woman <\/em>who \u2018had a house with a small croft<\/em> and toft\u2019 was given certain legal rights, including being a juror and being \u2018exempt from the burden of repairing the bridge over Lady Brook, known as the Woman\u2019s Croft bridge\u2019.\u00a0 This is one of the few place names in England with \u2018woman\u2019 as an element.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

JACOBITE REBELLION<\/strong><\/p>\n

1745-1746<\/td>\n

In 1745-1746 Bonnie Prince Charlie led a Jacobite army into England in an attempt to regain the throne that his father, James II, had been forced to give up in 1688.\u00a0 He reached Manchester on 28 November 1745 and is thought to have stabled his horses in Stockport, before marching on to Derby and then retreating to defeat at the Battle of Culloden.\u00a0 Longsight<\/strong> and Tiviot Dale<\/strong> are both said to owe their names to the Bonnie Prince and his army.\u00a0 It has also been suggested that Scotland<\/strong> in central Manchester was named because the Jacobite troops camped there in 1745, but this seems unlikely.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION & COAL<\/strong><\/p>\n

c.1760-1840<\/td>\n

The term \u2018industrial revolution\u2019 was invented in 1799 by the Frenchman, Louis-Guillaume Otto, and was applied to Britain by Arnold Toynbee in 1881.\u00a0 The industrial transformation of Britain in the second half of the 18th<\/sup> century and first half of the 19th<\/sup> had several causes, but chief among these was the availability and application of coal.<\/p>\n

Several place names across Greater Manchester point to the early mining of coal and other minerals:\u00a0 Cinder Hill<\/strong>, Collyhurst<\/strong>, Coldhurst<\/strong>, Cowlishaw<\/strong>, Delph<\/strong>, Orrell<\/strong>, Pitses<\/strong> and Quarlton<\/strong>.\u00a0 Daniel Defoe, who toured Great Britain in 1724-1726, described the widespread mining of coal between Wigan and Bolton, but the mines of the area were mostly shallow, with horse-powered winding gear.\u00a0 This early mine equipment is captured in Gin Pit<\/strong> village, where Gin is short for engine<\/em>.\u00a0 However, the depth of mines was limited by the dangers of flooding, which was addressed by the use of steam pumps.\u00a0 One of the first of these was installed in 1749 in Norbury<\/strong> colliery, which was frequently flooded by the Bollinhurst Brook<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

The other problem noted by Defoe was the remoteness from markets:\u00a0 \u2018they are remote; and though some of them have been brought to London, yet they are so dear, by reason of the carriage, that few care to buy them.\u2019\u00a0 This problem was initially solved by canals, notably the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong>, which was built in 1759-61, halving the price of coal in Manchester, and becoming the forerunner of the national canal network.<\/p>\n

Coal not only powered the industries of Greater Manchester; the region became a centre for the manufacture of textile machinery, industrial equipment and railway locomotives.\u00a0 Some of the manufacturers and engineers gave their names to places in the county, e.g. Simon\u2019s Bridge,<\/strong> Whitworth Park<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

The last coal mines in the county closed in the 1990s, leaving only the Lancashire Colliery Museum at Astley<\/strong> Green and a legacy of dereliction and pollution.\u00a0 However, much has been done to transform the industrial landscape into nature reserves and conservation areas, notably the Flashes of Wigan and Leigh<\/strong>, where flashes<\/em> are a local word for surface flooding caused by the collapse of underground mine workings.\u00a0 The Three Sisters<\/strong>, now a recreation area, take their name from former waste heaps at a local colliery.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\u2018COTTONOPOLIS\u2019<\/strong><\/td>\nThe term \u2018Cottonopolis\u2019 was invented in about 1851 but the textile industry started much earlier.\u00a0 The earliest mills, such as that at Bowdon<\/strong>, which is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1), or those at Milnrow<\/strong> (\u2018a row of houses by a mill\u2019) and Quarlton<\/strong> (\u2018mill hill\u2019) in the 13th<\/sup> century, were almost certainly corn or flour mills.\u00a0 The textile industry seems to have been established well before the 14th<\/sup> century, initially concentrating on flax (see Crossacres<\/strong>), wool (Walkden<\/strong>, Walkers<\/strong>) and linen (Bowker Vale<\/strong>, Gigg, Linfitt<\/strong>).\u00a0 The switch to cotton had begun by about 1725, when Daniel Defoe visited Bolton<\/strong> and noted \u2018that the cotton manufacture reach\u2019d thither\u2019.\u00a0 The rapid and large-scale expansion of cotton manufacture came later in the century with mechanisation, notably the building of the first water-powered mills at Portwood<\/strong> on the Mersey<\/strong> in 1732, at Garret<\/strong> by the River Medlock<\/strong> in about 1760 and at Thorp<\/strong> in Royton<\/strong> in 1764, Crompton\u2019s spinning mule, invented at Hall i\u2019 th\u2019 Wood<\/strong> in 1779, and Arkwright\u2019s steam-powered mill at Shudehill<\/strong> in 1783.\u00a0 In all, over 2400 cotton mills were built in the area between 1732 and 1926.<\/p>\n

The earliest mills tended to be named for the places where they were built or the brooks that powered them, but many mills, and the villages and parks around them were named by and for their owners or their wives.\u00a0 Knott Mill<\/strong>, dating from 1509, is an early example and later examples include Bealey\u2019s Goit<\/strong>, Drinkwater Park<\/strong>, Hallam Coronation Garden<\/strong>, Holt Town<\/strong>, Hope<\/strong>, Houldsworth<\/strong>, Langworthy<\/strong> and Eckersley<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

The First World War led to the loss of markets and the last mill in Greater Manchester and Lancashire \u2013 Elk Mill<\/strong> in Royton <\/strong>\u2013 was completed in 1926.\u00a0 Today, the only cotton mill remaining in production in the county is Tower Mill in Dukinfield<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

RAILWAYS<\/strong><\/p>\n

1830-1880<\/td>\n

The first railway in what is now Greater Manchester was the Bolton & Leigh, a 12-kilometre freight line opened in 1828 to connect Bolton to the Leeds & Liverpool Canal at Leigh.\u00a0 The Liverpool & Manchester, the world\u2019s first intercity passenger railway, was opened in 1830 with its eastern terminus at Liverpool Road<\/strong>.\u00a0 In the next 50 years, about 200 stations were built in Greater Manchester.\u00a0 Most were named after existing locations, but some were opened for new suburbs opened up by the railways such as Altrincham<\/strong>, Chorlton-cum<\/strong>–Hardy<\/strong> and Sale<\/strong>, and others, such as Ashburys<\/strong>, Brooklands<\/strong> and Davenport<\/strong>, were opened to serve communities named after individuals.\u00a0 In many other cases, it seems that the railways standardised the names or spelling of places which were not officially agreed:\u00a0 Astley Bridge<\/strong>, Chequerbent<\/strong>, Guide Bridge<\/strong>, Hazel Grove<\/strong>, Heald Green<\/strong>, Howe Bridge<\/strong>, Mumps<\/strong>, Newton Heath<\/strong>, Rushford<\/strong> and Stoneclough<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VICTORIAN ERA<\/strong><\/p>\n

1837-1901<\/td>\n

The reign of Queen Victoria <\/strong>coincided with the rise of Cottonopolis, and many places were named after Victoria herself (Victoria Bridge<\/strong>, Victoria Station<\/strong>, Victoria Park<\/strong>, Queen\u2019s Park<\/strong>, etc), her husband, Prince Albert (Albert Bridge<\/strong>, Albert Square<\/strong>, Albert Park<\/strong>, etc), their son, the Prince of Wales (Clarence Park<\/strong>), and his wife, Princess Alexandra (there are at least four Alexandra Parks<\/strong>).\u00a0 Victoria\u2019s golden jubilee in 1887 is commemorated in Jubilee Park<\/strong>, and Edward VII\u2019s coronation in 1902 in Coronation Street<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PUBLIC PARKS<\/strong><\/p>\n

1846<\/td>\n

It was in Greater Manchester that three of England\u2019s first municipal parks – Peel Park<\/strong>, named in honour of Sir Robert Peel<\/strong>, Philips Park<\/strong> and Queen\u2019s Park<\/strong> in Harpurhey \u2013 were opened to the public in 1846.\u00a0 Over the next 150 years, many country-house estates were donated or purchased and opened as public parks, ranging from the very small, such as Marie Louise Gardens<\/strong> in south Manchester to the enormous Heaton Park<\/strong>, acquired in 1902.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CITY OF MANCHESTER<\/strong><\/p>\n

1853<\/td>\n

Manchester had lost its MP in 1660 because it had supported Cromwell<\/strong> in the civil war, and it was not until 1832 that parliamentary representation was restored.\u00a0 This was followed by the granting of city status in 1853.\u00a0\u00a0 As a mark of civic pride, plans for a new town hall were announced in 1863 and, at the same time, Albert Square<\/strong> was laid out as a memorial to Queen Victoria\u2019s husband, Prince Albert, who had died in 1861.\u00a0 Also in 1853, the construction of the Free Trade Hall<\/strong> on the site of the Peterloo massacre of 1819 in St Peter\u2019s Square was begun to mark the repeal of the corn laws in 1846.\u00a0 In 1853, the City Manchester reached its peak as a cotton manufacturing city, with 108 mills.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SLAVERY AND THE COTTON FAMINE<\/strong><\/p>\n

1861-1865<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n

Most of Lancashire\u2019s raw cotton was grown and picked by slaves in the southern states of the U.S. until the 1860s.\u00a0 There is, however, little evidence of this in the place names of Greater Manchester.\u00a0 Notable exceptions are Kingston<\/strong> in Tameside, which was named by a slave-owner to remind him of his life in Jamaica, and Elk Mill<\/strong> in Oldham, which takes its name from a river in Tennessee from where some of the earliest slave-harvested cotton came from at the end of the 18th<\/sup> century.<\/p>\n

Despite this dependence on this cotton, there was early support in Manchester for the abolition of slavery.\u00a0 The issue was widely debated \u2013 the Manchester Movement for the Abolition of the African Slave Trade had been established in 1787 and Engels discusses slavery at several points in his 1845 study of the working class in Manchester.\u00a0 The supply of cotton became critical during the Lancashire \u2018Cotton Famine, which occurred when the American Civil War cut off Greater Manchester\u2019s cotton supplies from the southern states of the U.S.\u00a0 Despite the severe hardship, the Lancashire cotton workers supported the cause of the Union and in 1863 U.S. President Abraham Lincoln thanked them for their support for the abolition of slavery and his statue, with an extract from his letter, now stands in Lincoln Square<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

During the cotton famine, various projects were carried out to provide an income for the unemployed textile workers, notably Alexandra Park<\/strong> in Oldham, Queen\u2019s<\/strong> Park<\/strong> in Bolton, the Cotton Famine Road<\/strong> in Rochdale, the Haigh estate (now Haigh Woodland Park<\/strong>) in Wigan and the Swineshaw<\/strong> reservoirs in Tameside.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

MANCHESTER SHIP CANAL <\/strong><\/p>\n

1894<\/td>\n

The first attempt to connect Manchester to the Irish Sea was the Mersey & Irwell<\/strong> Navigation<\/strong>, which was built in 1721-1724 between Runcorn in Cheshire and Hunt\u2019s Quay<\/strong> in the centre of Manchester.\u00a0 This was not a true canal but a waterway which improved navigation on the two rivers through a series of cuts and locks.<\/p>\n

The Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> is a 58-kilometre artificial waterway between Runcorn in Cheshire and Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 It was built in 1887-1893 and was opened by Queen Victoria<\/strong> at Mode Wheel<\/strong> on 21 May 1894.\u00a0 It led to a considerable increase in trade and industry, notably the development of Trafford Park<\/strong>, the world\u2019s first industrial estate, in 1896.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

WORLD WAR I<\/strong><\/p>\n

1914-1918<\/td>\n

The military action of the First World War had little direct impact on Greater Manchester but there were Zeppelin bombing raids on Holcombe<\/strong> and Greenmount<\/strong> on 25 September 1916 and on Wigan<\/strong> on 12 April 1918.\u00a0 The Wigan raid killed seven people and a further nine were injured.\u00a0 However, the explosion at the Hooley Hill<\/strong> Munitions Factory on 13 June 1917 caused far more casualties, with 46 killed and hundreds injured.\u00a0 War memorials were erected after the war, as well as memorial parks such as Broadhurst Park<\/strong> in Moston, Dunwood Park<\/strong> in Crompton, Gallipoli Gardens<\/strong> in Bury, Tandle Hill Country Park<\/strong> in Royton, Woodbank Memorial Park<\/strong> in Stockport, and the Albert Hill VC Memorial Park<\/strong> in Denton.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
URBAN RE-HOUSING<\/strong><\/p>\n

20th<\/sup> century<\/td>\n

Urban overcrowding and slums led most of the councils of what is now Greater Manchester to build estates to re-house large numbers of residents in improved accommodation.\u00a0 The first was perhaps the New Barracks<\/strong> estate in Salford, built in 1901-04, including Coronation Street, <\/strong>and several were built under the government-funded \u2018Homes for Heroes\u2019 scheme after World War I.\u00a0 Many more followed in the 1930s, and most adopted the names of the farms, mines or areas where they were built \u2013 Brushes<\/strong>, Johnson<\/strong> Fold<\/strong>, Langley, Linnyshaw Park<\/strong> and Limeside<\/strong>.\u00a0 In some cases, new aspirational names were coined, e.g. Abbey Hills<\/strong>.\u00a0 A third option was to take the name of a local hall or its grounds and apply it to the whole new housing estate, e.g. Polefield<\/strong> and Wythenshawe<\/strong>. \u00a0As these estates expanded, older settlements were absorbed (Brownley Green<\/strong>, Crossacres<\/strong>, Poundswick<\/strong>, Royal Oak<\/strong>, Saxfield<\/strong>) and some have largely disappeared.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CITY OF SALFORD<\/strong><\/p>\n

1926<\/td>\n

Salford <\/strong>was granted city status in 1926 but this was not marked by any new civic buildings.\u00a0 However, city status coincided with the announcement of plans to build the first of a new type of \u2018super cinema\u2019 outside London \u2013 the Ambassador<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WORLD WAR II<\/strong><\/p>\n

1939-1945<\/td>\n

Between July 1940 and July 1942, Greater Manchester was subject to repeated German bombing raids, including the \u2018Manchester blitz\u2019 of 22-24 December 1940.\u00a0 684 people were killed, 2364 were injured and there was widespread destruction.\u00a0 Many buildings were damaged, and St Augustine\u2019s and All Saints<\/strong> churches were so badly damaged that they had to be demolished.\u00a0 Late in the war, on 24 December 1944, there were V-1 flying bomb attacks on Abbey Hills<\/strong>, Tottington<\/strong>, Davenport<\/strong> and Worsley<\/strong> which claimed 37 lives.\u00a0 Whitehead Gardens<\/strong> in Tottington commemorate these victims.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREATER MANCHESTER<\/strong><\/p>\n

1 April 1974<\/td>\n

The new county of Greater Manchester<\/strong> was created on 1 April 1974 from parts of north-east Cheshire<\/strong>, south-east Lancashire<\/strong>, and the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is composed of 10 Metropolitan Boroughs:\u00a0 Bolton<\/strong>, Bury<\/strong>, the City of Manchester<\/strong>, Oldham<\/strong>, Rochdale<\/strong>, the City of Salford<\/strong>, Stockport<\/strong>, Tameside<\/strong>, Trafford <\/strong>and Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 All of these except Tameside were pre-existing names dating from mediaeval times or earlier.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
METROLINK & REGENERATION<\/strong><\/p>\n

1992 onwards<\/td>\n

Greater Manchester, and the City of Manchester in particular, have undergone widespread regeneration since the 1990s, some of which have revived names that were fading from use (New Cross<\/strong>, New Islington<\/strong>).\u00a0 The Metrolink tram system, now the largest in the UK, was opened in 1992 and not only preserves the names of older parts of the county (Bess o\u2019 th\u2019 Barn<\/strong>, Pomona<\/strong>, Shadow Moss<\/strong>) and closed or disused railway stations (Cornbrook<\/strong>, Derker<\/strong>, Failsworth<\/strong>, Hollinwood<\/strong>, Milnrow<\/strong>, Oldham Mumps<\/strong>), but includes stops named after new areas (Anchorage<\/strong>, Etihad Campus<\/strong>, MediaCityUK<\/strong>, Salford Quays<\/strong>, Velopark<\/strong>).\u00a0 The new skyscraper area to the south of Manchester city centre is becoming known as \u201cManc-hattan<\/strong>\u201d.<\/p>\n

However, regeneration has meant not just demolition and modernistic architecture.\u00a0 There has also been a movement towards the restoration and repurposing of mills and markets such as Manchester\u2019s Mackie Mayor<\/strong> and Stockport\u2019s Weir Mill<\/strong>, based on what has sometimes been called the \u2018Altrincham<\/strong> model\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

CULTURES & LIFESTYLES<\/strong><\/td>\nPerhaps the stereotypical images of Greater Manchester are captured in the artwork of L S Lowry <\/strong>(see Appendix 2) and \u00a0P A Valette (Appendix 3), and the TV soap opera Coronation Street<\/strong>.\u00a0 However, in the years since the war and particularly since 1974, new communities and cultures have emerged, and some of these have given rise to new place names.\u00a0 These were initially unofficial but some have now been adopted officially:\u00a0 China Town<\/strong>, Curry Mile<\/strong>, Gay<\/strong> Village<\/strong>, Madchester<\/strong> and the Northern Quarter<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EXPORTED NAMES<\/strong><\/td>\nThe names of many settlements in Greater Manchester have been \u2018exported\u2019 or transferred to other countries overseas.\u00a0 This was often the result of colonial settlement, when British settlers wanted to commemorate their home towns.\u00a0 In other cases, and especially in the case of places named after Manchester, the inhabitants aspired to emulate the industrial innovation and success of Lancashire towns.\u00a0 However, several places turn out to be eponyms rather than transferred names, i.e. they are named after local worthies rather than English towns, so it is said that Manchester in Iowa was named by inverting the name of William Chesterman, one of its founders, and Oldham in Missouri was named after a Mr Asa Old who sold hams.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bolton<\/td>\nConnecticut, USA<\/td>\nIncorporated in 1720 and named by early settlers, many of whom came from Bolton in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Illinois, USA<\/td>\nProbably named after Bolton in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Iowa, USA<\/td>\nProbably named after Bolton in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kansas, USA<\/td>\nProbably named after Bolton in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Maryland, USA<\/td>\nBolton Hill:\u00a0 named after the estate of George Grundy, a Baltimore merchant who named his estate after his native Bolton in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ohio, USA<\/td>\nProbably named after Bolton in Lancashire by early settlers.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Vermont, USA<\/td>\nFounded in 1763 and probably named by early settlers from Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Virginia, USA<\/td>\nProbably named after Bolton in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bury<\/td>\nQuebec, Canada<\/td>\nNamed in 1803 after Bury in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Didsbury<\/td>\nAlberta, Canada<\/td>\nFounded and named in 1902 after Didsbury in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Edgeley<\/td>\nNorth Dakota, USA<\/td>\nFounded and named in 1886 by Richard Sykes, who was born in Edgeley in Cheshire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Heywood<\/td>\nVictoria, Australia<\/td>\nSurveyed in 1852 by Lindsay Clarke and named after Heywood in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Manchester<\/td>\nBolivia<\/td>\nFounded and named by Anthony Webster-James, a metallurgist from Manchester in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nova Scotia, Canada<\/td>\nProbably named after Manchester in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
California, USA<\/td>\nEstablished in 1871 and named by an early settler after his former home in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Connecticut, USA<\/td>\nSettled in around 1672 as Five-Mile Tract and renamed in 1823 after Manchester in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Georgia, USA<\/td>\nFounded in 1907 and named after Manchester in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Indiana, USA<\/td>\nThe town was established in 1822 and probably named after Manchester in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kansas, USA<\/td>\nLaid out in 1887 as Keystone but changed to Manchester by 1890.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kentucky, USA<\/td>\nFounded in 1807 as Greenville but changed to Manchester later that year as local business people aspired to Manchester\u2019s industrial success.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Maryland, USA<\/td>\nThe town was incorporated in 1833 as Manchester Germantown, combining the names of two communities.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Massachusetts, USA<\/td>\nManchester-by-the-Sea:\u00a0 Originally named Manchester by colonists in 1629 after Manchester in Lancashire; renamed Manchester-by-the-Sea in 1989.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Michigan, USA<\/td>\nIncorporated as a village in 1867 to take advantage of water power from the river and named after Manchester in Lancashire, which had pioneered water-powered industry.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Missouri, USA<\/td>\nThe village was incorporated in 1950 and named after Manchester by an English settler.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
New Hampshire, USA<\/td>\nNamed in 1810 by Samuel Blodget, after visiting Manchester in England in the hope that it would emulate the industry of Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
New Jersey, USA<\/td>\nIncorporated as a township in 1865 and named by William Torrey after Manchester in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
New York, USA<\/td>\nThe town was settled in 1793 as Burt but changed to Manchester in 1822 in the hope that its textile mills would emulate those of Manchester in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ohio, USA<\/td>\nThe settlement was founded in 1790 and named Massie’s Station after Nathaniel Massie, but was later renamed Manchester after the Lancashire town, which was Massie\u2019s ancestral home.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Oklahoma, USA<\/td>\nPossibly named after Manchester in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pennsylvania, USA<\/td>\nThe village was settled in 1814 and originally named Liverpool, but the name was later changed to Manchester.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tennessee, USA<\/td>\nThe city was originally founded before 1817 and named after Manchester in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Washington, USA<\/td>\nThe town was established in the 1860s as Brooklyn but in 1892 the name was changed to Manchester after the Lancashire city.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
West Virginia, USA<\/td>\nNew Manchester:\u00a0 The town was originally laid out in 1810 as Manchester.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mersey<\/td>\nNova Scotia, Canada<\/td>\nMersey River is named after the English river and flows into the Atlantic at Liverpool, Nova Scotia.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tasmania, Australia<\/td>\nThe Mersey River on the north-west coast of Tasmania flows into the Bass strait at Devonport.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Oldham<\/td>\nNova Scotia, Canada<\/td>\nThe town was named by Joseph Howe after his ancestral home in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mississippi, USA<\/td>\nThe town was probably named after Oldham in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
South Dakota, USA<\/td>\nEither named after Oldham Carrot, a local landowner, or named after Oldham in Lancashire, the home of an early settler.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rochdale<\/td>\nMassachusetts, USA<\/td>\nNamed Rochdale in 1869 because some early settlers came from Lancashire and hoped that similar types of cloth could be manufactured in Massachusetts.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mississippi, USA<\/td>\nThe town was named after Rochdale in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Queens, New York, USA<\/td>\nThis 1960s cooperative housing development was named after Rochdale in Lancashire, the birthplace of the cooperative movement.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
North Carolina, USA<\/td>\nThe town was probably named after Rochdale in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Saddleworth<\/td>\nSouth Australia<\/td>\nSaddleworth was built in the 1840s on land originally owned by James Masters, and named after his former home in West Yorkshire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Salford<\/td>\nOntario, Canada<\/td>\nThe place was originally called New Manchester, but in 1855 the name was changed and named after Salford in Cheshire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pennsylvania, USA<\/td>\nThe town was established in about 1727 and named after Salford in Lancashire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Stockport<\/td>\nSouth Australia<\/td>\nThe small town was founded in 1845 by Samuel Stocks junior and named after his birthplace in Cheshire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lake Ontario, Canada<\/td>\nStockport Islands:\u00a0 The islands were named by early explorers after their birthplace in Cheshire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Iowa, USA<\/td>\nThe town was settled in the late 19th<\/sup> century and incorporated in 1902.\u00a0 It was probably named after Stockport in Cheshire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
New York, USA<\/td>\nThe town was established in 1833 and named by James Wild, who was originally from Stockport in Cheshire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ohio, USA<\/td>\nThe town was named in 1838 by its first postmaster, Samuel Beswick, after Stockport in Cheshire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
A<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ABBEY HEY <\/strong>is a residential and recreational area of Gorton<\/strong>, east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The origin of the name is probably \u2018an abbey in or with an enclosed field\u2019, from abbey<\/em> + Old English hecg <\/em>or hege<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a hedge\u2019).\u00a0 While there is no archaeological or documentary evidence of an abbey or monastery in the area in mediaeval times, in 1309 the lord of the manor assigned land in the Gorton area to the Cistercian Abbey<\/em> of Dore, explaining the name Abbey Hey.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ABBEY HILLS<\/strong> is a district in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 There is no abbey in the area, which was originally known as Wabbow Hills<\/em> as it surrounded a farm of that name.\u00a0 It is assumed that Wabbow<\/em> was the personal name of the original owner of the farmstead but no record can be found of him.\u00a0 In the 1930s a large housing estate was built in the area and the more aspirational name Abbey Hills<\/em> was adopted.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ABBOTSFIELD PARK<\/strong> is a public park and miniature railway in Flixton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 An Abbot<\/strong> family lived in the area in the mid-17th<\/sup> century and streets and localities were named after them.\u00a0 In 1889 a local cotton mill owner, James Stott, built a large family residence and named it Abbotsfield<\/em>, which was taken over as a civilian hospital during World War II.\u00a0 In 1945 the house was returned to its pre-war owners, the Conservative Club, but the local park, the Flixton Recreational Ground, was renamed Abbotsfield Park to commemorate the work of the hospital staff during the war.\u00a0 The park is also known as Chassen Park<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ABNEY HALL PARK <\/strong>is an 80-hectare public park in Cheadle <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The park is set in the grounds of Abney Hall, which was owned by Sir James Watts and who named the estate after Sir Thomas Abney<\/em> (1640-1722), a banker and Lord Mayor of London who had offered a home to his father in Stoke Newington for many years.\u00a0 In 1958 Abney Hall was sold to the local authority, which used the hall as Cheadle town hall and opened the grounds to the public.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ABRAHAM MOSS<\/strong> is a Metrolink tram stop in Cheetham Hill<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong> which was opened on 18 April 2011.\u00a0 It serves various facilities in the area \u2013 a community school, and a library and leisure centre \u2013 all named after Abraham Moss<\/em> (1888\/89-1964), who was Lord Mayor of Manchester in 1953-1954 and President of the Board of Deputies of British Jews at the time of his death.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ABRAM<\/strong> is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded from 1199 as Hadburham<\/em>, but Abraham<\/em> is recorded in 1372 and the modern spelling is found from 1461.\u00a0 The meaning is \u2018homestead or village of a woman called Eadburh\u2019 from the Anglo-Saxon personal name \u0112adburg<\/em> + h<\/em>\u0101m<\/em> (\u2018homestead, village\u2019).\u00a0\u00a0 By the end of the 14th<\/sup> century the name had been rationalised from the Anglo-Saxon to the Biblical Abraham<\/em>, which was later shortened to Abram<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ABRAM FLASH <\/strong>is a 40-hectare nature reserve in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan <\/strong>that forms part of the Flashes of Wigan and Leigh<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 It is on the site of Abram Colliery, a coal mine which opened in about 1870 and finally closed in 1956.\u00a0 It takes its name from the village of Abram<\/strong> and flash<\/em>, a lake formed by subsidence.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ACKHURST BROOK <\/strong>is a 2-kilometre stream that flows north east to join the River Douglas<\/strong> near Crooke<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1686 as Ackhurst<\/em> Hall and means \u2018hill with oak trees\u2019, from the Old English \u0101c<\/em> (\u2018oak tree\u2019) + hyrst<\/em> (\u2018wooded hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ACRES <\/strong>is an area in Chadderton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name and origin are not well documented, but there are several other places in the area with acre<\/em> in their name, for example Crossacres<\/strong> and Greenacres<\/strong>.\u00a0 The origin, therefore, may well be Old English aecers<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018fields, plots of cultivated land\u2019), which gives us the modern measure of land, which literally means \u2018a measure of land which a yoke of oxen could plough in a day\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ACRESFIELD\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>ST ANN\u2019S SQUARE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ADAM\u2019S CROSS <\/strong>is a rock formation in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is said to be the site of pagan rituals but nothing is known of the origin of the name, which was recorded on the 1843 Ordnance Survey map, and both elements are opaque:\u00a0 there is no known link to the Biblical Adam<\/em> or to any local person named Adam<\/em>, and there is no record of a cross <\/em>at the site.\u00a0 However, nearby is the Platt Memorial Cross at Ashway<\/strong> Gap, but the name has no connection to Adam\u2019s Cross.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ADELPHI<\/strong> is a locality in the City of Salford<\/strong> west of Adelphi Street and within the U-shaped bend of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area was developed in the late 18th<\/sup> and early 19th<\/sup> centuries.\u00a0 In 1793, Adelphi Weir was built to harness the waters of the Irwell for a cotton mill.\u00a0 In the following years, print, dye and bleach works were built in the area, as well as swimming baths, all taking the name Adelphi<\/em>.\u00a0 The name is an example of gentrification \u2013 one of several areas in Salford and Manchester<\/strong> (e.g. Piccadilly<\/strong>) that adopted the names of fashionable areas of London.\u00a0 The original Adelphi<\/em> area of London was designed and built by the famous architect, Robert Adam, and his three brothers in 1768-1772, hence the name, which is Greek for \u2018brothers\u2019.\u00a0 Parts of Adelphi in Salford seem to have been fashionable \u2013 Adelphi House was built in 1808 as the home of a wealthy businessman and it is now part of the University of Salford.\u00a0 However, over time Adelphi became increasingly grim and industrialised, but today the area has undergone urban regeneration and is fashionable once again.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ADSWOOD <\/strong>is a suburb of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> and was part of Cheshire until 1974.\u00a0 The name is found from the mid-13th<\/sup> century as Addiswode<\/em>, meaning \u2018\u00c6ddi\u2019s wood\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name \u00c6ddi<\/em> + wudu<\/em>.\u00a0 Suggestions that the name is shortened from Adders\u2019 Wood, a snake-infested royal hunting ground in the reign of King Charles II (1625-1649), are probably folk etymology.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AFFETSIDE<\/strong> is a village in the western area of the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but the current spelling is first found in 1504.\u00a0 It means \u2018the boundary on the hill\u2019 from the Old English ofes<\/em> (\u2018border, boundary\u2019) + side <\/em>(\u2018hillside\u2019).\u00a0 The hill is 270 metres high and the boundary is marked by Watling Street (not the old Roman road), which today marks the boundary between Bury and Bolton<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AFFLECK\u2019S<\/strong> is an indoor market for independent traders in the City of Manchester<\/strong>\u2019s Northern Quarter<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is housed in a building originally built in the 1860s as Affleck and Brown\u2019s<\/em> drapery store.\u00a0 The company was founded by John Brown (1824-1901) and fellow Scot Robert Affleck<\/em> (1818-1888).\u00a0 The company closed in 1973 but the building was reopened as Affleck\u2019s Palace in 1982.\u00a0 It closed in March 2008 but was again reopened under new management as Affleck\u2019s in April 2008.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AGECROFT <\/strong>is a district of Pendlebury<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded as Achecroft<\/em> in 1394.\u00a0 There have been various suggestions for its name:\u00a0 one is that it is \u2018field of wild celery\u2019 from Old English ache<\/em> + croft<\/em>; others, perhaps more likely, are that the first element is edge<\/em>, meaning \u2018brink\u2019, or Ecga<\/em>, a personal name.\u00a0 Agecroft Hall, a Tudor country house, once stood in the area but it was auctioned off in 1925, dismantled and re-erected in Richmond, Virginia.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AIGGIN STONE<\/strong> is thought to be a mediaeval stone marking the old boundary between Lancashire<\/strong> and Yorkshire<\/strong>, north of Blackstone Edge<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was first recorded in 1800 and various suggestions have been put forward to account for its name:\u00a0 it might be a corruption of Edge Stone<\/em>, a rendering of the Latin agger<\/em> (\u2018pile, heap, mound\u2019), or it could be derived from the French aguille <\/em>(\u2018needle, sharp-pointed rock\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AINSWORTH<\/strong> is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>, also known as Cockey Moor<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in about 1200 as Haineswrthe<\/em>, meaning \u2018\u00c6gen\u2019s enclosure\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name \u00c6gen<\/em> + Old English worth<\/em> (\u2018enclosure, enclosed settlement\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALAN TURING MEMORIAL<\/strong> is a sculpture erected in 2001 in Sackville Gardens<\/strong> in central Manchester <\/strong>to commemorate Alan Turing<\/em> (1912-1954), who lived and worked in Manchester from 1948 until his death in 1954.\u00a0 The inscription on the memorial reads, \u2018Father of Computer Science, Mathematician, Logician, Wartime Codebreaker, Victim of Prejudice\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALBERT BRIDGE <\/strong>is an arched-bridge over the River Irwell<\/strong>, linking Salford<\/strong> to Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 1843-1844 to replace the earlier New Bailey<\/strong> Bridge, and was named after Prince Albert<\/em> (1819-1861), after his marriage to Queen Victoria in 1840 and the construction of Victoria Bridge<\/strong> in 1838-1839.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALBERT HALL <\/strong>is a music venue in central Manchester<\/strong> that was originally built by the Manchester and Salford <\/strong>Wesleyan Mission in 1908 as the Albert Hall and Aston Institute.\u00a0 It was named after Prince Albert<\/em> (1819-1861), the husband of Queen Victoria<\/strong>, and the principal donor, Edward Aston <\/em>(1840-1911).\u00a0 It was closed in 1969 and in 1999 it was converted into a nightclub named Brannigan\u2019s after the Irish policeman and boxer, James Christopher Brannigan<\/em> (1910-1986).\u00a0 The club closed in 2011 and the building was refurbished as a music hall, re-opening as Albert Hall in 2013.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALBERT HILL VC MEMORIAL PARK<\/strong> is a small public park and garden of remembrance in Denton <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened on 22 May 1958 and commemorates Albert Hill<\/em> (1895-1971), who lived in Denton from 1907 till 1923 and won the Victoria Cross during the Battle of the Somme in 1916.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALBERT PARK<\/strong> is a 6-hectare public park in Broughton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in 1877 and named in memory of Prince Albert<\/em>, Queen Victoria<\/strong>\u2019s husband, who had died in 1861.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALBERT PARK <\/strong>is a residential area of West Didsbury<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>, about 6.5 kilometres south of the city centre.\u00a0 The area was developed as an affluent housing area in 1862-70 and named after Prince Albert<\/em>, Queen Victoria<\/strong>\u2019s husband, who had died in 1861.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALBERT SQUARE<\/strong> is a pedestrianised space in front of Manchester<\/strong> Town Hall.\u00a0 It was laid out in 1863-1864 as a memorial to Queen Victoria<\/strong>\u2019s husband, Prince Albert<\/em>, who had died in 1861, and to provide a fitting location for a statue of Albert which had been commissioned the city.\u00a0 Victoria was invited to open the Square but declined, and she also declined to open the Town Hall when it was completed in 1877.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALDER BARROW \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> OWLER BARROW<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALDER FOREST<\/strong> is a residential area in Eccles<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong> that also includes the 8.23-hectare Alder Forest Playing Field.\u00a0 There is little documentation relating to the name and its derivation, but it clearly suggests the presence of alder forests in this area, the name probably coming from the Old English alor<\/em>, meaning \u2018an alder tree\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALDERMAN\u2019S HILL <\/strong>and Alphin Pike <\/strong>are both hills in the Peak District<\/strong> overlooking Uppermill<\/strong> and the Tame<\/strong> valley in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Alderman\u2019s Hill is recorded in 1817 and probably means \u2018old man\u2019, from Old English ald <\/em>or eald <\/em>+ mann<\/em>.\u00a0 According to local legend, Alder<\/em> and Alphin<\/em> were Saddleworth<\/strong> giants who fought a battle over a water nymph called Rimmon<\/strong> who lived in Chew Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 They threw boulders across the valley (see Pots and Pans<\/strong>) and Alphin was killed, while Rimmon, who loved Alphin, killed herself.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALDER ROOT <\/strong>is a residential area of Chadderton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is said to be recorded in the 16th<\/sup> century but by 1826 it was linked with Cowhill <\/strong>as a small village.\u00a0 The name probably means \u2018spur of land with alder trees\u2019, from the Old English alor <\/em>(\u2018an alder tree\u2019) + wrot<\/em> (\u2018snout; spur of land shaped like a snout\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALDPORT<\/strong> was a district in central Manchester<\/strong> to the south of what is now Deansgate<\/strong> (which was formerly known as Aldport Street).\u00a0 The name first appears in 1281 and can be explained as meaning simply \u2018old town\u2019, from Old English ald<\/em> + port<\/em>.\u00a0 However, the area was close to the old Roman garrison and it may be that port<\/em> in this context meant \u2018walled town or fort\u2019.\u00a0 The area was demolished in the 1890s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALEXANDRA PARK, Edgeley<\/strong> is a 24-hectare park in the Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was laid out in the grounds of what had been Edgeley House and was opened to the public as Alexandra Park in 1870.\u00a0 It was named after Princess Alexandra<\/em> (1844-1925), who married the Prince of Wales in 1863.\u00a0 On Queen Victoria\u2019s death in 1901, he became King Edward VII and she became Queen Alexandra.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALEXANDRA PARK, Moss Side<\/strong> is a 24-hectare public park in Whalley Range<\/strong> and Moss Side<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The site was purchased by Manchester Corporation in 1864 from William Egerton<\/strong> and opened to the public in 1870.\u00a0 It was named after Princess Alexandra<\/em> (1844-1925), who had married the Prince of Wales in 1863, and who became Queen Alexandra on Queen Victoria<\/strong>\u2019s death in 1901.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALEXANDRA PARK, Oldham<\/strong> is a 23-hectare public park in Glodwick<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was laid out in 1863-1865 as a way of giving work to textile workers during the Lancashire Cotton Famine<\/strong> of 1861-1865, when cotton could not be imported from the southern United States because of the American Civil War.\u00a0 It was opened on 28 August 1865 and named after Princess Alexandra<\/em> (1844-1925), who had married the Prince of Wales in 1863, and who became Queen Alexandra on Queen Victoria<\/strong>\u2019s death in 1901.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALEXANDRA PARK, Wigan <\/strong>is a 7-hectare public park in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was laid out on land donated by Colonel Henry Blundell-Hollinshead-Blundell (1831-1906) and opened in April 1903.\u00a0 It was named after Queen Alexandra<\/em>, who became queen in 1901 when her husband succeeded Queen Victoria<\/strong> as King Edward VII.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALKRINGTON<\/strong> or ALKINGTON GARDEN VILLAGE<\/strong> is a suburb of Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1212 as Alkinton<\/em>, meaning \u2018the village of Alhhere<\/em>\u2019s people\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + Old English -ing-<\/em> (\u2018belonging to; followers of\u2019) + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2019enclosure, village\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALL SAINTS <\/strong>is a district in central Manchester<\/strong>, part of which now forms the All Saints Campus of Manchester Metropolitan University.\u00a0 It is one of the few place names in Greater Manchester with an overtly religious origin, taking its name from the Anglican All Saints Church, which was completed in 1820.\u00a0 The church was badly damaged in the blitz of December 1940 and was demolished in 1946.\u00a0 The graveyard had been made into a children\u2019s playground in the 1930s and now forms part of the park in Grosvenor Square<\/strong>.\u00a0 (See<\/em> Appendix 3 for Valette\u2019s paintings of All Saints Square and other locations in Greater Manchester)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALMA PARK<\/strong> is a residential area of the City of Manchester<\/strong>, south-east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but, along with numerous other places in Britain, it commemorates the Battle of Alma<\/em> on 20 September 1854 during the Crimean War.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALPHIN PIKE <\/strong>is a 470-metre hill in the Peak District<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name was recorded in 1468 as Alphenstone <\/em>and in 1817 as Alfin Hill<\/em>, probably from Old English elfen <\/em>(\u2018elf, fairy\u2019) + st<\/em>\u0101n<\/em> (\u2018stone\u2019).\u00a0 In local legend, Alphin was a giant who fought Alderman<\/strong> for the love of the nymph Rimmon<\/strong>.\u00a0 Alphin Pike (from Old English pike, <\/em>\u2018pointed hill\u2019) seems to be one of only a few hills in Greater Manchester<\/strong> called \u2018pike\u2019.\u00a0\u00a0 See also<\/em> ALDERMAN\u2019S HILL<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALT <\/strong>is a village in the Borough of Oldham<\/strong> that was formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in about 1190 and is said to take its name from the Celtic allt<\/em> meaning \u2018hill or hillside\u2019, referring to Alt Hill.\u00a0 The name does not seem to be related to that of the River Alt in Merseyside<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALTRINCHAM<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> that was formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1290 as Aldringeham<\/em> and with its modern spelling from 1321.\u00a0 It means \u2018the village of Aldhere<\/em>\u2019s people\u2019 from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + -inga-<\/em> (\u2018followers of\u2019) + h<\/em>\u0101m<\/em> (\u2018homestead, village\u2019).\u00a0 Altrincham is one of the few places in Greater Manchester with the h<\/em>\u0101m<\/em> element.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The AMBASSADOR<\/strong> was a \u2018super cinema\u2019 and variety theatre in Pendleton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The announcement of plans to build the new theatre \u2013 the first of a new generation of cinemas to be built outside London \u2013 coincided with the granting of city status to Salford in 1926.\u00a0 It opened on Christmas Eve 1928 and was, like many theatres and cinemas at the time, named the Ambassador.\u00a0 The original Ambassadors Theatre<\/em> was built in London in 1913 and named after the first British ambassadors \u2013 the word dates from the 14th<\/sup> century but it was only in 1893 that it was adopted as an official diplomatic title and theatres saw themselves as ambassadors for drama and the arts.\u00a0 The Ambassador in Salford became a bingo hall in 1961 and was demolished in 2004.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AMBERSWOOD<\/strong> is a 160-hectare nature reserve in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> that forms one of the sites of the Flashes of Wigan and Leigh<\/strong>.\u00a0 It occupies the site of Amberswood<\/em> Colliery, which began operations in 1855 and closed down as an opencast mine in 1988.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the opening of the mine in 1855 and the railway station in 1872.\u00a0 The name may literally mean \u2018wood where amber is found\u2019, from the Norman-French aumbre <\/em>+ Old English wudu<\/em>, but there are no place names in England listed with this derivation \u2013 the others are either eponyms or take their names from the Old English amore<\/em>, meaning \u2018bunting bird\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ANCHORAGE <\/strong>is a Metrolink tram stop in Salford Quays<\/strong> which was opened on 6 December 1999.\u00a0 It takes its name from the Anchorage<\/em> residential and commercial block located at the end of Erie Basin that was constructed in 1991.\u00a0 All the basins and localities in the redeveloped Salford Quays are named after places in North America, and so the Anchorage block is presumably named after Anchorage<\/em>, Alaska.\u00a0 <\/strong>Anchorage in Alaska was originally named Anchor Point<\/em> by Captain James Cook in 1778 but was later renamed Anchorage<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ANCOATS <\/strong>is an inner-city suburb of Manchester<\/strong> that was first recorded in 1212 as Einecote<\/em>.\u00a0 Its original meaning seems to \u2018lonely huts or cottages\u2019 from Old English \u0101na<\/em>, \u2018lonely\u2019, + cot<\/em>, \u2018cottage\u2019.\u00a0 The alternative theory that the original name was Annacots,<\/em> meaning \u2018Anna\u2019s cottages\u2019 or \u2018the dwelling of Anna\u2019 is now discounted.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ANGEL MEADOWS <\/strong>is a 3-hectare public park in central Manchester<\/strong> close to Victoria Station<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is set in what was an affluent area which took its name from St Michael and All Angels <\/em>Church, which was built in 1788, but it became one of the city\u2019s worst slums in the 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The area was cleared in the 1960s and Angel Meadows was laid out in 2004.\u00a0 See also<\/em> St Michael\u2019s Flags and Angel Meadow Park.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ANNIE LEE\u2019S <\/strong>playing fields in Gorton<\/strong> are after named after Annie Lee<\/em>, who was leader of the Openshaw<\/strong> Labour Party from the 1890s and, later, a Manchester alderman.\u00a0 She died in 1945.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AO ARENA\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> MANCHESTER ARENA<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
APETHORN BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises west of Gee Cross<\/strong> in Hyde <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> and flows north-west to empty into the Tame.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1750 and Apethorn<\/em> Farm<\/em> is thought to date back to the 15th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name probably means \u2018thorny wild-rose tree\u2019, from the Old English h<\/em>\u0113opa <\/em>+ thorn<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The APOLLO THEATRE<\/strong> is a theatre and music venue in Ardwick <\/strong>in the City of Manchester <\/strong>that was opened in August 1938.\u00a0 It is appropriately named after the Greek god Apollo<\/em>, the god of music, dance, poetry and the arts.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ARDEN PARK<\/strong> is a residential area south-east of Brinnington<\/strong> and Reddish<\/strong> Vale in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century as Arderne<\/em> or Hawardene, the family name of Sir John de Arderne<\/em> and his descendants.\u00a0 The family built Arden Hall in about 1597 but this had become derelict by the mid-19th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ARDWICK <\/strong>is an area of the City of Manchester<\/strong> about 1.5 kilometres south-east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1282 as Atheriswyke<\/em>, an eponym meaning \u2018Eadred <\/em>or \u00c6thelred<\/em>\u2019s farm or workplace\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + w<\/em>\u012bc <\/em>(\u2018homestead, farmstead, workplace\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ARMENTIERES SQUARE <\/strong>is a public retail and leisure area close to the Huddersfield Canal in central Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 Stalybridge was twinned with Armenti<\/em>\u00e8res<\/em> in northern France near the border of Belgium in 1995 and the square was named to commemorate this link.\u00a0 Armenti\u00e8res means \u2018cattle for ploughing\u2019 from the Gallo-Roman armentum.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ARMOURY BRIDGE <\/strong>is a road bridge over the main Manchester-London main line in Edgeley<\/strong> in Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The original bridge was built in the mid-19th<\/sup> century, presumably soon after Stockport station was opened by the Manchester & Birmingham Railway in 1843.\u00a0 It was replaced in 1958 and again in 2025.\u00a0 It takes its name from the nearby Stockport Armoury<\/em>, built in 1862 as a military establishment and still in use as a Territorial Army centre.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ARNDALE CENTRE<\/strong> is a large retail centre close to central Manchester<\/strong> that was opened in 1975. Many Arndale Centres were built across Britain in the 1960s and 1970s, of which Manchester was the largest.\u00a0 The name Arndale was formed from the names of the owners of the company that owned it \u2013 Arn<\/em>old Hagenbach and Sam Chippindale<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASH BROOK, ASHBROOK HEY\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>\u00a0Ashbrook Hey is a residential area of the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, north-east of Rochdale town centre, which takes its name from Ash Brook<\/em>, a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are several streams named Ash Brook in Britain, and all mean either \u2018the east brook\u2019, from Old English \u0113ast<\/em>\u00a0+\u00a0br\u014dc<\/em>\u00a0\u2018, or \u2019brook beside ash trees\u2019, from Old English\u00a0\u00e6sc<\/em>\u00a0+\u00a0br\u014dc<\/em>.\u00a0 The village of Ashbrook Hey grew up around a farmhouse of that name dating from 1673, which adds Hey, from Old English hecge<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a hedge\u2019), to the name of the stream to indicate that it was enclosed with a hedge.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASHBURTON<\/strong> is an area of Trafford Park<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1886, when the Ashburton Road bridge was built over the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is believed it is named after the 1st<\/sup> Baron Ashburton<\/em> (1731-1783), who was made Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster in 1782 and who had taken his title from Ashburton<\/em> in Devon.\u00a0 The name means \u2018village by the stream where ash trees grow\u2019, from the Old English \u00e6sc <\/em>(\u2018ash tree) + burna<\/em> (\u2018stream\u2019) + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018village\u2019).\u00a0 In 1973 there was a proposal to name the new metropolitan borough in south-west Greater Manchester Ashburton as it contained the letters of some of the main towns \u2013 A<\/strong>ltrincham, S<\/strong>ale\/S<\/strong>tretford, H<\/strong>ale, B<\/strong>owdon, U<\/strong>rmston and Warburton<\/strong>.\u00a0 However, this proposal was rejected and the name Trafford was adopted in 1974.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASHBURYS <\/strong>is a railway station in Openshaw<\/strong>, about 5 kilometres east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 Ashburys takes its name not from a location but from the Ashbury Railway Carriage & Iron Company<\/em> of Openshaw which originally paid for it to be built by the Sheffield Ashton-under-Lyne & Manchester Railway in July 1855.\u00a0 The company was founded in 1837 by John Ashbury <\/em>(1806-1866) and moved to Openshaw in 1847. \u00a0It was closed down in 1928 and the works were demolished in the early 1930s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASHLEY HEATH <\/strong>is a residential area south-west of Hale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford.\u00a0 <\/strong>The village of Ashley<\/em> in Cheshire<\/strong> is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Acelie<\/em>.\u00a0 Several kilometres to the north is the village of Ashley Heath, formerly in Cheshire but now in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 This name is not recorded until 1746 and comes from the Old English \u00e6sc<\/em> (\u2018ash\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018clearing; pasture\u2019) + h\u0101th <\/em>(\u2018uncultivated land of heather\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASHTON-IN-MAKERFIELD<\/strong>\u00a0is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are several places called Ashton<\/em> in Britain, all originally meaning \u2018ash-tree farmstead or village\u2019 and deriving their names from Old English\u00a0\u00e6sc +t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>, but some have defining additions to distinguish them from other Ashtons.\u00a0 \u00a0The situation was particularly confusing in the north-west as the Assheton family at one time owned what are now known as Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong>, Ashton-on-Mersey<\/strong>, and Ashton-on-Ribble.\u00a0 The first record of Ashton-in-Makerfield is in 1212 as Eston<\/em>.\u00a0 Most sources state vaguely that \u2018in-Makerfield\u2019 was added at a later date, but it was certainly in use by 1589, when the grammar school was founded.\u00a0 Makerfield <\/strong>is derived from an old Celtic name for a wall or ruin + Old English feld<\/em>, meaning \u2018open land\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASHTON MOSS<\/strong> is a residential area west of Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is uncertain when the separate name evolved but the moss<\/em> or bog land of the area was drained and cultivated in the 1830s and the Ashton or New Moss Colliery was opened in 1881.\u00a0 The colliery closed in 1959.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASHTON-UNDER-LYNE<\/strong>\u00a0is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are several places called Ashton<\/em> in Britain, all originally meaning \u2018ash-tree farmstead or village\u2019 and deriving their names from Old English\u00a0\u00e6sc +t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>, but some have defining additions to distinguish them from other Ashtons.\u00a0 \u00a0The situation was particularly confusing in the north-west as the Assheton family at one time owned what are now known as Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong>, Ashton-on-Mersey, and Ashton-on-Ribble.\u00a0 Ashton-under-Lyne is first recorded in about 1160 simply as Haistune <\/em>but is distinguished as Asshton<\/em> under Lyme<\/em> by 1305.\u00a0 Despite the spelling, lyme<\/em> does not mean \u2018lime\u2019 but refers to the ancient Lancashire Forest and is ultimately thought to derive from the Celtic name for \u2018elm\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASHTON UPON MERSEY<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0There are many places in England named Ashton<\/em>, all meaning \u2018farm or village near ash trees\u2019, and the situation was particularly confusing in the north-west as the Assheton family at one time owned what are now known as Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong>, Ashton-on-Mersey, and Ashton-on-Ribble.\u00a0 It is necessary to distinguish them by identifying their location or some other identifying feature.\u00a0 Ashton upon Mersey is a residential area of the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> roughly 8 kilometres south of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 It lies on the south bank of the River Mersey<\/strong>, hence its name.\u00a0 It is first mentioned simply as Ayston<\/em> in 1260 and Ashton <\/em>from about 1284.\u00a0 In 1421 it is distinguished as Assheton super Mercy<\/em>, as Ashton on Mersee Bank<\/em> in 1577 and as Ashton super Merseybanke<\/em> in 1584.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASHWAY <\/strong>is an area in the Peak District <\/strong>National Park in the north of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> that includes a number of locations and features.\u00a0 The name is not recorded until the early 19th<\/sup> century but is probably much older.\u00a0 The basic meaning is \u2018a road or track (Old English weg<\/em>) where ash trees (Old English \u00e6sc<\/em>) are found\u2019.\u00a0 Ashway gives its name to Ashway Gap (Old Norse gap<\/em> or Middle English gappe<\/em>, referring to a gap in the hills, perhaps that created by Greenfield<\/strong> Brook), Ashway Hey (Old English h<\/em>\u00e6g, meaning <\/em>\u2018enclosure\u2019), Ashway Moss (Old English mos<\/em>, \u2018swamp, bog\u2019) and Ashway Rocks (Old English rocc<\/em>, referring to a pile of rocks).\u00a0 Ashway Gap was the site of Ashway Gap House, a hunting lodge built in about 1850 by John Platt (1817-72), who, with his brother James (1823-57), owned Platt Brothers textile machinery company.\u00a0 On 27 August 1857 James Platt, who was MP for Oldham, was killed in a shooting accident and a memorial cross was erected near the spot where the accident happened by his brother, who later also became MP for Oldham.\u00a0 The house was demolished in 1981.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASHWORTH MOOR RESERVOIR<\/strong> is a large reservoir in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale <\/strong>constructed in 1898-1908.\u00a0 It takes its name from the nearby village of Ashworth<\/em> in Lancashire.\u00a0 The name means \u2018ash-tree enclosure\u2019 and is first recorded as Esworde<\/em> in about 1200 and as Asheworth<\/em> in 1347.\u00a0 It is derived from the Old English \u00e6sc<\/em> (\u2018ash tree\u2019) + worth<\/em> (\u2018enclosed settlement\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASPULL <\/strong>is a village north-east of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1212 as Aspul<\/em>, meaning \u2018hill where aspen-trees grow\u2019, from the Old English \u00e6sp<\/em> (\u2018aspen tree\u2019) + hyll<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019).\u00a0 The name provides evidence of aspens on high land in the area in mediaeval times, although today there are few trees.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASTLEY<\/strong> and ASTLEY GREEN <\/strong>are residential areas in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1210 as Astelegh<\/em> and with its modern spelling from 1479.\u00a0 It is derived from the Old English \u0113ast <\/em>(\u2018east\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018woodland clearing, glade\u2019) and could mean simply \u2018eastern wood or clearing\u2019.\u00a0 However, it is located about 5 kilometres east of the town of Leigh<\/strong> and so it is likely that it actually means \u2018east of Leigh\u2019.\u00a0 Astley gives its name to Astley Green, a village to the south, which is divided between Higher Green and Lower Green by the Bridgewater Canal,<\/strong> and to Astley Brook, a tributary of the River Tonge<\/strong>. \u00a0See also<\/em> WESTLEIGH<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASTLEY BRIDGE<\/strong> is a residential area of northern Bolton <\/strong>that was formerly in Lancashire.\u00a0 As the name suggests, it lies on Astley Brook, which rises near Halliwell<\/strong> and then flows east to meet Eagley<\/strong> Brook to form the River Tonge<\/strong>.\u00a0 Astley Bridge itself seems to have been known by various names, including Ashwood and Lower Sharples<\/strong>, until the second half of the 19th<\/sup> century, and the name was possibly standardised by the opening of the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway\u2019s Astley Bridge station in 1877.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASYLUM BROOK <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> MERE BROOK <\/strong>and MERE CLOUGH<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The ATHENAEUM <\/strong>is a building, now part of Manchester Art Gallery, which was originally built in 1837 for the Manchester Athenaeum, \u2018an institution for literary, political and scientific uses\u2019 which included Richard Cobden, Frederick Engels, Charles Dickens and Benjamin Disraeli among its members and speakers.\u00a0 It was named after the London Athenaeum<\/em>, founded in 1824, which in turn took its name from the Athenaeum in Rome built by the Emperor Hadrian (AD78-138), who named it after the temple of Athena<\/em>, the Greek goddess of wisdom, in Athens.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ATHERLEIGH <\/strong>is a district of Atherton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 Atherleigh <\/em>was not an existing place name but was invented for estates that had been developed after World War I by combining the first element of Ather<\/em>ton with nearby Leigh<\/em>.\u00a0 The name was standardised when the London Midland & Scottish Railway opened a station at Atherleigh in October 1935 to serve these residential areas.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ATHERTON <\/strong>is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 For much of the 19th<\/sup> century the town was known as Chowbent<\/strong>, and this name apparently continues in local use.\u00a0 In 1888 the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway called its new station Atherton Central.\u00a0 The name is first recorded as Aderton<\/em> in 1212 and the modern spelling was first used in 1322.\u00a0 There are two theories about the origin and meaning.\u00a0 One is that the name is means \u2018a farm or village of a man named \u00c6thelhere\u2019, from the Old English personal name \u01e2thelhere<\/em> + t\u016bn<\/em>, meaning \u2018farmstead or village\u2019. \u00a0<\/strong>The other is that it means \u2018the farmstead or village (t\u016bn<\/em>) of the little brook (Old English adre<\/em>)\u2019, probably in reference to Atherton Brook, a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ATOM VALLEY<\/strong> is an industrial and commercial development zone in the north of Greater Manchester, including the Northern Gateway in Bury<\/strong> and Rochdale<\/strong>, Kingsway<\/strong> Business Park in Rochdale and Stakehill<\/strong> in Rochdale and Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name was inspired by Silicon Valley<\/em> in California, and Atom refers to the original splitting of the atom<\/em> by Ernest Rutherford at Manchester University in 1917.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AUDENSHAW<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, about 8 kilometres east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1200 as Aldwynshawe<\/em>, meaning \u2018Aldwine\u2019s copse\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Aldwine<\/em> + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018wood, copse\u2019).\u00a0 The town lends its name to the three Audenshaw Reservoirs, which were built in 1877-82.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AUSTERLANDS<\/strong> is a suburb of Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> which was previously in West Yorkshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Osterlands<\/em> in 1722 and probably means \u2018cultivated lands (Old English land<\/em>) with a sheep-fold (eowestre<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AVIVA STUDIOS<\/strong> is a 13,300 square-metre venue for cultural events, exhibitions and concerts close to the centre of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was constructed on the site of the former Granada TV studios and took the name Aviva in 2023 following a sponsorship deal. \u00a0Aviva<\/em> PLC is a British insurance company whose name is a palindrome based on the Latin word viva<\/em>, meaning \u2018life, alive\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AVRO HERITAGE MUSEUM<\/strong> is an aeronautical museum in Woodford<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is built on the site of Woodford aerodrome and the factory of the Avro <\/em>aircraft company.\u00a0 Avro was established in 1907 and took its name from those of its founders, the brothers Alliott Verdon<\/em> Roe<\/em> (1877-1958) and Humphrey Verdon Roe<\/em> (1878-1949), who were both born in Patricroft<\/strong>.\u00a0 The company remained in production until 2011 and the museum opened on 13 November 2015.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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B<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BACKBOWER\u00a0<\/strong>is a residential area of Hyde<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded as Bower<\/em> Fold in 1831 and as Bank Bower<\/em> in 1842.\u00a0 Its derivation is from Old English banke<\/em> (\u2018river bank, hillside\u2019) + b<\/em>\u016br <\/em>(\u2018cottage, dwelling\u2019), so that Backbower means \u2018cottage on a hillside\u2019, referring to its position above Werneth<\/strong> Brook, a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong>. \u00a0See also<\/em> BOWER FOLD<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BACK O\u2019 TH\u2019 MOSS<\/strong> is a residential area north of Heywood<\/strong> town centre in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is recorded in the mid-19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0\u00a0 Moss<\/em> in this case is said to refer to a large meadow that was used for textile tentering or bleaching rather than the usual bog or swamp, although perhaps it had been a marshy area that had been drained.\u00a0 The higher ground behind Moss became known as Back o\u2019 th\u2019 Moss.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

BAG LANE <\/strong>is a small village in Atherton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1831, when the Bolton & Leigh Railway opened Bag Lane station to serve the village, which was close to a number of collieries.\u00a0 The origin of the name is obscure \u2013 there are no recorded textile or bag factories in the area.\u00a0 The most plausible suggestion is that the name is a corruption of Back Lane<\/em>, usually a service lane<\/em> running along the back <\/em>of properties for access and to deliver goods or collect rubbish and waste.\u00a0 The name is found from the 15th<\/sup> century and is common throughout England:\u00a0 there are 15 Back Lanes in Greater Manchester<\/strong>, including Back Lane in nearby Hulton, <\/em><\/strong>and over 200 street names including Back<\/em>, e.g. Back Shakerley Road<\/em>, which runs parallel to Shakerley<\/strong> Road in Tyldesley<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BAGSLATE MOOR <\/strong>is a residential area of Spotland<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century as Bagslade<\/em>, meaning \u2018Bacga\u2019s<\/em> valley\u2019, from an Anglo Saxon personal name + Old English sl<\/em>\u0153d<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019).\u00a0 Bagslate Moor is 204 metres\u00a0high and overlooks the valleys of the River Roch<\/strong> to the south and Naden Brook<\/strong> to the west.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BAGULEY <\/strong>is a residential area of Wythenshawe<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was formerly in Cheshire<\/strong> and is first recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Bagelei<\/em>, from bacga<\/em> or bagga<\/em>, which may be a personal name or the name of a wild animal, possibly a badger, + l\u0113ah<\/em>, meaning \u2018woodland clearing\u2019 or \u2018enclosure\u2019.\u00a0 It gives its name to Baguley Brook, a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BAILEY\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> NEW BAILEY<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BALDERSTONE <\/strong>is a district of the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, south of Rochdale town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1323 as Baldreston<\/em>, meaning \u2018Baldere\u2019s village\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018farm, village\u2019).\u00a0 At some time after the 16th<\/sup> century the second element was rationalised as \u2018stone\u2019 to give the modern spelling of the name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BALDINGSTONE <\/strong>is a village north of Walmsersley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but the village is known to date back to the 12th<\/sup> century and it may be an eponym derived from an Anglo-Saxon personal name + ingas- <\/em>(\u2018people of, family of\u2019) + t<\/em>\u016bn <\/em>(\u2018farm, village\u2019).<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

BAMFORD <\/strong>is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, west of the main town and north of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1282 as Baunford<\/em> and the modern spelling is found from 1284.\u00a0 The meaning is \u2018ford with a beam\u2019, referring to a wooden footbridge over a tributary of the Roch<\/strong>, from Old English beam<\/em> (\u2018tree, beam\u2019) + ford<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BAMFURLONG <\/strong>is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, south of Wigan town centre.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1442 as Banforthlang<\/em>, meaning \u2018furlong or strip of land where beans are grown\u2019, from Old English bean<\/em> + furh<\/em> (\u2018furrow\u2019) + lang <\/em>(\u2018length\u2019).\u00a0 Together, furh <\/em>+ lang<\/em> gave the modern measure of a furlong<\/em> (\u2018the distance an ox could plough without resting\u2019).\u00a0 Bamfurlong is one of the few place names in Greater Manchester that makes reference to a food crop.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BANK BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises on Castleshaw<\/strong> Moor in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows south into Castleshaw Upper Reservoir.\u00a0 The origin and meaning are not well documented but would seem to be literal:\u00a0 \u2018the stream that flows down a slope or bank<\/em> (Old Norse banke<\/em>)\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARDSLEY <\/strong>is a suburban area of south Oldham<\/strong> that lies north of the River Medlock<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1422 as Bardesley<\/em> and Bardsley<\/em>, meaning \u2018the wood or clearing of someone called Beard <\/em>or Beornr<\/em>\u01e3d<\/em>\u2019, from an Anglo-Saxon personal name + l\u0113ah<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

BARDSLEY GATE <\/strong>is a village south of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1842 but is almost certainly far older, probably sharing its origin with Bardsley<\/strong> in Oldham<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARFOOT BRIDGE <\/strong>or BARFOOT AQUEDUCT <\/strong>in Sale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> was built in 1765 to carry the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong> over the River Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0 A second bridge was built alongside the first in 1898-1907 to take the Manchester South Junction & Altrincham Railway\u2019s line across the Mersey.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 12th<\/sup> century as Barfotehalt<\/em>, from the Old English baerfot<\/em> (\u2018barefoot\u2019) + halh<\/em> (\u2018nook, corner of land\u2019).\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARLEY BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Douglas<\/strong> that rises in Beech Hill<\/strong> and flows south to join the Douglas west of Wigan<\/strong> near Laithwaite<\/strong>, although it is culverted for much of its length.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1908 and is probably quite literal:\u00a0 \u2018the brook<\/em> that flows through an area where barley<\/em> is grown\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARLOW FOLD<\/strong> is an area south of Bury<\/strong> on the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 Barlow is recorded in 1254 as Barlowe<\/em>, meaning \u2018barley hill\u2019, from Old English bere<\/em> (\u2018barley\u2019) + hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019, usually an artificial mound).\u00a0 Fold may be a later addition, from Old English fald<\/em>, \u2018an enclosure for animals or people\u2019 or fold<\/em>, \u2018a small group of cottages and farm buildings\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARLOW FOLD <\/strong>is a residential area north-east of Romiley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 17th<\/sup> century and most buildings date from the 18th<\/sup>.\u00a0 The name means \u2018an enclosure where barley is grown or stored\u2019 from Old English bere<\/em> (\u2018barley\u2019) + hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019) + fald<\/em>, \u2018an enclosure for animals or people\u2019 or fold<\/em>, \u2018a small group of cottages and farm buildings\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARLOW MOOR <\/strong>is a locality in south Manchester <\/strong>that is named after the Barlow<\/em> family, who came from Derbyshire<\/strong>, where the village of Barlow was mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Barleie<\/em>, meaning \u2018boar clearing\u2019 or \u2018barley clearing\u2019.\u00a0 The Barlows moved to Lancashire in the 13th<\/sup> century and their manor house is referred to in 1254 as Barlowe<\/em>.\u00a0 Their later home, Barlow Hall, was built in 1584 and now belongs to the Chorlton-cum-Hardy<\/strong> Golf Club.\u00a0 Barlow Moor is mentioned in May 1644, when Prince Rupert, the Royalist commander, camped his troops on Barloe More<\/em> during the Civil War.\u00a0 Barlow Moor is mentioned as a \u2018chapelry\u2019 in 1870.\u00a0 An area beside the River Mersey<\/strong> is known as Barlow Ees, meaning \u2018the land close to Barlow Moor liable to flooding\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARNES GREEN <\/strong>is a residential area of Harphurey<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>, north of the city centre and east of the River Irk<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1443 as Berne Grene<\/em>, meaning literally \u2018the village green with or by some barns\u2019, from Old English bern<\/em> + grene<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARNES HOSPITAL <\/strong>and BARNES VILLAGE\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>Barnes Hospital in Cheadle<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport <\/strong>was built in 1871-1875 as a convalescent hospital with funding provided by Robert Barnes<\/em> (1800-1871), a cotton mill owner who had been Mayor of Manchester<\/strong> in 1851-1853.\u00a0 The hospital closed in 1999 and from 2015 was converted into a residential development named Barnes Village.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u201cBARNEY\u2019S STEPS\u201d <\/strong>See <\/em>COLLYHURST FOOTBRIDGE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARNSFOLD <\/strong>is a hamlet south-west of Marple<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 Barnsfold Manor Farm dates from 1659 and the name is eponymous:\u00a0 George Barns<\/em> (died 1699) + Old English fald <\/em>(\u2018enclosure for animals\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARRACK HILL <\/strong>is a residential locality in Romiley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1780 no actual military barracks<\/em> on a hill<\/em> appears on 19th-century maps.\u00a0 Family records as far back as 1839 suggest that troops were stationed in this location at that date.\u00a0 However, the name may come from another early meaning of barrack<\/em> \u2013 a simple or temporary shelter, not necessarily with any military association.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARRACK PARK <\/strong>is 2.2-hectare public park and sports facility in Hulme<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the Hulme cavalry barracks<\/em>, which were built in about 1817 and housed the 15th<\/sup> King\u2019s Hussars, who took part in the infamous \u2018Peterloo\u2019 massacre in St Peter\u2019s <\/strong>Field 1819.\u00a0 The barracks were demolished in 1914 and converted into a public park which was initially known as St George\u2019s<\/strong> Park, but was renamed Barrack Park in 1994.\u00a0 See also <\/em>NEW BARRACKS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARROW BRIDGE<\/strong> is a village in Halliwell<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The land was originally owned by the Barrow<\/em> family, whose farm was divided by Dean Brook<\/strong> with a bridge connecting the two parts.\u00a0 Some of their land was sold in the late 18th<\/sup> century to build a cotton mill.\u00a0 In 1830 the rest of the farm was sold, the mill demolished and two steam-powered mills were built.\u00a0 The workers were accommodated in a model village, which eventually became known as Barrow Bridge.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARROW BROOK <\/strong>today is a distributary of the River Mersey<\/strong>, feeding water from the Mersey south of Chorlton-cum-Hardy<\/strong> to Sale Water Park<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears on the 1842 Ordnance Survey map but Sale Water Park was a by-product of the construction of the M60 motorway in the 1970s, suggesting that at one time it flowed into the Mersey.\u00a0 The name is thought to derive from Old English bearu<\/em>, meaning \u2018grove, small wood\u2019, or bearg<\/em>, meaning \u2018a barrow pig, a castrated boar\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARROWSHAW <\/strong>is a small residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, north of the town itself.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is recorded in 1633 as now spelled but divided into Further and Nearer Barrowshaw.\u00a0 Today the area is divided between Higher Barrowshaw in the north and Near Barrowshaw in the south.\u00a0 The derivation is uncertain, but may be Old English bearu<\/em> (\u2018grove\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse, small wood\u2019).<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

BARTON MOSS<\/strong> is a residential area of Eccles<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 It is recorded from 1196 simply as Barton<\/em>, meaning \u2018barley farm or village,\u2019 from Old English bere<\/em> + t<\/em>\u016bn.\u00a0 Moss<\/em>, meaning \u2018bog or swamp\u2019, was added at a later date.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BARTON-UPON-IRWELL<\/strong>, also called BARTON-ON-IRWELL<\/strong> or simply BARTON<\/strong>, is a suburb of the City of Salford<\/strong> beside the River Irwell<\/strong> and the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1196 simply as Barton<\/em> but by 1277 it is found as Barton on Irrewelle<\/em>.\u00a0 Barton<\/em> means \u2018barley farm or village,\u2019 from Old English bere<\/em> + t<\/em>\u016bn, <\/em>and adding a reference to its location on the Irwell may distinguish it from Barton Moss<\/strong> or other Bartons in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 <\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

River BEAL<\/strong> is a short river that rises north-east of Rochdale<\/strong> and flows about 15 kilometres north-west to join the River Roch<\/strong> at Belfield<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1200 as Bole<\/em>, which may be an old Celtic river name or a derivation of the Old English b\u0113ag<\/em>, meaning \u2018river bend\u2019, which would aptly describe the meandering course of the river.\u00a0 The river gives its name to Belfield<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BEALEY\u2019S GOIT<\/strong> is an artificial waterway east of Radcliffe <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in about 1760 to take water from the River Irwell<\/strong> to Bealey\u2019s bleaching works.\u00a0 It takes its name from the Old English goit<\/em> (\u2018channel, stream\u2019) cut to supply the works built by William Bealey <\/em>(1683-1763).\u00a0 The works were demolished in 1980 but the Bealey family donated their estate to the people of Radcliffe in 1925 and this is now Close Park<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BEAT BANK CANAL <\/strong>was planned to link the Stockport <\/strong>Branch Canal with the coal mines of the hamlet of Beat Bank in Denton<\/strong>, a distance of about 5.5 kilometres.\u00a0 It was authorised in 1793 but abandoned in 1798 when about 60% had been built.\u00a0 The name of Beat Bank is recorded in 1645 and is thought to derive from Old English byht<\/em> (meaning \u2018a bend or curve\u2019, referring to the meandering of the River Tame<\/strong>) + banke<\/em> (\u2018bank, slope\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BEDFORD<\/strong> is a suburb of Leigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The town of Leigh<\/strong> was formed in 1875 from the merger of Pennington<\/strong>, Westleigh<\/strong> and Bedford.\u00a0 Bedford itself is recorded in 1201 as Bedeford<\/em>, meaning \u2018Beda\u2019s ford\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name B\u0113da<\/em> + ford<\/em>, probably a ford across Pennington <\/strong>Brook, a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 Bedford also gives its name to Bedford Brook<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BEECH HILL <\/strong>is a suburb of north-west Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but there was a large house called Beech Hill Hall in the area dating from the late 17th<\/sup> century, and the area was heavily wooded even in the mid-19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It therefore seems likely that the name can be taken literally to mean \u2018beech tree hill\u2019 from the Old English b\u0113ce\u00a0+ hyll.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BEESLEY GREEN <\/strong>is or was an area of Worsley<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>, and it now forms part of the Roe Green<\/strong>\/<\/p>\n

Beesley Green conservation area.\u00a0 The name seems to date from the late 16th<\/sup> century, when a Thomas Beesley<\/em> and his descendants farmed the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

BEETHAM TOWER<\/strong> is a 47-storey commercial and residential skyscraper at the southern end of Deansgate<\/strong> in central Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was completed in 2006 and, at 169 metres, was at the time the tallest building in Britain outside London.\u00a0 It is named after its builders and owners, the Beetham <\/em>Organisation, a property development company based in Liverpool.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BELFIELD<\/strong> is a district of Rochdale<\/strong> about 2 kilometres east-north-east of the town centre at the confluence of the River Beal<\/strong> and the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The River Beal <\/em>gives its name to Belfield, which is recorded in 1310 as Belefeld<\/em>, meaning simply \u2018the field by the River Beal\u2019.\u00a0 The derivation of the river name is uncertain but a possibility is the Old English b\u0113ag<\/em>, meaning \u2018river bend\u2019, which would aptly describe the meandering course of the river.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The BELL <\/strong>is a greenbelt area west of Kitt Green<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Bell<\/em> House Farm, but the derivation is uncertain:\u00a0 it may be the family name Bell<\/em>, a reference to the local 17th<\/sup>-18th<\/sup> century bell<\/em>-making industry of the Orrell<\/strong> and Markland (see Martland Mill<\/strong>) families, or a reference to the many bell<\/em> pits that were employed to mine shallow seams of coal in the Wigan area from the 16th<\/sup> to 19th<\/sup> centuries.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BELLE VUE <\/strong>is now a district in eastern Manchester<\/strong> that takes its name from the large zoo and amusement park that stood in the area until November 1987.\u00a0 This was originally opened in 1834 as \u2018Belle Vue Tea Gardens\u2019, taking its name from the French for \u2018beautiful view\u2019.\u00a0 The site and its facilities were gradually extended but it went into decline in the 1970s and the last speedway event was held in 1987.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BENCHILL<\/strong> is a residential area of Wythenshawe<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>, roughly 13 kilometres south of the city centre.\u00a0 Residential development started before World War II but the name dates from the start of the late 13th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It was recorded in 1289 as Bangengehull<\/em>, meaning \u2018the hill belonging to B<\/em>\u0113age<\/em> or B<\/em>\u01e3ga<\/em>\u2019, from an Anglo-Saxon personal name + -ing-<\/em> (\u2018belonging to\u2019) + hyll <\/em>(\u2018hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BENTCLIFFE <\/strong>was a mediaeval estate of Salford<\/strong> that is now recalled in Bentcliffe Park, a small neighbourhood in Eccles<\/strong>.\u00a0 Bentcliffe Mill was originally built before 1800 and was later part-owned by Friedrich Engels.\u00a0 The name is recorded from 1550 but was variously spelled Bentcliffe<\/em>, Bencliffe<\/em>, Beancliffe<\/em> and Beaucliffe<\/em>.\u00a0 The meaning is usually given as \u2018the cliff where bent or coarse grass grows\u2019, from the Old English beonet<\/em> + clif<\/em>, but clearly the meaning would change if an alternative spelling reflected the true origin.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BENTGATE <\/strong>is a residential area of Newhey in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> that is located north-east of a large bend<\/em> in the River Beal<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are several places with this name in north-west England, none of them well documented.\u00a0 Given its location, it seems likely that its meaning is \u2018curved road\u2019, from Old English bend<\/em> (\u2018bend, twist\u2019) + Old Norse gata <\/em>(\u2018road\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BENT LANES BROOK <\/strong>was originally a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong> but it now empties into the Manchester Ship<\/strong> Canal<\/strong> in Calder Bank <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford.<\/strong>\u00a0 It rises in Streford<\/strong> as Longford<\/strong> Brook and as Bent Lanes Brook it flows west and north-west through Davyhulme<\/strong>.\u00a0 While there is a Bent Lane in Prestwich<\/strong> named after the Bent family, who built Bent House in the mid-18th<\/sup> century, the brook takes its name from an aptly-named crooked street in Urmston <\/strong>and appears on maps from the 1840s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BESOM HILL <\/strong>is a 357-metre high hill north-east of Oldham<\/strong> that also gives its name to a 9.5-hectare country park and Besom reservoir.\u00a0 The hill is known to be a place of ancient habitation dating back to the Neolithic period 7000-10,000 years ago but the name is not well documented.\u00a0 It is said to be taken from the Old English besom<\/em>, meaning \u2018a broom made from twigs bound together round a handle\u2019, probably because it was a location for the twigs used to make besoms.\u00a0 The hill gives its name to Besom Hill Reservoir, which was built in about 1860.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BESSES O’ TH’ BARN<\/strong> is a district of Whitefield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name was originally that of an inn owned by a landlady called Bess that was either near a barn or looked like a barn.\u00a0 The inn was originally called the Dog Inn or Bowling Green but was renamed in 1821 and the name was gradually applied to the surrounding village.\u00a0 The name was standardised by the London Midland & Scottish Railway in 1931 when a station was opened to serve a large new housing estate in the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BESWICK <\/strong>is an inner-city area of Manchester<\/strong> on the River Medlock<\/strong> that was formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was recorded as Beaces hlaw<\/em> in 917.\u00a0 The Old English hlaw<\/em> meant \u2018mound or hill\u2019, and Beac<\/em> is thought to be a personal name.\u00a0 The name evolved to Bexwik <\/em>by 1200-1223, with w<\/em>\u012bc<\/em> meaning \u2018settlement or farm\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BEVIS GREEN <\/strong>is a residential area of Walmersley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is little-documented before a cotton mill was built there in 1810, which, after it was demolished, became the site of a housing estate built in the 2020s.\u00a0 The name might be an eponym:\u00a0 the family name Bevis<\/em> is said to derive either from the French town of Beauvais <\/em>(from the Gaulish Bellovaci tribe) or from the old French bel + fiz<\/em>, meaning \u2018beautiful son\u2019.\u00a0 However, Bevis Marks in London is an orthographic corruption of Bury\u2019s<\/em> (in this case referring to Bury St Edmunds) and so the possibility that Bevis Green was originally Bury\u2019s Green cannot be ruled out until there is firmer research evidence of the name\u2019s origin.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BEXLEY SQUARE<\/strong> is a public space in front of what was originally Salford<\/strong> town hall.\u00a0 It is named after Lord Bexley <\/em>(1766-1851), who as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster from 1823-1828 laid the foundation stone on 30 August 1825.\u00a0 The town hall was completed in 1827.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BICKERSHAW<\/strong> is part of Abram<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, approximately 5 kilometres south of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1200 as Bikersah<\/em> and Bikesah<\/em>, meaning \u2018bee-keepers\u2019 copse or wood\u2019, from Old English bicere<\/em> + sceaga<\/em>.\u00a0 It gives its name to the 247-hectare Bickershaw Country Park, which forms part of the Flashes of Wigan and Leigh<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BILLINGE, BILLINGE HIGHER END <\/strong>or HIGHER END<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0Billinge is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of St Helens in Merseyside<\/strong>, but Billinge Higher End (or just Higher End) is an area in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 Both were formerly in Lancashire<\/strong> but were separated in 1974.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1202 as Billin\u1e21<\/em>, meaning \u2018settlement of the people on the pointed hill\u2019, from the Old English billa<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018promontory,\u00a0point of a sword\u2019) + –ing<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018people of\u2019).\u00a0 End <\/em>is quite literal:\u00a0 the end<\/em> of a settlement or village.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BILL O\u2019JACKS PLANTATION <\/strong>is a forested area north west of Greenfield<\/strong> Brook and Yeoman Hey Reservoir<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from William Bradbury, known locally as Bill O\u2019Jack<\/em> (i.e. the son of Jack), the 84-year old landlord of the Moor Cock Inn, who was murdered on 2 April 1832, along with his 46-year old son, Thomas (Tom O\u2019Bill).\u00a0 The pub became known as Bill O\u2019Jacks and when it was demolished in 1937 the name was adopted for the plantation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BILLY GROUND <\/strong>is a rural area of Saddleworth <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1832 but its origin is uncertain:\u00a0 it is unlikely that it indicates that the land was once owned by someone called William; more likely is that it is from the Old Norse or Old English byle<\/em>, meaning \u2018rounded hill\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BILLY PIT BROOK <\/strong>is a stream that flows into the Leeds & Liverpool Canal from near Crooke<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name originates from the Billy Pit<\/em>, more properly the William Pit Colliery that was opened in 1803 but worked out and closed in 1846.\u00a0 The colliery may have been named after William<\/em> Hustler, one of the Yorkshire Quakers who originally invested in the mine.\u00a0 Alternatively, it could have been named after William<\/em> Ellam, the agent and manager.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BIRCH<\/strong> is an area north-west of Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1246 as Birches<\/em>, meaning \u2018birch trees\u2019, from the Old English birce<\/em>.\u00a0 This is one of the many landscape names indicating the types of trees growing locally in mediaeval times.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BIRCHEN BROOK <\/strong>or BIRCHEN CLOUGH <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises on Saddleworth<\/strong> Moor and flows south into Dovestone Reservoir<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded on the 1843 Ordnance Survey map and means \u2018the stream (Old English br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em>) or ravine (cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>) where birch trees (birce<\/em>) are found).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BIRCH MOSS COVERT NATURE RESERVE<\/strong> is a 6.1-hectare wildlife reserve in Broadheath<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 Birch Moss appears on an 1831 map and means \u2018swamp where birch trees are found\u2019, from Old English birce<\/em> + mos<\/em>.\u00a0 The area had been used for farming but was developed as a wildlife reserve from 1972 and was officially opened in 1980.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BIRKS<\/strong> is a small residential area north-east of Oldham<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is said to derive from the Old Norse birki<\/em>, meaning \u2018birch tree\u2019.\u00a0 \u00a0This would be one of the many places in Greater Manchester<\/strong> taking its name from a type of tree.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BIRTENSHAW<\/strong> is an area in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1277 as Byrkenshaw<\/em>, meaning \u2018birch copse\u2019, from Old English bircen<\/em> (\u2018birch tree\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse, small wood\u2019), referring to the ancient once-wooded landscape of much of Greater Manchester<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BIRTLE<\/strong> is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, west of the town of Rochdale itself.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1246 as Birkel<\/em>, meaning \u2018birch tree hill\u2019, from Old English birce<\/em> (\u2018birch\u2019) + hyll<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019), referring to a 282-metre hill nearby.\u00a0 The name is one of many examples of place names taken from the landscape of pre-Norman Britain.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLACK BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong> which rises in Tottington<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury <\/strong>and flows roughly east for 266 metres to join with Kirklees Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is one of several streams called Black Brook in north-west England, all meaning literally \u2018dark, black (Old English bl<\/em>\u00e6c<\/em>) brook (br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLACK CHEW HEAD<\/strong> is a hill in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and, at 542 metres, the highest point in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1468 as Blackchew-hede<\/em>, meaning \u2018black valley head\u2019, from the Old English blaec <\/em>(\u2018black\u2019) + c\u0113o<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019) + h\u0113afod <\/em>(\u2018head, headland, river source\u2019).\u00a0 The \u2018valley\u2019 refers to that of Chew Brook<\/strong>, which rises on its western slopes and flows to Dovestones<\/strong> Reservoir before joining the River Tame<\/strong> at Greenfield<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLACKFORD BRIDGE<\/strong> is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury <\/strong>that lies on the River Roch<\/strong> just above its confluence with the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but it is thought that Blackford refers to an ancient ford across the Black Brook or dark river, i.e. the Roch, on the road between Manchester<\/strong> and Bury.\u00a0 The first bridge had been built by 1551 and the name Blackford Bridge<\/em> is recorded in 1667.\u00a0 This bridge was replaced in the mid-18th<\/sup> century and a new bridge was built in 1903.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

BLACKFRIARS\u00a0<\/strong>is a suburb of the City of Salford<\/strong> on the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Blackfriars<\/em> Bridge over the Irwell and connects Salford with Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The first Blackfriars Bridge was built in 1761 to provide access to a theatre in Salford.\u00a0 There are two related theories about its naming.\u00a0 One is that it was named after Blackfriars Bridge<\/em> across the Thames in London, which was built in 1760-1769 and was itself named for a 13th<\/sup>-century Dominican monastery north of the Thamas.\u00a0 The second is that it was named after the old Blackfriars theatres in London, the first of which was built on the site of the Blackfriars monastery in 1576.\u00a0 The original Salford bridge was demolished in 1817 and replaced by the present bridge, which was opened in 1820.\u00a0 Blackfriars is an early example of a transferred name and one which seems to have been intended to gentrify parts of Salford and Manchester.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLACK LANE<\/strong> is a residential area north of Radcliffe<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented.\u00a0 It is evidently named after its position on a road going north towards the moors and the name was standardised by the Lancashire & Yorkshire when it opened Black Lane station on 20 November 1848.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLACKLEACH COUNTRY PARK<\/strong> is a 50-hectare nature reserve just north of Walkden<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1250 as Blakelache<\/em>, although the location is difficult to verify.\u00a0 The name means \u2018black stream or bog\u2019 from Old English blak<\/em> + lache <\/em>(\u2018boggy stream\u2019).\u00a0 Modern Blackleach dates from 1778, when it was developed as an industrial site with chemical works.\u00a0 The polluted site was derelict by 1976 but was transformed into a nature reserve, which was opened in 2004.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLACKLEY <\/strong>is a residential district on the River Irk<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>, about 8 kilometres north of the city centre.\u00a0 Some sources state that Blackley <\/em>is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086, but the earliest record is usually put at 1282, when it is given as Blakeley<\/em>, meaning \u2018black or dark wood or clearing\u2019, from Old English bl<\/em>\u00e6c<\/em> + l\u0113ah.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLACKMOOR <\/strong>is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1210 as Blakemore<\/em>, literally meaning \u2018black moor\u2019, from Old English bl<\/em>\u00e6c<\/em> + m<\/em>\u014dr.<\/em>\u00a0 Blackmoor is further west than most of the other moors in Greater Manchester<\/strong> and it is likely that the original meaning here would have been \u2018marshy land\u2019 rather than \u2018barren upland\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLACK MOSS COVERT NATURE RESERVE <\/strong>is a 2.1-hectare site of biological importance west of Altrincham<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It seemingly takes its name from Black Moss Farm<\/em>, which appears on maps of 1831, although the name is probably much older.\u00a0 It is derived from the Old English bl<\/em>\u00e6c <\/em>(\u2018black, dark\u2019) + mos <\/em>(\u2018marsh, bog\u2019).<\/em>\u00a0 \u2018Covert<\/em>\u2019 is a mediaeval borrowing from French that is applied particularly to a thicket in which animals or game can hide.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLACK MOSS RESERVOIRS <\/strong>are two reservoirs built in the early 19th<\/sup> century to supply water to the Huddersfield Narrow Canal.\u00a0 Black Moss Reservoir is in Kirklees in Lancashire<\/strong>, while Little Moss<\/strong> Reservoir is in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 They take their names from Black Moss<\/em>, a moorland area to the east in the Peak District<\/strong> National Park.\u00a0 The name is derived from the Old English bl<\/em>\u00e6c <\/em>(\u2018black, dark\u2019) + mos <\/em>(\u2018marsh, bog\u2019).<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLACKROD<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, west of the town centre.\u00a0 It is recorded in about 1188 as Blacherode<\/em>, meaning \u2018dark clearing\u2019, from Old English bl<\/em>\u00e6c<\/em> + rodu<\/em>, referring to the darkness of the clearing rather than the colour of the trees or the soil.\u00a0 A second, less likely theory is that the \u2018rod\u2019 might be the Holy Rood, the cross of Christ, from the Old English rod.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLACKSHAW BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Croal<\/strong> which rises east of Bottom o\u2019 the Moor and flows south and south-west to Pocket <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton <\/strong>where Middle Brook<\/strong> becomes the Croal.\u00a0 It gives its name to Blackshaw Brook, a 10.8-hectare woodland area.\u00a0 The name means \u2018small black wood\u2019, from Old English bl<\/em>\u00e6c <\/em>+ sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLACKSTONE EDGE <\/strong>is a 472-metre escarpment in the Pennines<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> on the boundary between Greater Manchester<\/strong> and West Yorkshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1291 as Blackesteyenegge <\/em>and with its modern spelling from 1551.\u00a0 It gives its name to Blackstone Edge Reservoir, built in 1798 to supply water to the Rochdale Canal.\u00a0\u00a0 The name literally means \u2018black stone\u2019 from Middle English blak<\/em> + st<\/em>\u0101n<\/em>, referring to the colour of the gritstone of which it is composed, + ecg <\/em>(\u2018edge\u2019).\u00a0 This appearance struck Celia Fiennes, who rode up Blackstone Edge in 1698 and said that was \u2018noted all over England for a dismal high precipice\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLATCHINWORTH <\/strong>is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1276 as Blackenworthe<\/em>.\u00a0 It might mean \u2018Blaeca\u2019s enclosed settlement\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + -ingas-<\/em> (\u2018belonging to\u2019) + worth<\/em>, or it could mean \u2018bleaching area\u2019, from Old English bl<\/em>\u01e3con <\/em>(\u2018bleaching\u2019) + worth<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLEAK HEY NOOK<\/strong> is a hamlet of former weavers\u2019 cottages on Saddleworth<\/strong> Moor north-east of Delph<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in baptismal records in 1813 and is descriptive, coming from Middle English bl<\/em>\u00e6c <\/em>(\u2018bleak, dark\u2019) + h<\/em>\u00e6ag<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019) + n<\/em>\u014dk<\/em> (\u2018nook of land; triangular plot\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BLUE PITS<\/strong> or BLUE PITS VILLAGE<\/strong> was the original name for Castleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented until the late 18th<\/sup> century, when the Rochdale Canal was being constructed and its highest lock was called Blue Pit from the blue clay<\/em> extracted from a local quarry.\u00a0 The name of the village was changed to Castleton in 1875, when it became an urban district council.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOARDMAN BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irk<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises north of Blackley<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong> and flows north-west to empty into the Irk east of Rhodes<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Boardman\u2019s<\/em> Tenement or Estate, which is recorded in 1808 as the site of Harpurhey<\/strong> Hall.\u00a0 The apostrophe suggests that it was named after a local family, but one source suggests that a \u2018boardman\u2019 was a tenant (i.e. a boarder<\/em>) who paid rent in kind.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOARSHAW <\/strong>is residential area in north-east Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale <\/strong>which also gives its name to Boarshaw Clough, a 6-hectare recreational area and nature site.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but, according to local legend, the area was once a forest that was home to wild boar and in the 15th<\/sup> century Sir Ralph Assheton found a boar attacking Margaret Barton, a local heiress.\u00a0 He killed the boar and the two were later married.\u00a0 The event seems to have been commemorated in the name, derived from bar<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a boar\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse, small wood\u2019). \u00a0\u00a0Clough comes from Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em> (\u2018deep valley\u2019), referring to the valley of Whit Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOAR\u2019S HEAD <\/strong>is a residential area in Standish<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, north of Wigan town centre.\u00a0 It is said to take its name from a local pub dating from the 13th<\/sup> century and thought to be one of the oldest in England.\u00a0 Boar\u2019s Head lies close to the River Douglas <\/strong>at a point where the roads to Preston, Chorley and Wigan meet.\u00a0 The name of the district was standardised when the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway and the Lancashire Union Railways opened a joint station named Boar\u2019s Head on 1 December 1869.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOARSHURST <\/strong>is a rural area of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>close to the moors of Saddleworth<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is recorded in 1583 and presumably means \u2018the wooded hill where boars are found\u2019, from the Old English bar<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a boar\u2019) + hyrst <\/em>(\u2018wooded hill\u2019), referring to the local wildlife and landscape.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOGGART HOLE CLOUGH<\/strong> is a 76-hectare country park in Blackley<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1867, and in 1893, when Manchester Corporation purchased the land for health and recreational reasons.\u00a0 However, it is evident that some of its elements may derive from earlier times:\u00a0 a boggart<\/em> is a dialect word for an evil goblin or sprite dating from 1570 according to the Oxford English Dictionary<\/em>;\u00a0 Hole<\/em> may well be the house that was haunted by the boggart rather than a lake; and it is said that in the 17th<\/sup> century the area was known simply as \u2018the clough\u2019<\/em>, referring to a wooded valley, from Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>.\u00a0 Taken together, the name would mean \u2018the wooded valley with a house haunted by an evil goblin\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOGGART STONES <\/strong>is a rock formation on Saddleworth<\/strong> Moor in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The stones<\/em> are said to be haunted by a boggart<\/em>, a north-western dialect term for an evil or mischievous goblin.\u00a0 The landmark is shown on the Ordnance Survey map of 1843 but boggart<\/em> is first recorded in 1570.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOLHOLT <\/strong>is an area within the Metropolitan Borough of Bury <\/strong>that also gives its name to a 20-hectare country park.\u00a0 The name is not well documented, although Bolholt House<\/em> is said to date from the early 17th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name means \u2018wood on a smooth, rounded hill\u2019, from the Old English bol <\/em>(\u2018rounded hill\u2019) + holt <\/em>(\u2018wood, thicket\u2019).\u00a0 In 1969 Bolholt House and estate were converted into a country park.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River BOLLIN <\/strong>is a tributary of the Mersey<\/strong> which rises in the Derbyshire<\/strong> Peak District<\/strong>, flows through northern Cheshire<\/strong> and beneath Manchester Airport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It then forms the border between Cheshire and Greater Manchester<\/strong> before joining the Mersey at Rixton in Cheshire.\u00a0 The name is first found as Bolyn<\/em> in about 1275.\u00a0 The origin of the name is unclear \u2013 one suggestion is Old English b<\/em>\u014dl<\/em> + hlynn<\/em>, meaning \u2018a noisy river or torrent\u2019.\u00a0 The river lends its name to Bollington in Cheshire:\u00a0 the t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> or \u2018farm on the Bollin\u2019.\u00a0 Apart from Cotterill <\/strong>Brook and the River Dean<\/strong>, all of the Bollin\u2019s tributaries are in Cheshire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOLLINHURST BROOK<\/strong> is a tributary of the Mersey <\/strong>that rises in the Derbyshire<\/strong> Peak District<\/strong> and flows some 15 kilometres to its confluence with the Mersey near Cheadle<\/strong>.\u00a0 Its name changes at various points along the way.\u00a0 At its source it is Bollinhurst Brook, from the Middle English bolling<\/em> (\u2018pollarding, the cropping of branches from the trunk for poles or wattles\u2019) + hyrst<\/em>, \u2018a wooded hill\u2019.\u00a0 It then becomes Norbury Brook (see <\/em>Norbury<\/strong>), Bramhall Brook (see<\/em> Bramhall<\/strong>), the Ladybrook<\/strong> (probably from \u2018our Lady\u2019, the mother of Christ) and finally the Micker Brook<\/strong> (perhaps Old English micel,<\/em> \u2018big, great\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOLSHAW OUTWOOD<\/strong> is a residential area of Heald Green <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally an area of waste or common ground that was enclosed as farmland in the early 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Bolshaw was recorded in 1380 as Bolshagh<\/em>, meaning \u2018pollarded copse\u2019, from Old English bola\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018tree-trunk, a log, a plank\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018small wood, copse\u2019).\u00a0 Outwood<\/em> is recorded in 1586 and means \u2018outlying wood\u2019, from Old English \u016bt<\/em> + wudu<\/em>.\u00a0 The combined name of Bolshaw Outwood is found from 1812.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOLTON <\/strong>is a town, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>, and a metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester<\/strong> since 1974.\u00a0 It was recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Bodeltun<\/em> and as Bolton<\/em> since 1307.\u00a0 Until 1838, the town was divided between Little Bolton and Great Bolton, with the two separated by the River Croal<\/strong>.\u00a0 In that year the two were amalgamated as a single municipality.\u00a0 The name is derived from the Old English b\u014dthl<\/em>, meaning \u2018building, farmhouse\u2019, + t\u016bn<\/em>, ‘settlement\u2019.\u00a0 The name is quite common in northern England and is generally thought to mean \u2018a new place\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOOTH\u2019S BANK<\/strong> is a residential area to the east of Boothstown<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It lies to the north of the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but an estate called \u2018The Booths\u2019 is recorded in 1323, meaning \u2018a place with small huts\u2019, from the Old English both<\/em>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Booth\u2019s Bank Farm is recorded in 1786, with bank<\/em> meaning \u2018the slope of a hill\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOOTHSTOWN<\/strong> is a suburb of the City of Salford<\/strong> that was previously in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name first appears as Bothes man<\/em>, referring to Booths Manor, in 1500 and seems to become Boothstown<\/em> only in the late 18th<\/sup> century with the extension of the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong> through Boothstown and the development of the coal trade.\u00a0 The original name of the Booths is derived from the Old English both<\/em>, meaning \u2018a small hut or enclosure\u2019 used by a herdsman.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BORSDANE WOOD <\/strong>and BORSDANE BROOK\u00a0 Borsdane Wood <\/strong>is a 26-hectare nature reserve in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally part of the great Lancashire <\/strong>forest and is mentioned in about 1215 as a stream named Ballesdenebroc<\/em>, meaning \u2018Boell\u2019s valley stream\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name B<\/em>\u0153ll <\/em>+ denu <\/em>(\u2018long valley\u2019) + br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em> (\u2018stream\u2019).\u00a0 Parts of the forest were acquired over the years but in 1931 a large area was donated to the local authorities and opened as Borsdane (sometimes spelled \u2018Borsden\u2019) Wood.\u00a0 Borsdane Brook rises east of Platt Bridge<\/strong> and flows south-west to join Hey Brook<\/strong>, which ultimately meets the River Glaze<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOSDEN<\/strong> is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> to the east of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1233-1236 as Bosedun<\/em>, meaning \u2018B\u014dsa<\/em>\u2019s Hill\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + d\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOTANY BAY WOODS <\/strong>is a woodland area east of Eccles<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong> \u2013 the largest wooded area in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally planted from about 1760 as a long-term source of wood for the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong> and the name was in use by the end of the century.\u00a0 The origin is uncertain and disputed, but one theory is that it was named after the Australian penal colony because of its remoteness at the time.\u00a0 Botany Bay<\/em> in Australia was originally named Stingray Harbour by Captain James Cook in 1770 but he later changed this to Botany Bay because of the large number of botanical specimens obtained there.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOTTLING WOOD<\/strong> is a 13-hectare woodland area and residential district in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, about 1 kilometre north-east of Wigan town centre to the east of the River Douglas<\/strong>.\u00a0 The Bottling Wood Colliery<\/em> had been established by 1800 and a hamlet with the name was recorded in 1827.\u00a0 However, the name seems older and is usually said to be a corruption of Battling Wood<\/em>.\u00a0 The reference is to the Battle of Wigan Lane, fought on 25 August 1651 during the Civil War on the east bank of the River Douglas.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOTTOM OF WOODHOUSES<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0See <\/em>WOODHOUSES<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOTTOM O\u2019 TH\u2019 BROW <\/strong>is a residential area of Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> on the south bank of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1850 and its meaning is literal \u2013 the bottom<\/em> of the brow<\/em>, meaning \u2018hill\u2019 (Old English bru<\/em>).\u00a0 Up the hill is Bridge Street, where the road runs over Wrigley Brook<\/strong>, and it was here that Heywood\u2019s first water-powered cotton mill was built in 1777.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOTTOMS <\/strong>is an area of Mossley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 Historically, Mossley was divided between Top Mossley (see Brookbottom<\/strong>) and Bottom <\/em>Mossley, and both names are still in use.\u00a0 However, Bottom Mossley was shortened to Bottoms, a name which seems to have come into use at the end of the 18th century:\u00a0 Bottoms Hall<\/em>, which later became the apprentice house for Bottoms Mill, is recorded in 1787.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOUNDARY PARK<\/strong> is a mixed-use sports stadium in Oldham<\/strong> and the home of Oldham Athletic football club.\u00a0 It was originally built in 1896 and named the Athletic Ground, but the name was changed at some point to reflect its position in north-west Oldham close to the town\u2019s boundaries<\/em> with Royton<\/strong> and Chadderton<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOWDON<\/strong> is a suburb of Altrincham<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> that was in Cheshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is first recorded as Bogedone<\/em> in the Domesday Book of 1086, where it is described as having a church and a mill (see<\/em> Appendix 1).\u00a0 The name means \u2018rounded hill\u2019 from the Old English boga <\/em>(\u2018curved, bow-shaped\u2019) + d<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOWER BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irk<\/strong> which flows from Werneth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>to meet Hole Bottom Brook<\/strong> in Failsworth<\/strong>, forming Moston Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name occurs on the Ordnance Survey maps of the area in the late 1840s and means \u2018a stream flowing from or through a bower<\/em> or a shady, leafy area (Old English b<\/em>\u016br<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOWER FOLD <\/strong>is residential and recreational area south of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 It is recorded in 1840 as Boar Fold<\/em>, meaning \u2018enclosure for boars\u2019, from the Old English b<\/em>\u0101r<\/em> + fald<\/em>.\u00a0\u00a0 By the 20th<\/sup> century, the name was rationalised to Bower Fold, which is perhaps more genteel.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOWGREEN <\/strong>is a residential and recreational area of south-west Altrincham<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Bowgreen<\/em> in 1647, probably referring to a farm round which the residential area developed in the 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Bowgreen lies on low-lying ground between Bowdon<\/strong> and the River Bollin <\/strong>and means \u2018the green below Bowdon hill\u2019, from Old English boga <\/em>(\u2018rounded hill\u2019) + gr\u0113ne<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOWKER VALE <\/strong>is a suburban area of Blackley<\/strong> on the River Irk<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is said to date from mediaeval times when cloth was bleached on the banks of the River Irk using sunlight, rain, sour milk and urine from nearby Blackley village.\u00a0 The process was known as bowkering<\/em> and gave its name both to the village and the surname.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOWLEE <\/strong>is a village on the outskirts of Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 Bowlee is not well documented but is said to have been settled in mediaeval times.\u00a0 The name is found elsewhere in England and is probably derived from Bola<\/em> + –l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018wood, glade\u2019).\u00a0 Bola<\/em> could be a personal name or the Old English for a tree-trunk or log.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOYSNOPE <\/strong>is an area of Eccles<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong> on the north bank of the River Irwell<\/strong> and the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> with a tradition of waste disposal and, more recently, farming and recreation.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1277 as Boylsnape<\/em> and is thought to come from Middle English bole<\/em> (\u2018bull\u2019) + snape<\/em> (\u2018pasture\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOZ PARK<\/strong> is a nature reserve in the Besses o’ th’ Barn<\/strong> district of Whitefield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in the early years of the 21st<\/sup> century on land donated by a local farmer in memory of his son, Colin \u2018Boz<\/em>\u2019 Tracey.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRABYNS PARK <\/strong>is a 36-hectare public park beside the River Goyt<\/strong> in Marple<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is laid out in a former estate that was inherited in 1749 by Elizabeth Brabyn <\/em>(or Brabin).\u00a0 She and her husband, Dr Henry Brabyn, landscaped the grounds and built Brabyns Hall.\u00a0 Both grounds and hall were eventually purchased by Cheshire<\/strong> County Council in 1941 and the estate was opened as a public park in 1947.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRADFORD <\/strong>is a district in east Manchester<\/strong>, about 4 kilometres north-east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name was first recorded in 1196 as Bradeford<\/em>, from the Old English br<\/em>\u0101d<\/em> + ford<\/em> meaning \u2018broad ford\u2019 across the River Medlock<\/strong>, and distinguishing the place from a narrower ford in neighbouring Beswick<\/strong>.\u00a0 It remained a rural area until industrialised in the 19th<\/sup> century with collieries, an ironworks and brickworks.\u00a0 These all closed in the 1960s and the area went into decline but it has been regenerated since 2000 as Eastlands<\/strong> and the campus of the Etihad Stadium<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRADLEY BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of River Irwell<\/strong> which rises in the north of Philips Park<\/strong> in Prestwich<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It flows south-south-west through Mere Clough<\/strong> in the park and joins the Irwell south of the park in the Waterdale<\/strong> area of Prestwich.\u00a0 The name derives from the Old English br<\/em>\u0101d <\/em>(\u2018broad, wide\u2019) + l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018woodland clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRADLEY FOLD <\/strong>is a residential and commercial area in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>, approximately midway between Bury<\/strong> and Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is not well documented before the opening of Bradley Fold station by the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway in 1849, but the name is probably much older, deriving from the Old English br<\/em>\u0101d <\/em>(\u2018broad, wide\u2019) + l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018woodland clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRADSHAW<\/strong> is a village in Turton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1246 as Bradeshawe<\/em>, meaning \u2018broad, extensive wood or copse\u2019 from the Old English b<\/em>r\u0101da<\/em> + sceaga<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRADSHAW BROOK<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Tonge<\/strong> that takes its name from the village of Bradshaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises in Lancashire<\/strong> as Cadshaw Brook<\/strong> but changes its name as it emerges from Wayoh (Old English weg<\/em> meaning \u2018way, path\u2019 + hoh<\/em> meaning \u2018spur of a hill\u2019) Reservoir.\u00a0 As Bradshaw Brook it flows into the River Tonge in Leverhulme Park<\/strong> near Bolton.\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRADSHAW CHAPEL<\/strong> is an outlying area of the village of Bradshaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1610 but it is likely that the settlement dates back to Norman times as it developed round an older church or chapel<\/em> uniquely dedicated to St Maxentius, a Norman saint.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRAMALL HALL <\/strong>is a country house in Bramhall<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, parts of which date from the 14th<\/sup> century, set in 20 hectares of land known as Bramhall Park.\u00a0 The earliest parts were owned by the Davenport family (who gave their name to neighbouring Davenport<\/strong>) but it was sold in 1877 and acquired in 1935 by the local council, which opened it to the public.\u00a0 The hall takes its name from Bramhall<\/strong> village but Charles Nevill, who owned the hall from 1883 until his death in 1916, claimed that the Bramall spelling without an H was closer to that used in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRAMHALL<\/strong> is a leafy suburb of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> that was formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was included as Bramale<\/em> in the Domesday Book of 1086, where it was said, \u2018There is land for 6 ploughs.\u00a0 There is woodland half a league long and as much wide, and half an enclosure and 1 acre of meadow.\u00a0 He found it waste\u2019 (see<\/em> Appendix 1).\u00a0 This part of the village was below Bramall Hall<\/strong> at Bramhall Green<\/strong> where the Lady Brook<\/strong> bends but the opening of Bramhall station by the Manchester & Birmingham Railway in 1845 gradually drew development about 1.5 kilometres south.\u00a0 The name means \u2018corner of land where broom grows\u2019 from Old English br<\/em>\u014dm<\/em> + halh<\/em>, and the name is recorded as Bromhall<\/em> as late as 1577.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRAMHALL GREEN <\/strong>is an area of Bramhall<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> to the north of what is now the main village, although it is where much of Bramhall was originally located.\u00a0 The name is recorded from 1777.\u00a0 The green <\/em>is in a meander (halh<\/em>) of the Lady Brook<\/strong>, which once provided power for a corn mill close to Womanscroft<\/strong> bridge.\u00a0 The village gradually moved to its current location following the opening of the railway station in 1845.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRAMHALL MOOR <\/strong>is a residential and commercial area of Bramhall<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport <\/strong>along the old Roman road to Buxton, now the A6.\u00a0 This was the main population centre of Bramhall<\/em> until the 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0\u00a0 Records refer to Bromhall Moore<\/em> in 1632 and the name is one of several moors<\/strong> along the A6, including Heaton Moor<\/strong>, Great Moor<\/strong> and Woodsmoor.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRANDLESHOLME<\/strong> is an area in Bury<\/strong> which dates from mediaeval times.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Brandolfholm<\/em> in 1285 and some sources claim that this is from Brandlesholme<\/em>, the family name of the landowner from the 12th<\/sup> to the 16th<\/sup> centuries.\u00a0 Others suggest that that name may be older \u2013 the holm <\/em>(\u2018island, raised land\u2019) of Uhtbrand<\/em>, an Anglo-Saxon personal name that is found in many \u2018Brand\u2019 places in the Domesday Book of 1086.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRANDWOOD<\/strong> is an area of Spotland<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in about 1200 as Brendwood<\/em>, meaning \u2018the burnt wood\u2019 or \u2018the wood that has been cleared by burning\u2019, from Middle English brend <\/em>(\u2018burnt\u2019) + wudu<\/em> (\u2018wood\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BREARLEY BROOK <\/strong>is a short tributary of the River Roch<\/strong>, which rises near Syke<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and flows west and then north-west to join Hollingworth Brook<\/strong>, which then merges with Ealees<\/strong> Brook to join the Roch at Littleborough<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented.\u00a0 It takes its name from the isolated settlement of Brearley<\/em>, west of Whittaker<\/strong>.\u00a0 It means \u2018clearing among the briars\u2019, from Old English br<\/em>\u00e6r\/br<\/em>\u0113r<\/em> (\u2018briar, bramble\u2019) + l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018woodland clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BREDBURY <\/strong>is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, about 3 kilometres east of Stockport itself and 13 kilometres south-east of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Bretberie <\/em>(see<\/em> Appendix 1), meaning \u2018a stronghold built of boards\u2019, suggesting that it was an Anglo-Saxon fortification.\u00a0 The name comes from the Old English bred-,<\/em> meaning \u2018board, plank\u2019, + byrig<\/em> (\u2018fortified place\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BREIGHTMET<\/strong> is a district in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1257 as Brihtmede<\/em>, at about the same time as workers from Flanders and the Netherlands moved into the area to establish a textile industry.\u00a0 The name comes from the Old English breorht<\/em>, \u2018bright, beautiful\u2019 + m\u00e6d<\/em>, \u2018meadow\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The BRICK COMMUNITY STADIUM<\/strong> is a mixed-use sports venue in Wigan<\/strong> and home to Wigan Athletic football and Wigan Wanderers rugby clubs.\u00a0 It was built in 1999 and opened as called the JJB Stadium<\/strong> after its original sponsor, which had been founded in Wigan by John Jarvis Broughton<\/em> as a sportswear supplier in the early 1900s.\u00a0 It was renamed in 2024 after The Brick<\/em>, a local charity.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRIDGEWATER CANAL<\/strong> was the first industrial canal in Britain, and was built in 1759-1761 by the 3rd<\/sup> Duke of Bridgewater<\/em> (1736-1803) to transport coal from his mines at Worsley<\/strong> to the centre of Manchester<\/strong> at Knott Mill<\/strong>.\u00a0 The canal was later extended from Worsley to Leigh<\/strong> and from Manchester to Runcorn in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The dukes of Bridgewater took their title from Bridgwater<\/em> in Somerset, a name which probably originally meant \u2018Walter\u2019s bridge\u2019 rather than \u2018the bridge over the water\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRIDGEWATER GARDENS <\/strong>are a 62-hectare public garden in the grounds of the former Worsley <\/strong>New Hall in the City of Salford<\/strong> opened by the Royal Horticultural Society in 2021.\u00a0 The name is taken from the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong>, which forms the southern boundary.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRIDGEWATER HALL<\/strong> is a concert venue in central Manchester<\/strong>, opened in 1996.\u00a0 It is named after the Duke of Bridgewater<\/em> (1736-1803) who commissioned the nearby Bridgewater Canal<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRIMMY BROOK <\/strong>is a short stream which probably takes its name from Brimmy Croft<\/em>, a farmstead recorded in 1733.\u00a0 It flows south-west to join Lumb Hole Brook<\/strong>, which then meets the River Tame<\/strong> in Denshaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name and origin are undocumented but two possibilities have been put forward:\u00a0 it could mean \u2018the brook flowing from or along a brim<\/em> or edge\u2019 (Middle English brimme<\/em>), or \u2018the brook in an area overgrown with broom<\/em> wood (Old English bromig<\/em>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRIMROD<\/strong> is a locality in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century as Bromyrode<\/em>, meaning \u2018clearing among broomwood\u2019 from Old English brom\u00a0<\/em>+ –rod<\/em> (\u2018clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRINDLE HEATH<\/strong> is a residential area of Pendleton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong> between the River Irwell<\/strong> and the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1324 as Brendlache <\/em>meaning \u2018a brown stream flowing through boggy land\u2019, from Middle English brend<\/em>-, meaning \u2018burnt, brown\u2019, + –lache<\/em>, meaning \u2018a stream flowing through boggy land\u2019.\u00a0 Presumably this was a muddy brown stream or ditch flowing into the Irwell.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRINKSWAY<\/strong> is an area of Cheadle<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> and also a network of caves that date from 1670, perhaps earlier.\u00a0 The name is taken from a road through the area from Cheadle Heath<\/strong> to Stockport meaning \u2018road at the edge or boundary\u2019, from the Middle English brink <\/em>(\u2018edge, bank, border) + -weg<\/em> (\u2018a path or road\u2019).\u00a0 The road runs along the south edge of the Mersey<\/strong> valley, which explains its name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRINNINGTON<\/strong> is a suburb of Stockport<\/strong> north-east of the town centre.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1248 as Bruninton<\/em> but has its modern spelling by 1290.\u00a0 It means \u2018the village of farmstead of Br\u04efni\u2019s followers\u2019, from the personal name Br<\/em>\u04efni<\/em> + -ing-<\/em> (followers, people of) + –t<\/em>\u016bn <\/em>(\u2018village, estate, etc\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROADBENT<\/strong> is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, north-east of Oldham town centre.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but the surname Broadbent<\/em>, which is said to be derived from the village near Oldham, is common from the mid-16th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name means \u2018reeds that are broad and bent\u2019, from the Old English br<\/em>\u0101d<\/em> + beonet <\/em>(\u2018bent grass\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROADBOTTOM<\/strong> is a village on the River Etherow<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1286 as Brodebothem<\/em>, meaning \u2018wide valley\u2019, from Old English br<\/em>\u0101d<\/em> + bothm<\/em>, which aptly describes the location of the village.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROAD CARR<\/strong> is a rural area of Mossley<\/strong> in Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but may take its name from a local farm.\u00a0 The likely meaning is \u2018broad, rocky place\u2019, from Old English br<\/em>\u0101d <\/em>(\u2018broad, wide\u2019) + carr<\/em> (\u2018rocky place\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROAD EES DOLE<\/strong> is a wildlife park and nature reserve north-east of Sale Water Park<\/strong> beside the River Mersey<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in 1987 and its name echoes its former uses:\u00a0 Old English br\u0101d<\/em> (\u2018broad, spacious\u2019) + ees<\/em> (\u2018wetland\u2019) + dole<\/em> (\u2018common land shared out among local people\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROADFIELD<\/strong> is an area of Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It had a number of cotton mills in the 19th<\/sup> century but the district has little early documentation.\u00a0 Its name is derived from the Old English br<\/em>\u0101d<\/em>, meaning \u2018broad, spacious\u2019 + feld<\/em>, \u2018field, area of land cleared of trees\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROADHALGH<\/strong> is a suburban area of Spotland<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century as Brodehalgh<\/em>, meaning \u2018the broad nook\u2019, from the Old English br<\/em>\u0101d <\/em>(\u2018broad, wide\u2019) + halh<\/em> (\u2018nook or corner of land\u2019), aptly describing its position on the meandering River Roch<\/strong>, which runs south of the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROADHEAD MOSS <\/strong>is an upland area in the Peak District <\/strong>National Park in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Broadhead<\/em> is recorded in 1730 and means \u2018broad headland\u2019, from Old English br<\/em>\u0101d<\/em> + h<\/em>\u0113afod<\/em>.\u00a0 Broadhead Moss<\/em> is recorded on the 1843 Ordnance Survey map, with moss coming from the Old English mos<\/em>, meaning \u2018bog, swamp\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROADHEATH<\/strong> is a suburban area of Altrincham<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1831 and is composed of two modern English words describing its location and landscape.\u00a0 The area developed following the extension of the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong> to Altrincham and Broadheath in 1765 and was initially involved in the supply of vegetables to Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 In 1885 Harry Grey, the 8th<\/sup> Earl of Stamford of Dunham Massey<\/strong>, gave a square kilometre of land to develop an industrial estate at Broadheath to attract engineering companies.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROADHURST PARK <\/strong>is a recreational area in Moston<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The land originally formed part of the estate of Moston Hall but in 1920 its owner, Sir Edward Tootal Broadhurst<\/em> (1858-1922), a Manchester cotton manufacturer, donated 32 hectares to the City of Manchester to commemorate the First World War.\u00a0 United of Manchester built a football stadium in Broadhurst Park in 2015.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROADLEY <\/strong>is an area of Spotland <\/strong>close to the River Spodden<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1228 as Brodeleghbrok<\/em>, meaning \u2018a broad clearing by a brook\u2019, from the Old English br<\/em>\u0101d <\/em>(\u2018broad, wide\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (clearing\u2019) + br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em> (\u2018brook, stream\u2019), which describes its position on a small tributary of the Spodden<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROAD MILLS HERITAGE SITE <\/strong>is a visitors\u2019 attraction in Broadbottom<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It occupies the site of Broadbottom Mills, a large textile mill originally built in 1802-1824.\u00a0 The name was changed to Broad Mills<\/em> in the early 1900s.\u00a0 Much of the mill was destroyed by fire in 1949 and the site was purchased by the council in the 1980s to develop as a tourist attraction.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROAD OAK<\/strong> is an area of Worsley<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong> that also gives its name to Broadoak Park.\u00a0 There are several places named Broad Oak in Greater Manchester and Lancashire, all deriving their names from the Old English br<\/em>\u0101d <\/em>(\u2018broad, wide\u2019) + \u0101c <\/em>(\u2018oak\u2019).\u00a0 The name literally means \u2018broad oak\u2019 but may be a reference to a particularly prominent oak tree that marked a boundary.\u00a0 Broadoak Park was originally the estate of Westwood Park<\/strong> and is now used as Worsley Golf Course.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROADSTONE CLOUGH <\/strong>is a valley north-east of Pobgreen<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 A stream rises on Broadstone Hill on Broadstone Moss and flows west through the clough to join Wickens Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1272 as Brodeston<\/em>, meaning quite literally \u2019broad or large stones\u2019 from Old English br<\/em>\u0101d<\/em> + st\u0101n<\/em>.\u00a0 Clough <\/em>means \u2018deep valley, ravine\u2019 from Old English cl\u014dh<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROADWAY <\/strong>is a Metrolink tram stop in Eccles<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened on 6 December 1999 and is named after a nearby road.\u00a0 The name of the road is recorded at least as far back as 1871.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROCSTEDES<\/strong> was one of the hamlets that made up Ashton-in-Makerfield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> but today it survives as the name of the ground of Ashton Athletic Football Club.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the first half of the 19th<\/sup> century, when cottages were built which were recorded on the first edition of the Ordnance Survey maps.\u00a0 The meaning would seem to be \u2018pastures beside a brook\u2019, perhaps referring to Down Brook or one of its tributaries flowing from the north.\u00a0 The name is derived from Old English br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em> (\u2018brook, stream\u2019) + stede<\/em> (\u2018pasture, farmstead\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROMLEY CROSS<\/strong> in a village in Bradshaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 This is an eponym, the name coming from the Bromley <\/em>or Bromiley<\/em> family, who were landowners in the area since the 16th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The village developed in the 19th<\/sup> century but the name is older as the cross which is included in the name has long since disappeared.\u00a0 The family name would have originated from another Bromley<\/em>, meaning \u2018wood or clearing where broom wood grows\u2019 from the Old English br\u014dm <\/em>+ l\u0113ah.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROOK BOTTOM <\/strong>or BROOKBOTTOM <\/strong>is a residential area to the west of Mossley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, sometimes known as Top Mossley.\u00a0 The name clearly means \u2018the settlement in the bottom of a valley of a brook\u2019 and is recorded in 1755.\u00a0 Today the brook, a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong>, is partially culverted but it is of historical importance as it formerly marked the boundary between Lancashire<\/strong> and Yorkshire<\/strong>, and for this reason it is (or was) sometimes referred to as the County Brook<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROOK BOTTOM BROOK <\/strong>is a stream which rises as New Gate Brook on the West Pennine<\/strong> Moors in Lancashire <\/strong>and becomes Brook Bottom Brook as it flows west into the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> in Greater Manchester<\/strong>. It then continues west to join Dearden Brook and meet the River Irwell<\/strong> in Chatterton in Lancashire.\u00a0 The somewhat odd name may be derived from a settlement in the bottom<\/em> of the valley of an originally-unnamed brook<\/em>, which was later named Brook Bottom Brook by cartographers.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROOKDALE PARK<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0There are several places in Greater Manchester <\/strong>called Brookdale<\/em>, all meaning \u2018stream valley\u2019 from Old English br<\/em>\u014dc <\/em>(\u2018brook, stream\u2019) + d<\/em>\u00e6l <\/em>(\u2018valley, hollow\u2019).\u00a0 Brookdale Park in Newton Heath<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong> was originally developed as a personal estate beside the River Medlock<\/strong> by John Taylor JP in the mid-19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The estate was purchased by Manchester Corporation in 1900 and converted into an 18-hectare public park, opened in 1904.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROOK GREEN<\/strong> is a residential area of Gorton<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name seems to have originated in the 16th<\/sup> century when marshland beside Gore Brook<\/strong> was converted into a green<\/em>, i.e. a farm or small estate.\u00a0 During the 19th<\/sup> century the area became more industrial, particularly with the opening of two railway works in Gorton in 1848 and 1855.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROOKHEYS NATURE RESERVE <\/strong>is a 2.35-hectare woodland and area of special scientific interest north of Dunham Massey <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Brookheys Farm<\/strong>, which is recorded in the area in 1829.\u00a0 The name means \u2018enclosures by a brook\u2019, from the Old English br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em> (\u2018brook, stream\u2019) + hege<\/em> or h<\/em>\u00e6g<\/em>, meaning \u2018enclosure, hedge or hay\u2019, probably referring to Sinderland<\/strong> Brook.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROOKLANDS<\/strong> is an area of Sale <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>, approximately 9 kilometres south-west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 Brooklands is an eponym, named after Samuel Brooks <\/em>(1793-1864), who purchased land in the area in 1856.\u00a0 The name was unofficial at first but was standardised when the Manchester South Junction & Altrincham Railway opened a station named Brooklands on 1 December 1859.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROOKSBOTTOMS <\/strong>is a residential location in Summerseat<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It lies on the north bank of the River Irwell<\/strong> at the point where the Irwell flows out of Gollinrod<\/strong> Gorge and where, a little downstream, Holcombe Brook<\/strong> meets the Irwell.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1773 in reference to Brooksbottoms <\/em>Mill, but is almost certainly much older, and on some 19th<\/sup>-century maps it is spelled Brox Bottom<\/em>.\u00a0 It means \u2018the valley or bottom<\/em> of one or more brooks<\/em>\u2019, referring to the Irwell and\/or Holcombe Brook.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROOMWOOD <\/strong>is a residential area south of Timperley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> built by Altrincham<\/strong> Borough Council in the early 1950s.\u00a0 I can find no record of the name in this area prior to 1949 and it appears to be \u201cmock Anglo-Saxon\u201d \u2013 created from the Old English br<\/em>\u014dm<\/em> (\u2018broomwood) + wudu <\/em>(\u2018wood\u2019) \u2013 to suggest that it was an ancient wooded settlement.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROUGHTON <\/strong>is a suburb of the City of Salford <\/strong>on the east bank of the River Irwell<\/strong>, approximately 1.5 kilometres north-west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 There are several places called Broughton<\/strong> in Britain and the origins of the name may be different and hard to distinguish.\u00a0 The name is first recorded at this location in 1177 as Burton<\/em>, but the spelling Brughton<\/em> was in use by the 16th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It is usually said to mean \u2018fortified village\u2019 from Old English burh <\/em>(\u2018fortified place, stronghold\u2019) + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018village, estate\u2019).\u00a0 There are several places called Broughton in England, including at least four in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 All of these are usually said to mean \u2018the settlement (t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>) by a stream (br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em>)\u2019, but this derivation is thought not to apply to Broughton in Salford.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROWNHOUSE WHAM RESERVOIR <\/strong>was built in the 1860s to supply water to Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes it name from a house, probably a farmhouse, called Brownhouse<\/em> in the area before it was built.\u00a0 Brownhouse is said to mean \u2018house on a round hill\u2019, from the Celtic bron<\/em>.\u00a0 Wham<\/em> is a small valley, especially a boggy hollow, from the Old Norse hwam<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROWNLEY GREEN <\/strong>is an area of Wythenshawe <\/strong>in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1260 as Brumleg<\/em>, meaning \u2018wood or clearing where broom wood grows\u2019 from the Old English br\u014dm <\/em>+ l\u0113ah.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROWNLOW <\/strong>is a rural, wooded area of the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, south-west of Wigan itself.\u00a0 There are several places called Brownlow in north-west England, none of them well documented.\u00a0 A school was built in Brownlow in Wigan in 1672 but the area was probably named long before that date.\u00a0 It means \u2018brown hill\u2019 from the Old English br<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> + hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em> (\u2018hill, mound\u2019).\u00a0 Brownlow is close to Billinge<\/strong> Hill, which is 179 metres high.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROWNLOW FOLD <\/strong>is a residential area of the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, north-west of Bolton town centre.\u00a0 The name dates from the early 17th <\/sup>century when the land was owned by the Brownlow <\/em>family, the same family that owned Hall i\u2019 th\u2019 Wood.<\/strong> Fold<\/em> refers to a small group of cottages and farm buildings.\u00a0 In the 19th<\/sup> century the name became applied to a broader area as the neighbourhood expanded around a colliery and brickworks.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRUN BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises east of Harrop Ridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows south-west through Brun Clough to join Diggle<\/strong> Brook, which then flows south to meet the Tame.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1724 and is thought to derive from either Old Norse br<\/em>\u00fan<\/em>, meaning \u2018moor\u2019, or bruni<\/em>, \u2018a place cleared by burning\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRUNSWICK<\/strong> is a district in the City of Manchester<\/strong>, south of the city centre.\u00a0 It takes its name from Brunswick Street<\/em> (now Brunswick Park), which lies a little to the north and was laid out in the 1880s with the expansion of the campus of the University of Manchester.\u00a0 Brunswick is the anglicised version of the city of Braunschweig<\/em> (\u2018Bruno\u2019s settlement\u2019) in northern Germany.\u00a0\u00a0 German influence in the city and the university was very strong at this time and the first use of this name was Brunswick Mill in Ancoats<\/strong>, which was completed in 1840.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRUNTWOOD PARK<\/strong> is a 40-hectare public park in Cheadle<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name dates from 1860, when John Douglas, a Bradford wool merchant, purchased land in the area and laid out an estate and hall which he named Bruntwood, apparently celebrating his wife\u2019s Scottish home in Bruntwood <\/em>in Ayrshire.\u00a0 The local authority purchased the estate in 1944, using the hall as Cheadle and Gatley town hall and opening the grounds to the public as Bruntwood Park.\u00a0 The original name is thought to mean \u2018burnt wood\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRUSHES <\/strong>is a residential area to the east of Stalybridge <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> with housing estates developed between 1929 and 1939.\u00a0 It also gives its name to Brushes Reservoir, one of four built locally in the 19th<\/sup> century, which was fed by Brushes Brook (formerly Leornardin Brook).\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1770 as Bruches<\/em>, meaning \u2018lands newly-cleared for cultivation\u2019, from the Old English bryce<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRYAN HEY RESERVOIR <\/strong>is a small reservoir north of Smithhills<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in about 1921 for the local population and textile mills but is now a fishing spot.\u00a0 It takes its name from the nearby Bryan Hey Farm<\/em>, which is recorded in the late 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name seems to be a forename eponym:\u00a0 \u2018the enclosed or hedged enclosure (Old English h<\/em>\u00e6g<\/em>) belonging to someone called Bryan<\/em>\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRYN<\/strong> is a suburb of Ashton-in-Makerfield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1212 as Burnal<\/em>, meaning \u2018scorched land\u2019, perhaps land cleared by burning the surrounding forest, from the Old English bryne<\/em> (\u2018burning, fire\u2019).\u00a0 Other sources suggest the name may be Celtic or Welsh in origin from bryn<\/em> meaning \u2018hill\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRYN GATES<\/strong> is a village and airfield north-east of Ashton-in-Makerfield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but Bryn Gates sits on the Bolton Road and it has been suggested that the name refers to turnpike gates on the road between Bolton<\/strong> and Bryn<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRYN MARSH AND INCE MOSS <\/strong>is a 20.5-hectare water and wetland area of special scientific interest 3 kilometres south-east of Wigan <\/strong>that forms one of the seven sites of Wigan Flashes Nature Reserve<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area was formed at the turn of the 20th<\/sup> century by subsidence caused by coal mining companies such as Bryn<\/em><\/strong> Hall and Ince<\/em><\/strong> Moss collieries.\u00a0 Mining came to an end in the 1960s and the area was set aside for conservation in 1989, becoming part of the Wigan Flashes Nature Reserve in 2022.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BUCKLEY\u00a0<\/strong>is a suburb on the north-eastern edge of Rochdale<\/strong> beside Buckley Brook, a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1246 as Bukele<\/em> and is usually said to mean \u2018the clearing or meadow of the bucks\u2019, from Old English bucca<\/em> (\u2018he-goat\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018clearing, meadow\u2019).\u00a0 However, it has also been suggested that the name could be taken from Buckley<\/em> family, who were resident in the area in the Norman period.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BUCKLEY WELLS <\/strong>is a suburb on the south-western edge of Bury<\/strong>, east of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears on the tithe map of 1837 and again in 1856, when the East Lancashire Railway built a locomotive works there.\u00a0 The name is probably an eponym, meaning \u2018the place where there are wells or springs on land belonging to someone called Buckley<\/em>\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BUCKLEY WOOD <\/strong>is a location north of Chadderton<\/strong> and the River Irk<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name first appears on the Ordnance Survey maps of the 1880s and probably refers to a wooded<\/em> area belonging to the Buckley <\/em>family, whose name appears as landowners on 19th<\/sup>-century tithe maps.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BUCKLOW<\/strong> is a residential area that was split in 1974 between Cheshire<\/strong> and the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> in Greater Manchester<\/strong>. \u00a0Bucklow was one of the 12 ancient hundreds of Cheshire and is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Bochelau Hd <\/em>with a value of 18 hides, 6 virgates and 7 bovates.\u00a0 The settlement of Bucklow is recorded in 1240 as Boclou <\/em>and various suggestions have been made for its origin: \u2018beech hill\u2019 from Old English bece<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018beech-tree\u2019) + hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em> (\u2018mound\u2019); \u2018buck\u2019s hill\u2019 from bucca<\/em> (\u2018he-goat\u2019) + hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em>; or \u2018Bucca\u2019s hill\u2019 from an Anglo-Saxon personal name + hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BUCKTON CASTLE <\/strong>was a Norman castle north-east of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside <\/strong>atop Buckton Hill, overlooking Buckton Moor and the Tame<\/strong> valley.\u00a0 It was probably built and then demolished in the 12th<\/sup> century, and nothing is visible today but the thick sandstone foundations have been excavated.\u00a0 The name means \u2018buck valley\u2019 from Old English bucca<\/em> (\u2018buck\u2019) + denu<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BUERSILL <\/strong>is a residential area in eastern Castleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1228 as Brideshull<\/em>, meaning \u2018Bridd\u2019s<\/em> hill\u2019, from an Anglo-Saxon personal name + hyll<\/em>, referring to its position at the foot of a hill.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BUILE HILL PARK <\/strong>is a 35-hectare public park in Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The present park combines several earlier parks and estates:\u00a0 Seedley <\/strong>Park (opened in 1876), Buile Hill Mansion (opened in 1903), Springfield Villa (1927) and Hart Hill House (opened in 1938).\u00a0 The park includes Buile Hill House, originally built in 1827 as the home of Sir Thomas Potter, the first Lord Mayor of Manchester<\/strong> and co-founder of the Manchester Guardian<\/em>, and now awaiting restoration.\u00a0 The name Buile Hill is not well documented before 1598, but it is likely that it is an eponym.\u00a0 The family name of Buile<\/em> means \u2018dweller among the birch trees\u2019 and originated in France, but no one with this family name has been traced in the Salford area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BULL HEY <\/strong>is a residential and recreational area of Wigan<\/strong> north of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is little-documented before a mention of Bull Hey Cottages<\/em> before 1870 and so the origin and meaning are uncertain.\u00a0 One possibility is that the name is taken directly from the Old English bula<\/em> (\u2018bull\u2019) + h<\/em>\u00e6g <\/em>(\u2018enclosure\u2019), meaning \u2018an enclosure for bulls\u2019 or \u2018an enclosure owned by someone keeping bulls\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BULLOCK SMITHY<\/strong> was the original name for what is now Hazel Grove<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 In 1560 a certain Richard Bullock<\/em> leased some land from a Richard Torkington to establish a smithy, and the area became known as Bullock\u2019s Smithy<\/em>.\u00a0 The village acquired a bad reputation, known for gambling, cock-fighting and dog and bull baiting, so that John Wesley described it as \u2018One of the most famous villages in the country for all manner of wickedness’.\u00a0 In 1835 the villagers decided to change the name to the more aspirational Hazel Grove<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BUNKER HILL, Rochdale <\/strong>and BUNKERS HILL, Stockport\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>There are hills across England named Bunker Hill, Bunkers Hill or Bunker\u2019s Hill, all believed to commemorate the costly British victory at the Battle of Bunker Hill<\/em> in 1775 during the American War of Independence.\u00a0 Bunker Hill in Massachusetts is named after George Bunker<\/em>, a settler from Bedfordshire who was given the land in 1634.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BURNAGE<\/strong> is a suburb of the City of Mancheste<\/strong>r roughly 6.5 kilometres south of the city centre.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1322 as Bronage<\/em> and Brownegg<\/em>, thought to mean \u2018brown (Old English br<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>) hedges (hegge<\/em>)\u2019, although these may in fact have been brown stone walls.\u00a0 It remained a rural village throughout the 19th<\/sup> century and in 1894 George Bernard Shaw described Burnage as the prettiest village in Manchester.\u00a0 There was some industrialisation in the early 20th<\/sup> century and the opening of Burnage station by the London & North Western Railway in 1910 led to suburban development.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BURNDEN<\/strong> is a suburb of Bolton <\/strong>about 2 kilometres south-east of the town centre.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1285 as Bornden<\/em>, meaning \u2018the valley where the stream flows\u2019 from the Old English burna<\/em>– (\u2018brook\u2019) + -denu<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019).\u00a0 The stream is Burnden Brook, a tributary of the River Croal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The Bolton Wanderers\u2019 football stadium was built in Burnden in 1894 but was moved to the Toughsheet<\/strong> Stadium in 1997.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BURNEDGE<\/strong> is a residential area south-east of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Brynege<\/em> in 1609 and means \u2018burnt edge\u2019, from Old English brende<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a burnt place, a place destroyed or cleared by burning\u2019) + ecg<\/em> (\u2018edge; the edge of a hill, an escarpment\u2019), referring to its position above Sudden<\/strong> Brook.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BURNLEY BROW <\/strong>is a residential area of Oldham<\/strong>, north of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is not well documented and it is not clear why it is called Burnley.\u00a0 It is close to Burnley Lane<\/em>, but this does not lead to Burnley in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Of course, many roads are given names of places that have little relationship to the place after which they are named:\u00a0 \u201cYou must understand that an English town is a vast conspiracy to mislead foreigners\u201d (George Mikes).\u00a0 Burnley means \u2018clearing beside the River Brun\u2019, from Old English Brun<\/em> (probably from br<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> meaning \u2018brown\u2019) + l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BURRS COUNTRY PARK<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0 <\/strong>is a 36-hectare public park on the River Irwell<\/strong> north of Bury<\/strong> town centre.\u00a0 Textile mills were built at Burrs from 1792 and the last was demolished in 1982.\u00a0 In 1986 the area was purchased by the Metropolitan Borough of Bury and converted into a country park.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but comes from the Old English burh<\/em>\u00a0meaning \u2018a fortified place\u2019, referring to a late Iron Age fort dating from the 5th<\/sup> century BC that was occupied by the Romans and, later, the Anglo-Saxons, who gave it its present name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BURTON ROAD<\/strong> is a Metrolink tram stop in West Didsbury<\/strong> in south Manchester<\/strong> opened on 23 May 2013 and named after the Victorian street it is located on, which probably took its name from the earlier Burton<\/em> Farm.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BURY <\/strong>is a town, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>, on a finger of land between the rivers Irwell<\/strong> and Roch<\/strong> about 14.5 kilometres north-north-west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 It became a metropolitan borough with the creation of Greater Manchester<\/strong> in 1974.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1194 as Biri<\/em> and with its modern spelling in about 1190.\u00a0 It means \u2018at the fort\u2019, from the Old English burg<\/em>, although it is not known which fortification is referred to.\u00a0 Bury gives its name to Bury in Quebec, Canada.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BUSK<\/strong> is a residential area in Chadderton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the construction of the Busk cotton mill in 1847, but would seem be much older.\u00a0 It may possibly derive from the Old Norse buskr<\/em> or the Old English busc<\/em>, both meaning \u2018a bush, a shrub\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BUTLER GREEN <\/strong>is a residential area of Chadderton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, also known as Washbrook<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1863, when the Butler Green<\/em> Cotton Mill was erected by the Butler Green Cotton Spinning Company of Chadderton, suggesting that the village took its name from that of the company.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BUTTERHOUSE GREEN <\/strong>was a hamlet on the border between Bredbury<\/strong> and Woodley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is thought to date from 1348, when it is recorded as Buterales<\/em>, meaning \u2018butter nook\u2019, from Old English butere<\/em> + halh<\/em>.\u00a0 A map of 1710 shows five coal pits in the area called The Great Buteras and the modern name was in use by the end of the 18th<\/sup> century when the Butterhouse Green Tunnel was completed on the Peak Forest Canal.\u00a0 The name does not appear on modern maps.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BUTTERWORTH<\/strong> HALL<\/strong> is a suburb in south-eastern Rochdale<\/strong> that was originally a hamlet east of Milnrow.<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0Butterworth Hall was built in the reign of King Stephen (1135-54) and is recorded in 1235 as Buterworth<\/em>, meaning \u2018butter or dairy farm\u2019, from Old English butere<\/em> (\u2018butter\u2019) + worth<\/em> (\u2018homestead, enclosure\u2019).\u00a0 However, it is recorded as Buckworth<\/em> (Old English bucc<\/em>, meaning \u2018buck, stag\u2019) in the early 14th<\/sup> century and the Butterworth family prefer to derive the name from Old English butta<\/em> (\u2018mound, hill\u2019).\u00a0 The hamlet gave its name to Butterworth Hall Brook, a 2-kilometre stream which flows into the River Beal<\/strong> in Milnrow.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The BUTTS <\/strong>today is a commercial area in the centre of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is not well documented but in the 19th<\/sup> century it was an area on the north bank of the River Roch<\/strong> beside a ford across the river.\u00a0 It is believed to date from mediaeval times, when it was an area set aside for archery practice.\u00a0 The name comes from the middle English butt<\/em>, which was derived from the Anglo-French bouter<\/em>, meaning \u2018expel\u2019.\u00a0 The term originally meant the archery target itself but the meaning was extended to include an area used for archery, especially after a law of 1252 required every adult male to possess and become proficient in the use of a longbow.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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C<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CADISHEAD<\/strong> is a village in the City of Salford<\/strong> on the north bank of the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> near the confluence of the Glazebrook<\/strong> and Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1212 as Cadewalesate<\/em>.\u00a0 There have been various suggestions as to the origin and meaning of the name, the most common being that it means \u2018settlement or pasture (Old English –set<\/em>) by the stream (-waella<\/em>-) of someone called Cada\u2019<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CADSHAW BROOK, <\/strong>with Cadshaw Brook waterfall, is a stream running off Turton Moors and flowing into Turton<\/strong> and Entwistle Reservoir, and then into Wayoh Reservoir.\u00a0 It then becomes Bradshaw Brook<\/strong> and flows into the River Tonge<\/strong> in Leverhulme Park<\/strong> near Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 \u00a0Cadshaw Brook takes its name from the village of Cadshaw in Lancashire.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1200 as Cadeshoubroc<\/em> and evolved into Cadshawe <\/em>by 1617 \u2013 an eponym meaning \u2018Cada\u2019s copse\u2019, from an Anglo-Saxon personal name + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018small wood, copse\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CALAMANCO <\/strong>was an industrial area of Flixton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> that seems to have disappeared from the maps.\u00a0 The name originates from the water-powered Calamanco <\/em>logging mill, which seems to have been built beside the River Irwell<\/strong> in the late 17th<\/sup> or early 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The mill also produced a dye used in the production of calamanco<\/em>, a woollen fabric that was produced from the late 16th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The Mersey & Irwell<\/strong> Navigation<\/strong> built a lock at Calamanco in about 1721 and this remained in use until the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> was completed in 1893.\u00a0 The origin of the word calamanco is obscure:\u00a0 it first appears in English in 1598 and may come from the Spanish calamaco<\/em>, meaning \u2018worsted wool\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CALDER BANK <\/strong>or CALDERBANK<\/strong> is a residential and recreational area of Urmston<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Calderbank<\/em> Farm, which was established in about 1717 and thought to take its name from its position on the banks<\/em> of the Calder<\/em>, a reference to the nearby River Irwell<\/strong> derived from the Celtic caled<\/em>, meaning \u2018rapid stream\u2019.\u00a0 Part of the farm was developed into a housing estate in 1953.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CALDERBROOK<\/strong> is a village on the River Roch<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name of the village is first recorded in 1843 but it is found much earlier as the name of two rivers in Lancashire<\/strong>, and it has even been suggested that it is an older Celtic name for the River Roch.\u00a0 The origin is Celtic caled<\/em>, meaning \u2018rapid stream\u2019 + the later Old English –br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em>, meaning \u2018brook, stream\u2019.\u00a0 There are several examples of reduplication in the names in Greater Manchester<\/strong>, where a tautologous Old English element is added to an earlier Welsh or Celtic name, perhaps as an explanation for the original but forgotten meaning.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CALDERMOOR<\/strong> is a residential area in Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but the original hamlet of Caldermoor is known to have grown up in the 18th<\/sup> century around the Caldermoor <\/em>inn, which was built in 1755.\u00a0 Caldermoor is in the valley of the River Roch <\/strong>and takes its name from the Celtic caled<\/em>, meaning \u2018rapid stream\u2019, which is thought to be the ancient name for the Roch.\u00a0 The addition of moor<\/em> refers to its position on the edge of the moors<\/em> north-east of Greater Manchester<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CALDERSHAW<\/strong> is a residential area on the north-western edge of Rochdale<\/strong> on the River Spodden <\/strong>before its confluence with the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but would seem to mean \u2018copse in the valley\u2019 referring to its position on Caldershaw Brook, which rises south of Caldershaw and flows north-east to empty into the Spodden north-west of the town centre.\u00a0 The Spodden is a tributary of the Roch, which is believed to have been called the Calder<\/em>, from the Celtic caled<\/em>, meaning \u2018rapid stream\u2019.\u00a0 Shaw<\/em> comes from the Old English sceaga<\/em>,\u00a0meaning \u2018a small wood\u2019.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

CALDWELL BROOK<\/strong> is a stream that rises west of Broadheath<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> and flows northward to join Sinderland<\/strong> Brook just below Covershaw Bridge<\/strong> to form Red Brook<\/strong>, which then drains into the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is shown on the Ordnance Survey map of 1842 and means \u2019cold stream\u2019, from Old English cald<\/em> (\u2018cold\u2019) + wella<\/em> (\u2018stream, spring\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CALE GREEN<\/strong> is a residential area in the south Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 At the beginning of the 19th<\/sup> century the area was occupied by Cale Green Farm, although little is known about the owner, John Cale<\/em>.\u00a0 There appears to have been some industrial development as it is known that William Carrington & Co., hat manufacturers, were operating in the area by 1800.\u00a0 The farm was purchased in 1883 and this, combined with the opening of the nearby station at Davenport<\/strong> in 1858, appears to have led to more urban development.\u00a0 Lacrosse and cricket grounds were created in the 1880s and Cale Green Park was opened to the public in 1894 (or 1902 \u2013 sources differ) as the second public park in Stockport.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CALICO BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Douglas<\/strong> that rises in Shevington<\/strong> Vale in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and flows westward to join the Douglas in Appley Bridge in Lancashire.\u00a0 \u00a0The origin of the name is uncertain.\u00a0 One suggestion is that it was called Quitebrok (meaning \u2018White Brook\u2019) in the 14th<\/sup> century but this was changed to Calico Brook, perhaps in the 18th<\/sup> century, with the development of the local calico<\/em> weaving cottage industry, which is also reflected in other places nearby \u2013 Calico Woods, Calico Farm and Calico Cottage.\u00a0 Calico<\/em> is first recorded in English in 1540 and is derived from the city of Kozhikode<\/em> on the west coast of India, an eponymous Tamil name meaning \u2018the Fort of Kalliai\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CAMPFIELD<\/strong> is a former name for Castlefield<\/strong>, along Liverpool Road<\/strong> in the St John\u2019s<\/strong> area of the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is said that it was originally a field<\/em> used as a camp<\/em> for Roman troops and it was used as such during the Civil War and during the Jacobite incursion into England in 1745-1746.\u00a0 At the start of the 19th<\/sup> century, it was used for open-air fairs and markets but two covered market halls were built in the 1870s.\u00a0 The Lower Campfield Market Hall was converted into the Manchester Air and Space Museum in the 1980s, but this was closed in 2021 and both halls have now been repurposed as an innovation centre.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CAPPER BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises south-west of Pobgreen<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows north-west to meet Royle Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 The two then become Pickhill Brook<\/strong>, which flows west to empty into the Tame in Uppermill<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name and derivation are not well documented, but one possibility is that it is named after a local family called Capper<\/em>, who may originally have been capmakers<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CAPTAIN FOLD <\/strong>or CAPTAIN\u2019S FOLD<\/strong> is an urban district of Hopwood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but seems to be from the Captain Fold Colliery<\/em>, which was owned by the Heywood Coal Company and operated between 1842 and 1854.\u00a0 The premises had been acquired by the Atkinson rope manufacturers by 1880.\u00a0 It is unlikely that it refers to a naval or military man with the personal name of Fold<\/em>.\u00a0 It is more likely that \u2018fold\u2019 refers to part of a farm or a small community.\u00a0 Local records suggest that Captain Fold was once called Captain Hardman\u2019s Fold, but it is not known who Captain Hardman was.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CARR <\/strong>is an area north of Diggle<\/strong> and Harrop Green<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1736 and is probably derived from the Old Norse kjarr<\/em>, meaning \u2018boggy area covered with dense undergrowth\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CARR BANK <\/strong>is a residential area of Walmersley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> west of Pigs Lee Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears on the Ordnance Survey map of 1891-93 and probably means \u2018a slope (Old Norse\/Old English banke<\/em>) beside or above a marsh (kjarr<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CARR BROOK <\/strong>and CARR WOOD, Bramhall.<\/strong>\u00a0 Carr Brook is a short stream that rises in Bramhall <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It flows north-east through Carr Wood and joins Lady Brook<\/strong> in Bramhall Park<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1842 and is usually said to derive from the Old Norse kjarr<\/em> or Middle English ker<\/em>,\u00a0meaning \u2018marsh overgrown with brushwood\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CARRBROOK<\/strong> is a village east of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The development of Carrbrook as a village began with the building of Carr Mill in 1799, both mill and village taking their names from Carr Brook<\/em> (a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong>) beside which they sit.\u00a0 The name is likely to have come from the Old English carr<\/em>, meaning \u2018rock\u2019, hence \u2018the rocky stream\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CARRINGTON<\/strong> is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1154 as Carrintona<\/em> but it is found with its modern spelling from the early 13th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The derivation is uncertain.\u00a0 It is usually said to mean \u2018the estate of someone called Cara<\/em>\u2019, from the Old English personal name + -inga-<\/em> (\u2018belonging to\u2019) + –t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018estate\u2019) but other suggestions are that the name may come from the Old English caring<\/em>, meaning \u2018tending, caring\u2019, c<\/em>\u01e3ring<\/em>, meaning \u2018river bend\u2019, or carr<\/em>, \u2018rocky place\u2019.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

CARVER THEATRE <\/strong>is a small theatre in Marple <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was founded in 1906 as the Marple Drama Society and later moved to the Carver Institute, a community centre built by Thomas Carver <\/em>(1831-1903), a local mill owner and benefactor.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CASTLEFIELD<\/strong>\u00a0is an inner-city\u00a0urban-heritage site in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 It was the site of the Roman fort of Mancunium<\/strong> from about AD 79 but acquired its English name of Castle-in-the-field<\/em> by the Middle Ages.\u00a0 It developed into the industrial area of Castlefield when it became the terminus for the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong> in 1764 and the Liverpool Road<\/strong> terminus of the Liverpool & Manchester Railway in 1830.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CASTLE HALL <\/strong>is residential area east of Dukinfield<\/strong> and close to Cheetham Park<\/strong> and the River Tame<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Castle Hall<\/em>, an Elizabethan-style \u2018castellated<\/em> mansion\u2019 built by Sir William Dukinfield-Daniel (1725-1758).\u00a0 The hall was demolished in 1861 and the area became more urbanised as agricultural workers and immigrants sought work in the area\u2019s textile mills.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CASTLE HILL, Bolton<\/strong> is in south Bradshaw<\/strong> overlooking Bradshaw Brook<\/strong>, north-east of Bolton town centre.\u00a0 Despite its name, there is not and probably never has been a castle<\/em> on the site, and neither is it possible to see any castle from the top \u2013 Bolton Castle in about 130 kilometres to the north-north-east in Yorkshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The origin of the name is usually said to be a mystery, but we might note that the official seal of Bolton, dating from 1799, and the coat of arms of 1890 both included an elephant with a castle on its back.\u00a0 This is said to commemorate a mediaeval link with the Diocese of Mercia<\/strong>, which had its seat in Coventry.\u00a0 The coat of arms of Coventry, granted in 1345, similarly includes an elephant and castle, the castle perhaps one originally built in 1137-43, but destroyed before the end of the 12th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CASTLE HILL, Bowdon\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> WATCH HILL CASTLE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CASTLE HILL, Stockport <\/strong>is the site east of the town centre of Stockport<\/strong> Castle.\u00a0 It is believed it was built between 1135 and 1154, and is recorded as Castellum de Stokeporta<\/em> in 1173 and as Castelhull<\/em> in 1355.\u00a0 It was in ruins by 1535 and demolished in 1775.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CASTLESHAW <\/strong>or CASTLE SHAW <\/strong>is a small village in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> which was formerly in the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded as Castlyshaw<\/em> in 1544 and with its modern spelling in 1581.\u00a0 The name means \u2018the fort or castle near a copse\u2019 from the Old English castel<\/em> + sceaga<\/em>.\u00a0 The fort refers to a Roman fortress built in about AD 79 AD the Roman road from Chester and Manchester<\/strong> to York.\u00a0 The village lends its name to Castleshaw Upper and Lower Reservoirs, which were built in 1887-91 to supply water to Oldham.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CASTLE SHORE BROOK, CASTLE SHORE CLOUGH <\/strong>and CASTLE SHORE HILL <\/strong>are all features in the north-east of the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and are believed to have originated as misspellings of Castle Shaw<\/strong>, the Roman camp and settlement which lies some way to the south-east.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CASTLETON<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> on the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1246 as Castelton<\/em>, literally meaning \u2018settlement by a castle\u2019.\u00a0 This is believed to refer to a Saxon castle beside the River Roch.\u00a0 The settlement was originally Blue Pits Village<\/strong> and the name \u2018Castleton\u2019 was not adopted until 1875, when it became an urban district council.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CATLEY LANE<\/strong> HEAD<\/strong> is a village in Spotland<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, north-west of Rochdale itself.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1418 as Catcloghgate<\/em>, apparently meaning \u2018wild-cat valley road\u2019, from Old English catt<\/em> + cl<\/em>\u014dh <\/em>(\u2018valley\u2019) + Old Norse gate<\/em> (\u2018street, road\u2019), referring to a mediaeval route between Rochdale and Whalley<\/strong> Abbey in Lancashire, also known as Rooley Moor<\/strong> Road. The name had been rationalised to Catley Lane by 1597.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

CENTRAL STATION\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> GMEX<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHADDERTON<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> about 10 kilometres north-east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1200 as Chaderton<\/em> and is said to mean \u2018farm by the hill called Cadeir\u2019.\u00a0 Cader<\/em> is a Celtic word meaning \u2018chair or hill\u2019, with the Old English -t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018farmstead, village\u2019).\u00a0 This may be a reference to the nearby hill Hanging Chadder<\/strong>, which is about 250 metres high.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHADKIRK<\/strong> is an area on the River Goyt<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport <\/strong>that also gives its name to a 24-hectare country park and nature reserve.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1306 as Chaddekirke<\/em> in reference to the current Chadkirk chapel.\u00a0 The name means \u2018St Chad\u2019s<\/strong> church\u2019, referring to the 7th<\/sup>-century Bishop of Lichfield in Mercia<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHADWICK<\/strong> is a village about 3 kilometres west of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in about 1180 as Chaddewyk<\/em>, meaning \u2018the w<\/em>\u012bc<\/em> (village) of Ceadda<\/em>, who is thought to be St Chad\u2019.\u00a0 Chad<\/em> was a 7th<\/sup>-century Anglo-Saxon monk and Bishop of Lichfield in Mercia<\/strong>, and it is claimed that the original church on this site was dedicated to St Chad in AD 673, the year after his death.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHAIN BAR <\/strong>is residential and recreational area in Moston<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>, north-east of the city centre.\u00a0 It is not well documented but the name is found elsewhere in England and suggests that it was once a chained<\/em> toll bar<\/em> on one of the turnpike roads between Manchester and Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 Turnpike trusts were established in the area in the 18th<\/sup> and early 19th<\/sup> centuries but were largely abolished in the late 19th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHAMBERHALL <\/strong>is an industrial estate in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>, north-west of the town centre, opened in 2020.\u00a0 The site takes its name from Chamber Hall<\/em>, a three-storey country house dating from 1611, where Sir Robert Peel<\/strong> was born in 1788.\u00a0 The house was demolished in 1909 or 1911 (sources differ) and an electricity power station was built on the site.\u00a0 The power station was closed down in 1969 and the site was later developed as a business park.\u00a0 \u2018Chamber Hall\u2019 is the name of several country houses across the region.\u00a0 The name is thought to mean either a house with a large chamber<\/em> which can be used for official functions, or a multi-storeyed building with bed-chambers<\/em> on the upper floors.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHANTERS BROOK<\/strong> is a tributary of Glaze Brook\/River Glaze<\/strong> which rises south of Atherton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and flows south-east to meet Hindsford<\/strong> Brook, which then flows west and ultimately joins Glaze Brook.\u00a0 The name comes from the chantry<\/em> (a small chapel where monks or priests would chant<\/em>), which was established in 1360.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHAPELFIELD NATURE RESERVE <\/strong>is a 5.5-hectare local nature reserve in Radcliffe<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The original chapel<\/em> is believed to be that of the Stand Lane Independent (later Congregational and now United Reform Church) chapel built in 1792 and the area had become known as Chapelfield by the end of the 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 In 1915, the Radcliffe Paper Mill was established in Chapelfield and after this was closed down in 1998 the site was converted into the nature reserve.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHAPELFIELDS <\/strong>is a residential area in east Hindley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name means literally \u2018chapel in the fields\u2019 and originated from Hindley Chapel<\/em>, a Presbyterian chapel built in 1641 on land donated by George Green.\u00a0 The chapel passed to the Anglican Church in 1698 and was replaced in 1766.\u00a0 In 1878 it became All Saints Church.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHARLESTOWN, Manchester <\/strong>is a residential area in Blackley<\/strong> about 8 kilometres north of the city centre close to Boggart Hole Clough<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1818-19 and is probably named after Charles<\/em> Booth, a member of a prominent landowning family.\u00a0 An earlier member of the family, Humphrey Booth, had built Booth Hall in Blackley in 1639-40.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHARLESTOWN, Salford<\/strong> is a residential area of the city close to the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented and is said to be a 19th<\/sup>-century name for an area that had various names.\u00a0 It is believed that it is named after someone called Charles<\/em>, but it is not known who this was.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

CHARLESTOWN, Stockport<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> WOODSMOOR <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHASSEN PARK <\/strong>is a small public park with a miniature railway in Flixton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is officially known as Abbotsfield Park<\/strong> but is also known as Chassen Park.\u00a0 It takes this name from the adjacent Chassen Road.\u00a0 The road was originally called Abbots Lane, from a local family, but was changed to Penny Lane in about 1846.\u00a0 In about 1865 it was changed to Chassen Road, apparently from a local family, although no details can be traced.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHAT MOSS<\/strong> is a very large peat bog extending over some 28 square kilometres across the City of Salford<\/strong> and the Metropolitan Boroughs of Wigan<\/strong> and Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded as catemosse<\/em> in 1277 and Daniel Defoe was astounded when he first saw it in about 1727:\u00a0 \u2018the great bog or waste call\u2019d Chatmos<\/em>\u2026. The nature of these mosses, for we found there are many of them in this country\u2026 is indeed frightful to think of.\u2019\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Moss<\/em> is an Old English word meaning \u2018a bog, a swamp\u2019 and is widely used across the region. \u00a0Chat<\/em> is usually explained as the Celtic ced,<\/em> meaning \u2018wood\u2019, and Defoe noted that \u2018under this moss, or rather in the very body of it, \u2026 those antient fir trees are found\u2019.\u00a0 Alternatively, the root could be Old English ceat<\/em>\u00a0meaning \u2018a piece of wet ground\u2019 and, again, Defoe\u2019s description might support such a derivation:\u00a0 \u2018The surface \u2026 will bear neither horse or man, unless in an exceeding dry season.\u2019\u00a0 Other explanations are that Chat<\/em> is a personal name, either Old English Ceatta<\/em> or even St Chad<\/em>, the 7th<\/sup>-century Bishop of Lichfield in Mercia<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEADLE <\/strong>is a suburb or \u2018village\u2019 in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> that was previously part of Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Cheadle is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Cedde<\/em>, where there is \u2018woodland 1 league long and half wide, and an enclosure and a hawk\u2019s eyrie\u2019.\u00a0 The nameis a hybrid that comes from the Celtic c\u0113d<\/em>, meaning \u2018wood\u2019.\u00a0 Chedele<\/em> is recorded from 1197, with the Old English l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018clearing\u2019) added to the Celtic element.\u00a0 This may describe the clearing in the forest or it may be an explanation of the older Celtic element.\u00a0 It has also been suggested that the name may have been derived from St Chad, the 7th<\/sup>-century Bishop of Lichfield in Mercia<\/strong>, but this suggestion is usually discounted.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

CHEADLE HEATH<\/strong> is a suburb of the Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, about 3 kilometres west of the town centre.\u00a0 Originally part of Cheadle<\/strong>, it seems to have developed a separate name by 1367, when it was recorded as Schedleheth<\/em>, from a distorted rendering of Cheadle<\/em> + Old English h<\/em>\u01e3th<\/em> (\u2018uncultivated land\u2019).\u00a0 The modern spelling is found from 1831.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEADLE HULME<\/strong> is a village suburb in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, formerly part of Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Cheadle Hulme was originally part of Cheadle<\/strong>, which is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1).\u00a0 In the early 14th<\/sup> century, Cheadle seems to have split into two:\u00a0 the northern part remained as Cheadle and the southern part became Cheadle Moseley or Cheadle Hulme.\u00a0 The separate name is recorded in 1345 as Chedle Hulm<\/em>, with the modern spelling found from 1669.\u00a0 Cheadle is a hybrid:\u00a0 it comes from the Celtic c\u0113d<\/em>, meaning \u2018wood\u2019, + Old English l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018clearing\u2019).\u00a0 Hulme<\/em> is Old Danish and is related to Old Norse holmr<\/em>, meaning \u2018raised ground in a marsh\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEADLE ROYAL <\/strong>is a locality west of Cheadle<\/strong> town centre in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Cheadle Royal<\/em> Hospital, which was originally founded as the Manchester Lunatic Hospital in what is now Piccadilly Gardens<\/strong> in 1766.\u00a0 It received royal<\/em> sponsorship from King William IV in 1830 as part of Manchester Royal Infirmary, but was moved to Cheadle in 1850 and renamed Cheadle Royal Hospital in 1902.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEADLE SQUARE<\/strong> is a small public space close to the town hall in central Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was laid out in 1947 and named in honour of Frank Cheadle<\/em> (1885-1940), who, as mayor of Bolton in 1928-1929, campaigned for the area to be set aside as a public space rather than being given over to industrial use.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEESDEN <\/strong>is a moorland hamlet in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Chesden<\/em> in 1543 and is taken from the valley of the nearby Cheesden Brook<\/em>, meaning \u2018gravel valley\u2019, from the Old English cis<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018gravel\u2019) + denu <\/em>(\u2018valley\u2019).\u00a0 Cheesden Brook meanders south to meet Naden Brook, <\/strong>which flows into the River Roch<\/strong> near Heywood<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEETHAM<\/strong> and CHEETHAM HILL <\/strong>are neighbouring residential and light-industrial areas in the City of Manchester<\/strong>, north of the city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the late 12th<\/sup> century as Chetham<\/em>, meaning \u2018village by the wood called Chet\u2019, from the Celtic c\u0113d<\/em> (\u2018wood\u2019) + Old English h<\/em>\u0101m<\/em> (\u2018village, homestead\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEETHAM PARK<\/strong> is a 12-hectare public park in Stalybridge <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The land was formerly the estate of John Frederick Cheetham <\/em>(1835-1916), a mill owner and Stalybridge MP, and a relative, a Mrs Wimbush.\u00a0 The two estates were donated to the town of Stalybridge in 1931 and opened as a public park named after J F Cheetham in 1932 and Eastwood Nature Reserve<\/strong>, opened in 1931.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEETWOOD <\/strong>is a locality in Cheetham<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>, north of the city centre, that was first recorded as Chetewood<\/em> in 1489.\u00a0 It shares part of its name with Cheetham but wudu<\/em> (\u2018wood\u2019) has been added to the Celtic c\u0113d-<\/em> or c\u0113to-,<\/em> meaning \u2018forest\u2019, by way of explanation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHELBURN RESERVOIRS\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>There are two reservoirs \u2013 Upper and Lower Chelburn \u2013 in Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The Upper Chelburn was built in 1799-1801 and the Lower Chelburn in 1816 by damming Chelburn Brook <\/em>to supply water for the Rochdale Canal but they were purchased in 1923 by Rochdale and Oldham Corporation to provide drinking water.\u00a0 The derivation of Chelburn is uncertain \u2013 it could mean \u2018cool stream\u2019 or \u2018gravelly stream\u2019, either from Old English col<\/em> (\u2018cool\u2019) or cisel<\/em> (\u2018gravel\u2019) + burna<\/em> (\u2018stream\u2019).\u00a0 Chelburn is one of the few streams in Greater Manchester<\/strong> originally formed from burna <\/em>rather than br\u014dc<\/em>, so that Chelburn Brook is tautologous.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEQUERBENT<\/strong> is a village east of Westhoughton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1782, when reference is made to a coal mine in Chequerbent.\u00a0 The village is probably far older as the name is usually said to mean \u2018Ceacca<\/em>\u2019s moorland grass\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + beonet <\/em>(\u2018bent grass\u2019), referring to the coarse moorland grass found in the vicinity.\u00a0 An alternative possibility is that the first element comes from Old English ceacce<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a lump, applied to a hill\u2019).\u00a0 The name of the village was standardised by the Bolton & Leigh Railway, which opened a station called Chequerbent for Hulton Park on 11 June 1831.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

CHERRY CLOUGH <\/strong>is a rural area north-west of Denshaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded from 1750 and means \u2018cherry valley\u2019, from Middle English chery<\/em> or chiri<\/em> + clough<\/em>.\u00a0 Cherry Brook flows through Cherry Clough, joining Lumb Hole Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the River Tame.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHERRY TREE <\/strong>is a residential area of Romiley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was one of the hamlets of Romiley that was shown on the 1831 Ordnance Survey map.\u00a0 It takes its name from Cherry Tree<\/em> Farm, which was probably developed in the 1840s and named after a prominent cherry tree rather than a cherry orchard.\u00a0 The land was acquired by compulsory purchase after World War II and a housing estate was built in the early 1950s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHESHAM<\/strong> is a residential area of the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1429 as Chesum<\/em>, meaning \u2018gravelly place\u2019, from the Old English cis<\/em> (\u2018gravel, heap of stones\u2019) + h<\/em>\u0101m<\/em> (\u2018village, homestead\u2019).\u00a0 Another possibility is that it derives from the Celtic c\u0113d<\/em>, meaning \u2018wood\u2019.\u00a0 See also<\/em> FREETOWN<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

CHESHIRE<\/strong> is the county to the south of Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle of 980 as Legeceasterscir<\/em>, meaning \u2018shire of the fort of the legions\u2019,\u00a0but by the time of the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) it had been reduced to Cestrescir <\/em>(\u2018Chester-shire\u2019).\u00a0 Chester itself is derived from the Latin castra<\/em>, meaning \u2018camp or fort\u2019.\u00a0 The border between the counties of Cheshire and Lancashire<\/strong> was the River Mersey<\/strong> but the creation of Greater Manchester<\/strong> in 1974 moved the boundary south and parts of north-east Cheshire were moved into Greater Manchester – Altrincham<\/strong>, Dukinfield, Hyde, Stalybridge <\/strong>and Stockport<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHETHAM\u2019S LIBRARY<\/strong> is a free public reference library in central Manchester.<\/strong>\u00a0 The library, as well as a school, were established in 1653 through the will of Humphrey Chetham<\/em> (1580-1653), making it the oldest public reference library in the English-speaking world.\u00a0 In 1698 Celia Fiennes described it as \u2018a large Library 2 long walls full of books on each side; there is also the globes at the end and maps\u2019.\u00a0 Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx worked together in the library in 1845 and published \u2018The Communist Manifesto\u2019 in 1848.\u00a0 The desk they worked at is exhibited in the library.\u00a0 The school became Chetham\u2019s School of Music in 1969.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

CHEW BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1325 as Choo<\/strong>, meaning \u2018valley\u2019, from \u2018gap, fissure, cleft\u2019 and hence \u2018valley\u2019, from Old English c\u0113o<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019) + broc<\/em>\u2019.\u00a0 Chew Brook rises on the western slopes of Black Chew Head<\/strong> and then empties into Chew Reservoir, which was built in 1912, and joins the Tame in Greenfield.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEW MOOR<\/strong> is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong> that is first recorded as Chow More<\/em> in the 16th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name is said to derive either from the Old English c\u0113o<\/em>, meaning \u2018fissure\u2019 and hence \u2018valley\u2019, or the Chew<\/em> or Chow<\/em> family, who lived in the area in the 16th<\/sup> and 17th<\/sup> centuries, or perhaps the Cholle<\/em> family, who can be traced back to 1322.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u2018CHINA TOWN\u2019 <\/strong>is an area of central Manchester<\/strong> around Faulkner Street with many Chinese restaurants, shops and supermarkets.\u00a0 The term is widely used in cities across the world and dates back as far as 1606.\u00a0 Manchester\u2019s Chinatown<\/em> was a post-war development dating from the opening of the first Chinese restaurant, the Ping Hong, in 1948 and immigration mostly from Hong Kong in the 1950s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHORLTON-CUM-HARDY<\/strong> is a suburb of south Manchester<\/strong> that was originally two settlements (see separately for Hardy<\/strong>) \u2013 Chorlton in the north and Hardy in the south, separated by Chorlton Brook.\u00a0 Chorlton is recorded in 1258 as Cholreton<\/em>, but with the modern spelling in 1551.\u00a0 The name is an eponym \u2013 \u2018Ceolferth\u2019s farm or village\u2019 from the Anglo-Saxon personal name C<\/em>\u0113olferth<\/em> (modern Charlton).\u00a0 The combined name of Chorlton-cum-Hardy \u2013 literally Chorlton with Hardy \u2013 is first recorded in 1700 but seems to have become more widely used in about 1880, when property developers used the term to distinguish it from Chorlton-upon-Medlock<\/strong>; the opening of the Midland Railway\u2019s Chorlton-cum-Hardy station in that year standardised the name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHORLTON EES <\/strong>is a 58-hectare nature reserve on the south side of the River Mersey<\/strong> in the south of the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the nearby town of Chorlton<\/em> + Ees<\/em>, a local word for an area of dry woodland in a marshy area derived from the Old English \u0113g<\/em>, meaning \u2018island\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHORLTON FOLD <\/strong>is a suburban area of Eccles<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 Chorlton<\/strong> was a common name in northern Cheshire<\/strong> and south Lancashire<\/strong>, and it was necessary to distinguish various places with this name.\u00a0 Chorlton Fold is not well documented but would seem to come from the Old English ceorl<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a freeman of the lower class, a peasant\u2019) + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018enclosure, village\u2019) + fold<\/em> (\u2018small group of cottages and farm buildings\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHORLTON-UPON-MEDLOCK<\/strong> or CHORLTON-ON-MEDLOCK<\/strong> is an inner-city suburb of the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded as Cherleton <\/em>in 1177, meaning \u2018farmstead of the freemen or peasants\u2019, from the Old English ceorl<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a freeman of the lower class, a peasant\u2019) + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018enclosure, village\u2019).\u00a0 In mediaeval times until 1618, the village was known as Chorlton Row, i.e. Chorlton Road, as it was beside the Roman road from Manchester to Buxton.\u00a0 The modern name of Chorlton-upon-Medlock is recorded from 1843, indicating the area\u2019s position on the south bank of the River Medlock.\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHORLTONVILLE<\/strong> is a residential area within Chorlton-cum-Hardy<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built as a private venture in 1910-11, inspired by the garden city movement.\u00a0 The name is aspirational, combining Chorlton<\/em> with the French –ville<\/em>, which was used by some housing-estate developers in the late 19th<\/sup> and early 20th<\/sup> centuries, perhaps because of American influence.\u00a0 This is the only such example in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHOWBENT<\/strong> is an area of Atherton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> or an old, alternative name for Atherton which is still used locally.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in about 1350 as Chollebynt<\/em> and Shollebent<\/em>, and may be derived from an Old English personal name C\u0113ola<\/em> or ceole<\/em> meaning \u2018gorge\u2019 + bent<\/em>, \u2018crooked land\u2019, or beonet<\/em>, meaning \u2018coarse moorland grass\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CINDER HILL<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0There are many places called Cinder Hill across England, including at least two in Greater Manchester:\u00a0 Cinder Hill near Holcombe <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>, first recorded in 1688, and Cinder Hill in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, first recorded in 1722.\u00a0 \u00a0The name means \u2018hill where cinder or slag is spread or found\u2019, from the Old English sinder<\/em> + hyll<\/em>.\u00a0 As the names suggest, they are sites of mediaeval metal-working, probably iron.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLAMMERCLOUGH<\/strong> is an area in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong> that is especially known for Clammerclough (or Farnworth) tunnel, built by the Manchester & Bolton Railway in 1838.\u00a0 The area is not well documented before the construction of the tunnel but the name is possibly derived from Old English claeme<\/em> + cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>, meaning \u2018clayey or muddy ravine or valley\u2019.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The valley refers to that of the Rivers Croa<\/strong>l and Irwel<\/strong>l, which join in Clammerclough.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLARENCE PARK <\/strong>is a 20-hectare public park in Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in 1883 as Walmersley<\/strong> Road Recreation Ground but renamed Clarence Park in 1888 when it was officially opened by the Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII), who was also known as the Duke of Clarence<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLARKE\u2019S BRIDGE <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> KINGSTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLARINGTON BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Douglas<\/strong> that rises east of Whelley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and flows south-west to join the Douglas in Scholes<\/strong>.\u00a0 According to local sources, the name was originally Lorington Brook,<\/em> presumably meaning \u2018the settlement of Lora\u2019s<\/em> people\u2019, derived from an Anglo-Saxon personal name.\u00a0 By the 19th<\/sup> century, the name appears as Clarington Brook.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLARKSFIELD<\/strong> is a suburban district of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1821 and, as its name suggests, was an agricultural area.\u00a0 Presumably the name is an eponym, but it has not been possible to identify the Clark<\/em> for whom it is named.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLAYTON<\/strong> is a suburb of the City of Manchester<\/strong> in Droylsden<\/strong>, situated some 5 kilometres east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in about 1250 as Cleyton <\/em>but its modern spelling is recorded as early as 1439.\u00a0 There are two versions of the origin of the place name.\u00a0 It could be from Old English cl<\/em>\u01e3g<\/em> + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>, meaning \u2018homestead on clayey ground`.\u00a0 Another, perhaps more likely suggestion, is that it is named after the Clayton<\/em> family, who lived in this area and for whom the Clayton Hall was built in the 12th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 This was replaced in the 15th century by the present Clayton Hall, which is now a museum.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLEGG HALL <\/strong>is a rural area north of Milnrow<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1200 as Clegg<\/em>, probably from the Old Norse kleggi<\/em>, meaning \u2018haystack\u2019 and hence \u2018hill\u2019, probably in reference to the 175-metre high Owl Hill<\/strong>, at the foot of which Clegg stands.\u00a0 The original hall was built in the 13th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 A new hall was built in 1610-1618 and still stands as the centre of this sparsely-populated community.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The CLIFF<\/strong> is a residential and recreational area in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1817, when Cliff House<\/em> was erected on the heights above the River Irwell<\/strong>, giving the area its name.\u00a0 The area developed as a commuter suburb in the 19th<\/sup> century and was also home to Manchester <\/strong>race course.\u00a0 Today, areas of the Cliff have been turned over to sports fields and a country park adjoining Kersal<\/strong> Dale.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLIFTON<\/strong> is a suburb of Swinton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>, about 8 kilometres north-west of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded as Clifton <\/em>in 1184 and its name transparently means \u2018settlement near a cliff or hillside\u2019, from the Old English clif<\/em> + -t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>, which describes its position along the steeply-sloping bank of the River Irwell.<\/strong>\u00a0 Clifton gives its name to the 48-hectare Clifton Country Park, which now occupies the site of the Wet Earth Colliery<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLOSE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Douglas<\/strong> that rises south of Marsh Green<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and flows east to meet the Douglas in Laithwaite<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded on the Ordnance Survey maps of the late 1840s and probably means \u2018the brook running through or beside an enclose<\/em>d field\u2019, although it has not been possible to identify which field this could refer to.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLOSE PARK<\/strong> is an 11.2-hectare public park in Radcliffe<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The park is sited in the grounds of Close <\/em>House, the estate of the Bealey<\/strong> family, a local family of textile bleachers.\u00a0\u00a0 The estate was donated to the people of Radcliffe in 1925 and the grounds converted into a public park.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLOUGH, Littleborough<\/strong> is a rural area north-west of Littleborough <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is one of many across Greater Manchester derived from the Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>, meaning \u2018ravine, deep valley\u2019, referring to Long Clough Brook and Stony Brook, which meet in Clough<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLOUGH, Shaw <\/strong>is a rural area east of Shaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>. The name is not well documented but comes from the Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>, meaning \u2018ravine, deep valley\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLOVER HALL <\/strong>is a village north-west of Milnrow<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but seems to mean \u2018clover nook\u2019, from the Old English claefre<\/em> (\u2018clover\u2019) + <\/strong>halh\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018nook or corner of land\u2019), referring to the sharp meander in the River Beal<\/strong> to the east of Clover Hall.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLOWES PARK <\/strong>is a 10-hectare public park in Broughton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The Clowes<\/em> family acquired an extensive estate in Broughton in the 18th<\/sup> century and the park was laid out by George Clowes in 1866.\u00a0 He later donated the park to the City of Salford.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COAL BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises west of Delph<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>and flows roughly north for a short distance through Coal Clough to meet the Tame.\u00a0 The name is not well documented or dated but, as coal has been mined in the Delph area since the Middle Ages, it seems likely that it is literal, meaning \u2018the stream where coal seams or outcrops can be found\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COCKBROOK <\/strong>is a residential area of Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Cock Brook<\/em>, a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong>, which flows just south of Cockbrook.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>The name is not well documented before 1891, when Cockbrook Mill was opened, powered by water from Cock Brook.\u00a0 The origin of the name is also uncertain.\u00a0 Judging by other places with \u2018cock\u2019 as a first element, the origin could be Old English cocc<\/em> meaning \u2018a rooster\u2018 or cocc<\/em> meaning \u2018a hillock\u2019.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

COCKER HILL<\/strong> is a hill with a residential area at its foot north-west of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 Although the history of Cocker Hill is well documented, dating back to 1698, making it one of the oldest areas of Stalybridge, the origin of the name is uncertain.\u00a0 However, its position west of a bend in the River Tame<\/strong> makes it likely that it means \u2018crooked hill\u2019, from the Old Norse krokr<\/em>, meaning \u2018crook, bend, usually of a river\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COCKEY MOOR<\/strong> is an area on the eastern side of Ainsworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1545 as Cokkaye Chapel Moor.<\/em>\u00a0 The origin is uncertain:\u00a0 either Old English cocc,<\/em> meaning \u2018rooster\u2019, or Anglo-Saxon personal name Cocca<\/em> + hege<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019).\u00a0 Taken together, the meaning could be \u2018an enclosure for breeding birds or for cock-fighting\u2019 or \u2018Cocca\u2019s settlement\u2019.\u00a0 An alternative derivation is suggested by the Old Celtic kokka<\/em> (\u2018red earth\u2019) + Old English l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018woodland clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COCK KNARR BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises on Cock Knarr, east of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> and flows north-east into Swineshaw<\/strong> Brook, which then flows west to meet the Tame in Millbrook<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name means \u2018hillock (Old English cocc<\/em>) with a rugged rock (cnearr<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COFFIN LANE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong> that rises east of Bryn Gates<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, then flows east to meet Hey Brook<\/strong> and ultimately empties into Glaze Brook.\u00a0 The name is recorded on the Ordnance Survey map of 1846, which also shows Coffin Lane<\/em>, a track that today leads west from Bryn Gates but which was probably part of an old corpse road from Abram<\/strong> to the church in Ashton-in-Makerfield<\/strong>.\u00a0 Coffin or corpse lanes were common in mediaeval England as coffins had to be carried quite long distances to the nearest church or cemetery.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COLD GREAVE CLOUGH <\/strong>is a valley with a stream on the moors of the west Pennines<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> that flows into the Rooden Catchwater and feeds Rooden Reservoir<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded on Ordnance Survey maps of the 1840s and means \u2018the ravine (Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>) of or beside the bleak (Old English cald<\/em>) grove <\/em>(Old English gr<\/em>\u01e3fe<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COLDHURST<\/strong> is a residential area in central Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1844, when an ecclesiastical parish was established.\u00a0 The origin of the name is uncertain but it is unlikely to be \u2018cold, cool\u2019. The first element is more likely to be Old English col<\/em>, meaning \u2018coal, especially charcoal\u2019.\u00a0 The second element is Old English hyrst<\/em>,\u00a0(\u2018wooded hill\u2019), so that the combined meaning would be \u2018wooded hill suitable for charcoal-making or where charcoal is made\u2019.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

COLLIER BROOK <\/strong>is a 3-kilometre tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong> that rises east of Atherton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and joins with Atherton Brook and Lilford<\/strong> Park Brook before their confluence with Glaze Brook.\u00a0 The name is taken from the Collier<\/em> family, who owned Collier Brook Farm from the early 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It gave its name to the Collier Brook Bolt Works, which was built in 1856 on Bag Lane<\/strong>, opposite Collier Brook Farm.\u00a0 The site is now occupied by Collier Brook Industrial Estate.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COLLYHURST<\/strong> is an inner-city district of the City of Manchester<\/strong>, about 2.5 kilometres north-east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1322 with its modern spelling and means \u2018wooded hill grimy with coal dust or soot\u2019, from Old English colig<\/em> (\u2018grimy, coal-like\u2019) + hyrst <\/em>(\u2018wooded hill\u2019).\u00a0 There seems to be no history of coal-working in the area in the Middle Ages but coal was found nearby in the 19th<\/sup> century, leading to the sinking of St George\u2019s colliery in 1866.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

COLLYHURST FOOTBRIDGE<\/strong> is a disused footbridge over the River Irk<\/strong> and the former sidings of the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway connecting Collyhurst <\/strong>with Cheetham Hill<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in the 1890s and is also known as \u2018Barney\u2019s Steps\u2019, as it overlooked a 1950s council dump called Barney\u2019s Tip, the \u2018Impossible Bridge\u2019, or \u2018Lowry<\/strong>\u2019s Footbridge\u2019 as it was painted by Lowry in 1938 (see<\/em> Appendix 2).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COMPSTALL<\/strong> is a village on the River Etherow <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1608 as Compstall Bridge<\/em>, referring to a crossing over the Etherow.\u00a0 The derivation is uncertain but it is usually said to mean \u2018valley fishing place\u2019 from Old English cumb<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019) + stall<\/em> (\u2018a place for catching fish, fishery\u2019).\u00a0 The Etherow is still known for its trout fishing.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CONEY GREEN <\/strong>is a residential area of Radcliffe<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It appears on the Ordnance Survey maps of 1891-93 but was previously mentioned in the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway Act of 1877 authorising a line to Coney Green<\/em> Farm.\u00a0 The name means \u2018green <\/em>or grassy area where rabbits are found or kept\u2019, from Middle English coni<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CONTACT THEATRE <\/strong>is the University of Manchester\u2019s arts venue on Oxford Road <\/strong>in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was started in 1972 as Manchester\u2019s Young People\u2019s Theatre but was renamed Contact<\/em> in 1999 to highlight its mission to provide a point of contact<\/em> between the university and the wider community.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COOKCROFT <\/strong>is a residential area south of Shaw <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears on Ordnance Survey maps in the 1880s and probably means \u2018the small enclosure or farm (croft<\/em>) belonging the someone called Cook<\/em>\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COOPER TURNING <\/strong>is a hamlet at the junction of Chorley Road (A6) and Dicconson Lane (B5239) north-west of Westhoughton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears on Ordnance Survey maps of 1888-90 and the same maps show a \u2018works\u2019 there.\u00a0 It is tempting to conclude that there was a cooper\u2019<\/em>s works at this turning<\/em> in the road but this cannot be confirmed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COPLEY<\/strong> is a district of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, about 13 kilometres east of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1345 as Coppelegh<\/em>, probably meaning \u2018clearing beneath a peaked hill\u2019, from Middle English coppa<\/em> (\u2018peaked\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em>\u00a0<\/strong>(‘a clearing’).\u00a0 This would fit with Copley\u2019s position at the foot of the Pennines<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is also possible that it means \u2018Coppa\u2019s place\u2019, from an Anglo-Saxon personal name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COPSTER HILL <\/strong>is a district in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> which takes its name from the nearby hill.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1422 as Coppedhyrst<\/em>, from copped<\/em>, meaning \u2018peaked\u2019, and hyrst<\/em>, meaning \u2018wooded hill\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CORNBROOK <\/strong>or CORN BROOK <\/strong>is a district in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> which takes its name from the Corn<\/em> Brook<\/em>, a tributary of the Irwell <\/strong>which now flows into the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> at Pomona<\/strong> docks. \u00a0The name is recorded in 1322 and means \u2018stream with cranes\u2019 rather than \u2018stream with corn\u2019, derived from the Old English cran<\/em>, cron<\/em> or corn<\/em>.\u00a0 The use of the name was perhaps standardised by a station with that name opened in 1856 by the Manchester South Junction & Altrincham Railway.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CORONATION STREET<\/strong> is a street on the New Barracks<\/strong> estate of the City of Salford.<\/strong>\u00a0 The estate was built in 1900-1904 and the street was named for the coronation<\/em> of King Edward VII on 9 August 1902.\u00a0 The street gives its name to the long-running ITV soap-opera of that name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CORRIDOR MANCHESTER\u00a0 <\/strong>See <\/em>OXFORD ROAD<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COTE GREEN <\/strong>is a residential area of Marple Bridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded from 1842.\u00a0 The origin of the name is uncertain but one possibility is Old or Middle English cot<\/em>, meaning \u2018cottage or hut\u2019 + gr<\/em>\u0113ne<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COTTERILL CLOUGH NATURE RESERVE <\/strong>is a 5.6 hectare woodland area and site of special scientific interest south of the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was purchased with funds raised by the public in memory of Thomas Alfred Coward (1867-1933), a naturalist from the University of Manchester.\u00a0 The name comes from the family name Cottrell<\/em> + the Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>, meaning \u2018ravine, deep valley\u2019 in reference to the valley of Cotterill <\/em>Brook, a tributary of the River Bollin<\/strong>, which flows through the area.\u00a0 The surname Cotterill or Cottrell is thought to derive from the is Old or Middle English cot<\/em>, meaning \u2018cottage or hut\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COTTON FAMINE ROAD <\/strong>is a cobbled road on Rooley Moor<\/strong> above Norden<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> built during the American Civil War in the 1860s, when slave-grown cotton from the Confederate States was boycotted by the Lancashire mill workers, causing a \u2018cotton famine\u2019<\/em> and extreme social hardship.\u00a0 To provide employment and relief, millworkers were paid to pave a mile-long section of the road with about a third of a million stone cobbles or \u2018setts\u2019.\u00a0 The road still exists today as a memorial to the Rochdale mill workers.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u2018COTTONOPOLIS\u2019<\/strong> is a nickname for Manchester<\/strong> and the surrounding industrial areas of south Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1851 but seems to have been coined somewhat earlier, although no one seems to know when or by whom.\u00a0 The name is derived from cotton<\/em> and metropolis<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Certain inhabitants of Cottonopolis were sometimes referred to as \u2018Cottontots\u2019.\u00a0 The term seems to have originated in the early 1840s when the children (tots<\/em>) of cotton<\/em> families made excursions to what was then northern Cheshire<\/strong> on the newly-built railways, annoying the local inhabitants.\u00a0 However, by the 1870s the term was used more approvingly to refer to cotton magnates who were known for their wealth, philanthropy and lavish homes in Bowdon<\/strong> and other towns in south Manchester<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

The COUNTY BROOK\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> BROOK BOTTOM<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COUNTY END<\/strong> is an area on the eastern side of Lees<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area is at the point where the previous county of Lancashire<\/strong> met the former West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong>, explaining the name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COVERSHAW BRIDGE <\/strong>is a road bridge across Sinderland <\/strong>Brook from Dunham Massey<\/strong> into Carrington<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is at this point that Sinderland and Caldwell<\/strong> Brooks join to form Red Brook<\/strong>, which then flows west into the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The bridge is shown on the Ordnance Survey map of 1842 and may mean \u2018dove or pigeon copse\u2019 from Old English culfre<\/em> + sceaga<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COWHILL<\/strong> is a residential area of Chadderton <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1200 as Kuhill<\/em>, literally meaning \u2018cow\u2019s hill\u2019, from Middle English cou<\/em> + hyll<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COWLISHAW<\/strong> is a residential area in the west of Shaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Cowleshawe<\/em> in 1558.\u00a0 The derivation is uncertain but it could mean \u2018charcoal hill\u2019 from Old English colig\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018<\/em>charcoal; full of, or marked by, charcoal\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse\u2019).<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

COX GREEN<\/strong> is a residential area in the Egerton<\/strong> district of the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded as Cosse<\/em> 1108 but by 1248 it had become Cokksgrene<\/em>, from the Old English cocc <\/em>(\u2018hillock, hilltop\u2019) + grene\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018grassy spot, village green\u2019).\u00a0 However, over time the name was rationalised to \u2018Cox\u2019 as if it were an eponym referring to someone named Cox who owned or worked the land.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CRANKWOOD <\/strong>is a hamlet north-east of Golborne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The place is not well documented before the first edition of the Ordnance Survey maps in the first half of the 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It takes its name from nearby Crank Wood but the origin is uncertain:\u00a0 possibilities are Old English cranus<\/em> (\u2018crane\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse\u2019) or crumb<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018crooked, twisted\u2019) + wudu <\/em>(\u2018wood, forest\u2019), so that the meaning might be \u2018wood of the cranes\u2019 or \u2018crooked wood\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CRIMBLE<\/strong> or CRIMBLES <\/strong>is a rural area on the River Roch <\/strong>north of Heywood <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale.\u00a0 <\/strong>The name is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Crumles<\/em>, from the Old English cr<\/em>\u04efmel<\/em> meaning \u2018a small piece (crumb) of land\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CRIME LAKE<\/strong> is a small lake in Daisy Nook<\/strong> Country Park in Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The lake was formed in 1794 or 1795 when a blocked culvert under the Hollinwood<\/strong> Canal resulted in flooding.\u00a0 The name is said to be derived from chrime<\/em>, a dialect word for a meadow, or perhaps an eponym referring to someone who owned the meadow.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CRINGLE BROOK\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>There are several places named Cringle across England, all derived from the Old Norse kringla<\/em>, meaning \u2018circle\u2019, and often referring to the meandering of a river.\u00a0 Cringle Brook in Burnage<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong> that rises in Heaton Chapel<\/strong> and later joins Chorlton <\/strong>Brook.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1322 as Kringelbroke<\/em>, meaning \u2018the winding stream\u2019, and later gave its name to the area through which it flowed and to Cringle Hall, built early in the second half of the 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Today Cringle Brook survives as the name of a school and gives its name to Cringle Park in Levenshulme<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River CROAL<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises west of Bolton<\/strong> and then flows east for about 16 kilometres to meet the Irwell at Nob End<\/strong> in Kearsley<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name means \u2018winding stream\u2019 and is derived from the Old English croh<\/em> (\u2018a nook of land in a river bend\u2019, hence \u2018winding\u2019) + wella<\/em> (\u2018stream\u2019), referring to its meandering course.\u00a0 Despite its Old English form, the Croal is not recorded before 1836, when it is identified as forming the boundary between Great and Little Bolton.\u00a0 Before the 19th<\/sup> century it is usually referred to as Mikelbrok<\/em>, a form which is recorded in 1292 and which means \u2018great stream\u2019, from Old English mycel<\/em> + br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em>.\u00a0 Over time this was rationalised to Middlebrook<\/em><\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROFTS BANK<\/strong> is a residential area of the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but it is likely that it is derived from the Old English croft<\/em>, meaning \u2018small enclosed field\u2019 + Old Norse or Middle English banke<\/em>, meaning hill slope.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROMPTON<\/strong> is part of the district of Shaw<\/strong> and Crompton in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1246 as Crumpton<\/em>, meaning \u2018settlement in a bend\u2019 referring to Crompton\u2019s position in a meander of the River Beal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The origin is the Old English crumb<\/em> (\u2018crooked, twisted, bent\u2019) + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018homestead, settlement, village\u2019).<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

CROMPTON PLACE<\/strong> is a retail centre in Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in 1971 as an Arndale Centre<\/strong> but was renamed in 1989 after the Bolton-born industrialist and inventor, Samuel Crompton<\/em> (1753-1827), who invented his spinning mule for the manufacture of cotton and other fibres in in about 1779 while living in Hall I\u2019 th\u2019 Wood.\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROMWELL BRIDGE, <\/strong>originally CROMWELL ROAD BRIDGE<\/strong>, was built in 1880-1882 and crosses the River Irwell<\/strong> to connect Broughton<\/strong> with Pendleton <\/strong>in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 Oliver Cromwell<\/em> (1599-1658) had many associations with what is now Greater Manchester<\/strong> during and after the civil war, but it is not known precisely when or why Cromwell Road was named after him.\u00a0 There are 24 streets named after Cromwell in Greater Manchester.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CRONKEYSHAW COMMON<\/strong> is a 16.3-hectare area of public open space with trees in northern Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1470 as Crankshaw<\/em> and there are various suggestions for its derivation.\u00a0 It may come from Old English cranus<\/em> (\u2018crane\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse\u2019) or crumb<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018crooked, twisted\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse\u2019), so that the meaning might be \u2018copse of the cranes\u2019 or \u2018crooked copse\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROOKE <\/strong>is a village on the River Douglas<\/strong> and the Leeds & Liverpool Canal in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1324 as Crok<\/em>, probably from the Old Norse krokr<\/em>, meaning \u2018a crook, a bend\u2019, usually referring land in the bend of a river, which aptly describes the village\u2019s location in a meander in the River Douglas.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROOK GATE RESERVOIR <\/strong>is one of a series of reservoirs north of Denshaw<\/strong> built in the 1880s to supply water for the population and industries of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The reservoir is fed by Readycon Dean Brook<\/strong>, which is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong>.\u00a0 The origin of the name is unclear and undocumented but it is believed to be named after a toll gate<\/em> located on a crook<\/em> or bend in a road across the moors.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROOKILLEY WOOD <\/strong>is a 4.57-hectare area of ancient woodland near Bredbury<\/strong> and Brinnington<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1259 as Crokuill<\/em> but the origin is uncertain:\u00a0 it may be Old English croc<\/em> (\u2018a shepherd\u2019s crook) + l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROSSACRES<\/strong> is a residential area of Wythenshawe<\/strong> in the City of Manchester.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1290 as Crosacres<\/em>, meaning \u2018fields or ploughed lands (Old English \u00e6cer<\/em>) near a cross (cros<\/em>)\u2019.\u00a0 As the name suggests, this was sparsely-populated farmland noted for its flax, although the location of the cross is not recorded.\u00a0 In the 1930s the area was incorporated into the Wythenshawe development around Crossacres Road.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROSS BANK<\/strong> is a village in the south of Oldham<\/strong> on the River Medlock<\/strong>.\u00a0 The village is thought to have been part of the lands granted to the Knights Templar in England in the 13th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The Knights Templar marked ownership of their territory by placing crosses <\/em>in earth banks<\/em>, which explains the name of Crossbank.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROSS BANK BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong> that rises south-east of Shuttleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> and flows north-west to join the Irwell south-east of Stubbins in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Its derivation is not well documented:\u00a0 the name could reference the fact that it crosses<\/em> Bank Lane<\/strong>, or it may refer to an ancient cross<\/em> that perhaps marked the eastern boundary of Ramsbottom<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROSSFORD BRIDGE<\/strong> today carries the old Roman road from Manchester<\/strong> to Chester (the A56) across the River Mersey<\/strong> between Stretford<\/strong> and Sale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1295 as Crosford<\/em>, meaning simply \u2018the ford by the cross\u2019, possibly referring to a cross<\/em> that originally stood on the north bank of the Mersey.\u00a0 The ford<\/em> became unusable in the Middle Ages and the original wooden bridge is said to have been built by 1367, but this was replaced by a stone bridge in 1578.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROWCROFT PARK <\/strong>is a public park in Longsight<\/strong> and Levenshulme<\/strong>, south of the city centre of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 In the 19th<\/sup> century, the area was an industrial area engaged in cotton manufacture, but in 1900 Manchester Corporation took over the lease and laid the area out as a park.\u00a0 The first cotton mill had been started in Crowcroft<\/em> by Thomas Knight in 1815 but it is likely that the name is older, meaning \u2018small field where crows are found\u2019 from the Middle English croue<\/em> + croft<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

CROWHILL<\/strong> is a residential area west of Waterloo<\/strong> in Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The residential development dates from the 1950s but it is assumed that the local area, commonly known as \u2018The Moss\u2019, was at some time named Crow Hill<\/em>, from Old English cran<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018crane, heron or similar bird\u2019) + hyll<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROWN POINT <\/strong>is an area in Denton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> which gives its name to the Crown Point retail shopping park, built in 2003 on the site of the Victoria Hat Works.\u00a0 The name goes back at least as far as 1817 and commemorates a battle in the northern part of what is now the American state of New York in 1759, when the British destroyed a French garrison known as Fort St Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric, which they then renamed Fort Crown Point<\/em>, a translation of the French Pointe \u00e0 la Chevelure.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROWTHER STREET <\/strong>or CROWTHER STEPS<\/strong> is a steep cobbled street in the Underbanks <\/strong>district of Stockport<\/strong> made famous by two paintings by L S Lowry.\u00a0 <\/strong>The street is named after the Crowther<\/em> family, who had silk works in both Stockport and Heaton Norris<\/strong> in the late 18th<\/sup> and early 19th<\/sup> centuries.\u00a0 The original houses on Crowther Street were demolished in the 1960s but restored early in the 2000s to approximate to those in Lowry\u2019s paintings.\u00a0 (See<\/em> Appendix 2)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CRUMPSALL<\/strong> is a suburb of the City of Manchester<\/strong> on the River Irk<\/strong> approximately 5 kilometres north of the city centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1235 as Corneshal <\/em>and its modern spelling is recorded since 1552.\u00a0 It is usually said to be an eponym meaning \u2018Crumb\u2019s nook\u2019, although it has also been suggested that it could mean \u2018crooked piece of land\u2019, from Old English crumb<\/em> (\u2018crooked, bent\u2019) + halh <\/em>(\u2018nook of land\u2019), from the large bend in the River Irk at this point.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CUDWORTH BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises on Cudworth Pasture on the moors north of Castleshaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>and flows south through Cudworth Clough into Castleshaw Upper Reservoir.\u00a0 The name seems to be undocumented but is found elsewhere in England as an eponym meaning \u2018Cuda\u2019s or Cutha\u2019s enclosure\u2019, from an Old English personal name + Old English worth<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CULCHETH<\/strong> is a suburb of the City of Manchester <\/strong>close to Newton Heath<\/strong>.\u00a0 This Culcheth is not to be confused with Culcheth in the Metropolitan Borough of Warrington in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Culcheth Hall in Manchester was the mediaeval seat of the Culcheth family, but they died out in 1621.\u00a0 It is assumed that these two places named Culcheth both originally meant \u2018narrow wood\u2019 or \u2018nook of a wood\u2019 from Celtic c<\/em>\u016bl <\/em>(\u2018narrow\u2019) + coed<\/em> (\u2018wood\u2019), but another possibility is that it is a corruption of Kershaw<\/em>, meaning \u2018church in a copse\u2019, from Old Norse kirk<\/em> + Old English sceaga<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CULVERT CLOUGH <\/strong>flows south-west from the west Pennine<\/strong> moors of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> to meet the Rooden Catchwater that feeds Rooden Reservoir<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded on Ordnance Survey maps of the late 19th<\/sup> century and means \u2018the ravine (Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>) with a stream in or like a culvert<\/em>\u2019.\u00a0 Culvert<\/em> first appears in English as an engineering term in 1774 and is usually said to be of unknown origin, although it has been suggested that it is of French or Dutch origin, or even an eponym named after a forgotten engineer.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CUNNINGHAM BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong> that rises west of Westhoughton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It flows south and ultimately joins the River Glaze<\/strong> near Lately Common in Warrington.\u00a0 The name is recorded on the Ordnance Survey map of 1892 and probably takes its name from a farm or field owned by a local family called Cunningham<\/em>.\u00a0 The surname Cunningham<\/em> is of Scottish origin from a place in Ayrshire meaning \u2018the homestead or enclosure of the milk pail\u2019, from the Gaelic cuinneag<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018milk pail\u2019) +\u00a0ham<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018enclosure, homestead\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u2018CURRY MILE\u2019<\/strong> is the nickname given to the stretch of Wilmslow Road passing through Rusholme<\/strong>, south of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The area became a meeting place for the many people from the Asian subcontinent who settled in Manchester in the late 1950s and 1960s, and \u2018Curry Mile\u2019<\/em> became the nickname in the mid-1980s for the many restaurants that were opened.\u00a0 In January 2008 the name was standardised when Manchester City Council erected signs with the title. \u00a0Curry<\/em> comes from the Tamil kari<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CUTACRE COUNTRY PARK <\/strong>is a 226-hectare nature reserve across parts of Salford<\/strong>, Wigan<\/strong> and Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in 2020 on the site of a massive slag heap formed in the early 20th<\/sup> century when waste from Brackley and Mossley Common collieries was dumped in the valley of Cutacre Clough<\/em>.\u00a0 Opencast mining ended in 2011 and the site was then landscaped and transformed into the country park.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is possibly an eponym, from an Anglo-Saxon personal name such as Cutha<\/em> + \u00e6cer<\/em>, meaning \u2018plot of land\u2019.\u00a0 Cutacre lends its name to Cutacre Brook, a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CUTGATE <\/strong>is a residential area of Rochdale<\/strong> about 1.5 kilometres west of the town centre.\u00a0 It was recorded as Cut-Hays<\/em> in 1562 and \u2018gate\u2019 is thought to derive from Old Norse gata<\/em>, meaning \u2018road\u2019.\u00a0 It has been suggested that the first element is either a personal name or that it refers to the road being cut<\/em> across the hillside.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CUTLER HILL <\/strong>is an area in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> on the disused Hollinwood<\/strong> Branch of the Ashton<\/strong> Canal.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1797, when Cutler Bridge<\/em> was built over the newly-completed canal.\u00a0 The name would seem to come from cutler<\/em>, either literally as being the site of a workshop where someone made or sold knives, or as an eponym from Cutler\u2019s Hill.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CUTTING ROOM SQUARE <\/strong>is a residential and commercial public space in Ancoats<\/strong> in the City of Manchester <\/strong>opened in 2018 as part of a local regeneration project with new and repurposed buildings.\u00a0 Its name consciously echoes the area\u2019s textile industry history and refers to the cutting rooms<\/em> where the completed cloth was cut to make garments.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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D<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DACRES <\/strong>is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, south-west of Greenfield<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is an eponym, taking its name from Dacre\u2019s, the vicarage of Bartholomew Dacre<\/em> (1785-1831), the vicar of St George\u2019s Church in Mossley<\/strong>, which was built in 1819.\u00a0 It was enlarged in 1858 as Dacre Hall, a house which still stands.\u00a0 In 1928 the owner built a small housing estate adjacent to Dacres Hall.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DAISYFIELD<\/strong> is a residential area on the south-west edge of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is probably literal \u2013 an area or field<\/em> where daisies<\/em> grew.\u00a0 The urban development of Daisyfield is not well documented before the 1840s, when the Hutchinson family built the Daisyfield textile mill and the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway built Daisyfield Viaduct over the Manchester Bolton and Bury Canal and the River Irwell<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DAISY HILL<\/strong> is a residential area of Westhoughton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The origins of the name are uncertain and undocumented.\u00a0 In 1824 it was referred to as Daisey Hillock<\/em> and it is assumed that the name was taken literally from a hill covered with daisies.\u00a0 The name was standardised with the opening of Daisy Hill station by the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway on 1 October 1888.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

DAISY NOOK<\/strong> is a village (also known as Waterhouses<\/strong>) and country park belonging to the National Trust in Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is taken from a book of \u2018Lancashire Sketches\u2019 by the Manchester<\/strong> weaver-turned-dialect writer, Ben Brierley (1825-96), originally written in 1867.\u00a0 In it he depicts an imaginary village called Daisy Nook where ‘Two Banks seemed to have opened to receive a group of neat whitewashed cottages and after filling them with happiness, surrounded them with a curtain of trees, to shelter them from the outside world\u2019.\u00a0 Brierley\u2019s description was based on the village of Waterhouses and the area has been known by this name ever since.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DAKIN\u2019S BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of Dean Brook<\/strong> and, ultimately, of the River Tonge<\/strong>, north of Barrow Bridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but it may well be an eponym, so that the meaning would literally be \u2018the stream named after a relative of David<\/em>\u2019.\u00a0 Dakin as a name is derived from a shortening of David <\/em>+ Old English cynn<\/em> (\u2018family, relative\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DALE <\/strong>is a village in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, although in the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1732 and means \u2018valley\u2019, from the Old English d<\/em>\u00e6l<\/em>, probably referring to the valley of Hull Brook,<\/strong> a tributary of the River Tame.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DALES BROW<\/strong> is a residential area in south Swinton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in the 18th<\/sup> century as a dairy farm with some cottages.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but presumably means \u2018hill (brow<\/em>) at the top of a valley (dale<\/em>), referring to the valley of Deans Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DANE BANK <\/strong>is a residential area of Denton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, west of the town centre, known as Dane Shot (or Shott or Shutt) Bank before the 20th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 According to local legend, it takes its name from a Danish chieftain who was shot by a Saxon archer and was then beheaded, but this is almost certainly folk etymology:\u00a0 the original name means \u2018narrow field overlooking a valley\u2019 is derived from Middle English denu<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019) + shote<\/em> (\u2018narrow strip of land\u2019) + banke<\/em> (\u2018bank, hillside\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The DANELAW<\/strong> was originally just that \u2013 the law<\/em> that was applied by the Danes<\/em> or, more widely, the Vikings in the parts of England that they controlled between the late 9th<\/sup> or early 10th<\/sup> century and the Norman conquest in 1066.\u00a0 In the 19th<\/sup> century, the term came to be applied to the areas where the Danelaw was applied.\u00a0 Whether what is now Greater Manchester<\/strong> was included in the Danelaw is a matter of some disagreement:\u00a0 some modern maps include all of Greater Manchester in the Danelaw but place-name evidence suggests that the Viking influence was limited to isolated settlements rather than widespread occupation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DANGEROUS CORNER <\/strong>is a residential area east of Hindley Green<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> where Westleigh <\/strong>Lane meets the Atherton<\/strong> Road (now the A577).\u00a0 The name is recorded on a map of 1855 and, according to a local legend and poem, derives from an incident in which a horse-drawn hearse tipped over at the dangerous corner<\/em>, spilling the corpse of a farmer\u2019s wife, who awoke and survived for several more years.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DARBISHIRE<\/strong> or DERBYSHIRE PARK<\/strong> is an 8.9-hectare park north-west of Bolton<\/strong> town centre.\u00a0\u00a0 The land was donated to the town in 1868 by Charles James Darbishire<\/em> (1797-1874), who had been mayor of Bolton in 1838-1839, and his brother, Samuel Dukinfield Darbishire<\/em> (c.1796-1870), a local solicitor.\u00a0 The park is popularly known as \u201cBobby Legs Park\u201d after a tall park keeper named Robert.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DARCY LEVER <\/strong>is part of the area named Lever<\/em> which consists of several settlements \u2013 Darcy Lever, Great Lever<\/strong>, Lever Edge<\/strong> and Little Lever<\/strong> \u2013 south of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name Lever is recorded in 1212 as Lefre<\/em>, from the Old English lefer<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018rush, reed\u2019), so that the entire area would mean \u2018where the rushes or reeds grow\u2019 on the banks of the Irwell<\/strong> and Croal<\/strong>.\u00a0 Darcy Lever is recorded from 1509 as Darcye Lever<\/em>, showing that it was now in the possession of the D\u2019Arcy<\/em> family.\u00a0 The family originated in Arcy<\/em> in Normandy in France.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DARLEY PARK, Bolton, <\/strong>is a 1.53-hectare public park in Farnworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong> beside the River Croal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is taken from Darley Hall<\/em>, a mansion built by Benjamin Rawson (1758?-1843), a sulphuric acid manufacturer, in about 1806.\u00a0 The estate was purchased by the local council in 1911 and the house was demolished in about 1914.\u00a0 The name means \u2018deer clearing\u2019, from Old English d<\/em>\u0113or<\/em> (\u2018deer\u2019) + l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018woodland clearing\u2019).\u00a0 The park <\/em>may suggest that this was previously an area where deer were kept or hunted.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DARLEY PARK, Firswood, <\/strong>is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> neighbouring Old Trafford<\/strong> and Whalley Range<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Darley Hall<\/em>, a Tudor-style mansion built in the mid-19th<\/sup> century for Wilson Crewsdon (1790-1871), a local cotton manufacturer.\u00a0 The local council later purchased the property and demolished the house.\u00a0 The name means \u2018deer clearing\u2019, from Old English d<\/em>\u0113or<\/em> (\u2018deer\u2019) + l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018woodland clearing\u2019).\u00a0 The park <\/em>may suggest that this was previously an area where deer were kept or hunted.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DARNHILL<\/strong> is a residential area of Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was a farming area centred around Darn Hill<\/em> farm, but in the early 1960s it became the site for the construction of large-scale municipal housing for families from Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented.\u00a0 The Darnhill <\/em>family website suggests that the name means \u2018a grower of darnel<\/em>\u2019, a type of ryegrass.\u00a0 Darnel is originally French but is found in English from the early 14th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DAUBHILL <\/strong>is a south-western suburb of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is referred to as Daub Hill<\/em> in 1815.\u00a0 It is derived from Middle English daube<\/em>, meaning clay used in mediaeval building, as in \u2018wattle and daub\u2019, which was obtained locally.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

DAVENPORT <\/strong>is a suburb of Stockport<\/strong> that takes its name from the Davenport<\/em> family, who had owned Bramall Hall<\/strong> since the 14th<\/sup> century and whose name came from their estate in Cheshire, which was recorded as Deneport<\/em> in the Domesday Book of 1086.\u00a0 The name is said to derive from the River Dane (thought to come from the Celtic dafn<\/em>\u00a0meaning \u2018a drop, trickle\u2019) + Old English\u00a0port<\/em>\u00a0meaning \u2018market town\u2019.\u00a0 Davenport in Stockport is much later:\u00a0 in the mid-19th<\/sup> century a member of the family, Colonel William Davenport<\/em>, persuaded the Stockport Disley & Whaley Bridge Railway to build a station to serve land owned by him and named after him.\u00a0 The station was opened on 1 March 1858, was closed in September 1859 and re-opened on 1 January 1862.\u00a0 The station led to the development of Davenport and the neighbouring area of Cale Green.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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DAVENPORT GREEN <\/strong>is a village north-east of Hale Barns<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 Davenport Green farm and Davenport Green Hall probably date from Mediaeval times and take their name from Jurdan de Davenport<\/em>, who was granted land in Hale<\/strong> by Hamon Massey of Dunham Massey<\/strong> in 1281.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DAVID LEWIS RECREATIONAL GROUND <\/strong>is an area of Peel Park<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The land was gifted to Salford in 1897 as a recreational area by merchant and philanthropist, David Lewis<\/em> (1823-1885).\u00a0 He made his money from the Lewis\u2019s chain of departmental stores, the first of which was opened in Liverpool in 1856 and the second in Manchester<\/strong> in 1877.\u00a0 On his death, he left money to promote health and welfare in Lancashire<\/strong> and the north-west.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DAVYHULME <\/strong>is a residential area of Urmston<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The original Davyhulme Hall<\/em> was built by John de Hulme in 1154 but it seems that it was only in 1434 that it was known as Defehulme<\/em>. There are several Hulmes<\/em> in Greater Manchester<\/strong>, all derived from the Old Norse holm<\/em>, meaning \u2018raised ground in a marshy place\u2019, and they needed to be distinguished, hence Cheadle Hulme, Levenshulme<\/strong>, etc).\u00a0 The origin of Davyhulme is uncertain and the usual suggestion is that it is Middle English deaf<\/em>, meaning \u2018deaf\u2019 or \u2018lonely\u2019, perhaps the nickname of one of its residents that gradually became associated with the personal name Davy<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DEAN BROOK\u00a0<\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tonge<\/strong> that rises on Smithills <\/strong>Moor in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It flows south, joining other streams to form the Tonge<\/strong> at Meeting of the Waters in western Bolton.\u00a0 The name Dean comes from the Old English denu<\/em>, meaning \u2018valley\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River DEAN <\/strong>rises at Longclough in Cheshire<\/strong> on the edge of the Peak District<\/strong> and joins the Bollin <\/strong>between Wilmslow and Styal.\u00a0 It then flows some 16 kilometres and meets the Mersey <\/strong>near Lymm.\u00a0 It is usually said that the name is shortened from \u2018Dean Water\u2019 and is derived from the Old English denu<\/em>, meaning \u2018a valley, especially a long valley\u2019 + w<\/em>\u00e6ter<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DEAN CHURCH BROOK<\/strong>, also known as KIRK BROOK<\/strong>, is a small tributary of the River Croal<\/strong> that rises in Deane<\/strong> in south-west Bolton <\/strong>and flows north in Middle Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 The addition of Church<\/em> distinguishes it from other brooks named Dean<\/em> (all derived from the Old English denu<\/em>, meaning \u2018valley\u2019) and is taken from the\u00a0Anglican Church <\/em>of St Mary the Virgin in Deane.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DEANE<\/strong> is a residential area in south-west Bolton<\/strong>, south of the River Croal <\/strong>beside Deane Clough. \u00a0Dean <\/em>and Deane<\/em> are common place names found across Britain, all meaning a place \u2018in a valley\u2019 from Old English denu<\/em>.\u00a0 Deane in Bolton is recorded in 1292 as Dene<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

DEAN HEAD BROOK<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises east of Bleak Hey Nook<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and joins Thorns Beck<\/strong>, which then flows into Diggle Brook<\/strong> and finally into the Tame.\u00a0 Dean Head is recorded in 1736 \u2013 probably a farm at the head<\/em> (h<\/em>\u0113afod<\/em>) of the valley (denu<\/em>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DEAN MILLS RESERVOIR <\/strong>was originally built in the late 18th<\/sup> century by John and Robert Lord to supply water power for their Dean Mills<\/em>.\u00a0 The reservoir is located on the south-western slopes of Winter Hill<\/strong> about 5 kilometres north of Bolton<\/strong> and the mills were located in what became Barrow Bridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The mills were converted to steam power in the 1830s and so the reservoir became redundant.\u00a0 The mills and reservoir took their name from the nearby Dean Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the River Tonge<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DEANS BROOK <\/strong>or DEAN\u2019S BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong> that rises in Dales Brow<\/strong> in south Swinton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It then flows south for about 3 kilometres into Folly Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the first Ordnance Survey maps of the early 1850s but probably means simply \u2018the brook in the valley (Old English denu<\/em>)\u2019.\u00a0 It would seem that the brook gives it name to Deans, a residential area to the south of Swinton.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DEANSGATE<\/strong> is the main shopping and commercial thoroughfare through the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1389 as Denes-gate<\/em> and is said to be Manchester\u2019s oldest street.\u00a0 The second element is Old Norse gata<\/em>, meaning \u2018a road or street\u2019, but the origin of the first element is uncertain.\u00a0 It has been suggested that it is a) named after the lost River Dene; b) the \u2018Danes\u2019 gate\u2019; and c) most likely, named for the dean of an early church in the area.<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

DEARNLEY <\/strong>is a residential area of the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, north-east of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1324 as Dernylegh<\/em>, meaning \u2018hidden or solitary clearing\u2019, from Old English derne<\/em> + l\u0113ah<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a wood, glade, clearing\u2019).\u00a0 It is unclear why the clearing was hidden or solitary.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

DEADWENCLOUGH \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> POLEFIELD<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DEBDALE PARK <\/strong>is an 18-hectare public park in Gorton<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but it is said that the area was originally known as Deepdale<\/em>, from the Old English d\u0113op <\/em>(\u2018deep\u2019) + d<\/em>\u00e6l<\/em> (\u2018dale, valley\u2019), and at some point it was reduced to Debdale<\/em>.\u00a0 The area was originally the estate of a local hatter but was purchased by the local water company in the 1820s for two reservoirs.\u00a0 It was developed as a recreational area and park after World War I.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DELAMERE PARK<\/strong> is a public recreational area in Higher Openshaw <\/strong>in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The park and the surrounding residential area were laid out at the end of the 19th<\/sup> century or beginning of the 20th<\/sup>.\u00a0 The name of the park and adjoining Delamere Street are probably derived from Delamere<\/em> (Old French meaning \u2018of the lake\u2019) Lodge, a country house in Cheshire<\/strong> built in 1784 for the Wilbraham<\/strong> family.\u00a0 In the late 19th<\/sup> century, the names of many streets in Manchester were associated with Wilbraham Egerton (1832-1909), who was, among other things, Chairman of the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> Company.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DELPH<\/strong> is a village in Saddleworth <\/strong>in West Yorkshire<\/strong> administered by the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1544 as Delf<\/em> and the modern spelling is not found until 1817.\u00a0 The name means \u2018the quarry\u2019 and comes from the Old English delf<\/em>, referring to the bakestone quarries north of the village.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

DELPH HILL<\/strong> and DELPH RESERVOIR \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>There are several places called Delph in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, all apparently originally associated with quarrying and derived from the Old English delf<\/em>, meaning \u2018a quarry\u2019, and delvan<\/em>, meaning \u2018to dig\u2019.\u00a0 Delph Hill is located on the southern slopes of Winter Hill <\/strong>on the outskirts of Bolton, west of Doffcocker <\/strong>and probably refers to 19th<\/sup>-century collieries or fireclay quarries in the area.\u00a0 Delph Reservoir lies in the Turton<\/strong> district north-west of Bolton and was completed in 1921 on the site of Delph Hill hamlet, which was purchased by Bolton Corporation in 1907.\u00a0 There were sandstone quarries in the area and the hamlet consisted mostly of miners\u2019 cottages.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DEMMINGS <\/strong>is an area of Cheadle<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> which today gives its name to an industrial estate, a school and at least two roads.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1789 as Damings<\/em> Print Works, which was spelled Demmings<\/em> by the mid-19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name is said to be a rendering of \u2018damming<\/em>\u2019 in reference to the damming of the Micker Brook<\/strong> to form a millpond for the local calico printing, bleach and dye works.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DENSHAW<\/strong> is a village in Saddleworth<\/strong> in West Yorkshire<\/strong> administered from the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> in Greater Manchester.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1635 as Denshaw<\/em>, meaning \u2018the valley copse\u2019, from Old English denu<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse, small wood\u2019), referring to the village\u2019s position close to the source of the River Tame.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

DENTON<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, 8 kilometres east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 It was formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1255 as Denton <\/em>and literally means \u2018valley village\u2019 from Old English denu<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019) + –t<\/em>\u016bn <\/em>(\u2018farmstead, village\u2019), describing its position in the valley of the River Tame<\/strong>. \u00a0It is sometimes said that Denton means \u2018Dane town\u2019, but there seems to be no evidence for this.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DENZELL GARDENS <\/strong>are a 4-hectare public park in Bowdon<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The gardens were originally the grounds of Denzell House, built by cotton magnate Robert Scott (1822-1904) in 1874 and apparently named by his Cornish wife, Maria, after Denzell <\/em>Manor in Cornwall.\u00a0 The name is derived from the Cornish den<\/em>, meaning \u2018castle, fort\u2019, + sel<\/em>, meaning \u2018hill\u2019.\u00a0 The house was sold in 1904 to Samuel Lamb (1847-1936), a shipping merchant and Liberal politician.\u00a0 On his death, the house and grounds were donated to Bowdon Urban District Council.\u00a0 The grounds were opened to the public in 1938, while the house was put to various uses and is currently used as offices.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DEPLEACH HALL <\/strong>is all that remains of a 17th<\/sup>-century tithe barn south of Cheadle<\/strong> town centre in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1366 as Depelache<\/em>, meaning \u2018deep boggy steam\u2019, from the Old English d<\/em>\u0113op<\/em> (\u2018deep\u2019) + laecc<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018stream, bog\u2019), in reference to the nearby Micker Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DE QUINCEY PARK <\/strong>is a small public park south of Sinderland Brook<\/strong> in Timperley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in 1936 by the Mayor of Altrincham<\/strong>, Alfred de Quincey<\/em>, and named after him rather than his famous ancestor, Thomas de Quincey (1785-1859), who was brought up in industrial Manchester and chronicled childhood visits to Altrincham in his Confessions of an Opium Eater<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DERKER<\/strong> is a residential area in the north of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1604 and its origin is unknown.\u00a0 At that time, it was spelled Dirtcar<\/em>, but this is not thought to be related to a small rail wagon for carrying soil or other material, a word that originated in the USA in 1870.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The DEVISDALE<\/strong> is an area of Bowdon<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> with residential development around a public park.\u00a0 The area was originally common land known as Bowdon Downs, but the current name originated from the early 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It is thought to be a corruption of the family name Davis<\/em> + Old English dole<\/em> (\u2018common land shared out among local people\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DERBYSHIRE<\/strong> is a county to the east of Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in the 11th<\/sup> century and is derived from the city of Derby<\/em> (\u2018village where deer are found\u2019) + sc<\/em>\u012br <\/em>(\u2018district\u2019).\u00a0 In 1974 a few places \u2013 Marple Bridge<\/strong>, Strines<\/strong> and Swineshaw<\/strong> \u2013 were transferred from Derbyshire to Greater Manchester.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DERKER<\/strong> is a residential area in the north of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1604 and its origin is unknown.\u00a0 At that time, it was spelled Dirtcar<\/em>, but this is not thought to be related to a small rail wagon for carrying soil or other material, a word that originated in the USA in 1870.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

DICK HILL <\/strong>is a 308-metre hill north of Rough Bank<\/strong> and Higher Ogden<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and the Peak District <\/strong>National Park.\u00a0 The name appears on the first ordnance Survey maps of the area in the 1840s but the origin in unknown.\u00a0 It might come from the Old English d<\/em>\u012bc<\/em>, meaning \u2018embankment\u2019, but it is more likely that it is a forename eponym, named after an unidentified farmer or landowner named Richard<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u201cDICKY BIRD\u201d ESTATE <\/strong>is a residential area in Fern Grove<\/strong> east of Bury<\/strong> that was built in the 1930s.\u00a0 It was given the name because many of the roads have bird names \u2013 Linnet Drive, Chaffinch Drive, etc.\u00a0 \u2018Dicky bird\u2019 has been a colloquial or children\u2019s term for a bird since 1744 and was popularised by the nursery rhyme \u2018Two little dicky birds sat on a wall, One named Peter, one named Paul\u2019.\u00a0 This was originally \u2018There were two blackbirds sat on a hill, One named Peter, one named Gill\u2019, but the wording was changed early in the 19th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DIDSBURY <\/strong>is a suburb of the City of Manchester<\/strong> lying on the north bank of the River Mersey<\/strong> approximately 8 kilometres south of the city centre.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1246 as Dedesbiry<\/em>, meaning \u2018Dyddi\u2019s stronghold\u2019, probably referring to an Anglo-Saxon leader who had a burh<\/em> (\u2018fortified place\u2019) overlooking a ford across the Mersey.\u00a0 Didsbury gives its name to Didsbury, Alberta, Canada.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DIGGLE<\/strong> is a village in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, although in the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the late 12th<\/sup> century as Diggel<\/em> and there are two theories about the derivation.\u00a0 One is that it is from the Old English degle<\/em>, meaning \u2018valley\u2019.\u00a0 The other is that it means \u2018ditch hill\u2019 from Old English d<\/em>\u012bc<\/em> + hyll<\/em>.\u00a0 Diggle lends its name to Diggle Reservoir, which was built in about 1795-1800 to supply water for the Huddersfield Narrow Canal.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DIMPLE<\/strong> is a village in the Ribble valley north of Egerton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is thought to come from Old English dumpel<\/em> or dympel<\/em>, meaning \u2018a pit or a hollow\u2019 and therefore \u2018a pool\u2019.\u00a0 The Old English word gives us modern \u2018dimple\u2019 and \u2018dump\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DIVISION BRIDGE <\/strong>See<\/em> ROYAL GEORGE AQUEDUCT<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DIXON FOLD <\/strong>is a residential area in Clifton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1841, when the Manchester & Bolton Railway opened its Dixon Fold station.\u00a0 The name would seem to be an eponym:\u00a0 Dixon<\/em> may refer to a farming family who were involved in the textile industry in the 18th<\/sup> century; Fold <\/em>is taken from Old English fald<\/em>, \u2018an enclosure for animals or a small group of cottages\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DOBB BROW <\/strong>is a village west of Westhoughton<\/strong> beside Pennington Brook<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is named after John Dobb<\/em>, who obtained the lease for the area in 1777 and let out plots for cottages, many to handloom weavers. \u00a0Brow<\/em> is from Old English bru<\/em> meaning \u2018a steep hill or bank that leads up from a river\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DOBCROSS<\/strong> is one of the villages of Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> that was in the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1662.\u00a0 \u00a0One suggestion is that it is an eponym and that Dob<\/em> is the name of an unknown person.\u00a0 Another is that it means \u2018the place where horses cross\u2019 from dob<\/em>, a now obsolete word meaning \u2018a muddy or stagnant pool, a deep pool in a river\u2019.\u00a0 This might refer to an ancient crossing point over the local River Tame<\/strong> on a packhorse route across the Pennines<\/strong> between Lancashire<\/strong> and Yorkshire<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DOCTOR LANE HEAD<\/strong> is a hamlet at the head <\/em>(i.e. the top) of Doctor Lane north-west of Uppermill<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Doctor Lane takes its name from Dr<\/em> George Byrom (1589-1656), a member of the Byrom family of Salford<\/strong> after whom several streets in Salford and Manchester<\/strong> are named.\u00a0 Byrom was a doctor of divinity and the rector of Thornton-le-Moors in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 He purchased land in the area in 1639 and later moved there after falling foul of the puritan authorities because of his support for the royalists during the civil war.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DODGE HILL <\/strong>is an area west of Lancashire Hill <\/strong>in Stockport<\/strong> named after the Dodge <\/em>family, 17 of whom were mayors of the town between 1433 and 1812.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 15th<\/sup> century, when William Doggerson held land in Stockport.\u00a0 Two Dodge brothers emigrated to America in 1629 and it is often said that Dodge City in Kansas and the Dodge Motor Cars company were founded by their descendants or relatives, but there is little hard evidence that either of these claims is true.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DOFFCOCKER<\/strong> is a residential and recreational area in north-west Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1874, when Doffcocker Lodge was built as a reservoir for local mills.\u00a0 There are two theories about the origin of the name.\u00a0 One is that it means \u2018dark winding stream\u2019, from the Celtic dubh<\/em> (\u2018dark, black\u2019) + cocr<\/em> (\u2018winding stream\u2019).\u00a0 More fancifully, it may recall a Scotsman who had to doff<\/em> (\u2018remove\u2019) his cockers<\/em> (Scottish and Lancashire<\/strong> word for \u2018stockings\u2019 or \u2018boots\u2019) in order to cross the stream that flowed into Doffcocker Lodge.\u00a0 Doffcocker Lodge was created as a nature reserve in 1992.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

DOG KENNEL BROOK \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> MAINE ROAD<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DOG POOL BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong> that rises south-east of Hindley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and flows south-west to join Borsdane Brook<\/strong>, which ultimately empties into Glaze Brook.\u00a0 The name does not appear on maps until the Ordnance Survey of the 1890s and the origin is uncertain \u2013 perhaps it rises in a pool that was known locally as Dog Pool<\/em> and this name was applied to the stream.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DOLEFIELD<\/strong> today is a street in the Spinningfields<\/strong> area of the City of Manchester<\/strong> close to the River Irwell<\/strong>, but in the past it was an area in itself and was originally proposed as the terminus of the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The place is not well documented before 1777 and means \u2018a field in an area of common land\u2019, from the Old English dole<\/em> (\u2018common land shared out among local people\u2019) + feld<\/em> (\u2018open space, field\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River DOUGLAS<\/strong> rises on Winter Hill<\/strong>, joins the River Yarrow<\/strong> and meanders to meet the River Ribble.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1220 as the Douglis<\/em> and takes its name from the Celtic Dubo-glais<\/em>, meaning \u2018black or dark stream\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DOUGLAS GREEN<\/strong> is a former industrial area of Pendleton<\/strong> where William Douglas<\/em> (1745-1810) established one of the first, if not the first, and largest cotton mill in Salford<\/strong> in 1781-1782.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DOVE BANK <\/strong>is a residential area north-west of Little Lever<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>, beside Blackshaw Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the River Croal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears on the Bury tithe map of about 1845 as a field or property name.\u00a0 It is likely that the name means \u2018the slope or hill (Middle English banke<\/em>) where doves (Old English d<\/em>\u016bfe<\/em>) are found or kept\u2019, and local records confirm that dovecotes were used in the area in the 16th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DOVER <\/strong>is a hamlet south of Abram<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the completion of the Leigh<\/strong> branch of the Leeds & Liverpool Canal, which was completed in December 1820, when a flight of four locks was built at Dover.\u00a0 The name is thought to be unrelated to Dover in Kent and to be derived from the Celtic dubr<\/em>, meaning \u2018water\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DOVE STONE <\/strong>or DOVESTONE RESERVOIR <\/strong>lies above the village of Greenfield<\/strong> and west of Dove Stone Moss on Saddleworth<\/strong> Moor in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The reservoir was completed in 1968 but takes its name from a local landmark, Dove Stone<\/em>, which is recorded in 1771.\u00a0 The stone acquired its name from its shape, which was originally similar to a dove, but years of erosion have flattened the top and it is now sometimes referred to as \u201cDuck Stone\u201d.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DOWRY WATER <\/strong>and DOWRY RESERVOIR\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>Dowry Water or Dowry Brook is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong>, which originates from the waters emerging from Dowry and New Year\u2019s Bridge<\/strong> reservoirs east of Denshaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Dowry reservoir was built in 1876-83 but it is evident that the name of Dowry<\/em> is much older.\u00a0 Its origin and meaning are unclear and undocumented \u2013 Dowry Green is recorded in 1724 and Dowry Castle was built in 1867.\u00a0 It is usually said that the name refers of a piece of endowed<\/em> land, although this meaning is not given in the Oxford English Dictionary<\/em>, rather than the marriage dowry of anyone in particular.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DRINKWATER PARK<\/strong> is a 62-hectare park on the River Irwell<\/strong> in Prestwich<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally a country estate dating back to 1389 and was purchased in 1788 by Peter Drinkwater <\/em>(1742-1801), a cotton manufacturer and textile merchant of Northwich.\u00a0 The estate became known as Drinkwater Park and was sold to Salford<\/strong> and Prestwich councils in 1902 for a smallpox isolation hospital.\u00a0 The hospital was closed in 1943 and the land was eventually converted into a public park, which is now administered by the Forestry Commission.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DROYLSDEN<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> on the River Tame<\/strong>, about 6.5 kilometres east of Manchester <\/strong>city centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in about 1250 as Drilisden<\/em> and the modern spelling is found from 1619-1620.\u00a0 It may mean \u2018valley of the dry stream or stream\u2019, from Old English dr\u04efge<\/em> (\u2018dry, dried up\u2019) + welles<\/em> (\u2018stream, well\u2019) + –denu <\/em>(\u2018valley\u2019) but it has also been suggested that it could mean \u2018Drygel\u2019s<\/em> valley\u2019 from an Anglo-Saxon personal name.\u00a0 Old English dr\u04efgel<\/em> means \u2018a small person of dried-up appearance\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DRY BROOK <\/strong>and DRY CLOUGH<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0Dry Brook is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises on Broadstone<\/strong> Moss in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows north through Dry Clough to meet South Brook<\/strong>, which then flows north -west into Diggle <\/strong>Brook, which joins the Tame near Diggle.\u00a0 The names are not well documented but are probably literal \u2013 \u2018dry stream\u2019 and \u2018dry valley\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DUCIE BRIDGE\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>There are two bridges in central Manchester<\/strong> called Ducie Bridge:\u00a0 Ducie road bridge over the River Irk <\/strong>built in 1814-16 and a railway bridge over Great Ducie Street built by the Liverpool & Manchester Railway in 1842 as it extended its line to Victoria Station<\/strong>.\u00a0 Both are named after the Ducie<\/em> family of landowners who inherited Strangeways<\/strong> Hall in the early 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Apart from owning land, the family seem to have had little to do with Manchester, although the 3rd<\/sup> Baron Ducie (1739-1808) was an MP for Lancaster in 1784-1785.\u00a0 The family name originated in the 13th<\/sup> century as an Anglicised version of the Gaelic O\u2019Dubhghusa, a personal name meaning \u2018black vigour\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DUKINFIELD<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, although included in Cheshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 It lies on the south bank of the River Tame<\/strong>, east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name was recorded in the 12th<\/sup> century as Dokenfeld<\/em>, meaning \u2019field of ducks\u2019, from Old English d<\/em>\u016bcena<\/em> (\u2018of ducks\u2019) + feld<\/em> (\u2018open space, field\u2019).\u00a0 Presumably the ducks were on the River Tame but they could also refer to domesticated ducks.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DUMPLINGTON <\/strong>is a locality in Urmston <\/strong>in the City of Salford<\/strong>, about 9 kilometres south-west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1229 as Dumplinton<\/em> and its modern spelling is found from 1623.\u00a0 The meaning is usually given as \u2018the village or enclosure by a pool\u2019, from the Old English dympel-<\/em> (\u2018a dip, pool\u2019) + -ing-<\/em> (\u2018associated with\u2019) + –t<\/em>\u016bn <\/em>(\u2018enclosure, village\u2019).\u00a0 An alternative is that it means \u2018the village or enclosure of the followers of Dumola<\/em>\u2019, from the personal name + -inga<\/em>– (\u2018followers of, named after\u2019) + –t<\/em>\u016bn.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DUNHAM MASSEY<\/strong> is a 17th-century stately home and 120-hectare estate with deer and other wildlife such as herons.\u00a0 It is located on the River Bollin<\/strong> south-west of Altrincham<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The nearby village of Dunham<\/em> is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Doneham<\/em> and means \u2018homestead on a hill\u2019 from the Old English d<\/em>\u016bn-,<\/em> \u2018hill\u2019 + –h<\/em>\u0101m<\/em>, \u2018village, homestead\u2019, probably referring to what is now the village of Dunham Town.\u00a0 Massey<\/em> was added as the name of the Anglo-Norman de Masci barons and is first recorded in 1362.\u00a0 The Massey line died out in the 14th<\/sup> century but the house remained in private ownership until 1976, when it was left to the National Trust.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DUNHAM NEW PARK <\/strong>is a 14.6-hectare park owned by the National Trust as part of the Dunham Massey<\/strong> estate south-west of Altrincham<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The original park was part of the Dunham estate mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) but in 1765 the Earl and Countess of Stamford created the New Park.\u00a0 It was used as an American army camp and, later, a prisoner-of-war camp during World War II and was left to the National Trust in 1976.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DUNHAM TOWN\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> DUNHAM MASSEY<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DUNHAM WOODHOUSES <\/strong>is a village north of the Dunham Massey<\/strong> estate in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford <\/strong>and it is likely that it was originally a settlement of estate workers\u2019 cottages.\u00a0 Dunham <\/em>means \u2018homestead on a hill\u2019 from the Old English d<\/em>\u016bn-,<\/em> \u2018hill\u2019 + –h<\/em>\u0101m<\/em>, \u2018village, homestead\u2019.\u00a0 Woodhouses<\/em> is recorded as Wodehouse<\/em> in 1522 and means \u2018houses in a wood\u2019 from Old English wudu<\/em> + h<\/em>\u016bs<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DUNISHBOOTH BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Spodden<\/strong> that rises north of Catley Lane Head<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1180 and means \u2018the small or temporary hut (Old Norse b<\/em>\u014dth<\/em>\/Middle English bothe<\/em>) belonging to (Old English -ing<\/em>) Dunning<\/em> (Anglo-Saxon personal name)\u2019.\u00a0 Today there are still farms at Higher and Lower Dunishbooth.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DUNSCAR <\/strong>is an area close to Egerton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, that was formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is also the site of Dunscar Wood.\u00a0 The name was first recorded in the 12th<\/sup> century as Dungecarre <\/em>and means \u2018dung marsh\u2019 from the Old English dynge<\/em> (\u2018dung\u2019) + carr<\/em> (\u2018swamp\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DUNWOOD PARK <\/strong>is a 12-hectare public park in Crompton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The land was donated to Crompton council by Captain Abram Crompton, a local landowner, in 1911 and the park was opened in 1912.\u00a0 At the time the land was described as \u2018a high hill, wooded in parts\u2019, which fits its Old English derivation \u2013 d<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019) + wudu<\/em> (\u2018wood, forest\u2019).\u00a0 In 1926 a fountain was erected in the park \u2018as a mark of appreciation of the self-sacrifice and devotion of women of Crompton during the Great War\u2019.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DURN <\/strong>is a village north east of Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> located beside a road leading up to Blackstone Edge<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the late 18th century, when Durn Lock and Durn Bridge on the Rochdale Canal were built.\u00a0 It is probably derived from Old English derne<\/em> or dierne<\/em>, meaning \u2018hidden\u2019 because it was covered with vegetation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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E<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EAGLEY<\/strong> is a village in Turton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded only as Eagley Bridge<\/em> until the early 19th<\/sup> century, but the stream was harnessed to power cotton mills from 1796.\u00a0 The owners built a model village named simply Eagley for the workers.\u00a0 The mills were closed in the 1970s but have been converted into a residential complex.\u00a0 The name may derive from the Old English \u0101c<\/em>, meaning \u2018oak\u2019 + l\u0113ah<\/em>, \u2018woodland clearing\u2019.\u00a0 Given its position on Eagley Brook, a tributary of the River Tonge<\/strong>, it is perhaps more likely that it comes from Old English \u0113a<\/em>, meaning \u2018river\u2019, + l\u0113ah<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EALEES<\/strong> is a rural area south-east of Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 Ealees Hall is recorded in 1561 and the name means \u2018clearings beside a brook or river\u2019, from the Old English \u0113a<\/em> (\u2018river\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (woodland clearing\u2019).\u00a0 The reference is to Hollingworth <\/strong>Brook, which flows down the Ealees Valley, merges with Ealees Brook and flows into the River Roch<\/strong> at Littleborough.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EASTLANDS<\/strong> is a regenerated area 1.5 kilometres east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre that was formerly known as Bradford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The Eastlands name seems to have been first used in the early 1990s when, following the closure of Bradford colliery in 1969, the area was transformed for the hosting of the 2002 Commonwealth Games.\u00a0 The centrepiece was the stadium that is now known as the Etihad Stadium.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EASTWOOD NATURE RESERVE <\/strong>is a 4.7-hectare woodland area in Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside <\/strong>administered by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds.\u00a0 It takes its name from Eastwood<\/em> House, the home of John Cheetham (1835-1916), a local cotton manufacturer.\u00a0 He bequeathed Eastwood and neighbouring Cheetham Park<\/strong> to the people of Stalybridge.\u00a0 Eastwood Nature Reserve was opened to the public in 1931.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EATOCK LODGE <\/strong>is a 1.21–<\/strong>hectare nature reserve in Westhoughton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was designated as a local nature reserve in 2004 and occupies part of the site of Eatock<\/em> Colliery, which opened in 1890 but was shut down in 1936.\u00a0 The colliery was built on and took its name from Eatock Farm, which is recorded in 1739 as probably belonging in John Eatock.\u00a0 The origin of the family name Eatock<\/em> is uncertain but it has been suggested that it may be Old English \u0113ast<\/em> (\u2018east\u2019) + stoc<\/em> (\u2018outlying settlement or farmstead\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ECCLES<\/strong> is a town in the City of Salford<\/strong>, approximately 6.5 kilometres west of the centre of Manchester<\/strong>, previously in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in about 1200 as Eccles<\/em> and is thought to be derived from the ancient British word ecl\u0113s<\/em> or egl\u0113s<\/em>, meaning \u2018a church\u2019, which may be related to the Latin ecclesia<\/em> and the Greek ekklesia<\/em>.\u00a0 Both mean \u2018gathering\u2019 and hence came to be related to ecclesiastical gatherings.\u00a0 However, there is no record of a church in the area before the 13th<\/sup> century, and it has been suggested that the Anglo-Saxons, who invaded the area in the early 7th<\/sup> century, understood the concept of the church and perpetuated the name, despite not being Christians.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ECKERSLEY MILL <\/strong>is a retail centre in Wigan<\/strong> that is being developed as part of the Wigan Pier<\/strong> conservation area.\u00a0 It takes its name from Eckersley Mills<\/em>, a complex of cotton mills built between 1883 and 1920 for Nathaniel ffarington Eckersley<\/em> and Co..\u00a0 Many of the buildings were demolished in the 1960s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The EDGE<\/strong> is a suburban area of Hollinwood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but would seem to refer to its position on the edge <\/em>(i.e. the border) between Chadderton<\/strong> and Oldham.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1713, when land ownership disputes were settled and this area of moorland was awarded to Oldham.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EDGELEY <\/strong>is a district in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1287 as Edisheleg <\/em>and is derived from the Old English edisc<\/em>, meaning \u2018enclosure\u2019 and + l\u0113ah, <\/em>\u2018wood clearing\u2019.\u00a0 Edgeley Park Stadium was built in 1891 for Stockport Rugby Club but since 1903 it has been the home of Stockport County Football Club.\u00a0 Edgeley<\/em> gives its name to Edgeley, North Dakota, USA.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EGERTON<\/strong> is a commuter village about 5 kilometres north of Bolton<\/strong> town centre in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton.\u00a0 It was originally known as Walmsley after the family that owned the land.\u00a0 In 1663 the step-daughter of James Walmsley married Ralph Egerton<\/em> and the area was then given his family name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ELIZABETH GASKELL HOUSE <\/strong>is a museum on Plymouth Grove in the Chorlton-on-Medlock <\/strong>area of the City of Manchester <\/strong>dedicated to the life and work of the Victorian novelist, Elizabeth Gaskell<\/em> (1810-1865).\u00a0 The house was built in 1835-1841 and Elizabeth Gaskell lived there from 1850 to 1865.\u00a0 It was auctioned off in 1913 on the death of Elizabth Gaskell\u2019s daughter, Margaret Emily \u201cMeta\u201d Gaskell.\u00a0 It was purchased by the University of Manchester in 1969 and used for the university\u2019s International Society until 2000, when it was acquired by the Manchester Historic Buildings Trust as a museum to commemorate Elizabeth Gaskell.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ELK MILL <\/strong>today is a shopping centre in Royton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built on the site of Elk Mill, the last cotton mill built in Lancashire or what is now Greater Manchester<\/strong>, which was completed in 1926.\u00a0\u00a0 It was built by the Shiloh Spinning Company, which was formed in 1874 and took its name from Shiloh in Tennessee in the USA, from where the first shipment of raw cotton to Lancashire had come in the late 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The company named their Royton mill after the Elk <\/em>River in Tennessee.\u00a0 Elk Mill was closed in 1998 and demolished.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ELLENBROOK<\/strong> is a suburb of Worsley<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>, about 11 kilometres west of Manchester <\/strong>city centre.\u00a0 Ellenbrook is first recorded in 1544 as Elynbroke<\/em> and is named after the nearby Ellen Brook, <\/em>a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong>. \u00a0Broke<\/em> clearly means \u2018brook, stream\u2019 but sources often state that the first element is unknown.\u00a0 However, it has been suggested that it is the Old English ellern<\/em> (\u2018elder tree\u2019) or elri<\/em> (\u2018alder tree\u2019), describing the vegetation along the banks.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ELLESMERE PARK <\/strong>is a residential area of Eccles<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It dates from the late 19th<\/sup> and early 20th centuries, when fields were laid out for spacious housing.\u00a0 The name is taken from the owner of the land, Francis Charles Egerton<\/strong>, 3rd<\/sup> Earl of Ellesmere <\/em>(1847\u20131914).\u00a0 The family took their title from Ellesmere<\/em> in Shropshire, an eponym that dates from 1172 and means \u2018Elli\u2019s lake\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ELLENOR BROOK <\/strong>is a short tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong> that flows south through Astley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It then becomes Town<\/strong> Brook and ultimately joins the River Glaze<\/strong> near Lately Common in Warrington.\u00a0 It would seem to take its name from a field, farm or local landowner named Ellenor<\/em> and there are references to Eleano<\/em>r, Elennor <\/em>and Elanor<\/em> in the area in the 17th<\/sup>-19th<\/sup> centuries. There are records of an Eleanor<\/em> Tyldesley (n\u00e9e Holcroft), whose family were landowners in the area in the 17th century, but there is no evidence that the brook was named after her.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ELTON<\/strong> is a suburb of Bury<\/strong> that lies on the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1246 as Elleton<\/em> and is said to mean \u2018Ella<\/em>\u2019s village or farmstead\u2019, from an Anglo-Saxon personal name + -t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>. \u00a0The settlement gives its name to Elton Brook, a tributary of the Irwell, and to Lowercroft Reservoir, which was built in the mid-19th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ENGINE FOLD <\/strong>is a residential area of Walkden<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is derived from fold<\/em> – originally a small homestead established near a coal mine – + engine<\/em>, as the site was originally an industrial works depot set up in 1878 to provide maintenance services for the engines and equipment of the collieries and railways of the Bridgewater<\/strong> Trustees.\u00a0 The facility was closed in 1986 and the area converted into a residential estate.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ERNOCROFT<\/strong> is a rural area of Compstall<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, and Ernocroft Wood forms part of Etherow Country Park<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1226 as Arnwicroft<\/em> and with its modern spelling in 1767.\u00a0 This is said to be an eponym derived from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Earnw\u012bg <\/em>+ croft<\/em> (\u2018small enclosed field\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ETCHELLS <\/strong>is a historical area of north-east Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1154 as Hecheles<\/em> and with its modern spelling from 1302.\u00a0 It is derived from the Old English \u0113cels<\/em>, meaning \u2018addition\u2019, in the sense that this was land added to another place. From 1860 it was divided between Stockport <\/strong>Etchells and Northen<\/strong> (or Northern) Etchells, meaning land attached to Northenden<\/strong>.\u00a0 In 1931, Northen Etchells, including Brownsley Green<\/strong>, Crossacres<\/strong>, Heyhead<\/strong>, Moss Nook<\/strong>, Poundswick<\/strong>, Royal Thorn<\/strong> and Sharston<\/strong>, became part of Wythenshawe <\/strong>and transferred from Cheshire to Manchester<\/strong>. \u00a0\u00a0Stockport Etchells became what are now Gatley <\/strong>and Heald Green<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River ETHEROW <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Goyt<\/strong> that rises on Pikenaze Moor in the Derbyshire Peak District<\/strong> and flows through Longdendale<\/strong> to meet the Goyt north of Marple<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1226 as Ederhou<\/em>, the name of a hill, meaning \u2018stream hill-spur\u2019, from \u0113dre<\/em> (\u2018stream\u2019) + h<\/em>\u014dh<\/em> (\u2018hill-spur, slightly higher piece of ground\u2019). \u00a0Etherow <\/em>is found with its modern spelling from 1767.\u00a0 The river gives its name to the 80-hectare Etherow Country Park in the Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, which was opened in 1968 as one of England\u2019s first country parks.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ETHROP GREEN <\/strong>was a farm and hamlet in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford <\/strong>close to Manchester International Airport.\u00a0 <\/strong>It is recorded in 1535 as Athrop<\/em>, from Old English throp<\/em> or Old Norse thorp<\/em>, both meaning \u2018outlying farm\u2019.\u00a0 However, the name was given as Aplethropp<\/em> in 1558, suggesting it could mean \u2018apple farm\u2019, from Old English \u00e6ppel<\/em>.\u00a0 The farm was demolished when the airport was extended in 1989.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ETIHAD STADIUM <\/strong>was built as the City of Manchester<\/strong> Stadium for the 2002 Commonwealth Games in the area now known as Eastlands <\/strong>(formerly Bradford<\/strong>).\u00a0 In 2003, Manchester City Football Club moved to the stadium from their Maine Road<\/strong> ground and in 2011 a sponsorship agreement with Etihad <\/em>(Arabic for \u2018union, unity\u2019) Airways led to a change of name for the stadium.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EXCHANGE <\/strong>was the Manchester<\/strong> trading centre for the exchange <\/em>of cotton and other commodities.\u00a0 The first was built in 1727 and rebuilt in 1806-1809.\u00a0 This was enlarged in 1847-1849 and its name was changed to the Royal Exchange<\/em> after a visit by Queen Victoria<\/strong> in 1851.\u00a0 The third Exchange was completed in 1874.\u00a0 It was vast and lavishly decorated but was finally closed in 1968 with the decline of Manchester\u2019s cotton industry and was converted into the Royal Exchange Theatre.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EXCHANGE STATION <\/strong>was opened by the London & North Western Railway on 30 June 1884 and was closed by British Railways on 5 May 1969.\u00a0 It took its name from the nearby Manchester Cotton Exchange<\/em>. \u00a0It is now a covered car park named Deansgate<\/strong> North.<\/p>\n

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EYE PLATT BRIDGE <\/strong>and EYE PLATT NEW BRIDGE <\/strong>are road bridges south of Stretford<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford <\/strong>carrying the Chester Road over Kickety Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the River Mersey.<\/strong>\u00a0 Eye Platt Bridge was built in 1577 and replaced an earlier wooden bridge.\u00a0 Eye Platt New Bridge was built in 1932.\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The name means \u2018plot (Old English plat<\/em>) of land in a dry patch of marshy ground (eye<\/em>)\u2019. \u00a0Eye<\/em> is a dialect form of Old English \u0113g<\/em>, meaning \u2018island or piece of dry woodland\u2019.\u00a0 The usual dialect form in the Greater Manchester area is ees<\/em>, but eye<\/em> is also found further west in the Mersey valley near Warrington.<\/p>\n

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F<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FAILSWORTH<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>approximately 6.5 kilometres north-east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1212 as Fayleswrthe<\/em> as is thought to possibly mean \u2018fenced enclosure\u2019 from Old English fegels<\/em>\u00a0(possibly \u2018a hurdle, a fence\u2019) + –worth<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019), or, alternatively, to be an eponym from an Anglo-Saxon personal name Fegel<\/em> or F<\/em>\u00e6gel<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FAIRBOTTOM <\/strong>is or was a hamlet in Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, close to the border with Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Fairbottom Farm is thought to date from the late 17th<\/sup> century and Fairbottom Colliery was probably opened in the early 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The colliery was drained by an early Newcomen steam engine, which is believed to have been installed in about 1765 but which may have been obtained second-hand from Norbury <\/strong>colliery.\u00a0 The colliery lent its name to the Fairbottom Branch Canal, a short branch of the Hollinwood<\/strong> Branch Canal, opened in 1797 to transport coal.\u00a0 The canal was closed in 1932 but parts can still be seen in Daisy Nook<\/strong> Country Park.\u00a0 The steam engine was purchased by Henry Ford and taken to his museum in Dearborn in Michigan in 1929.\u00a0 The meaning of Fairbottom seems quite literal:\u00a0 it overlooks the \u2018fair<\/em> or beautiful valley bottom<\/em>\u2019 of the River Medlock<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FAIRFIELD<\/strong> is a suburb of Droylsden<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> that was part of Lancashire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 Although there are other places in Britain with this name, Fairfield<\/em> in Tameside dates only from October 1783, when Moravian refugees established a church and 22-hectare settlement with the aspirational name of Fairfield<\/em>.\u00a0 The area originally overlooked a field<\/em>, which may have been literally fair<\/em> because of a crop of wheat, lilies or cloth that was being bleached.\u00a0 However, the origin may be Biblical:\u00a0 \u2018the kingdom of heaven is like unto treasure hid in a field; the which when a man hath found, he hideth, and for joy thereof goeth and selleth all that he hath, and buyeth that field\u2019 <\/em>(Matthew 13:44).\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em>Similarly, a Moravian member, John Lees from Clarksfield<\/strong>, sold two of his coal mines in Oldham<\/strong> for \u00a36000 to pay for the building of the village.\u00a0 The parable may have inspired the choice of name in religious settlements elsewhere, such as Fairfield<\/em> in Connecticut, which was established by Puritan colonists in 1639.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FAIRYWELL BROOK<\/strong> is a 6-kilometre stream that rises north of Manchester International Airport<\/strong> and flows north-west to meet Baguley<\/strong> Brook in Timperley<\/strong> to form Sinderland<\/strong> Brook, a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0 Traditionally, it formed part of the boundary between Cheshire <\/strong>and the City of Manchester<\/strong> and today it marks part of the boundary between the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> and the City of Manchester.\u00a0 The name appears on the 1842 Ordnance Survey map and its meaning is thought to be quite literal \u2013 \u2018the stream where fairies are found\u2019.\u00a0 There are a number of places across England with \u2018fairy\u2019 as the first element but most are considered to reflect a wish to be romantic rather than any supernatural belief.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FALINGE<\/strong> is a location in Rochdale<\/strong> on the River Spodden<\/strong> that also gives its name to Falinge Park.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1323 as Falynge<\/em>, meaning \u2018fallow land\u2019, from the Old English f<\/em>\u00e6lging<\/em>, meaning \u2018fallow land\u2019 or \u2018newly-ploughed land\u2019.\u00a0 Falinge Park was opened in 1906.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FALLOWFIELD<\/strong> is a suburb of Manchester<\/strong> some 5 kilometres south of the city centre.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1317 as Fallafeld<\/em> and is said to mean either literally \u2018fallow field\u2019 from the Old English faelh<\/em> (\u2018fallow or newly-ploughed land that has not been planted\u2019) or \u2018fallow-coloured field\u2019 from fealu <\/em>(\u2018pale brown, yellowish\u2019) + –feld.<\/em><\/p>\n

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FARNWORTH<\/strong> is a town on the River Irwell <\/strong>and River Croal<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, 3.2 kilometres south-east of Bolton itself and 13 kilometres north-west of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1185 as Farnewurd<\/em> but the modern spelling is found from 1278.\u00a0 The name means \u2018fern enclosure\u2019 from Old English fearn<\/em> (\u2018fern\u2019) + worth<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018enclosure\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FAR WAIN STONES\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>WAIN STONES<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FEATHERBED MOSS<\/strong> is an upland area of the Peak District <\/strong>National Park in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded on the Ordnance Survey map of 1843 and it is usually said that it refers to the softness of the swampy (Old English mos<\/em>, \u2018swamp, bog\u2019) ground and white colour of the vegetation, which recalled those of a feather bed<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FEATHERSTALL <\/strong>is a locality in Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> that takes its name from Featherstall Brook<\/em>, a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented and there is little agreement as to its origin or meaning.\u00a0 One suggestion is that it could mean \u2018place of feathers\u2019 from Old English fether<\/em>, another that it is an Old Norse personal name, and another that it could be Old English fodor<\/em> (\u2018fodder, cattle feed\u2019) + -stall<\/em> (\u2018stable, cattle stall\u2019).\u00a0 However, there is little evidence for any of these suggestions and none is thought particularly likely.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FENNY HILL <\/strong>is a suburb of Oldham<\/strong>, south-east of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1827 as a hamlet and in 1829 and 1832 as the site of collieries.\u00a0 Legend has it that it was originally named \u2018Fanny Hill\u2019 after a local woman named Frances<\/em> Rogers, but it is more likely that the origin is more literal \u2013 \u2018the hill beside or above a fen or marsh\u2019 from Old English fennig<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FERN BANK <\/strong>is a residential area on the south-eastern edge of Stalybridge <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area was first developed in the early 1890s with large villas by a local builder, William Storrs (1828-94), who named the estate Fern Bank after the house on Mottram<\/strong> Road in which he had lived since at least 1881.\u00a0 The name would mean \u2018the fern<\/em>-covered bank<\/em> or hill\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FERNGROVE <\/strong>is a residential area of Bury<\/strong> popularly known as the Dicky Bird Estate<\/strong>.\u00a0 The estate was built in the 1930s but the name \u2013 in the 19th<\/sup> century spelt both Fern Grove<\/em> and Ferngrove<\/em> \u2013 is recorded in baptismal records in 1830.\u00a0 The name means \u2018the small wood (Old English gr<\/em>\u0101f<\/em>) where ferns (fearn<\/em>) grow\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FERNHILL <\/strong>or FERN HILL <\/strong>is an area of northern Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are many places named Fern Hill or Fernhill in England, all meaning \u2018fern-covered hill\u2019 from the Old English fearn<\/em> + hyll<\/em>.\u00a0 Fern Hill in Bury is recorded in 1851.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The FESTIVAL THEATRE <\/strong>in Hyde<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> was originally built in 1903 as the Queen Alexandra Picture House, named after Queen Alexandra, the wife of the reigning king, Edward VII, and one of the earliest purpose-built cinemas in England.\u00a0 (The word cinema<\/em> in the sense of \u2018a building for showing films\u2019 was not coined until 1911.)\u00a0 In 1951-53 it was rebuilt as the Festival Theatre, taking its name from the Festival<\/em> of Britain, a nationwide celebration of the centenary of the Great Exhibition of 1851 and of Britain\u2019s post-war industrial and artistic revival.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FIRGROVE <\/strong>is a residential area and business park in Milnrow<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is relatively recent and seems to derive from Firgrove Mill<\/em>, which was built in 1870-73.\u00a0 Firgrove Bridge over the Rochdale Canal was built by 1804 and was originally called Wallhead Bridge but was renamed by the time it was rebuilt in 1906.\u00a0 The origin of Firgrove is not documented but it is a common name across England and is usually literal \u2013 in or by a grove<\/em> of fir trees<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FIRSWOOD<\/strong> is a residential area of Stretford <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded on Ordnance Survey maps at the beginning of the 19th<\/sup> century and would seem to take its name from Fir Farm.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FIRWOOD FOLD <\/strong>is a hamlet on Bradshaw Brook<\/strong> 3.25 kilometres north-east of Bolton<\/strong> town centre.\u00a0 The earliest houses, including the birthplace of Samuel Crompton in 1753, date from the 16th<\/sup> century and are said to be the oldest inhabited houses in Bolton.\u00a0 The origin of the name appears to be undocumented but is probably from the Old English fyre<\/em> (\u2018fir\u2019) or fierel<\/em> (\u2018place where oak trees grow\u2019) + wudu<\/em> (\u2018wood\u2019) + fald<\/em> (\u2018enclosure for animals, farmstead\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FIRWOOD PARK<\/strong> is a residential area of Chadderton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name seems to originate in 1844, when James Cheetham built Firwood Mill<\/em> beside the Rochdale<\/strong> Canal, but may have been the name of the area at an earlier date which had taken its name from the local vegetation.\u00a0 In 1990 the area was developed into a large housing estate which perpetuated the name of Firwood.\u00a0 Firwood Mill was demolished in 1960.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FISHPOOL<\/strong>\u00a0is an area of\u00a0the Metropolitan Borough of Bury <\/strong>south of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1843 as an agricultural area and was adopted for the residential district that developed in the late 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name may refer to a local fish pond (one of the few place names referencing fish in Greater Manchester<\/strong>) or to a landowner or farmer by the name of Fishpool<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FITTON HILL<\/strong> is a residential area of Oldham<\/strong>, about 3 kilometres south of the town centre.\u00a0 The area was developed for residential purposes in the 1950s and 1960s on the land of Fitton Hill<\/em> Farm, which had been occupied by the Fitton family since the early 17th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The FLASHES OF WIGAN AND LEIGH <\/strong>is an 800-hectare nature reserve in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan <\/strong>composed of a chain of 8 sites, including Abram Flash<\/strong>, Amberswood<\/strong>, Bickershaw<\/strong> country park, Lightshaw Meadows<\/strong>, Pennington Flash<\/strong> country park, Three Sisters<\/strong>, Wigan<\/strong> Flashes<\/strong> and Viridor Wood<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the towns of Wigan<\/em> and Leigh<\/em> + flash<\/em>, meaning a lake formed by the subsidence of disused mine workings.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FLETCHER BANK <\/strong>is a residential area in Ramsbottom<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> on the east bank of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the early 19th<\/sup> century in reference to fields, a small settlement, quarries and even a type of sandstone used in building.\u00a0 It is thought to be an eponym derived from a family named Fletcher<\/em>, who are known to have lived in the area from the 17th<\/sup> and 18th<\/sup> centuries.\u00a0 Bank<\/em> here means \u2018slope, hillside\u2019 along the valley rather than the actual bank of the Irwell.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FLETCHER FOLD <\/strong>is a residential area south of Bury <\/strong>and east of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1716 as the location of Fletcher Fold House<\/em>, a property built for the Earl of Derby and probably means \u2018the animal enclosure (Old English fald<\/em>) belonging to someone called Fletcher<\/em>\u2019.\u00a0 The Fletchers seem to have been a prominent local family and a nearby estate at Hollins<\/strong> was leased to a Jacob Fletcher in 1756.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FLETCHER MOSS PARK<\/strong> is a 36-hectare botanical garden in Didsbury <\/strong>in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is named after Fletcher Moss<\/em> (1865-1919), the son of a wealthy corn merchant, who purchased the area in 1912 and donated it to the City of Manchester in 1915.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FLETCHER\u2019S CANAL <\/strong>was a 2.4-kilometre canal between the Wet Earth<\/strong> colliery and the Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 1790-1800 by Matthew Fletcher<\/em> (1731\/33-1808), a local mining engineer.\u00a0 The canal was closed in 1952 but parts of the original towpath remain in Clifton<\/strong> Country Park.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FLIXTON<\/strong> is a town in the Borough of Trafford<\/strong>, about 10 kilometres south-west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is an Old Norse-Old English hybrid, first recorded in 1177 with its modern spelling (although it was also recorded with other spellings) and meaning \u2018Flik<\/em>\u2019s village or estate\u2019, from the Norse personal name Flik<\/em> or Flikke<\/em> + Old English -t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>, suggesting Danish settlement in the area at an earlier period.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FLOW MOSS <\/strong>was an area or hamlet on Chat Moss<\/strong> south of Astley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The Liverpool & Manchester Railway opened a station with this name in 1830 but it was closed in 1842.\u00a0 The company opened another station named Flow Moss Cottage in about 1844 but this was later renamed Astley.\u00a0 The name seems to be a reduplication of Old Norse fl<\/em>\u00f3i<\/em>, meaning \u2018marsh\u2019, + Old English mos<\/em>, also meaning \u2018marsh\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FLOWERY FIELD <\/strong>is an area of Hyde<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is aspirational and is first recorded in 1845.\u00a0 It is said to have been chosen by factory owner Thomas Ashton (1808-75), who provided good working and housing conditions for his employees.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FOGGBROOK\u00a0<\/strong>is an area of Offerton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is only recorded in 1849 when it referred to a village and a bridge over Poise Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the River Goyt<\/strong>, but must date from mediaeval times as the suggested meaning is \u2018grassy stream\u2019, from Old English fogga-<\/em> (\u2018long grass left standing in winter\u2019) + br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em> (\u2018stream\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FOG LANE PARK <\/strong>is a 19-hectare public park in East Didsbury.\u00a0 <\/strong>The land was purchased by the local authority in 1926 and the park takes its name from Yorkshire Fog<\/em>, a strain of grass that grows in the area.\u00a0 The name of the grass is first recorded in 1874 and is said to come from its appearance, which resembles that of the smoke billowing from the chimneys of Yorkshire factories.\u00a0 However, this may be folk etymology – fogga<\/em> is an Old English word meaning \u2018grass\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FOLLY BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises in Monton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong> and flows about 9 kilometres north-east to join Worlsey<\/strong> Brook, which eventually joins the Irwell.\u00a0 The origin of the name is not well documented but is it likely that it comes from folly<\/em>, an obsolete or dialect word meaning \u2018clump of trees on a hill or in open ground\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FORDOE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong> that rises on Knowl Moor<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and flows south-east into Greenbooth Reservoir.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name is undated and undocumented, but Fordol <\/em>and Foredole<\/em> are found elsewhere in West Yorkshire<\/strong>, dating from the 14th<\/sup> and 15th<\/sup> centuries.\u00a0 The name in these cases probably means \u2018a field in front of (Old English fore<\/em>) a share of land (d<\/em>\u0101l<\/em>)\u2019, but this meaning and derivation cannot be confirmed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FOUR GATES <\/strong>or FOURGATES <\/strong>is a hamlet north-west of Westhoughton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is situated at the junction of four<\/em> \u2018gates<\/em>\u2019 (i.e. roads, from the Old Norse gata<\/em>) \u2013 Dicconson Lane to Aspull<\/strong>, Chorley Road, Manchester <\/strong>Road and Lostock<\/strong> Road.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1691, when the Fourgates Inn or Hotel was opened.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FOUR LANE ENDS <\/strong>is a hamlet north-west of Tottington<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the four lanes<\/em> that form the crossroads at the centre of the hamlet – Harwood<\/strong> Road and Bradshaw <\/strong>Road.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1800, when Four Lane End colliery was sunk.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FOX PLATT <\/strong>is a residential area on the south-east edge of Mossley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Fox Platt Farm<\/em>, which was purchased in 1925 in order to build a housing estate under the \u2018Homes for Heroes\u2019 scheme funded by the government after World War I.\u00a0 The farm had belonged to John Platt<\/em> (1857-1918), a local landowner, although it is unclear why it was named \u2018Fox<\/em> Platt\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FRED PERRY WALK <\/strong>is a 23-kilometre is a walking path spanning the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> from Reddish<\/strong> in the north to Woodford<\/strong> in the south.\u00a0 The path passes through Houldsworth Model Village <\/strong>and mill, the source of the River Mersey<\/strong> at the confluence of the Tame <\/strong>and the Goyt<\/strong>, Vernon Park<\/strong>, Woodbank Memorial Park<\/strong> and King George\u2019s Field<\/strong>, and Happy Valley<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is named to commemorate Fred Perry (1909-95), who was born in Portwood<\/strong> and won the men\u2019s tennis singles title at Wimbledon in 1934, 1935 and 1936.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FREEHOLD\u00a0<\/strong>is a residential area in Werneth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name dates from the 1860s when John Platt<\/strong>, the mayor of Oldham and the owner of Platt textile machinery factory, purchased some freehold<\/em> land and built houses for the company\u2019s employees which enabled them to vote under the franchise laws of the time.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FREETOWN<\/strong> is a suburb of Bury <\/strong>that was previously known as Chesham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name dates from the 1820s, when one Thomas Greenhalgh bought some land that included Chesham Mill and renamed it Freetown Mill because it was outside the parish boundaries and therefore free<\/em> from tithes.\u00a0 The mill was demolished late in the 20th<\/sup> century and the land is now occupied by Freetown Business Park.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FREE TRADE HALL <\/strong>was a concert hall in central Manchester<\/strong> close to St Peter\u2019s Square<\/strong> built in 1853-1856 on the site of the Peterloo massacre.\u00a0 The Manchester historian A J P Taylor described it as the only building in the world named after an idea \u2013 that there should be free trade between nations without restrictions on imports or exports.\u00a0 It was built on land donated by Richard Cobden (1804-1865), a leader of the Free Trade movement, to commemorate the repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846 \u2013 one of the central demands of the movement.\u00a0 The Free Trade Hall was badly damaged in the Manchester blitz of December 1940, rebuilt after the war, closed in 1997 and again rebuilt as a hotel, retaining the original fa\u00e7ade.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FRENCHES<\/strong> is an area of Greenfield<\/strong> south of Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It includes Frenches Wharf Marina, a waterside facility opened in 2013 as part of the restored Huddersfield Narrow Canal.\u00a0 The area is recorded in 1673 as Frenches<\/em> Farm, thought to be named from the nickname (Frenchy<\/em>) of Thomas Marralew, one of the French Huguenot Mallalieu family that had settled in Saddleworth in the 16th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Frenches Fulling Mill was built in 1715 or 1719, and Frenches Wharf dates from the construction of the Huddersfield Narrow Canal in 1794-1811.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FRIARMERE <\/strong>or FRIAR MERE <\/strong>is the former name of a hamlet in Delph<\/strong> in Saddleworth <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>now known as Heights<\/strong>.\u00a0 A church was built in 1765 on a hillside overlooking Delph but the name is recorded in 1468 as Friar Mere<\/em> from Old English frere<\/em> (\u2018friar\u2019) + m\u01e3re<\/em> (\u2018boundary\u2019), probably referring to an outlying house belonging to the Black Friars from Roche Abbey in Rotherham that is said to have been built in Delph.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FRIEZLAND<\/strong> is a village south-west of Greenfield<\/strong> in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, about 6.5 kilometres east of the town of Oldham and part of the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Freesland <\/em>in 1765 and with its modern spelling in 1783.\u00a0 It clearly relates to the northern Dutch province of Friesland<\/em> but the nature of this relationship is uncertain and three different suggestions have been put forward.\u00a0 The first suggests that it is derived from Fresa<\/em>, a Frisian<\/em> descended from one of the original tribes who invaded England along with the Angles, Saxons and Jutes in the 5th<\/sup> and 6th<\/sup> centuries.\u00a0 The second is that it was applied to an area of Greenfield in the early 19th<\/sup> century because many Dutch or Frisian<\/em> immigrants had come to work at the Royal George Mills, but this is later than the first record of \u2018Friezland\u2019.\u00a0 The third and perhaps the most likely possibility is that the name comes from Friezland<\/em> or Dutch Oats, which were introduced into Yorkshire in about 1740 and became popular with upland farmers because of their good yield.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FRODSHAM\u2019S BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Douglas<\/strong> which rises south of Standish<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, then flows through Frodsham\u2019s Wood and the Standish Park estate and joins the Douglas at Crooke<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is little documented and any link with Frodsham<\/strong> in Cheshire is unclear.\u00a0 The name of the Cheshire market town is probably derived from the personal name Frod <\/em>or perhaps from a ford<\/em> across the River Weaver, but historians of the town state that it is the only place named Frodsham in England and make no mention of Frodsham\u2019s Brook.\u00a0 However, it seems likely that there was a connection:\u00a0 Ralph de Standish (1418-34) owned estates in both Cheshire and Lancashire and a later member of the family, Bishop Henry Standish (c.1475-1535), left \u00a320 in his will for the construction of a bridge to \u2018keep the way clear\u2019 between Frodsham and his home in Standish.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FULLWOOD <\/strong>is a rural area on the eastern edge of Shaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 The name is little documented but there are several places called Fullwood or Fulwood in England, all probably meaning \u2018rotten or foul<\/em>-smelling wood<\/em>, usually in a marshy area\u2019, from Old English f<\/em>\u016bl <\/em>+ wudu<\/em>.\u00a0 Fullwood gives its name to Fullwood Brook, a tributary of the River Beal<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FUR LANE <\/strong>or FURLANE <\/strong>is a residential area of Greenfield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Fur Lane farmhouse and cottage are said to date back to 1645 and are found beside an old packhorse route across the moors to the east.\u00a0 The name in all probability means \u2018boundary road\u2019, deriving from the Middle English marfur<\/em>, \u2018a boundary furrow\u2019, and lane<\/em>.\u00a0 The village itself lies on the boundary of Saddleworth<\/strong> parish.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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G<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GALE<\/strong> is a village north of Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1225 as Gail<\/em>, from the Old Norse geil<\/em>, meaning \u2018a ravine\u2019, referring to its position in the valley of the River Roch<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GALLIPOLI GARDENS<\/strong> is a 0.07-hectare public park and war memorial in Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The memorial commemorating those killed in the First World War was originally erected in 1922 at the Wellington<\/strong> Barracks in Bury but, following the closure of the barracks, was moved in 2009 to Sparrow Park in central Bury.\u00a0 The park was renamed Gallipoli Gardens in memory of the heavy losses incurred by the Lancashire Fusiliers during the Gallipoli<\/em> campaign of 1915-1916.\u00a0 Gallipoli<\/em> in Turkey is derived from the Greek Kallipolis<\/em>, meaning \u2018beautiful town\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GARDEN SUBURB\u00a0<\/strong>is a residential area of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, approximately 3 kilometres south of the town centre.\u00a0 The area was built in 1909 as an experimental development with low-density housing, tree-lined roads and public gardens, all inspired by the \u2018garden city\u2019 movement of Ebenezer Howard (1850-1928).\u00a0 It was named after Hampstead Garden Suburb<\/em>, which had been built in north London in 1907.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GARRET <\/strong>or GARRATT <\/strong>was an inner-city area of Manchester<\/strong> beside the River Medlock<\/strong>.\u00a0 According to Elizabeth<\/strong> Gaskell<\/strong>, \u2018It derives its former name from an old black and white hall of the time of Richard III.\u2019\u00a0 Garret<\/em> Hall had tall towers or turrets that gave it its name, from the Middle English garret<\/em> meaning \u2018watch tower\u2019, as it overlooked and perhaps defended the confluence of the Medlock and Shooters Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 The last parts of the hall were not demolished until 1910 but much of the area was industrialised by the end of the 18th<\/sup> century and Garret Mill, believed to have been built in about 1760, is said to have been the first water-powered cotton mill in Manchester.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GARRICK THEATRE, Stockport\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> STOCKPORT GARRICK THEATRE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GATHURST <\/strong>is a village in Shevington<\/strong>, west of Wigan<\/strong> on the north bank of the River Douglas<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1547 as Gateshurst<\/em>.\u00a0 This is usually said to mean \u2018wooded hill of the goats\u2019 from Old English g<\/em>\u0101t<\/em> + hyrst<\/em>, but it has also been suggested it could mean \u2018gate or pass by the wooded hill\u2019, from Old English geat<\/em> + hyrst<\/em> because of its position beside the River Douglas.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GATLEY <\/strong>is a suburb of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, 5 kilometres north-east of Manchester Airport<\/strong>. The name is recorded in 1290 as Gateclyve<\/em>, meaning \u2018a cliff or bank where goats are kept\u2019, from Old English g<\/em>\u0101ta <\/em>+ clife<\/em>.\u00a0 The current spelling is found from 1602. It was formerly part of Cheshire<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GAYTHORN<\/strong> is an inner-city area of the City of Manchester<\/strong>, south of the city centre.\u00a0 Its origin is obscure but it is known that the Gaythorn Tunnel, which carries the Rochdale Canal beneath Deansgate<\/strong>, dates from 1794, and the Gaythorn Gas Works were built in the area in 1825 and operated for over 100 years.\u00a0 The Gaythorn<\/em> family website suggests that the name may be a corruption of Heythorn<\/em>, which itself is a corruption of Hawthorn<\/em>, from the Old English haga<\/em> + thorn<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u2018GAY VILLAGE\u2019 <\/strong>is an area of central Manchester <\/strong>\u2018with a significant gay population and a high concentration of businesses catering primarily to this community\u2019 (Oxford English Dictionary<\/em>).\u00a0 The first recorded use of the term is from 1975, referring to Coconut Grove, Miami.\u00a0 It seems to have been used in Manchester from the early 1990s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GEE CROSS<\/strong> is a village or suburb of Hyde<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> that was formerly part of Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is said that the village centre dates back to the 11th<\/sup> century, although it is not mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086.\u00a0 The name first appears as Gee Crose<\/em> in 1629 and takes its name from a cross erected by the Gee family, who lived in the area as far back as 1494.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GIANT\u2019S SEAT <\/strong>is a wooded hill near Ringley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, overlooking the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 Although thought to be the site of a prehistoric hill fort, the name is not recorded until the building of the Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal in 1791-1808, when two locks were called Giant\u2019s Seat and the lock-keeper\u2019s cottage was named Giant\u2019s Seat House.\u00a0 <\/strong>It is likely that the name is taken from a local legend but I have been unable to trace any account of this.\u00a0 Since 1954 the hill has been a Scout camp site.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GIBRALTAR WORKS NATURE RESERVE <\/strong>is a 7.8-hectare wooded area alongside the River Tame<\/strong> in Denton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Gibraltar<\/em> Mill, which was built on the east bank of the Tame near Haughton<\/strong> in about 1790 and named to commemorate the British victory over the French and Spanish at the siege of Gibraltar<\/em> of 1779-83.\u00a0 Gibraltar itself is named from the Arabic Jabal T<\/em>\u0101riq<\/em>, \u2018the mountain of Tarik\u2019, the Moorish general T\u0101riq ibn Ziy\u0101d, who crossed the strait from North Africa to capture the Rock in 711.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GIDLOW <\/strong>is a residential area north of Wigan<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is an eponym recorded in 1246 as Guddelawe<\/em>, meaning \u2018Gidda\u2019s hill\u2019 from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019).\u00a0 There is also evidence that it is named after the Gyudelowe<\/em> or Goodlaw<\/em> family from nearby Aspull<\/strong>, who are known to have lived in the area in the 13th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GIGG<\/strong> is a suburban area in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> that is home to Gigg Lane, Bury Football Club\u2019s ground, originally built in 1885.\u00a0 The name Gigg<\/em> comes from gigge<\/em>, a hole in the ground with a fire used for drying flax in the linen-making process.\u00a0 Flax growing and linen making were common in Lancashire<\/strong> and are commemorated by Flax Moss near Haslingden and Gigg Road in Thelwall near Warrington.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GIGG BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Etherow<\/strong> that flows through the Compstall <\/strong>area of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> to meet the Etherow near Compstall Bridge.\u00a0 The name is documented only from 1927 and the origin is uncertain:\u00a0 it may come from gigge<\/em>, a hole in the ground with a fire used for drying flax in the linen-making process, and this suggestion is supported by the fact that the area was known for flax cultivation before the importing of cheap cotton in the 18th<\/sup> and 19th<\/sup> centuries.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GILDA BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong> that runs from north to south through Eccles<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century as le Guldenaleford<\/em>.\u00a0 The derivation is uncertain but it may come from Old English gylden<\/em> (\u2018covered with golden flowers such as marigolds\u2019) + –halh<\/em> (\u2018nook or corner of land\u2019).\u00a0 Today the stream is mostly culverted but its name is retained in Gilda Brook Road in Eccles and nearby Hope <\/strong>(meaning \u2018remote valley\u2019) probably refers to Gilda Brook.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GILLBENT <\/strong>is a residential area of Cheadle<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1661 as Gilbent<\/em> but the origin is uncertain.\u00a0 It has been suggested that it may be Old English cild<\/em> (\u2018child, young person\u2019) + beonet<\/em> (‘bent-grass’) indicating that this was a grassy area (i.e. a common) belonging to or frequented by young people.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GILNOW <\/strong>is a residential area to the west of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the 18th<\/sup> century, when it was generally spelled Gilnough<\/em>.\u00a0 Its origin is usually said to be unknown, but it has been suggested that the first element may be from the Old Norse gil<\/em>, meaning \u2018valley, ravine\u2019, in reference to Gilnow Brook, a tributary of the nearby River Croal<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GIN PIT <\/strong>is a village near Astley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> which takes its name from the Gin Pit Colliery<\/em> in the Lancashire<\/strong> coalfield.\u00a0 The colliery began production in the 1840s and the village developed a few decades later.\u00a0 Gin <\/em>is short for engine<\/em> and describes the horse-powered winding gear in use in many British coalfields since the 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The first houses in the village were built in 1881.\u00a0 The colliery closed in 1958.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GLAZE BROOK\u00a0<\/strong>or RIVER GLAZE <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises south-east of Leigh<\/strong> as Glaze Brook and flows 35 kilometres into the Mersey and the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> at Cadishead <\/strong>as the River Glaze \u2013 the name changes at Lately Common in Warrington.\u00a0 For much of its length it forms the boundary between Greater Manchester<\/strong> and Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in about 1195 as Glasebroc<\/em> and gives its name to the village of Glazebrook in Cheshire.\u00a0 The name means \u2018grey-green stream\u2019, and probably derives from the Celtic glas<\/em>, meaning \u2018grey-green or blue\u2019 + Old English br\u014dc <\/em>(\u2018stream\u2019).\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GLODWICK<\/strong>\u00a0is a residential area of Oldham<\/strong> to the south-east of the town centre.\u00a0 It is first recorded in the 1190s as Glodic<\/em> and the derivation is uncertain.\u00a0 Its meaning may involve reduplication \u2013 the first element may be related to the Celtic clawdd<\/em>, meaning \u2018ditch\u2019, and the second element may be the Old English dic<\/em>, also meaning \u2018ditch or dyke\u2019.\u00a0 This sometimes happened when the second element is added at a later date to explain the meaning of the first element.\u00a0 Glodwick is close to an old Roman road and the ditch may be a fosse beside the road.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GMEX <\/strong>or the G<\/em>reater M<\/em>anchester Ex<\/em>hibition Centre is an exhibition, concert and conference centre in central Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It started life as Manchester Central terminus, which was built by the Midland Railway and Cheshire Lines Committee in 1880 with the second largest span of any railway station in Britain.\u00a0 It closed in May 1969 and was converted into GMEX, which opened in 1982.\u00a0 Since 2007 it has been known simply as Manchester Central.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GOATS <\/strong>is a residential area in the north of Shaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> on the River Beal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The origin and date of the name seem to be undocumented, but it does not appear before 1859, when Goats Mill in Woodend<\/strong> was built.\u00a0 There are several places in Greater Manchester<\/strong> that are derived from \u2018goat\u2019 (Gathurst<\/strong>, Gatley<\/strong>) and it is possible that the name refers to the keeping of goats<\/em> in the area, but a more likely suggestion is that it is derived from Old English gota<\/em>, meaning \u2018stream\u2019, referring to the confluence of Pencil Brook<\/strong> and Old Brook with the Beal in the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GODLEY <\/strong>is a suburb of Hyde<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1211 as Godel<\/em> and Godeleigh<\/em>, and with its modern spelling in 1364.\u00a0 It is an eponym derived from the Anglo-Saxon personal name G\u014dda<\/em> and Old English –l\u0113ah<\/em>, meaning \u2018woodland clearing, pasture\u2019.\u00a0 Godley lends its name to Godley Brook and Godley reservoir, completed in 1851 to supply water to Manchester<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GOLBORNE<\/strong> is a town in the Borough of Wigan,<\/strong> 22.5 kilometres west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1187 as Goldeburn<\/em>, meaning \u2018stream where marsh-marigolds grow\u2019, from Old English golde <\/em>(\u2018marsh marigold\u2019) + burna<\/em> (\u2018stream\u2019).\u00a0 The town now stands on Millingford Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the Mersey<\/strong>, and it is assumed that the name changed to Golborne at some point.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GOLLINROD <\/strong>is a hamlet near Walmersley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury <\/strong>that gives its name to Gollinrod Wood and Gollinrod Gorge.\u00a0 The River Irwell<\/strong> flows through Gollinrod Gorge as far as Brooksbottoms<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the mid-13th<\/sup> century, when Nicholas of the Golynrode<\/em> was given an estate in the area.\u00a0 It is thought that the name is an eponym meaning \u2018Gollin\u2019s clearing\u2019, from an Anglo-Saxon personal name + Old English rod<\/em> (\u2018clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GOOSE GREEN, Altrincham, <\/strong>is a former hamlet in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>, approximately 13 kilometres south-west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1799 and is assumed to mean \u2018village green where geese were grazed\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GOOSE GREEN, Wigan,<\/strong> is a residential area south-west of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is assumed to have once been a village green where people grazed their geese.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GORE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the Mersey<\/strong> that rises in Droylsden<\/strong> and flows west to Gorton<\/strong> Reservoir and Platt<\/strong> Fields Park<\/strong>, where it becomes Chorlton<\/strong> Brook, which then joins the Mersey close to Sale Water Park<\/strong>.\u00a0 Gore Brook gives its name to Gorton<\/strong>.\u00a0 In 1971, Manchester City Council approved an outline planning strategy for Gorton to develop the Gore Brook<\/strong> Valley Park into a conservation area linking Sunny Brow Park in the west with Debdale Park<\/strong> in the east, along the line of the Gore Brook. This was finally designated on 22 December 1993.\u00a0 The name was recorded in about 1250 as Gorbroke<\/em>, from the Old English gor<\/em>, meaning \u2018dirt or mud\u2019, + br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em>, meaning \u2018stream\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GORSE HILL <\/strong>is a residential area of Stretford<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name originates from Gorse Hill Farm<\/em>, which was built in the 18th<\/sup> century and presumably named because of the local vegetation.\u00a0 The farm was purchased in 1934 to make way for residential development and was demolished in 1937.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GORSEY BANK <\/strong>today is an industrial and recreational area west of Stockport<\/strong> on the south bank<\/em> of the Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1844, when it was the site of cotton mills powered by the river.\u00a0 These had been demolished by 1935, when the large Gorsey Bank housing estate was built.\u00a0 This was cleared in the mid-1990s and the Aurora business park was established on the site from 2007.\u00a0 The name means \u2018river bank where gorse grows\u2019, from the Old English gorst<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GORTON<\/strong> is a suburb of Manchester<\/strong>, south-east of the city centre.\u00a0 It takes its name from Gore <\/em>Brook<\/strong>, meaning \u2018dirty stream\u2019, which flows through the area.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1282 as Gorton<\/em>, from the Old English gor<\/em>, meaning \u2018dirt or mud\u2019, + t\u016bn<\/em>, meaning \u2018settlement or farmstead\u2019.\u00a0 Gor<\/em> can also mean \u2018gore, clotted blood\u2019, and this has led to an alternative suggestion that it means \u2018Gore Town\u2019 from a bloody battle between the Saxons and the Danes, but this can be dismissed as folk etymology.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GOSHEN <\/strong>is a residential and recreational area south of Bury<\/strong> in a bend in the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as a croft in 1586 and is taken from the Bible, where Goshen<\/em> is a region of Egypt described as the \u2018best part of the land\u2019 (Genesis 47:6) where there was \u2018no hail\u2019 (Exodus 9:26).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GOWER HEY BROOK <\/strong>is a left tributary of the River Tame<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises north-west of Gee Cross<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> and then flows north-west through Gower Hey Woods to empty into the Tame east of Haughton Green<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Goer Hey<\/em> in 1720, but Gore Hey<\/em> in 1831, Gower Hay<\/em> in 1889 and Gower Hey<\/em> in 1917.\u00a0 The name means \u2018woodland enclosure by or at a gore\u2019, from the old English g<\/em>\u0101ra <\/em>(\u2018piece of higher ground in a valley\u2019) + h<\/em>\u00e6g<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River GOYT<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong> which rises on the moors west of Buxton in Derbyshire<\/strong> and flows north-west to join the River Tame<\/strong> at Stockport<\/strong> to form the Mersey.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1208 as the Guit<\/em> and comes from the Celtic gwyth<\/em> or, more likely, Old English g<\/em>\u04efte<\/em> or gota<\/em> meaning \u2018channel\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The GRACIE FIELDS THEATRE <\/strong>is an entertainment venue near Oulder Hill<\/strong> in Greave<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was named after and opened in 1978 by Dame Gracie Fields <\/em>(1898-1979), the singer, actress and comedian born in Rochdale in 1898.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GRAINS BAR<\/strong> is a residential area north-east of Shaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name means \u2018toll gate on the road to\/from Grains\u2019, which is or was a village east of Diggle<\/strong>.\u00a0 Grains<\/em> is derived from the Old English grein<\/em>, meaning \u2018a river fork or confluence\u2019.\u00a0 The turnpike to\/from Grains was built at the end of the 18th<\/sup> century but the name Grains Bar can be dated to the 17th<\/sup> century and refers to a toll bar<\/em> erected on the road at the border between Lancashire <\/strong>and the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GRANGE <\/strong>is a moorland hamlet in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, north east of Oldham itself.\u00a0 A grange<\/em> was an outlying farm belonging to a monastery, from the Old French graunge<\/em>, originally meaning \u2018granary\u2019.\u00a0 The present hamlet was originally recorded in 1452 as Castleshaw<\/strong> Grange.\u00a0 Like Friarmere<\/strong>, it was linked to Roche Abbey near Rotherham in South Yorkshire<\/strong> until the dissolution of the monasteries in 1538.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GRASSCROFT<\/strong> is a village in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> that was part of the West Riding of<\/strong> Yorkshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1728 with its current spelling and means simply \u2018grass field\u2019 from modern English grass<\/em> + croft<\/em> (\u2018small field\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GRAVEL HOLE <\/strong>is an area of Thornham <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are several places called Gravel Hole or Gravelhole across Britain and all derive their names from gravel<\/em> pits or quarries that were once found there.\u00a0 Most date from the 19th<\/sup> century and Gravel Hole in Oldham is first recorded on the early Ordnance Survey maps of 1840-1845.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREAT BOLTON\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>BOLTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREAT GRUFF <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises on Sail Bark Moss<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>and flows south-east to meet Rimmon Pit Brook<\/strong>, which then joins Greenfield<\/strong> Brook.\u00a0 The name derives from the Old Norse grof<\/em>, meaning \u2018stream; hollow or pit made by a stream\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREAT HORROCKS<\/strong> See<\/em> HORROCKS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREAT HOWARTH <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> HOWARTH CROSS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREAT LEVER <\/strong>is part of the area named Lever<\/em> which consists of several settlements \u2013 Darcy<\/strong> Lever,<\/strong> Great Lever, Lever Edge<\/strong> and Little Lever<\/strong> \u2013 south of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name Lever<\/em> is recorded in 1212 as Lefre<\/em>, from the Old English lefer<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018rush, reed\u2019), so that the entire area would mean \u2018where the rushes or reeds grow\u2019 on the banks of the Irwell<\/strong> and Croal<\/strong>.\u00a0 Great Lever is a suburb of Bolton, lying about 4 kilometres south of Bolton town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in Latin as Magna Leure<\/em> in 1285 and in English as Great Leure<\/em> in 1326.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREAT MOOR <\/strong>is a suburb of Stockport<\/strong>, which was formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 As far back as 1348, this area of southern Stockport was referred to as del Mor<\/em>, from the Old English mor<\/em>, meaning \u2018a marsh or barren upland\u2019.\u00a0 By the 19th<\/sup> century it was divided into Great Moor and Little Moor.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREATER MANCHESTER<\/strong> was formed as a county on 1 April 1974 from parts of south-east Lancashire<\/strong>, north-east Cheshire,<\/strong> and a few parts of Derbyshire<\/strong> and the West Riding of<\/strong> Yorkshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Prior to 1974, governance of the area was divided between the four counties but there had long been demands for a unified authority to coordinate political and social affairs.\u00a0 The term Greater Manchester<\/em> was invented in April 1935 by the Manchester Evening Chronicle<\/em>.\u00a0 Under the headline \u2018Greater Manchester \u2013 The Ratepayers\u2019 Solution\u2019, it noted the \u2018increasing demands for the exploration of the possibilities of a greater merger of\u00a0public services<\/a>\u00a0throughout Manchester and the surrounding municipalities\u2019.\u00a0 It took until 1974 for Greater Manchester to be formed into a county with ten metropolitan boroughs \u2013 Bolton<\/strong>, Bury<\/strong>, Manchester<\/strong>, Oldham<\/strong>, Rochdale<\/strong>, Salford<\/strong>, Stockport<\/strong>, Tameside<\/strong>, Trafford<\/strong> and Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 Eight of these names – Bolton<\/strong><\/a>,\u00a0<\/strong>Bury<\/strong><\/a>,\u00a0Manchester, <\/strong>Oldham<\/strong><\/a>,\u00a0<\/strong>Rochdale<\/strong><\/a>,\u00a0Salford, <\/strong>Stockport<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0<\/strong>and\u00a0<\/strong>Wigan<\/strong><\/a> \u2013 were taken from the largest towns in the new boroughs, but Trafford<\/strong> was selected because of its sporting venues and historical associations, and Tameside<\/strong> was a newly-invented name taken from the River Tame<\/strong> that flows through the borough.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREAT WHINNING GULF <\/strong>and LITTLE WHINNING GULF<\/strong> are feeder streams rising in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flowing south-west to form Culvert Clough<\/strong>, which feeds Rooden Reservoir<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The names are shown on Ordnance Survey maps of the 1880s and 1890s and both mean \u2018the gorse-covered (Middle English whinny<\/em>) ravine (Middle English gulf<\/em>, from French golfe<\/em>)\u2018.\u00a0 Although this meaning of gulf<\/em> is recorded from about 1400 in the Oxford English Dictionary<\/em>, it is extremely rare in place names and this use in Oldham is not found in academic studies of the place names of the counties of north-west England.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREAVE<\/strong> is an area of Spotland<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It would seem that it takes its name from the Greave<\/em> family, who are recorded as owning land in the area, beginning with Ottiwell Greave, who purchased a \u2018messuage\u2019 in 1569.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREAVEFOLD <\/strong>is a residential area north-east of Romiley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The village is thought to have been originally built in the mid-18th<\/sup> century and the name is recorded in 1777.\u00a0 The name means the \u2018grove in a fold\u2019, from Old English gr<\/em>\u01e3fe<\/em> or gr<\/em>\u0101f <\/em>+ fald<\/em>, suggesting an enclosure for animals or people from the surrounding Pennine<\/strong> moors.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREENACRES, GREENACRES HILL <\/strong>and GREENACRES MOOR <\/strong>are all residential areas in north Oldham<\/strong>, about 11.25 kilometres north-east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The names are not well documented before 1620, when a stone cross was noted on the edge of Greenacres Moor.\u00a0 The name literally means \u2018green fields\u2019, from the Old English grene<\/em> + aecer\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018plot of cultivated land; measure of land which a yoke of oxen could plough in a day\u2019).<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

GREENBOOTH RESERVOIR <\/strong>is a large reservoir north of Heywood <\/strong>and south of the Naden<\/strong> Reservoirs in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>supplying water to Rochdale.<\/strong>\u00a0 It was completed in 1963 and involved the submerging of the village of Green<\/em> Booth<\/em>, which was established in the 1840s, when a weaving mill was built there, perhaps on the site of an old corn mill.\u00a0 The name comes from the Old English gr<\/em>\u0113ne<\/em> + Old Norse b\u016bth<\/em>, meaning \u2018a small or temporary shelter\u2019.\u00a0 The \u2018booths\u2019 may have provided shelter for those looking after cattle.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREEN END <\/strong>is a residential area of Burnage<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The place appears as a rural hamlet on the boundary between Burnage and Heaton Mersey<\/strong> in 1819 but its earlier history is not well documented.\u00a0 In 1923 Manchester City Council purchased 31.6 hectares of land in Burnage and subsequently built several estates on this land, including 354 houses on Green End Estate.\u00a0 The two elements \u2013 green<\/em> and end<\/em> \u2013 are clear enough but their combined meaning is uncertain.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREENFIELD <\/strong>is a small residential area north-east of Mossley<\/strong> on the edge of Saddleworth<\/strong> Moor in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It shares its name with Greenfield Brook, which meets Chew Brook<\/strong> above the village of Greenfield and then flows into the River Tame<\/strong>, and with Greenfield Reservoir, which was built in the early 1870s. The name is recorded in 1323 as Grenefeld<\/em> and literally means \u2018green field\u2019, or \u2018green open land\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREENGATE\u00a0<\/strong>is an inner-city suburb in the east of the City of Salford<\/strong> that is often said to be the heart or core of the city.\u00a0 Salford received its Borough Charter in 1230 and was at that time formed around three streets, one of which was Greengate, although it is not clear when the term came into use as early records call it Back Salford.\u00a0 The name evidently dates from mediaeval times as its name comes from the Old English grene<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a grassy spot, a village green\u2019) + Old Norse gata<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a road, a street\u2019), and would therefore mean \u2018the street by or leading to the green\u2019.\u00a0 Henry III gave Salford the right to hold a weekly market and an annual fair in 1228 and it is believed that these were held on a rectangular green on Greengate.\u00a0 In 1845 Engels suggested that the lanes of Greengate \u2018have certainly never been cleansed since they were built\u2019.\u00a0 The area is currently undergoing major regeneration.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREEN GRAIN <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises on the moor of the Peak District <\/strong>National Park in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>and flows north-west into Chew Reservoir, which then joins the Tame at Greenfield<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is little documented and probably means \u2018green<\/em> or grassy river fork\u2019 from Old English grein<\/em>, referring to the numerous tributaries of Chew Brook <\/strong>in this area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREENHEYS <\/strong>is an area south of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 It was formerly a residential area but it is now largely occupied by the Manchester Science Park.\u00a0 It takes its name from Greenheys<\/em>, a house built it 1791 by Thomas Quincey, father of the famous Manchester author, Thomas de Quincey (1785-1859).\u00a0 The house was originally named \u2018Greenhay Hall\u2019 by Mary Quincy to reflect its rural surroundings at the end of the 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Elizabeth Gaskell opened her 1848 novel \u2018Mary Barton\u2019 by contrasting rural Green Heys Fields with the \u2018bustling manufacturing town\u2019 of Manchester:\u00a0 \u2018Here in their seasons may be seen the country business of haymaking, ploughing, etc., which are such pleasant mysteries for townspeople to watch: and here the artisan, deafened with noise of tongues and engines, may come to listen awhile to the delicious sounds of rural life: the lowing of cattle, the milkmaid’s call, the clatter and cackle of poultry in the farmyards\u2019.\u00a0 The Quincy house was demolished in 1852 and the area deteriorated until it was cleared in the 1960s and 1970s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREEN HILL <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Green Hill is a common place name in England and it clearly derived from being on or nearby a green hill.\u00a0 Green Hill in Wigan<\/strong> is a small residential area 2.3 kilometres north of the town centre.\u00a0 It dates from the mid-19th<\/sup> century when there were just a few cottages on a green hill, one of them named Green Hill Cottage<\/em>.\u00a0 The current urban development, which takes its name from the area surrounding the cottage, mainly dates from the 1930s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREENLOW CROSS,<\/strong> GREENLOW MARSH<\/strong> and GREENLOW HEATH<\/strong> were all at one time part of land named simply as Greenlow or Grindlelow in an area south and east of Manchester<\/strong> in what are now Chorlton-on-Medlock<\/strong> and Gorton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name seems to date from the early 14th<\/sup> century but was divided in 1609 into Greenlow Heath in what is now Chorlton-on-Medlock and Greenlow Marsh or Cross in Gorton.\u00a0 The name simply means \u2018green hill\u2019 from Old English gr\u0113ne<\/em> + hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em>.\u00a0 The alternative spelling, Grindlelow, seems to be merely a corruption of Greenlow.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREENMOUNT <\/strong>is a village in Tottington<\/strong> in the north of the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is modern, dating from 1843, and is a re-spelling of Green Mount<\/em>, which is thought to be a rationalisation of the older Greenhalgh<\/em>.\u00a0 Greenhalgh<\/em> gets a passing mention in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Greneholf<\/em>, meaning \u2018green hollow\u2019, from Old English grene\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018a grassy spot\u2019) + holh<\/em> (\u2018hollow\u2019).\u00a0 The area was also formerly known as Nailer\u2019s Green.\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREENSIDE <\/strong>is a residential and recreational area west of Droylsden<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is found as field names on maps of the 1830s, with Far Greenside, Near Greenside, Greenside Hey, Greenside Croft and Greenside Field all labelled along Greenside Lane.\u00a0 The name is fairly literal:\u00a0 the green<\/em> or grassy hillside<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREENVALE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong> that rises in the Littleborough<\/strong> area of the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 Its course and name are not well documented.\u00a0 It is unnamed on early Ordnance Survey maps but Green Vale Mill appears by 1891 and Greenvale Business Park dates from the late 1990s or early 2000s.\u00a0 The name seems to be descriptive \u2013 \u2018the stream in the green valley\u2019<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GRINDLOW MARSH\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>LONGSIGHT<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GRISTLEHURST<\/strong> is an area and a forest in Heywood<\/strong> on the River Roch<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1336 as Gristelyhyrst<\/em> but Grislehurst<\/em> in some 19th<\/sup>-century accounts.\u00a0 The meaning is unclear.\u00a0 Old English hyrst<\/em> means \u2018a wooded hill\u2019 and Old English gristle<\/em> meant the same as modern English \u2018gristle\u2019, but why this was appropriate for the name of the settlement is uncertain.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GROSVENOR SQUARE<\/strong>, also known as All Saints Park<\/strong>, is a public garden in Chorlton-on-Medlock<\/strong>, south of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 Grosvenor Square and Grosvenor Street were laid out in about 1794 and named after Grosvenor Square<\/em> in London as part of the gentrification process of the area, in which fashionable and aristocratic names were given to new streets.\u00a0 Grosvenor Street in London was developed in 1725-31 by Sir Richard Grosvenor <\/em>(1689-1732), whose family name comes from the French meaning \u2018large or fat hunter\u2019.\u00a0 All Saints Church was built beside Grosvenor Square in 1820 and the churchyard and cemetery occupied much of Grosvenor Square until the 1930s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GROTTON <\/strong>is a suburb of Oldham<\/strong> to the east of Oldham town itself. The name can be traced back at least as far as the 15th<\/sup> century and means \u2018gravelly place\u2019, from Old English groten<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018sandy or gravelly soil\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GUIDE BRIDGE<\/strong> is an area of Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is said that its name comes from a bridge over the newly-built Ashton Canal in 1796.\u00a0 This bridge had a \u2018guide post\u2019 or sign post on it and this became the name of the surrounding village.\u00a0 The name was standardised in 1845 when the Sheffield Ashton-under-Lyne & Manchester Railway adopted it for a station that was originally named Ashton & Hooley Hill.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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H<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The H<\/strong>A\u00c7IENDA<\/strong> was a nightclub in Gaythorn<\/strong> in central Manchester <\/strong>which opened in 1982 and influenced what became known as the \u2018Madchester\u2019<\/strong> music scene.\u00a0 The name was inspired by a slogan of the Situationist International, a radical social movement of the 1950s, 60s and 70s \u2013 \u2018The Hacienda Must be Built\u2019, a cry for social and urban change.\u00a0 The name was popularised by Tony Wilson, a music promoter and co-founder of Factory Records, which owned the club.\u00a0 The club was closed in 1997, demolished in 2002 and a block of flats called \u2018The Ha\u00e7ienda Apartments\u2019 built on the site.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HACKING KNIFE<\/strong> is a gritstone promontory above Hyde <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 Its name is thought to derive from its knife<\/em>-like shape.\u00a0 It was formerly part of a farm owned by the Higham family but in 1920 62 hectares were purchased by Hyde Borough Council as a memorial to those killed in the First World War.\u00a0 An 8.4-metre granite obelisk was unveiled in 1921 and a plate commemorating those who died in the Second World War was added in 1963.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HAG FOLD<\/strong> is a residential area of Atherton <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> built on the site of Hag Fold Farm <\/em>in the 1930s.\u00a0 The name has been the source of much speculation and amusement but its origin has not been determined with any certainty.\u00a0 It is almost certain that it has nothing to do with witches and it seems likely, based on the names of other locations in Lancashire<\/strong>, that it comes from the Old Norse h<\/em>\u01eb<\/em>gg<\/em> or Old English hagga<\/em> meaning \u2018an area of trees to be felled or a clearing\u2019 + Old English fald<\/em>, \u2018an enclosure for animals\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HAGGATE <\/strong>is residential area of Royton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It shares its name with Haggate<\/em> in Lancashire<\/strong> but is otherwise not well documented and its meaning is uncertain.\u00a0 Folk etymology suggests that the name comes from an old woman who sat on a gate, but it is more likely to be Old English h<\/em>\u00e6c<\/em> (\u2018hatch\u2019) + geat <\/em>(\u2018gate, gap, pass\u2019), meaning a barred-gate that was the entrance to an estate or parish, or haga<\/em> (\u2018hawthorn\u2019) + Old Norse gata<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a road, a street\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The HAGUE<\/strong> is a hamlet south-east of Mottram in Longdendale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded as Haghe<\/em> in 1339, Haigh<\/em> in 1638 and The Hague<\/em> in 1831.\u00a0 It is related in meaning and etymology to Haigh <\/strong>in Wigan <\/strong>and The Hague, the capital of the Netherlands \u2013 haga<\/em>, meaning \u2018a hedged enclosure\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HAIGH <\/strong>is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1194 as Hage <\/em>but the modern spelling of Haigh<\/em> is found from 1581.\u00a0 The name is derived from the Old English haga<\/em>, meaning \u2018a hedge\u2019 and therefore \u2018an enclosure\u2019.\u00a0\u00a0 The village gives its name to the 100-hectare Haigh Woodland Park, which was originally a mediaeval estate which was laid out as gardens and woodland in the 1860s to hide mining activities.\u00a0 These were purchased by Wigan Corporation in 1945 and opened to the public in 1947.<\/p>\n

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HALE <\/strong>is a suburb of the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> which was formerly part of Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded as Hale <\/em>in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1), where it was said, \u2018There is woodland 1 league long and a half wide, and an enclosure, and a hawk\u2019s eyrie, and half an acre of meadow\u2019. \u00a00At that time, it also included Hale Barns<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name Hale<\/em> is from the Old English halh<\/em> meaning ‘nook or corner of land’, referring to areas of higher dry ground in the marshy areas along the River Bollin<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HALE BARNS<\/strong> is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford <\/strong>about 11 kilometres south-west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 Hale Barns was included within Hale<\/strong> in mediaeval times but was sufficiently prosperous by the late 16th<\/sup> century to be regarded as a separate settlement.\u00a0 The separate name is first recorded in 1616 as Halebarnes<\/em>.\u00a0 The barns<\/em> refer to the tithe barn that had been built to store the villagers\u2019 tithes \u2013 a tenth of all farm produce that was donated to the local church.\u00a0 Tithes made in kind were legally abolished in 1836 and the original tithe barn was demolished in 1848.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HALE MOSS<\/strong> today is a residential and recreational area north of Hale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 While Hale itself is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1), Hale Moss is not recorded on maps of the area until 1790, where it appears as a flood plain formed by Timperley <\/strong>Brook.\u00a0 The name is formed from Hale<\/em> (Old English halh<\/em> meaning ‘nook or corner of land’) + Moss <\/em>(mos<\/em>, \u2018marsh, bog\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HALF ACRE <\/strong>is a residential area of Whitefield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in parish records in 1849 but is thought to be named for a small group of weavers\u2019 cottages around Half Acre Lane<\/em>, referring to the approximate area of the plot on which they were built.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HALLAM CORONATION GARDEN <\/strong>is a small park in Davenport<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is named after Ephraim Hallam <\/em>(1812-1897), who built a cotton mill in Heaviley<\/strong> in 1859.\u00a0 He died in 1897 and bequeathed a small area adjacent to the mill to Stockport Council, which was laid out as Hallam Park in 1902.\u00a0 In 1953 the park was renamed Hallam Coronation Garden to commemorate the coronation<\/em> of Queen Elizabeth II.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HALL I\u2019 TH\u2019 WOOD <\/strong>is a museum in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally a manor house built in the 16th<\/sup> century by the Brownlow<\/strong> family and known as the Hall in the Wood<\/em>, which was rendered as Hall i\u2019 th\u2019 Wood in the local dialect.\u00a0 The building was used as a house of multiple occupancy by industrial families.\u00a0 The most famous occupant was Samuel Crompton<\/strong> (1753-1827), who invented his spinning mule for the manufacture of muslin in about 1779 while living in the hall, and this was known as the Hall i\u2019 th\u2019 Wood wheel at the time.\u00a0 The house was purchased by William Lever (later Lord Leverhulme<\/strong>) in 1899 and donated to Bolton Corporation in 1902.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HALLIWELL<\/strong> is a residential district of Bolton<\/strong>, originally included in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in about 1200 as Haliwalle<\/em>, from the Old English halig<\/em> + wella<\/em>, meaning \u2018holy well\u2019.\u00a0 This refers to an ancient spring which was found in the northern part of what is now Halliwell.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HALL LEE BROOK<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong> that rises west of Westhoughton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>. It flows through Hall Lee Bank Park and eventually joins the Mersey as the Glaze Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Lee Hall<\/em>, the mediaeval home of the Leigh (or Lee<\/em>, Leghe, Lighe) family.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HALO WEST <\/strong>is a 2.4-hectare logistics and industrial estate off Liverpool Road<\/strong> in Eccles<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong> that was given planning approval in 2025.\u00a0 It is one of several such developments across the UK that have been given the name Halo<\/em>, a term was first used in Kilmarnock in 2021.\u00a0 The name is taken from the Halo effect<\/em>, a term coined in 1920 by Edward Thorndike, and defined by him as \u2019a marked tendency to think of the person in general as rather good or rather inferior and to colour the judgments of the qualities by this general feeling\u2019.\u00a0 The term was initially used in educational psychology but it is now applied to regeneration initiatives where brownfield sites rise from the ashes of industrial waste and pollution.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HALSHAW MOOR<\/strong> is a residential area of Farnworth <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but it is thought that by 1604 the land belonged to Robtus de Halsall<\/em>, who gave his name to the village.\u00a0 The family took their name from Halsall, some 15 kilometres north-west of Halshaw, and the name may have been changed to Halshaw over time.\u00a0 A perhaps more straightforward derivation is that the name comes from the Old English halh<\/em> (\u2018flat piece of land beside a river\u2019) + shagh<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018woodland\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HAMER <\/strong>is an area of Wardleworth <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1572 as Hamer<\/em>, from the Old English hamor <\/em>or Old Norse hamarr<\/em>, meaning \u2018steep rock, cliff\u2019, which describes the location of the original village near a hill.\u00a0 Hamer lends its name to Hamer Pasture Reservoir, which was built in the 1860s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HAMPSON GREEN <\/strong>is a hamlet north-west of Haigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The place is not well documented but it shares its name with Hampson Green, a village south of Lancaster, whose meaning is thought to be \u2018the village of Pson, the son of Pusan\u2019, from Old English h<\/em>\u0101m<\/em> + Anglo-Saxon personal name Pson<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HANGING BRIDGE<\/strong> is an ancient sandstone bridge across Hanging Ditch, which used to connect the Irwell <\/strong>and the Irk<\/strong> south of Manchester<\/strong> Cathedral.\u00a0 It is recorded as Hengand Brigge<\/em> in 1343 although references to Hanging Ditch go back to 1316.\u00a0 The present bridge was built in 1421 on the site of an earlier bridge but the present bridge was covered over in 1682 and only uncovered in 1880.\u00a0 There are several theories for the origin of the name:\u00a0 that the original bridge was a Roman drawbridge hung from ropes; that it was an ancient public execution site (Old English hengen<\/em>\u00a0means \u2018gallows\u2019); or that it is sited on a slope (Old English hangende<\/em>).\u00a0 Other suggestions are that the name could refer to the curved shape of the ditch, or to hens found nearby, but the exact origin remains uncertain.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HANGING CHADDER <\/strong>is a hilly area north of Royton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1324 as Hengandechadre<\/em>, meaning \u2018steep hill\u2019, from the Old English hangende\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018hanging; steep\u2019) + the Celtic cader <\/em>(\u2018chair, hill\u2019).\u00a0\u00a0 Nearby Chadderton<\/strong> probably takes its name from Hanging Chadder.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HANGING LEES RESERVOIR<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> was built in 1858-68 as one of the six reservoirs (Ogden, Kitcliffe, Piethorne, Hanging Lees, Rooden<\/strong> and Norman Hill<\/strong>) built in the Piethorne Valley in the second half of the 19th<\/sup> century to supply water to Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Hanging Lees Farm and Hanging Lees Brook, both of which appear on the first Ordnance Survey maps of the area in the 1850s.\u00a0 The name means \u2018the steep (Old English hangende<\/em>, \u2018steep\u2019) pastures (Old English l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em>).\u00a0 The word reservoir <\/em>first appears in English in 1686, borrowed from the French r\u00e9servoir<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HANKINSON <\/strong>or \u2018HANKY PARK\u2019<\/strong> was a residential area of Pendleton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area developed in the second quarter of the 19th<\/sup> century and took its name from the local Hankinson<\/em> family.\u00a0 Robert Hankinson was listed as a calico manufacturer in 1825 and other members of the family later established businesses in the area around what became Hankinson Street, which was known as \u201cHanky Park\u201d.\u00a0 The area was flattened in the 1960s and high-rise blocks of flats built in place of the old terraced houses.\u00a0 Today only a street called Hankinson Way remains.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HAPPY VALLEY<\/strong> is a 17-hectare nature reserve along the Ladybrook<\/strong> valley between Norbury<\/strong> and Womanscroft <\/strong>Bridge in Bramhall<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 Happy Valley<\/em> was a term applied to several areas Britain in Victoria<\/strong>n times as places where industrial workers could enjoy fresh air and a natural landscape.\u00a0 The name is thought to have been applied to the Ladybrook valley in the late 19th<\/sup> century, and is recorded in a report in a local newspaper in 1888.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HARBOUR CITY <\/strong>is an office and residential area in the regeneration area of Salford Quays<\/strong> alongside Erie Basin (formerly Wharf 9).\u00a0 It was originally planned in the 1980s but was not developed until the 1990s to be ready for the Harbour City Metrolink stop at Harbour City, which opened on 6 December 1999.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HARCLES HILL<\/strong> is a 371-metre flat-topped hill west of Ramsbottom<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is also known as Holcombe<\/strong> Hill and is capped by the Peel Monument<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1236 as Arkilis<\/em> or Arkeles hou<\/em>, from the Old Norse personal name, Arnkell<\/em>, + haugr<\/em>, meaning \u2018hill\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HARDY<\/strong> was a hamlet in south Manchester<\/strong> that was combined with nearby Chorlton<\/strong> to form Chorlton-cum-Hardy<\/strong>, i.e. Chorlton-with-Hardy.\u00a0 Hardy is recorded separately in 1555 as Hardey <\/em>and is said to mean either \u2018Hearda\u2019s island\u2019 from the Old English personal name Hearda<\/em> + \u0113g <\/em>(\u2018island, river meadow\u2019) or \u2018hard island\u2019 from Old English heard<\/em> + \u0113g<\/em>.\u00a0 Although some claim that the combined name occurs as early as 1700, the date is usually given as 1842 and is said to have been promoted by Victorian residential property developers to distinguish Chorlton from Chorlton-on-Medlock<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

HARE HILL PARK <\/strong>is a 4-hectare public park in the centre of Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 It goes back to 1774, when Lawrence Newall purchased Town House, which was renamed Hare Hill House<\/em> at some point.\u00a0 The house was enlarged in 1870 but sold to Littleborough Urban District Council in 1900.\u00a0 The house became the town hall and the gardens became a public park.\u00a0 The name is believed to be literal \u2013 a hill<\/em> where hares<\/em> were found.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HARESHILL <\/strong>is a residential and commercial area of Heywood <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Hayshill<\/em> in 1847 and as Hareshill<\/em> in 1890.\u00a0 The name is thought to be quite literal, meaning \u2018the hill<\/em> where hares<\/em> are found\u2019, from Old English hara <\/em>+ hyll<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HARPER GREEN <\/strong>is a neighbourhood of Farnworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, about 20 kilometres north-west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is taken from the landowning Harper<\/em> or Harpur<\/em> family, who lived in the area in the 18th<\/sup> century and earlier.\u00a0 It is said that Green<\/em> comes not from the Old English gr\u0113ne<\/em>, meaning \u2018field, village green\u2019, but a bleaching green, a field used in textile manufacture where cloth was laid out to be bleached by the sun.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HARPURHEY<\/strong> is an inner-city suburb of the City of Manchester<\/strong>, about 5 kilometres north-east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1320 as Harpourley<\/em> and means \u2018Harpour\u2019s enclosure\u2019 from William Harpour<\/em>, who owned the area in the 14th<\/sup> century, + Old English hege<\/em> or h<\/em>\u00e6g<\/em>, meaning \u2018enclosure, hedge or hay\u2019.\u00a0 The area remained rural until the second quarter of the 19th<\/sup> century, when intensive cotton manufacture developed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HARRIDGE PIKE\u00a0<\/strong>is a 395-metre hill above the River Tame<\/strong> in Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded with its modern spelling in 1840 but may be older \u2013 perhaps a corruption of highridge<\/em>, from Old English h\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018high\u2019) + hrycg <\/em>(\u2018ridge\u2019) + pike <\/em>(\u2018pointed hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HARROP DALE, HARROP EDGE, HARROP GREEN <\/strong>and HARROP RIDGE<\/strong> are all rural localities to the north of Diggle<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>. \u00a0Harrop <\/em>is recorded with its modern spelling in 1274 and probably means \u2018hare\u2019s valley\u2019 from Old English hara<\/em> (\u2018hare\u2019) + hop<\/em> (\u2018small valley\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HARROP EDGE <\/strong>is a rural area west of Mottram in Longdendale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1360 as Harop<\/em>, as Harroppe Edge<\/em> in 1631 and with its modern spelling in 1831.\u00a0 It may mean \u2018ridge in hare\u2019s valley\u2019 from Old English hara<\/em> (\u2018hare\u2019) + hop<\/em> (\u2018small valley\u2019) + ecg<\/em> (\u2018ridge, escarpment\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HART COMMON <\/strong>is a village in Westhoughton <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1541 and would seem to refer to the local Hart <\/em>family, who lived in the area from the mid-15th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The family name is almost certainly taken from Old English heorot<\/em> (\u2018hart, stag\u2019) and indeed Hart Common golf club has a stag as its logo.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HARTSHEAD GREEN<\/strong>, originally HARTSHEAD<\/strong>, is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1200 as Hertesheud<\/em>, meaning \u2018hart\u2019s or deer\u2019s hill\u2019 from Old English heorot<\/em> (\u2018hart\u2019) + h\u0113afod<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019).\u00a0 The hill referred to is Hartshead Pike, which comes from the Old English pike <\/em>(\u2018pointed hill\u2019).\u00a0 The hill is thought to have been used as a beacon in mediaeval times and a tower was built near the top in 1751.\u00a0 The tower, or monument, was replaced in 1863 and now has a height of 290 metres.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HARWOOD<\/strong> and HARWOOD LEE<\/strong> are residential areas in northern Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded from 1212 as Harewode<\/em>, meaning \u2018grey wood\u2019, from Old English h<\/em>\u0101r <\/em>(\u2018grey, old\u2019) + wudu<\/em> (\u2018wood, forest, timber\u2019), or possibly \u2018wood where hares are found\u2019, from Old English hara<\/em> + wudu<\/em>.\u00a0 \u2018Lee\u2019 comes from Old English l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em>, meaning \u2018woodland clearing\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HASLAM PARK <\/strong>is a 2.2-hectare public park and nature reserve in Deane<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It lies on part of a large estate donated to the borough in 1908 by Mary Haslam<\/em> in memory of her father, John Haslam<\/em> (1823-1899), and his brother, Joseph, who had been born in Bolton in 1821.\u00a0 The Haslam brothers owned a cotton-manufacturing business in Preston.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HATHERLOW <\/strong>is a hamlet between Romiley <\/strong>and Bredbury<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The settlement dates from 1705, when non-conformists were evicted from Chadkirk <\/strong>and bought land in Hatherlow, opening their new chapel in 1706.\u00a0 The name means \u2018heather hill\u2019 from Old English h<\/em>\u01e3ddre <\/em>(\u2018heather\u2019) + hl<\/em>\u0101w <\/em>(\u2018hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HATHERSHAW\u00a0<\/strong>is a residential area in Oldham<\/strong>, just south of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1280 as Halselinechaw Clugh<\/em>, meaning \u2018heather-wood valley\u2019, from Old English h<\/em>\u01e3ddre <\/em>(\u2018heather\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018small wood, copse\u2019) + cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em> (\u2018ravine, valley\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HATTERSLEY <\/strong>is a residential area south of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, 16 kilometres east of Manchester.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1248 as Hattirsleg<\/em>, meaning \u2018wood of the stags\u2019, from Old English h\u0113ah-d\u0113or<\/em> (\u2018high deer\u2019 i.e. \u2018antlered-stag, hart\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018woodland, clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HAUGH<\/strong> is a small residential area east of Newhey<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1549 as le Halcht<\/em>, meaning \u2018enclosure\u2019, from the Old English halh<\/em> or haga<\/em>.\u00a0 Haugh gives its name to Haugh Brook, a tributary of Piethorne Brook<\/strong>, which feeds the six reservoirs of the Piethorne Valley.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HAUGHTON<\/strong> is a residential area of eastern Denton<\/strong>, often divided into Haughton Green in the north and Haughton Dale in the south, in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1307 as Halghton<\/em>, meaning \u2018settlement in a nook\u2019, from Old English halh<\/em> (\u2018corner, nook\u2019, often in reference to a hollow in a river bend) + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018village, enclosure\u2019), referring to the bend in the River Tame<\/strong>, which Haughton overlooks.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

HAULGH <\/strong>is a residential area in Bolton<\/strong>, often linked administratively and politically with Tonge<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1332 as Halgh<\/em>, from the Old English English halh<\/em> (\u2018corner, nook\u2019, often in reference to a hollow in a river bend), referring to the tongue (hence Tonge) of land between the Rivers Tonge <\/strong>and Croal<\/strong> on which both Tonge and Haulgh lie.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HAVELEY HEY <\/strong>was a rural area in Northern Etchells<\/strong> in Cheshire<\/strong> which was absorbed into Wythenshawe<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong> in the 1930s.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1318 as Alveleyhey<\/em>, meaning \u2018enclosure at \u00c6lfa\u2019s<\/em> clearing\u2019, from an Anglo-Saxon personal name + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018clearing\u2019) + haeg\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018enclosure\u2019).\u00a0 Today, the name is retained in a park, a school and a road in Benchill<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HAWK GREEN<\/strong> is a village south of Marple<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 A map of 1817 records the name as Half Green and this name survives in the street name Half Acre Terrace, presumably referring to a mediaeval farm or field.\u00a0 By 1840 the name was recorded as Hawk Green from the Old English hafoc<\/em> (\u2018hawk\u2019) + gr<\/em>\u0113ne<\/em>, recalling an older name of Hawk Field and suggesting an area where hawks were found or kept, perhaps for hunting.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HAWKLEY <\/strong>is a residential area on the southern edge of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1512 as Hawkley<\/em>, meaning \u2018hawk\u2019s glade\u2019, from Old English hafoc<\/em> (\u2018hawk\u2019) + l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018woodland, clearing\u2019).\u00a0 Hawkley shares its name with Hawkley Brook, a tributary of the River Douglas<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

HAWKSHAW <\/strong>is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1218 as Hauekesheghe<\/em>, meaning \u2018hawk wood\u2019, from the Old English hafoc<\/em> (\u2018hawk\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018small wood, copse\u2019).<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

HAZEL GROVE<\/strong> is a suburb in the south of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The village was originally called Bullock Smithy<\/strong>, but it got a reputation for unruly behaviour and in 1836 the name was changed to the more aspirational Hazel Grove<\/em>.\u00a0 There is disagreement as to whether the name literally means \u2018a grove where hazels grow\u2019 or whether it is a revival of an older name.\u00a0 The older name was Hesselgrove<\/em> or Hesselgrave<\/em>, which is recorded in 1690, a name meaning \u2018the gravel pit belonging to someone called Hesse<\/em>l\u2019.\u00a0 The name Hazel Grove was standardised in 1857 when the London & North Western Railway adopted it for the station built there.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HAZELHURST <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0There are at least three places named Hazelhurst in Greater Manchester \u2013 in Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong>, Ramsbottom <\/strong>and Swinton<\/strong> – all meaning \u2018hill covered with hazel trees\u2019, from Old English haesel<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018hazel-tree\u2019) + hyrst<\/em> (\u2018wooded hill\u2019).\u00a0 Hazelhurst in Swinton is a residential area in the City of Salford <\/strong>and was recorded in 1325 as Haselhirst.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEADY HILL <\/strong>is a village west of Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears on a map of 1785 and is said to derive from the old English heafod<\/em>, referring to a promontory or head<\/em>land, or a piece of land that is the source (\u2018head<\/em>\u2019) of a stream.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEALD GREEN<\/strong>\u00a0is a suburb of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears only in 1841 and was standardised when the London & North Western Railway opened a station there in 1909.\u00a0 The origins of the name are uncertain.\u00a0 One possibility is that it takes its name from Leuk del Helde<\/em>, who was living in the area in 1289 and whose family name may be derived from the Middle English helde<\/em>, meaning \u2018slope\u2019.\u00a0 Another theory is that the name comes from a heald<\/em> or heddle<\/em>, a weaving device that is first recorded in 1483.\u00a0 This theory is supported by the fact that there were known to be weavers\u2019 cottages in the area from the late 18th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEALDS GREEN <\/strong>is a small village north of Chadderton <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded from 1789, when a Methodist chapel was built there.\u00a0 The origin of the name is uncertain, but, given the terrain, may be from Old English helde<\/em>, meaning \u2018a steep slope\u2019.\u00a0 It has also been suggested that it could be an eponym:\u00a0 the village green belonging to someone called Heald<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEALEY,<\/strong> HEALEY DELL NATURE RESERVE <\/strong>and HEALEY NAB<\/strong>.\u00a0 Healey is an area of the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> which was formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded as Helei <\/em>in 1215 and means \u2018the high lea\u2019, from the Old English heah<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a high place, a height\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a glade, clearing\u2019).\u00a0 Nearby are the Healey Dell Nature Reserve, through which the River Spodden<\/strong> flows, and Healey Nab, a 208-metre hill that takes its name from the Old Norse nabbi<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a peak, a knoll, a hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEAP BRIDGE <\/strong>is an area in Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>, formerly part of Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Heap was a township on the south bank of the River Roch<\/strong> and is first recorded in 1278 as Hep<\/em> in 1226 and Hepe<\/em> in 1278.\u00a0 The name is taken from Old English h\u0113ap<\/em> meaning \u2018heap or pile\u2019 and, by extension, \u2018hill\u2019.\u00a0 Heap itself was absorbed into Heywood in 1894 but Heap Bridge survives as a locality.\u00a0 It is documented as Heipp brige<\/em> in 1551 and the original bridge was replaced by a stone bridge in 1884.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEATHFIELDS <\/strong>is a residential area east of Uppermill<\/strong> in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1724, although some of its buildings date from more than a century earlier.\u00a0 It means \u2018open fields in the heath\u2019 from Old English h<\/em>\u01e3th<\/em> + feld<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEATON\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>There are several Heatons in Greater Manchester<\/strong>, all meaning \u2018place on high land\u2019 and taking their names from the Old English h\u0113ah<\/em>, \u2018high\u2019 + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>, \u2018settlement\u2019.\u00a0 The name is first mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Hietun<\/em>, but this seems to refer to what is now Heaton-with-Oxcliffe in the Lune Valley in what is still Lancashire<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEATON <\/strong>or HEATON-UNDER-HORWICH <\/strong>is a residential area of the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The township was created in the 12th<\/sup> century and is recorded as Heton<\/em> in 1227 and Heton under Horewich<\/em> in 1332.\u00a0 The latter name was and is used to distinguish it from other Heatons in the region.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEATON CHAPEL <\/strong>is an area in Heaton Norris<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It received its name following the construction of St Thomas\u2019s Anglican church in 1765.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEATON MERSEY <\/strong>is the most western of the four Heatons in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, all north of the town itself.\u00a0 Heaton Mersey means \u2018farm or enclosure on the high land overlooking the River Mersey<\/em>\u2019, which rises in Stockport and formerly separated Lancashire<\/strong> from Cheshire<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEATON MOOR<\/strong> is one of the four Heatons in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 Heaton Moor Road<\/em> was part of Heaton Norris<\/strong> that still runs north-east towards the moors to the east of Stockport.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEATON NORRIS<\/strong> is a northern suburb of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> and the oldest of the four Stockport Heatons.\u00a0 It is recorded as Hetton<\/em> in 1196 and as Heton Norays <\/em>in 1282.\u00a0 Heaton<\/em> is derived from the Old English h\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018high\u2019) and –t<\/em>\u016bn <\/em>(farmstead), and Norris was a Norman landowner named William le Norreys<\/em>, who owned the land overlooking the River Mersey<\/strong> in 1162-1180.\u00a0 Heaton Norris originally covered all four of the Heatons, but three evolved with separate names \u2013 Heaton Chapel<\/strong>, Heaton Mersey<\/strong> and Heaton Moor<\/strong> \u2013 in the 18th<\/sup> and 19th<\/sup> centuries, and the separate names were standardised by their separate railway stations.<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

HEATON PARK<\/strong> is a 262-hectare public park \u2013 the largest in Greater Manchester<\/strong> and one of the largest in Britain.\u00a0 The park formerly formed the estate of Heaton Hall but was taken over by the City of Manchester<\/strong> and opened to the public in 1902.\u00a0 The park takes its name from the local township of Great Heaton, a name meaning \u2018place on high land\u2019, dating from about 1200, and is now a suburb of Bolton<\/strong> usually known simply as Heaton.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEAVILEY <\/strong>is a suburb of eastern Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1283 as Hethylegh<\/em>, meaning \u2018heathy clearing\u2019, from the Old English h<\/em>\u01e3thig<\/em> (\u2018heathy\u2019) + –l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018clearing\u2019).\u00a0 The meaning of the name suggests the origin of the settlement.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEBERS <\/strong>and TOP OF HEBERS <\/strong>are both residential areas in north-western Middleton <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 Hebers House dates from about 1750 and the Top of Hebers workhouse had been established by 1776.\u00a0 The name comes from the Heber<\/em> family, who were prominent landowners in the area and residents of Hollins<\/strong> Hall in the 17th<\/sup> and 18th<\/sup> centuries.\u00a0 A later member of the family, unconnected to Middleton, was Reginald Heber (1783-1826), the second Bishop of Calcutta.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEIGHTS <\/strong>is a hamlet formerly known as Friarmere<\/strong> overlooking Delph<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 The name describes its position about 366 metres above the Hull Brook<\/strong> valley and dates from the 18th<\/sup> century:\u00a0 in 1765 St Thomas\u2019s church was built in Friarmere and given the name Heights Chapel<\/em>, and in 1767 the Punch Bowl pub (later the Royal Oak) was opened and this was also known as Th\u2019 Heights<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEMPSHAW BROOK<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Goyt <\/strong>that was historically also known as Stockport Brook.\u00a0 It is thought to rise in Hazel Grove<\/strong> and to join the Goyt in Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1362 as Impeshagh <\/em>and with its modern spelling from 1842.\u00a0 It means \u2018sapling copse\u2019, from Old English impa <\/em>(\u2018young shoot, sapling\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HESKETH PARK <\/strong>is a small park in Cheadle Hulme<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is sited on land donated by William Bamford Hesketh<\/em>, who built the Hesketh Arms Hotel (originally called \u2018The Horse and Jockey\u2019) in Cheadle Hulme in 1864.\u00a0 The hotel later became a pub.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEY BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong> that rises south-east of Wigan<\/strong> close to Bamfurlong<\/strong>.\u00a0 It flows south-east to Pennington Flash Country Park<\/strong> and then east to become Pennington Brook, which joins the River Glaze<\/strong> near Lately Common in Warrington.\u00a0 Hey<\/em> comes from the Old English h<\/em>\u00e6g<\/em> meaning \u2018an enclosure\u2019 and is very common in place and street names across Greater Manchester<\/strong>, but it has not been possible to identify or date a particular hey<\/em> that gives its name to Hey Brook.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEYHEAD <\/strong>was a village in Northern Etchells<\/strong>, formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>, but was incorporated into the City of Manchester<\/strong> in 1931 and displaced by the expansion of Manchester International Airport<\/strong> in the 1990s.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the mid-17th<\/sup> century and means \u2018the top of an enclosure\u2019 from Old English h\u00e6g<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019) + h\u0113afod <\/em>(\u2018head, headland, end of a ridge\u2019).\u00a0 The last few houses were demolished in the 1990s and the name then disappeared from modern maps.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEYHEADS<\/strong> is in eastern Stalybridge <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but means \u2018the top of an enclosure\u2019, from Old English h<\/em>\u00e6g<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019) + h\u0113afod <\/em>(\u2018head, headland, end of a ridge\u2019), presumably referring to its position overlooking the valley of the River Tame<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEYROD<\/strong> is a village in the Stalybridge<\/strong> area of the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1246 as Heyerode<\/em>, meaning \u2018high clearing\u2019, from Old English heah<\/em> (\u2018high\u2019) + rodu <\/em>(\u2018clearing\u2019), describing the village\u2019s position in a forested area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEYSIDE <\/strong>is a residential area east of Royton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but the original settlement dates from the Middle Ages and means \u2018somewhere high (Old English h<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em>) on a hillside (side<\/em>)\u2019, referring to its position overlooking Royton.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HEYWOOD <\/strong>is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and was formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1246 as Heghwode<\/em>.\u00a0 This name has been variously interpreted:\u00a0 the second element is clearly from the Old English wudu<\/em> \u2018wood\u2019, but the first element might be Old English h\u0113ah<\/em>, \u2018high\u2019 or hege, h<\/em>\u00e6g<\/em>, \u2018hedge\u2019, so that the name would mean either \u2018high woods\u2019 or \u2018enclosed or fenced wood\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGGINSHAW <\/strong>is an industrial area of north Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but it has been suggested that it means \u2018Richard\u2019s wood\u2019, from Higg<\/em> (a mediaeval diminutive of Richard) + sceaga<\/em> (‘wood, copse\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGH CROMPTON\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> CROMPTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER BARROWSHAW <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> BARROWSHAW<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER BLACKLEY \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0See<\/em> BLACKLEY<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER BOARSHAW <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> BOARSHAW<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER BROUGHTON\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> BROUGHTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER CRUMPSALL\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> CRUMPSALL<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER DUNISHBOOTH\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>DUNISHBOOTH<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER END<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> BILLINGE<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

HIGHER GREEN <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> ASTLEY <\/strong>and ASTLEY GREEN<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER HARTSHEAD\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> HARTSHEAD GREEN<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER HURST\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> HURST<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER INCE \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> INCE-IN-MAKERFIELD<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER NADEN RESERVOIR <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> NADEN<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER OPENSHAW \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0See<\/em> OPENSHAW<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER RUSHCROFT\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> RUSHCROFT<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER STAKE HILL <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> STAKEHILL <\/strong>or STAKE HILL<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER SUMMERSEAT\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> SUMMERSEAT<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER WOODHILL\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> WOODHILL<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER OGDEN\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> OGDEN<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHER SWINESHAW RESERVOIR\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> SWINESHAW<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHFIELD, Farnworth,<\/strong> is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name describes the location and refers particularly to Highfield Farm<\/em>, which is recorded in the 19th<\/sup> century and remained as a working farm into the 1970s.\u00a0 Residential development of the area apparently dates from the 1930s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHFIELD, Pemberton, <\/strong>is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name literally describes the location, which overlooks Smithy Brook<\/strong> and the surrounding area.\u00a0 Some buildings in the area date back to the 16th<\/sup> century but it is uncertain when the area was given its name.\u00a0 Highfield was developed as an industrial and residential from the late 18th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGH LANE<\/strong> is a village on the Macclesfield Canal 8 kilometres south-east of Stockport<\/strong> and in Cheshire <\/strong>until 1974.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1690 as Ho Lane<\/em> and with its modern spelling in 1842.\u00a0 Its original meaning was \u2018the lane leading to the hill spur\u2019, from the Old English h<\/em>\u014dh <\/em>(\u2018a heel; a slightly projecting piece of ground\u2019) + lane<\/em> (\u2018secondary road\u2019).\u00a0 The \u2018hoe\u2019 is the small hill on which Disley in Cheshire stands and this element was gradually rationalised to \u2018high\u2019.\u00a0 The \u2018lane\u2019 is now the A6 Buxton Road.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGH RID RESERVOIR <\/strong>is a small reservoir some 5 kilometres west of Bolton<\/strong>, built in 1892 to supply water to the town.\u00a0 It takes its name from the nearby High Rid Farm<\/em>, which is recorded on the Ordnance Survey map of the area in the 1850s.\u00a0 The meaning of Rid<\/em> is uncertain, but suggestions are Old English r\u04efd<\/em>, meaning \u2018clearing\u2019, or dialect rigg<\/em>, \u2018ridge\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIGHTOWN <\/strong>is a residential area of the City of Manchester<\/strong> north of Cheetham<\/strong> and bordering on Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name seems to be modern and is difficult to find on maps before the 1950s.\u00a0 However, it is said to have been a centre for the Jewish community during the first half of the 20th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name is quite literal, referring to the higher ground above inner-city areas such as Strangeways<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HILL TOP <\/strong>or HILL TOP MOSS <\/strong>is a residential and recreational area of Walkden<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name seems to be taken from Hill Top Road<\/em>, which ascends from Worsley <\/strong>to Bolton <\/strong>and describes the landscape of the area.\u00a0 Hill Top Farm is shown on the 1848 Ordnance Survey map and Moss Pit colliery was recorded as being sunk \u2019near Hill Top\u2019 in 1799-1801.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HILTON HOUSE <\/strong>is a hamlet south of Horwich<\/strong> near Blackrod<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1838, although the country house itself is said to have been built in the late 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name was standardised when it was adopted as the name for a station by the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway in 1858.\u00a0 The house was originally owned by the Hilton<\/em> family, who had been prominent landowners in the area since the Middle Ages.\u00a0 The house was extended and converted into a hotel in 2006 and renamed \u2018The Georgian House\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HILTON PARK <\/strong>is a recreational and residential area south of Prestwich<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1838 with the building of Hilton House on Hilton Lane<\/em>, which takes its name from the Hilton<\/em> family, who had been landowners in the area in the Middle Ages.\u00a0 By 1857 the grounds of Hilton House were labelled as Hilton Park and, although the house had been demolished by 1932, the park remains, with much of it occupied by Prestwich golf course.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HINDLEY<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, about 5 kilometres east of Wigan town centre.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1212 as Hindele <\/em>and with its modern spelling in 1479.\u00a0 The name means \u2018wood or clearing of the hinds\u2019 from Old English hind <\/em>(\u2018hind, doe\u2019) + l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018clearing, meadow\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HINDS <\/strong>and LOWER HINDS <\/strong>are located beside the River Irwell<\/strong> and the Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal south of Elton <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 They are not well documented before the end of the 18th<\/sup> century:\u00a0 Hinds Mill was originally opened in the 1780s or perhaps earlier and Hinds Lane Wharf dates from the 1790s with the opening of the canal.\u00a0 The origin of the name is unclear:\u00a0 it could be an eponym but no Hind<\/em> or Hinds<\/em> family has been traced in the area, or, given the number of places named after deer in the north of Greater Manchester<\/strong>, it could be from Old English hind <\/em>(\u2018hind, doe\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HINDSFORD<\/strong> is a small residential area on the south-eastern edge of Atherton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the 1820s, when Hindsford House was built.\u00a0 Hindsford lies west of Hindsford Brook<\/em>, a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong> and the River Mersey<\/strong>, and presumably takes its name from the stream.\u00a0 Hindsford Brook was formerly known Goderic Brook after a Saxon saint, but it cannot be confirmed when the name was changed.\u00a0 The name means \u2018ford of the hinds or does\u2019 from Old English hind <\/em>+ ford.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOAR BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises on Broadhead Moss<\/strong> in the Peak District <\/strong>National Park in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows north-west through Hoar Clough<\/em> to meet North Brook<\/strong>, which then flows into Diggle Brook, meeting the Tame near Diggle<\/strong>.\u00a0 Hoar Clough is recorded on the Ordnance Survey map of 1843 and means \u2018grey (Old English h<\/em>\u0101r<\/em>) ravine (cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOCKERY BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Douglas<\/strong> which rises north of Hindley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, flows north-east and ultimately meets the Douglas.\u00a0 The name is a corruption of ocrie\/ochrey<\/em>, meaning \u2019like ochre<\/em>, yellowish\u2019 because it was stained yellow or orange by water pumped from iron mines in the area.\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HODGE FOLD<\/strong> and HODGE LANE DYE VATS<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0Hodge Fold is a rural area on the River Etherow<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1655 as Hodge Hall<\/em> and the Hodge Lane Dye Vats date from the late 18th<\/sup> century, when they were used for bleaching cloth at the Hodge Textile Works beside the Etherow.\u00a0 The origin of Hodge<\/em> is uncertain but may be an eponym:\u00a0 Hodge was a mediaeval shortening of Roger<\/em> that was originally used as a nickname for an agricultural labourer.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLCOMBE <\/strong>and HOLCOMBE BROOK<\/strong> are neighbouring villages in Ramsbottom<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 Both are situated on Holcombe Moor but take their name from the valley of Holcombe Brook \u2013 Old English hol<\/em> (\u2018hole, hollow\u2019) + cumb<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019) \u2013 found in 1236 as Holecumbam<\/em>, referring to the valley at the foot of nearby Holcombe Hill.\u00a0 On top of Holcombe Hill (also known as Harcles Hill<\/strong>) is Holcombe Tower, a monument to Sir Robert Peel<\/strong> (1788-1850), prime minister and founder of the modern police (the \u2018peelers\u2019), who was born in Bury.\u00a0 Holcombe Brook, a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong>, rises near Pot Green<\/strong> and flows south-east to join the Irwell at Brooksbottoms<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLDEN FOLD <\/strong>is a residential area of Royton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> where some of the earliest water-powered cotton mills were built in the 1790s.\u00a0 The name comes from the Holden<\/em> family, who are known to have settled as landowners in the 16th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The family were still operating cotton mills in the late 19th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLE BOTTOM BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irk<\/strong> that rises north of Hollinwood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and then joins Bower Brook<\/strong> in Failsworth<\/strong> to form Moston Brook<\/strong>, which eventually empties into the Irk near Smedley<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded on the first Ordnance Survey maps of the area in 1848-51 but is probably much older.\u00a0 It means \u2018the stream (Old English br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em>) flowing through a hollow (hol<\/em>) in the bottom (botm<\/em>) of the valley\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLLIN BROWN KNOLL <\/strong>is found on Saddleworth<\/strong> Moor in the Peak District <\/strong>National Park in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded on the Ordnance Survey map of 1843 but the derivation is not completely clear:\u00a0 Hollin<\/em> comes from the Old English holegn<\/em>, meaning \u2018holly\u2019, and knoll<\/em> from Old English cnoll<\/em>, \u2018hillock\u2019, but the meaning of Brown<\/em> is uncertain.\u00a0 It could literally mean \u2018brown\u2019 from Old English br<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>, but perhaps more likely is that it is from Old Norse br<\/em>\u00fan<\/em>, meaning \u2018brow, moor\u2019, so that the meaning would be something like \u2019the brow of the hill where holly is found\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLLINGWORTH <\/strong>is a village north-east of Hyde<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, about 20 kilometres east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Holisurde<\/em> and with its modern spelling by the end of the 13th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It means \u2018an enclosure or homestead surrounded by holly trees\u2019, from Old English holegn<\/em> + worth<\/em>.\u00a0 \u00a0Hollingworth gives its name to Hollingworth Brook, which flows south into Hollingworth Lake<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLLINGWORTH LAKE<\/strong> is a reservoir and country park in Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, which is fed from the north by Hollingworth Brook and its tributaries.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1278 as Holyenworth<\/em> and with its modern spelling in 1843.\u00a0 The 53-hectare reservoir was originally built in 1800 to supply the Rochdale Canal, but was later developed as a recreational and tourist facility.\u00a0 It means \u2018an enclosure or homestead surrounded by holly trees\u2019, from Old English holegn<\/em> + worth<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLLINS, Bury<\/strong>, along with HOLLINS VALE<\/strong> and HOLLINS BROOK<\/strong>, all lie north-west of Unsworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 Hollins itself is a suburb of Bury, south of the town centre, Hollins Vale is a local nature reserve with woodland planted in 1848-93, and Hollins Brook is a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1756, when a Jacob Fletcher leased an estate known as The Hollins.<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0 Like many other places formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>, it is derived from Old English holegn<\/em>, meaning \u2018holly trees\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLLINS <\/strong>and HOLLINS GREEN, Oldham, <\/strong>are localities south and south-west of the town.\u00a0 They share their name with other places that are or were in Lancashire<\/strong>, all derived from Old English holegn<\/em>, meaning \u2018holly trees\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLLINS, Rochdale,<\/strong> is a residential area in north-west Middleton.<\/strong> The name is recorded in 1843 and is derived from Old English holegn<\/em>, meaning \u2018holly trees\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The HOLLINS, Wigan <\/strong>is residential area of Hindley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the parsonage that was built there in the mid-18th<\/sup> century and means \u2018the holly trees\u2019 from Old English holegn.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLLINWOOD<\/strong> is a residential area of Oldham<\/strong>, south-west of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1713, when Hollinwood Moor was divided between Oldham and Chadderton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name means \u2018holly wood\u2019, from the Old English holegn<\/em> (\u2018holly\u2019) + wudu<\/em> (\u2018wood, forest\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLLY GROVE<\/strong> is a hamlet south-east of Diggle<\/strong> in the Saddleworth<\/strong> area of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1272 as Holyngreue<\/em>, as Hollingreave<\/em> in 1723, and as Hollin Grove<\/em> in 1771.\u00a0 The name means \u2018holly copse\u2019 or \u2018holly thicket\u2019 from the Old English holegn<\/em> + gr\u0101f<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLLYWOOD END <\/strong>is a hamlet north of Mellor <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1433 as Holywodehede<\/em> but as Hollywood End<\/em> by 1650.\u00a0 Hollywood literally means \u2018wood of holly trees\u2019, from Old English holegn<\/em> + wudu.\u00a0 <\/em>The original -hede<\/em> would probably come from the Old English heafod<\/em>, which could mean \u2018headland\u2019 but, as the hamlet lies at the top of Hollywood Road, it is more likely that it would mean just \u2018end, top\u2019 of the road.\u00a0 This meaning would fit with the later and modern rendering of Hollywood End, again meaning \u2018end or top of Hollywood Road\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLLYWOOD PARK<\/strong> is a 4.9-hectare public park in Edgeley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally the grounds of Hollywood House<\/em>, a country house built in the late 18th<\/sup> or early 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The house itself was demolished in 1897 but the grounds were opened to the public in 1893.\u00a0 The name is taken from the holly <\/em>that is common in much of Greater Manchester<\/strong> and which is celebrated in so many place names.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLME BROOK <\/strong>and HOLME CLOUGH\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Holme Brook is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises in West Yorkshire<\/strong> in the Peak District <\/strong>National Park and flows west through Holme Clough to join Greenfield<\/strong> Brook, which then goes on to meet the Tame.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1468 as Holme-clogh-hede<\/em>, meaning \u2018the head (Old English h<\/em>\u0113afod<\/em>) of the deep valley (Old English cl\u014dh<\/em>) with river meadows (Old Scandinavian holmr<\/em>, \u2018raised ground in a marsh, river meadow\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLT LANE END<\/strong> is a residential area on the edge of Failsworth<\/strong> at the end<\/em> of Holt Lane<\/em> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1865, when the Macedonia Church established a Sunday School there.\u00a0 The origin of the name is uncertain.\u00a0 One theory is that Holt Lane is named after David Holt<\/em> (c.1764-1846), who may have built a cotton mill near Failsworth at the end of the 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 However, no cotton mills are shown on 19th<\/sup>-century maps of the area and the presence of Holt Lane Farm confirms that it was still a rural area.\u00a0 According to the second theory, the name is derived from the Old English holt<\/em>, meaning \u2018wood, thicket\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLTS <\/strong>is a residential area south-east of Oldham<\/strong>, east of the River Medlock<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is said that the area is named after the Holt<\/em> family, who were landowners in the area from the 17th<\/sup> century and who may have been related to the Holts of Rochdale<\/strong>, who purchased property in Spotland<\/strong> and Naden<\/strong> in the 1530s.\u00a0 In the 19th<\/sup> century they owned Holts Mill, which processed cotton waste for explosives.\u00a0 The mill closed in 1918 and the Holts estate was built in the 1950s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLT TOWN<\/strong> is an inner-city area of eastern Manchester<\/strong> within a bend on the River Medlock<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from David Holt <\/em>(c.1764-1846), who established a complex of mills and workers\u2019 housing in 1785 in what was then a rural area.\u00a0 Holt went bankrupt but the name Holt Town persisted.\u00a0 Holt Town is now planned as a regeneration area by the City of Manchester<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOME <\/strong>is an arts centre with cinemas and theatres close to Manchester<\/strong> city centre, opened in 2015.\u00a0 Before the opening, a survey was carried out to choose a name and the results showed that \u2018Home<\/em><\/a>\u00a0<\/em>was a word which recurred often when people were asked what the new organisation should be \u2013 a second home, somewhere you feel at home, the home of great work\u2019.\u00a0 Outside is a statue of Friedrich Engels (1820-1895) to commemorate his contribution to exposing \u2018The Condition of the Working Class in England\u2019, a book he wrote in Manchester in 1842-1844.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HONKSFORD BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises north of Mosley Common<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and flows south-west to join Ellenor Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented.\u00a0 One possibility is that it is an eponym, taking its name from a ford<\/em> on land owned by someone called Honk<\/em>, but this cannot be confirmed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOOLEY BRIDGE<\/strong> is a small village on the banks of the River Roch<\/strong> near Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but it is clear that the village takes its name from a bridge over the Roch that dates back at least as far as 1718.\u00a0 However, an earlier document refers to Wooley Bridge<\/em>, which was repaired in about 1635.\u00a0 There are several places named Wooley or Woolley and it is said that the name usually means \u2018wolves\u2019 wood or clearing\u2019, from Old English wulfa <\/em>(\u2018of wolves\u2019) + –l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018wood or clearing\u2019).\u00a0 Wolves are generally thought to have become extinct in England by about the start of the 16th<\/sup> century, and the last were found in the forests of Lancashire<\/strong> and the Derbyshire<\/strong> Peak District<\/strong>, so that wolves might well have been found in the Roch valley in mediaeval times.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOOLEY HILL<\/strong> is a locality in Audenshaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but it is recorded in 1795 as a village where several people were employed in hat manufacture, and various mills and factories were established in the 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The origin of the name is not clear but it is possible that it is an eponym as the family name Hooley<\/em> was quite common in Lancashire <\/strong>and Derbyshire<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOOTEN GARDENS <\/strong>is modern residential area on the south-eastern edge of Leigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Hooten Lane<\/em>, which was formerly called Lancashires Lane after a local family.\u00a0 The derivation of Hooten is undocumented but it would seem to be a variation of Houghton, meaning \u2018farm on a spur of a hill\u2019, from Old English h<\/em>\u014dh<\/em> + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOPE<\/strong> is a locality in Eccles<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded as Le Hope<\/em> in the 13th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It is taken from the Old English hop<\/em>, meaning \u2018a remote valley\u2019 and indeed Gilda Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the Irwell<\/strong>, flows through the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOPE MILL THEATRE<\/strong> is located in the Ancoats <\/strong>area of the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is situated in Hope Mill, a cotton and fustian mill originally built in 1824 by Joseph Clarke and said to have been named after his wife, Anne Hope<\/em> Ames.\u00a0 The mill was derelict by the mid-20th<\/sup> century but was then redeveloped as a heritage site and reopened as Hope Mill Theatre in November 2015.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

HOPWOOD <\/strong>is a suburb of Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1278 as Hopwode <\/em>and is thought to mean \u2018wooded valley\u2019 or \u2018wood in a valley\u2019, derived from Old English hop<\/em> (\u2018remote valley\u2019) + wudu<\/em> (\u2018wood, forest\u2019).\u00a0 Hopwood is located in Hopwood Clough, which is just such a wooded valley.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HORRIDGE BROOK <\/strong>is (or was) a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The stream rises in Farnworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong> and flows east and north-east for 424 metres to meet the Irwell near Prestolee<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the mid-19th<\/sup> century but it may mean \u2018brook by the muddy ridge\u2019 from Old English horu<\/em> (\u2018dirt, filth\u2019) + ric<\/em> (\u2018narrow ridge\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HORROCKS <\/strong>is an area of Manchester<\/strong> north-east of the city centre, west of the River Irk<\/strong>.\u00a0 At one time it was divided between Great Horrocks and Little Horrocks, but only Great Horrocks appears on modern maps.\u00a0 The name is found first in 1836 with the opening of Dolphin public baths in Horrocks in Red Bank<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is said to come from Old English hurrock<\/em>, meaning \u2018a piled-up heap of loose stones or rubbish\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HORROCKS\u2019 FLASH <\/strong>is a small man-made lake near Platt Bridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> that forms one of the seven \u2018flashes\u2019 of Wigan Flashes Nature Reserve.\u00a0 <\/strong>The flashes were all formed by mining subsidence at the beginning of the 20th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Horrocks\u2019 Flash was used for waste tipping until the late 1980s but was then redeveloped and was opened as part of Wigan Flashes Nature Reserve in 2022.\u00a0 The origin of the name is uncertain and is not recorded on maps until about 1950.\u00a0 It has been said that Horrocks\u2019 Flash was named after a local fisherman but it is more likely that Horrocks<\/em> was a local landowner.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HORROCKS FOLD<\/strong> is a hamlet in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, north of Sharples <\/strong>and on the edge of the Pennine moors.\u00a0 It takes its name from Horrocks Fold Farm<\/em>, which probably dates from the early 17th<\/sup> century, which comes from the Old English hurrock<\/em>, meaning \u2018a heap of stones\u2019, probably referring to the sandstone found in the quarries nearby.\u00a0 The name is shared with Horrocks Wood on the slopes of Winter Hill<\/strong>, and Horrocks Scout, a promontory on Smithills<\/strong> Moor.\u00a0 Scout <\/strong>comes from the Old Norse skiitt<\/em>, meaning \u2018jutting rock\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HORWICH <\/strong>is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, some 24 kilometres north-west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is found in 1221 as Horewic<\/em>, from the Old English h<\/em>\u0101r <\/em>(\u2018grey, hoary\u2019) + wice<\/em> (\u2018wych elm\u2019).\u00a0 The area was forested in mediaeval times, so that Horwich would mean \u2018the place of the grey wych elms\u2019.\u00a0 An alternative derivation is the Old English horu<\/em> + w<\/em>\u012bc<\/em>, meaning \u2018dirty farm\u2019, perhaps because of the dark, peaty streams coming off the moors.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOSKER\u2019S NOOK <\/strong>is a residential area of Westhoughton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1841 as Hoscars Nook farm and is said to be named after the Hosker<\/em> family \u2013 Richard Hosker and Nicholas Hosker were both resident in the area in 1664 and 1678 respectively.\u00a0 Nook<\/em> comes from the Middle English n<\/em>\u014dk<\/em>, meaning \u2018a nook of land, especially a triangular plot\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOUGH END <\/strong>is a locality bordering Chorlton-cum-Hardy<\/strong> and Withington<\/strong> along Chorlton Brook, which runs through a ravine called Hough End Clough.\u00a0 The name occurs in 1323 as del Hogh<\/em> and with its modern spelling of Hough End<\/em> in 1587.\u00a0 The name comes from the Old English h<\/em>\u014dh <\/em>(\u2018heel of land\u2019) + ende <\/em>(\u2019border, boundary\u2019) + cl<\/em>\u014dh <\/em>(\u2018steep valley, ravine\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOULDSWORTH MODEL VILLAGE<\/strong> was an industrial housing estate in Reddish<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 1863-1865 and named after and by Sir William Henry Houldsworth <\/em>(1834-1917) for the workers at his Houldsworth mill, at the time the largest cotton mill in the world.\u00a0 The area is now undergoing regeneration, retaining the Houldsworth name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOWARTH CROSS <\/strong>is a residential area of Rochdale <\/strong>north-east of the town centre, west of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Howord<\/em> and Haword<\/em> in about 1200 and is believed to be either an eponym derived an Old English or Old Norse personal name, or a topographical name derived from the Old English h<\/em>\u014dh<\/em> (\u2018hill spur, heel of land\u2019) + worth<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019).\u00a0 The original cross is believed to have been erected in about 1645 so that a temporary market could be held there during the \u2018Black Plague\u2019 of Rochdale, but it has long since been built over.\u00a0 Great Howarth is north-west of Howarth Cross.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOWE BRIDGE<\/strong> is a residential area of Atherton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the Howe <\/em>railway bridge<\/em>, which was opened by the London & North Western Railway on 1 September 1864.\u00a0 The settlement was developed in 1873-1875 when the Fletcher coal mining company built a model village near the bridge.\u00a0 The name was standardised in 1901 when the LNWR changed the name of the local station from Chowbent <\/strong>to Howe Bridge.\u00a0 There are two suggestions for the origin on the name.\u00a0 One is that it is an older settlement named Howe, from the Old English h<\/em>\u014dh<\/em> meaning \u2018heel or spit of land\u2019 or Old Scandinavian haugr<\/em> (\u2018hill, mound\u2019).\u00a0 The second, less likely, refers to the construction method of the bridge, which may be a Howe truss, invented by William Howe<\/em> of Massachusetts in 1840.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOYLES PARK<\/strong> is 3.35-hectare public park in the Chesham<\/strong> area of Bury<\/strong>, approximately 2.4 kilometres east of the town centre.\u00a0 It was opened in 1888 on land donated by Henry Whitehead and takes its name from the local Hoyle <\/em>family – Joshua Hoyle (1796-1859) established a firm of cotton manufacturers in Summerseat<\/strong>, while son Isaac Hoyle (1828-1911) inherited the mill and was a Liberal politician and M.P. for Heywood<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HULL BROOK<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that flows out of Castleshaw <\/strong>Lower Reservoir and then flows south-west to join the Tame in Delph<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1843, although the settlement of Hull and Hull Mill, which was presumably powered by water from Hull Brook, are recorded in 1787.\u00a0 Like the city of Kingston upon Hull in the East Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong>, Hull is derived from the Old English hyll<\/em>, meaning \u2018hill\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HULLET HOLE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Douglas<\/strong> which rises east of Shevington<\/strong> Vale in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and flows to meet Calico Brook<\/strong>, which then flows westward to meet the Douglas in Appley Bridge in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but hullet<\/em> is said to mean \u2018owlet\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HULME<\/strong> is an inner-city residential area just south of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1246 as Hulm<\/em>, meaning \u2018an island\u2019, from the Old Norse holmr.<\/em>\u00a0 This refers to its position as an area of raised ground amid the marshes formed by the waters of the rivers Irk<\/strong>, Medlock<\/strong> and Corn Brook<\/strong> that surround it.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HULTON <\/strong>was a district originally consisting of three ancient townships \u2013 Great or Over Hulton, Middle Hulton and Little or Nether Hulton.\u00a0 The name was recorded as Helghton <\/em>and Hulton<\/em> in 1235 but only Over Hulton in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong> and Little Hulton in the City of Salford<\/strong> remain today.\u00a0 The spelling Hilton<\/em> was also used from an early date and this spelling reveals the meaning of the name \u2013 \u2018settlement on a hill\u2019 from Old English hyll<\/em> + t<\/em>\u016bn.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HUMPHREY PARK <\/strong>is a residential area of Urmston<\/strong> in Manchester<\/strong> built in 1937-38.\u00a0 It was built off Humphrey Lane, which is said to have been named after Sir Humphrey<\/em> de Trafford (1808-1886) of Trafford<\/strong> Hall.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HUNDERSFIELD<\/strong> is an area east of Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale <\/strong>that does not usually appear on modern maps.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1202 as Hunnordesfeld<\/em>, meaning \u2018the field of Hunworth\u2019.\u00a0 Hunworth<\/em> is thought to be the name of an old but now lost place in the area, the name of which was formed by the Anglo-Saxon personal name Huna<\/em> + worth<\/em> (\u2018enclosure, enclosed settlement\u2019).\u00a0 Feld<\/em> (\u2018field, tract of land\u2019) was later added to signify it was \u2018the area surrounding Hunsworth\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HUNGER HILL<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0There are several places called Hunger Hill in England and Scotland.\u00a0 In some cases, the name seems to derive from the Old English hungor<\/em>, meaning \u2018hunger, famine\u2019 in reference to a place where animals went hungry because of poor pasture.\u00a0 In other cases, it means \u2018a sloping wood\u2019 from Old English hangra<\/em>.\u00a0 Hunger Hill in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong> is a hill and residential area.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1770 but the origin of the name in this case is disputed, but most sources suggest that the original name was Hanger Hill and that the \u2018sloping wood\u2019 meaning is more likely.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HUNT\u2019S BANK <\/strong>today is a short street beside Victoria Station<\/strong> in Manchester<\/strong> \u2013 all that remains of a district that dates back to the Middle Ages.\u00a0 The origin of the name is uncertain.\u00a0 It is certain that a Hunt<\/em> family lived in the area from the 14th<\/sup> century and later built Hunt Hall<\/em>.\u00a0 The area may also have been the location of older hunting<\/em> grounds, which could be the original derivation.\u00a0 The \u2018Bank\u2019 refers to the steep banks<\/em> of the River Irwell<\/strong> at this point, and it was here that the Mersey and Irwell Navigation terminated in 1724.\u00a0 In 1843, the Liverpool & Manchester Railway extended its line into central Manchester and built a new terminus that was to have been called Hunt\u2019s Bank, but the station -name was changed to Victoria <\/strong>in honour of the Queen.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HURST <\/strong>is a suburb and parliamentary constituency in Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside <\/strong>which was formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Hurst here is derived from the Old English hyrst<\/em>, meaning \u2018wooded hill\u2019.\u00a0 Hurst in Ashton-under-Lyne lies on high ground above the River Medlock<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HURST CROSS <\/strong>is a small area of Hurst <\/strong>in Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> and also the home of Ashton United football club\u2019s stadium since 1879.\u00a0 A large stone cross<\/em> was erected there 1868 but the name apparently pre-dates this and probably comes from its position around a crossroad<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HURSTEAD<\/strong> is a residential area of Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale.\u00a0 <\/strong>It is recorded from the 13th<\/sup> century as Housetedes<\/em>, meaning \u2018a homestead, the site of a building\u2019, from the Old English h<\/em>\u016bs<\/em> (\u2018house\u2019) + stede<\/em> (\u2018place, site\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HURSTHEAD <\/strong>is a residential area of Cheadle Hulme<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1831 as Hirsthead<\/em>, but the name is probably older, coming from the Old English hyrst <\/em>(\u2018wooded hill\u2019) + h\u0113afod<\/em> (\u2018headland\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HYDE<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, 10 kilometres east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the early 13th<\/sup> century as Hida<\/em> and comes from the Old English h<\/em>\u012bd<\/em>, meaning \u2018one hide of land\u2019, i.e. the amount of ploughed land that could support one family or household (estimated at about 50 hectares).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
I<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
IMPERIAL WAR MUSEUM <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford <\/strong>overlooking the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> is the northern branch of the Imperial War Museum.\u00a0 The museum was originally opened in London in 1920 and the name \u2018Imperial\u2019 was chosen to reflect the contribution to World War I of all countries of what was then the British Empire.\u00a0 Imperial War Museum North opened in July 2002 in a building designed by the Polish-Jewish architect Daniel Libeskind, who envisaged it as a \u2018constellation of three interlocking shards\u2019 representing a shattered globe.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u201cIMPOSSIBLE BRIDGE\u201d <\/strong>See <\/em>COLLYHURST FOOTBRIDGE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
INCE-IN-MAKERFIELD<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0There are several places call Ince<\/em> in Britain, all derived from the Celtic ynys<\/em> meaning \u2018dry land, island\u2019.\u00a0 In order to distinguish them, some have been given a second name.\u00a0 Ince-in-Makerfield is a suburb of Wigan<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan and the name simply means that this Ince is part of neighbouring Makerfield<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded as Ines<\/em> in 1202 and Ins in Makerfield<\/em> in 1332.\u00a0 The \u2018dry land\u2019 refers to its position above Ince Brook, a tributary of the River Douglas<\/strong>, and the surrounding swamp.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River IRK<\/strong> is a tributary of the Irwell<\/strong> that rises east of Royton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham and then flows west to Rawtenstall in Lancashire<\/strong>, before flowing south to join the Irwell in the centre of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as the Irk <\/em>in 1322.\u00a0 The origin of the name is unclear but it may be related to the Irwell and mean \u2018the angry or winding little river\u2019 from the Old English irre<\/em> (\u2018angry, wandering, winding\u2019) + –uc <\/em>(\u2018little\u2019).\u00a0 An alternative suggestion is that it comes from the Celtic iwrch <\/em>meaning \u2018roebuck\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
IRLAM<\/strong>\u00a0is a suburb of the City of Salford<\/strong> that lies on the north bank of the River Irwell <\/strong>at its confluence with the River Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in about 1190 as Urwelham<\/em> or Irwellham<\/em>, meaning \u2019village by the River Irwell\u2019, from the Old English irre<\/em> (\u2018angry, wandering\u2019) + wella<\/em> (\u2018stream\u2019) + h<\/em>\u0101m<\/em> (\u2018village, homestead\u2019).\u00a0 This original form of the name makes its location by the river clear, but some transparency was lost by 1574, when the name had been reduced to Irelam<\/em>.<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

IRLAMS O’ TH’ HEIGHT <\/strong>is a suburb of the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name seems to have developed in two stages.\u00a0 A village called the Height<\/em> (Old English h\u0113ah + th<\/em>) is recorded in 1180 in the parish of Eccles<\/strong> on high ground above Pendleton.<\/strong>\u00a0 Then, in the 17th<\/sup> and 18th<\/sup> centuries, the Pack Horse Inn in the village was run by members of the Irlam<\/em> family, so that the area became known as Irlams o\u2019 th\u2019 Height<\/em>, i.e. Irlams on the Height.\u00a0 The name was maintained during the 19th<\/sup> century as the village was occupied by handloom weavers and standardised when the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway opened Irlams o\u2019 th\u2019 Height station in 1888.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River IRWELL <\/strong>is the most important tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises near Bacup in Lancashire<\/strong> and meanders 63 kilometres south-west to join the Mersey at Irlam<\/strong>.\u00a0 It flows through the cities of Manchester<\/strong> and Salford<\/strong>, forming the boundary between them.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1190 as the Urewel<\/em>, meaning \u2018winding stream\u2019, from the Old English irre<\/em> (\u2018angry, wandering\u2019) + wella<\/em> (\u2018stream\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ISLINGTON\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>See<\/em> NEW ISLINGTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
J<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JACKSON<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0See<\/em> NEW JACKSON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JACKSON\u2019S BRIDGE<\/strong> is a footbridge over the River Mersey<\/strong> in Sale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 A timber bridge was built in 1816 and this was replaced by a wrought-iron one in 1881.\u00a0 The bridge, and a nearby pub called Jackson\u2019s Boat Inn, take their names from a local farmer called Jackson<\/em> who, in the 1730s, started a ferry service across the Mersey at this point.\u00a0 The area nearby is known as Jackson\u2019s Boat Ees, meaning \u2018the land beside Jackson\u2019s ferry liable to flooding\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JENNY GREEN <\/strong>is an area to the west of Irlam<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1865-66 with the building of St John the Baptist church.\u00a0 The origin of the name is uncertain but may parallel that of the \u2018Spinning Jenny\u2019, invented by James Hargreaves in 1783.\u00a0 The spinning jenny is sometimes said to be named after Hargreaves\u2019 wife or daughters, but none was actually named Jennifer<\/em>.\u00a0 In the same way, Jenny Green may also be eponymous, but no candidate has been identified.\u00a0 A more likely possibility for both the spinning jenny and Jenny Green is that \u2018jenny\u2019 is short for engine<\/em>, and it is known that drainage engines were in use in the area around Irlam <\/strong>and Cadishead<\/strong> in the late 18th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JERICHO <\/strong>is a residential area of Bury<\/strong> that is said to be named after the Biblical city of Jericho <\/em>(Hebrew for \u2018scented, fragrant place\u2019) on the West Bank of the Jordan when John Wesley (1703-1791) preached in Birtle<\/strong> in 1778.\u00a0 There seems to be no documentary of evidence for this, but the local Methodists gave the name to their new chapel in 2003.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JJB STADIUM \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> The BRICK COMMUNITY STADIUM<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JOHN LEIGH PARK<\/strong> is a 5-hectare area of parkland in the Broadheath <\/strong>district of Altrincham<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>. \u00a0Oldfield<\/strong> House and the land on which it stood were purchased in 1916 by John Leigh<\/em> and initially used as a military hospital.\u00a0 In 1917 he donated the land to Altrincham District Council for use as a park in memory of his father.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JOHN RYLANDS LIBRARY <\/strong>is a research institute and library on Deansgate<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was established in 1900 by Enriqueta Augustina Rylands (1843-1908) in memory of her husband, John Rylands<\/em> (1801-1888), who was the largest textile manufacturer in Britain and a great philanthropist.\u00a0 In 1972 it became part of the University of Manchester.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

JOHNSON FOLD<\/strong> is a residential area of western Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is taken from Johnson Fold Farm<\/em>, which dates back to the 17th<\/sup> century, when the Earl of Derby gifted land to the Johnson family.\u00a0 Bolton Corporation bought the farm in the early 1930s and built a housing estate, originally called the Montserrat<\/strong> estate, which was expanded in the early 1950s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JUBILEE <\/strong>is a village in Shaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> which claims to be the only settlement with this name in the UK.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the 19th<\/sup> century – the Jubilee pub was built in 1810 and the Jubilee Colliery was opened in 1845.\u00a0 It is unclear which jubilee is commemorated in the village\u2019s name \u2013 George III was the first monarch to celebrate a jubilee when there were festivities for the 50th<\/sup> year of his reign in 1809, but the term was used more generally before that date and perhaps the village is named for another anniversary.\u00a0 The mine was closed in 1932 and the site has been converted into the Jubilee Colliery Nature Reserve.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JUBILEE MARKET <\/strong>and JUBILEE PARK, Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The original Jubilee Market or Jubilee Fountain Market was built by the Oldham Industrial Co-operative Society in 1888 and named to commemorate Queen Victoria\u2019s Golden Jubilee <\/em>in 1887.\u00a0 It was announced in 2023 that it would be demolished and the space used to form part of a new 2.2-hectare linear park named Jubilee Park in honour of the Platinum Jubilee<\/em> of Queen Elizabeth II in that year.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JUBILEE PARK<\/strong> is a 4.7-hectare public park in the centre of Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale.<\/strong>\u00a0 It was opened in 1889 and named to celebrate the Golden (i.e. 50 years) Jubilee<\/em> of Queen Victoria<\/strong>\u2019s reign in 1887.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JUMBLES COUNTRY PARK\u00a0<\/strong>is a large country park surrounding Jumbles Reservoir in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name for the area outside Bolton seems to have been in use since at least the mid-19th<\/sup> century, but a reservoir was built and opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 1971.\u00a0 The surrounding area was declared a country park in 1973.\u00a0\u00a0 The name is a corruption of the Old English dumbel<\/em>, meaning \u2018a deep hollow, a ravine\u2019 and describes the valley of Bradshaw<\/strong> Brook, which flows into and out of Jumbles Reservoir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
JUMBO<\/strong> is an area of Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1781 and it has been suggested that it may have an exotic origin related to mumbo-jumbo<\/em> or even Jumbo<\/em> the elephant.\u00a0 It actually comes from the Old English jumb<\/em>, meaning \u2018a deep pool in a stream\u2019 and jumbel<\/em> or dumbel<\/em>, meaning \u2018a deep hollow, a ravine\u2019, describing Wince Brook<\/strong>, which flows through the area.<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

JUNCTION<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0See <\/em>MIDDLETON JUNCTION<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
K<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KAY GARDENS <\/strong>is a small public park in central Bury<\/strong>, originally opened in 1908.\u00a0 It commemorates John Kay<\/em> (1704-c.1780-81), the inventor of the flying shuttle which transformed the textile industry, who was born in Walmersley<\/strong>, north of Bury.\u00a0 The park includes a monument to Kay, \u2018whose invention in the year 1733 of the fly shuttle
\nquadrupled human power in weaving\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KEARSLEY<\/strong> is a town on the River Croal<\/strong> where it meets the Irwell<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1187 as Cherselawe<\/em> but the modern spelling can be seen in Kersleie<\/em>, found in about 1220.\u00a0 It means \u2018place where watercress grows\u2019 from c<\/em>\u00e6rse<\/em> (\u2018watercress\u2019) + hl<\/em>\u01e3w <\/em>(\u2018mound\u2019) or l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018clearing, water meadow\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KEMPNOUGH BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong> that runs south-east through Roe Green<\/strong> in Worsley <\/strong>in the City of Salford<\/strong> and flows into the Irwell in Salford.\u00a0 It takes its name from Kempnough Hall<\/em>, a country house dating from the 14th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name means \u2018warrior\u2019s nook\u2019, from Old English cempa (\u2018warrior, champion\u2019) + nough <\/em>(corruption of northern dialect haugh<\/em>, \u2018piece of flat alluvial land beside a river\u2019)\u2019.\u00a0 Kempnough Hall survives and has recently been restored.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KENWORTHY <\/strong>is a residential area of the City of Manchester<\/strong>, west of Northenden<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1286 as Kenworthin<\/em>, meaning \u2018C<\/em>\u0113na\u2019s<\/em> enclosure\u2019, from an Anglo-Saxon personal name + Old English worth <\/em>or worthign <\/em>(\u2018enclosed settlement\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KENYON<\/strong> is a village, partly in Cheshire<\/strong> and partly in Greater Manchester<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1212 as Kenien<\/em>, meaning \u2018Enion\u2019s mound\u2019 from the Celtic cr<\/em>\u016bg<\/em> (\u2018hill, mound\u2019) + the personal name Eni<\/em>\u014dn<\/em>, and referring to a Bronze Age barrow that may have been erected there.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KENYON FOLD<\/strong> is a residential area close to the River Roch<\/strong> south of Bamford<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The place is not well documented before 1765 but it seems likely that it means \u2018the animal enclosure (Old English falod<\/em>) belonging to someone called Kenyon\u2019.\u00a0 The Kenyons<\/em> were a prominent local family and Richard Kenyon, described as \u2018a local farmer\u2019, built a water-powered fulling mill on the Roch at nearby Crimble<\/strong> in 1750.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KERSAL <\/strong>is a suburb of the City of Salford<\/strong>, about 5 kilometres north-west of Manchester <\/strong>city centre.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1142 as Kereshala<\/em>, meaning \u2018the nook where cress grows\u2019, from Old English cerse<\/em> (\u2018watercress\u2019) + halh<\/em> (\u2018nook or corner of land\u2019).\u00a0 The nook would seem to refer to the bend in the River Irwell<\/strong> where Kersal is located.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KICKETY BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong> that rises south of Stretford<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> and flows east and then south to empty into the Mersey at Stretford Weir.\u00a0 It gives its name to the 4-hectare Kickety Brook woodland.\u00a0 The origin of the name is uncertain but may derive from Old English cicc<\/em>, meaning \u2018bend\u2019, or Old Norse kikall<\/em>, meaning \u2018winding\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KILN GREEN <\/strong>is a village to the east of Diggle<\/strong>, formerly<\/strong> in Saddleworth<\/strong> in West Yorkshire<\/strong> but now administered as part of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1785 and its origin is also undocumented, but it could literally mean \u2018a kiln<\/em> on or beside the village green<\/em>\u2019.\u00a0 Cyln <\/em>was an old English word for a furnace that could be used for making many things \u2013 bread, lime, bricks, flax, etc.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KING GEORGE\u2019S FIELD <\/strong>is a 6-hectare playing ground in Woodbank Memorial Park<\/strong> in Offerton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The land was acquired by Stockport council in 1937 and named to commemorate the Silver Jubilee of King George<\/em> V in 1936.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KINGSTON<\/strong> is a residential area with an industrial estate west of Hyde<\/strong> and close to the River Tame<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The place is recorded in 1748 and was established at about that time by Major Edward Hyde Clarke (1716-1776), who had inherited Hyde Hall.\u00a0 He and the family of his wife, Elizabeth Guthrie Haughton, had slave-operated estates in Jamaica, and this area of what was then Cheshire<\/strong> reminded them of Jamaica.\u00a0 Consequently, they named the settlement after Kingston<\/em> in Jamaica, which had been named in 1692 after King <\/em>William III (reigned 1689-1702).\u00a0 Several streets in the area and a bridge over the Tame are named after Captain Clarke and his family.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KINGSWAY RETAIL PARK <\/strong>and KINGSWAY BUSINESS PARK<\/strong> are commercial developments south-east of Rochdale <\/strong>town centre.\u00a0 Both take their names from Kingsway<\/em>, a nearby major road that, together with Queensway, was built in the early 1930s and named after the reigning monarch \u2013 King<\/em> George V.\u00a0 Kingsway Business Park is one of the sites of Atom Valley<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KIRKHAMS <\/strong>is a suburban area of Whitefield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are several places with similar names in Lancashire<\/strong> and West Yorkshire<\/strong>, all meaning \u2018church village\u2019, derived from the Old Norse kirk<\/em> + Old English h<\/em>\u0101m<\/em>.\u00a0 Kirkhams in Bury is recorded in 1485 as part of the Manor of Prestwich<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KIRKHOLT<\/strong> originated as a rural hamlet, shown on the 1851 Ordnance Survey map west of Balderstone<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 In 1945 German prisoners of war built the largest housing estate in Rochdale in the area around Kirkholt.\u00a0 The name means \u2018the church in the wood\u2019, suggesting a Scandinavian origin:\u00a0 Old Norse kirkja<\/em> (\u2018church\u2019) + Old English holt<\/em> (\u2018wood\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KIRKLEES BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell <\/strong>that rises on Holcombe<\/strong> Moor north of Hawkshaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> and flows 10.5 kilometres south-east to meet the Irwell in Woodhill<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name means \u2018church meadows\u2019 from the Old Norse kirkja<\/em> + Old English l\u0113ah<\/em>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Kirklees Priory<\/em> in West Yorkshire<\/strong>, which is recorded in 1275 as Kyrkeleys<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KIRKMANSHULME <\/strong>is an area of eastern Manchester<\/strong> close to the city centre that was once part of Newton Heath<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1292 as Kyrdmannesholm<\/em>, but this is thought to be a misspelling for something like Kyrkmannesholm<\/em>, meaning \u2018raised land belonging to a churchman\u2019, from Old Norse kirkja<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a church\u2019) + Old English mann<\/em> (\u2018person, man\u2019) + Old Norse holmr<\/em> (‘island, raised land in marsh’). \u00a0It has been suggested that the land may have belonged to Manchester parish church in Saxon times.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KISSING ROCKS\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> WAIN STONES<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KITCLIFFE RESERVOIR <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale <\/strong>is one of the six reservoirs in the Piethorne <\/strong>Valley built in the 1870s to supply water to Oldham – <\/strong>Ogden<\/strong><\/a>, <\/strong>Kitcliffe<\/strong><\/a>, <\/strong>Piethorne<\/strong><\/a>, <\/strong>Hanging Lees<\/strong><\/a>, <\/strong>Rooden<\/strong><\/a>,<\/strong> and Norman Hill<\/strong><\/a>.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name is taken from Kitcliffe Farm<\/em>, one of the few farms that was not demolished or flooded at the time of construction.\u00a0 The farm appears on the first Ordnance Survey maps of the 1840s and is probably an eponym:\u00a0 the hillside farm belonging to someone called Kit<\/em> or Christopher<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KITT GREEN <\/strong>is a suburb of Wigan<\/strong>, west of the town centre.\u00a0 It is said that the name dates from the 17th<\/sup> century and is believed to derive from a shortening of Christopher<\/em>.\u00a0 Other places named \u2018Kit\u2019 \u2013 for example, Kitt\u2019s Green in Birmingham and St Kitt\u2019s in the West Indies \u2013 are derived from Christopher<\/em> and date from the 15th<\/sup> to 17th<\/sup> centuries.\u00a0 An alternative derivation might be Middle English kite<\/em>, referring to the bird of prey which can be found in north-west England.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KITT\u2019S MOSS <\/strong>is a residential area of Bramhall<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1777 and by 1831 it is shown as Kits Moss<\/em>, an area inhabited by textile workers.\u00a0 However, earlier court records dating from 1632 refer to Kitts Moor.\u00a0 The name is presumably an eponym \u2013 Kit is short for Christopher, <\/em>but nothing is known of him.\u00a0 Moss<\/em> is an Old English word for \u2018bog, swamp, moor\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KNIGHT\u2019S BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises near Bag Lane<\/strong> in Atherton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and flows south-west to meet Hindsford<\/strong> Brook and ultimately flows into the River Glaze, the Manchester Ship Canal <\/strong>and the River Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is culverted for much of its length but its name survives in the Knightsbrook housing estate in Atherton.\u00a0 The name is said to derive from the mediaeval ownership status of Atherton, meaning that the knight<\/em> holding the Atherton manor had to provide military service to the Barony of Warrington.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KNOLL HILL<\/strong> is a 420-metre hill near Naden<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1771 as Knowle Top<\/em> and is derived from Old English cnoll<\/em>, meaning \u2018knoll, hillock\u2019.\u00a0 The addition of Hill<\/em> is reduplication as the meaning would be \u2018hill hill\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KNOTT LANES<\/strong> is a rural area with farms close to Daisy Nook Country Park<\/strong>, south-west of Bardsley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1617 as a division of the parish of Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong>.\u00a0 Knott<\/em> is probably derived from Old Norse knott<\/em>, meaning \u2018rocky hill\u2019, or Middle English knot<\/em>, \u2018a hill\u2019.\u00a0 The lanes<\/em> refer to the country roads to the west of the main Ashton-Oldham Road, which are still called ‘Knott Lanes\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KNOTT MILL<\/strong> is an area of central Manchester<\/strong> that is currently scheduled for regeneration.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1509 when a miller by the name of Knott <\/em>built a water-powered corn mill on the site.\u00a0 The area became the Manchester terminus of the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong> in 1764 and industrial development followed.\u00a0 Knott Mill had been converted to a textile mill by 1809.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KNOWL MOOR <\/strong>is a hill on the moors outside Rochdale<\/strong> that is popular for hiking and walking.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is said to come from Old English cnoll<\/em>, meaning \u2018knoll, hillock\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KNOWLS LANE <\/strong>or KNOLLS LANE <\/strong>is a hamlet north-east of Holts<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Knowls Lane farmhouse dates from the early 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Knowls <\/em>or Knolls<\/em> is probably derived Old from English cnoll<\/em>, meaning \u2018knoll, hillock\u2019, and Lane<\/em> refers to Knowls Lane, which connects Grotton <\/strong>and Lees<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KNUTSFORD VALE <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> NUTSFORD VALE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
KNUTSHAW BRIDGE <\/strong>is a small residential area south-west of Deane<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1285 as Noteschaw<\/em> but the spelling Knutshaw<\/em> with a K seems to be much later, perhaps as late as the 20th<\/sup> century.\u00a0\u00a0 The bridge carries the road north-west from Manchester<\/strong> over Knutshaw Brook, a tributary of the River Croal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The straightforward meaning would seem to be \u2018copse of nut-bearing trees\u2019, from Old English hnutu\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018nut; nut-bearing tree\u2019) + sceaga <\/em>(\u2018copse\u2019), but it has also been suggested that the first element may be an eponym from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Hnotta<\/em>.\u00a0 The spelling with K has given rise to the suggestion that the personal name may have been Knut<\/em>, i.e. Cnut or Canute, although it is not claimed that there is any connection with King Canute himself.\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

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L<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LADYBARN<\/strong> is a suburb of south Manchester<\/strong>, east of Withington<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded on maps of 1820 as Lady Barn Lane and Lady Barn House.\u00a0 Urban development had begun by the middle of the century and an independent school was established with the name in 1873.\u00a0 It is likely that Ladybarn refers to a barn <\/em>where tithes were collected on Lady Day<\/em> (25 March), but it has also been suggested that lady<\/em> may refer to the Virgin Mary as the Abbey of St Mary-in-the-Marsh in Cockersand in Lancashire<\/strong> held land in the Withington area in mediaeval times.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LADYBRIDGE <\/strong>or LADY BRIDGE <\/strong>is a residential area of Cheadle Hulme<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1587 as Ladie Bridge<\/em> and in 1671 as Ladies Bridge<\/em>.\u00a0 The bridge crosses and takes its name from the Lady Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name of the brook changes from the Lady Brook to the Micker Brook<\/strong> at Lady Bridge.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LADYBROOK <\/strong>or LADY BROOK <\/strong>is the name given to a tributary of the Mersey<\/strong> as it passes through Happy Valley<\/strong> in Bramhall<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises as Bollinhurst Brook<\/strong> near Disley in the Derbyshire Peak District<\/strong>, becoming Norbury<\/strong> Brook, Lady Brook, then Micker Brook<\/strong> before joining the Mersey in Cheadle Hulme<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1637 as Lady Brook, but the origin is uncertain.\u00a0 It has been suggested that it is named after a Lady<\/em> Davenport of Bramall Hall<\/strong>, who owned about 2.4 hectares of land in the Ladybrook valley.\u00a0 However, the occurrence of other Catholic names in the area \u2013 Ladybarn Crescent (the barn where tithes were collected on Lady Day) and Ladythorn Road (Our Lady of the Thorns, celebrated on 16 February) \u2013 makes a religious origin more likely.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LADYHOUSE<\/strong> is a residential area of the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> south of Milnrow<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is taken from Lady House<\/em> Farm, which previously occupied the area.\u00a0 \u00a0A painting by Benjamin Charles Brierley (1857-1920) of Lady House shows a stone building, perhaps the farmhouse, with the date 1631 above the door.\u00a0 It is thought that it may be derived from the Old Norse hlatha<\/em>, meaning \u2018storehouse, barn\u2019, rather than any aristocratic or religious use of lady<\/em>. \u00a0Over the years, hlatha<\/em> was rationalised to lady<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LADYWELL<\/strong> is a Metrolink tram stop that takes its name from a hospital in the Weaste<\/strong> area of the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It started in 1851-1852 as a workhouse but was rebuilt in 1890 as a hospital and training school for nurses.\u00a0 Today it forms part of Salford Royal hospital.\u00a0 The original hospital was endowed by the local de Trafford family and named after the Ladywell<\/em> shrine, a 17th<\/sup> century house and chapel with the Holy Well of our Lady in the grounds.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LAITHWAITE <\/strong>is a residential area of west Wigan.\u00a0 <\/strong>It is recorded in about 1200 as Leikeththeit<\/em> and Leikestheith<\/em>, meaning \u2018barn on or near a forest clearing\u2019, from the Old Norse hlatha<\/em> (\u2019barn\u2019) + thwaite<\/em> (\u2018meadow, forest clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LAMBERHEAD GREEN <\/strong>is a residential and recreational area of Orrell <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan <\/strong>on the border between Orrell <\/strong>and Pemberton<\/strong> and between Upholland in Lancashire<\/strong> and Wigan in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1519 as Londmerhede<\/em>, from the Old English land-gemaere<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018boundary\u2019) + heafod\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LANCASHIRE<\/strong> is a county in north-western England that until 1974 included much of what is now Greater<\/strong> Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1140 as honor de Lancastre<\/em> and as Lancastre-shire<\/em> in the 14th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name combines the city of Lancaster<\/em> (Roman c<\/em>\u00e6ster<\/em> or fort on the River Lune<\/em>) with Old English sc<\/em>\u012br<\/em> (\u2018shire, district\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LANCASHIRE BRIDGE<\/strong> is a road bridge across the River Mersey<\/strong> in Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally built in 1282 to carry the old Roman Road between Manchester<\/strong> and Buxton across the river from Lancashire<\/em> into Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was demolished in 1745 to hinder Bonnie Prince Charlie\u2019s Jacobite army as they marched south from Tiviot Dale<\/strong> to Derby.\u00a0 It was rebuilt in 1748 and replaced by the current bridge in 1891.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LANCASHIRE HILL <\/strong>is a residential and commercial area of Reddish<\/strong>, north of Stockport<\/strong> town centre.\u00a0 It is named because it is a hill on the Lancashire<\/em> side of the River Mersey<\/strong>, traditionally the boundary between Cheshire<\/strong> and Lancashire.\u00a0 The name is not well documented and it is not clear when the name was first used.\u00a0 Its modern development dates from the building in 1793-1797 of Stockport Canal, which branched south from the Ashton <\/strong>Canal at Clayton<\/strong> and terminated at the top of Lancashire Hill.\u00a0 This led to the building of factories, mills and housing in the early 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It was developed further in the late 1960s as a high-rise housing estate.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

LAND GATE <\/strong>or LANDGATE <\/strong>is a village north of Bryn<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 Although the name is recorded in 1212, it is not well documented or analysed.\u00a0 The \u2018gates\u2019 of Wigan are mediaeval roads leading out of the town, derived from the Old Norse gata<\/em>, meaning \u2018road, street\u2019.\u00a0 Land Gate is close to the old Roman road from Wigan to Warrington and it has been suggested that Land Gate means the road (gata<\/em>) to the rural or agricultural land<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LANDSLOW GREEN <\/strong>is a rural area north-west of Hollingworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 Landslow Green farmhouse dates from early\/mid-18th<\/sup> century but the area is not otherwise well documented.\u00a0 The name is probably derived from old English land<\/em> (\u2018piece of land\u2019) + hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em> (\u2018mound, hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LANE BOTTOM <\/strong>or LANEBOTTOM <\/strong>is a hamlet east of Newhey<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The place is not much documented before 1860, when the Lanebottom Industrial Equitable Pioneers Society was established as an early member of the co-operative movement.\u00a0 The name is quite literal \u2013 the hamlet is located at the bottom<\/em> of Ogden<\/strong> Lane<\/em>, which leads up to the moors of Oldham<\/strong> and West Yorkshire<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LANE END <\/strong>or LANE ENDS\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>There are several places called Lane End or Lane Ends in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is usually literal \u2013 a place (often originally a farm) at the end <\/em>of a lane<\/em> (from the Old English) or at the junction of two lanes.\u00a0 A lane was usually a narrow roadway in a town or, more commonly in Greater Manchester, a rural road leading out of a town or connecting two hamlets or villages.\u00a0 It was less important and less well-built than a \u2018street\u2019, which was the word applied to Roman roads in Greater Manchester (e.g. Stretford<\/strong>).\u00a0 The inclusion of lane as an element in a name often suggests that it is mediaeval in origin, but this was not always popular with upwardly-mobile Victorians \u2013 most of the lanes in Sale<\/strong> were renamed as \u2018roads\u2019 in 1866-70.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LANE HEAD <\/strong>is a residential area south of Lowton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1842, when Lowton Lane Head<\/em> Primitive Methodist Chapel was completed at the junction of Winwick Lane, Newton Road, Kenyon<\/strong> Lane and what is now Church Lane, suggesting that the name was originally Lowton Lane Head, i.e. the place at the start (head<\/em>) of the lane<\/em> to Lowton.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LANE SIDE <\/strong>or LANESIDE <\/strong>is a small residential area on the eastern edge of Crompton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1786 and the meaning is quite literal – a small settlement beside the lanes<\/em> that led (and, in some cases, still lead) up on to Crompton Moor.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LANGLEY<\/strong> is a suburb of Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, approximately 9 kilometres north-east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 There are many places named Langley<\/em> in Britain but Langley in what was then Lancashire <\/strong>is first recorded in 1246 as Langele<\/em>, meaning \u2018a long wood or clearing\u2019 from Old English lang<\/em> (\u2018long\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018wood, clearing\u2019).\u00a0 Langley was developed as a residential area for about 25,000 people by Manchester City Council in the 1950s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LANGTREE<\/strong> is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> that forms the northern portion of Standish<\/strong>-with-Langtree.\u00a0 Although originally separate, they have long been seen as a single settlement.\u00a0 Langtree is recorded in about 1190 as Lonetre<\/em>, meaning \u2018tall or high tree\u2019, from the Old English lang<\/em> + tr<\/em>\u0113o<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LANGWORTHY<\/strong> is a residential area of the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area developed in the last quarter of the 19th<\/sup> century around Langworthy Road, which was built in the 1870s and named in honour of Edward Langworthy <\/em>(1797-1874), a businessman who, with his brothers, owned a cotton mill in Greengate<\/strong> and who also became mayor of Salford and, briefly, a Salford MP.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LARK HILL<\/strong> is a common place name in England and there have been several places with this name in Lancashire<\/strong>, Yorkshire<\/strong> and Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Lark Hill in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan <\/strong>is a 21st<\/sup>-century housing development south-west of Astley.\u00a0 <\/strong>It takes its name from Lark Hill House<\/em>, a large house built in 1878 that is now a nursery.\u00a0 Assuming that the name goes back no further than 1878, it would seem to be aspirational, evoking birdsong on a hillside.\u00a0 Places elsewhere which date back to mediaeval times are derived Old English lawerce\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018lark.\u2019) + hyll.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LAST DROP VILLAGE <\/strong>is a retail and hotel complex in Bromley Cross<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is clustered around a number of 17th<\/sup> century farm buildings originally called Orrell<\/strong> Fold in the Manor of Turton<\/strong>.\u00a0 These were purchased in 1963 and given the name \u2018Last Drop\u2019.\u00a0 The name has given rise to some fanciful suggestions \u2013 that the last drop refers to execution by hanging or punishment by ducking \u2013 but the reality is more prosaic:\u00a0 friends offered the new owner the last drop from a bottle of wine when he bought the farm and the name was applied to the development.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LEAD MINE CLOUGH <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong> which rises south-east of Lydgate<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows north-west to meet Lydgate Clough, which goes on to join the Roch in Calderbrook<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 Presumably the stream takes its name from a local lead mine, but, unlike Lead Mines Clough, a tributary of the River Yarrow in Chorley in Lancashire<\/strong> which has a well-documented history of lead mining in the 17th<\/sup> and 18 centuries, there seems to be little record of lead mining south-east of Littleborough<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LECTURERS CLOSES <\/strong>is a residential and industrial in central Bolton<\/strong>, close to the site of the parish church, where there has been a church since Anglo-Saxon times.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but seems to have religious connotations derived from words with meanings which are now largely obsolete:\u00a0 from the 16th<\/sup> century a lecturer <\/em>was an assistant Anglican preacher, and a close <\/em>was a precinct or cloister of a religious building, a term dating from the mid-15th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LEE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises north of Castleshaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>and flows south-west through Lee Clough into Castleshaw Upper Reservoir.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but may be taken from a local farm as the literal meaning is \u2018stream running by or through a clearing\u2019 (l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em>), a pattern found elsewhere in Greater Manchester<\/strong> (see<\/em> Hall Lee Brook<\/strong>, Oaken Lee Brook<\/strong>, Pigs Lee Brook<\/strong>, Tack Lee<\/strong> Brook<\/strong>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LEES<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1604 as the Leese<\/em>, which is usually said to mean \u2018woods or woodland clearings\u2019, from the plural of Old English l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018wood, clearing\u2019).\u00a0 However, another theory is that it is named after John de Leghes<\/em>, the 14th<\/sup>-century Lord of the Manor.\u00a0 To the north-west is Leesbrook (i.e. the clearing beside the brook, which flows into the River Medlock<\/strong> just to the south), Leesfield (i.e. beside open country), and to the south-west is Nether Lees (i.e. Lower Lees).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LEESBROOK \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> LEES<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LEESFIELD\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> LEES<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LEIGH <\/strong>is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 Until 1974 it was part of Lancashire<\/strong> and it shares its name with other towns in England as well as numerous places ending in –leigh<\/em>, –ley<\/em>, –ly<\/em> or –le<\/em>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1276 as Legch<\/em> and is derived from the Old English l\u0113ah<\/em>, meaning ‘wood, clearing or meadow’.\u00a0 Leigh is distinguished from Westleigh<\/strong> to the west and Astley<\/strong> (i.e. East Leigh) to the east.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LEVENSHULME<\/strong> is a suburb of the City of Manchester<\/strong>, about 5 kilometres south-east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name was recorded as Lewyneshulm<\/em> in 1246 and is probably an eponym meaning \u2018L\u0113ofwine\u2019s mound\u2019.\u00a0 The first element is a personal name L\u0113ofwine, meaning beloved friend\u2019; the second is the Old Norse -holmr<\/em>, meaning \u2019island, elevated ground in a marshy area\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LEVER EDGE <\/strong>is part of the area named Lever<\/em> which consists of several settlements \u2013 Darcy Lever<\/strong>, Great Lever<\/strong>, Lever Edge<\/strong> and Little Lever<\/strong> \u2013 south of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name Lever is recorded in 1212 as Lefre<\/em>, from the Old English lefer<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018rush, reed\u2019), so that the entire area would mean \u2018where the rushes or reeds grow\u2019 on the banks of the Irwell<\/strong> and Croal<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LEVERHULME PARK <\/strong>is a 13.75-hectare public park and nature reserve in Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was donated to the people of Bolton in 1919 by Lord Leverhulme<\/em> (1851-1925), the industrialist, philanthropist, politician and mayor of Bolton, and named after him.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LEY HEY PARK <\/strong>is a residential area west of Marple Bridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1835 and was developed as an up-market residential area with the coming of the railways and the opening of Marple Bridge station in 1862 and Rose Hill<\/strong> Marple in 1869.\u00a0 The name means \u2018pastured enclosure\u2019 from Old English l<\/em>\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2019pasture\u2019) + h\u00e6g<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LEYLAND MILL BROW <\/strong>is an area south of Haigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> beside the River Douglas<\/strong>.\u00a0 Industrial development in the area began in the mid-18th<\/sup> century but it is believed the name comes from John Leyland <\/em>(1832-1883), who acquired or built a cotton mill on the Douglas.\u00a0 The brow (Old English bru<\/em>) is the steep bank that leads up from the river.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LIGHTBOURNE GREEN <\/strong>is a residential area of Swinton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 The name is not well documented and there have been two suggestions as to its origin.\u00a0 It could mean \u2018light or bright stream\u2019, from Old English leoht<\/em> + burna<\/em>, but streams in Greater Manchester are mostly dark brooks and bournes are almost unknown.\u00a0 Alternatively, the area might be named after Robert Lightbourne<\/em>, who is known to have lived and farmed there in the late 17th<\/sup> or early 18th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LIGHT HAZZLES RESERVOIR <\/strong>near Summit <\/strong>in Littleborough <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale <\/strong>was built in 1807 to supply water for the Rochdale Canal but was purchased in 1923 by Rochdale and Oldham <\/strong>Corporations to provide drinking water for the two towns.\u00a0 It takes its name from its source, Light Hazzles Brook<\/em>, which is a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong>, and Light Hazzles Edge<\/em>, a nearby promontory.\u00a0 The name means \u2018few hazel trees\u2019 from Old English lyt<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a little, a few\u2019) + haesel\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018hazel-tree\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LIGHTSHAW MEADOWS <\/strong>is an 18-hectare country park in Abram<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> that was opened in 2010 and now forms one site of the Flashes of Wigan and Leigh<\/strong>.\u00a0 Lightshaw Hall was built in the 16th<\/sup> century and is derived from Old English lihte<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018sparse\u2019) + sceaga <\/em>(\u2018copse\u2019).\u00a0 Lightshaw Hall is still standing and Lightshaw Meadows were shaped by 20th<\/sup>-century mining subsidence.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LILFORD <\/strong>is a residential and recreational area of Leigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is an eponym dating from the early 19th<\/sup> century, when Thomas Atherton Powys (1801-1861), who owned estates at Atherton<\/strong>, inherited the title of Lord Lilford<\/em>.\u00a0 The title was taken from Lilford<\/em> in Northamptonshire, which either means \u2018chattering (Old English lille<\/em>) ford<\/em>\u2019 or \u2018ford named after Lilla<\/em>\u2019.\u00a0 A later Lord Lilford donated the land for Lilford Park, which was opened in 1886 and enlarged in 1915.\u00a0 Lilford Park lends its name to Lilford Park Brook, a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LILY HILL<\/strong> is a residential and countryside area north of Whitefield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0The name is not well documented before 1866, when it was one of six hamlets combined to form the township of Whitefield.\u00a0 The name is thought to be quite literal \u2013 a hill<\/em> covered with lilies<\/em> (Old English lilie<\/em>), reinforcing the suggestion that the meaning of Whitefield is \u2018a field covered with white lilies\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LILY LANES <\/strong>is a farm location between Alt<\/strong> Hill and Hartshead Green<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It lies at the junction of Lily Lane and Twirl Hill<\/strong> Road \u2013 hence the lanes<\/em> element of the name.\u00a0 The first element is said to come from Old English lilie<\/em>, meaning \u2018lily\u2019. \u00a0Hartshead Green farmhouse on Lily Lane dates from the late 17th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LIME FIELD <\/strong>is a recreational and residential area west of Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 Mid-19th<\/sup> century maps suggest that it was an area where there was a lot of lime<\/em> in the fields<\/em>, probably revealing the underlying rock formation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LIMEFIELD<\/strong> is a residential area of Bury <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1843 and could mean \u2018the field with a lime tree\u2019 or \u2018the field spread with lime\u2019.\u00a0 The name seems to originate with a house with a small park, so perhaps the former meaning is more likely.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LIMEHURST <\/strong>is a former village which is now part of Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, but formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1292 and the modern spelling had been adopted by 1422.\u00a0 The name is unlikely to mean \u2018lime forest\u2019 and is more likely to mean \u2018the forest (Old English hyrst<\/em>) within the Lyme\u2019.\u00a0 Lyme<\/em> meant that the place was included in Lancashire proper, as opposed to outlying areas in neighbouring counties.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LIMESIDE\u00a0<\/strong>is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, about 3 kilometres south of the town centre.\u00a0 The area was once occupied by Limeside village and Limeside Farm, probably meaning \u2018the hillside where lime trees grow\u2019, from Old English lim<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018lime\u2019) + side<\/em> (\u2018hillside\u2019).\u00a0 The area was developed in the 1930s with a large housing estate and the 7-hectare Limeside Park.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LINCOLN SQUARE <\/strong>is a public space in the centre of Manchester<\/strong> that was laid out in 1981.\u00a0 In 1986, a statue of American President Abraham Lincoln, which had been erected in Platt Fields<\/strong> in 1919, was moved to Lincoln Square.\u00a0 The plaque misquotes Lincoln\u2019s letter of 1863 to the working men of Manchester, expressing his appreciation for their support during the American Civil War and the resulting \u2018cotton famine\u2019 in Lancashire<\/strong>:\u00a0 \u2018To the working people of Manchester 19th January 1863 \/ I know and deeply deplore the sufferings which the working people of Manchester \/ and in all Europe are called to endure in this crisis\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LINFITTS <\/strong>and LINFITTS SLACK \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>Linfitts is a hamlet north-west of Delph<\/strong> in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Lindthait <\/em>at the end of the 12th<\/sup> century and by 1208 as Lynthwait<\/em>, a spelling that is retained in nearby Lynthwaite<\/em> farm.\u00a0\u00a0 However, the spelling was rationalised to Linfitts<\/em> by the time Lindfitts Mill was built in 1775.\u00a0 The name means \u2018flax clearing\u2019 or \u2018clearing where flax is grown\u2019, from Old Norse or Old English lin<\/em>, meaning \u2018flax\u2019, and Old Norse thwaite<\/em>, meaning \u2018clearing, farm\u2019.\u00a0 The name is an early indicator of the textile industry before flax was supplanted by imported cotton.\u00a0 Linfitts Slack lies to the north-west of Linfitts and takes its name from the Old Norse slakke<\/em>, meaning \u2018shallow depression\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LINGARD\u2019S FOOTBRIDGE <\/strong>is a metal footbridge supported by water pipes over the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong> near Blackmoor<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The bridge seems to be of recent construction but it is uncertain if there were previous bridges at this site.\u00a0 The name ultimately means \u2018flax enclosure\u2019, from the Old English l<\/em>\u012bn<\/em> (\u2018flax\u2019) + Old Norse garthr<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019).\u00a0 However, it is likely that the name is an eponym that was taken from the locational surname of the Lingard<\/em> family, who were major landowners in the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LINNET CLOUGH <\/strong>is a small reservoir west of Mellor<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, formerly in Derbyshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally built in 1793 as a mill pond for Mellor Mill in Marple<\/strong> and it took its name from the clough<\/em> (Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>) or valley of Linnet Brook<\/em>, which empties into the River Goyt<\/strong> east of Marple.\u00a0 Linnet<\/em> is from Old English l<\/em>\u00ednetw<\/em>\u00edge<\/em> or a 16th<\/sup>-century borrowing from Old French linette<\/em>, and is related to modern English linen<\/em>.\u00a0 Linnets were common in Derbyshire in the past as they feed on flax seeds.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LINNYSHAW<\/strong> is a residential area and industrial estate to the east of Walkden<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the second half of the 19th<\/sup> century, when Linnyshaw Colliery was opened in 1865 and Linnyshaw Mills were built in 1874.\u00a0 The name means \u2018small lime wood\u2019, from Old English lind<\/em> (\u2018lime-tree\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse\u2019).\u00a0 The colliery was closed and demolished in 1921, and has now been converted into Linnyshaw Park, while a disused railway line known as the Linnyshaw Loopline has been turned into a walking and cycling route between Little Hulton<\/strong> and Walkden<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LITTLE BOLTON\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>BOLTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LITTLEBOROUGH<\/strong> is a town on the River Roch<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> about 21 kilometres north-east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1577 as Littlebrough <\/em>and means either \u2018little town\u2019 or \u2018little fort\u2019, from the Old English l\u0233tel\u00a0<\/em>+ burh<\/em>.\u00a0 It is thought that there may have been some sort of fortification on the nearby Roman road to Ilkley but there seems to be no record of this.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LITTLE CLEGG <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> CLEGG HALL<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LITTLE HOUGHTON\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> WESTHOUGHTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LITTLE HULTON\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>HULTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LITTLE IRELAND<\/strong> was a slum area south of Manchester <\/strong>city centre around the north end of Oxford Road<\/strong>.\u00a0 Houses originally built in the early 19th<\/sup> century were occupied by large numbers of Irish immigrants who came to work in the expanding textile industry.\u00a0 The area was described by Engels in the early 1840s:\u00a0 \u2018the most horrible spot \u2026 two groups of cottages, built chiefly back to back, in which live about 4,000 human beings, most of them Irish. The cottages are old, dirty, and of the smallest sort, the streets uneven, fallen into ruts and in part without drains or pavement; masses of refuse, offal, and sickening filth lie among standing pools in all directions\u2026.. The race that lives in these ruinous cottages, behind broken windows, mended with oil-skin, sprung doors, and rotten door-posts, or in dark, wet cellars, in measureless filth and stench must surely have reached the lowest stage of humanity.\u2019\u00a0 Much of the area was vacated in 1845-47 to make way for the new Manchester South Junction & Altrincham Railway and its Oxford Road station headquarters.\u00a0 The area was demolished in about 1877.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LITTLE LEVER <\/strong>is part of the area named Lever<\/em> which consists of several settlements \u2013 Darcy Lever<\/strong>, Great Lever<\/strong>, Lever Edge<\/strong> and Little Lever<\/strong> \u2013 south of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name Lever is recorded in 1212 as Lefre<\/em>, from the Old English lefer<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018rush, reed\u2019), so that the entire area would mean \u2018where the rushes or reeds grow\u2019 on the banks of the Irwell<\/strong> and Croal<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LITTLE MOSS<\/strong> is an area of north-west Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was established as a civil parish of Lancashire<\/strong> in 1894 but it is not clear if the name has older roots.\u00a0 Its meaning is literally \u2018little moss\u2019 (\u2018bog, swamp\u2019) and it is one of the many \u2018moss\u2019 place names in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LITTLE PARK <\/strong>is a residential area on the north bank of the River Irk<\/strong> west of Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It dates from the Middle Ages, when it formed one of two \u2018parks\u2019 of Middleton Hall \u2013 the large park was the estate surrounding the hall, probably with deer, while the Little Park<\/em> was its garden.\u00a0 The larger park was sold off from the late 18th<\/sup> century for the development of the town of Middleton.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LITTLE SCOTLAND <\/strong>is located in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, 5 kilometres south of Bolton itself.\u00a0 There are two theories for its derivation.\u00a0 One is that the Wigan<\/strong> section of the Leeds & Liverpool Canal was mostly built by navvies from Aberdeen in the 1780s and the area where they lived became known as Little Scotland<\/em>.\u00a0 Another is that the Earl of Balcarres and Crawford, who was a Scotsman, brought staff from Scotland for his new residence at Haigh <\/strong>Hall, which was built in 1827-1840.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LITTLE WHINNING GULF\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>GREAT WHINNING GULF<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LIVERPOOL ROAD<\/strong> is a disused railway station located on Liverpool Road<\/em>, west of Deansgate<\/strong> in central Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened on 15 September 1830 as the eastern terminus of the Liverpool & Manchester Railway, and can claim to be the oldest surviving railway terminus in the world.\u00a0 It was closed to passengers on 4 May 1844, when the company\u2019s line was extended to the newly-completed Manchester Victoria Station<\/strong>.\u00a0 It remained as a goods depot until 1975 but was sold to Greater Manchester Council in 1978 and converted into what is now the Manchester Museum of Science and Industry, opened in 1983.\u00a0 Liverpool comes from the Old English lifer<\/em> (\u2018thick water\u2019) + p<\/em>\u014dl<\/em> (\u2018pool, creek\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LONDON ROAD STATION<\/strong> was the name of Manchester<\/strong>\u2019s main railway terminus, which had been opened by the Manchester & Birmingham and Sheffield Ashton-under-Lyne & Manchester railways as Store Street<\/strong> in 1842.\u00a0 The name was changed to London Road in 1847 and to Piccadilly<\/strong> in 1960.\u00a0 It took the name from London Road<\/em>, which runs alongside the station to the south west.\u00a0 Although the Romans had built a road from Manchester to Buxton and London<\/em> (what is now the A6), the name is given as Bank Top on maps until 1813.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LONGDENDALE <\/strong>is a valley in the Peak District<\/strong> and was adopted as the name of an urban district in Cheshire<\/strong> in 1936, but was absorbed into the new Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> in 1974.\u00a0 The name was first recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Langedendele<\/em> and means \u2018the long (Old English lange<\/em>-) valley (denu<\/em>) dale (dala<\/em>)\u2019.\u00a0 See also<\/em> MOTTRAM IN LONGDENDALE<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LONGDEN END BROOK <\/strong>is a watercourse that rises near Windy Hill<\/strong> on the boundary between West Yorkshire<\/strong> and the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It flows south-west through Rakewood<\/strong> Valley to Hollingworth Lake<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not recorded before the first Ordnance Survey maps of the area in the 1840s and probably means \u2018brook (Old English br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em>) at the end<\/em> of a long<\/em> valley (Old English denu<\/em>)\u2019, perhaps referring to the point at which the brook emerges from the upper valley on the moors into Rakewood Valley.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LONGFORD PARK <\/strong>is a 22-hectare public park in Stretford<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>, and it also gives its name to an electoral ward of Trafford.\u00a0 <\/strong>The name is first recorded in 1320-1346 as the long<\/em> ford<\/em>, presumably a ford used by those on the Roman road from Chester to Manchester <\/strong>crossing the River Mersey<\/strong> in Stretford.\u00a0 The ford gave its name to a village and to the Longford family, who had lived in the area since the 11th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Their Longford Park estate eventually became the home of John Rylands<\/strong> in 1855, and was sold to Stretford Council in 1911, opening to the public in 1912.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LONGSHAW <\/strong>was a common place name across Lancashire<\/strong>, Yorkshire<\/strong> and Derbyshire<\/strong>, meaning \u2018long or narrow wood\u2019 from Old English lang <\/em>(\u2018tall, long\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018small wood, copse\u2019).\u00a0\u00a0 This Longshaw is a small agricultural and residential area west of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 Neighbouring Longshaw Bottom and Longshaw Common are in the Metropolitan Borough of St Helens in Merseyside<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LONGSHOOT <\/strong>is a suburb of Wigan<\/strong>, east of the town centre.\u00a0 There have been fanciful suggestions for the origin of the name \u2013 it was an area where archers practised shooting their bows and arrows, or where the Parliamentarians set up their cannons to shoot at the Royalists during the Civil War in 1643.\u00a0 The origin is not well documented before 1827 but seems to be a remnant of the mediaeval system of dividing large open fields into smaller strips of various shapes and sizes known as \u2018shoots<\/em>\u2019.\u00a0 In Wigan, Longshoot and nearby Middleshoot may have been part of a large field known as Scholes<\/strong>-Field.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LONGSIGHT <\/strong>is an inner-city area of the City of Manchester<\/strong>, approximately 5 kilometres south of the city centre, formerly known as Grindlow Marsh, which is recorded in 1282 meaning \u2018green hill\u2019, from Old English gr\u0113ne<\/em> + hl\u0101w<\/em>.\u00a0 The Longsight<\/em> name is not well documented but it is usually said that Bonnie Prince Charlie or one of his officers stood outside the Waggon and Horses Inn during the 1745 Jacobite incursion into England, looked towards the city and said that it was a \u2018long sight\u2019<\/em> to Manchester.\u00a0 However, there was already a Longsight Cottage<\/em> in the area, recorded in 1706.\u00a0 It has been suggested that the origin could be Middle English lang <\/em>(\u2018tall, long\u2019) + shote<\/em> (\u2018corner of land, projecting piece of land\u2019) or shut<\/em> (\u2018hillside or slope\u2019).\u00a0 Other sources suggest a date as late as 1843, which coincides with the opening of Longsight station by the Manchester & Birmingham Railway.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

LORD\u2019S BROOK <\/strong>is a stream which rises north-east of Woodhouses<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows approximately .75 of a kilometre south-west through Failsworth<\/strong> into the River Medlock<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name was taken from Lord<\/em> William de Nevill, who held the local manor for King John at the start of the 13th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The brook either flowed through his property or formed a boundary to it.\u00a0 In 1794, Lord\u2019s Brook was diverted under Hollinwood <\/strong>Canal at Crime Lake<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOSTOCK<\/strong> is a residential area of western Bolton<\/strong> in the Croal<\/strong> valley, approximately 20 kilometres north-west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1205 as Lostok<\/em>, meaning \u2018pig-sty farm or hamlet\u2019, from Old English hl<\/em>\u014dse <\/em>(\u2018pig-sty\u2019) + stoc<\/em> (\u2018farmstead, hamlet\u2019).<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

LOW CROMPTON\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>CROMPTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER BREDBURY \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0See<\/em> BREDBURY<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER BROUGHTON\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> BROUGHTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER CHELBURN \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0See<\/em> CHELBURN<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER CRUMPSALL\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> CRUMPSALL<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER DUNISHBOOTH\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> DUNISHBOOTH<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER FOLD<\/strong> is one of a series of hamlets, farmsteads or \u2018folds\u2019 beside the River Spodden<\/strong> north of Spotland<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 Lower Fold is recorded in 1781.\u00a0 A fold<\/em> is a small animal enclosure or farmstead with a few cottages and lower<\/em> refers to its position in the Spodden valley, contrasting with Fold Head, a hamlet higher up the valley in Rossendale.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER GREEN\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> ASTLEY <\/strong>and ASTLEY GREEN<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER HEALEY\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> HEALEY<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER HINDS\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> HINDS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER INCE\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> INCE-IN-MAKERFIELD<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER IRLAM<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> IRLAM<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER KERSAL <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> KERSAL<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER NADEN RESERVOIR \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0See<\/em> NADEN<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER OGDEN\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> OGDEN<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER ROE CROSS\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> ROE CROSS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER RUSHCROFT \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0See<\/em> RUSHCROFT<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER SUMMERSEAT\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>SUMMERSEAT<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER SWINESHAW RESERVOIR \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0See<\/em> SWINESHAW<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWER WHITELEY DEAN BROOK <\/strong>rises south-east of Rakewood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and flows north to meet Longden End Brook<\/strong>, which eventually flows into Hollingworth Lake<\/strong>.\u00a0 Whiteley<\/em> was an area north of Spotland<\/strong> that was recorded in about 1255 as belonging to Henry de le Wetelegh<\/em> and in about 1280 as Wytelegh<\/em>, both names meaning \u2018bright or fair (Old English hw<\/em>\u012bt<\/em>) clearing (l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em>)\u2019.\u00a0 The name survived on 19th<\/sup>-century maps as a settlement as well as Whiteley Moor and Whiteley Fold, but then seems to disappear from 20th<\/sup>-century maps.\u00a0 Lower Whiteley was a related settlement to the east which appears on 19th<\/sup>-century Ordnance Survey maps and which gave its name to Lower Whiteley Dean Brook, meaning the stream (Old English br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em>) which flows through the valley (denu<\/em>) near or beside Lower Whiteley\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOW HALL NATURE RESERVE <\/strong>near Platt Bridge <\/strong>is one of the Flashes of Wigan and Leigh<\/strong>.\u00a0 Low or Lowe Hall<\/em> is recorded in 1377 as a country house, its name derived from Old English hl<\/em>\u0101w <\/em>(\u2018hill, mound\u2019).\u00a0 Low Hall colliery began working in 1847 and was finally closed in 1931.\u00a0 The polluted site, with flashes produced by the flooding of<\/p>\n

land which had subsided during underground mining operations, was reclaimed and developed over a period of about 30 years before being designated as a nature reserve in 2009.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

The LOWRY<\/strong> is a theatre and gallery centre in Salford Quays<\/strong> that was opened by Queen Elizabth II on 12 October 2000.\u00a0 It is named after the artist, L S Lowry<\/em> (1887-1986), who was famed for his paintings of industrial buildings and landscapes in Greater Manchester<\/strong> and elsewhere.\u00a0 Many of Lowry\u2019s paintings (see<\/em> Appendix 2) are on now display at the Lowry gallery.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWRY\u2019S STEPS <\/strong>or LOWRY\u2019S FOOTBRIDGE\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>COLLYHURST FOOTBRIDGE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWTON<\/strong> is a residential area south of Leigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, which also gives its name to the outlying area of Lowton Common, Lowton St Mary\u2019s<\/strong> and Town of Lowton.\u00a0 The name is recorded from 1202 as Lauton<\/em> and this is said to mean \u2018hill settlement or farmstead\u2019, from Old English hl<\/em>\u0101w <\/em>(\u2018hill, mound\u2019) + t\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018village, farmstead\u2019).\u00a0 Despite the suggestion of its modern spelling, Lowton sits on a slight hill.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LOWTON ST MARY\u2019S <\/strong>is a residential area south-east of Lowton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 As Lowton\u2019s population expanded in the 19th<\/sup> century with mine and mill workers, an Anglican church named St Mary\u2019s<\/em> was built in 1859-61, so that the area became known as Lowton St Mary\u2019s.\u00a0 The name was perhaps standardised by the opening of Lowton St Mary\u2019s station by the Wigan Junction Railways in 1884.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LUDWORTH<\/strong> is an area of Marple<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally part of Derbyshire<\/strong>, but was transferred to Cheshire<\/strong> in 1934 and to Greater Manchester<\/strong> in 1974.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Lodeuorth<\/em> but something close to the modern spelling was found in Luddeworthe<\/em> in 1330.\u00a0\u00a0 The name is an eponym meaning \u2018Luda\u2019s enclosure\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Luda <\/em>+ worth<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LUMB BROOK <\/strong>is a short tributary of the River Medlock<\/strong> which rises north of Droylsden<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> and flows north-west to join the Medlock.\u00a0 It means \u2018deep hole in or by a stream\u2019, from Old English Old English lumm<\/em> (\u2018a pool\u2019) + br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em> (\u2018dirty stream\u2019).\u00a0 \u2018Lumb\u2019 is a dialect word that is largely confined to places in West Yorkshire<\/strong>, Greater Manchester<\/strong>, Lancashire<\/strong> and northern Cheshire<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LUMB HOLE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises on the moors north-west of Denshaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It has two short tributaries, Cherry Brook<\/strong> and Brimmy Brook<\/strong>, and it meets the Tame in Denshaw.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but would seem to mean \u2018the stream (Old English broc<\/em>) with or originating in a deep pool (lumb<\/em>) in a hollow (hol<\/em>).\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1786-87, when Lumb Hole Mill was built.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LUZLEY <\/strong>is a village north of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded on 1246 as Luseleg<\/em>, probably from the Old English hl<\/em>\u014dse<\/em> (\u2018pig sty\u2019) + l\u0113ah <\/em>(‘wood, clearing or meadow’).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LUZLEY BROOK <\/strong>is a residential area north-east of Royton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It developed in the early 19th<\/sup> century as a hamlet around the Angel Inn, a pub on the Rochdale<\/strong> turnpike road built in 1810.\u00a0 The hamlet took its name from the nearby stream, which is a tributary of the River Irk<\/strong>.\u00a0 Luzley is usually said to derive from the Old English hl<\/em>\u014dse<\/em> (\u2018pig sty\u2019) + l\u0113ah <\/em>(‘wood, clearing or meadow’), but the Luzley Brook<\/em> is thought to have included a pen for stray cattle rather than pigs.\u00a0 However, the original meaning of hl<\/em>\u014dse<\/em> was probably more general \u2013 simply a shed or a shelter, which could describe a pen for cattle.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The LYCEUM THEATRE <\/strong>is part of a cultural hub housed in the Lyceum Building in central Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally built in 1856 as centre for art, education and literature in the town, and the theatre was added in 1938.\u00a0 The name comes from the Greek lykeion<\/em>, meaning \u2018a centre for gymnastics and philosophy\u2019.\u00a0 It was first adopted in English for the Lyceum Theatre in London in 1765 and lyceums were subsequently built in many English towns and cities.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LYDGATE\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>There are several places called Lydgate across England, including at least two in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is derived from the Old English hlid-geat<\/em>, meaning \u2018swing gate\u2019 \u2013 a gate across a field or road to prevent cattle from straying or perhaps to collect tolls.\u00a0 Lydgate in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldam<\/strong> is recorded from the 16th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Lydgate gives its name to Lydgate Clough, a stream which flows north-west from Lydgate to meet the River Roch<\/strong> in Calderbrook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LYME PARK<\/strong> is a country house and estate owned by the National Trust.\u00a0 It is officially in Cheshire<\/strong> but the postal address is in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1312 as Lyme<\/em> and as parcum de Lyme<\/em> in 1466.\u00a0 The name means \u2018forest\u2019 rather than \u2018lime\u2019, and refers to the ancient forest of Lancashire<\/strong> known as the Lyme, <\/em>which gives its name to Ashton-under-Lyne <\/strong>and Limehurst<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
M<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MACKIE MAYOR <\/strong>is a retail area housed in the last remaining building of Smithfield Market<\/strong> in what is now the Northern Quarter<\/strong> of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The original building was opened in 1858 by Ivie Mackie<\/em> (1805-1873), a Scotsman who was Lord Mayor<\/em> of Manchester in 1857-1860 and whose name is inscribed above the entrance.\u00a0 The old Smithfield Market was closed in 1972 but the Mackie building was preserved.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u201cMADCHESTER\u201d <\/strong>was the nickname given to describe the vibrant Manchester music scene of the late 1980s and early 1990s, much of which centred on the H<\/strong>a\u00e7ienda<\/strong> nightclub in Gaythorn<\/strong> in central Manchester.\u00a0 <\/strong>The term was coined by Philip Shotton and Keith Jobling of Factory Records, and popularised by Factory Records director, Tony Wilson, and the Happy Mondays band with their 1989 album entitled \u2018Madchester Rave On\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MAIDENS\u2019 BRIDGE <\/strong>is a road bridge over Gore Brook<\/strong> in Gorton<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 1737 by George Ryder <\/strong>and is said to have been given its name because replaced a ford and so saved local women from lifting their skirts as they crossed the brook on stepping stones.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MAINE ROAD<\/strong> is a road south of Manchester<\/strong> city centre that runs west of and parallel to Oxford Road<\/strong>.\u00a0 The road gave its name to Manchester City Football Club\u2019s stadium from 1923 to 2003, when it moved to the Etihad<\/strong> stadium.\u00a0 In the mid-19th<\/sup> century the road was called \u2018Dog Kennel Lane\u2019 as it led south to Dog Kennel Farm near Platt Fields<\/strong> where the dogs of the Didsbury<\/strong> Hunt had once been kept.\u00a0 Some adjacent land was purchased by the local temperance society in the early 1870s, but the society felt the name was inappropriate and in 1876 the name \u2018Maine Road\u2019 was adopted in reference to the prohibition laws passed by the U.S. state of Maine<\/em> in 1851.\u00a0 The dog kennels also inspired the name of Dog Kennel Brook, a stream, now largely culverted, which rises in Rusholme<\/strong> and flow south-west, passing close to what is now Maine Road.\u00a0 It then joins Chorlton<\/strong> Brook south of Mauldeth Road<\/strong> and eventually empties into the Bridgewater Canal.\u00a0 <\/strong>The American state of Maine was originally the colonial province of Maine, named in 1622 because of its Atlantic coastline and islands by the maine<\/em>, i.e. the sea.\u00a0 It became a U.S. state in 1820.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MAKERFIELD<\/strong> is a town that was in Lancashire<\/strong> until 1974, but is now divided between the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> in Greater Manchester<\/strong> and the Metropolitan Borough of St Helens in Merseyside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1121 as Macrefeld<\/em>, which is usually interpreted as \u2018open land by walls or ruins\u2019, where Celtic macre<\/em> seems to refer to the ruins of an older settlement in Wigan, but no further details are known.\u00a0 Alternatively, Macre<\/em> could be a Celtic personal name.\u00a0 It gives its name to Ashton-in-Makerfield,<\/strong> Ince-in-Makerfield <\/strong>and Orrell<\/strong>-in-Makerfield.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MAMUCIUM<\/strong> or MANCUNIUM<\/strong> forms part of the Castlefield<\/strong> Urban Heritage Park, which was opened to the public in 1982.\u00a0 It includes the excavated archaeological remains of the Roman fort of Mamucium<\/em>, as well as reconstructions of other parts.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u201cMANC-HATTAN\u201d <\/strong>is a nickname for the regeneration area at the southern area of Deansgate<\/strong> where several skyscrapers have been built in recent years.\u00a0 The term is a portmanteau word from Manc<\/em>hester + Manhattan<\/em> and seems to have been invented by Cale Green<\/strong>-based artist Eric Jackson in his 2019 poster \u2018Manc-hattan \u2013 Just like New York, but so much more charming\u2019.\u00a0 The poster shows skyscrapers towering above the \u2018Peveril of the Peak\u2019 pub in central Manchester<\/strong> (named after Sir Walter Scott\u2019s 1823 novel) and the statue of Prime Minister William Gladstone (1809-1898) in Albert Square<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER <\/strong>is a settlement in north-west England that was historically in Lancashire<\/strong> until 1974, when it became one of the 10 metropolitan boroughs of Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was established in about AD 79 as the Roman fort of Mamucium<\/strong>, a name probably taken from an older Celtic settlement meaning \u2018breast-shaped hill\u2019, from the Celtic mamm<\/em>.\u00a0 The Roman legions abandoned their fort in about AD 410 but by the time of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle at the end of the 9th<\/sup> century, the name had evolved to Mameceaster<\/em>, a hybrid with the Old English ceaster<\/em> (\u2018Roman fort\u2019) added to the Celtic root and a similar spelling of Mamecestre <\/em>was recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1). \u00a0The modern spelling with N rather than M is found from 1480 and was used by Celia Fiennes in 1698 and Daniel Defoe in about 1725.\u00a0 Manchester did not get its first MPs until 1832 and it was granted city status in 1853.\u00a0 At much the same time, the importance of the textile trade led to the nickname of \u201cCottonopolis<\/strong>\u201d.\u00a0 Since 1974 urban regeneration and the emergence of different cultures have seen new place names such as \u2018Madchester<\/strong>\u2019, China Town<\/strong>, Curry Mile<\/strong>, Eastlands<\/strong>, Gay Village<\/strong>, Manc-hattan<\/strong>, Northern Quarter<\/strong>, etc.\u00a0 A 2017 campaign to rename the city \u2018Personchester<\/strong>\u2019 because it was thought to be sexist foundered on its mistaken etymology.\u00a0 Manchester has lent its name to many places in the USA, including Manchester, New Hampshire.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

MANCHESTER AIRPORT<\/strong> is an international airport some 11 kilometres south-west of the city centre.\u00a0 It was originally opened in 1938 and known as Manchester Ringway<\/strong> Airport but the name was changed to Manchester International Airport in 1975.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER ARENA <\/strong>is an entertainment and sporting venue in central Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 1993-95 above Victoria Station<\/strong>, which has four platforms dedicated to traffic to and from the Arena.\u00a0 It has been known by various names relating to company sponsorship:\u00a0 NYNEX (New York New England Exchange) Arena, MEN (Manchester Evening News) Arena, the Phones 4u Arena, and, since 2020, the AO (Appliances Online) Arena.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER CENTRAL STATION\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> GMEX<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER EXCHANGE STATION\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> EXCHANGE STATION<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER MUSEUM OF SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0See<\/em> LIVERPOOL ROAD<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER OXFORD ROAD STATION\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> OXFORD ROAD<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER PICCADILLY STATION\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> PICCADILLY STATION<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER SHIP CANAL <\/strong>is a 58-kilometre man-made waterway linking Manchester<\/strong> with the Irish Sea at Liverpool.\u00a0 It was built in 1887-1893 as the largest and last canal built in Britain.\u00a0 It was opened by Queen Victoria<\/strong> at Mode Wheel<\/strong> on 21 May 1894.\u00a0 It went into decline in the last quarter of the 20th<\/sup> century and the docks at Salford<\/strong> were purchased by Salford City Council from the Ship Canal Company in 1984 and developed as Salford Quays<\/strong>.\u00a0 The current owners of the canal plan to develop its potential for container traffic.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER VICTORIA STATION\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> VICTORIA STATION<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANLEY PARK <\/strong>is a residential area in Whalley Range<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong> and also a small park in the same area.\u00a0 It dates from 1857, when Samuel Mendel (1811-1884), a wealthy ship owner known as the \u2018Merchant Prince\u2019, built Manley Hall<\/em> with 50 rooms and a very good art collection in 32 hectares of gardens and greenhouses.\u00a0 Mendel made his fortune carrying Manchester textiles to India and Australia round the Cape of Good Hope but lost it when the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 gave his competitors a commercial advantage.\u00a0 The estate had to be auctioned and the grounds were used as a pleasure park, but they were gradually sold off for urban development and the house was demolished in 1905.\u00a0 The park is all that remains of the original grounds.\u00a0 The name means \u2018communal wood clearing\u2019, from the old English m<\/em>\u01e3ne<\/em> (\u2018common, belonging to all men\u2019) + l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018woodland clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARIE LOUISE GARDENS <\/strong>is a 2-hectare park between West Didsbury<\/strong> and Northenden <\/strong>in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is named after Marie Louise<\/em> Bagshawe, who was the daughter of Johann Georg Silkenstadt from Bremen in Germany, a wealthy cotton merchant who emigrated to Manchester in about 1865.\u00a0 Marie Louise died in 1891 and the park was donated to the people of Manchester in her memory by her mother, Josephine Helene Silkenstadt.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARK ADDY BRIDGE\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> WODEN FOOTBRIDGE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARKLAND HILL <\/strong>is a residential area west of Bolton<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is found elsewhere in Lancashire dating from the 13th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It would seem to mean \u2018boundary area hill\u2019, from Old English mearc <\/em>(\u2018boundary, border\u2019) + land<\/em> (\u2018tract of land\u2019) + hyll<\/em>, perhaps marking the boundary between farms, villages or parishes.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARLAND<\/strong> is a residential area in north-west Castleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1200 as Merlande<\/em>, meaning either \u2018tract of land by a lake\u2019, from Old English mere<\/em> (\u2018lake\u2019) + land<\/em>, or \u2018boundary land\u2019, from Old English m<\/em>\u01e3re<\/em> (\u2018boundary, border\u2019) + land<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARPLE<\/strong> is a town on the River Goyt<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, about 14 kilometres south-east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 Until 1974 it was part of Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1122 as Merpille<\/em> and with its modern spelling in 1355.\u00a0 The name means \u2018boundary stream\u2019, from Old English m<\/em>\u01e3re<\/em> (\u2018boundary\u2019) + pyll<\/em> (\u2018pool in a river; stream\u2019), referring to the River Goyt, which was traditionally the boundary between Cheshire<\/strong> and Derbyshire<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARPLE BRIDGE<\/strong> is a residential area on the River Goyt<\/strong> north-east of Marple<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the nearby village of Marple<\/strong> but is recorded separately as Marple Bridge in 1685.\u00a0 The bridge over the Goyt which gives the place its name was said to be in need of repair in 1621, so undoubtedly dated from much earlier.\u00a0 It seems that it was repaired but needed replacement by the 1790s.\u00a0 The new bridge was built in 1800 and this is the bridge that stands today, although it was widened in 1930.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARSH GREEN <\/strong>is a suburban area north of Pemberton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was recorded in the 19th<\/sup> century as a village but was developed as a housing estate in the 1950s.\u00a0 The name seems to be quite literal \u2013 a grassy area in marshes north of the Close Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the River Douglas<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARSLAND GREEN <\/strong>is a village west of Astley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> beside the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The name is recorded in the early 17th<\/sup> century as Marsley Green<\/em> and both names are recorded in the second half of the 19th<\/sup> century, but Marsland Green seems to have become the preferred name in the 20th<\/sup>.\u00a0 Marsley<\/em> means \u2018clearing in marshy land\u2019, from Old English mersc<\/em> + l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em>, referring to the local swampland.\u00a0 Green<\/em> refers to the pasture that was used for horses on the Bolton-Leigh<\/strong> turnpike and the Leigh extension of the Bridgewater Canal.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARSLANDS<\/strong> is a village south-west of Diggle<\/strong> in the Saddleworth<\/strong> area of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is an eponym recorded in 1322-23 in reference to Robert de Merslande<\/em>.\u00a0 The name is ultimately derived from the Old English mersc<\/em> (\u2018marsh) + land<\/em> (\u2018land, estate\u2019), suggesting that it was a drained moorland peat bog.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARTINSCROFT<\/strong> is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Warrington in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1332 and is an eponym meaning \u2018Martin<\/em>\u2019s enclosure or small farm\u2019.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 In Greater Manchester<\/strong> today there is a Metrolink tram stop called \u2018Martinscroft\u2019 that was opened on 3 November 2014 and which takes its name from its position on Martinscroft<\/em> Road.\u00a0 Martinscroft Road simply means \u2018the road to Martinscroft\u2019, which lies directly to the west.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARTLAND MILL <\/strong>is an industrial area beside the River Douglas<\/strong> and the Leeds & Liverpool Canal on the edge of Wigan<\/strong>, north-west of the town centre. The name dates back to the 14th<\/sup> century, when Martland<\/em> Manor and its corn mill were first recorded.\u00a0 The name is taken from the Markland<\/em> family, who were a prominent family in the Wigan area in mediaeval times.\u00a0 The mill seems to have gone out of use when the Douglas Navigation was built in 1738-42, cutting off its water supply.\u00a0 The manor house was not demolished until the 20th<\/sup> century, when the land was cleared to make way for Martland Mill industrial estate.\u00a0 Markland is said to derive from Old English mearc <\/em>(\u2018boundary\u2019) + lanu<\/em> (\u2018lane, road\u2019) as this marked the boundary between the parishes of Wigan and Standish<\/strong>.\u00a0 Over time, Markelane<\/em> was rationalised to Martland<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARUS BRIDGE <\/strong>is a residential area of Goose Green<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is taken from a bridge<\/em> in the town carrying the old Roman road from Wigan to Warrington and it has been given to a retail park nearby.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but local sources suggest that the bridge commemorates a Roman general named Marcus<\/em> who was in command of the district in about 130 AD.\u00a0 Whether the bridge was originally built by Marcus or was named at a later date is unclear.\u00a0 It is thought that in time the name was corrupted from Marcus to Marus.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MARYLEBONE<\/strong> or MARRIEBONNE<\/strong> is a residential area east of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The spelling and origin of the name are uncertain and there have been many suggestions.\u00a0 It seems that the original name was Mariebonne \u2013 the first references seem to be Mariebonne House<\/em>, which was built in 1855, and cottages built on Mariebonne Place in 1895-1914.\u00a0 However, the spelling Marylebone is also found on maps before the end of the 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Suggestions for the origin include farms called Merrybone<\/em> or Marrowbone<\/em>, or a church called St Mary-on-the-Bourne <\/em>whose name may have been influenced by the Marylebone<\/em> district of London, which similarly originated as St Mary\u2019s bourne.\u00a0 Perhaps most convincing is that Mariebonne means \u2018St Mary the Good\u2019 and refers to a church or parish with this or a similar name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MATLEY<\/strong> is a rural area south of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1211 as Mattel <\/em>and as Mattlegh <\/em>in 1316.\u00a0 The name is an eponym meaning \u2018Matta\u2019s clearing\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Matta <\/em>+ l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018glade, woodland clearing\u2019).\u00a0 Oak Farm in Matley may suggest the type of woodland that was cleared.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MAULDETH ROAD <\/strong>stretches from Chorlton <\/strong>in the City of Manchester <\/strong>to Heaton Moor<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> and gives its name to a conservation area along the road.\u00a0 The name of the road is derived from Mauldeth Hall,<\/em> built in 1832-1840 and later used as the first residence of the Bishop of Manchester, but it is likely that the name is much older.\u00a0 It means \u2018marly earth\u2019, from the Middle English marle <\/em>+ eorthe<\/em>, referring to the clay in the soil in the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MAYFIELD PARK <\/strong>today is a 2.5-hectare public park sited on reclaimed land in central Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 Its name comes from the Old English m<\/em>\u00e6ddre<\/em>, meaning \u2018the mayweed or madder plant\u2018 (which, perhaps significantly, is used to produce a red dye, which may have been used in the textile industries) + feld<\/em>, \u2018field\u2019.\u00a0 At the end of the 18th<\/sup> century the area around what was then the small town of Manchester was surrounded by various fields and Mayfield was situated on the north bank of the River Medlock<\/strong>.\u00a0 In 1782, it was purchased by Thomas Hoyle, who built a large calico and printing works, including a dye house.\u00a0 The site was purchased by the London & North Western Railway for the new Mayfield station, which was opened in 1910 as a relief station for Manchester London Road<\/strong> (today, Manchester Piccadilly<\/strong>).\u00a0 Mayfield station was closed to passengers in 1960 and to all rail services in 1986.\u00a0 It gradually became derelict but in 2019 Depot Mayfield, a music venue, was opened, and in 2022 the southern part of the site was developed as Mayfield Park.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MEALHOUSE BROW<\/strong> is a street in central Stockport<\/strong> that appears in two paintings by L S Lowry (see<\/em> Appendix 2).\u00a0 It was recorded in 1680 as Wynn Bank (\u2018winding hill\u2019) and later as Dungeon Brow (as it was sited above the cells used for prisoners awaiting trial).\u00a0 It became known as Mealhouse Brow as it was the location for storing and selling grain or meal<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MEASUREMENTS HALT <\/strong>was a railway station opened in July 1932 by the London Midland & Scottish Railway to serve the Dobcross<\/strong> clock factory of Measurements<\/em> Ltd.\u00a0\u00a0 It was closed in May 1955 when the line from Oldham<\/strong> to Delph<\/strong> was shut.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MEDIACITYUK<\/strong>\u00a0is a property development in the Salford Quays<\/strong> district of the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 2007-2013 and named because major media <\/em>companies, including both the BBC and ITV Granada, built studios and production facilities there.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River MEDLOCK<\/strong> rises in Saddleworth<\/strong> and flows south-west for 16 kilometres into the Irwell<\/strong> in Hulme<\/strong> in the centre of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded as the Medlak<\/em> in 1292 and means \u2018meadow stream\u2019, from Old English m<\/em>\u01e3d <\/em>\u2018meadow\u2019 + lacu <\/em>\u2018stream\u2019.\u00a0 The form Medlok<\/em> appears in about 1540 and seems to be influenced by a false association with the word \u2018lock\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MELLOR <\/strong>is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally in Derbyshire<\/strong>, then became part of Cheshire<\/strong> in 1936, before being included in Greater Manchester<\/strong> in 1974.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1130 as Melver <\/em>or Meluer <\/em>and is said to mean \u2018the bare or smooth-topped hill\u2019 from the Celtic moel<\/em> (\u2019bare, bald\u2019) + bre<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MERCIA<\/strong> was one of the seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, located in the Midlands of England.\u00a0 It was established in about AD 527 and extended as far north as the River Mersey<\/strong>, although its control extended north of the Mersey into Northumbria<\/strong> and what are now parts of Great Manchester<\/strong> at times, especially after the Mercians\u2019 conversion to Christianity in the second half of the 7th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name is, like that of the Mersey, derived from the Old English m<\/em>\u01e3re<\/em>, meaning \u2018boundary\u2019 as the Mercians were thought of as \u2018boundary people\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MERE BROOK <\/strong>or MERE CLOUGH <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong> that rises in Waterdale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> and flows south-west through Philips Park <\/strong>to join the Irwell east of Prestwich<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1772, when a bleach works was built at the lower end of Mere Clough.\u00a0 The name comes from the Old English mere<\/em>, meaning \u2018lake, pond\u2019 + br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em> (\u2018stream\u2019) or cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em> (\u2018deep valley\u2019).\u00a0 Mere Brook is also known as Asylum Brook as it flows past Prestwich Mental Hospital, which was opened in 1851 as the Lancashire<\/strong> County Lunatic Asylum<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River MERSEY<\/strong>\u00a0is a major waterway of Greater<\/strong> Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is formed in Stockport<\/strong> through the confluence of the rivers Goyt<\/strong> and Tame<\/strong> and then flows westward.\u00a0 It joins the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> for some 6.5 kilometres but then separates near Warrington and flows into the Irish Sea at Liverpool, over 110 kilometres from its source.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1002 as M<\/em>\u00e6rse<\/em>, meaning \u2018boundary river\u2019 from the Old English gem<\/em>\u00e6re<\/em> (\u2018boundary\u2019) + \u0113a<\/em> (\u2018river\u2019).\u00a0 The Mersey formed the boundary between the old Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of Mercia<\/strong> and Northumbria<\/strong> from about AD 600 and, later on, between Cheshire<\/strong> and Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Virtually all of the rivers and brooks across Greater Manchester are tributaries of the Mersey, and the river gives its name to at least two towns in the county \u2013 Ashton-upon-Mersey<\/strong> and Heaton Mersey<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The MERSEY & IRWELL NAVIGATION <\/strong>was constructed in 1724-1734 to provide a navigable route between the Mersey at Runcorn and the Irwell<\/strong> at Hunt\u2019s Bank<\/strong> in Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was one of the first major man-made waterways in England but was not a true canal as it merely improved the existing rivers by eliminating meanders to straighten and shorten the route, and constructed weirs and locks to facilitate navigation.\u00a0 The word navigation<\/em> in this sense dates from 1720, and the Mersey & Irwell Navigation<\/strong> Act of 1720 was one of the very first uses.\u00a0 Among the locks were Throstles Nest<\/strong>, Mode Wheel<\/strong>, Barton<\/strong>, Calamanco <\/strong>and Sandywarps<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was a great success for nearly 150 years but had largely fallen out of use by the time the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> was completed in 1894.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MERSEYSIDE <\/strong>is a county to the west of Greater Manchester<\/strong> that was created in 1974 in what was previously south-west Lancashire<\/strong> and parts of northern Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1899 as a general term meaning \u2018beside <\/em>the River Mersey<\/em>\u2019 but was adopted as the name of the new county using the same model as counties and boroughs elsewhere in England, including Tameside<\/strong> in Greater Manchester.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MERSEY SQUARE <\/strong>is a pedestrianised shopping centre in Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in 1970 and was one of the first shopping precincts in Britain.\u00a0 It is named after the River Mersey<\/em>, which originates in Stockport and which runs deep beneath Mersey Square.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MESNES PARK<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0See<\/em> WORSLEY MESNES<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MICKER BROOK\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>BOLLINHURST BROOK<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MICKLEHURST<\/strong> is a district in Mossley<\/strong> in the Borough of Tameside<\/strong> that was formerly part of Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1345 as Mikelhourst<\/em>, from the Old English micel<\/em>, meaning \u2018large or great\u2019 + hyrst<\/em>, meaning \u2018wooded hill\u2019.\u00a0 It gives its name to Micklehurst Brook, a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MIDDLEBROOK<\/strong> or MIDDLE BROOK<\/strong> is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1292 as Mikelbrok<\/em>, meaning \u2018great brook\u2019, from the Old English micel<\/em> (\u2018big, great\u2019) + broc<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018brook, stream\u2019).\u00a0 The brook gave its name to the settlement and, over the years, the names of both became rationalised to \u2018Middlebrook\u2019.\u00a0 The Middle Brook itself is a tributary of the River Croal <\/strong>and was the usual name for the Croal until early in the 19th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MIDDLE HEALEY\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> HEALEY<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MIDDLE HULTON<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0See <\/em>HULTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MIDDLE NADEN RESERVOIR\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> NADEN<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MIDDLETON<\/strong> is a town on the River Irk<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are many places called Middleton<\/em> in Britain, all meaning \u2018middle homestead, village or settlement\u2019 and deriving from Old English middel<\/em> + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>.\u00a0 Middleton in Rochdale is recorded in 1194 as Middelton, <\/em>and is thought to be a reference to its position midway between Manchester<\/strong> and Rochdale<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MIDDLETON JUNCTION<\/strong> is an area in Middleton<\/strong> in the Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and Chadderton<\/strong> in the Borough of Oldham <\/strong>which was developed in the early 19th<\/sup> century as an industrial area along the Rochdale Canal.\u00a0 The Manchester & Leeds Railway\u2019s main line between the two cities was built in 1839 with a junction to Oldham Werneth<\/strong> and a station was opened on 31 March 1842.\u00a0 Initially named Oldham Junction, the station was renamed Middleton Junction<\/em> in 1852.\u00a0 The station was closed in 1966 and demolished but the area surrounding it retains the name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MIDLAND HOTEL<\/strong> is a large hotel in central Manchester<\/strong> opened in 1903 by the Midland<\/em> Railway close to its Manchester Central<\/strong> station.\u00a0 It is said to have been the first building in Britain to be air-conditioned, and in 1904 Charles Rolls met Henry Royce there and formed the Rolls Royce car company.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MID REDDISH\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> REDDISH<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MILE END<\/strong> is an area of Davenport<\/strong> in Stockport<\/strong> whose name means \u2018place at the end of a mile\u2019 from the centre of Stockport.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1587, when Alexander Lowe, the mayor of Stockport, was living in Mile End Hall<\/em>, which stood on the main road from Manchester <\/strong>to London (now the A6).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MILES PLATTING<\/strong> is an inner-city suburb of Manchester<\/strong> lying approximately 2 kilometres north-east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name first appears in 1742 referring to a bridge that carried the Oldham<\/strong> Road over Newton Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name comes from platting<\/em>, a Lancashire dialect term for a \u2018small bridge\u2019, which was located a mile <\/em>from the city centre.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MILL BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Douglas<\/strong> that rises north-east of Shevington <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and flows south to meet the Douglas near Crooke<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is derived from 18th<\/sup> century corn mills<\/em> in the area, probably Standish<\/strong> Mill on what then became Mill Brook.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MILLBROOK<\/strong> is a village near Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name literally means \u2018the mill by the brook\u2019 and is recorded in 1831.\u00a0 The mills referred to were cotton mills that were built in the early part of the 19th<\/sup> century and the brook is Swineshaw<\/strong> Brook (meaning \u2018swine wood\u2019), also first recorded in 1831, which flows through the village.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The name was perhaps standardised when the London & North Western Railway opened a station called Staley & Millbrook in July 1886.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MILL BROW, Marple Bridge<\/strong>, is a hamlet north-west of Mellor <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is believed that Ludworth<\/strong> Mill, a 13th-century corn mill<\/em> which served the scattered farms of what was then western Derbyshire<\/strong>, was the mill that gave the hamlet its name.\u00a0 The mill was presumably at the foot of the brow in the valley of Mill or Mill Brow Brook (a tributary of the River Goyt<\/strong>) below Mill Brow itself.\u00a0 Mill Brow is recorded in 1857 but Ludworth Mill is found rather earlier in 1714.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MILL BROW, Worsley<\/strong>, is a residential area north of Boothstown <\/strong>in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is derived from a corn mill which stood at the bottom of the brow (Old English bru<\/em> meaning \u2018a steep hill or bank that leads up from a river\u2019) and which was presumably powered by water from Stirrup Brook<\/strong>, which later becomes Ellen Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The corn mill is recorded in 1206 and was not finally demolished until 1904.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MILLERS BROOK <\/strong>is a short tributary of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 It rises north of Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and then flows north-east through Queen\u2019s Park<\/strong> to meet the Roch.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1847, when Millers Brook Mill<\/em> was erected, but may date back much further to the building of a water wheel to power a corn or textile mill<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MILLINGFORD BROOK <\/strong>is a 15-kilometre stream that rises near Billinge <\/strong>and flows south-west through Golborne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, before turning west to join Newton Brook<\/strong> and then flowing into the River Mersey<\/strong> at Sankey Bridges outside Warrington.\u00a0\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the 19th<\/sup> century and it is thought that it was probably originally called Golborne.\u00a0 At some point it was renamed Millingford Brook \u2013 \u2018the ford across the brook where milling takes place\u2019 \u2013 probably referring to a mediaeval corn milling<\/em> waterwheel rather than industrial cotton milling.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MILLS HILL<\/strong> is an industrial and residential area in east Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It lies on the Rochdale Canal and the River Irk<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented and, although many textile mills were built in the area in the 19th<\/sup> century, the name may be older and could refer to windmills<\/em> or corn mills<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MILNROW<\/strong> is a town on the River Beal<\/strong> in the Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> that was part of Lancashire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is first recorded as Milnehuses<\/em> in the 13th<\/sup> century but had become Mylnerowe<\/em> by 1554.\u00a0 The name means \u2018row of houses by a mill\u2019 from the Old English myln<\/em> (\u2018mill\u2019) + r<\/em>\u0101w<\/em> (\u2018a row of houses, trees, etc\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MIRRLEES FIELDS<\/strong> is a location in Hazel Grove<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> that includes the former factory site and recreational grounds of the Mirrlees<\/em> Engineering Company.\u00a0 The company was established in Glasgow in 1840 but moved to Hazel Grove in 1908, producing diesel engines.\u00a0 It closed in 2000 and the land may be developed into a housing estate.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MITCHELL HEY<\/strong> is a residential area of Rochdale<\/strong> west of the town centre within a loop in the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is believed to be an eponym derived from the family name Mitchell <\/em>+ Old English h<\/em>\u00e6g <\/em>meaning \u2018enclosure, hedged enclosure\u2019.\u00a0 In 1859 the site was purchased from a Mr William Holt by the Rochdale Pioneers<\/strong> for a steam-powered weaving mill to be run on co-operative principles.\u00a0 The chairman at the time was J T W Mitchell (1828-1895), but the naming of the mill was coincidental.\u00a0 When the mill was demolished, a block of flats with the same name was erected on the site in the 1960s.\u00a0 In 2017 it was announced that this block would be demolished as part of a new housing scheme.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MODE WHEEL <\/strong>today is an industrial estate in the City of Salford<\/strong> beside the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The Mode Wheel locks were the last on the Manchester Ship Canal, lifting ships 4 metres to the level of Salford docks, and it was at the Mode Wheel locks that Queen Victoria<\/strong> officially opened the Manchester Ship Canal on 21 May 1894.\u00a0 The Mode Wheel locks pre-dated the Manchester Ship Canal by some 170 years, having originally been built in the late 1720s as one of the 8 sets of locks on the Mersey & Irwell Navigation<\/strong>, enabling ships to sail from Runcorn to Hunt\u2019s Bank<\/strong> at Salford.\u00a0 The original Mode Wheel was a waterwheel that must have been constructed in the 16th<\/sup> century or even earlier to power a corn mill.\u00a0 This was named Maud\u2019s Mill<\/em> but the name had been corrupted to \u2018Mode Wheel\u2019 by the 1720s.\u00a0 Maud cannot be identified with any certainty but a Maud<\/em> de Worsley is known to have land in Pendleton<\/strong>, Woodhouses<\/strong> and Wallness<\/strong> in 1332.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOLYNEUX BROW<\/strong> was a hamlet north-west of Clifton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name was recorded in the early 17th<\/sup> century as Mullineux Brow<\/em> and with its more modern spelling in 1853, when the East Lancashire Railway opened Molyneux Brow<\/em> station, taking its name from a few cottages nearby.\u00a0 The name is assumed to be an Anglo-Norman eponym:\u00a0 a Norman from the town of Moulineaux<\/em> (\u2018mill of the waters\u2019) came over with William the Conqueror in 1066 and one of his descendants was given a manor in Sefton, outside Liverpool.\u00a0 The family were influential in Lancashire and two – Sir Thomas Molyneux<\/em> and Sir William Molyneux<\/em> – <\/strong>became sheriffs of the county in the late 15th<\/sup> and early 16th<\/sup> centuries.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MONKS HALL <\/strong>is a building in Eccles<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The original building is believed to date back to 1234 and took its name either from the monks<\/em> of Whalley Abbey, who owned land in Eccles, or from the de Monks<\/em> family, who are known to have lived in Eccles.\u00a0 Various buildings with various uses have stood on the site.\u00a0 The 17th<\/sup>-century building was purchased by Eccles council in 1959 and converted into a museum, but this closed in the late 1980s.\u00a0 Much of the building was destroyed by fire in 2016 and there are currently plans to convert it into housing.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MONSALL<\/strong> is a suburb of Manchester<\/strong>, north-east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name was recorded as Monshalgh<\/em> in 1546 and means \u2018monk\u2019s (Old English monke<\/em>) corner or nook (halh<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MONTON<\/strong> is a residential area in the City of Salford<\/strong>, lying on Dean\u2019s Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1190 as Mawinton<\/em>, believed to be an eponym meaning \u2018Mawinga\u2019s or Mawa\u2019s village or farmstead\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>.\u00a0 An alternative suggestion is that the name may be derived from monk<\/em> + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> as it is known that there was a monastic community in the area in mediaeval times.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MONTSERRAT<\/strong> is a residential area north-east of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is Catalan, meaning \u2018serrated or jagged mountain\u2019.\u00a0 It is said that a row of cottages was built early in the 19th<\/sup> century by an ex-soldier who had fought with the Duke of Wellington<\/strong> in the Peninsular War in Spain.\u00a0 In 1811 and 1812 the monastery at Montserrat<\/em> in Catalonia in north-east Spain was destroyed by Napoleon\u2019s troops and the builder named the cottages to commemorate the monastery.\u00a0 In the 1930s the cottages were demolished and, after the war, an estate was built and given the name Montserrat.\u00a0 The estate now seems to be called Johnson Fold<\/strong> but Montserrat still appears on maps as the name of the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOORCLOSE<\/strong> is a residential area of Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is not well documented before the 19th<\/sup> century and, while the location is close to Rooley Moor<\/strong>, the name is thought to derive from being an area of the moors<\/em> that was enclosed<\/em> following they Middleton Enclosure Act of 1803.\u00a0 After World War II, a council housing estate was built in Moorclose using the labour of former prisoners from Slattocks<\/strong> prisoner-of-war camp.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOOREND<\/strong> is a hamlet east of Mellor<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally part of Derbyshire<\/strong> but was transferred to Cheshire<\/strong> in 1936 and to Greater Manchester<\/strong> in 1974.\u00a0 The name is documented in 1640, when it marked the end of the farmland and settlements of Mellor and the start of the common land of the moors to the east.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOORGATE<\/strong> is a residential area north of Stalybridge <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1831 and literally means \u2018gate<\/em>way to the moors<\/em>\u2019, referring to its location close to the moors<\/em> of the Derbyshire<\/strong> Peak District<\/strong> to the east.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOORSIDE\u00a0<\/strong>is a suburb of north-east Oldham<\/strong>, close to the moors of Saddleworth<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1843 as Moor Side<\/em>, literally meaning \u2018beside<\/em> the moors<\/em>\u2019 of the west Pennines<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MORRIS GREEN<\/strong> is a residential area south of Daubhill<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is said to be an eponym meaning \u2018the bleaching green belonging to someone named Morris\u2019.<\/em>\u00a0 This refers to the practice of laying newly-made cloth out on a grass plot to be bleached by the sun.\u00a0 The Oxford English Dictionary<\/em> records the first use of green<\/em> with this meaning in 1738.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MORTIN BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Etherow<\/strong> that rises north of Compstall<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport <\/strong>and flows south-east for about 3.2 kilometres through Mortin Clough (Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>, \u2018a steep-sided valley\u2019) to join the Etherow.\u00a0 Mortin<\/em> is probably a personal name and was recorded as both Mortin<\/em> and Martin<\/em> on maps from the early 19th<\/sup> century but the spelling was later standardised as Mortin.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSES GATE<\/strong> is a residential area of Farnworth<\/strong> in the Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, about 4 kilometres south of Bolton town centre and 17.5 kilometres north-west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Moss Gate<\/em> in 1818 but is probably mediaeval in origin, deriving from Old English mos<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a bog or swamp\u2019) + Old Norse gata<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a road, a street\u2019).\u00a0 The original meaning would have been \u2018the road across the swamp\u2019, but was rationalised to Moses, despite having nothing to do with the Old Testament character.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSLEY COMMON <\/strong>is a residential area of Tyldesley<\/strong> in the east of the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1301 as Mosseld Yard<\/em>, meaning \u2018the woodland clearing near a swamp\u2019, from Old English mos <\/em>(\u2018marsh, swamp\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018wood, clearing\u2019).\u00a0 The use of yard<\/em> at this early date would probably be from Old English geard<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018an enclosure; a court-yard\u2019).\u00a0 The use of common<\/em> rather than yard<\/em> is found in 1747, when Mosley Common was said to be 14 hectares in area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSS BANK PARK<\/strong> is an 85-hectare public park in Bolton <\/strong>opened to the public in 1928.\u00a0 The site was formerly an estate belonging to Peter Ainsworth, a bleacher from Halliwe<\/strong>ll.\u00a0 The estate included a country house, Halliwell Hall, and fields which were used for the sun-bleaching of newly-made cloth.\u00a0 Moss Bank is a common name in the north-west, deriving from the Old English mos<\/em> (\u2018marsh, swamp\u2019) + banke<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018slope of a hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSSBROW <\/strong>is a hamlet south of Partington<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but seems to come from Moss Brow<\/em> farm, situated on the brow<\/em> or higher part of Moss Lane, which was covered with moss<\/em>.\u00a0 Some of the buildings date from the 16th<\/sup> century but it is unclear when the name came into use.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSS GATE <\/strong>is a residential area of Shaw <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, lying south of Moss Gate, a 253-metre hill in the west Pennines<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from what is now called Moss Gate<\/em> Road, which connects Rushcroft<\/strong> and Jubilee<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1847, when a Methodist church was opened on Moss Gate Road, but the derivation – Old English mos<\/em> (\u2018marsh, swamp) + Old Norse gata<\/em> (\u2018road\u2019) \u2013 suggests that it is probably much older.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSS HEY <\/strong>is a residential area of Shaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, west of the River Beal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1789, when Moss Hey<\/em> cotton mill was constructed.\u00a0 The name means \u2018enclosed area of swampy land\u2019, from Old English mos<\/em> (\u2018marsh, swamp\u2019) + h\u00e6g <\/em>meaning \u2018enclosure, hedged enclosure\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSSLEY<\/strong> is a town beside the River Tame<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, about 15 kilometres east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 It was formerly divided between Lancashire<\/strong>, Cheshire <\/strong>and the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong>, but in 1889 it was allocated wholly to Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 In 1974 it was included in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 By the start of the 19th<\/sup> century, the town was divided between Top Mossley (also known as Brookbottom<\/strong>) and Bottom Mossley (also known as Bottoms<\/strong>).\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1319 as Moselegh<\/em> and with its modern spelling from 1422.\u00a0 It means \u2018woodland clearing near a swamp\u2019, from Old English mos <\/em>(\u2018marsh, swamp\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018wood, clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSS NOOK <\/strong>is a residential part of Wythenshawe<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong> about 14.5 kilometres south of the city centre.\u00a0 Until 1931 it was a rural part of Northen Etchells<\/strong> in Cheshire<\/strong> known for its market gardening, but it underwent urban development after the Second World War.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 12th<\/sup> century as Moseknok<\/em>, meaning \u2018corner of marshy land\u2019, from Middle English mos <\/em>(\u2018bog, swamp, marsh\u2019) + nok<\/em> (\u2018corner of land\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSS PARK GARDENS <\/strong>is a small public space in Timperley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area is referred to in 1765 as a \u2018parcel of moss ground\u2019, from the old English mos<\/em> meaning \u2018marsh, swamp\u2019.\u00a0 By the 1830s it seems to have been drained as it is recorded as a farm and orchard.\u00a0 The land was sold to Altrincham<\/strong> Borough Council in 1940 and laid out as a small park in 1974.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSS SIDE<\/strong> is a residential area of Manchester<\/strong>, south of the city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1530 as Mossyde<\/em> and with its modern two-word spelling in 1594, meaning \u2018beside or edge of the swamp\u2019, from Old English mos <\/em>(\u2018marsh, swamp\u2019) + side <\/em>(\u2018beside\u2019).\u00a0 The name describes the pre-industrial landscape of much of Manchester which shocked Daniel Defoe in about 1725:\u00a0 \u2018The nature of these mosses, for we found there are many of them in this country \u2026 at a distance, looks black and dirty, and is indeed frightful to think of\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSS SLACK BROOK <\/strong>rises near Windy Hill<\/strong> on the border between the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and Calderdale in West Yorkshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It flows south-east to join Longden End Brook<\/strong>, which eventually empties into Hollingworth Lake<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name comes from Moss Slack<\/em>, the moorland area where it rises, which means\u2019 boggy hill slope\u2019, from Old English mos<\/em>, meaning \u2018marsh, bog\u2019 + Old Norse slakki<\/em>, \u2018a small shallow valley or hollow\u2019, perhaps with the idea that the slope slackens and becomes less steep.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSTON <\/strong>is suburb of Manchester<\/strong> lying about 5 kilometres north-east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name Moston<\/em> was first recorded in 1195 and is derived from Old English mos<\/em>, meaning \u2018bog or swamp\u2019+ t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>, \u2019settlement or farm\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOSTON BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irk<\/strong> which is formed through the confluence of Hole Bottom Brook<\/strong> and Bower Brook<\/strong> in Failsworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It then flows south-west for about 6 kilometres to empty into the Irk near Smedley<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is derived from Old English mos<\/em>, meaning \u2018bog or swamp\u2019+ t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>, \u2019settlement or farm\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOTTRAM IN LONGDENDALE <\/strong>is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, although part of Cheshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1211 as Mottrum <\/em>and in 1308 as Mottram in Longedenedale<\/em>.\u00a0 Mottram<\/em> is usually said to mean \u2018place of the speakers\u2019 or \u2018place where meetings are held\u2019, from the Old English m<\/em>\u014dtere <\/em>(\u2018speaker at an assembly\u2019) or m<\/em>\u014dt<\/em> (\u2018meeting, assembly of people\u2019) + r<\/em>\u016bm<\/em> (\u2018room, space\u2019).\u00a0 Another possibility is that Mottram<\/em> comes from the Celtic moch<\/em> (\u2018pigs\u2019) + tref<\/em> (\u2018homestead, village\u2019).\u00a0 Longdendale<\/strong> was added to distinguish it from Mottram St Andrew in Cheshire, and refers to the long valley of the River Etherow<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

MUDD <\/strong>or The MUDD <\/strong>is a hamlet in Mottram in Longdendale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1845 but it is evident that there has been a settlement since mediaeval times.\u00a0 The name literally means \u2018mud\u2019, from the Old English mudde.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MUMPS<\/strong> is an area of Oldham<\/strong> which is said to take its name from the 17th<\/sup>-century slang term mumper<\/em>, meaning \u2018a genteel beggar\u2019.\u00a0 The name seems to have been standardised by a station originally built by the Manchester & Leeds Railway in July 1856 and perpetuated by a Metrolink tram stop named Oldham Mumps, which re-opened in 2014.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MYTHAM <\/strong>is a residential area in Little Lever<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong> that also gives its name to Mytham Park.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but Mytham Farm is recorded in 1805.\u00a0 The name comes from the Old English gem\u0233thu<\/em> + h<\/em>\u0101m<\/em>, meaning \u2018village at the confluence of streams or rivers\u2019, referring to confluence of the Croal<\/strong> and Irwell <\/strong>south-west of Little Lever.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

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N<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NADEN BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises above Norden<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and flows southwards through Simpson Clough<\/strong> to join the Roch in Heywood<\/strong>.\u00a0 Naden Brook is recorded as Nauedenbrok<\/em> in the 13th<\/sup> century and means \u2018meandering valley stream\u2019, from Old English n<\/em>\u00e6dre<\/em> (\u2018adder-like, meandering\u2019) + denu<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019) + br\u014dc<\/em> (\u2018stream\u2019).\u00a0 The valley and the brook gave their name to settlements called Naden on the hillside above.\u00a0 Naden Brook feeds the three Naden Reservoirs \u2013 Lower Haden, Middle Naden and Higher Naden \u2013 which were constructed in 1846 north of what is now Greenbooth Reservoir<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NAILER\u2019S GREEN <\/strong>or NAILER\u2019S FIELD <\/strong>is the former name of the village of Greenmount<\/strong> in Tottington<\/strong> in the north of the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name was taken from a pub called the Nailer\u2019s<\/em>, but the pub was demolished and a local community group campaigned for the village to be renamed.\u00a0 A sign with the new name was unveiled in 2016.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NANGREAVE<\/strong> was an area of Stockport<\/strong> south-east of the town centre which once gave its name to a farm.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1281 as Knavenegreue<\/em>, meaning \u2018the grove (Old English gr<\/em>\u01e3fe<\/em>) of the knaves or young people (cnafa<\/em>)\u2019.\u00a0 The name is still found in a prominent road in Heaviley<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NAN HOLES BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong> that rises east of Ashton-in-Makerfield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and flows east\/south-east to Hey Brook<\/strong>, which then joins Pennington Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is a forename eponym that appears on Ordnance Survey maps at the turn of the 20th<\/sup> century and probably means \u2018the stream flowing from or through hollows<\/em> belonging to someone called Anne<\/em> or Agne<\/em>s\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NARROW GATE BROW <\/strong>is a hamlet north-west of Shaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is mentioned in 1804, when John Cowper of Narrow Gate Brow was transported for possessing forged bank notes, but probably dates from a much earlier time.\u00a0 The name suggests a narrow (Old English nearu<\/em>, Middle English narwe<\/em>) road (Old Norse gata<\/em>) at the top of a hill (Old English bru<\/em>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NAVIGATION ROAD <\/strong>is a street in Altrincham<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>, and also a station, originally opened in 1931, that serves both Northern Rail trains and Metrolink trams.\u00a0 The name refers to the nearby Bridgewater Canal<\/strong>, which was originally referred to as a \u2018navigation\u2019.\u00a0\u00a0 A navigation<\/em> is a river that has been straightened and dredged to make it navigable, rather than a totally artificial canal.\u00a0 The word in this sense dates from 1720, and the Mersey & Irwell Navigation<\/strong> Act of 1720 was one of the very first uses.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEAR BARROWSHAW\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> BARROWSHAW<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEAR WAIN STONES\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> WAIN STONES<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NETHER LEES\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> LEES<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEWALL GREEN <\/strong>is a district in Wythenshawe<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>, south of the city centre.\u00a0 The name is taken from Newall Green<\/em> Farm, which is thought to go back at least as far as the 16th<\/sup> century and which still exists today, although much of the farmland has been used for residential development since 1937.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1841 as New Hall Green<\/em> but the current spelling is found from 1842.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>It comes from the Old English n\u012bwe<\/em> + halh<\/em>, meaning \u2018new nook of land or new piece of dry ground\u2019, perhaps referring to a newly-drained piece of land in an area with many streams.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW BAILEY <\/strong>was originally a prison in Salford<\/strong>, the largest in England at the time, built in 1787-1790 to the designs of John Howard (1726-1790), after whom the Howard League for Prison Reform is named.\u00a0 The jail was paid for by Thomas Butterworth Bayley<\/em> (1744-1802), the High Sheriff of Lancashire, and named \u2018New Bailey\u2019 to distinguish it from the Old Bailey in London.\u00a0 The prison was closed in 1868 when the new Strangeways<\/strong> prison was opened.\u00a0 A bridge with the same name was built over the River Irwell<\/strong> in 1783-1785, but this too was demolished and replaced by the Albert Bridge <\/strong>in 1843-1844.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW BARNS <\/strong>was located in Weaste <\/strong>in the City of Salford<\/strong> on a site now occupied by MediaCityUK<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was notable as the location of Manchester Racecourse until its closure in 1963.\u00a0 The name appears on a 1786 map of Lancashire<\/strong> and is probably quite literal, referring to new barns<\/em> built for Hulme <\/strong>Hall or another local estate.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW BARRACKS<\/strong> is a residential estate built by Salford <\/strong>Corporation in 1900-1904.\u00a0 It takes its name from the Salford Infantry Barracks<\/em>, built in 1819 and closed down in 1896.\u00a0 The land was then purchased by Salford Corporation and transformed into one of the first housing estates in what is now Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 Coronation Street<\/strong> was one of the streets on the estate.\u00a0 See also <\/em>BARRACK PARK<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEWBOLD <\/strong>is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1200 as Neubolt<\/em>, but the modern spelling is found by about 1300.\u00a0 It means \u2018new building\u2019 from Old English n\u012bwe <\/em>(\u2018new\u2019) + bold<\/em> (\u2018building; dwelling\u2019), but it is uncertain what buildings are referred to.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW CROSS <\/strong>is a residential and commercial area in the City of Manchester<\/strong> north-east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name is found from the late 18th<\/sup> century and, while there was what was probably a market cross<\/em> there by 1807, it seems more likely that it comes from its position around a major crossroads<\/em>.\u00a0 The four roads that meet here are Oldham Street (probably named after Adam Oldham, a local hat and felt-maker), Oldham <\/strong>Road (originally called Newton Lane because it leads to what is now Newton Heath<\/strong>), Great Ancoats <\/strong>Street, and Swan Street (originally named New Cross Street by 1781 but renamed by 1806).\u00a0 The name tended to fall out of use in the 1960s but has recently been revived for a regeneration area as part of the Victoria North<\/strong> new town project.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW DELPH \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> DELPH<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW EARTH<\/strong> is a residential and commercial area of Oldham <\/strong>beside New Earth Street and south-east of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is Biblical and refers to the ending of the world:\u00a0 \u2018we are looking forward to a new heaven and a new earth<\/em>, where righteousness dwells\u2019 (2 Peter 3: 13).\u00a0 The name seems to date from the 19th<\/sup> century and was probably given by the Moravian church, who were established in Oldham in 1824 and named nearby Salem<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEWHEY <\/strong>is a suburban village near Milnrow<\/strong> in the Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It seems to have developed from the enclosure of surrounding moorland and this is reflected in the \u2018new\u2019 part of its name, which was first recorded in 1828.\u00a0 The second element, hey<\/em>, is older, probably from the Old English h\u00e6g<\/em>, meaning \u2018fence or enclosure\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW ISLINGTON<\/strong>\u00a0is an inner-city area of Ancoats<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong> that has recently undergone regeneration.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the late 18th<\/sup> century, and in the 19th<\/sup> century it was applied both to a street and a cotton mill dating from 1788.\u00a0 The name was originally a move to gentrify the area by adopting the name of the fashionable London district of Islington<\/em>, but in the 19th<\/sup> century the area acquired a reputation that was far from fashionable and the name fell out of use.\u00a0 Nevertheless, residents of the newly-regenerated area chose to resurrect the name after the millennium.\u00a0 Islington in London is a mediaeval eponymic name meaning \u2018hill of a man called G\u012bsla<\/em>\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW JACKSON<\/strong> is a regeneration area in central Manchester<\/strong> and Hulme <\/strong>described by the developers as a \u2018new community\u2019 or a \u2018skyscraper district\u2019.\u00a0 The \u2018new\u2019 name is recorded in 2024 but dates back to a farm in the 16th or 17th<\/sup> centuries or even earlier.\u00a0 \u2018Mr Jackson\u2019s<\/em> Farm\u2019 appears on a map of 1831 but the urbanisation and industrialisation of the area were already under way by that date:\u00a0 Jackson\u2019s grain warehouse was built in 1836 and a police station was built on Jackson Street (later renamed Great Jackson Street) in 1843.\u00a0\u00a0 The regeneration project was initially known as the Great Jackson Street scheme, but this morphed into \u2018New Jackson\u2019 once the project had been approved and is now part of what is sometimes called Manc-hattan<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW MANCHESTER <\/strong>is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It dates from the early 19th<\/sup> century, when miners moved here from Manchester<\/strong> to work in the Duke of Bridgewater’s<\/strong> collieries and transferred the names of the streets from the City of Manchester to the village.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW MOSTON\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> MOSTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW SIRS <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> OLD SIRS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW SPRINGS <\/strong>is a suburb in Wigan<\/strong>, north-east of the town centre, with a housing estate built in the 1970s.\u00a0 While some of the buildings may be as old as the 16th<\/sup> century, the name seems to date from the mid-19th<\/sup> century, when a new <\/em>community was established and a Primitive Methodist chapel was opened there in 1868.\u00a0 The name references the area of south-east Wigan known as Springs<\/em>, from the large number of springs and wells in the area.\u00a0\u00a0 The Wigan Branch Railway Act of 1830 authorised the Northern Union Railway\u2019s Springs<\/em> branchline, which connected to the collieries of the area, including Springs Colliery, when it opened in the early 1840s.\u00a0 See also<\/em> SPRING VIEW<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW TAME \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0See<\/em> OLD TAME<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEWTON<\/strong> is the most common place name in England, with at least 87 towns or villages carrying the name.\u00a0 All mean \u2018the new settlement\u2019 from the Old English n\u012bwe<\/em> + t\u016bn.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEWTON, Tameside<\/strong> is an area of Hyde<\/strong> that was formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Neweton <\/em>and with its modern spelling in 1320.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEWTON BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Medlock<\/strong> that rises south-west of Newton Heath<\/strong>, from where it takes its name.\u00a0 It flows south-west through Miles Platting<\/strong> to join Shooters Brook<\/strong> north-east of Ancoats <\/strong>in the City of Manchester.\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEWTON HEATH<\/strong> is a residential area of the City of Manchester<\/strong>, 4.5 kilometres north-east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name Newton<\/em> is recorded in 1322 but much of Newton was absorbed into Miles Platting<\/strong> in the 19th<\/sup> century and the name fell into disuse.\u00a0 The remaining portion was given the name Newton Heath<\/em>, meaning \u2018the heath beside Newton\u2019.\u00a0 The full name Newton Heath dates from 1843 and was standardised by the opening of Newton Heath station by the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway on 1 December 1853.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW WINDSOR\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>WINDSOR<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW YEAR\u2019S BRIDGE RESERVOIR <\/strong>east of Denshaw <\/strong>was built in 1876-83 to supply drinking water for Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is fed by Dowry Water<\/strong> and the water that flows from the southern end of the reservoir forms the starting point of the River Tame<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is evident that the bridge pre-dates both the building of the reservoir and of New Year\u2019s Bridge Mill (which was built in about 1786 and now lies under the waters of the reservoir) by a considerable period.\u00a0 The origin of the name is unclear but it has been suggested that the bridge<\/em> was used as a meeting point, perhaps for the payment of tithes or taxes due on new year\u2019s<\/em> day.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NICO DITCH<\/strong> is a 10-kilometre defensive ditch and fortification between Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> and Stretford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is believed to have been constructed at some time between the 5th<\/sup> and the 11th<\/sup> centuries, and parts can still be seen today.\u00a0 According to legend, it was built in just one night in AD 869-870 to guard against Viking invaders.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1190 as Mykeldiche<\/em>, meaning \u2018large or great ditch\u2019, from the Old English micel <\/em>(\u2018big, great\u2019) + d<\/em>\u012bc<\/em>.\u00a0 Over time, the name became corrupted to \u2018Nico\u2019.\u00a0 It is said that Reddish<\/strong>, meaning \u2018reedy ditch\u2019, refers to Nico Ditch, which at one time formed the northern border of the settlement.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NIMBLE NOOK<\/strong> is a residential area south-west of Chadderton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1825 but is probably much older.\u00a0 Middle English nok<\/em> means \u2018a triangular plot of land\u2019, but the derivation and meaning of Nimble<\/em> are unclear.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NOB END<\/strong>\u00a0is a 9-hectare nature reserve near Little Lever<\/strong> and Kearsley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1824 as the village of Knob End<\/em>, from the Middle English knob<\/em> or nob<\/em>, meaning \u2018a knoll, round-topped promontory\u2019, and referring to the shape of a nearby small hill some 10 metres high at the confluence of the Rivers Croal<\/strong> and Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 Later in the century, between 1850 and 1870, the site was used as a toxic tip for alkali waste.\u00a0 The name is sometimes considered vulgar and the Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal preferred Prestolee<\/strong> Locks to Nob End Locks.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NOMA <\/strong>is an 8-hectare commercial, residential and recreational redevelopment project in the City of Manchester<\/strong>, north of the city centre, close to Victoria Station<\/strong> and the River Irk<\/strong>, and including Angel Meadows<\/strong>.\u00a0 NOMA is a portmanteau word created in 2011 from NO<\/em>rth MA<\/em>nchester and was inspired by the SOMA (SOuth of MArket) development in San Francisco.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NOOK <\/strong>is a residential area of Shaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are several places in Greater Manchester<\/strong> with nook<\/em> as one element of their name, all derived from Middle English n<\/em>\u014dk<\/em> (\u2018nook of land; triangular plot\u2019).\u00a0 Nook in Shaw is unique in that it is a singleton \u2013 there is no preceding element to give further definition.\u00a0 It is recorded on a map of 1786 as a few buildings at a road junction east of Shaw.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORBURY <\/strong>is a district and former mining village in Hazel Grove<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> which was formerly included in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Nordberie<\/em>, from the Old English nord<\/em>, meaning \u2018north\u2019 and burh<\/em>, meaning \u2018settlement\u2019.\u00a0 The southern equivalent would be Sudbury.\u00a0 Sudbury in Derbyshire<\/strong> is about 80 kilometres south-east of Norbury and is also mentioned in the Domesday Book.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORDEN<\/strong> is a village on the western edge of the town of Rochdale<\/strong> on the north bank of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is said to be recent but its origin is uncertain.\u00a0 One suggestion is that it is a corruption of Naden<\/strong>, from Old English Old English n<\/em>\u00e6dre<\/em> (\u2018adder-like, meandering\u2019) + denu<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019), as Naden Brook<\/strong> rises nearby.\u00a0 More plausibly, it describes its location and means \u2018northern valley\u2019, deriving from the Old English north<\/em> + denu<\/em>.\u00a0 On the opposite bank lies Sudden<\/strong>, meaning \u2018southern valley\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORDEN ETCHELLS <\/strong>or NORTHERN ETCHELLS\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>ETCHELLS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORLEY <\/strong>is a residential area west of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1293 as Nortlegh<\/em> and means \u2018northern clearing\u2019, from the Old English north<\/em> + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018wood, clearing\u2019).\u00a0\u00a0 The Norley estate was built in the late 1940s and 1950s on the site of Norley Colliery, which occupied much of what had been Norley Hall, a mediaeval country house owned by the Le Norrey family.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORMAN HILL RESERVOIR <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> is one of the chain of six reservoirs – Ogden<\/strong><\/a>, Kitcliffe<\/strong><\/a>, Piethorne<\/strong><\/a>, Hanging Lees<\/strong><\/a>, Rooden<\/strong><\/a> and Norman Hill<\/strong><\/a> \u2013 built in the Piethorne Valley in 1858-66 to supply water to Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The reservoir takes its name from nearby Norman Hill,<\/em> first recorded on the Ordnance Survey maps of the area in the 1850s.\u00a0 The name seems to be an example of the forename eponyms which are common in the area \u2013 Dick Hill<\/strong>, Ben Heys and Nicholas Pike are all found in this part of Rochdale.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORRIS BANK <\/strong>and NORRIS Hill<\/strong> are residential areas to the west of Heaton Norris <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 Norris Bank takes its name from a house with that name built in about 1840, and the urban development that took place around it later in the 19th<\/sup> century led to the creation of Norris Bank parish in 1899.\u00a0 The Norris element is taken from nearby Heaton Norris<\/em>, which is named after the 12th<\/sup> century Norman landowner, William le Norreys<\/em>.\u00a0 The bank<\/em> refers to the slope down to the River Mersey<\/strong>, which lies to the south of the Heatons.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORTH BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> which rises on Rocher <\/strong>Moss in the Peak District <\/strong>National Park in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows south-west through North Clough to meet South Brook<\/strong> and then join Diggle <\/strong>Brook, which then joins the Tame near Diggle.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1468 as Northclogh-hede<\/em>, meaning \u2018the top or head<\/em> (Old English heafod<\/em>) of the north (Old English nord<\/em>) ravine (cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORTHENDEN<\/strong> is a southern suburb of the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was formerly in Cheshire<\/strong> and lies on the southern banks of the River Mersey<\/strong>, which was the traditional border between Lancashire<\/strong> and Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Northenden was mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see Appendix 1) as Norwordine, <\/em>and was recorded simply as Northern <\/em>as late as 1577.\u00a0 The name comes from the Old English north<\/em> + worthign<\/em>, meaning \u2018northern enclosed settlement\u2019.\u00a0 The Stockport Timperley & Altrincham Junction Railway opened Northenden station in February 1866 and the railway, together with the development of housing estates following its absorption by the City of Manchester in 1931, saw the area develop from a rural into a suburban community.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORTHERN MOOR<\/strong>\u00a0is a residential area of the City of Manchester<\/strong>, approximately 8 kilometres south of the city centre.\u00a0 It was previously in Cheshire <\/strong>and seen as part of Northenden<\/strong>, which lies to the east.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but was formerly spelled \u2018Northen Moor\u2019, meaning \u2018the moor of Northenden<\/em>\u2019, but over time the name was rationalised to \u2018Northern\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORTHERN QUARTER <\/strong>is an entertainment and commercial area of Manchester<\/strong> city centre north<\/em> of Piccadilly Gardens <\/strong>in the area formerly occupied by Smithfield Market.\u00a0 <\/strong>The name was given in the 1990s by local people to identify the vibrant cultural lifestyle and nightlife of the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORTH MOOR <\/strong>or NORTHMOOR<\/strong> is a south-western suburb of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1868, when the North Moor Wesleyan Church was opened, although it is known that the North Moor Primitive Methodist Society had meetings in a cellar for several years previously.\u00a0 The residents of North Moor Road are listed in the 1851 and it may be that North Moor Road led west to Westwood<\/strong>, which is built on a hillside known as North Moor.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORTH REDDISH \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0See<\/em> REDDISH<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORTHUMBRIA<\/strong> was one of the seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England, and included all of what is now Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 10th<\/sup>-century Anglo Saxon Chronicle<\/em>, which states that \u2018In this year (AD 923), in late autumn, King Edward the Elder (son of Alfred the Great) went \u2026 to occupy Manchester<\/strong> in Northumbria, and had it repaired and garrisoned\u2019.\u00a0 The name means \u2018north<\/em> of the Humber\u2019<\/em> \u2013 the River Humber was the boundary in the east but in the west the River Mersey<\/strong> marked the boundary between Mercia<\/strong> and Northumbria.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NUTHURST<\/strong> was a mediaeval hamlet near Moston<\/strong> in what is now north Manchester<\/strong>, north-east of the city centre.\u00a0 Great Nuthurst <\/em>Hall is recorded in 1200 and the name means \u2018hill with nut trees\u2019, perhaps hazelnuts or sweet chestnuts, from Old English knutu<\/em> (\u2018nut\u2019) + hyrst<\/em> (\u2018wooded hill\u2019).\u00a0 The name survives in Nuthurst Park, which was opened in 1915.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NUTSFORD VALE <\/strong>today is a country park in east Manchester<\/strong> close to Gorton<\/strong>, Levenshulme<\/strong> and Longsight<\/strong>.\u00a0 Early in the 19th<\/sup> century it was a farm spelled Knutsford Vale but later in the century various factories were built and the spelling became Nutsford Vale.\u00a0 By the 1980s it had become a landfill site, which was transformed into a country park by 2017.\u00a0 The name is clearly linked to Knutsford<\/em> in Cheshire<\/strong> in some way, although the modern spelling somewhat obscures this.\u00a0 Knutsford is an eponym derived from the Viking personal name Knut<\/em> + Old English ford<\/em>.\u00a0 It is sometimes said that Knut was King Canute, but this is probably folk etymology.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NUTTALL PARK <\/strong>is a 10.7-hectare park on the River Irwell<\/strong> close to Ramsbottom<\/strong> town centre in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the former village of Nuttall<\/em>, which is recorded in 1256 as Noteho<\/em>, meaning \u2018bare or nut hill\u2019, from the Old English hnott<\/em> (\u2018bare, bald\u2019) or hnutu<\/em> (\u2018nut\u2019) + h\u014dh<\/em> (\u2018heel; spur of land\u2019), referring to a hill to the west of the Irwell on which the village stood.\u00a0 The original Nuttall Hall was built in the 14th<\/sup> century by the De Notogh family.\u00a0 A new hall was built in 1817 and demolished in 1908, but its grounds were opened in 1928 as Nuttall Park.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
O<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OAKENBOTTOM <\/strong>is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1246 as Akinbothun<\/em>, meaning \u2018oaks in the valley bottom\u2019, from Old English acen<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018oaken: growing with oak-trees\u2019) + botm<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a broad river-valley\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OAKEN LEE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises on Oaken Hill north of Castleshaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows west and then south-west through Oaken Lee Clough into Castleshaw Upper Reservoir.\u00a0 Oaken Hill<\/em> is recorded in 1750 and Oaken Lee Brook means \u2018the stream (Old English br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em>) that flows through the wood or glade (l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em>) covered with oak trees (\u0101cen<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OAK MEADOW PARK <\/strong>is a small park in the centre of Cheadle Hulme<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It stands on the site of a Victorian residence, Oak Cottage<\/em>, which took its name from a large tree in the garden.\u00a0 Oak Cottage had been demolished by 1937 and Oak Meadow Park was laid out on the site, apparently still with the original large oak tree.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OCHRE FLASH <\/strong>is one of the seven subsidence lakes or \u2018flashes\u2019 of Wigan Flashes Nature Reserve<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is located south-east of Hindley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and was created by mining subsidence early in the 20th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name is recorded on Ordnance Survey maps of 1954 but it is likely that the lake was known locally as Ochre or Ochery Flash before that date.\u00a0 The name refers to the ochre<\/em>-coloured water from iron-stained water from mines and chemical works in the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OCHRELEY BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Goyt<\/strong> that rises in Torkington<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport <\/strong>and flows south through Offerton<\/strong> to join the Goyt near Marple Bridge<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name seems to be a corruption of Hockley<\/em>, a name that is found as an area of Poynton in Cheshire<\/strong> and as a farm near the brook.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century and means \u2018the clearing on or near a hill\u2019, from Old English hocer<\/em> (\u2018rounded hill\u2019) + l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OCTAGON THEATRE<\/strong> is a theatre in Bolton<\/strong> that opened in 1967.\u00a0 The auditorium is actually hexagonal, but there was already a theatre in Reading called \u2018The Hexagon\u2019 and so the new Bolton theatre was named \u2018The Octagon<\/em>\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OFFERTON<\/strong> is a south-eastern suburb of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> that was in Cheshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 There are several places in England named Offerton, but the first record of Offerton<\/em> in Cheshire dates from 1226 as Offirtun<\/em>.\u00a0 The name is said to be an eponym consisting of a personal name such as Offa<\/em> or Oftf\u014dr <\/em>+ t\u016bn<\/em>, meaning \u2018farmstead or village\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OGDEN<\/strong> is a hamlet in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> that is divided between Higher Ogden and Lower Ogden.\u00a0 It also gives its name to Ogden Reservoir \u2013 one of the chain of six reservoirs (Ogden<\/strong><\/a>, Kitcliffe<\/strong><\/a>, Piethorne<\/strong><\/a>, Hanging Lees<\/strong><\/a>, Rooden<\/strong><\/a> and Norman Hill<\/strong><\/a>) in the Piethorne Valley – which was built in 1878 to supply drinking water to Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1246 as Akeden<\/em>, meaning \u2018oak valley\u2019 from the Old English \u0101c<\/em>, meaning \u2018oak\u2019 + denu<\/em>, \u2018valley\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OGDEN BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Etherow<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises on the moors of the Peak District<\/strong> National Park and flows south and south west, forming the border between Tameside<\/strong> and High Peak for much of its length before joining the Etherow in Broadbottom<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside.\u00a0 The name appears on maps of the early 19th<\/sup> century but its derivation suggests that it is probably much older \u2013 Old English English \u0101c<\/em>, meaning \u2018oak\u2019 + denu<\/em>, \u2018valley\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OLD BIRTLE\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>BIRTLE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OLD EES BROOK <\/strong>or OLD EEA BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong> that rises south of Urmston<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford <\/strong>and flows south-west for several kilometres to join the Mersey south-east of Flixton<\/strong>. \u00a0Ees <\/em>is a local word for a water meadow derived from the Old English \u0113g<\/em>, meaning \u2018island\u2019, often a piece of firm land in an area liable to flooding.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OLDFIELD BROW<\/strong> is a residential area on the western edge of Altrincham<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The original village of Oldfield is recorded in about 1293 as Aldefeld<\/em> and means \u2018the old open-field’, from Old English ald <\/em>(\u2018ancient, long-used\u2019) + feld<\/em> (\u2018open country; land cleared of trees\u2019).\u00a0 \u00a0The name is later found in Oldfield<\/em> Hall, which was built in 1616 and some of the land in which it stood was donated to Altrincham Council in 1917 as John Leigh Park<\/strong>.\u00a0 In the 1920s, the Oldfield Brow estate was built in the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OLDHAM <\/strong>is a town and, since 1974, one of the ten metropolitan boroughs of Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was formerly part of Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Its name is first recorded in about 1227 as Aldholm<\/em>, meaning \u2018old promontory\u2019, from Old English ald<\/em>, meaning \u2018old\u2019 + Old Norse holmr<\/em>, \u2018dry land, promontory\u2019.\u00a0 \u2018Old\u2019 may refer to an older settlement or may mean that the site had been occupied for a long time.\u00a0 Suggestions that Oldham was named because of the local presence of owls<\/em> are folk etymology, although owls have become the town\u2019s symbol and feature in its coat of arms.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OLD MILL BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong> that rises north of Tyldesley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan <\/strong>and flows south-west to join Shakerley<\/strong> Brook, another tributary of Glaze Brook.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1845-46 and comes from Shakerley Corn Mill, an early 17th<\/sup>-century mill built for Shakerley Old Hall, which took its power from Old Mill Brook.\u00a0 It was converted into a carding and spinning shed in the early 19th<\/sup> century<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OLD SIRS <\/strong>and NEW SIRS <\/strong>are residential and recreational areas of Westhoughton <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The names are said to derive from the family name of John and Richard de Sire<\/em>, who were recorded as being resident in the area in 1332.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OLD TAME <\/strong>is a hamlet south-west of Denshaw<\/strong> to the west of the River Tame<\/strong>, from which it takes its name.\u00a0 Both Old Tame and New tame, a smaller settlement on the eastern side of the Tame<\/em> valley, were originally outlying estates of Roche Abbey.\u00a0 The names are recorded in 1729 but probably date from much earlier.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OLD TRAFFORD<\/strong>\u00a0is a district of the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> which lends its name to Lancashire County Cricket Club\u2019s ground (opened in 1857) and Manchester United\u2019s football stadium, which was opened in 1910.\u00a0 The name Trafford<\/em> is first recorded in 1786 and is a variation of the neighbouring Stretford<\/strong>, both meaning \u2018ford over the Roman road\u2019, from str\u01e3t<\/em>, \u2018street, especially a Roman road\u2019, + ford<\/em>, \u2018ford\u2019 across the River Mersey<\/strong>.<\/em>\u00a0 The \u2018old\u2019 part of the name is thought to refer to the older of the two Trafford Halls.\u00a0 The original or Old Hall is believed to have been built in about 1017, but was replaced by the New Hall in the last quarter of the 17th century or the first quarter of the 18th<\/sup>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OLIVER CLOUGH <\/strong>is a small valley in Boggart Hole Clough<\/strong> country park in Blackley<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is a forename eponym, said to be named after Oliver<\/em> Cromwell<\/strong> (1599-1658), whose Parliamentarian troops camped in the area during the siege of Manchester in 1643 in the Civil War.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OOZEWOOD <\/strong>is a residential area of Royton<\/strong> north of the River Irk<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The place and name are not well documented, although nearby Oozewood Clough and lower Oozewood Farm suggest a mediaeval origin.\u00a0 One possible origin is Old English waesse<\/em>, meaning \u2018riverside land liable to flood\u2019.\u00a0 Alternatively, Oozewood might share its origin with Oozebooth in Blackburn, which is thought to derive from the Viking personal name, Ulf<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OPENSHAW <\/strong>is a suburb of the City of Manchester<\/strong>, about 5 kilometres east of the city centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1276 as Openshawe<\/em>, meaning \u2018open wood\u2019, i.e. one that is not enclosed, referring to a park belonging to the Lord of Manchester, Robert Grelley.\u00a0 It is composed of the Old English open<\/em>, meaning \u2018open or unenclosed\u2019 + sceaga<\/em>, \u2018wood, copse\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OPENSHAW PARK<\/strong> is a public park of about 5 hectares in Pimhole<\/strong>, outside Bury<\/strong> town centre.\u00a0 <\/strong>The park was established with land and funds donated by Thomas Openshaw,<\/em> a local wool manufacturer, and named after him.\u00a0 The park was opened in July 1888 by the Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII), who also held the title Duke of Clarence.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ORDSALL <\/strong>is a suburb of the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1177 as Ordeshala<\/em>, meaning \u2018Ord\u2019s or Ordric\u2019s nook\u2019.\u00a0 Ord<\/em> is a personal name and the second element is –halh<\/em>, meaning \u2018a corner or nook\u2019.\u00a0 This comes from the position of Ordsall within a large bend in the River Irwell<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ORLANDO BRIDGE<\/strong> is a road viaduct that carries Orlando Street across the railway in Bolton<\/strong> town centre close to the station.\u00a0 The bridge was originally built by the Manchester & Bolton Railway in 1838 and both street and bridge were named after Sir Orlando<\/em> Bridgeman, a 17th<\/sup>-century lawyer from nearby Great Lever<\/strong>.\u00a0 The bridge was rebuilt in 2016.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ORRELL<\/strong> is a suburb of Wigan<\/strong>, sometimes known as Orrell-in-Makerfield<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1202 as Horhill <\/em>but Orell<\/em> is found before the end of the 13th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Orrell means \u2018ore hill\u2019 from Old English \u014dra<\/em> + hyll<\/em>, believed to be a reference to ancient iron ore workings rather than coal mining.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ORRELL POST <\/strong>or ORREL POST <\/strong>is a residential area north of Orrell<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> around a landmark known as the Orrell Post<\/em>, a stone column 3.3 metres tall outside the Stag Inn recorded in 1607.\u00a0\u00a0 The original purpose of the post is uncertain:\u00a0 some people suggest it was a tethering post for Stag Inn patrons, but it is usually said to be turnpike marker stone at or near a crossroads.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OTTERSPOOL BRIDGE<\/strong> is a road bridge that carries the A627 across the River Goyt<\/strong> in Romiley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The bridge was in use by 1606 and in 1611 the name was recorded as Awterspoole<\/em>, literally meaning \u2018pool<\/em> where otters<\/em> are found\u2019, from the Old English oter<\/em> + p<\/em>\u014dl<\/em>.\u00a0 \u00a0A weir to power a cotton mill was built in about 1825-30 but the mill was never built.\u00a0 In 2012 the weir became the site of a small-scale municipal hydro-electricity generator.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OULDER HILL <\/strong>is an area west of Greave<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1860 but probably dates from an earlier period.\u00a0 The name is descriptive and said to come from ouler<\/em> (a dialect word for an alder tree) + hill (Old English hyll<\/em>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OUSEL BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong> that rises south of Stretford<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> and flows west and then north to join Old Ees Brook<\/strong> south of Urmston<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name comes from the Old English osle<\/em>, meaning \u2018a blackbird\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OUTWOOD <\/strong>is district of Radcliffe<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> that also gives its name to Outwood Country Park.\u00a0 The name dates back to around 1200 and was known as Outwood of Pilkington<\/strong>.\u00a0 It means \u2018outlying wood\u2019 or \u2018wood on the outskirts\u2019 and refers to land on the banks of the River Irwell<\/strong>.<\/em>\u00a0 The name is derived from the Old English \u016bt<\/em>, meaning \u2018outside, on the outskirts\u2019 + wudu<\/em>, \u2018wood, coppice\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OVER HULTON<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0See <\/em>HULTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OWENS PARK<\/strong> was a large hall of residence complex in the Fallowfield<\/strong> area south of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 It was built by the University of Manchester in 1964-1965 but shut down in 2021 and demolished in 2024 for redevelopment.\u00a0 It was named after John Owens<\/em> (1790-1846), who was a Manchester merchant and one of the principal donors who founded the university (initially called Owens College) in 1824.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OWLER BARROW <\/strong>or ALDER BARROW <\/strong>is a residential area west of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The place and name are not well documented.\u00a0 The area is said to be post-mediaeval and appears as Alder Barrow<\/em> on 19th<\/sup>-century maps, but the spelling is altered to Owler Barrow<\/em> by the late 19th<\/sup> century and early 20th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 In fact, the spelling change does not alter the meaning as owler<\/em> is a dialect word for an alder-tree.\u00a0 The name, therefore, would mean \u2018alder wood\u2019, from Old English Old English alor<\/em> (\u2018an alder\u2019) + bearu<\/em> (\u2018wood, grove\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OXFORD PARK <\/strong>is a 3-hectare recreation ground in the Guide Bridge<\/strong> area of Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name originates in the late 18th<\/sup> or early 19th<\/sup> century, when Oxford Street was built between the main Stockport<\/strong> Road and the newly-built Ashton Canal.\u00a0 In 1845 Thomas Mason (1782-1868) built the first of his Oxford Mills, which were later run by his son, Hugh Mason (1817-1886).\u00a0 In 1870, Hugh Mason presented the mills\u2019 sports ground to the town.\u00a0 Hugh Mason\u2019s statue was later erected close by in Trafalgar Square<\/strong> and the mills were destroyed by fire in 2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OXFORD ROAD<\/strong> is a main road through Chorlton-on-Medlock<\/strong> from Manchester<\/strong> city centre at St Peter\u2019s Square<\/strong> to Whitworth Park<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally named in 1793-1794, when Chorlton was gentrified and adopted prestigious names such as Oxford<\/em>, Cambridge and Grosvenor<\/strong> for its principal streets.\u00a0 The opening of Oxford Road station by the Manchester South Junction & Altrincham Railway in 1839 and Owens<\/strong> College (now the University of Manchester) in 1873 led to what has become known as the \u2018Oxford Road Corridor\u2019, with educational institutions, hospitals and cultural venues.\u00a0 It is planned to develop this area further as \u2018Corridor Manchester\u2019 by the mid-2020s.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OX RAKE BROW<\/strong> is hill on Saddleworth Moor<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The meaning is probably \u2018the hill (Old English bru<\/em>) on or near the track (Old English hraca<\/em>) over which oxen (oxa<\/em>) were taken\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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P<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PACKER SPOUT GARDENS<\/strong> is a small public park south-west of Rochdale<\/strong> town centre.\u00a0 The gardens were opened in 1934 and laid out round Packer Spout, a fountain in an oval-shaped pool fed by a natural spring (Middle English spoute<\/em>).\u00a0 The spring fed a reservoir built in 1760 which was used to supply water from drinking and also to power a corn mill until it was demolished in 1934.\u00a0 The name is a shortening of packhorse<\/em>, as horses stopped there to drink in earlier times.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PADDEN BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Goyt<\/strong> which runs through Romiley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>. It then joins Chadkirk<\/strong> Brook before emptying into the Goyt.\u00a0 The name is little documented but might come from the Old English patte<\/em>, meaning \u2018mud, marsh\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PADDINGTON<\/strong> is a residential area of Pendleton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is not well documented before 1846, when it was created as a parish.\u00a0 The name would seem to be an example of gentrification \u2013 when a prestigious name of a district of London is adopted in an attempt to elevate the reputation of an area. \u00a0Paddington<\/em> in London is recorded in about 1045 and means \u2018the farm or homestead belonging to Padda<\/em>\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PAINSWICK PARK <\/strong>is a public park in Woodhouse Park<\/strong> in Wythenshawe <\/strong>in southern Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally a farm that was taken over in the late 1950s as a landfill site.\u00a0 In 1962, it was acquired by Manchester Corporation and opened in 1968 as a park with an artificial lake.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but may have been transferred from Painswick<\/em> in Gloucestershire, which is an eponym derived from the personal name Pain<\/em> + wiche<\/em> (\u2018a farm, especially a dairy farm\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PALATINE BRIDGE <\/strong>is a road bridge across the River Irwell<\/strong> between Salford<\/strong> and Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 1864 to provide better access to Victoria Station<\/strong>, which had been opened in 1843.\u00a0 It was sited beside and so took its name from the Palatine<\/em> Hotel and the Palatine<\/em> Buildings, which were named after the County Palatine<\/em> of Lancaster. \u00a0Lancashire was made a county palatine<\/em> in 1351 to indicate that it was administered by the Duke of Lancaster through powers conferred by the palace (Latin palatium<\/em>), i.e. by the monarch.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PANKHURST CENTRE<\/strong> is a museum and women\u2019s centre in Chorlton-on-Medlock<\/strong> in central Manchester<\/strong> commemorating the life and work of Emmeline Pankhurst<\/em> (1858-1928) and the suffragette movement.\u00a0 The centre is housed in a pair of villas in Nelson Street.\u00a0 Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters Sylvia, Christabel and Adela lived in No. 62 from 1898 and established the suffragette movement there in 1903.\u00a0 The centre was opened in 1987.\u00a0 A statue to Emmeline Pankhurst was unveiled in St Peter\u2019s Square<\/strong> in 2018.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PARK BRIDGE <\/strong>is a village north of Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the Park Bridge<\/em> Ironworks, which were established in 1786 and developed as a village in the second quarter of the 19th<\/sup> century as housing was provided for the workers.\u00a0 The name of the company came from nearby Lyme Park<\/em><\/strong> and a bridg<\/em>e over the River Medlock<\/strong> beside the works.\u00a0 The company made rivets for the Eiffel Tower, Sydney Harbour Bridge and the Titanic, but closed in 1963 and the site is now the Park Bridge Heritage Centre.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PARK BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong> that rises east of Ramsbottom<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> and flows west into the Irwell in Nuttall Park<\/strong>, from which it takes its name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PARKFIELD<\/strong> is an area of Middleton<\/strong>, about 9 kilometres north-east of Manchester<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name originated with Parkfield House<\/em>, which was built by a local magistrate, Thomas Ashton, and apparently named to reflect the house\u2019s landscaped grounds.\u00a0 Middleton became a municipal borough in 1886 and it acquired Parkfield House as its town hall in 1925.\u00a0 The house was demolished in 1978.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PARR BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises in Unsworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> and flows north-west to join the Roch at Blackford Bridge<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is found on 19th<\/sup>-century maps but the origin is uncertain:\u00a0 it could come from Old English paerr<\/em> or peru<\/em>, meaning \u2018pear tree\u2019 and suggesting that pears grew locally, or from Old English pearr<\/em>, meaning \u2018an enclosure\u2019, indicating that it was a stream that flowed through or beside enclosed land.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PARR BROW <\/strong>is a small residential area east of Tyldesley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It sits on a slope (Old English bru<\/em>) named for the Parr<\/em> family, who were wealthy landowners and traders who are recorded as living in the area from the 17th<\/sup> century – John Parr died in 1663.\u00a0 Parr Brow gives its name to a railway cutting built in the 1860s by the London & North Western Railway as part of the Tyldesley loopline.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PARR FOLD PARK <\/strong>is a 7.4-hectare public park in Walkden<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears as Parrfold<\/em> Farmhouse in the late 17th<\/sup> or early 18th<\/sup> century and is probably an eponym, but it is not known who the Parr<\/em> was who owned the fold<\/em> \u2013 the name for a small farmstead, many of which later had coal mines.\u00a0 In 1905 Worsley <\/strong>Urban District Council purchased the land on which the farmstead stood and opened it as a public park.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PARRS WOOD<\/strong> is a residential area of East Didsbury<\/strong> in south Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is said to be recorded in 1587 and it would seem to be an eponym, but who the Parr<\/em> was that owned the wood<\/em> is unclear.\u00a0 There were several Parr families in the area but none can be traced as far back as the late 16th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It has even been suggested that they may have been related to Henry VIII\u2019s sixth wife, Catherine Parr (1512-48), but there would seem to be no proof of this.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PARSONAGE GARDENS<\/strong> is a small garden in the centre of Manchester<\/strong> just off Deansgate<\/strong>.\u00a0 The site was originally known as Parsonage Croft and dates from 1635 as the site of the home of the parson of the original St Mary\u2019s Church.\u00a0 A new church was built on the site in 1756 but was demolished in 1891, followed by Parsonage House in 1897.\u00a0 The site then became Parsonage Gardens and has remained a tranquil garden, apart from the detonation of an IRA bomb on 3 December 1992.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PARTINGTON<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> about 16 kilometres south-west of Manchester <\/strong>city centre on the south bank of Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was part of Bowdon<\/strong> parish in Cheshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1260 as Partinton<\/em> and with its modern spelling in 1577.\u00a0 It means the \u2018the farm (-t\u016bn<\/em>) of the people of followers of (-inga-) Pearta<\/em>\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PASSMONDS <\/strong>is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, north-west of the main town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Passmans<\/em> in 1765, Parsmans<\/em> in 1851 and Passmonds<\/em> in 1891, although Parsmans<\/em> remained in use until well into the 20th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name seems to be an eponym and members of a Passman <\/em>family have been traced in the area as far back as 1637.\u00a0 There are several theories about the origin of the family name but as the spelling varies so much there is little agreement and no theory is particularly compelling.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PATRICROFT<\/strong> is a suburb of the City of Salford.<\/strong>\u00a0 Patricroft was a bridging point on the earliest section of the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong> when it was opened on 17 July 1761.\u00a0 It was also a bridging point for the Liverpool & Manchester Railway, which opened in 1830, and Patricroft<\/em> station was opened on 15 September of that year, making it one of the earliest railway stations in the world.\u00a0 It soon developed into an industrial area because of its position by the canal and railway, and also because it had clean air it was felt to be healthier than the centre of industrial Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 Croft<\/em> means \u2018enclosure, enclosed field\u2019, while Patri-<\/em> may be from the Middle English pertre<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018pear-tree\u2019) or, more likely, a version of the personal forename Patrick<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The PEAK DISTRICT <\/strong>is a hilly area mostly in Derbyshire <\/strong>but with parts in Cheshire<\/strong>, Staffordshire, South and West Yorkshire<\/strong> and eastern Great Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is eponymous:\u00a0 the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle <\/em>of the late 9th<\/sup> century refers to the area as the Peaclond<\/em>, meaning the land of the Pecs<\/em>\u00e6tan<\/em> tribe.\u00a0 The tribe\u2019s name means \u2018hill dwellers\u2019, from Old English p<\/em>\u0113ac<\/em> (\u2018peak, pointed hill\u2019) + s<\/em>\u01e3te <\/em>(\u2018dwellers, settlers\u2019).\u00a0 Interestingly, only one of the peaks in the Peak District is actually called a \u2018peak\u2019 \u2013 Calver Peak (Old English calf<\/em> (‘calf’) + ofer<\/em> (\u2018slope, ridge’), meaning \u2018a hillside where calves and cattle are kept\u2019) in Derbyshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Much of the Peak District is in the 1420 square-kilometre Peak District National Park, which was created in 1951 as England\u2019s first national park.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEAR MILL <\/strong>or PEAR NEW MILL<\/strong> is a retail location in Bredbury<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally built as a cotton spinning mill in 1908-1913 and was possibly the last textile mill in Stockport to go into production.\u00a0 It was built beside the River Goyt<\/strong> on the site of Pear Tree Farm,<\/em> from which it takes its name.\u00a0 The name is celebrated by a gigantic concrete pear-shaped dome on the roof.\u00a0 The mill was closed in 1978 and converted into retail outlets.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEARSON\u2019S FLASH <\/strong>is a man-made lake south-west of Ince-in-Makerfield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> that forms one of the seven subsidence \u2018flashes\u2019 of Wigan Flashes Nature Reserve<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was formed on 6 April 1889 when the Leigh <\/strong>branch of the Leeds & Liverpool Canal broke its banks.\u00a0 It takes its name from the local coal-mining and industrial company of Pearson<\/em> & Knowles, which was originally founded in 1840 by Thomas Pearson<\/em> (1824-83), who later became mayor of Wigan.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEEL<\/strong> is a residential area of Worsley<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>, which includes a park, which is not to be confused with Peel Park<\/strong> in Salford.\u00a0 The name is taken from Peel Hall<\/em>, a stately home previously known as Wicheaves Hall.\u00a0 Wicheaves<\/em> is recorded in 1323 and means \u2018the edge of the elm wood\u2019, from Old English wice<\/em> (\u2018wych-elm\u2019) + efes<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018an edge or border, especially of a wood\u2019).\u00a0 Wicheaves Hall was renamed Peel Hall at the end of the 18th<\/sup> century, referring back to a 12th<\/sup> century name, Peel, from the Old English peel<\/em>, \u2018a palisade, a fortified enclosure\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEEL CAUSEWAY<\/strong> was the name for part of what is now Hale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded as Peel Causeway Farm in 1701, although a place named Peel was found in the area in 1462.\u00a0 It is probably derived from the Old English peel<\/em>, \u2018a palisade, a fortified enclosure\u2019, and the causeway<\/em> was part of what is now Ashley Road.\u00a0 The name was standardised as Peel Causeway when the Cheshire Midland Railway opened a station with this name in 1862 but the name of the village was dropped when in was incorporated into Hale in 1900 and the station name was also changed to Hale in 1902.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEEL CENTRE<\/strong> is a retail area close to the centre of Stockport<\/strong> town centre.\u00a0 It was first developed in 1987 and expanded in 2010.\u00a0 It was built by the Peel Group<\/em>, a property company founded in the 1960s by John Whittaker, who came from Bury <\/strong>and was so inspired by Bury-born prime minister Sir Robert Peel<\/em> (1788-1850) that he named the company after him.\u00a0 The company also now own the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEEL GREEN <\/strong>is a residential and recreational area west of Eccles<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 Some sources suggest that Barton Moss<\/strong> railway station, which was opened in 1832, was described as being at Peel Green, but this cannot be verified.\u00a0 However, the name does appear on the first Ordnance Survey map of the area in 1848.\u00a0 It was named in honour of Sir Robert Peel<\/em> (1788-1850), a former prime minister who had promoted the nearby Peel Park<\/strong>, which was opened in 1846.\u00a0 The Green<\/em> refers to the green<\/em> open spaces along Worsley <\/strong>Brook, a tributary of the Mersey <\/strong>which flows through Peel Green.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEEL HALL<\/strong> is a suburb of the City of Manchester<\/strong> on the eastern side of Wythenshawe<\/strong>, about 14.5 kilometres south of Manchester city centre.\u00a0 It takes its name from a mediaeval moated country house originally built in the 14th<\/sup> century by Sir John de Arderne named The Peele<\/em>, from the Middle English peel<\/em>, meaning \u2018a moated and fortified house\u2019.\u00a0 The house was derelict by the 1960s and was demolished.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEEL PARK <\/strong>is a large park in Salford<\/strong> opened in 1846 and named after Sir Robert Peel<\/em> (1788-1850), a former prime minister who did a lot to promote and fund public parks in Victorian England.\u00a0 In 1850, the Salford Museum and Art Gallery was built overlooking the park.\u00a0 In 1896 Salford Royal Technical Institute was opened and this now forms part of the Peel Campus of the University of Salford.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEEL TOWER <\/strong>or PEEL MONUMENT<\/strong> is a 39-metre memorial on Holcombe Hill<\/strong> in Ramsbottom<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 1850-1852 to commemorate Sir Robert Peel<\/em> (1788-1850), a former prime minister and founder of the modern police force, who was born in Bury.\u00a0 There are also places in Australia, Canada and New Zealand named after Peel.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEINE SQUARE <\/strong>is a public space in front of the civic centre in Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 The square is named after the German town of Peine<\/em> in Lower Saxony, with which Heywood has been twinned since 1967.\u00a0 Peine is said to be named after Berthold von Pagin<\/em>, a 12th<\/sup> century knight.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEMBERTON <\/strong>is a suburb of Wigan<\/strong> on the banks of the River Douglas<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1212 as Penberton<\/em>, meaning \u2018barley hill settlement\u2019 from the Celtic penn<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019) or Old English penn<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019) + Old English bere <\/em>(\u2018barley\u2019) + t\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018enclosure, village\u2019).\u00a0 Pemberton is found at the foot of a 95-metre hill named Orrell, which gave its name to the nearby suburb of Orrell<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PENCIL BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Beal <\/strong>that rises in Higher Rushcroft<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>and flows north-east to meet the Beal in Goats<\/strong>.\u00a0 The origin and date of the name are undocumented, but there have been several suggestions.\u00a0 There seems to be no record of pencil manufacture in the area but the stream is straight for much of its present course and it has been suggested that this could be the origin of the name.\u00a0 More likely is that it derives from Old English pensel<\/em> or pensil<\/em>, meaning \u2018a small pen<\/em> or enclosure\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PENDLEBURY<\/strong> is a town in the City of Salford<\/strong> about 6 kilometres north-west of Manchester.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name is recorded as Penelbiri<\/em> in 1202 but the modern spelling was not adopted until after 1567.\u00a0 The name means \u2018fort on a hill\u2019, with reduplication of Celtic and Old English elements meaning \u2018hill\u2019, from the Celtic pen<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019) + Old English –hyll<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019) + burh <\/em>(\u2018fort\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PENDLETON<\/strong> is an inner-city suburb north-west of the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1200 as Penelton<\/em>, meaning \u2018the t\u016bn <\/em>or village of or near Penhill\u2019.\u00a0 Pendleton is on a 70-metre ridge and it is believed that this must at one time have been called Penhyll<\/em> from Celtic pen<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019) + Old English –hyll<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEN LEACH BROOK <\/strong>or PENLEACH BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong> that rises north-east of Leigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> and flows south-east to join Bedford Brook<\/strong>, and ultimately meets the River Glaze<\/strong> near Warrington.\u00a0 The name is recorded on the Ordnance Survey maps of the late 19th<\/sup> century but its origin and meaning are uncertain.\u00a0 A literal interpretation of its elements suggests \u2018a muddy stream (Old English laecc<\/em>) below a headland (Celtic penn<\/em>) or beside an animal enclosure (Old English penn<\/em>)\u2019, but this meaning and derivation cannot be verified.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The PENNINES <\/strong>are a range of hills running along the spine of England and some of the places in north-eastern Greater Manchester<\/strong> can be said to be on the slopes of the Pennines.\u00a0 The name was not coined until about 1757, when Charles Julius Bertram fraudulently claimed to have found it in a 14th<\/sup> century manuscript.\u00a0 The name is thought to have been influenced by or copied from the Apennines<\/em>, the Italian mountain chain.\u00a0 The origin of this name is usually given as the Celtic penn<\/em>, meaning \u2018mountain top\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PENNINGTON<\/strong> is a suburb of Leigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1246 as Pinington<\/em>, usually said to mean \u2018a village or farmstead paying a penny rent\u2019, from Old English pening <\/em>+ t\u016bn<\/em>.\u00a0 Alternatively, it could be an eponym meaning \u2018a settlement belonging to a man named Pinna<\/em>\u2019.\u00a0 Pennington gives its name to Pennington<\/strong> Flash Country Park <\/strong>and Pennington Brook, a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PENNINGTON FLASH COUNTRY PARK<\/strong> is a 490-hectare recreational area near Leigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan <\/strong>which forms part of the Flashes of Wigan and Leigh.<\/strong>\u00a0 The park, opened in 1981, is centred on Pennington Flash, a 70-hectare lake created in the early 20th<\/sup> century by subsidence from Bickershaw<\/strong> colliery.\u00a0 The name comes from the nearby township of Pennington<\/em> + flash<\/em>, a lake formed by subsidence.\u00a0 Pennington Brook is a 3.5-kilometre stream that flows out of Pennington Flash before joining Glaze Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PENNINGTON GREEN <\/strong>is a village south of Aspull<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Pennington<\/em> Hall, which was owned by the Pennington<\/em> family from the 13th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The hall was demolished in 1964 but much of the estate had been transformed into a public park in 1920.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u2018PERSONCHESTER\u2019<\/strong> is a name that has been suggested (despite the etymology and Manchester\u2019s record in promoting women\u2019s rights) as a non-sexist version of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The suggestion goes back at least as far as 1977 but a 2017 campaign to change the name of Manchester United football club came to nothing.\u00a0 However, another campaign was later launched in 2023 to change the name of the city.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PHILIPS PARK, Bradford<\/strong>, is a 12.5-hectare public park of east Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened on 22 August 1846 as one of the first municipal parks in the world and was named after Mark Philips<\/em> (1800-1873), who was one of Manchester\u2019s first two MPs and who campaigned for public parks in the industrialised towns and cities of Victorian England.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PHILIPS PARK, Prestwich<\/strong>, is a 52-hectare nature reserve and forms part of Prestwich<\/strong> Forest Park in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally a mediaeval deer park, established in 1291 by the Pilkington<\/strong> family.\u00a0 It was purchased in 1785 by Thomas Philips <\/em>(1728-1811), a local businessman.\u00a0 In 1830 his nephew, Robert Philips<\/em> (1760-1844), a textile-mill owner, built the family home in \u2018the park\u2019.\u00a0 Philips Park was purchased by Whitefield<\/strong> and Prestwich Councils in 1946, and opened as a public park in 1948.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PICCADILLY<\/strong> is a district in central Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name was first applied in 1780 to a street that had previously been known as Lever\u2019s Row, and was then used for the surrounding district, which had been called Daub Holes (see Daubhill<\/strong>), by about 1812.\u00a0 The name came from the affluent area of Piccadilly<\/em> in London and is another example of gentrification \u2013 trying to improve the image of an area by transferring a fashionable or aristocratic name from elsewhere.\u00a0 In time, the name was applied to the nearby Piccadilly Gardens<\/strong> and Piccadilly station<\/strong>.\u00a0 Piccadilly<\/em> in London took its name in the mid-17th<\/sup> century from the French piccadill<\/em>, a kind of stiff collar that was made in the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PICCADILLY GARDENS <\/strong>are a public open space with a bus station in central Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The gardens were laid out in the 1930s after the demolition of the original Manchester Royal Infirmary in 1910, and named after the nearby street of Piccadilly<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PICCADILLY STATION<\/strong> is Manchester<\/strong>\u2019s principal railway station.\u00a0 It was opened on 8 May 1842 by the Manchester & Birmingham and Sheffield Ashton-under-Lyne and Manchester railways as Store Street<\/strong>.\u00a0 The Manchester & Birmingham\u2019s successor, the London & North Western Railway, renamed it London Road<\/strong> in 1847.\u00a0 In 1960, following electrification and modernisation, it was renamed Piccadilly after the nearby Piccadilly Gardens<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PICKHILL BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that is formed west of Pobgreen<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> through the confluence of Royle Brook<\/strong> and Capper Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 It then flows west to meet the Tame in Uppermill<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the 19th<\/sup> century and derives from Middle English pightel<\/em>, meaning \u2018a small enclosure, croft\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PICKLEY GREEN<\/strong> is a village about 3.2 kilometres north of Leigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the opening of a colliery in 1804 but the village church dates from the 12th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 There are different suggestions for its origin.\u00a0 One is that it is an eponym:\u00a0 Anglo-Saxon personal name Pic<\/em> or Picco<\/em> (perhaps related to pike<\/em>, the mediaeval weapon) + Old English l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018woodland clearing\u2019).\u00a0 Perhaps more likely is Middle English pightle<\/em>, meaning \u2018a small field or enclosure, a croft\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PIETHORNE BROOK<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Beal <\/strong>that rises on the moors at Rock Stones Hill, south-east of Littleborough<\/strong>, and flows south-west through a series of reservoirs (Ogden, Kitcliffe, Piethorne, Hanging Lees, Norman Hill<\/strong> and Rooden<\/strong> Reservoirs) constructed in 1858-1878 to meet the Beal at Milnrow<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the 19th<\/sup> century but it is said come from Middle English pie<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018magpie\u2019) + thorn<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018hawthorn-tree\u2019), both of which are found in the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PIGS LEE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong> that rises east of Walmersley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> and then flows west and south-south-west 507 metres to meet the Irwell near Burrs Country Park<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is thought to take its name from a settlement meaning \u2018a clearing (l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em>) where pigs are kept\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PILKINGTON<\/strong> is (or was) a residential district of Prestwich<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> beside the River Irwell<\/strong> where it meets the River Croal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1202 as Pulkinton<\/em> and with its modern spelling in 1246.\u00a0 It is an eponym, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Pilheard<\/em> or Pileca<\/em> + inga<\/em> (\u2018belonging to\u2019) + t\u016bn <\/em>(\u2018enclosure, farmstead, village\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PILSWORTH<\/strong> is a residential area of Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1243 as Pylesworth<\/em>, an eponym meaning \u2018Pil\u2019s settlement\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Pil <\/em>or Pilheard<\/em> + Old English worth<\/em> (\u2018enclosure, settlement\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PIMHOLE <\/strong>is a residential area east of Bury<\/strong> town centre to the west of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1650 but is not well documented.\u00a0 It may be derived from the Old English pimb<\/em>, meaning \u2018wood, tree\u2019 + hole<\/em>, meaning \u2018hollow, valley\u2019, so that the meaning could be \u2018the valley (of the River Roch) where wood grows\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PINGOT QUARRY WATERFALL <\/strong>is a small waterfall near Lamberhead Green<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name seems to have originated as The Pingot<\/em>, a dialect word meaning \u2018a small croft or enclosure of land\u2019.\u00a0 It originally referred to a spring of pure water which supplied nearby Pemberton<\/strong>, but this was closed down in 1880.\u00a0 Late in the 19th<\/sup> century the name was applied to a sandstone quarry on Crompton<\/strong> Moor that was closed down during the 1970s.\u00a0 Water that cascades off the moor into the quarry is known as the Pingot Quarry Waterfall, and this then forms the Old Brook, which eventually flows into the River Beal<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PITSES <\/strong>is a small residential area close to the River Medlock<\/strong> and east of Alt<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Pitses goes back to mediaeval times and it has been suggested that it may be a reduplicated plural of pits<\/em>, perhaps indicating early coal workings in the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PLANK LANE<\/strong> is a residential area on the western edge of Leigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the building of Plank Lane Lock<\/em> on the Leigh branch of the Leeds & Liverpool Canal in 1819, but the name may refer to an earlier wooden or plank bridge across marshy or flooded land from the Middle English plank<\/em> or plaunke<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PLATT BRIDGE<\/strong> is a residential area of Wigan<\/strong>, about 3 kilometres south-east of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is found in 1212 as Platte<\/em> and as Plat Bridge<\/em> in 1599.\u00a0\u00a0 The name is an example of reduplication as Middle English plat<\/em> actually means \u2018a footbridge\u2019, presumably referring to a bridge over the nearby Borsdane<\/strong> Brook.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PLATT<\/strong> FIELDS PARK <\/strong>is a 2.4-hectare park in Rusholme<\/strong>, south of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1150, when the \u2018lands of Platt\u2019<\/em> were given to the Knights of St John.\u00a0 This suggests that the name is an eponym and the Platt family are known to have owned an estate in this area from the 13th<\/sup> to the 17th<\/sup> centuries.\u00a0 The estate was purchased by the City of Manchester in 1908 and opened to the public as Platt Fields Park in 1910.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The PLAZA <\/strong>is a cinema and theatre off Mersey Square<\/strong> in Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in an extravagant art deco style with a rising organ and opened on 7 October 1932.\u00a0 It was named the Plaza<\/em> \u2013 a popular name for cinemas in the north-west of England at the time, derived from the Spanish for space or market.\u00a0 It closed as a cinema on 31 December 1966 and was converted to a bingo hall.\u00a0 In March 2000 it was sold to the Stockport Plaza Trust, refurbished and re-opened as a cinema and theatre on 7 October 2000.\u00a0 It now has Grade II listing and is frequently used for period films and TV dramas.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PLUMPTON WOOD\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>There are several places called Plumpton in what was Lancashire<\/strong> and elsewhere in England, all meaning \u2018farmstead or village where plums grow\u2019, from the Old English plume<\/em> + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>.\u00a0 Plumpton Wood north of Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> is recorded in 1826, when it was the scene of a notorious murder.\u00a0 It also gives its name to Plumpton Wood Brook, a short tributary of the River Roch<\/strong> that flows through Plumpton Wood to meet the Roch east of Hooley Bridge<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
POBGREEN <\/strong>or POB GREEN <\/strong>is a hamlet east of Uppermill <\/strong>in the area of Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1725 but it is known that the church and adjoining settlement date back to mediaeval times.\u00a0 The origin of the name is obscure, but may derive from the dialect term pob<\/em>, meaning \u2018waste material from the manufacture of flax or other textiles\u2019, but this cannot be confirmed.\u00a0 It is known that textile production, including flax, was carried out in the area from the 18th<\/sup> century and perhaps earlier.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
POCKET <\/strong>or The POCKET<\/strong> is a residential and industrial area in Deane<\/strong> on the outskirts of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It appears on a map of 1850 as a pocket<\/em> of land south of the River Croal<\/strong>.\u00a0 Croal means \u2018winding stream\u2019 and Pocket seems to have to developed in one of its many meanders.\u00a0 The term \u2018pocket\u2019 is being perpetuated with the laying out of \u2018pocket parks\u2019 along the banks of the Croal.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
POISE BROOK<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Goyt<\/strong> which rises in High Lane<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport.<\/strong>\u00a0 It then flows through Poise Bank Local Nature Reserve in north-west Offerton<\/strong> to join the Goyt in Woodbank Memorial Park<\/strong> in eastern Stockport.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in about 1350 as Puysclogh<\/em>, meaning \u2018pease valley or valley where peas grow\u2019, from the French pois<\/em> or Middle English pease <\/em>+ cl\u014dh<\/em> (\u2018deep valley\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
POLEFIELD<\/strong> is a residential area of Prestwich<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The location seems to date from the early 16th<\/sup> century, when it is said to have been called Deadwenclough (\u2018Dead women in a stream\u2019).\u00a0 The name Polefield<\/em> seems to have been adopted later in the century and was the site of Polefield House and Polefield Hall.\u00a0 The name was derived from Old English pol\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018a pole or beacon, especially one used for communication\u2019) + feld<\/em>.\u00a0 Polefield Hall was demolished in the 1930s and the land was used to build a housing estate.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
POMONA ISLAND <\/strong>and POMONA DOCKS\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Pomona Island is an island on the River Irwell<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford <\/strong>that was originally named Strawberry Island.\u00a0 In 1845 the island was developed into a leisure centre and renamed Pomona <\/em>Gardens after the Roman goddess of fruit and gardens.\u00a0 In 1875 a huge concert hall was built, the Royal Pomona Palace, the largest in Victorian England and capable of seating more than 30,000 people.\u00a0 In June 1887, an explosion at a nearby chemical factory badly damaged the Royal Pomona Palace \u2013 it was closed and sold for docks on the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The canal was completed in 1894 and Pomona Docks were opened in 1903.\u00a0 The docks were closed in 1982 and fell into decline, but there are plans for development around the Metrolink tram stop of Pomona, which was opened in December 1999.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
POOLSTOCK <\/strong>is a residential area of Wigan<\/strong> about one kilometre south-west of the town centre, close to the River Douglas<\/strong> and the Leeds & Liverpool Canal.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1520 as Pulstoke<\/em> and means something like \u2018place near or beside a pool\u2019, from the OId English pull<\/em> (\u2018pool\u2019) + stoc <\/em>(\u2018place, outlying settlement\u2019).\u00a0 It has been suggested that Poolstock was an outlying settlement used for summer grazing by the River Douglas for cattle from elsewhere.\u00a0 Poolstock Brook is a tributary of the River Douglas, which rises near Poolstock and flows north-west to meet to Douglas south of Wigan.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The PORTICO <\/strong>is an independent subscription library in Mosley Street in central Manchester <\/strong>that was opened in 1806.\u00a0 It takes its name both from its architecture, with a Greek-style portico<\/em> as its main entrance, and because it was intended to be a gateway to knowledge and literature.\u00a0 William Gaskell, the husband of Elizabeth Gaskell<\/strong>, was its chairman for 30 years.\u00a0 Peter Mark Roget was its first secretary and began writing his Thesaurus there.\u00a0 The library is now housed on the first floor.\u00a0 The ground floor is occupied by a pub called \u2018The Bank\u2019, recalling the days when it was leased to the Bank of Athens.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PORTLAND BASIN WAREHOUSE<\/strong> is a canal museum near Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is located at the junction of the Ashton and Huddersfield Canals in a warehouse built in 1834 beside the wharves of Portland Basin, which was opened in the 1820s and named after the 3rd<\/sup> Duke of Portland<\/em> (1738-1809).\u00a0 Canal traffic ceased in the 1960s and much of the warehouse was destroyed by fire in 1972, but the canal and warehouse have been restored and the museum opened in 1985 and expanded in 2005.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PORTWOOD<\/strong> is a residential area of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> that was in Cheshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Portwode<\/em> in 1337, from Old English port <\/em>+ wood<\/em>, meaning \u2018the wood by the port\u2019, apparently referring to a wood close to Stockport.\u00a0 Port<\/em> here means \u2018town, market\u2019 rather than \u2018harbour\u2019.\u00a0 Portwood Hall, which was built in 1546 and stood on the banks of the Mersey<\/strong>, was noted for its orchards, gardens and deer park. In 1732, a silk mill was built at Portwood which can claim to be the first water-powered textile mill in north-west England.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
POT GREEN <\/strong>is a small residential and conservation area south-west of Ramsbottom<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Bury of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The settlement dates from the 17th<\/sup> century but the origin of the name seems to be undocumented.\u00a0 However, it seems likely that the derivation is similar to that of nearby Holcombe Brook<\/strong>, where hol<\/em> means \u2018hole\u2019 or \u2018hollow\u2019.\u00a0 Similarly, the pot<\/em> of Pot Green could be a depression or hollow in the landscape.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
POTS AND PANS <\/strong>is a landmark on top of Alderman\u2019s Hill<\/strong> in the Peak District<\/strong> overlooking Uppermill<\/strong> and the Tame<\/strong> valley in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It consists of a pile of hollowed-out boulders resembling pots and<\/em> pans<\/em>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1843 but the rocks are said to have been thrown by two Saddleworth<\/strong> giants named Alder and Alphin<\/strong> in an ancient battle.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
POUNDSWICK <\/strong>was a rural area of Northern Etchells<\/strong> which since the 1930s has largely been swallowed up by Wythenshawe<\/strong> in south Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1280 as Pundesok<\/em>, from the Old English pund<\/em> (\u2018pound, enclosure for animals\u2019) + \u0101c <\/em>(\u2018oak\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
POWNALL GREEN<\/strong> is an area of Bramhall<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> which was included in Cheshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in the 12th<\/sup> century as Pohenhale<\/em>, meaning the \u2018nook of land (halh<\/em>) belonging to someone called Pohha<\/em>\u2019 and in 1297 a Richard de Pounale<\/em> is recorded as a farmer in the Wilmslow area of north Cheshire but the Bramhall Pownalls were descended from Humphrey Pownall, who leased land from the Davenports of Bramall Hall<\/strong> and who died in 1604.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PRESTOLEE <\/strong>is a village in Kearsley<\/strong> on the River Irwell<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, which was formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1618 as Prestall Lee<\/em> and it was often written as two words until later in the century.\u00a0 The name means \u2018the clearing or meadow (–<\/em>l\u0113ah<\/em>) of the hall<\/em> of the priests (pr\u0113ost<\/em>)\u2019.\u00a0 The priests\u2019 hall refers to the nearby oratory at Farnworth<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PRESTWICH<\/strong><\/a> is a town on the northern bank of the River Irwell <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>, about 5 kilometres north of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1194 as Prestwich<\/em>, meaning \u2018priest\u2019s farm or village\u2019 or even \u2018parsonage or rectory\u2019, from Old English pr\u0113ost<\/em> + w\u012bc<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PRETTYWOOD<\/strong> is a small area west of Heywood<\/strong> overlooking the River Roch<\/strong> on the border between the metropolitan boroughs of Rochdale<\/strong> and Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is not documented before 1850 and then developed in the second half of the 19th<\/sup> century, with Prettywood road bridge over the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway built in about 1875 and the nearby Railway Inn in 1883.\u00a0 The name is apparently aspirational.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PRICKSHAW BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Spodden<\/strong> that rises east of Whitworth in Lancashire <\/strong>and flows south-east to Spring Mill Reservoir<\/strong>.\u00a0 It then flows east to meet the Spodden north-east of Catley Lane Head<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1292 as Prikkeschagh<\/em>, meaning something like \u2018the thorny (Old English prica<\/em>) enclosure (Old English h<\/em>\u00e6g<\/em>)\u2019 or \u2018the enclosure surrounded by thorns\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PRIESTNALL<\/strong> is a residential and recreational area of Heaton Mersey<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Priestnall<\/strong> in 1696 and there have been various suggestions for its origin.\u00a0 The first element is generally assumed to be priest<\/em>; the second may be Old English halh<\/em> (\u2018nook of land\u2019), cnoll<\/em> (\u2018hillock\u2019) or cnyll<\/em> (\u2018knell\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PRIMROSE BANK <\/strong>is a residential area of south-west Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1800 and it is recorded as a hamlet in 1829.\u00a0\u00a0 The name of the primrose<\/em> flower is first recorded in 1425 and was valued as a source of evening-primrose oil.\u00a0 In 1964 Oldham Council started a major regeneration of the Primrose Bank estate.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The PRINCE\u2019S BRIDGE<\/strong> was originally a road bridge across the River Irwell<\/strong> between Salford and Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 1859-1863 and named after Prince<\/em> Albert, Queen Victoria<\/strong>\u2019s husband, who had died in 1861.\u00a0 It was rebuilt 1905 and demolished in 2015.\u00a0 It was replaced by a new Prince\u2019s Bridge, a footbridge opened in 2023.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The PRINTWORKS <\/strong>is an entertainment complex in central Manchester<\/strong> with a large cinema, bars, clubs and restaurants.\u00a0 It takes its name from the Hulton newspaper printworks<\/em> that were housed on the site from 1873 until 1988.\u00a0 The site was then sold off, redeveloped and re-opened in 2000.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PRIORY GARDENS<\/strong> are a 6-hectare public park in Sale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> that take their name from Sale Priory<\/em>, a country house built in 1711 as the home of Thomas White, a Manchester<\/strong> lawyer.\u00a0 The house later passed to his son, also Thomas White, a distinguished surgeon, and then to his son, Dr Charles White (1728-1813), the co-founder of Manchester Royal Infirmary (see Cheadle Royal<\/strong>).\u00a0 The Whites gave their name to White\u2019s Bridge<\/strong> over the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The estate was sold to Sale Council in 1923 and the priory was demolished, but the grounds were laid out as a park which is also linked to Sale Water Park<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The PUNGLE<\/strong> is a residential area south of Westhoughton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is little-documented and its origin is obscure.\u00a0 It is recorded as Pungle<\/em> in 1841 but as Pingle Closes<\/em> in 1849.\u00a0 One suggestion is that it is a corruption of Pound Hill<\/strong>, with pound<\/em> meaning an enclosure for stray cattle.\u00a0 Another is that it is a corruption of the Middle English pingel<\/em>, meaning \u2018a small enclosure\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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QUARLTON<\/strong> is a village in the north of Bolton <\/strong>that was formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1246 as Querendon<\/em>, meaning \u2018mill hill\u2019 or \u2018hill where millstones were obtained\u2019, from the Old English cweorn<\/em> (\u2018mill, millstone\u2019) + d\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018hill\u2019).\u00a0 The type of mill referred to is unclear and it may refer to a windmill, a water mill or simply a millstone.\u00a0 The idea that cweorn<\/em> may refer to millstones may be supported by the fact that the hard millstone grit found locally is known to have been used for millstones.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The QUEEN ALEXANDRA PICTURE HOUSE\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> The FESTIVAL THEATRE <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
QUEEN\u2019S PARK, Bolton<\/strong> is an 8.9 hectare public park north-west of the town centre.\u00a0 It was laid out to provide work for destitute mill workers during the cotton famine<\/strong> and initially named Bolton Park when opened in 1866 but was renamed Queen\u2019s Park<\/em> in 1897 to celebrate the diamond jubilee of Queen <\/em>Victoria<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
QUEEN\u2019S PARK, Harpurhey<\/strong> is a 37-hectare public park in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The land was purchased by the city in 1845 and laid out in 1846 as one of the first public parks in England.\u00a0 It was named after Queen<\/em> Victoria<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
QUEEN\u2019S PARK, Heywood <\/strong>is an 18-hectare public park in Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in 1879 and named after Queen<\/em> Victoria<\/strong>, who had given money to the town to purchase the estate of Charles Martin Newhouse (1837-73), a local cotton manufacturer who had died without making a will.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
QUICK<\/strong> is an old name for Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Saddleworth is now the term in general use but Quick survives in various place names in the locality \u2013 Quick, Quickmere, Quick Edge and Quickwood.\u00a0 The derivation is uncertain.\u00a0 A Victorian suggestion that Quick appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 as ‘Thoac’ or ‘Tohac’ has now been discounted as the Domesday entry is thought to refer to Upperthong near Holfirth.\u00a0 More recent suggestions for the origin of Quick are that it may represent a Norman pronunciation of the Old English wic<\/em>, meaning \u2018a dwelling, a building or collection of buildings, a farm\u2019, or that it is derived from Old English cwic<\/em>, meaning the wiggin tree or mountain ash.\u00a0 Perhaps the most-widely accepted proposal is that it is derived from Old English cwic<\/em>, meaning \u2018a quickset hedge\u2019, a type of hedge created by planting quick<\/em> (i.e. live) cuttings, typically hawthorn, so that they grow into a boundary hedge.\u00a0\u00a0 Quick gives its name to Quick Edge and Quick Wood, both south-south-west of Quick in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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R<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RACKHOUSE <\/strong>is a residential area of Wythenshawe<\/strong> west of Northenden <\/strong>in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded as Rack House<\/em> on a map of 1831 of Cheshire. <\/strong>\u00a0Rackhouse Farm was part of the area purchased by the City in 1926 and in 1929 it was chosen as the site of Manchester\u2019s first airport, but it closed in 1930 when Barton<\/strong> airport was opened and the area became a school.\u00a0 The derivation of \u2018rackhouse\u2019 is not documented, but the name is found elsewhere in England meaning \u2018a house<\/em> or barn where things were stored on wooden racks\u2019<\/em>. The word is not included in the Oxford English Dictionary<\/em> but it is still used in the USA for structures where whiskey barrels are stored while the bourbon matures.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RADCLIFFE<\/strong><\/a> is a town on the River Irwell <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> 11 kilometres north-west of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0\u00a0 The name is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Radeclive<\/em>, meaning \u2018red cliff\u2019 and referring to the red <\/em>sandstone cliff<\/em> beside the Irwell (see<\/em> Appendix 1). It is taken from the Old English read<\/em> (\u2018red\u2019) + clif<\/em> (\u2018cliff\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RADCLIFFE EES<\/strong> is a 41-hectare area of wetland on the north bank of a meander in the River Irwell<\/strong> east of the town of Radcliffe<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 Ees<\/em> is a local word for a water meadow derived from the Old English \u0113g<\/em>, meaning \u2018island\u2019, often a piece of firm land in an area liable to flooding.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RAG HOLE BROOK <\/strong>is a short stream that rises on Dick Hill<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and flows south through Rag Hole Clough into the north-west corner of Ogden<\/strong> Reservoir.\u00a0 The name is not recorded before the mid-20th<\/sup> century and its origin is obscure.\u00a0 Local sources suggest it is from the dialect rag<\/em>, meaning \u2018hoar frost\u2019, but it could also come from OE ragge<\/em> (\u2018rough stone\u2019, hence \u2018ragged\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RAIKES CLOUGH <\/strong>is a 14-hectare wooded area beside the River Croal<\/strong> south-west of Darcy Lever<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are several places named \u2018Raikes\u2019 in the Bolton area \u2013 Raikes Bleach Works dates back to the 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The origin is thought to be Old Norse r<\/em>\u00e1k <\/em>or Middle English rake<\/em>, meaning \u2018a lane, path, track\u2019, particularly one leading to pasture.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RAIN SHORE <\/strong>or RAINSHORE <\/strong>is a hamlet and housing estate to the west of Greenbooth Reservoir<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The settlement is not well documented but local farmhouses have 1709 and 1777 on their datestones.\u00a0 The origin of the name is uncertain but it probably has nothing to do with either \u2018rain\u2019 or \u2018shore\u2019:\u00a0 it might mean \u2018steep bank (Old English scoren<\/em>) beside a small stream (rynel<\/em>)\u2019.\u00a0\u00a0 The stream could be Fordoe Brook<\/strong>, which powered 19th<\/sup>-century wool and dye mills in Rainshore.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RAINSOUGH <\/strong>is an open space and residential area in Prestwich<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is also the site of an Iron Age and Roman fort atop Rainsough Hill, although no remains are visible today.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1716, when a poorhouse was built nearby.\u00a0 The name is said to have originally been Raineshaw<\/em>, suggesting that it might have been derived from Old English hr<\/em>\u00e6fn<\/em> (\u2018raven\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RAKEWOOD <\/strong>is village south of Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is not well documented before the building of a church by the Methodists in 1867 and Rakewood Lower Mill, which is believed to date from the 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name means \u2018wood in a narrow valley\u2019, from the Old English hraeca <\/em>(\u2018mouth of a narrow valley\u2019) + wudu<\/em>.\u00a0 The valley is probably that of Hollingworth<\/strong> Brook or Longden End Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RAMSBOTTOM<\/strong><\/a> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury <\/strong>on the banks of the River Irwell.\u00a0 <\/strong>The name is recorded in 1324 as Romesbothum<\/em> and means \u2018valley bottom where wild garlic grows\u2019 from the Old English hramsa<\/em> + bothm<\/em>, suggesting that the herb may have grown along the valley.\u00a0 A less likely possibility is that it actually means \u2018ram\u2019s valley bottom\u2019 from the Old English ramm <\/em>(\u2018ram\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RAMS BROOK<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises south of Slackcote<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows north-east into the Tame.\u00a0 Rams Clough is recorded in 1739 and the name may literally mean \u2018the valley of the rams\u2019 (Old English ramm<\/em>) or, less likely, may be derived from Old English hr<\/em>\u00e6fn<\/em>, so that the meaning would be \u2018valley of the ravens\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RAVEDEN BROOK<\/strong> and RAVEDEN CLOUGH\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>Raveden or Ravden Brook is a tributary of the River Tonge<\/strong> that rises on the Pennine<\/strong> moors and flows through Smithills <\/strong>Country Park to join Dean Brook<\/strong> to form Astley<\/strong> Brook.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1429 as Rapeden<\/em> but its origin is unclear.\u00a0 It may be from the Old Norse hrapi<\/em>, meaning \u2018small shrubs\u2019, or hrapa<\/em>, meaning \u2018rushing\u2019.\u00a0 A third possibility is that it is an eponym, either from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Hraefn<\/em> or the later Raphe<\/em> or Ralphe<\/em>.\u00a0 The second element is the Old English d\u0113nu<\/em>, meaning \u2018valley\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RAVENSTONE ROCKS <\/strong>and RAVENSTONE BROW <\/strong>are found on Broadstone Moss<\/strong> in the Peak District <\/strong>National Park east of Diggle<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 The names are recorded on the Ordnance Survey of 1843 and presumably suggest that ravens were found in the area or, less likely, the rocks are shaped like a raven.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RAYNER PARK<\/strong> is a public park in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The park was opened on 15 November 1924 by Mrs Ann Alice Rayner, who gave the land to the local authority and asked that it be named after her husband, John Edward Rayner<\/em> (1851-1918), who owned several collieries in the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
READYCON DEAN BROOK<\/strong> and READYCON DEAN RESERVOIR\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>The reservoir was completed in 1883 as the highest of a series in the Denshaw<\/strong> area built to supply the growing population and industries of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 The reservoir is fed by streams from Readycom Hill<\/em> and Readycon Dean Brook<\/em> flows out of the western end of the reservoir and eventually feeds Crook Gate<\/strong>, Dowry<\/strong> and New Year\u2019s Bridge<\/strong> reservoirs.\u00a0 The water flowing out of these reservoirs then form the River Tame<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1468 as Redokindenhede<\/em>, meaning \u2018red oak valley\u2019, from the Old English r<\/em>\u0113ad <\/em>(\u2018red\u2019) + \u0101cen <\/em>(\u2018oak\u2019) + denu<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RED BANK <\/strong>is a residential area north of the River Irk<\/strong> north of Manchester <\/strong>city centre and Victoria station<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1557 as a street running north-east from the north bank<\/em> of the Irk and takes its name from the red<\/em> sandstone on which it is built and which was used in the construction of Manchester Cathedral, Chetham\u2019s Library<\/strong> and other buildings.\u00a0 It developed as a middle-class residential area in the late 18th<\/sup> and early 19th<\/sup> century but had degenerated into an industrial slum area by the middle of the 19th<\/sup> century, described (but not actually named) by Engels as \u2018utterly uninhabitable\u2019 in 1845, asking, \u2018How can people wash when they have only the dirty Irk water at hand?\u2019, but overlooking the fact that the Dolphin Baths (the first in Manchester) had been opened in Horrocks<\/strong> in Red Bank in 1836.\u00a0 The slums were demolished in the 1930s and the area is currently undergoing regeneration as part of the Victoria North<\/strong> new town project.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RED BROOK <\/strong>is a stream that is formed by the confluence of Sinderland<\/strong> Brook and Caldwell Brook<\/strong> just below Covershaw Bridge<\/strong> in Carrington<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It then flows westward and empties into the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> opposite Glaze Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 Although the stream is mentioned as far back as the 13th<\/sup> century, the current name is thought to be much more recent.\u00a0 There are a good many Red Brooks across England and they often take their name from their iron oxide content, giving them a distinct colouration, but this cannot be confirmed in this case.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
REDDISH<\/strong> is a suburb of Stockport<\/strong>, about 7.5 kilometres south-east of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1212 as Rediche<\/em> but the modern spelling is found from 1577.\u00a0 It is usually said to mean \u2018ditch where reeds grow\u2019, from Old English hr\u0113od<\/em> (\u2018reed\u2019) + d\u012bc<\/em> (\u2018ditch\u2019).\u00a0 Another possibility is that it means \u2018red ditch\u2019 from read<\/em> + d\u012bc<\/em>.\u00a0 In both cases, the d\u012bc<\/em> probably refers to Nico Ditch<\/strong>.\u00a0 Suggestions that the \u2018red ditch\u2019 was the site of an ancient and bloody battle are probably folk etymology.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
REDISHER WOOD <\/strong>is a 14-hectare local nature reserve on Holcombe Moor, west of the village of Holcombe<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1797 as Reddisher Wood<\/em> and in 1848 as Radisher Wood<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are two theories as to the origin of the name.\u00a0 One is that it means \u2018reed ditch\u2019, from Old English hr\u0113od<\/em> + d\u012bc<\/em>, referring to Holcombe Brook, which flows through the wood.\u00a0 <\/em>The other is that it means \u2018red ditch\u2019, from Old English read<\/em> + d\u012bc<\/em>, referring to the red<\/em> or ochre deposits of iron bedrock which discolour the soil and groundwater.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RED LUMB<\/strong> is a village on the moors north-west of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but Lumb<\/em> is a common place name dating back to mediaeval times across Lancashire<\/strong>, West Yorkshire<\/strong> and Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is derived from the Old English r<\/em>\u0113ad<\/em>, referring to the local red clay + lumm<\/em>, meaning \u2018a pool\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RED MOSS <\/strong>is a 47-hectare nature reserve south of Horwich<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was set aside as a nature reserve in 1999 to preserve the wildlife of the ancient moss wetland. \u00a0M<\/em>os<\/em> is the Old English for swamp or marsh, and \u2018red\u2019 presumably refers to the colour of the vegetation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
REDVALES<\/strong> is a suburb of Bury<\/strong> close to the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is an eponym which is first recorded in 1185 as Rediveshale<\/em>, meaning \u2018the nook of land belonging to the lady R\u0113dgifu<\/em>\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + halh <\/em>(\u2018nook or corner of land\u2019), referring to the large bend in the Irwell to the south-west of the current district of Redvales.\u00a0 The modern spelling suggests a rationalisation of the name in the belief that it comes from red<\/em> + vale<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
REEBOK STADIUM\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> TOUGHSHEET COMMUNITY STADIUM<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
REGENT BRIDGE <\/strong>is a road bridge across the River Irwell<\/strong> connecting Hulme<\/strong> in the City of Manchester and Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in 1808 but the chronology of the name is difficult to determine as the building pre-dates the Regency period (1811-20, when the Prince of Wales, the future George IV, acted as regent <\/em>as his father, George III, was incapacitated) and it seems that the bridge was originally known as Quaker Hall\u2019s bridge as it was built by a local Quaker named Hall who charged a ha\u2019penny toll.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RHODES <\/strong>and nearby RHODES GREEN <\/strong>and RHODES RAVINE <\/strong>are areas east of Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1332 as Rodes<\/em>, from Old English rod<\/em> meaning \u2018a clearing\u2019.\u00a0 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RHODES BANK <\/strong>is a residential area of Oldham<\/strong>, west of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in parish records of 1828 as Rhodesbank<\/em> but the name is probably much older, meaning \u2018the hillside of the Rhodes<\/em> family\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RICHMOND HILL <\/strong>is, or was, a street and residential area on a low rise in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the construction of the Richmond Independent Chapel in Richmond Hill in 1845.\u00a0 The name would seem to have been transferred from Richmond Hill<\/em> in Richmond-on-Thames in what was then Surrey.\u00a0 Richmond-on-Thames was formerly called Sheen but was renamed by order of Henry VII after Richmond in North Yorkshire.\u00a0 The name means \u2018strong hill\u2019 from the Old French riche<\/em> + mont<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RIDGE HILL <\/strong>or RIDGEHILL <\/strong>is a residential and recreational area of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1848.\u00a0 It comes from the 362-metre Pennine<\/strong> hill overlooking Stalybridge and describes the shape of the hill.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RIDING GATE <\/strong>is a location in Bolton<\/strong>, about 6.5 kilometres from the town centre.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is thought to mean \u2018the cleared road\u2019, from Middle English ridden<\/em> (\u2018to clear a way\u2019) + Old Norse gata<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a road, an entrance to a field\u2019).\u00a0 Over time, the original meaning seems to have been forgotten and the name was rationalised to Riding Gate.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The RIGHTON GALLERY <\/strong>is an art gallery in central Manchester<\/strong> belonging to Manchester Metropolitan University.\u00a0 It occupies the Righton Building, originally opened in 1905 as a draper\u2019s shop built for William Righton<\/em> (1855\/56-1923).\u00a0 It late became a builders\u2019 merchants\u2019 showroom but was purchased by Manchester Corporation in 1969.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RIMMON PIT BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> which rises in the Peak District <\/strong>National Park in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>and flows through Rimmon Pit Clough (from Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>, meaning \u2018ravine, deep valley\u2019) to meet Holme Brook<\/strong>, which then meets Greenfield<\/strong> Brook and goes on to join the Tame.\u00a0 In local folklore, Rimmon was a river nymph loved by two giants, Alder<\/strong> and Alphin<\/strong>.\u00a0 The two giants fought for her love by hurling boulders at each other and Alphin was killed.\u00a0 Rimmon, who loved Alphin, killed herself.\u00a0 Pit<\/em> comes from Old English pytt<\/em>, meaning \u2018a pit or hollow\u2019.\u00a0 See also<\/em> ALDERMAN\u2019S HILL<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RINGLEY<\/strong> is a residential area on the east bank of the River Irwell<\/strong> near Kearsley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The early history of the name is not well documented but in 1420 it appears as Ryngleys<\/em>, meaning \u2018round clearing\u2019, from the Old English hring\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018ring, a circle; something circular\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018clearing, glade\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RINGWAY<\/strong> is a village, formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>, which was transferred to the City of Manchester<\/strong> in 1974.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1260 as Ringheye<\/em> and means \u2018circular hedged enclosure\u2019 and comes from the Old English hring<\/em> (\u2018ring, circle\u2019) + haeg<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019).\u00a0 Manchester Airport<\/strong> is located in Ringway.\u00a0 It was opened in 1938 as Manchester Ringway Airport but the name was changed to Manchester International Airport in 1975.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RIVERSVALE ARBORETUM <\/strong>is an arboretum (a wooded area devoted to the study and display of plants and trees) on the south bank of the River Medlock<\/strong> in Limehurst<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name originates from Riversvale <\/em>Hall, a country house built in 1843-47 but destroyed by fire in 1947.\u00a0 The name seems to be a modern coinage \u2013 river<\/em> + vale<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019) – rather than that of a previous settlement or site. The grounds and the arboretum became part of Daisy Nook<\/strong> Country Park in 1976.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROACHES <\/strong>is an area\u00a0to the north of Mossley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are several places named Roach or Roaches in England,\u00a0notably The Roaches, an escarpment in Staffordshire.\u00a0 Most are recorded in the Middle Ages and derive from the French Roche<\/em>, meaning ‘rock’.\u00a0 This may be the origin of Roaches in Mossley, and quarrying in the area may support this possibility.\u00a0 However, the name is recorded only with the opening of Roaches Lock and Roaches Bridge with the opening of the Huddersfield Narrow Canal in 1811, suggesting that the name could be an eponym.\u00a0 Church records show that there was a Roach family in Mossley at the start of the 19th century but this cannot be confirmed as the origin of the place name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROAD END <\/strong>is a residential area between Greenfield<\/strong> and Boarshurst<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is thought to date from the early 19th<\/sup> century when the Chew<\/strong> Valley turnpike road <\/em>came to an end<\/em> at this point before being extended north-west later in the century after tolls were ended in 1885.\u00a0 The toll house in Road End dates from around 1827.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River ROCH<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Irwell <\/strong>that rises in the Pennines<\/strong> south of Todmorden and joins the Irwell<\/strong> east of Radcliffe<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is evidently linked to that of the town of Rochdale<\/strong>, but the link is unclear.\u00a0 It is recorded as Rach<\/em> in the 12th<\/sup> century and it is usually said to be derived from the name of the town, which is spelled Rachedal <\/em>in 1190. \u00a0\u00a0See also<\/em> CALDERBOOK<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROCHDALE <\/strong>is a town 16 kilometres north of Manchester<\/strong> city centre that became a metropolitan borough in 1974.\u00a0 The origin of the name is complex.\u00a0 It appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Recedham<\/em> (see<\/em> Appendix 1) but Rochedale<\/em> is found from 1276.\u00a0 Although Rochdale lies on the River Roch<\/strong>, it is believed that the town gave its name to the river rather than vice versa.\u00a0 The original name was derived from Old English r\u00e6ced<\/em> (\u2018building, hall\u2019) + h\u0101m <\/em>(\u2018homestead\u2019), meaning \u2018homestead with a hall\u2019, but h\u0101m <\/em>was soon replaced by d\u00e6l<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019), referring to the valley of the River Roch, which had acquired its name by the 13th century.\u00a0 When Daniel Defoe visited the town in about 1725, he described it as a \u2018very considerable\u2019 manufacturing town but \u2018so remote, so out of the way, and so at the very foot of the mountains, that we may suppose it would be but little frequented\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROCHDALE PIONEERS MUSEUM <\/strong>and PIONEERS MARKET<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0In December 1844 the Rochdale Equitable Pioneers<\/em> Society<\/em> was established in a building in Toad Lane in Rochdale<\/strong> and, although not the first such society in Victorian England, it became the model for the co-operative movement around the world.\u00a0 The original building was purchased by the Co-operative Union in 1925 and opened as a museum in 1931.\u00a0 The Rochdale Pioneers are also commemorated in the new market which opened in January 2025.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROCHER VALE<\/strong> is a nature reserve in the valley of the River Medlock<\/strong> close to Bardsley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 In the past it was the site of the Rocher Vale colliery but it now forms part of the Park Bridge<\/strong> Heritage Centre.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but rocher<\/em>, from the Old French for \u2018rock\u2019, is found in a number of place names in what was the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROEACRE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Roch <\/strong>which rises west of Castleton<\/strong>, flows north west to meet Millers Brook<\/strong> and then flows into the Roch south of Crimble<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The brook would seem to take its name from the hamlet of Roeacre, which is little documented before the construction of Roeacre Mill in 1886.\u00a0 The name would seem to mean \u2018land where deer are found\u2019, from the Old English r\u0101 <\/em>(\u2018roebuck deer\u2019) + \u00e6cer <\/em>(\u2018arable or cultivated land\u2019), and there are many places in Greater Manchester that are named after deer (Darley Park<\/strong>, Hartshead<\/strong>, Hattersley<\/strong>, Hindley<\/strong>, Hindsford<\/strong>, Roe Cross<\/strong>, Roe Green<\/strong>), but roe<\/em> as a place-name element is often a corruption with another meaning and so further research is required to confirm the origin of the name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROEBUCK LOW BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Medlock<\/strong> which rises on the moors north of Austerlands <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, flows south-west and then south into Strinesdale<\/strong> reservoir and on into the Medlock.\u00a0 There is a village in Rossendale in Lancashire<\/strong> called Roebuck Low, but with no apparent connection to Roebuck Low Brook in Oldham, although both would seem to mean \u2018the hill (Old English hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em>) where roe (Old English r\u0101<\/em>) buck (bucc<\/em>) are found\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROE CROSS <\/strong>is a village north of Mottram in Longdendale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1842 but it is probably older.\u00a0 It means \u2018roebuck cross\u2019, from Old English r\u0101 <\/em>(\u2018roebuck deer\u2019) + cros <\/em>(\u2018cross\u2019), perhaps in reference to its position on a crossroads.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROE GREEN <\/strong>is a residential area of Worsley<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is recorded in 1585 as Rowe Green<\/em>, derived from Old English r\u0101 <\/em>(\u2018roebuck deer\u2019) + grene<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018village green, grazing area\u2019).\u00a0 Roebuck are the most common species of deer in England and are found across the north-west.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROMAN LAKES LEISURE PARK <\/strong>is a private tourist attraction outside Marple<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The \u2018lakes\u2019 originated as a series of millponds formed when the River Goyt<\/strong> was diverted to provide power for Mellor<\/strong> Mill, built in 1792.\u00a0 The mill was burnt down in 1892 and the area was converted into a pleasure park by the mill manager, Edwin Furness, who invented the spurious name to give the idea that the \u2018lakes\u2019 had been built by the Romans<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROMILEY<\/strong> is a suburban village in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see <\/em>Appendix 1) as Rumelie<\/em>, meaning \u2018the roomy clearing\u2019, from the Old English r\u016bm<\/em> or r\u016bmig <\/em>(\u2018roomy, broad, spacious\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018clearing, glade\u2019).\u00a0 Despite its name, it was recorded as having a population of zero.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROODEN RESERVOIR <\/strong>was built in 1894-1901 as one of six reservoirs fed by Piethorne Brook<\/strong> (Ogden<\/strong>, Kitcliffe<\/strong>, Piethorne<\/strong>, Hanging Lees<\/strong>, Rooden<\/strong> and Norman Hill<\/strong>) and the tributaries of Rooden Catchwater to supply water for Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 All six took their names from farms that were abandoned or submerged, and Rooden F<\/em>arm was named after a local hill.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1340 as Roden<\/em>, meaning \u2018hill with a cross\u2019, from Old English r\u014dd<\/em> (\u2018rood, cross\u2019) + d\u016bn <\/em>(\u2018hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROOLEY MOOR<\/strong> is a moorland area north of Rochdale<\/strong> that was formerly known as Shore Moor in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is said to have been changed in the 18th<\/sup> century when a Mr Rowley <\/em>(later corrupted to Rooley<\/em>) took up residence in a local inn.\u00a0 An alternative suggestion is that it is a corruption of Roelow<\/em>, meaning \u2018the hill (Old English hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em>) of the roebuck deer (Old English r\u0101<\/em>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROSCOW FOLD <\/strong>is a hamlet west of Breightmet<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It originated as a square of eleven cottages built in about 1800 and named after an Alice Roscoe<\/em>.\u00a0 Roscoe is a common name in the Bolton area and there are records of Alice Roscoes as far back as about 1578.\u00a0 A fold <\/em>is a small farmstead, often named after the owner.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROSE BRIDGE<\/strong> is a suburb of Wigan <\/strong>east of the main town centre.\u00a0 It takes its name from Rose Bridge<\/em>, which carries the main road between Manchester<\/strong> and Wigan over the Leeds & Liverpool Canal, which was completed in 1816.\u00a0 The bridge itself was built in 1817-19 but the origin of its name seems to be unknown.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROSE HILL <\/strong>is a district west of Marple<\/strong> in the Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name originally applied just to a house, Rose Hill House<\/em>, but the opening of a station by the Marple Bollington & Macclesfield Railway in 1869 under the name Marple (Rose Hill) led to the development of a community named Rose Hill.\u00a0 The original Rose Hill House was demolished in 1945.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROUGH BANK <\/strong>is a rural area of the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> north-east of Newhey<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded with its modern spelling in 1598 and as a local farmhouse dated 1607.\u00a0 It means \u2018rough hill\u2019, from the Old English ruh<\/em> + bank<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROUGHTOWN<\/strong> is a residential area in the north of Mossley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> overlooking the River Tame<\/strong> and the Huddersfield Narrow Canal.\u00a0 The name seems initially to have been unofficial, found in Old Roughtown Mill of 1820 which was powered by the local stream, Roughtown Spout, and in the Huddersfield & Manchester Railway\u2019s Roughtown overbridge of 1845-49.\u00a0 It was standardised in 1865 with the opening of Roughtown School and was then used in official records.\u00a0 There are two theories about the origin of the name.\u00a0 The more common is that it came from the rough<\/em> behaviour of the workers at the nearby Glossop quarries.\u00a0 The other is that the area was difficult to build because of the rough<\/em> and stony ground.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROUNDTHORN<\/strong> is an industrial estate and residential area developed in the mid-1950s in Wythenshawe<\/strong> in south-west Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 Roundthorn <\/em>Farm is shown on a map of 1831 and the name was later applied to the estate that was built over it.\u00a0 Roundthorn<\/em> is a place name found across northern England, derived from Anglo-French rounde<\/em> + Old English thorn<\/em>.\u00a0 There is no species of hawthorn called \u2018roundthorn\u2019 and the name refers to a circular enclosure or animal pasture surrounded by hawthorns as a sort of fence.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROWLANDS <\/strong>is a village east of Summerseat<\/strong> and within a meander of the River Irwell <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is not well documented before the building of a Wesleyan chapel in 1830.\u00a0 It is said to be an eponym and that the area was once owned by a man named Rowland<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROWTON BROOK <\/strong>and ROWTON CLOUGH\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>Rowton Brook is a tributary of the River Medlock<\/strong> which seems to rise south of Holts<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flow south-west through Rowton Clough to join the Medlock.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but there are other places named Rowton elsewhere in England and these suggest that Rowton was once a settlement that gave its name to the brook.\u00a0 Different derivations have been suggested for different places named Rowton \u2013 either Middle English routen<\/em>, \u2018to roar\u2019, or Old English r<\/em>\u016bh<\/em>, \u2018rough\u2019, + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>, meaning \u2018enclosure, village\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROXBURY <\/strong>is a residential area in south-east Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1841 as the site of the New Earth<\/strong> Colliery.\u00a0 Its origin is uncertain but may parallel that of Roxbury in Massachussetts, which was founded in 1630 as Rocksbury<\/em> \u2013 \u2018the burh<\/em> of rocks<\/em>\u2019, referring to the local sedimentary rocks.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROYAL ALBERT EDWARD INFIRMARY <\/strong>is an NHS hospital in north Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the Prince of Wales, Prince Albert Edward<\/em> (1841-1910, later King Edward VII), who, with his wife, the Princess of Wales (1844-1920, later Queen Alexandra<\/strong>) opened the hospital in 1873.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROYAL EXCHANGE\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> EXCHANGE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROYAL GEORGE AQUEDUCT <\/strong>or DIVISION BRIDGE <\/strong>is a stone aqueduct near Mossley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside <\/strong>and Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 1794-97 to carry the Huddersfield Narrow Canal over the River Tame<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was named after the nearby Royal George<\/em> Mills that were built in 1786 and named in honour of King George III<\/em> (reigned 1760-1820).\u00a0 The alternative name of Division Bridge indicates its position on the boundary between Saddleworth and Mossley.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROYAL OAK <\/strong>is a residential area of Baguley<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the Royal Oak<\/em> pub, which was built in 1936 but there is said to have been a pub on the site since the 16th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Its original name was recorded as \u2018The Oak in Baguley\u2019 in 1580 but it was changed to the Royal Oak after the restoration of King Charles II to the throne in 1660.\u00a0 Many pubs were given this name at that time to celebrate the restoration by recalling the time when Charles, then Prince Charles, escaped capture by the parliamentary army after the Battle of Worcester by hiding up an oak tree.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROYALTHORN<\/strong> was a rural area of northern Cheshire<\/strong> in Northen Etchells<\/strong>, now in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The first element was recorded in the mid-13th<\/sup> century as Ryale<\/em>, meaning \u2018rye hill\u2019, from Old English ryge<\/em> + hyll<\/em>.\u00a0 The second element, from Old English thorn<\/em> (\u2018thorn tree\u2019), is recorded in 1536 but the name was rationalised to Royalthorn by 1831.\u00a0 An inn named the Ryle Thorn gave its name to the Royal Thorn pub in Wythenshawe<\/strong> the 1930s, but this was demolished in 2001.\u00a0 The name is retained today by several roads in Sharston<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROYDS BROOK <\/strong>is s stream that rises north of Red Lumb<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and flows south-east into Greenbooth Reservoir<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is said to derive from the Old English rod<\/em>, meaning \u2018woodland clearing\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROYLE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises north of Pobgreen<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>and flows west through Royle Clough to meet Wickens Brook<\/strong> and Pickhill Brook<\/strong>, which then joins the Tame in Uppermill<\/strong>.\u00a0 Royle Clough is recorded in 1747 as Rie-holes,<\/em> probably meaning \u2018hollow<\/em> where rye<\/em> is grown\u2019, from Old English r<\/em>\u04efge<\/em> + hol<\/em>.\u00a0 Royle Brook flows south of a farm name Ryefields, which is reached from Ryefields Drive, confirming the growing of rye and the name of the brook.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROYLEY <\/strong>is a residential area of Royton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1325 as Rylegh<\/em>, meaning \u2018clearing where rye is grown\u2019, from the Old English r\u04efge<\/em> (\u2018rye\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018woodland clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROYTON<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, close to the River Irk<\/strong> and 13 kilometres north-east of Manchester <\/strong>city centre.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1226 as Ritton<\/em> and with its modern spelling from 1577.\u00a0 The name means \u2018farm or village where rye is grown\u2019 from the Old English r\u04efge<\/em> (\u2018rye\u2019) + t\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018farm, village\u2019).\u00a0\u00a0 This is one of the few place names in Greater Manchester<\/strong> that refers to an agricultural crop.\u00a0 It could be said that Greater Manchester\u2019s cotton industry began and ended in Royton \u2013 the first water-powered cotton mill in what was then Lancashire<\/strong> was Thorp<\/strong> Mill, built in 1764, and the last was Elk Mill<\/strong>, completed in 1926.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RUINS <\/strong>is a residential area of Harwood <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong> centred on a street called \u2018Ruins Lane<\/em>\u2019, which was the site of a wood and grain mill built in the last quarter of the 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The mill collapsed in the 1940s, although the lane seems to have been named much earlier, perhaps in the 19th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RUMWORTH <\/strong>is a neighbourhood in the Borough of Bolton<\/strong> that was in Lancashire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1205 as Rumwrth<\/em> and as Rumworth<\/em> in 1278.\u00a0 The name probably means \u2018the broad farm\u2019 from Old English r\u016bm<\/em> (\u2018broad, spacious\u2019) + worth<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018an enclosure\u2019).\u00a0 Rumworth lends its name to Rumworth Lodge Reservoir, which was built in 1849.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RUNNING HILL HEAD<\/strong> is a hamlet on the western edge of Saddleworth<\/strong> Moor and east of Diggle <\/strong>and Uppermill<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>. \u00a0The name is recorded in 1722 and probably refers to the many streams, such as Broadstone Brook<\/strong> and Royle Brook<\/strong>, which run<\/em> off the hill<\/em>.\u00a0 This use of run<\/em> is much earlier than its application to human movement.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RUSH BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong> that rises in Belle Vue<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong> and then flows west through Kirkmanshulme<\/strong> and Rusholme<\/strong> to meet Corn Brook<\/strong> in Moss Side<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 It has been suggested that Rush Brook lent its name to Rusholme.\u00a0 The name seems to date from mediaeval times and is quite literal:\u00a0 \u2018the brook (Old English br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em>) with rushes (rysc<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RUSHCROFT\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>Higher and Lower Rushcroft are residential areas north-west of Shaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the mid-19th<\/sup>-century, when maps of the area show Rushcroft Farm, <\/em>and by the end of the century Higher and Lower Rushcroft appear as hamlets.\u00a0 In the 1950s, estates were built to relieve Oldham\u2019s housing shortage. The name means \u2018an enclosure (Old English croft<\/em>) with rushes (rysc<\/em>)\u2019, perhaps in reference to rushes in nearby Pencil Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RUSHFORD PARK<\/strong> is a residential conservation and recreational area in Levenshulme<\/strong>, about 5 kilometres south-east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is first mentioned as Rushford Bridge<\/em>, which was probably built in 1751.\u00a0 The name means \u2018the ford with rushes\u2019, from the Old English rysc<\/em> + ford<\/em>, perhaps referring to an earlier ford across what is now the Levenshulme Road Brook.\u00a0 The building of the Manchester & Birmingham Railway line to Crewe and the opening of a station at Rushford in 1840 led to residential and commercial development, but the closure of the station in 1843 limited further development until the end of the century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RUSHOLME <\/strong>is a suburb of the City of Manchester <\/strong>about 3.5 kilometres south of the city centre that was formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded as Russum<\/em> in 1235 and means \u2018(the place at) the rushes\u2019, from the Old English ryscum<\/em>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The spelling with -holme<\/em> is from the 16th<\/sup> century and seems to be an assimilation to the \u2018-holme\/-hulme\u2019 <\/em>suffix found elsewhere in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RYDER BROW <\/strong>or RIDER BROW<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0See<\/em> WINNING HILL<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RYECROFT<\/strong> is a locality in the west of Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Borough of Tameside<\/strong> that was formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name first appears as Rycroft<\/em> in 1283 and means \u2018rye field\u2019 from Old English ryge<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018rye\u2019) + croft<\/em> (\u2018small enclosed field\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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S<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SACKVILLE GARDENS<\/strong> is a small park in central Manchester<\/strong> that takes its name from nearby Sackville Street.\u00a0 The street appears on a map of 1807 and is named after Lionel Cranfield Sackville<\/em> (1688-1765), the Duke of Dorset, who was Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.\u00a0 The land was purchased by Manchester City Corporation in 1900 and opened as a public park, originally named Whitworth<\/strong> Gardens.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SADDLEWORTH <\/strong>is a moorland area of the western Pennines<\/strong> that was part of the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong> until 1974 but is now administered as part of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name is recorded in the late 12th<\/sup> century as Sadelwrth<\/em> and with its modern spelling from 1572.\u00a0 It is usually said to mean \u2018enclosure on a saddle-shaped ridge\u2019 from Old English sadol<\/em> (\u2018saddle; saddle-shaped\u2019) + worth<\/em> (\u2018enclosure; enclosed settlement\u2019), but no such saddle-shaped hill has been identified.\u00a0 An alternative suggestion, given Saddleworth\u2019s terrain and position on the border between Yorkshire<\/strong> and Lancashire<\/strong>, is that it could mean \u2018boundary-hill settlement\u2019, from Old English scead<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018boundary\u2019) + hyll <\/em>+ worth<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SADLER\u2019S YARD<\/strong> is a 300-square-metre pedestrian square in central Manchester<\/strong> which was opened in 2015.\u00a0 It is named after James Sadler<\/em> (1753-1828), who was the first Englishman to make a balloon flight.\u00a0 Following his first ascent in Oxford on 4 October 1784, he made a further flight on 12 May 1785 from what is now Balloon Street in central Manchester to Radcliffe<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SAIL BARK MOSS <\/strong>and SAIL BARK ROCKS<\/strong> are found on Saddleworth <\/strong>Moor in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The names are recorded on the 1843 Ordnance Survey map and probably mean \u2018willow bark\u2019, from the Old English salh<\/em>, which means \u2018sallow or willow tree\u2019, + Old Norse b\u00f6rkr<\/em>, meaning \u2018bark\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ST ANN\u2019S SQUARE <\/strong>is a pedestrianised space in the centre of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is named after the nearby Anglican St Ann\u2019s<\/em> Church, which was completed in July 1712, but it also acknowledges the current monarch, Queen Ann <\/em>(1665-1714) and its patron, Lady Ann<\/em> Bland (1662-1734).\u00a0 The Act of Parliament that authorised the construction of the church stipulated that an adjacent area 30 yards wide should be set aside for a regular farmers\u2019 market for the buying and selling of animals in what was previously known as Acresfield.\u00a0 This name is thought to have been derived either from a 13th<\/sup>-century priest called Aca<\/em> or from the acre<\/em>age of the field<\/em>. The fair continued on the site until 1820.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ST GEORGE\u2019S<\/strong> is a residential and recreational area of Hulme<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from St George\u2019s<\/em> Church, built in 1826-1828 as one of 612 Anglican churches built across Britain to commemorate the Battle of Waterloo<\/strong> of 1815 and the end of the Napoleonic Wars.\u00a0 The church was closed in 1984 and converted into flats in 2000-2002, but the name lives on as the name of the district.\u00a0 The name was also celebrated in St George\u2019s Park in Hulme, but this was renamed Barrack Park<\/strong> in 1994.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ST GEORGE\u2019S PARK\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>BARRACK PARK<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ST JOHN\u2019S GARDENS <\/strong>is a park in central Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It lies on the site of the Anglican St John\u2019s<\/em> church and cemetery.\u00a0 The church was completed in 1769 but demolished in 1931.\u00a0 St John\u2019s Gardens were opened in 1932.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ST MARY\u2019S PARK, Prestwich<\/strong>, is a 6.8-hectare public amenity in the centre of Prestwich in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is laid out on land that formerly belonged to St Mary\u2019s Church<\/em> which was purchased by the local council in 1927 and formally opened to the public in 1931.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ST MARY\u2019S PARK, Walkden,<\/strong> is a 6.5-hectare playing ground in Walkden<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally established by a local colliery as an employees\u2019 recreation ground in 1842 and was opened to the public in 1894.\u00a0 There was no church in the vicinity in the 19th<\/sup> century but there are references to a chapel in Worsley going back to the 13th<\/sup> century and these may refer to the Church of St Mary the Virgin<\/em> in Ellenbrook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ST MICHAEL\u2019S FLAGS <\/strong>and ANGEL MEADOW PARK <\/strong>is a 3-hectare public park close to the centre of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name originates with St Michael and All Angels\u2019<\/em> Church, which was built in 1788-1789.\u00a0 By the mid-19th<\/sup> century the area was known for its poverty and disease, and the Manchester Guardian<\/em> wondered \u2018Why one of the ugliest churches in Manchester, situated in one of the most crowded and notorious parts of the city, should have so long enjoyed the pleasant sounding name St Michael\u2019s Angel Meadow is beyond understanding\u2019.\u00a0 In 1855 a law was passed to cover the graves with flagstones<\/em> to prevent people from digging up the soil to sell as fertilizer.\u00a0 The area was walled off in 1888 and Angel Meadow became a popular park and football pitch.\u00a0 The church was demolished in 1935 and since 2001 the area has undergone regeneration. See also<\/em> ANGEL MEADOW<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ST PETER\u2019S SQUARE<\/strong> is a public square in central Manchester<\/strong> named after St Peter\u2019s<\/em> Anglican church, which was built in 1788-1794.\u00a0 The area was originally known as St Peter\u2019s Field and was the site of the massacre on 16 August 1819 when yeomanry attacked a crowd of 60,000 protesters demanding the reform of the House of Commons.\u00a0 It is usually said that 18 people were killed and 700 injured.\u00a0 Five days later James Wroe, the editor of the Manchester Observer<\/em>, coined the term \u2018Peterloo\u2019 to compare the massacre with the Battle of Waterloo<\/strong>.\u00a0 In 1907 St Peter\u2019s church was demolished and St Peter\u2019s Square was laid out and was soon surrounded by large buildings \u2013 the Midland Hotel<\/strong> in 1898-1903, the YMCA in 1909, the Central Library in 1934 (painted by Lowry \u2013 see<\/em> Appendix 2) and the Town Hall Extension in 1938.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ST WERBURGH\u2019S ROAD<\/strong> is in Chorlton-cum-Hardy<\/strong> in the south of the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The road and the Metrolink tram stop take their name from the nearby St Werburgh\u2019s<\/em> church.\u00a0 The originally church dated back to the 7th<\/sup> century and was named after a Saxon abbess (AD 650-700) who became the patron saint of Chester.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SALE <\/strong>is a town in the Borough of Trafford<\/strong> on the south bank of the River Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally in Cheshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The town is said to date from the 7th<\/sup> or 8th<\/sup> century but it is not mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 and it is not recorded until about 1200.\u00a0 Its name comes from the Old English salh<\/em>, which means \u2018sallow or willow tree\u2019.\u00a0 Nearby is Sale Ees, derived from the Old English \u0113g<\/em>, meaning \u2018island\u2019, often a piece of firm land in an area liable to flooding by the Mersey.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SALEM <\/strong>is a residential area south-east of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area takes its name from a church founded in 1824 by members of the Moravian church at Fairfield<\/strong> in Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 Salem <\/em>is mentioned in the Bible (Genesis 14: 18) as form of Jerusalem<\/em> and means \u2018peace\u2019 in both Hebrew and Arabic.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SALE WATER PARK<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0is an area of parkland with an artificial lake and water sports centre in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was formed from a 35-metre-deep gravel pit excavated during the construction of the M60 motorway and opened in 1980.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SALFORD <\/strong>is a city and a metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was formerly in Lancashire<\/strong> and was created as a city in 1926.\u00a0 The name appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Salford, <\/em>meaning \u2018ford<\/em> across the River Irwell<\/strong> where sallow<\/em> or willow trees grow\u2019.\u00a0 The original ford was replaced by a bridge in the 14th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SALFORD QUAYS<\/strong> is a regeneration area of the former Manchester Docks in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 In 1984 Salford City Council purchased the docks from the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> Company and renamed it Salford Quays<\/em>, planning its redevelopment as a commercial, retail, media and residential area in the 1990s.\u00a0 The former wharves of the docks were given names that reflected the former trade links with North America \u2013 Huron Basin, Erie Basin, Ontario Basin, St Peter Basin, St Louis Basin, St Francis Basin, Winnipeg Quay, Vancouver Quay and Detroit Bridge.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SALTEYE BROOK <\/strong>is a short stream in Eccles<\/strong> and Barton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was originally a tributary of the River Irwell <\/strong>but now flows from the north into the Manchester<\/strong> Ship Canal<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1235 as Salteye<\/em> but its origin does not seem to have been documented.\u00a0 It may be that it means \u2018salt island\u2019 from Old English salt<\/em> + \u0113g<\/em> or \u012beg<\/em> (\u2018island, dry land in a marshy area\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The SALUTATION INN <\/strong>is a pub in Hulme<\/strong> dating back at least as far as 1844 in an area described by Mrs Gaskell as \u2018one of numerous similar streets of small monotonous-looking houses, in a suburb of the town.\u2019\u00a0 The word \u2018salutation\u2019 was originally a religious greeting but was used more generally for any kind of greeting by the time of Shakespeare in the 16th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Its claim to fame is that Charlotte Bront\u00eb stayed there in 1846 when she accompanied her father to Manchester<\/strong> for a cataract operation, describing it as \u2018a not-pleasant-at-all small brick house facing a timber yard.\u2019\u00a0 While staying there she started to write Jane Eyre<\/em>.\u00a0 Today it is owned by Manchester Metropolitan University.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SAM BAMFORD MEMORIAL <\/strong>is an obelisk monument in Middleton<\/strong> cemetery in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> that was erected in 1877 to commemorate Samuel Bamford<\/em> (1788-1872), a radical writer born in Middleton who was imprisoned for treason for his part in leading the Peterloo protests.\u00a0 The inscription on the obelisk reads, \u2018Bamford was a reformer when to be so was unsafe, and he suffered for his faith\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SANDBED <\/strong>is a residential area in Mossley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside.<\/strong>\u00a0 It was formerly in the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong> and was recorded as Sandybed-Yate<\/em> in 1726, but with its modern spelling in 1817.\u00a0 The name would seem to refer to the sandy<\/em> soil in the bed<\/em> of the nearby brook (see Brook Bottom<\/strong>), which flows into the River Tame<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SANDHILLS PARK <\/strong>is a 5.6-hectare public recreational area in Collyhurst<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the red sand<\/em>stone hill<\/em> or outcrop east of the River Irk<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area was used as a quarry and it is believed that the sandstone for Castlefield<\/strong>\u2019s Roman fort and Manchester Cathedral came from here. It was set aside as uncultivated green space in the 1970s and now forms part of the Victoria North<\/strong> regeneration.\u00a0 The name is relatively recent as it does not appear on 19th<\/sup>-century maps.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SANDYWARPS<\/strong> is part of a recently-built residential area in Irlam<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The development has several streets commemorating the Mersey & Irwell Navigation<\/strong> \u2013 Calamanco <\/strong>Way,<\/strong> Ferrymasters Way, Sandywarps, Strickens Lock Lane (named after Stickens or Stickings lock), and Powder Mill Close (from Powder Mill lock, which took its name from the nearby Thelwall Gunpowder Mill).\u00a0 Sandywarps lock was built in about 1760 to bypass a meander in the River Mersey below the confluence with the Irwell in the hamlet of Sandywarps.\u00a0 The name is not well documented.\u00a0 The first element is from the Old English sandig<\/em>, referring to the sandy soil which is so common \u2013 sand\/sandy is the most common first element in the street names of Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 Old English wearp<\/em> has several meanings but probably refers to the hairpin bend or \u2018warp\u2019 in the Mersey at this point.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SAXFIELD <\/strong>was a settlement in northern Cheshire<\/strong> that was absorbed into Wythenshawe<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong> in the 1930s and is now retained only as a street name.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1290 as Saxefeld<\/em>, meaning \u2018Saxons\u2019 open land\u2019, an area thought to have been occupied by Saxons<\/em> rather than Angles.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SCHOLES <\/strong>is an area of Wigan<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>. The name is first recorded as Scoles<\/em> in 1332 and comes from the Old Norse sk\u00e1li<\/em> or Old English scale<\/em>, meaning \u2018hut or temporary shelter\u2019, and is one of the few Norse names in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SCHOOL HILL<\/strong> is an area of Bolton <\/strong>that takes its name from the nearby St George\u2019s Church in Little Bolton.\u00a0 The church was consecrated on 19 August 1796 and an associated Church of England primary school<\/em> was built at a later date.\u00a0 The church was closed in 1975 but the bells were removed and transported to Wangaratta in Australia.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SCOTLAND <\/strong>and SCOTLAND BRIDGE\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>Scotland was originally an area on the north bank of the River Irk<\/strong> in central Manchester<\/strong> close to Victoria<\/strong> Station<\/strong>, but today all that remains is a street called Scotland and a bridge over the Irk.\u00a0 Various suggestions have been made as to the origin of the name:\u00a0 that Bonnie Prince Charlie camped his Scottish troops here during the Jacobite rebellion of 1745 or that it was used by 19th<\/sup>-century farmers who had brought their cattle from Scotland and grazed them here before selling them for slaughter.\u00a0 However, the name seems to be older than either of these suggestions as Scotland Bridge appears on a map of 1741.\u00a0 The most likely derivation is Middle English scot,<\/em> meaning \u2018tax, payment\u2019 + land<\/em> (\u2018land, area\u2019), and the explanation is that the banks of the Irk were used for grazing and fabric drying, and so a tax or tithe had to be paid to the landowners, i.e. they could not \u2018get away scot<\/em> free\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SCOT LANE END <\/strong>is a village south-east of Blackrod<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is literal \u2013 it lies at the top end<\/em> of Scot Lane<\/em> where it meets Manchester <\/strong>Road.\u00a0 The name is little-documented before the opening of Scot Lane Colliery in the 1850s but there are several possible explanations for the name:\u00a0 Scot Lane might have been used as part of a road from Scotland, it might have been used as a route from Aspull<\/strong> to Little Scotland<\/strong>, which lies north-west of Blackrod, or it may have been a road that charged a scot<\/em> (i.e. a payment or toll) for its use.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SCOTMAN\u2019S FLASH<\/strong> or SCOTSMAN\u2019S FLASH <\/strong>is one of several man-made lakes (flashes<\/em>) in the Wigan Flashes Local Nature<\/strong> Reserve<\/strong>, most of which were created by mining subsidence at the turn of the 20th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The origin of the name is uncertain.\u00a0 One local account mentions that two Scotsmen <\/em>drowned in the lake at one point.\u00a0 Perhaps more convincing are newspaper reports from 1895 and 1902 suggesting that winter sports were popular in the area and curling was introduced on the frozen lake by Scotsmen<\/em> living in nearby Worsley Mesnes<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SCOUTHEAD<\/strong> is a village on the edge of Saddleworth<\/strong> moor in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1625 and means \u2018the head of a promontory\u2019, from Old Norse sk\u00fati<\/em> (\u2018a projecting or overhanging rock\u2019) + Old English heafod<\/em> or Old Norse hofuth<\/em> (\u2018head, headland\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SEDDON\u2019S FOLD <\/strong>or SEDDON FOLD <\/strong>is an area in Prestolee<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong> in a tongue of land formed where the Irwell<\/strong> and Croal<\/strong> join.\u00a0 The name comes from Seddon<\/em> farm, which dates from the late 15th<\/sup> century, and it is known that it was owned by Ralph Seddon <\/em>in 1553.\u00a0 Seddon Fold Bridge dates from the building of the Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal, which was completed in 1796.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SEDGLEY PARK <\/strong>is a suburban area of Prestwich<\/strong> in Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was formerly part of Lancashire<\/strong> but early occurrences of the name are not well documented.\u00a0 It is said to mean a swampy area surrounded by woodland, from the Old English\u00a0secg<\/em>,\u00a0\u2018sedge, reed, rush\u2019 + l\u0113ah, <\/em>\u2018wood, clearing\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SEEDFIELD <\/strong>is a residential area north of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is found in about 1850, when Seedfield House<\/em> or Seedfields<\/em> was built as a mansion with extensive grounds, although it was probably taken from an earlier farm in the area.\u00a0 The name is probably literal:\u00a0 a field<\/em> where seeds<\/em> were found or grown, perhaps flax or hemp seeds for the local textile industry.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SEEDLEY<\/strong> is a suburb of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1876, when Seedley Park was opened as a public park, followed by Seedley Park station, opened by the London & North Western Railway in May 1882.\u00a0 The origin of the name is uncertain but may be Old English set<\/em>, meaning \u2018home\u2019 or \u2018stable\u2019 + l\u0113ah, <\/em>\u2018wood, clearing\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SEVEN ACRES COUNTRY PARK <\/strong>is a 32-hectare nature reserve about 3.25 kilometres east of Bolton<\/strong> town centre.\u00a0 It was originally an agricultural area, some or all of which was known as Kindor Bank after John Kindor (1728-1801), the local farmer.\u00a0 The area was recorded on a map of 1764.\u00a0 Its area of 32 hectares equates to 79 acres, and the 7 acres in the name of the park is derived from the area of water that was available to feed a mediaeval corn mill and, much later, the bleaching industry.\u00a0 The area was designated as a country park in 2004.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SEYMOUR PARK <\/strong>is a 6-hectare recreational area south of Old Trafford<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is laid out on land given by Sir Thomas Seymour<\/em> Mead in 1906 for recreational use for dogs and children.\u00a0 It is located beside Seymour Grove, a major road through the area that was named by and for Sir Thomas, a local millionaire who owned a chain of grocery stores across the north west of England.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHADOW MOSS<\/strong>\u00a0is an area in south-eastern Wythenshawe<\/strong> in the City of Manchester, <\/strong>formerly in Cheshire.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name is first recorded in the early 13th<\/sup> century as Shadoke<\/em>\u00a0mosse<\/em>, meaning \u2018the oak at the boundary of the bog\u2019, referring perhaps to a tree that marked the boundary between Macclesfield and Bucklow<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is derived from Old English scead<\/em> (\u2018boundary\u2019) + ac<\/em> (\u2018oak tree\u2019) + moss<\/em> (\u2018bog, swamp\u2019).\u00a0 In time the name became rationalised to Shadow Moss, which is recorded from 1613.\u00a0 It seems quite likely that pubs or restaurants called \u2018Shady Oak\u2019 may also celebrate boundary oaks rather than shady spots under tall trees.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHAKERLEY<\/strong> is a north-western suburb of Tyldesley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1210 as Shakerlee<\/em> and means \u2018robber\u2019s clearing\u2019 from the Old English sc\u0113acere<\/em> (\u2018robber\u2019) + l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018clearing, glade\u2019).\u00a0 The second element refers to a clearing in the surrounding oak forest but nothing is known of the robber after whom the place is named.\u00a0 Shakerley lends its name to Shakerley Brook, a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHAMBLES SQUARE<\/strong> is a pedestrianised area beside the cathedral in central Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was laid out in 1999, when the Old Wellington<\/strong> Inn, which dates from 1552 but was renamed in 1845, was moved there after the 1996 IRA bombing.\u00a0 The name celebrates the Old Shambles<\/em> area, which is recorded in 1657 as the \u2018flesh shambles\u2019.\u00a0 It is derived from the Middle English flesshchameles,<\/em> meaning \u2018place where meat is sold\u2019 and provides the name for \u2018Shambles\u2019 in other towns and cities in England, notably York.\u00a0 A schamel<\/em> was a bench for displaying butchers\u2019 meat.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHARON <\/strong>is small residential area on the southern edge of Grasscroft<\/strong> in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The origin of the name is uncertain but it is sometimes said to be Biblical, from the plain of Sharon<\/em> in Israel noted for its cattle grazing (1 Chronicles 27: 29) and flowers (Song of Solomon 2: 1).\u00a0 There are a number of Biblical place names in the north of the county, mostly dating from the spread of non-conformist churches at the beginning of the 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1832 but I can find no record of a non-conformist community in the area at that time, although Sharon formed part of the parish of St Anne, Lydgate<\/strong>, whose Anglican church was built in 1787-88. \u00a0It should also be noted that two of the streets in Sharon are Sharon<\/em> Avenue and Charlotte Lane, and so the original settlement may simply have been named after a family member of a landowner or builder.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHARPLES<\/strong> is a residential area of Bolton<\/strong> on the River Tonge<\/strong>, about 4 kilometres north of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1212 as Charples<\/em> and with its modern spelling in 1259.\u00a0 The area features a steep hill and the name may be derived from this sense of Old English scearp<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018pointed; steep\u2019) + l\u0101s<\/em> (\u2018meadow\u2019) or l\u0113as<\/em> (\u2018woods; meadows\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHARSTON<\/strong>\u00a0is a residential area and industrial estate in Wythenshawe<\/strong> in the south of the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century as Sharston<\/em>, meaning \u2018notched stone\u2019, from Old English scearda<\/em> (\u2018notched\u2019) + st\u0101n <\/em>(\u2018stone\u2019).\u00a0 The name is a reference to a glacial boulder called the Shar Stone<\/em> in nearby Northenden<\/strong>.\u00a0 This was moved to its present location in 1892 but its previous history has not been ascertained.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHAW <\/strong>is part of the district of Shaw and Crompton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, which lies on the River Beal<\/strong> about 14 kilometres north-east of Manchester <\/strong>city centre. Shaw is recorded in 1555 as Shaghe<\/em>, meaning \u2018copse, small wood\u2019, from Old English sceaga<\/em>.\u00a0 \u00a0Slightly to the south-west are Shaw Side and Shaw Edge.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHAWCLOUGH<\/strong> is a residential area of Rochdale<\/strong>, north of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the early 19th<\/sup> century, when Shawclough<\/em> Brook, a tributary of the River Spodden<\/strong>, provided water power for felt and textile mills on its banks.\u00a0 Shawclough Mill itself was established in 1869 but the name of the stream is probably much older.\u00a0 It means \u2018wooded valley\u2019, from Old English sceaga<\/em> (\u2018small wood, copse\u2019) + cl\u014dh<\/em> (\u2018deep valley\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHAWFIELD <\/strong>is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, north-west of Rochdale town centre.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1561 as Shagfeld<\/em>, meaning \u2018copse in or beside open land\u2019 from Old English sceaga<\/em> + feld<\/em>.\u00a0 It originally developed along Shawfield Lane, which was described as a right of way for \u2018horsemen and fotemen, cart and carriage\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHAWHALL, Hyde, <\/strong>is a residential area in Lower Matley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1845 as Shaw Hole<\/em> but with its modern spelling by 1860.\u00a0 The meaning could be \u2018hollow beside a small wood\u2019, from the Old English sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse, small wood\u2019) + hol <\/em>(\u2018hollow\u2019), and it has been suggested that the hollow could have been a stone quarry or coal mine.\u00a0 Another possibility is that is an eponym, taking its name from the Shaw<\/em> family, who built most of the properties in the Newton <\/strong>area in the 19th<\/sup> century, including Shawhall Mill, which is known to have been in operation by 1818.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHAW HALL, Oldham, <\/strong>is, with SHAW HALL BANK<\/strong>, an area of Grasscroft<\/strong> and Greenfield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Shaw Hall<\/em>, a country house built in the early 14th<\/sup> century by the Shaw<\/em> family.\u00a0 It is said it may have been demolished in the 1790s and the Farrars Arms, a pub that is still in use, built on the site.\u00a0 However, the pub claims to date from 1702 and so the dates don\u2019t fit.\u00a0 A \u2018farrar\u2019 is an old term for a farrier, a maker and fitter of horseshoes, as is shown by the horseshoes in the coat of arms on the pub sign.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHAW HEATH<\/strong> is a suburb of Stockport<\/strong>, south of the main town centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1712 and means \u2018copse heath\u2019 from Old English sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse, small wood\u2019) + h\u01e3th<\/em> (\u2018heath, uncultivated land\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHELDERSLOW <\/strong>is a hamlet in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, formerly in the West Riding of<\/strong> Yorkshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It appears in the early 14th<\/sup> century as a family name, Childreslaue<\/em>, and as the place name in 1531 as Skelderslow<\/em>, from the Old Norse skjaldari<\/em> (\u2018shield maker\u2019) + Old English hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em> (\u2018mound, hillock\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHENA SIMON COLLEGE <\/strong>was built in central Manchester<\/strong> in 1897-1901 as the Central Higher Grade School but was renamed Shena Simon College in 1982 after Shena Simon<\/em> (1883-1972), the Labour politician, feminist and mayoress of Manchester who had much to do with the planning of Wythenshawe<\/strong>.\u00a0 The college closed in September 2025 and it is planned to convert it into a hotel.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHEVINGTON<\/strong> is a village on the north bank of the River Douglas <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, about 5 kilometres west of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1225 as Shefinton<\/em>, meaning \u2018the settlement at Chevin\u2019, derived from the Celtic cevn<\/em> or cefn<\/em>, meaning \u2018ridge\u2019 + Old English t\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018enclosure, farmstead, village\u2019).\u00a0 The name refers to a nearby ridge of high ground on the edge of Shevington Moor.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHOLVER<\/strong> is a residential area of Oldham<\/strong>, about 3.5 kilometres north-east of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1202 as Solhher<\/em> and with its modern spelling from 1278.\u00a0 It is said to mean \u2018sloping hill pasture or temporary hut\u2019, from the Old English sceolh<\/em> (\u2018twisted, sloping\u2019) + Old Norse erg<\/em> or \u01e3rgi<\/em> (\u2018temporary hut, hill pasture\u2019).\u00a0 The name refers to the steeply-sloping ground nearby and the Norse practice of building temporary huts or shielings in hill pastures.\u00a0 Alternatively, the name could be an eponym meaning Skjolgr<\/em>\u2019s pasture.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHOOTERS BROOK <\/strong>is a minor tributary of the River Medlock<\/strong> in central Manchester<\/strong> that is now fully culverted beneath Store Street<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises in Newton Heath<\/strong> and flows south-west to join the Medlock in what used to be called Garret<\/strong> (or Garratt) close to Brook Street, which derives its name from Shooters Brook.\u00a0 The name is recorded in AD 967 as Scytres<\/em>, from the Old English scite<\/em>, meaning \u2018dirt, dung\u2019.\u00a0 It was a pleasant meadow waterway whose name had been sanitised to \u2018Shooters Brook\u2019 in the 18th<\/sup> century but had become heavily industrialised and polluted by the end of the century, and became known as \u201cShitters\u2019 Brook\u201d, thus returning to its Old English origin.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHORE<\/strong> is a village north-west of Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded with its modern spelling in 1324 and means \u2018dangerous slope\u2019 from Old English scora<\/em>.\u00a0 The reference is to the steep hillside nearby.\u00a0 Shore gives its name to Shore Lane Brook, which flows west above Whittaker <\/strong>golf course to meet Hollingworth Brook, which then empties into Hollingworth Lake<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHORE EDGE <\/strong>is a hamlet overlooking Shaw<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> on the edge of Crompton<\/strong> Moor.\u00a0 The land east of Shaw rises to a height of 391 metres and this explains the name Shore Edge, which has little to do with either Shaw or the modern meaning of \u2018shore\u2019.\u00a0 The name means \u2018the edge or escarpment (Old English ecg<\/em>) of a dangerous slope (Old English scora<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHORESWORTH<\/strong> is an ancient part of Pendlebury<\/strong> on the banks of the River Irwell<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>, although the name seems to have fallen out of use in the 20th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It is recorded in about 1085 as Scoreswurthin<\/em>, meaning \u2018settlement on a steep slope\u2019, from the Old English scora<\/em> (\u2018dangerous or steep slope\u2019) + worth<\/em> (\u2018enclosure; settlement\u2019), referring to the bank or shore of the Irwell.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHUDEHILL<\/strong> is an area in central Manchester<\/strong> around Shudehill<\/em> Street that was originally known as Withy Grove (i.e. willow grove).\u00a0 The present name dates from 1554 and seems to be taken from the word shude<\/em> meaning \u2018the husk of oats\u2019, but the reason for this has not been established. \u00a0Richard Arkwright\u2019s Shudehill Mill of 1782 is said to have been the first steam-powered cotton mill in Manchester.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SHUTTLEWORTH<\/strong> is a village north-east of Ramsbottom<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1227 as Suttelsworth<\/em>, meaning \u2018barred or gated enclosure\u2019, from the Old English scyttels<\/em> (\u2018a bar; a barred-gate\u2019) + worth<\/em> (\u2018enclosure; settlement\u2019).\u00a0 The village gives its name to Shuttleworth Brook, a tributary of Cross Bank Brook<\/strong>, which is itself a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SIDDAL MOOR <\/strong>is an area south of Heywood <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1548 as Sydall<\/em>, meaning \u2018wide nook moor\u2019, from Old English s<\/em>\u012bd<\/em> (\u2018wide\u2019) + halh<\/em> (\u2018nook, corner of land\u2019) + m<\/em>\u014dr.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SIDDOW COMMON <\/strong>is an industrial area south of Leigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the early 14th<\/sup> century as Sydale<\/strong>, meaning \u2018wide nook\u2019, from Old English s<\/em>\u012bd<\/em> (\u2018wide\u2019) + halh<\/em> (\u2018nook, corner of land\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SIDE OF THE MOOR <\/strong>or SIDE O\u2019 TH\u2019 MOOR <\/strong>is a hamlet north of Harwood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 1841 census and the first Ordnance Survey map of the area of 1848-50 labels Side o\u2019 th\u2019 Moor Colliery (also known as Hardie\u2019s Colliery).\u00a0 The meaning is quite literal \u2013 the settlement on the side<\/em> of Harwood<\/strong> Moor<\/em>, which is part of the West Pennines<\/strong> Moors.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SIMISTER <\/strong>is a suburb of Bury<\/strong>, south-east of the main town centre.\u00a0 The name is an eponym, taking the name of a James Simister<\/em> or Somister (1722?-1780), who had an estate and three farms in the area at the beginning of the 18th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SIMPSON CLOUGH <\/strong>is hamlet north of Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitans Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the deep valley (Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>) through which Naden Brook<\/strong> and Cheesden Brook<\/strong> flow to meet the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears in parish records in 1773 and is eponymous \u2013 \u2018the valley owned or occupied by someone called Simpson<\/em> (the son of Simon)\u2019, but nothing more is known of the Simpson family.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SIMON\u2019S BRIDGE<\/strong> is a footbridge across the River Mersey<\/strong> in Didsbury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 1901 as a gift to the people of Didsbury from Henry Simon<\/em> (1835-1899), a German-born engineer who came to Manchester<\/strong> in 1860 and founded a company manufacturing industrial equipment.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SINDERLAND GREEN<\/strong> is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> that was formerly part of Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Sundreland<\/em>, when it was said to be unpopulated.\u00a0 The spelling and origin are shared with Sunderland in Tyne and Wear, but its modern spelling is found from 1639.\u00a0 It is derived from the Old English sundor-land<\/em>, meaning \u2018private land; land set aside for some particular purpose\u2019, although it is unclear what that purpose may have been and it may simply refer to its status as private land.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SINDSLEY<\/strong> is a suburb of north-west Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name seems to be falling into disuse but is retained in Sindsley Brook (<\/strong>a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong>), which forms the boundary between Worsley <\/strong>and Swinton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1758, when it was recorded as Singeley<\/em>.\u00a0 The modern spelling was in use by 1832, when Sindsley Mills were built in Swinton.\u00a0 The origin seems unclear, but it may be derived from Old English scingol<\/em>, meaning \u2018a shingle; roofing tile\u2019, or schingled<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018having a shingled roof\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SINGLETON BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises in Kersal <\/strong>in the City of Salford<\/strong>, then flows south-west, forming the historic boundary between Prestwich <\/strong>and Salford<\/strong>, and meets the Irwell in Agecroft<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but there is known to have been a settlement in or near Prestwich called Singleton in the 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 Elsewhere in Lancashire Singleton means \u2018a settlement with shingled roofs\u2019, from Old English scingol<\/em>, meaning \u2018a shingle; roofing tile\u2019, + t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018enclosure, village\u2019).\u00a0 It is also possible that this Singleton was named after a local family.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SLACK BROOK <\/strong>is a short tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises in Pendlebury<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>, flows south-east and joins the Irwell a little upstream from the Agecroft<\/strong> Road Bridge near Rainsough<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but is probably derived from the Old Norse slakke<\/em> or Middle English slack<\/em>, meaning \u2018a small valley\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SLACKCOTE<\/strong> is a village in the Saddleworth <\/strong>district of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the building of Slackcote wool mill in 1780-1781 but is almost certainly far older.\u00a0 It is derived from the Old Norse slakke<\/em>, meaning \u2018shallow depression\u2019, + dialect cote<\/em> (\u2018shed, temporary shelter for animals or tools\u2019).\u00a0 There are a number of other places across north-west England derived from slakke <\/em>and most are recorded from the 13th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SLADE HALL <\/strong>is a country house in Rusholme<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong> that gives its name to the surrounding area that is sometimes known as Slade.\u00a0 The original house dated from about 1160 but the present one was built by Edward Siddall in 1585, making it probably the oldest house in Manchester.\u00a0 The house is recorded in 1322 as Milkewalslade<\/em>, meaning \u2018the valley with the milky spring or well\u2019, from Old English meoluc<\/em> (\u2018milk\u2019) + w\u00e6lla <\/em>(\u2018well, spring\u2019) + sl\u0153d<\/em> (\u2018valley, glade\u2019).\u00a0 By 1600, the name was reduced simply to Slade.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SLADEN <\/strong>is a hamlet near Summit<\/strong> in Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> on the Rochdale Canal.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1246 as Slaneden<\/em>, although the exact derivation and meaning are uncertain.\u00a0 One possibility is that it means \u2018the pasture in the valley\u2019, from Old English denn<\/em> (\u2018woodland pasture\u2019) + sl\u0153d<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SLATTOCKS <\/strong>is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, south of the main town centre.\u00a0 The name is not well documented and there are differing theories about its origin.\u00a0 One is that the second element is ac<\/em>, meaning \u2018oak tree\u2019, but with no plausible explanation for the first element.\u00a0 Perhaps more convincing is that the name means \u2018small valley\u2019, from the Old English sl\u0153d<\/em> (\u2018valley, glade\u2019) + oc<\/em> (\u2018small\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SLADES <\/strong>is an area in the west of Saddleworth <\/strong>Moor in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> where several places with the name are found \u2013 Slades Rocks, Slades Pits and Slades Barn, all accessed from Slades Lane.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1817 and means \u2018valleys\u2019, from Old English sl<\/em>\u00e6d<\/em>, referring to the valleys of the streams in the area, such as Broadstone Brook<\/strong> and Royle Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SMALLBRIDGE<\/strong> is a residential area on the River Roch<\/strong> outside Rochdale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1843 and is explained by its growth around a small bridge<\/em> over the River Roch.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SMALLSHAW <\/strong>is a residential area of Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, north-east of the town centre.\u00a0 There are several places in England called \u2018Smallshaw\u2019, all meaning \u2018small copse\u2019, from the Old English smael<\/em> (\u2018small, narrow\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse, wood\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SMALLSHAW BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Spodden <\/strong>that rises north-east of Catley Lane Head<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and flows south-east through Smallshaw Wood to join the Spodden.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the 20th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It is derived from Old English smael<\/em> (\u2018small, narrow\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse, wood\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SMEDLEY <\/strong>is a suburb of Manchester<\/strong>, north-east of the city centre, where, according to Isabella Banks in her novel The Manchester Man<\/em> of 1876, \u201cthe Irk <\/strong>was clear and bright\u201d.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Smedelegh<\/em> in 1226 and with its modern spelling in 1282.\u00a0 It probably derives from Old English smith<\/em> (\u2018blacksmith\u2019) + l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018clearing, glade\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SMITHFIELD MARKET<\/strong> was a large market in Shudehill<\/strong> in central Manchester<\/strong>, east of the city centre in what is now the Northern Quarter<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was started in about 1820 and given its name in 1822.\u00a0 It may have been named directly after Smithfield<\/em> Market in London, which dates from 1174, but by the mid-17th<\/sup> century the word was more widely used for any cattle market.\u00a0 The original Manchester market was covered in 1853 and was nearly 2 hectares in area by the end of the 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It was closed in 1972 and New Smithfield Market was built in Openshaw<\/strong>, but one building was preserved and is now Mackie\u2019s Mayor<\/strong> food hall and retail outlet.\u00a0 Smithfield is derived from the Old English smeeth <\/em>(\u2018smooth\u2019) + feld<\/em> (\u2018field\u2019), i.e. a flat field where animals can be kept and fattened before being sold or slaughtered.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SMITHILLS <\/strong>is a residential area of Bolton<\/strong>, 5 kilometres north-west of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1322 as Smythell<\/em>, meaning \u2018smooth hills\u2019, from Old English sm\u0113the<\/em> + hyll<\/em>, referring to the moorland landscape.\u00a0 Smithills Hall dates from the 14th<\/sup> century and was purchased by Bolton Corporation in 1938 and opened to the public as a museum.\u00a0 The estate is now an 809-hectare country park, which was opened to the public in 2016.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SMITHY BRIDGE<\/strong> is a suburb of Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1841 and its location on the Rochdale Canal explains its name \u2013 a bridge<\/em> over the canal with a smithy<\/em> nearby for canal boats and the horses that towed them.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SMITHY BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Douglas<\/strong> that rises in Poolstock<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan <\/strong>and flows north-east to meet Poolstock Brook, which then flows north-west to meet the Douglas south of Wigan.\u00a0 Presumably it is named after a local smithy<\/em> or blacksmith working beside the brook<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SMITHY GREEN <\/strong>is a place name found in many places across England meaning \u2018the green where the smithy is found\u2019, from the Middle English smithie<\/em> (\u2018smithy, smith\u2019s workshop\u2019) + gr\u0113n <\/em>(\u2018field, village green\u2019).\u00a0 Smithy Green in Cheadle Hulme<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> is recorded from 1844.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SNAPE HILL <\/strong>is a wooded hill on the edge of the west Pennine<\/strong> moors in Whitefield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> that gives its name to the 41-hectare Snape Hill Wood.\u00a0 Snape Hill<\/em> Farm is recorded before 1730 and probably means \u2018the hill with poor pasture\u2019, from Old Norse snap<\/em> or Old English sn<\/em>\u00e6p<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SNYDALE<\/strong> is a residential area of Westhoughton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1212 as Slinehal<\/em> but it is spelled Snythehill<\/em> with an N by 1278.\u00a0 This difference of spelling makes any derivation difficult \u2013 the second element is Old English hyll<\/em>, referring to the nearby Snydale Hill and the first element may be snite<\/em> or snyde<\/em>, meaning \u2018snipe\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SOURACRE<\/strong> is a village north of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name is recorded in the early 13th<\/sup> century and means \u2018muddy field or field covered with excrement\u2019 from Old Norse saurr<\/em> or Middle English sour<\/em> + Old English aecer<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SOUTH BROOK, SOUTH CLOUGH <\/strong>and SOUTH CLOUGH MOSS \u00a0\u00a0South Brook <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> which rises on Broadhead Moss<\/strong> in the Peak District <\/strong>National Park in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows north-west below South Clough Moss through South Clough to meet North Brook<\/strong> and then join Diggle<\/strong> Brook, which then joins the Tame near Diggle.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1468 as Southclogh-hede<\/em>, meaning \u2018the top or head<\/em> (Old English heafod<\/em>) of the south (s<\/em>\u016bth<\/em>) ravine (cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SOUTH REDDISH \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> REDDDISH<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SPA BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises on Castleshaw<\/strong> Moor in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>and flows south through Spa Clough into Castleshaw Upper Reservoir.\u00a0 The origin and date seem to be undocumented but places named \u2018spa\u2019 are fairly common in what was the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong>, mostly dating from the mid-19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 They are often located near places called \u2018spring\u2019 and \u2018spout\u2019, making a transfer from the Belgian town of Spa<\/em> quite possible.\u00a0 According to the Oxford English Dictionary<\/em>, the first use of spa<\/em> in English was in 1565.\u00a0 The etymology of the Belgian watering-place is uncertain but is generally thought to come from the Latin spargere<\/em>, meaning \u2018sprinkle, moisten\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SPINNINGFIELDS<\/strong> is an area of central Manchester <\/strong>west of Deansgate<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 The name appears on a 1772 map of Manchester.\u00a0 Many of the streets were originally named \u2018fields\u2019 and Spinningfields was named for the dominant occupation of the textile works who lived there.\u00a0 In the 19th<\/sup> century, Spinningfields was renowned as a place of grime and crime, but, after the IRA bombing of 1996, it was designated for regeneration.\u00a0 In 2013, much of the area was bought up and developed into a residential, retail and financial district.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River SPODDEN<\/strong> or SPODDEN BROOK<\/strong> is a river that rises on Shawforth Moor in Lancashire<\/strong> and flows 12 kilometres to join the River Roch<\/strong> in Spotland<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century as Spotbrok<\/em> but its modern spelling is found from 1577.\u00a0 The derivation is uncertain but may be Middle English spoute<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a spout, a gutter, the mouth of a water-pipe\u2019), so that the meaning might be \u2018spouting brook\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SPOTLAND<\/strong> is an area of Rochdale<\/strong> on the River Spodden<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 Spotland <\/em>is first recorded in about 1180 and may just mean \u2018a spot or small piece of land\u2019, but, perhaps more likely, it may take its name from the River Spodden<\/em>, which flows through Spotland, where it joins the River Roch.<\/strong>\u00a0 The Spodden<\/strong> is said to take its name from the Middle English spoute<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a spout, a gutter, the mouth of a water-pipe\u2019), so that Spotland would mean \u2018the land beside the spouting brook\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SPRINGFIELD PARK<\/strong>\u00a0is a 17-hectare public park in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was donated to the borough of Rochdale by Frederick Lye (1860-1948) in order to provide a municipal golf course, which was duly opened on 2 April 1927.\u00a0 The name Springfield came from Springfield House<\/em> and the Springfield Estate<\/em> on which the park and golf course were laid out.\u00a0 The exact derivation of the name in this location has not been ascertained, but Springfield<\/em> is a common place name found in many parts of Britain and usually literally means \u2018a field with a spring\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SPRINGHEAD <\/strong>is now a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, east of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1894, when an urban district was created with the name \u2018Springhead\u2019 rather than \u2018Quickmere<\/strong>\u2019, which had previously been used.\u00a0 It is said that the name came from a house in the village named Springhead House because it had a spring in the garden, and the name came to be applied to the whole village.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SPRING MILL RESERVOIR <\/strong>was built in the late 1880s to supply water to Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is fed from the north by Prickshaw Brook<\/strong> in Rossendale in Lancashire<\/strong>, and Prickshaw Brook then flows out from the south to join the River Spodden, <\/strong>which forms the boundary between Lancashire and Greater Manchester<\/strong> at this point.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 It takes its name from Spring Mill<\/em>, a fulling mill probably built in the late 18th<\/sup> or early 19th<\/sup> century, which was presumably flooded when the reservoir was built.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SPRING VIEW <\/strong>is a residential area south of Ince-in-Makerfield <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is quite literal as it overlooks the area south-east of Wigan known as \u2018Springs<\/em>\u2019, which has many wells and springs, some of which supplied drinking water in the 19th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It is not known when the name came into use, but the Wigan Branch Railway Act of 1830 authorised the Northern Union Railway\u2019s Springs<\/em> branchline, which connected to the collieries of the area, including Springs Colliery, when it opened in the early 1840s.\u00a0 See also<\/em> NEW SPRINGS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STABLE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises on Rocher<\/strong> Moss on the edge of the Peak District<\/strong> National Park.\u00a0 It flows south-west through Stable Clough<\/em> to meet Diggle<\/strong> Brook, which then flows west to meet the Tame near Diggle in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Stable Clough<\/em> is recorded in about 1272 as Stabliclough<\/em>, meaning \u2018the deep valley (Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>) where there are stables<\/em> (Middle English stable<\/em>) or shelter for domestic or farm animals (not necessarily horses)\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STAKEHILL<\/strong> or STAKE HILL <\/strong>and HIGHER STAKE HILL <\/strong>are commercial and industrial areas of the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, north-west of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1246 as Stakehull <\/em>and with its modern spelling in 1322.\u00a0 It literally means \u2018a hill where a stake is found\u2019, from Old English staca<\/em> + hyll<\/em>.\u00a0 The name is also common in West Yorkshire<\/strong> and it has been suggested that the stake refers to a boundary marker.\u00a0 Stakehill is one of the sites of Atom Valley<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STALYBRIDGE<\/strong> is a town on the River Tame <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, about 13 kilometres east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 It is recorded with its modern spelling in 1687 and simply means \u2018the bridge over the River Tame at Stayley<\/strong>\u2019.\u00a0 The hamlet of Stayley<\/em> is much older, recorded in the early 13th<\/sup> century as Stavelegh<\/em>, meaning \u2018clearing where staves are found or made\u2019, from Old English st\u00e6f<\/em> (\u2018staff, stave\u2019) + l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STAMFORD PARK<\/strong> is a 26-hectare public park on the borders of Stalybridge<\/strong> and Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The land on which it stands was acquired in 1688 by the Earl of Stamford<\/em>.\u00a0 In 1872 local mill workers purchased some of the estate and the Earl of Stamford also donated some land.\u00a0 The park was opened to the public on 12 July 1873, retaining the earl\u2019s title of Stamford<\/em>, which originally came from the town in Leicestershire meaning \u2019stone (Old English st\u0101n<\/em>) ford\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STAND <\/strong>is a residential area of Whitefield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but comes from the old English stand<\/em>, meaning \u2018a stand, a place from which to observe game\u2019.\u00a0 This refers to Stand\u2019s position overlooking Pilkington<\/strong> Deer Park (now Philips Park<\/strong>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STANDEDGE <\/strong>is a gritstone escarpment in the Pennines<\/strong> between West Yorkshire<\/strong> and the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 There has been a moorland crossing at Standedge since Roman times but it presented a major barrier to modern forms of communication.\u00a0 The Huddersfield Narrow Canal opened a tunnel under Standedge in 1811 which is still the highest and longest canal tunnel in Britain.\u00a0 The London & North Western Railway built three tunnels through Standedge in 1848, 1871 and 1894 to connect Manchester with Huddersfield.\u00a0 The name derives from the Old English st<\/em>\u0101n <\/em>+ ecg<\/em>, meaning \u2018stony edge\u2019, accurately describing Standedge as a \u2018stony escarpment\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STANDISH <\/strong>is a village on the River Douglas<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, north-west of the town centre, that was part of Lancashire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1178 as Stanesdis<\/em>, from the Old English st\u0101n<\/em> (\u2018stone\u2019) + edisc<\/em> (\u2018enclosure\u2019), so the meaning would be \u2018stony enclosure\u2019, probably for keeping cattle or, more likely, deer.\u00a0 See also<\/em> LANGTREE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STANLEY GREEN <\/strong>is a trading estate in Cheadle <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as early as 1831 and is taken from the Stanley<\/em> family of nearby Handforth in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 <\/strong>Stanley<\/em> as a forename or family name is ultimately derived from the Old English place name St\u0101n-l\u0113ah<\/em>, meaning \u2018stony wood or clearing where stone is found\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STANNEY BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong> which rises in Burnedge<\/strong> and flows north through Milnrow <\/strong>and Rochdale<\/strong> to join the Roch at Newbold<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1294 as Stonneybeck<\/em>, meaning \u2018stony stream\u2019, from Old English stanig<\/em> + Old Norse bekkr<\/em>.\u00a0 This use of beck<\/em> is almost unique in Greater Manchester<\/strong> and the more common Old English br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em> replaced it during mediaeval times.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STANYCLIFFE <\/strong>is a suburb of Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>, north of the town centre on Whit Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century as Stanicliffe<\/em>, meaning \u2018stony river bank\u2019, from Old English st<\/em>\u0101n<\/em> + clif<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STARLING <\/strong>is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>, west of the main town centre.\u00a0 It stands at the junction of an old Roman road from Manchester<\/strong> to the town of Ribchester in Lancashire<\/strong> and the 1836 turnpike from Ainsworth<\/strong> to Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not documented but at the beginning of the 19th<\/sup> century Starling and a row of houses named \u2018Linnet Hall\u2019 stood at the road junction, suggesting that the village was named after the bird \u2013 both starlings<\/em> and linnets are native to this part of north-west England.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STAYLEY <\/strong>is or was the original area from which Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> gets its name.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1272 as Stauley<\/em> and the modern spelling is found in 1560.\u00a0 It means \u2018place where the wood for staves is found\u2019 and it shares its derivation with that of Stalybridge – Old English st\u00e6f<\/em> (\u2018staff, stave\u2019) + l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STEPHENSON\u2019S BRIDGE, Castlefield<\/strong> is the first of several railway bridges in Manchester <\/strong>and Salford<\/strong> built by George Stephenson<\/em> (1781-1848).\u00a0 It was completed in August 1830 to carry the Liverpool & Manchester Railway over the River Irwell <\/strong>into Liverpool Road<\/strong>, the original eastern terminus of the line.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STEPHENSON\u2019S BRIDGE, Victoria Station <\/strong>is one of several railway bridges in Manchester<\/strong> and Salford<\/strong> built by the \u2018Father of Railways\u2019, George Stephenson<\/em> (1781-1848).\u00a0 In 1844 Stephenson engineered the Manchester & Leeds Railway\u2019s route from Victoria Station<\/strong> east to the city of Leeds.\u00a0 The lines into Victoria were carried over Victoria Street on Stephenson\u2019s Bridge, which in 1884 was incorporated into the longest railway platform in Europe, which connected Victoria with the new Exchange Station<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STEPPING HILL<\/strong> was a district south-east of Stockport<\/strong> in the 19th<\/sup> century but in 1901-1905 Stepping Hill hospital was built on the site.\u00a0 It appears as a farm on early maps, extending north-east of its present location.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but seems to mean a hill <\/em>with a set of stepping<\/em> stones or a set of steps.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STEVENSON SQUARE <\/strong>is a pedestrianised public space in central Manchester<\/strong> in what is now the Northern Quarter<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from William Stevenson<\/em>, a property speculator who purchased 10 hectares of land in 1780.\u00a0 His aim was to create an elegant suburb by selling plots to other wealthy developers, who often named streets after themselves.\u00a0 Stevenson Square became a focus for radical politics in the 19th<\/sup> and early 20th<\/sup> centuries, with the Chartists and Suffragettes using it as a meeting place.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STIRRUP BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of Glaze Brook <\/strong>which rises as Ellen Brook <\/strong>near Hollinwood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham <\/strong>and becomes Stirrup Brook in Boothstown<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is little documented and no suggestions for its origin can be found.\u00a0 It may be that it is derived from the Old English for stirrup<\/em> (sti\u0121r\u0101p<\/em>, meaning \u2018climbing rope\u2019) as, for example, is Styrrup in Nottinghamshire, but why this description was thought relevant is not apparent.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STOCK BROOK <\/strong>is a residential area of south-west Chadderton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1776 but the name comes from Stock Brook<\/em>, a tributary of the River Irk<\/strong>, which is almost certainly older.\u00a0 The origin is probably Old English stocc<\/em>, meaning \u2018a tree trunk or stump, a log of wood\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STOCKPORT <\/strong>is a town 13 kilometres south-east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 Until 1974, Stockport was divided between Cheshire<\/strong> and Lancashire<\/strong>, with the River Mersey<\/strong>, which is formed in Stockport, as the dividing line.\u00a0 Since 1974 it has given its name to the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, one of the ten boroughs of Greater Manchester.\u00a0 <\/strong>The name is recorded in 1188 as Stokeport<\/em> and with its modern spelling from about 1274.\u00a0 The meaning is generally said to be \u2018a market place (Old English port<\/em>) at a secondary, dependent or outlying settlement\u2019 (Old English stoc<\/em>).\u00a0 There have, however, been alternative suggestions for both elements:\u00a0 Stock<\/em> may refer to a stockade, from Old English stoccen<\/em>, and the fact that the name was recorded as Stockford<\/em> in 1283 would be consistent with there being a ford<\/em> across the river before the Goyt<\/strong> and Tame<\/strong> combine to form the Mersey, and Stopford<\/em> was in use as the spelling as late as 1610.\u00a0 \u00a0Stockport gives its name to Stockport, New Jersey and Stockport, South Australia.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STOCKPORT BROOK <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> HEMPSHAW BROOK<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STOCKPORT 8 <\/strong>is a commercial and residential regeneration project in west Stockport<\/strong> close to the railway viaduct<\/strong>, the new bus terminal and Weir Mill<\/strong> announced in 2025.\u00a0 It takes its name from its area, which covers eight<\/em> acres.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STOCKPORT ETCHELLS <\/strong>See<\/em> ETCHELLS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STOCKPORT GARRICK THEATRE<\/strong> was established by an amateur dramatic club on 24 October 1901.\u00a0 The club named itself after the great actor, David Garrick<\/em>, who was born in 1719 and died at the Adelphi<\/strong> Theatre in 1779. The club acquired it first playhouse in 1905 and moved to its present theatre in the centre of Stockport <\/strong>in 1920.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STOCKPORT VIADUCT\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>VIADUCT<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STOLLER HALL <\/strong>is a 482-seat concert hall at Chetham\u2019s School of Music (see<\/em> Chetham\u2019s Library<\/strong>) completed in 2017.\u00a0 It is named after its principal benefactor, Sir Norman Stoller<\/em>, who was High Sheriff of Greater Manchester in 1999-2000.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STONE BREAKS <\/strong>is a hamlet north of Grotton <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1625 and therefore pre-dates Stone Breaks quarry, which dates from the 17th<\/sup> or 18th<\/sup> centuries.\u00a0 The hamlet lies in the Medlock<\/strong> Valley east of the 260-metre Stone Breaks Hill and probably derives from Old English st<\/em>\u0101n<\/em> (\u2018stone\u2019) + Old Norse brekka<\/em> (\u2018slope\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STONECLOUGH <\/strong>is a suburban district of Kearsley<\/strong> on the banks of the River Irwell<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is derived from Old English st\u0101n<\/em>, meaning \u2018stony\u2019, and cl\u014dh<\/em>, meaning \u2018deep valley\u2019, referring to the red sandstone found along the Irwell at this point.\u00a0 <\/strong>The Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway built a station at Stoneclough Bridge and the choice of this name standardised the name Stoneclough<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STONEYFIELD <\/strong>is a residential area south of Rochdale<\/strong> town centre north of Sudden<\/strong> Brook.\u00a0 The name appears on tithe and Ordnance Survey maps of the 1840s but suggests a much older Anglo-Saxon field or farm derived from the Old English st<\/em>\u0101n<\/em> + feld<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STORE STREET STATION <\/strong>was the name of Manchester<\/strong>\u2019s principal railway terminus that is now Piccadilly<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built by the Manchester & Birmingham and Sheffield Ashton-under-Lyne & Manchester railways and opened on 8 May 1842.\u00a0 It took its name from its main entrance on Store Street<\/em>, a thoroughfare that had been laid out in about 1805, when Shooters Brook<\/strong> was culverted beneath it.\u00a0 It was named Store Street because Manchester\u2019s main grain store<\/em> was located here, close to the Ashton<\/strong> Canal, which had been completed in 1797, and to the corn mills situated to the east on Mill Street.\u00a0 The station was rebuilt and renamed London Road<\/strong> in 1847 and, following electrification and modernisation, it was renamed Piccadilly in 1960.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STRANGEWAYS<\/strong>\u00a0is an inner-city district of Manchester <\/strong>with a well-known prison, which was built in 1868 to replace the New Bailey<\/strong> jail.\u00a0 It lies on a strip of land between the rivers Irwell<\/strong> and Irk<\/strong>, and as such means \u2018place subject to strong flooding\u2019.\u00a0\u00a0 The name is recorded in in 1322 as Strangwas<\/em> and is derived from the Old English strang<\/em>, \u2018strong\u2019, and waesce<\/em>, meaning ‘flooding’, but the spelling was changed as early as 1326 by those trying to find meaning in its name. \u00a0\u00a0However, the name is recorded as the family name of John de Strangeways as early as 1304.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STRAWBERRY ISLAND \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0See<\/em> POMONA ISLAND<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STREET BRIDGE<\/strong> is a location north of Chadderton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears on the Ordnance Survey map of 1851 but both elements of the name refer to earlier infrastructure.\u00a0 The Street<\/em> is the Roman road from Manchester<\/strong> to Castleshaw<\/strong> via Hollinwood<\/strong> and Oldham<\/strong> which is still referred to locally as \u2018the Roman Road\u2019.\u00a0 The Bridge<\/em> is the one carrying the road over the Hollinwood<\/strong> branch of the Ashton<\/strong> Canal, which was built in 1792-97.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STREET END <\/strong>is a residential area of Failsworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1620 and refers to the end<\/em> or junction of a road with a stree<\/em>t, i.e. a Roman Road (which is still labelled on modern maps), specifically the Roman road from Manchester<\/strong> to Castleshaw<\/strong> via Hollinwood<\/strong> and Oldham.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STRETFORD <\/strong>is a township in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 The town lies on the Roman road from Chester to Manchester<\/strong> where it crosses the River Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1212 as Streetford<\/em> and means the same as Stratford<\/em> \u2013 \u2018a ford<\/em> on a strat<\/em> or str<\/em>\u01e3t\u2019<\/em>, with str<\/em>\u01e3t<\/em> referring in particular to a Roman road.\u00a0 Nearby is Stretford Ees, derived from the Old English \u0113g<\/em>, meaning \u2018island\u2019, often a piece of firm land in an area liable to flooding by the Mersey.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STRINE DALE <\/strong>and STRINESDALE RESERVOIR<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a0Strine Dale is a village and location north-east of Oldham <\/strong>and Strinesdale was the name given to two reservoirs built in the 19th<\/sup> century \u2013 the first in 1828 and the second in 1838.\u00a0 Dale <\/em>refers to the valley of the River Medlock<\/strong> and Roebuck Brook<\/strong>, which feed the reservoirs.\u00a0 Strine<\/em> is often said to come from an Old English word meaning \u2018boundary\u2019 as the former boundary between Lancashire<\/strong> and Yorkshire ran along the valley, but this meaning cannot be confirmed from other sources and the usual meaning of strine<\/em> or strind<\/em> – \u2018stream, waterway\u2019- would seem to be applicable.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STRINES<\/strong>\u00a0is a village in the Goyt <\/strong>valley in Marple<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, formerly in Derbyshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 A station was opened in 1866 by the Marple, New Mills & Hayfield Junction Railway and the village and its railway are believed to have inspired Edith Nesbit\u2019s 1906 novel, The Railway Children<\/em>.\u00a0 The village name is recorded as Stryndes<\/em>,\u00a0Strindes<\/em>\u00a0and\u00a0Strendes<\/em>\u00a0in the late 13th<\/sup> century and is said to be derived from the Middle English\u00a0strinds <\/em>meaning ‘streams\u2019, from the tributaries of the Goyt above the village.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STROMFORD BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong> that rises north of Ashton upon Mersey<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> and flows south-west to join the Mersey south-west of Urmston<\/strong>.\u00a0 The origin is uncertain but Stromford is thought to mean \u2018ford across a stream\u2019, from Old Norse straumr<\/em>.\u00a0 If correct this derivation would be the only example of the Old Norse for a \u2018stream\u2019 in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The addition of brook<\/em> is reduplication as the meaning would be \u2018the stream of a ford across a stream\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STUBLEY<\/strong> is a residential area west of Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1330, when Nicholas John de Stubley<\/em> sold Stubley<\/em> Hall to John de Holt, and it is said that the hall was originally built in 1277.\u00a0 The hall was sold to Rochdale Council in 1930 and it seems that much was demolished in 1967, although parts survive, along with Stubley New Hall, which was built in about 1830.\u00a0 The name comes from Old English stubb<\/em>, meaning \u2018tree stump\u2019, + l\u0113ah<\/em> (woodland clearing).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STUBSHAW CROSS <\/strong>is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> north-east of Ashton-in-Makerfield<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name \u2018Stubshaw\u2019 means \u2018the copse with or beside tree stumps\u2019, and is a hybrid from the Old Norse stubbi<\/em> (\u2018tree-stump\u2019) + Old English sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse\u2019).\u00a0 A cross was erected there in 1630, giving rise to the modern name, but the \u2018Stubshaw\u2019 settlement and name pre-dated the cross.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SUDDEN<\/strong> is a hamlet south-west of Rochdale<\/strong> on the south bank of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century as both Sothden<\/em> and Sudden<\/em>, meaning \u2018southern valley\u2019, from the Old English s\u016bth <\/em>(\u2018south\u2019) + denu<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019).\u00a0 The valley is that of Sudden Brook, which joins the Roch at Sudden.\u00a0 Sudden lies opposite Norden<\/strong>, which lies on the north bank of the Roch.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SUMMER HILL BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises east of Old Tame<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows south-west to join the Tame north of Slackcote<\/strong>.\u00a0 The origin and date of the name are uncertain:\u00a0 \u00a0it may simply to be an agreeable name but, more likely, it means \u2018a hill used for grazing livestock in summer\u2019, from Old English somer<\/em> (‘summer’) + hyll<\/em> (‘hill’).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SUMMERSEAT<\/strong> is a village in the Borough of Bury<\/strong> on the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was part of Lancashire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1556 as Sumersett<\/em> and is derived from the Old English sumor<\/em> or Old Norse sumarr<\/em>, meaning \u2018summer\u2019, + set <\/em>or s\u00e6t<\/em>, \u2018a hut used while looking after animals\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SUMMIT, Heywood, <\/strong>is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the Summit Inn<\/em>, which was originally on the Rochdale to Edenfield toll road that was built in 1795.\u00a0 When the Bury<\/strong> New Road was opened in the mid-19th<\/sup> century, it was moved brick by brick to its current location on the north-western edge of Heywood.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SUMMIT, Littleborough<\/strong>, is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>. It is on the border with West Yorkshire<\/strong> and was in the county of Lancashire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 Its name refers to its position as the highest point between Littleborough<\/strong> and Todmorden in Yorkshire, and the crossing point for both the Rochdale Canal (opened in 1804) and the Manchester & Leeds Railway, whose Summit Tunnel was completed in 1841.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1804 and the area was known as \u2018Charlestown\u2019 until late into the 19th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SUMMIT, Thornham, <\/strong>is a residential area north of Royton <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from its position at or near the summit<\/em> of the main road between Oldham and Rochdale<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SUN HILL <\/strong>is a residential area north of Lees<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1742 and may have originally been a hill where cattle or sheep were grazed in the summer.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SWINESHAW<\/strong> is an area north of Glossop in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> in what was Derbyshire<\/strong> before 1974.\u00a0\u00a0 The name is taken from Swineshaw<\/em> Brook, a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong>, and was recorded in 1831.\u00a0 Swineshaw gives its name to the Lower and Higher Swineshaw Reservoirs, which were built to supply drinking water to Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> and Stalybridge<\/strong> in 1864-70, employing mill workers put out of work by the \u2018cotton famine<\/strong>\u2019 caused by the American Civil War.\u00a0 Swineshaw probably means \u2018swine wood\u2019 and is derived from two Old English elements: \u00a0sw\u012bn<\/em> + sceaga<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SWINLEY <\/strong>is a residential area of Wigan<\/strong>, north of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1283 as Swyneley<\/em>, meaning \u2018clearing where pigs are found or kept\u2019, from the Old English swin<\/em> (\u2018swine, pig\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018woodland clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SWINTON <\/strong>is a town in Salford<\/strong> that was in Lancashire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 It was first documented as Suinton<\/em> in 1258.\u00a0 The name consists of two Old English elements:\u00a0 sw\u012bn<\/em> + t\u016bn<\/em>, meaning \u2018pig farm\u2019 or \u2018place where pigs are fed\u2019.\u00a0 This is one of the many references to animals in the place names of Greater Manchester<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SYKE<\/strong> is a village on the northern outskirts of Rochdale<\/strong>, also known as Nook Farm<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1843 as Syke<\/em>, from the Old English and regional English s\u012bc<\/em>, meaning \u2018small stream\u2019.\u00a0 There are several streams running off the moors above Syke, including Syke Brook, Fanny Brook, Buckley<\/strong> Brook and Hey Brook<\/strong>, all tributaries of the River Roch<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SYKES PILLAR <\/strong>was originally erected in 1948 as an Ordnance Survey mapping trig point on Broadstone<\/strong> Hill in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It has been named to commemorate Frank Sykes <\/em>(1943-99), a local walker and fell-runner.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

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T<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TACK LEE BROOK <\/strong>is a short tributary of the River Roch<\/strong> which rises south of Birtle<\/strong> and flows south-east to join the Roch north of Bottom o\u2019 th\u2019 Brow<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name, its origin and meaning are little documented but it is suggested that it might mean \u2018clearing where lambs are kept\u2019 from Old English tacca <\/em>(\u2018young sheep\u2019) + l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018woodland clearing\u2019).\u00a0 Coincidentally, there is a Tack Lee Bridge in Yapton, near the Sussex Downs, formerly an area well-known for raising sheep.\u00a0 The Sussex Bridge was built in 1823 across the Portsmouth to Arundel Canal.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TALLEYRAND <\/strong>was an area in east Levenshulme<\/strong> south-east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre which was named after the infamous French diplomat, Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand<\/em>-P\u00e9rigord (1754-1838), who is reported to have stayed in the area during a period of exile in Britain, either in 1792-1794 or 1834-1838 (sources differ).\u00a0 The name does not appear on modern maps but is recalled in the Talleyrand pub on the Stockport <\/strong>Road.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River TAME<\/strong> is a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong> that rises on Denshaw<\/strong> Moor on Saddleworth <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> where the waters flowing out of Dowry <\/strong>and New Year\u2019s Bridge <\/strong>reservoirs form the Tame.\u00a0 It then flows south-west to join the River Goyt<\/strong> to form the Mersey in Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears as Tome<\/em> in 1292 and Tame<\/em> in 1322, but its origin is unclear.\u00a0 It seems likely that it is Celtic in origin \u2013 there are rivers with similar names across Britain, including the Thames, Taff, Tamar and Thame.\u00a0 The name may simply mean \u2018river\u2019, but it has also been suggested that it could mean \u2018dark river\u2019 or \u2018dark one\u2019.\u00a0 The river gives its name to the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TAMER LANE END <\/strong>is a small residential area west of Westleigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears on the Ordnance Survey map of 1892 but is probably much older.\u00a0 Like many of the \u2018lane end\u2019 places in Greater Manchester<\/strong>, it lies at road junction at the end<\/em> of a lane<\/em> \u2013 in this case Smith\u2019s Lane.\u00a0 The origin seems to be undocumented and there have been several suggestions, including the central-Asian war lord Tamerlane<\/em> (Christopher Marlowe\u2019s \u2018Tamburlaine the Great\u2019) and the Biblical Tamar<\/em>, the daughter of King David (2 Samuel 13).\u00a0 The most convincing is that there was a smithy at the end of Smith\u2019s Lane and, as the name is pronounced \u2018t\u2019ammer\u2019 or \u2018Tammer\u2019, it is likely that it is a reduced form of \u2018the hammer\u2019<\/em>, the tool of a smithy.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TAMESIDE <\/strong>is one of the ten metropolitan boroughs of Greater Manchester<\/strong>, which was formed in 1974 from Dukinfield<\/strong>, Hyde<\/strong> and Longdendale<\/strong> in Cheshire<\/strong> and Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong>, Mossley<\/strong>, Audenshaw<\/strong>, Denton <\/strong>and Droylsden<\/strong> in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The borough takes its name from the River Tame<\/strong>, which crosses the borough from north to south.\u00a0 The name was chosen in 1974 after a consultation exercise and a vote on 30 possibilities.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TAME WATER <\/strong>is a village south of Dobcross<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1723 and the meaning is quite literal:\u00a0 the settlement beside the waters<\/em> of the River Tame<\/em><\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TAMYON BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises east of Mossley<\/strong> and flows south-west to join Micklehurst<\/strong> Brook, which then meets the Tame north of Stalybridge<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The origin of the name is unclear, but it has been suggested that it could have been a rationalisation of Tameden or Tameton from Tame<\/em> (i.e. the River Tame) + Old English denu<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019) or tun<\/em> (\u2018enclosure, farm, village\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TANDLE HILL <\/strong>and TANDLE HILL COUNTRY PARK\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>Tandle Hill is a 222-metre hill near Royton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Its name means \u2018fire hill\u2019 from the northern dialect tandle<\/em>, \u2018a large fire in the open air, a bonfire\u2019.\u00a0 The name dates from 9 September 1513 when the hill was used as a beacon during the Battle of Flodden Field.\u00a0 The surrounding area was donated to the people of Royton in 1919 as a war memorial and it was opened as Tandle Hill Country Park in 1971.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TANG <\/strong>and TANGSHUTT <\/strong>are adjacent areas of Romiley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The names are recorded in 1849 and both refer to the land extending south into a meander of the River Goyt<\/strong> \u2013 Tang comes from the Old English tang<\/em>, meaning \u2018tongue\u2019, and Shutt is from Old English sc<\/em>\u0113at<\/em>, also meaning \u2018projecting piece of land\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TANNERS <\/strong>is a residential area of Ramsbottom<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1702, when the hamlet of Tanners surrounded the tanner\u2019s<\/em> yard on Tanners Street.\u00a0\u00a0 The name is one of a small group of occupational names in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TARDEN <\/strong>is a rural area east of Marple<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>, which was part of Derbyshire <\/strong>until 1974. \u00a0\u00a0It is recorded in 1285 as Toardin<\/em> and with its modern spelling in 1545, but the meaning and etymology are unclear.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TAUNTON <\/strong>is a town north of Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1246 as Tongton<\/strong> but the modern spelling is found from 1422.\u00a0 The name is derived from the Old English tang<\/em> (\u2018fork of a river\u2019) + t\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018enclosure, village\u2019), describing Taunton\u2019s position on a long tongue of land where Taunton Brook meets the River Medlock<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TENTERSFIELD <\/strong>is an urban area in western Bury<\/strong> to the east of the River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1813 when the New Tentersfield Methodist Church was built, but the settlement, and perhaps the name, date to mediaeval times.\u00a0 The name means \u2018a field<\/em> where tenter<\/em> frames were set out to stretch and bleach newly-milled fabric\u2019, from the Middle English tentour <\/em>+ feld.\u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
THATCH LEACH <\/strong>is a village on the western edge of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded from the 13th<\/sup> century and the meaning may be quite literal:\u00a0 a place where straw for thatch<\/em> is soaked or leached<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
THICKETFORD BROW <\/strong>is a suburb of Bolton<\/strong>, north-east of the town centre on Bradshaw<\/strong> Brook.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 18th<\/sup> century as Th\u2019 igh gate ford <\/em>meaning \u2018ford over the high road\u2019 (to Ramsbottom, presumably), from Old English h<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018high, chief\u2019) + Old Norse gata<\/em> (\u2018road\u2019).\u00a0 The name was rationalised to \u2018Thicketford\u2019 by the end of the 19th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
THOMASSON PARK <\/strong>is a 2-hectare public park in Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened on 23 October 1890 and named after John Pennington Thomasson <\/em>(1841-1904), a cotton industrialist, who purchased Mere Hall and its estate in 1889 and donated it to the people of Bolton \u2018as a playground and garden\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
THORNHAM<\/strong> is a residential area divided between the Metropolitan Boroughs of Oldham<\/strong> and Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1246 as Thornham<\/em>, meaning \u2018homestead or village where hawthorns grow\u2019 from Old English thorn<\/em> + h\u0101m<\/em> (\u2018village, homestead\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
THORN HILL <\/strong>is a residential area south-east of Standish<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> above the west bank of the River Douglas<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name appears on 19th<\/sup>-century Ordnance Survey maps and literally means \u2018hill with thorn bushes\u2019, from the Old English thorn<\/em> + hyll<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
THORNLEY BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Medlock<\/strong> which rises west of Grotton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham.<\/strong>\u00a0 It then flows south-west through Springhead<\/strong> and Lees<\/strong>, before joining the Medlock in Pitses<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1662 as Thorneley<\/em>, meaning \u2018thorny place\u2019, from Old English thorn<\/em> + l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
THORNS BROOK <\/strong>and THORNS BECK <\/strong>together form a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises as Thorns Beck east of Bleak Hey Brook<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows south-west through Thorns Clough to Join Diggle Brook in Diggle<\/strong>.\u00a0 Diggle Brook then continues south to meet the Tame south-east of Dobcross<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but may come from the Thorns<\/em>, probably a farm, which is recorded in 1726.\u00a0 The thorn<\/em> element is probably literal and suggests a stream flowing through an area with thorn bushes.\u00a0 The use of beck<\/em> (Old English bece<\/em>) is an almost unique survivor in Greater Manchester as the more common br<\/em>\u014dc<\/em> mostly replaced it during mediaeval times.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
THORP <\/strong>is a suburb of Oldham<\/strong>, north of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1260 with its modern spelling and means \u2018village\u2019, from the Old Norse thorp.<\/em>\u00a0 Thorp Mill, built in 1764, was the first water-powered cotton mill in Lancashire<\/strong>, using water from Thorp Clough, a tributary of the River Irk<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The THREE SISTERS RECREATION AREA <\/strong>is a 44-hectare nature reserve in Bryn<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name comes from three spoil heaps from the Garswood Hall coal mine, which was originally built in 1867 or earlier.\u00a0 By the time the mine closed in 1958 the heaps were over 50 metres high and were known as the \u2018Wigan Alps\u2019 or the \u2018Three Sisters<\/em>\u2019. The heaps were levelled and the area was converted into a recreation area and wildlife reserve, opened to the public in 1978.\u00a0 The Three Sisters Recreation Area forms a gateway to the Wigan<\/strong> Flashes Nature Reserve<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
THROSTLE NEST BRIDGE <\/strong>today is a small footbridge across the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong> in Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 There was an older Throstle Nest Bridge over the River Irwell <\/strong>that was demolished when the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> was built in 1887-1893.\u00a0 Both took their names from an area of Trafford Park<\/strong> estate which was recorded as a \u2018rural retreat\u2019 in the 1760s, but the name was also given to Throstle\u2019s Nest Lock in Old Trafford<\/strong> – the last lock on the Mersey & Irwell Navigation<\/strong>, which was built in the 1720s.\u00a0 The name comes from the Old English throstle<\/em>, meaning \u2018song thrush\u2019.\u00a0 The name was also applied to deer\u2019s antlers, which were large enough to hold a thrush nest, but, although Trafford Park did have deer, this definition is recorded only from 1785 and so is unlikely to be the meaning here.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
THURSTON CLOUGH <\/strong>and THURSTON CLOUGH BROOK\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>Thurston Clough is a hamlet east of Dobcross<\/strong> in Saddleworth <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The brook rises on the moors south-west of Delph<\/strong>, flows east through the clough<\/em> (Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>, \u2018deep valley, ravine\u2019) and joins the River Tame<\/strong> near Greenfield<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded with various spellings in the 18th<\/sup> century and is thought to be an eponym meaning \u2018Thurston\u2019s land\u2019, referring to an Old Norse name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River TIB<\/strong> is a long-culverted tributary of the River Medlock<\/strong> that rises at a spring called Coopers Pit in Miles Platting<\/strong> and flows for a few kilometres before joining the Medlock at Gaythorn<\/strong> near Deansgate <\/strong>station.\u00a0 A recent but unlikely suggestion is that the name was given by Roman legionnaires to remind them of the River Tiber<\/em> in Rome, but shortened to reflect the size of the Tib in Manchester.\u00a0 An alternative suggestion is that it comes from the Celtic dubr<\/em>, meaning \u2018water\u2019 which, coincidentally, is also cited as the origin of the Tiber in Italy.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TIGER\u2019S CLOUGH WATERFALL <\/strong>is a small waterfall in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong> near the village of Rivington in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 Clough<\/em> comes from the Old English cl<\/em>\u014dh<\/em>, meaning \u2018ravine, deep valley\u2019, and refers to the valley of the River Douglas<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is thought to take its name from an illicit 19th<\/sup>-century drinking place known as The Tigers<\/em>, which had a sign outside depicting two tigers\u2019 heads.\u00a0 The drinking establishment has long gone but its name lives on.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TIMBERCLIFFE <\/strong>is a small residential area near Summit<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the 1920s, when houses were built for local mill workers.\u00a0 The meaning would seem to be quite literal \u2013 \u2018wood-covered slope\u2019, from Old English timber<\/em> + clif<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TIMPERLEY<\/strong> is a suburb in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>, but formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1211-1225 as Timperleie<\/em>, meaning \u2018clearing where timber is obtained\u2019, from the Old English timber<\/em> + l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018glade, clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TIN BROOK <\/strong>is a culverted tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong> that joins the Mersey under Mersey Square<\/strong> in Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1759 but there is disagreement about its course, variant names and derivation.\u00a0 Different sources state that it rises in Woodsmoor<\/strong>, Great Moor<\/strong>, Heavily<\/strong> or Hazel Grove<\/strong>, and that it may or may not be part of Hempshaw Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name may be derived from Old English tyned<\/em>, meaning \u2018enclosed\u2019, or it may be more literal, taking its name from the tin works that were once located along its banks or the waste products from these works.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TINKER\u2019S GARDENS\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>VAUXHALL GARDENS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TIVIOT DALE<\/strong> is a retail and residential area in Stockport<\/strong>, although the name seems to be falling into disuse.\u00a0 The name is said to have been given to the area in 1745, when Prince Charles Stuart (\u2018Bonny Prince Charlie\u2019) camped in northern Stockport.\u00a0 His Jacobites derived the name from Teviotdale<\/em> in Roxburghshire in their native Scotland.\u00a0 This is derived from Scottish Gaelic Tibhiot,<\/em> a name which simply means \u2018river\u2019, but it has also been suggested that it could mean \u2018dark river\u2019 or \u2018dark one\u2019.\u00a0 The name may be related to other ancient river names, including the Tame<\/strong>, Tamar and the Thames.\u00a0 The Scottish spelling was maintained in Teviot Dale, the original name of the station opened by the Stockport Timperley & Altrincham Railway on 1 December 1865, but the spelling was changed to Tiviot Dale in about 1874.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOMMYFIELD MARKET <\/strong>is an indoor market in the centre of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was established in 1788 in fields<\/em> owned by Thomas (\u2018Tommy<\/em>\u2019) Whittaker.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TONGE<\/strong> is an area to the west (Tonge Moor) and south (Tonge Fold) of Bolton<\/strong>, both on the River Tonge, which is a tributary of the Croal <\/strong>and the Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1212 as Tange<\/em>, but the modern spelling is found by 1226.\u00a0 Tonge<\/em> means \u2018tongue of land\u2019 or \u2018fork in the river\u2019, from the Old English tang<\/em> or tunge<\/em>, describing Tonge\u2019s position between the River Tonge to the west and Bradshaw<\/strong> Brook to the east, just before their confluence.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TONTINE\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>There are several streets and buildings in Greater Manchester <\/strong>and across England named Tontine<\/strong>, but this village west of Orrell<\/strong> on the border between Lancashire<\/strong> and the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> seems to be the only settlement with the name.\u00a0 The name of the village is recorded in 1870 but it could be older as the word was in use in Britain from as early as 1765.\u00a0 It is derived from Lorenzo Tonti <\/em>(c.1602-c.1684), a Neapolitan banker who devised the form of insurance scheme or friendly society that is named after him.\u00a0 Tontines were fairly common in 19th-<\/sup>century Britain among immigrant communities, but it has not been possible to discover the origin of the name for the village of Tontine.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOP LOCK <\/strong>is a residential area beside the Leeds & Liverpool Canal in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It stands at the top<\/em> of a flight of 23 locks<\/em> which raise the canal by 56 metres in about 4 kilometres.\u00a0 The locks were opened in 1816.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOP MOSSLEY\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> BROOK BOTTOM <\/strong>or BROOKBOTTOM <\/strong>and MOSSLEY<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOP OF HEAP <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> HEAP BRIDGE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOP OF HEBERS\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> HEBERS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOPPINGS <\/strong>is a residential area in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1843 and is a dialect word meaning \u2018hill top\u2019 from the Old English topp <\/em>(\u2018the top of a hill, etc\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TORKINGTON<\/strong> is a district in the Borough of Stockport<\/strong> that was formerly part of Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name was recorded in 1181 as Torkinton<\/em> and with its modern spelling in 1249.\u00a0 It consists of three Old English elements:\u00a0 Turec<\/em>, a personal name, -ing-<\/em>, \u2018belonging to\u2019 or \u2018the followers of\u2019, and t\u016bn<\/em>, \u2018settlement or farmstead\u2019, so that together the name would mean \u2018the village of Turec\u2019s people\u2019.\u00a0 Nothing is known of anyone called Turec and it is not recognised to be an English name, but, coincidentally, in 1560 a Richard Bullock leased some land from a John Torkington to set up a smithy nearby in what became Bullock\u2019s Smithy<\/strong>, now Hazel Grove<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOTTINGTON<\/strong><\/a> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1212 as Totinton<\/em>, and is usually said to mean \u2018the village of Totta\u2019.\u00a0 Totta<\/em> was a common Anglo-Saxon personal name, -ing<\/em>– means \u2018belonging to, associated with\u2019 and t\u016bn <\/em>means \u2018enclosure, village\u2019.\u00a0 However, the village is on a 272-metre hill and so the name could derive from Old English t\u014dt<\/em>, meaning \u2018hill-top look-out\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOUGHSHEET COMMUNITY STADIUM <\/strong>is a mixed-use sports stadium in Bolton<\/strong> and home to Bolton Wanderers football club.\u00a0 The club moved from Burnden<\/strong> when the new stadium was built in 1997.\u00a0 It was originally named the Reebok<\/strong> stadium by its American footwear sponsor, whose name is taken from the Afrikaans rhebok <\/em>antelope.\u00a0 Since 2024 it has been known as the Toughsheet <\/em>Community Stadium after the local manufacturer of recycled plastic building materials.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOWN HOUSE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong>.\u00a0 It rises in Clough <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale <\/strong>and flows south east to meet the Roch near Littleborough<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is clearly named after a place or building known as \u2018Town House\u2019 and this seems to refer to a farm shown on 19th<\/sup>-century maps.\u00a0 The name probably means the main house<\/em> of a farmstead, which is one of the meanings derived from Old English t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOWN LANE <\/strong>is a small residential area south of Blackmoor<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name does not seem to have been documented until the end of the 19th century but it probably simply indicates its position on a lane<\/em> to a local town<\/em>, probably Tyldesley <\/strong>or Leigh.\u00a0 <\/strong>It is possible that Town Lane lends its name to nearby Town Brook, a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOWN OF LOWTON <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> LOWTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOWNSGATE <\/strong>is a residential area beside the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented and does not appear on 19th<\/sup>-century maps or the 1894 Ship Canal map of the area.\u00a0 The name seems to be taken from Towngate Farm<\/em> and may be derived from an older but unrecorded name meaning \u2018the road (Old Norse gata<\/em>) to the town<\/em>\u2019, presumably referring to Irlam<\/strong> as Irlam Road cuts through Towns Gate.\u00a0 The name and meaning contrast with Land Gate<\/strong>, meaning \u2018the road to the rural or agricultural land\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TRAFALGAR SQUARE <\/strong>is a residential area around a small green in the Guide Bridge<\/strong> area of Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area itself dates from around the 1840s but the buildings of Trafalgar Square were built in 1881.\u00a0 The square is named after the British naval victory at the Battle of Trafalgar<\/em> in 1805.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TRAFFORD <\/strong>is a district in Stretford<\/strong> that gives its name not only to Old Trafford<\/strong>, Trafford Centre retail outlet and Trafford Park<\/strong> industrial area but also to the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford that was created in 1974. The name is first recorded in about 1200 as Trafford<\/em>, and is a corruption of Stratford <\/em>or Stretford<\/em>, meaning \u2018the ford (across the river Mersey<\/strong>) on the Roman road (str\u00e6t<\/em>) between Manchester<\/strong> and Chester\u2019.\u00a0 The loss of the initial S- is said to be a feature of Anglo-Norman but may also be a way of distinguishing Trafford from neighbouring Stretford.<\/strong>\u00a0 In 1974 Trafford was chosen for the name of the new borough because of its famous sports venues and the Trafford Park<\/strong> industrial estate, as well as historical associations, but only after various alternative proposals – Altrincham<\/strong> Stretford<\/strong> and Sale<\/strong>, Chesford, Crossford, Watlingford and Mercia <\/strong>\u2013 had been rejected.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TRAFFORD PARK <\/strong>was originally the estate of Trafford<\/em> Hall.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1843 but in 1896 it was sold off and developed as the world\u2019s first industrial park, sited on the south side of the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The TRANS PENNINE TRAIL <\/strong>is a coast-to-coast route for walkers and cyclists, starting in Southport in Lancashire<\/strong>, crossing the Pennines<\/strong> to Hornsea in East Yorkshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The idea originated in 1989 and the full trail was completed and opened in 2004.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The trail is 346 kilometres long, with over 50 kilometres passing through Greater Manchester<\/strong>, including Sale<\/strong>, Chorlton<\/strong>, Didsbury<\/strong>, Stockport <\/strong>and Hyde<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TRINITY BRIDGE <\/strong>is a 78.5-metre footbridge across the River Irwell <\/strong>between Salford<\/strong> and Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was designed by the Spanish architect, Santiago Calatrava and was opened in 1995.\u00a0 It takes its name from the nearby Sacred Trinity<\/em> church, that was built in 1635 as the first parish church in Salford.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The TRINNACLE<\/strong> is a landmark consisting of three pillars of gritstone about 10 metres high on Saddleworth <\/strong>Moor above Dovestone Reservoir<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not listed as a word in the Oxford English Dictionary<\/em> and seems to date from the second half of the 20th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It is a portmanteau word formed from the prefix tri-<\/em> and the second half of pinnacle<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TRUB SMITHY <\/strong>or TRUB <\/strong>is a village south of Castleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 Trub Hall is recorded in the mid to late 17th<\/sup> century and Trub Farm and Trub Brook are also recorded.\u00a0 Thrub<\/em> is thought to derive from Old English throp<\/em> or Old Norse thorp<\/em>, both meaning \u2018outlying settlement\u2019.\u00a0 The name is shared with Trub Brook, a tributary of the River Irk<\/strong>.\u00a0 According to local legend, Oliver Cromwell<\/strong> led his Parliamentarian troops through the area during the Civil War and the owner of Trub Hall provided a smithy to reshoe one of his horses.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TUNSHILL<\/strong> is a hamlet north-east of Milnrow <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1793, when a small Roman statue was uncovered at Tunshill Quarry on Tunshill Farm.\u00a0 The name is probably much older as the family name of Tunshill<\/em> dates back to 1273, and probably means \u2018enclosure by or near a hill\u2019 from Old English t\u016bn <\/em>+ hyll.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TUNSTEAD <\/strong>is a hamlet in the Saddleworth<\/strong> area of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 There are several places with this name in England, all meaning \u2018farmstead place\u2019, from the Old English t<\/em>\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018farmstead, village\u2019) + stede <\/em>(\u2018place\u2019).\u00a0 This Tunstead is recorded in 1399 as Tunstede<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TURF HILL <\/strong>is a residential area of Rochdale<\/strong>, south-east of the town centre.\u00a0 A housing estate was built there in the early 1920s but its history is not well documented.\u00a0 The area between Rochdale and Oldham<\/strong> has several places named Turf Lane, referring to the rough grassy hills of this part of Greater Manchester<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TURF LEA <\/strong>is a hamlet south-east of Marple<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The hamlet is thought to have mediaeval origins and the name is recorded in 1770 as Turf Lee<\/em> but an 1831 map gives Tufleys<\/em>.\u00a0 The meaning is literal \u2013 a clearing (Old English l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em>) where the soil grows with grass (Old English turf<\/em>).\u00a0 Turf was used as roofing in mediaeval times.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TURNER\u2019S FLASH <\/strong>is a man-made lake south of Ince-in-Makerfield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> that forms one of the seven subsidence \u2018flashes\u2019 of Wigan Flashes Nature Reserve<\/strong>.\u00a0 Turner\u2019s<\/em> is recorded on the 1849 Ordnance Survey map as a field name, indicating that it was owned by someone named Turner.\u00a0 It has not been possible to identify who this Turner was, although it seems unlikely that there is any connection to the company of Turner Brothers, who manufactured asbestos in Wigan and Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is believed the flash<\/em> was formed by mining subsidence at the turn of the 20th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TURN MOSS <\/strong>is a 39-hectare public area of woods and meadows close to the River Mersey<\/strong> between Stretford<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> and Chorlton<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1612 as \u2018low lying meadows or ees\u2019 (see Broad Ees Dole<\/strong>) and it seems it was originally called Turf Moss, from the Old English turf<\/em> + mos<\/em> (\u2018marsh, swamp\u2019).\u00a0 The name was rationalised to \u2018Turn Moss\u2019 and by 1840 the area had been drained and turned into Turn Moss Farm.\u00a0 Nearby is Turn Moss Ees, derived from the Old English \u0113g<\/em>, meaning \u2018island\u2019, often a piece of firm land in an area liable to flooding by the Mersey.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TURTON<\/strong> is an area between Bolton<\/strong> and Blackburn that is divided between the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong> in Greater Manchester<\/strong> and Blackburn with Darwen in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1185 as Thirtun<\/em> but its modern spelling is found from 1212.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The name is an eponym meaning \u2018Thorr\u2019s or Thori\u2019s farmstead or village\u2019, from the Old Norse personal name Thorr<\/em> + Old English t\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018farm, village\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TWIRL HILL <\/strong>or TWARL HILL <\/strong>is a hill above Lily Lanes<\/strong> and between Alt <\/strong>Hill and Hartshead Green<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside <\/strong>that formed a parish boundary where tithes had to be paid until the 1830s.\u00a0 On the road is a tithe stone which marked the collection point, and the inscription on the stone states that it was inscribed in 1840, indicating that the stone itself was much older.\u00a0 The name comes from the Old English twirl\/twyrl<\/em>, meaning \u2018a fork, split or division\u2019, referring to the boundary line.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TYLDESLEY<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> that is also known as Tyldesley cum Shakerley<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in about 1210 as\u00a0Tildesleia<\/em> and means \u2018Tilwald\u2019s clearing\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Tilwald + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018wood, clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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UNDERBANKS <\/strong>is a district in central Stockport<\/strong> surrounding the mediaeval streets known as Great and Little Underbank<\/em>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1497, when Underbank Hall was built.\u00a0 The name derives from the position of the area \u2013 Stockport is built on a hill and Underbank<\/em> describes the area beneath the bank<\/em>, an Old Norse word that originally meant \u2018steep hill\u2019, close to the River Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0 This hill can be clearly seen at Crowther Street<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
UNITY BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irwell<\/strong> which rises near Moses Gate<\/strong>\/Kearsley <\/strong>Moss and then flows south to meet the Irwell near Ringley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name appears on early Ordnance Survey maps of the 1840s and pre-dates the opening of the Unity Brook Colliery in the late 1860s or early 1870s.\u00a0 The origin and meaning are not recorded, but it is probable that the name reflects the stream\u2019s topography as it is formed where several tributaries meet and unite<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
UNSWORTH<\/strong> is a residential area of Bury<\/strong>, about 11 kilometres north of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1291 as Hundesworth<\/em> and means \u2018enclosure or place of the hounds\u2019 from the Old English hundes<\/em> + worth<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
UPPER CHELBURN \u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0See<\/em> CHELBURN<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
UPPERMILL<\/strong> is a village on the River Tame<\/strong> in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>, although historically part of the West Riding of<\/strong> Yorkshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1730 as Upper Mill<\/em>, which coincides with the beginnings of the industrial revolution and the construction of two mills in the area \u2013 a lower and an upper mill<\/em>.\u00a0 The upper mill was originally a corn mill but was converted for scribbling wool around 1780.\u00a0 It continued in use until the 1930s, when it was demolished.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
URMSTON<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1194 as Wermeston<\/em>, although Urmeston<\/em> is found by 1212.\u00a0 It has been suggested that the name is an eponym from the Viking personal name Urm<\/em> \u00a0+ Old English t\u016bn<\/em>, but it is now thought that it is from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Wyrm<\/em> or Orme<\/em>. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Nearby and close to the River Mersey<\/strong> are Urmston Meadows (Old English m<\/em>\u01e3d<\/em>) and Urmston Ees (Old English \u0113g<\/em>, meaning \u2018island\u2019, often a piece of firm land in an area liable to flooding).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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VAUXHALL GARDENS <\/strong>were originally a 9-hectare pleasure garden in Collyhurst<\/strong> on the banks of the River Irk<\/strong> in the City of Manchester.<\/strong>\u00a0 They were created in the 1790s by Robert Tinker (c.1766-1836), the owner of a local coffee house and tea gardens.\u00a0 They were initially known as the Elysian Gardens after Elysium, the afterlife in Greek mythology, although popularly known as \u2018Tinker\u2019s Gardens\u2019.\u00a0 In 1814 he changed the name to Vauxhall Gardens after London’s Vauxhall Pleasure Gardens<\/em>, and under this name they continued in use until about 1852.\u00a0 They then fell into disrepair, and the land was used for sand quarrying.\u00a0 In the 1970s the land was set aside as a public recreational space and renamed Vauxhall Pleasure Gardens in 2012.\u00a0 Vauxhall in London is recorded as Faukeshale<\/em> in 1279 and takes its name Faukes<\/em> de Br\u00e9aut\u00e9, who built a house there in the early 13th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 The name was adopted for pleasure gardens in Birmingham, New York and St Petersburg, as well as Manchester.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VELODROME<\/strong> in Clayton<\/strong>, about 5 kilometres east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre, was opened in 1994 as the National Cycling Centre with an Olympic-standard indoor racing track for training and competitions.\u00a0 The name comes from the French\u00a0v\u00e9lodrome<\/em>, from\u00a0v\u00e9lo<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018bicycle\u2019) +\u00a0-drome<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018a place for running or racing\u2019) and first appeared in English in 1902.\u00a0 Metrolink opened the Velopark tram stop on 11 February 2013.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VERNON PARK <\/strong>is a 6-hectare country park in Stockport<\/strong>, east of the town centre.\u00a0 It was opened on 20 September 1858 on land donated to Stockport Corporation in 1842 by George John Warren, Lord Vernon<\/em> (1803-66), and named after him.\u00a0 It was sometimes known as \u201cPinch Belly Park\u201d or \u201cthe People\u2019s Park\u201d because of the poverty among local mill workers.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VIADUCT PARK<\/strong> is a 0.8-hectare rooftop park atop the Interchange bus station and transport hub in Stockport<\/strong> town centre.\u00a0 It was opened in 2024 and takes its name from the nearby Stockport Viaduct<\/em>, which carries the main Manchester to London railway line over the River Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0 The viaduct was built by the Manchester & Birmingham Railway in 1839-1840 using about 11 million bricks.\u00a0 It was one of the earliest viaducts and, at that time, it was the largest viaduct in the world.\u00a0 In 1839, the word \u2018viaduct\u2019 was new \u2013 it had been coined only in 1816.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VICTORIA BRIDGE <\/strong>is a single-arch road bridge across the River Irwell <\/strong>between the cities of Salford<\/strong> and Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 1838-1839 and named after Queen Victoria<\/em> (1819-1901).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VICTORIA NORTH <\/strong>is one of the twelve new towns announced by the government in September 2012.\u00a0 The plan is to build an inner-city new town on 155 hectares of brownfield north-east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre, with 15,000 homes and 46 hectares of green space to be named City River Park.\u00a0 The area includes parts of New Cross<\/strong>, Collyhurst<\/strong>, Red Bank<\/strong>, Vauxhall Gardens<\/strong>, Sandhills Park<\/strong> and Smedley<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the nearby Victoria Station<\/strong> and ultimately from Queen Victoria<\/em> (1819-1901).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VICTORIA PARK, Denton <\/strong>is a 2-hectare public park in Denton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The land was purchased in 1886 but the park was not opened until 1913.\u00a0 The park is adjacent to Victoria Street, which takes its name from Queen Victoria<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VICTORIA PARK, Rusholme<\/strong>\u00a0is a suburb of Manchester<\/strong> lying about 3 kilometres south of the city centre between Longsight<\/strong> and Rusholme<\/strong>.\u00a0 Its name comes from the Victoria Park<\/em> Company, which was established in 1836 to build a residential area with large houses for prosperous and professional families.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VICTORIA PARK, Stockport <\/strong>is a 6-hectare park in the Heaviley<\/strong> district of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in the late 19th<\/sup> century, probably to commemorate the 60th<\/sup> year of the reign of Queen Victoria<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VICTORIA PARK, Swinton<\/strong> is a 6-hectare public park in Swinton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in 1897 to commemorate the\u00a060th year of the reign of Queen Victoria<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VICTORIA STATION<\/strong> was opened in 1843 by the Manchester & Leeds Railway. \u00a0In 1844 the Liverpool & Manchester Railway extended its lines to Victoria and closed its Liverpool Road <\/strong>terminus.\u00a0 The new station was originally to have been called Hunt\u2019s Bank<\/strong>, but was instead named after Queen Victoria<\/em>.\u00a0 In 1846 the Manchester & Leeds merged with other local companies to form the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway and established its headquarters at Victoria.\u00a0 The station has been rebuilt in various ways in the past:\u00a0 several platforms were converted into a Metrolink tram station in 1992 and in 1992-94 the new Manchester Arena<\/strong> stadium was built above some of the northern end.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VICTORY <\/strong>is a residential area north-east of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is said to be named after HMS Victory<\/em>, the flagship of Admiral Horatio Nelson (1758-1805), and streets in the area were name after Nelson\u2019s victories at Nile and Trafalgar, as well as after Nelson himself.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VIMTO PARK <\/strong>is a small park in central Manchester<\/strong> that takes its name from the soft drink, Vimto<\/em>, which was first manufactured on the site on Granby Row in 1908.\u00a0 The drink was at first named \u2018Vim Tonic\u2019, because it was said to give the drinker vim<\/em> and vigour, but this was shortened to Vimto in 1912.\u00a0 The park includes a wooden sculpture of a Vimto bottle and all its fruit ingredients.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VIRIDOR WOOD <\/strong>is a 96-hectare country park in Bamfurlong<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> that forms part of the Flashes of Wigan and Leigh<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 It is on the site of Mains Colliery, which was opened in about 1870 and closed in 1960.\u00a0 It then became a landfill site owned and operated by a waste disposal company named Viridor<\/em>, which is the Latin for \u2018to become green\u2019.\u00a0 The site was purchased by the Forestry Commission in 2001 and transformed into a country park.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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WAIN STONES <\/strong>Near Wain Stones and Far Wain Stones are rock formations on Saddleworth <\/strong>Moor in the Peak District <\/strong>National Park in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Academic sources give the origin as Old English w<\/em>\u00e6gn<\/em>, meaning \u2018wagon\u2019, but offer no explanation.\u00a0 Local sources derive the name from Old English wanian<\/em>, meaning \u2018to howl\u2019, in reference to the sound the wind makes as in blows through the rocks.\u00a0 Wanian<\/em> can also mean \u2018to lament\u2019 and it is suggested that the rocks may have some significance as a place of mourning.\u00a0 Two of the rocks are known as the Kissing Rocks from their shape, which resembles two heads close together as if kissing.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALKDEN<\/strong> is a town in the City of Salford <\/strong>about 11 kilometres north-west of Manchester <\/strong>city centre.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1325 as Walkeden<\/em> and this is usually said to mean \u2018Walca\u2019s valley\u2019 from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Wealaca<\/em> + denu<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019).\u00a0 However, an alternative interpretation is that the origin is the Old English Wealaca<\/em>, meaning \u2018a fuller\u2019 \u2013 someone who shrinks and thickens woollen cloth by moistening, heating, and pressing it by walking on it.\u00a0 This might suggest that Wealaca was a fuller or took his name from the occupation.\u00a0 This would fit with Walkden\u2019s history as a textile manufacturing centre.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALKDEN GARDENS <\/strong>are a 2-hectare public park and open-air theatre in Sale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The site was originally developed as a nursery by Harry Walkden<\/em>, but on his death in 1949 it was bequeathed to Sale Borough Council and named in his memory.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALKER FOLD <\/strong>is a rural woodland area north-west of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is not well documented and is assumed to be an eponym meaning \u2018the animal enclosure (Old English fald<\/em>) belonging to someone called Walker<\/em>\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALKERS <\/strong>is a residential area north-west of Grotton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1738 as Walker\u2019s<\/em> and is probably derived, directly or indirectly, from the Old English wealcere<\/em>, meaning \u2018someone who treats woollen cloth by treading on it in a tub of caustic soda\u2019.\u00a0 This definition of a walker or \u2018fuller\u2019 pre-dates the modern meaning of \u2018walker\u2019 and is the origin of the common surname.\u00a0 Walkers in Oldham may therefore mean \u2018land where walking<\/em> or fulling took place\u2019 or may be an eponym signifying land belonging to someone called Walker<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALKER\u2019S FIELD <\/strong>or MISS WALKER\u2019S FIELD <\/strong>is a public recreational area in Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 In the 19th<\/sup> century the land belonged to the Walker family, who were Lancashire<\/strong> landowners, cotton manufacturers and bankers.\u00a0 The last of the family, a Miss A Walker<\/em>, died in the early 1950s and donated the land to Bury Council.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALKERWOOD RESERVOIR <\/strong>is one of the four Swineshaw<\/strong> reservoirs \u2013 Lower Swineshaw, Higher Swineshaw, Brushes<\/strong> and Walkerwood \u2013 built in 1864-70 to supply drinking water to Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> and Stalybridge<\/strong> in what is now the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name was taken from a local settlement which was recorded on the 1842 Ordnance Survey map but has disappeared from modern maps.\u00a0 The derivation is uncertain but is probably a surname eponym, meaning \u2018the wood<\/em> belonging to someone named Walker<\/em>\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALLGATE<\/strong> is an urban area in the centre of Wigan<\/strong> that takes its name from the area around the mediaeval street of Wallgate<\/em> and Wigan Wallgate railway station.\u00a0 Wallgate is one of the Wigan \u2018gates\u2019, all of which were (and many still are) streets dating from the Middle Ages, and perhaps much earlier as \u2018gate\u2019 is derived from the Old Norse gata<\/em>, meaning \u2018road, street\u2019.\u00a0 Wallgate means \u2018Welsh road\u2019, from the Old English walh<\/em> or wealh<\/em>, suggesting it was the road west to Wales.\u00a0 The others are Standishgate (the road to Standish<\/strong>), Hallgate (the road to Wigan Hall), Millgate (the road leading to a watermill on the River Douglas<\/strong>) and Stairgate (the road to the River Douglas via a set of steps).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALL HILL <\/strong>is a hamlet in the Saddleworth<\/strong> area of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1624 but no explanation is offered.\u00a0 The name could be quite literal and refer to the dry stone walls<\/em> found across Saddleworth hillsides<\/em>.\u00a0 Another theory is that the \u2018wall\u2019 could be the rows of stone tenter posts erected by flannel manufacturers above the hamlet which might look like walls, although the current ones date only from about 1840.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALLNESS<\/strong> is a residential area of north-west Salford<\/strong> and includes Wallness Bridge across the River Irwell.<\/strong>\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1261 as Walneys<\/em>, from the Old English hw\u00e6l<\/em>, meaning \u2018round hill\u2019 + ness<\/em> (\u2018promontory, headland\u2019), referring the land inside the long meander in the Irwell at this point.\u00a0 The name had been rationalised to Wallness by the beginning of the 19th<\/sup> century, although the spelling \u2018Walneys\u2019 is found in burial records as late as 1852.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALLSUCHES<\/strong> is a residential district of Horwich<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before 1777, when brothers Thomas and John Ridgway moved from Dog Hill in Bolton to a site east of Horwich and established the Wallsuches Bleachworks<\/em>.\u00a0 It is said that the name comes from the Old English wella<\/em>, meaning \u2018stream\u2019, + soc<\/em>, meaning \u2018to soak\u2019.\u00a0 This derivation could refer to the numerous streams running off the moors to the east which would provide the water for the bleaching of cloth on the banks.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALMERSLEY <\/strong>is a suburb of north Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1262 as Walmeresley <\/em>and is said to mean \u2018the clearing of Waldmer<\/em> or Walhmer<\/em>\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018woodland clearing\u2019).\u00a0 Alternatively, it could mean \u2018lake by a wood\u2019, from Old English wald <\/em>(\u2018woodland, forest\u2019) + mere <\/em>(\u2018pool, lake\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALSHAW <\/strong>is a village north-west of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1311 as Wolleshagh<\/em>, meaning \u2018the small wood by a stream\u2019, from Old English w\u00e6lla <\/em>(\u2018stream\u2019) + sceaga<\/em> (\u2018copse, small wood\u2019).\u00a0 The stream is the nearby Walshaw Brook, a tributary of the River Roch<\/strong>, which would seem to take its name from the village rather than vice versa.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WALTON PARK<\/strong> is a 5-hectare public park in Sale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> that was formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The land was acquired by the local authority in 1938 and opened to the public in 1939.\u00a0 Walton<\/em> is a common place name in England and usually means \u2018the farmstead or settlement of the Welsh or Britons\u2019, from the Old English walh<\/em> + t\u016bn<\/em>.\u00a0 The name suggests that there had been an earlier Celtic settlement on or close to the site.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WARBURTON<\/strong> is a village on the south bank of the River Mersey <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) as Wareburgetune<\/em> and Warburgetone<\/em>, meaning \u2018the estate or village (t\u016bn<\/em>) of a woman called W\u01e3rburg<\/em>\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WARBURTON GREEN <\/strong>is a residential area of Hale Barns<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is believed to derive from the Warburton<\/em> family, as one Peter Warburton (1618-78) leased 4 hectares of land at \u2018the Greene\u2019, but other sources trace the name as far back as 1572.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WARDLE<\/strong> is a town north-east of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded as Warhul<\/em> in 1193 and with its modern spelling in 1580.\u00a0 The meaning is \u2018look-out hill\u2019, from Old English weard<\/em> (\u2018watch, look-out\u2019) + hyll, <\/em>referring to Brown Wardle<\/em> Hill, a 400-metre-high hill north-west of the town.\u00a0 The name of Brown Wardle Hill suggests that modern English hill <\/em>reduplicates Old English hyll<\/em> because it had been reduced to -le<\/em> and its meaning forgotten.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WARDLEWORTH<\/strong> is a residential area of Rochdale<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in about 1200 and is said to mean \u2018the enclosed settlement (worth<\/em>) close to Wuerdle<\/em>\u2019.\u00a0 See also<\/em> WARDLE<\/strong> and WUERDLE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WARDLEY<\/strong> is a suburb in the north-west of the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1148 as Weardeleige<\/em> and means \u2018clearing or wood (l\u0113ah<\/em>) near a fortified place\u2019 (warde,<\/em> \u2018protection\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WARHILL<\/strong> or WAR HILL <\/strong>is a hamlet in the Mottram-in-Longdendale<\/strong> area of the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1360 as le Wharell<\/em>, which academic sources derive from the Middle English quarrelle<\/em>, meaning \u2018a quarry\u2019.\u00a0 However, according to local legend, the hill<\/em> was the site of a battle in 1138 in the Anarchy War <\/em>between Stephen and Matilda for the English throne.\u00a0 Stephen (reigned 1135-54) was victorious but Matilda\u2019s son eventually succeeded King Stephen as Henry II (reigned 1154-89).\u00a0 The church of St Michael and All Angels is said to have been erected on Warhill to commemorate the battle.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WARLOW PIKE <\/strong>and WARLOW BROOK\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Warlow Brook, a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong>, rises on Warlow Pike and flows north to meet the Tame near Mossley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside.<\/strong>\u00a0 Warlow Pike is recorded in 1468 as Harelowe<\/em>, from Old English h<\/em>\u0101r<\/em> (\u2018grey\u2019 or \u2018boundary) + hl\u0101w <\/em>(\u2018hill\u2019), and Pike comes Old English pic<\/em>, meaning \u2018a point\u2019, as on the mediaeval weapon, and so \u2018a pointed hill\u2019.\u00a0 It has been suggested that Warlow Pike marked the ancient boundary between Cheshire<\/strong> and Saddleworth<\/strong>, and the boundary was marked with grey stones so that h\u0101r<\/em> came to mean \u2018boundary\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WARTH FOLD <\/strong>is a residential and recreational area south-west of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented and literally means \u2019animal enclosure animal enclosure\u2019 \u2013 an example of reduplication as Old English worth<\/em> and fald <\/em>both mean \u2018animal enclosure\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WATCH HILL CASTLE<\/strong> is mediaeval castle in Bowdon<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> also known as Castle Hill.\u00a0 The site is located north of the River Bollin,<\/strong> overlooking a ford by which the old Roman road from Manchester<\/strong> to Chester crossed the river.\u00a0 The name is apparently not recorded until the 19th<\/sup> century, but it evidently means \u2018look-out hill\u2019 from the Old English waecce<\/em> (\u2018a watch, look-out\u2019) + hyll<\/em>.\u00a0 The earlier name of Castle Hill was recorded in 1481 as Le Castell Milne<\/em> (i.e. Castle Mill) but in 1535 as Castill Hill<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WATERDALE <\/strong>is a residential and parkland area in Whitefield <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 1780s when a series of reservoirs was constructed for the Waterdale<\/em> Bleach & Dye Works, although it may have been a farm name at an earlier date.\u00a0 The works was demolished in the 1970s and the area was used for waste spoil during the construction of the M62 motorway, but is has since been regenerated as a nature reserve.\u00a0 The name means \u2018the valley (Old English d<\/em>\u00e6l<\/em>) of the waters (w<\/em>\u00e6ter<\/em>)\u2019, referring to the waters of Mere Brook<\/strong> and Bradley Brook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WATERGROVE RESERVOIR<\/strong> is a reservoir in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale,<\/strong> which was completed in 1938.<\/strong>\u00a0 It takes its name from the former village of Watergrove<\/em>, which was evacuated and submerged when the reservoir was built.\u00a0 The village had originally developed in the 1840s to provide housing for Watergrove Mill<\/em>, which was built in 1841.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WATERHEAD <\/strong>is a residential area of north-east Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1648 as Watergate Mill but as Waterhead in 1844, when it was created as a parish. \u00a0Both gate<\/em> and head<\/em> here mean \u2018the source of a river or stream\u2019, which could refer to any of the streams that rise in this area on the edge of the moors.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WATER HEYES <\/strong>is a residential area of north-east Wigan<\/strong> beside the River Douglas<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the mid-19th<\/sup> century and its origin does not seem to have been explored.\u00a0 Given its position, it is likely that it means \u2018enclosures beside the water\u2019, from Old English w<\/em>\u00e6ter <\/em>(referring to the Douglas) + h<\/em>\u01e3g <\/em>(\u2018enclosure\u2019).\u00a0 It is a coincidence that the Water Heyes Electrical Company was founded by brothers William and Lancelot Heyes at the turn of the 20th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WATERHOUSES<\/strong> is a village (also known as Daisy Nook<\/strong>) and country park in Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from The Waterhouse<\/em>, the former name of Medlock<\/strong> Hall, a country house dating from the 15th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WATERLOO<\/strong> is a residential area of Ashton-under-Lyne<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1823 and takes its name from Wellington<\/strong>\u2019s victory at the Battle of Waterloo<\/em> in Belgium in June 1815.\u00a0 The name of the original Belgian village means \u2018watery clearing\u2019, from the Middle Dutch water<\/em> + loo<\/em> (\u2018forest, clearing\u2019).\u00a0 A number of streets in the Ashton Waterloo are named after officers in the victorious army.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WATERS BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> which rises north of Bleak Hey Nook<\/strong> in Saddleworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows south west through Waters Clough to meet Hull Brook<\/strong>, which then flows south west to join the Tame in Delph<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name Waters<\/em> is found in several places locally:\u00a0 Waters Farm is recorded in 1722 and Waters Gate marks the entry to Waters Lane, which leads to Waters Farm.\u00a0 The names all seem to refer to the various headwaters<\/em> of the Tame that meet in the area.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WATERSHEDDINGS <\/strong>is a residential area of north-east Oldham<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1102 as Watersdeles<\/em>, a name that means \u2018the dividing of the waters\u2019, i.e. the watershed at the top of Pendle Hill.\u00a0 The name comes from Middle English water <\/em>+ shadel<\/em> (\u2018parting\u2019), a name and spelling that are still found in Watersheddles Reservoir in Lancashire, built in 1877.\u00a0 The modern word \u2018watershed\u2019 is not found in English until 1764, and it seems likely that the name of the village was rationalised at some point to align with the modern term.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WATER\u2019S NOOK <\/strong>is a residential area of Westhoughton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is not well documented before 1891.\u00a0 Its name is derived from its position in nook<\/em> of land north of the V-shaped confluence of the waters <\/em>of Hall Lee Brook<\/strong> with another, apparently-unnamed stream flowing from the north-east.\u00a0 Nook comes from the Old English n<\/em>\u014dk<\/em> (\u2018nook of land; triangular plot\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WEASTE<\/strong> is an inner-city suburb of the City of Salford<\/strong>, previously in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name comes from the Old French wast<\/em> or waste<\/em>, meaning \u2018uncultivated or common land\u2019.\u00a0 The word is used throughout the Domesday Book of 1086 (see<\/em> Appendix 1) in its Latin form, wasta<\/em>, for uninhabited land for which dues and taxes would not be paid, but Weaste in Lancashire is not mentioned.\u00a0 Although the name would seem to date from mediaeval times, Weaste is not well documented.\u00a0 A map of 1675 calls what is now Weaste Lane \u2018Brewers Lane\u2019.\u00a0 Weaste Hall dates from 1831.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u201cWEATHERFIELD\u201d<\/strong> is a fictional town in Greater Manchester<\/strong> which since 1974 has been the location for the Coronation Street<\/em> soap opera.\u00a0 According to Corriepedia<\/em>, it was originally a farming area called Bellwether Field<\/em>, meaning \u2018the field of the wethered ram around whose neck a bell was hung\u2019, from the Old\/Middle English belle<\/em> (\u2018bell\u2019) + wether<\/em> (\u2018castrated ram\u2019) + feld <\/em>(\u2018field, farm\u2019).\u00a0 Over time, this was simplified to Wetherfield and ultimately rationalised to Weatherfield.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WEDNESHOUGH <\/strong>is a location in Hollingworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1795 with its modern spelling but its origin is disputed:\u00a0 it is often said that Wedneshough Green was an ancient religious site named after the Anglo-Saxon god Woden <\/em>+ Old Norse sk<\/em>\u00f3gr<\/em> (\u2018a wood\u2019) or Old English h<\/em>\u014dh<\/em> (spur of land\u2019), but the first element could also be Old English withign <\/em>(\u2018willow\u2019) or w<\/em>\u0113oden<\/em> (\u2018covered with weeds\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WEIR MILL <\/strong>or WEAR MILL<\/strong> is a repurposed cotton mill in Stockport<\/strong> that is now a residential and retail centre.\u00a0 The Tame<\/strong> and the Goyt<\/strong> meet in central Stockport to form the River Mersey<\/strong>, which then flows west towards Brinksway<\/strong>.\u00a0 In this short stretch five water-powered cotton mills were built in the 1790s, each with its own weir.\u00a0 One of those on the south bank was named, appropriately, Weir Mill, although it had been converted to steam by 1834.\u00a0 One of the arches of the Stockport Viaduct<\/strong> was built over it in 1840 and part of the upper floor was demolished when the viaduct was doubled in 1888-1889. \u00a0It ceased production in the 1970s and was restored in 2024 as part of Stockport\u2019s regeneration plans.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WELL GREEN <\/strong>is a residential area on the edge of Hale Barns<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> close to Fairywell Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1831 as Waugh Green<\/em> but with its modern spelling in 1841.\u00a0 Its meaning and derivation are thought to be literal:\u00a0 \u2018the green by a well, spring or stream\u2019, from Old English wella<\/em> + gr<\/em>\u0113ne<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WELLINGTON BRIDGE <\/strong>is an 11-arch road bridge in Stockport <\/strong>that carries Wellington Road, the modern A6 and a rerouting of the old Roman Road from Manchester<\/strong> to Buxton, over the valley of the River Mersey<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0 The bridge was built in 1824-1826 and was named after the Duke of Wellington<\/em> (1769-1852), the victor at the Battle of Waterloo<\/strong> of 1815 and later prime minister.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WERNETH <\/strong>is a residential area of Oldham<\/strong>, formerly in Lancashire<\/strong>, about 1.5 kilometres west-south-west of Oldham town centre.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1226 as Vernet,<\/em> meaning \u2018place where alder trees grow\u2019 and is derived from the Celtic verno<\/em>, meaning \u2018alder trees\u2019.\u00a0 It is a rare survivor of a Celtic place name and reflects the wooded landscape of the time.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WERNETH BROOK<\/strong> is a stream and tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> in Hyde<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>, formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 (see Appendix 1) as Warnet<\/em>, meaning \u2018place where alder trees grow\u2019 from the Celtic verno<\/em>, meaning \u2018alder trees\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WERNETH LOW <\/strong>is a 279-metre hill on the boundary between the Metropolitan Boroughs of Stockport <\/strong>and Tameside<\/strong>, north-east of Romiley<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in about 1620 as Wernith Low<\/em>, meaning \u2018the hill (Old English hl<\/em>\u0101w<\/em>) where alder trees (Celtic verno<\/em>) grow\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WEST DIDSBURY\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See <\/em>DIDSBURY<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WEST GORTON\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> GORTON<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WESTHOUGHTON<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>, 6 kilometres south-west of Bolton itself and 21 kilometres north-west of Manchester <\/strong>city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1240 as Westhalcton<\/em> and with its modern spelling from the 16th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 It means \u2018the western settlement in a nook of land\u2019, from Old English west <\/em>(\u2018west, western\u2019) + halh<\/em> (\u2018nook, corner of land\u2019) + t\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018enclosure, village\u2019).\u00a0 The West<\/em> was originally to distinguish it from Little Houghton, a village name that seems to have vanished, and the nook may refer to a bend in nearby Water\u2019s Nook<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WEST HULME <\/strong>or WESTHULME <\/strong>is, as its name suggests, a residential area west<\/em> of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is not well documented before the mid-19th<\/sup> century, with West Hulme isolation hospital built in the 1870s, and even on the 1882 Ordnance Survey map it appears as a separate hamlet.\u00a0 The name combines Old English west<\/em> with the Old Norse element holmr <\/em>(\u2018dry land, promontory\u2019) which originally formed part of Oldham\u2019s 13th<\/sup>-century name \u2013 Aldholm<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WESTLEIGH<\/strong> is a suburb of north-west Leigh<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1238 as Westlegh<\/em>, from Old English West<\/em> + Old English l\u0113ah<\/em>, meaning ‘wood, clearing or meadow’.\u00a0 The West <\/em>distinguishes it from Leigh itself.\u00a0 See also<\/em> ASTLEY<\/strong>.\u00a0 Westleigh gives its name to Westleigh Brook, a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong>, a tributary of the River Mersey<\/strong> which flows from north to south through the town.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WEST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE<\/strong> was until 1974 one of the three ridings (i.e. third-ings) of Yorkshire<\/strong>, the ancient county named after the city of York.\u00a0 Since 1974, the West Riding has become simply West Yorkshire, although parts of the old West Riding around Saddleworth<\/strong> were transferred to the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> in Greater Manchester.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WESTWOOD<\/strong>\u00a0is a residential area of western Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded as Westewood<\/em> in the late 13th century, from the Old English west<\/em> + wudu<\/em>, meaning \u2018place to the west of a wood or forest\u2019 or \u2018a forest to the west of a settlement\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WESTWOOD FLASH <\/strong>is one of the seven \u2018flashes<\/em>\u2019 or lakes mostly created by mining subsidence early in the 20th<\/sup> century that make up the Flashes of Wigan and Leigh<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name originates with Westwood<\/em> (i.e. \u2018western wood\u2019) Hall<\/em>, a country house built in about 1785 south-west of Ince-in-Makerfield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 Westwood Power Station was built nearby in 1948-50 but closed and demolished in 1989.\u00a0 The cooling water for the power station formed a man-made lake which is now Westwood Flash, while the site of the power station has been developed as Westwood Business Park and the estate of Westwood Hall is now Westwood Park Gardens.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WESTWOOD PARK <\/strong>is a residential area south-east of Worsley <\/strong>in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area was originally the site of Westwood Park, a country house with formal gardens dating from the 18th<\/sup> or 19th<\/sup> century, presumably named because it was a wooded <\/em>area west<\/em> of the main townships of Salford at the time.\u00a0 The house has been demolished but the estate is now Broadoak<\/strong> Park.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WET EARTH COLLIERY <\/strong>was a coal mine in Dixon Fold<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was first opened in 1756 and was originally called Gal Pit from the Galloway ponies that were used there.\u00a0 It had to be closed because of flooding but an ingenious drainage system was devised and it re-opened in the 1760s, although the flooding problems were recalled in its name.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>The mine was painted by Lowry in 1925 (see<\/em> Appendix 2) and was closed in about 1928, but the site was later converted into Clifton<\/strong> Country Park, which opened in 2005.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHALLEY RANGE <\/strong>is an inner-city area in Moss Side<\/strong> and Withington<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong>, previously in Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was one of the earliest suburbs of Manchester, built in the 1830s by local banker and businessman Samuel Brooks (1793-1864) (see also<\/em> BROOKLANDS<\/strong>).\u00a0 He named the area after his birthplace, Whalley<\/em> near Blackburn in Lancashire.\u00a0 Whalley<\/em> is mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle as the site of the great battle of Hw\u00e6lleage<\/em> in April 798 and takes its name from the Old English hw\u00e6l<\/em>, meaning \u2018round hill\u2019 + l\u0113ah<\/em>, \u2018clearing or settlement\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHARFSIDE<\/strong> is a regeneration area in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong> on the south bank of the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong> opposite Salford Quays<\/strong> and including Manchester United\u2019s Old<\/strong> Trafford<\/strong> stadium and the Imperial War Museum<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is taken from the location beside the wharves <\/em>of the Manchester Ship Canal and seems to have been devised at the time the Metrolink tram stop (originally to have been called Manchester United) was opened on 22 March 2020 with the name \u2018Wharfside\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHELLEY<\/strong> is a residential area of Wigan<\/strong>, north-east of the town itself.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1160 as Quelley<\/em> and with its modern spelling from 1553.\u00a0 It means \u2018round settlement\u2019, from Old English hweol<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018wheel; water-wheel; anything round, such as a stone circle or a curving valley or hill\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (\u2018clearing or settlement\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHIT BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Irk <\/strong>that rises south of Rochdale<\/strong> and flows south to join the Irk west of Middleton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but means simply \u2018white stream\u2019 from the Old English hw<\/em>\u012bt + br\u014dc.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> which rises at White Brook Spring south east of Heathfields<\/strong> and flows about 830 metres north west to meet the Tame at Uppermill<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century as Wytibroke<\/em> and Whitebrok<\/em>, literally meaning \u2018white brook\u2019 from Old English hw<\/em>\u012bt<\/em> + br\u014dc<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITE BROW <\/strong>is a residential area on the banks of the River Roch<\/strong> in Hollins<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded on Ordnance Survey maps surveyed in the mid-1840s and means \u2018the pale hill\u2019, from the Old English hw\u012bt <\/em>+ bru<\/em>.\u00a0 The brow<\/em> refers to the slope rising from the River Roch and the white<\/em> could be the pale rock or soil, white flowers or fields.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITEFIELD<\/strong> is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong> that was formerly part of Lancashire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1292 as Whitefeld<\/em>, meaning \u2018white field or land\u2019, from Old English hw\u012bta<\/em> + feld<\/em>.\u00a0 There are several theories about what the \u2018white\u2019 element might mean:\u00a0 long-lying snow, white flowers such as lilies (see Lily Hill<\/strong>), fabric laid out for bleaching or wheat fields.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITEGATE <\/strong>and WHITEGATE END <\/strong>are nearby residential and industrial areas of Chadderton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 Whitegate<\/em> is recorded in 1556 but the name is not well documented.\u00a0 Gate<\/strong>, from Old Norse gata<\/em>, means \u2018road\u2019, and End<\/strong> suggests that both places were at one time at the end of a road.\u00a0 Why this road was White <\/strong>is not known but it might be that it was the road to White Moss<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITEHEAD BROOK\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> WHITEHEAD HALL MEADOWS<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITEHEAD GARDENS <\/strong>is a public park and war memorial in Tottington <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is named after Mr and Mrs S D Whitehead<\/em>, who gave the garden to the people of Tottington in remembrance of the seven people who were killed when an air-launched V1 flying bomb landed on Chapel Street on 24 December 1944.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITEHEAD HALL MEADOWS <\/strong>is a 5.58 hectare nature reserve in Astley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 The original Whitehead Hall<\/em> was a mediaeval farmhouse in the area of Worsley<\/strong> and Tyldesley<\/strong>, apparently named after the Whitehead<\/em> family.\u00a0 The farm survived until the 1950s, when it became the site for colliery waste from nearby coal mines.\u00a0 In 2000 this was cleared and designated as nature reserve.\u00a0 Whitehead Brook, a tributary of Glaze Brook<\/strong>, which forms part of the boundary between Wigan and Salford<\/strong>, also takes its name from the Whitehead family.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITE ISLES BROOK <\/strong>rises north of Windy Hill <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale <\/strong>and flows west to join Longden End Brook, which then flows south-west through Rakewood<\/strong> Valley to empty into Hollingworth Lake<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not recorded on 19th<\/sup>-century maps and its origin and meaning are uncertain.\u00a0 White<\/em> may refer to light soil or white flora such as sedge.\u00a0 Isles <\/em>may be a corruption or rationalisation of Ealees<\/strong>, a name found to the north-west of White Isles Brook and meaning \u2018clearings or \u2018islands\u2019 of land beside a brook or river\u2019, from the Old English \u0113a<\/em> (\u2018river\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (woodland clearing\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITELEY <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0See<\/em> LOWER WHITELEY DEAN BROOK<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITE MOSS <\/strong>is a rural and recreational area north of Charlestown<\/strong> in the City of Manchester<\/strong> spreading across parts of Middleton<\/strong> and Chadderton<\/strong>, with part now occupied by Blackley<\/strong> golf course.\u00a0 The place is not well documented:\u00a0 moss<\/em> refers to the large areas of peat bog across the east of Greater Manchester<\/strong>, and, while such swampland can be covered with white moss<\/em> flowers, this cannot be confirmed as the origin of the name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITE\u2019S BRIDGE <\/strong>is a road bridge over the Bridgewater Canal<\/strong> in Sale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was built in 1816 and named after Dr Charles White<\/em> (1728-1813), co-founder of the Manchester Royal Infirmary, who lived nearby at Sale Priory (see<\/em> Priory Gardens<\/strong>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITLEY <\/strong>is a residential area of Wigan<\/strong> north of the town centre.\u00a0 It takes its name from Whitley Hall<\/em>, which is recorded as being rebuilt in about 1584.\u00a0 It was demolished sometime before the 1940s but the grounds included a large lake, which is now Whitley reservoir.\u00a0 The name means \u2018white clearing or meadow\u2019 from the Old English hw\u012bt <\/em>+ l<\/em>\u0113ah<\/em>, but why the place was described as \u2018white\u2019 is uncertain.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITTAKER<\/strong> is a village south-east of Littleborough <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale <\/strong>that gives its name to Whittaker Woods, a 4.65-hectare area of woodland, and to Whittaker Spout Gutter, a stream which rises to the east and flows west to join Shore Lane Brook<\/strong>, which ultimately flows into Hollingworth Lake<\/strong>.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>The name is not well documented but literally means \u2018white field\u2019 from Old English hw\u012bt <\/em>+ \u00e6cer<\/em>.\u00a0\u00a0 Whittaker Spout Gutter is more complex:\u00a0 Spout<\/em> comes from Middle English spoute<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018spout, spring\u2019) and Gutter<\/em> could come either from Old English gota<\/em> (\u2018water course, stream\u2019) or Middle English goter<\/em> (\u2018small brook, channel\u2019, from the Old French gutiere<\/em>).\u00a0 This is the only occurrence of gutter<\/em> in Greater Manchester<\/strong>, but it is more common in Lancashire<\/strong>:\u00a0 the Ribble\/Douglas <\/strong>rivers have six tributaries including gutter<\/em> as an element in their name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITTLE HILL <\/strong>is a residential area of Egerton <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from the 470-metre high hill nearby.\u00a0 It is first recorded in 1292 as Quitful<\/em> and with its modern spelling in 1612.\u00a0 It means \u2018white or bright hill\u2019 from the Old English hwit<\/em> + hyll<\/em>.\u00a0 Over time, the second element (hill<\/em>) was reduced to –le<\/em>, and so the meaning was reduplicated by adding another \u2018Hill\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WHITWORTH PARK <\/strong>is a public park with an art gallery south of Manchester <\/strong>city centre.\u00a0 The park and Whitworth Art Gallery were laid out on land purchased from the will of Sir Joseph Whitworth <\/em>(1803-1887), the engineer known for his standard screw threads.\u00a0 The park and gallery were donated to the City of Manchester and opened in 1890.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WICHEAVES<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0See<\/em> PEEL<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WICKENS BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises north of Pobgreen<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows through Wickens Clough to meet the Tame south of Uppermill<\/strong>.\u00a0 Wickens<\/em> and Wickens Clough<\/em> are recorded in 1725 and the name means \u2018wiggin or mountain ash trees\u2019 from Old English cwicen<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WIGAN <\/strong>is a town on the River Douglas <\/strong>and, since 1974, a metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in 1199 as Wigan<\/strong> and is probably an eponym meaning \u2018the dwelling or homestead of Wigan\u2019, from the Celtic personal name Wigan<\/em>.\u00a0 An alternative possibility is that it is from the Old English wicum<\/em>, meaning \u2018at the dwellings\u2019.\u00a0 According to folk etymology, the town\u2019s name is derived from the wiggin <\/em>tree, a variant of the rowan or mountain ash, and a wiggin tree is included on Wigan\u2019s coat of arms.\u00a0 \u2018Wiggin\u2019 is a dialect variant of Middle English quiken<\/em>, which is also found in Wickenlow in Lancashire<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WIGAN FLASHES NATURE RESERVE <\/strong>is a 260-hectare country park in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong> that forms one of the 8 sites of the Flashes of Wigan and Leigh<\/strong>.\u00a0 It consists of seven wetlands mostly formed by the subsidence of colliery workings at the turn of the 20th<\/sup> century – Bryn Marsh<\/strong>, Horrocks’ Flash<\/strong>, Ochre Flash<\/strong>, Pearson’s Flash<\/strong>, Scotman’s Flash<\/strong>, Turner’s Flash<\/strong> and Westwood Flash<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened as a nature reserve and site of special scientific interest in 2022. \u00a0A flash<\/em> is a mining term for a lake formed by subsidence (a meaning not included in the Oxford English Dictionary<\/em>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WIGAN PIER <\/strong>was originally a wharf on the Leeds & Liverpool Canal in Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was probably built sometime in the 18th<\/sup> century, when the main meaning of the word pier<\/em> was an industrial wharf or jetty rather than an entertainment facility built by the sea.\u00a0 Wigan Pier became a music-hall joke and featured in a song by George Formby, as well as the title of George Orwell\u2019s The Road to Wigan Pier<\/em>, a 1937 study of the social conditions of Lancashire\u2019s working classes.\u00a0 Orwell explained the joke:\u00a0 \u2018At one time, on one of the muddy little canals that run round the town, there used to be a tumble-down wooden jetty; and by way of a joke someone nicknamed this Wigan Pier. The joke caught on locally, and then the music-hall<\/a> comedians got hold of it, and they are the ones who have succeeded in keeping Wigan Pier alive as a byword\u2019. \u00a0The original Wigan Pier was demolished in about 1929 but nearby warehouses continued in use.\u00a0 In the 1980s they were converted into a museum of Victorian life but this closed in 2007 and current plans are to convert the buildings of Wigan Pier and Eckersley Mill <\/strong>for residential, retail and entertainment use.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WILBRAHAM ROAD<\/strong> is a long road in Chorlton-cum-Hardy<\/strong> and Fallowfield<\/strong> in south Manchester<\/strong>, originally built in the 1860s with large houses.\u00a0 It was named after Wilbraham<\/em> Egerton<\/strong> (1832-1909) of Tatton Park<\/strong>, who was MP for North Cheshire and the second chairman of the Manchester Ship Canal<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WILDERSWOOD<\/strong> is a 9.7-hectare woodland north east of Horwich<\/strong> and south of Wilders Moor in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1322 as Wilderhirst<\/em>, from Old English wilder<\/em>, meaning \u2018wild animal, especially a deer\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WILDHOUSE<\/strong> is an area in Butterworth<\/strong> in south-eastern Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 A property called \u2018Wyld House\u2019 is recorded in the area in the late 15th<\/sup> century, its name literally meaning the house or home of the Wyld <\/em>or Wylde <\/em>family, who are known to have lived in the area since the late 13th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WILL BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> which rises on Rocher<\/strong> Moss in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> and flows west through Will Clough to join Brun Brook<\/strong>, which then flows into the Tame as Diggle<\/strong> Brook.\u00a0 The name and its origin seem to be undated and undocumented.\u00a0 Possible derivations are Old English wilig <\/em>(\u2018the stream beside willow<\/em> trees\u2019) or wylla\/wyll<\/em> (\u2018the stream that comes from a well<\/em> or spring\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WILLOWS <\/strong>is a residential area north of Daubhill <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton <\/strong>dating from the 1930s.\u00a0 It takes its name from the nearby Willows Lane<\/em>, which is recorded in 1762 as part of the St Helens to Bolton turnpike.\u00a0 The lane also formed the boundary between Bolton and Rumworth<\/strong>.\u00a0 Willow comes from the Old English wilig<\/em> or welig<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WILSON BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Tame<\/strong> that rises as Godley<\/strong> Brook and flows west and then south to join the Tame in Hyde<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>. The name is recorded in 1800, when the Ashton family operated a mill at Godley beside Wilson Brook.\u00a0 The name is thought to be an eponym, perhaps from the local Wilson-Patten<\/em> family, one of whom, John Wilson-Patten (1802-1892) was MP for Lancashire<\/strong> and, later, North Lancashire from 1830 to 1874.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WINCE BROOK<\/strong> is a 5.1-kilometre tributary of the River Irk<\/strong> which rises south of Middleton Junction<\/strong> and flows north east to join the Irk in Middleton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the mid-19th<\/sup> century but it is known that it was formerly called Wink\u2019s Brook.\u00a0 The name probably means either \u2018a swiftly moving brook\u2019, from Middle English wincen<\/em> (\u2018to turn or move swiftly\u2019), or \u2018sharply-turning brook\u2019, from Old English wince\/wincel<\/em> (\u2018sharp bend, corner\u2019).\u00a0 The brook lends its name to Wince Brook Nature Reserve, which has been established since 2011.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WINDLEHURST <\/strong>is a small village south of Marple<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1759 with its modern spelling and means \u2018wooded hill where coarse grass grows\u2019, from the Middle English windle<\/em> (shortened from windel-str<\/em>\u0113aw<\/em>, meaning \u2018coarse grass used for making windles or woven baskets\u2019) + hyrst<\/em> (\u2018wooded hill\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WINDSOR <\/strong>is an area of Pendleton<\/strong> in the City of Salford<\/strong>, although the name seems to be falling out of use.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before the end of the 18th<\/sup> century, when Windsor Wharf was built, the Windsor Castle pub was opened in 1791, a road bridge was built over the Manchester Bolton and Bury Canal, and the New Windsor chapel was opened in 1797.\u00a0 The area seems to have originally been called \u2018New Windsor\u2019 and the name was transferred from Windsor<\/em> in Berkshire, the name of which means \u2018a slope with a windlass\u2019, from the Old English windels<\/em> (\u2018winding-gear, a winch, a windlass\u2019) + \u014dra<\/em> (\u2018a slope, shore\u2019). \u00a0Adopting the name of a fashionable or affluent town in the south of England was especially popular in the 1790s as a process of gentrification.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WINDY ARBOUR<\/strong> or WINDY HARBOUR <\/strong>is, with various spellings, found in several parts of England.\u00a0 There are two in Greater Manchester<\/strong>:\u00a0 Windy Arbour<\/strong>, a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan<\/strong>, south-west of Wigan itself, and Windy Harbour<\/strong>, a location east of Diggle<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The meaning in each case is \u2018windy shelter\u2019 or \u2018shelter from the wind’, from Old English windig <\/em>(\u2018windy\u2019) + here-beorg<\/em> (\u2018shelter\u2019).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 It used to be thought that the reference was to a resting place for legionnaires along a Roman road, but this theory has been challenged and it may refer simply to an exposed shelter.\u00a0 It seems that Windy Arbour in Wigan is not close to any Roman road, but Windy Arbour near Diggle is on the route of the Roman road from Manchester<\/strong> to Castleshaw<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WINDY HILL <\/strong>is a 389-metre hill in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> in the South Pennines<\/strong>, close to the border with West Yorkshire<\/strong> and the traditional border between Lancashire<\/strong> and Yorkshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is first recorded in the first edition of the Ordnance Survey maps of the 1840s-1850s but is almost certainly much older.\u00a0 The name is quite literal:\u00a0 an exposed hill<\/em> well-known for its winds<\/em> and gales up to 200 kph.\u00a0 The M62 crosses the area in Windy Hill Cutting and the Pennine Way<\/strong> Footbridge crosses the cutting at the eastern end in West Yorkshire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WINGATES <\/strong>is a village north of Westhoughton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1272 as Windyates<\/em>, meaning \u2018wind gate, a gate for the wind\u2019, referring to a pass through which the wind is funnelled, from Old English wind <\/em>+ geat<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018hole, opening, gap, pass, gate or gateway\u2019).\u00a0 The village is in an area exposed to the wind.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WINNING HILL <\/strong>is now a residential area of Gorton<\/strong> in the City of Manchester <\/strong>which is also known as Ryder Brow.\u00a0 Gorton and nearby Nico Ditch<\/strong> are said to have been the site of battles between the Anglo-Saxons and the Danes in the late 9th<\/sup> and early 10th<\/sup> centuries, and it is tempting to think that the name commemorates a decisive victory.\u00a0 However, it is also possible that is it derived from the Middle English win<\/em>, in the sense of reclaiming marshland or woodland for cultivation, or whin<\/em>, meaning \u2018gorse\u2019.\u00a0 19th<\/sup> century maps also give the name Ryder Brow or Rider Brow as an alternative to Winning Hill, but the Ryder spelling seems to have been standardised with the opening of Ryder Brow railway station in 1985.\u00a0 Ryder is thought to derive from George Ryder<\/em>, who oversaw the building of Maidens\u2019 Bridge<\/strong> over Gore Brook<\/strong> in 1737.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WINSTANLEY<\/strong> is a suburb of Wigan <\/strong>that was part of Lancashire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1206 as Unstanesle<\/em> but its origin and modern spelling are more clearly seen in Wynstaneslegh,<\/em> recorded in 1252.\u00a0 The name means \u2018Wynstan\u2019s clearing in a forest\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Wynstan<\/em> + l\u0113ah<\/em>.\u00a0 The personal name may be derived from the Old English wynn<\/em> (\u2018joy\u2019) + stan<\/em> (\u2018stone\u2019) and the mediaeval village is thought to be the origin of the \u2018Winstanley\u2019 family name.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WINTER HILL <\/strong>is a 457-metre-high hill in Bolton<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century as Wintyrhold<\/em> and Wintyrheld<\/em>, literally meaning \u2018winter hill\u2019 or \u2018winter slope\u2019.\u00a0 It has been suggested that the slopes (Old English -helde<\/em>) are sometimes covered with cotton grass, making it look as if they are covered in snow, even in summer.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WINTON<\/strong> is a residential area on the western edge of the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1284 as Wythynton<\/em> and as Wynton<\/em> in 1535.\u00a0 It means \u2018settlement among willow trees\u2019, from Old English withig<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018willow tree\u2019) or withigen\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018growing with willows\u2019) + t\u016bn <\/em>(\u2018enclosure, village\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WITHINGTON<\/strong> is a suburb of Manchester<\/strong>, 6.5 kilometres south of the city centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1212 as Withington<\/em>, from Old English withig<\/em>\u00a0(\u2018willow tree\u2019) or withigen\u00a0<\/em>(\u2018growing with willows\u2019) + t\u016bn <\/em>(\u2018enclosure, village\u2019), one of many places named after the willows that once grew there.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WODEN FOOTBRIDGE <\/strong>or WODEN STREET BRIDGE <\/strong>over the River Irwell<\/strong> between Ordsall<\/strong> in Salford<\/strong> and Cornbrook <\/strong>in Manchester<\/strong> was built in 1873 on the site of Woden\u2019s Ford<\/em>, an ancient crossing point that took the Roman road from Manchester to Wigan<\/strong> over the river.\u00a0 The ford took its name from the nearby Woden\u2019s Den, a cave in the sandstone river bank that was said to be a temple to the Saxon god Woden<\/em>, and later a Christian hermitage.\u00a0 The cave was destroyed in 1808 as its owner wanted to prevent travellers from visiting it for luck before crossing the river.\u00a0 The bridge is also known as \u2018Mark Addy\u2019s Bridge\u2019 after Mark Addy (1838-1890), a Salford innkeeper and champion rower who was awarded the Albert Medal (forerunner of the George Cross) for rescuing 50 people from the Irwell.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOLSTENHOLME <\/strong>is a residential area west of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1180 as Wolstonholme<\/em>, an eponym meaning \u2018Wulfstan<\/em>\u2019s raised land in a swampy area\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + Old Norse holmr.<\/em>\u00a0 Earlier suggestions that the name is derived from the Old English for \u2018wolf\u2019 are now discounted.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOMANSCROFT<\/strong> is a locality in north-east Bramhall<\/strong> close to Bramhall Green<\/strong> and Happy Valley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong>.\u00a0 Womanscroft Bridge across the Ladybrook<\/strong> was built in 1931 and replaced one from the early 18th<\/sup> century.\u00a0 However, an earlier bridge is recorded in 1637, when a landowning woman <\/em>who \u2018had a house with a small croft<\/em> and toft\u2019 was given certain legal rights, including being a juror and being \u2018exempt from the burden of repairing the bridge over Lady Brook, known as the Woman\u2019s Croft bridge\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODBANK MEMORIAL PARK <\/strong>is a 20-hectare public park in Offerton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport<\/strong> overlooking the River Goyt<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from Woodbank Farm<\/em>, which was purchased in 1812 by Peter Marsland, a local cotton manufacturer who built an estate and villa on the land.\u00a0 In 1920 these were sold to Sir Thomas Rowbotham, who donated the land to Stockport Council as a war memorial<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODEND <\/strong>or WOOD END <\/strong>is a common place name across England and Greater<\/strong> Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is usually literal:\u00a0 \u2018where the wood <\/em>(Old English wudu<\/em>) ends<\/em> (ende<\/em>)\u2019 or \u2018the place at the end<\/em> of the wood<\/em>\u2019.\u00a0 Woodend Mill in Mossley <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong> was built in 1830-40 but the settlement and its name may be older.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODFORD<\/strong> is a village outside of Stockport<\/strong> that was in Cheshire <\/strong>until 1974.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1248 as Widford<\/em> and with its modern spelling from 1430.\u00a0 It means \u2018the ford<\/em> in or by a wood<\/em>\u2019 from the Old English wudu<\/em> + ford<\/em>, and refers to a crossing of the River Dean<\/strong> in a forest.\u00a0 Woodford Aerodrome was opened by the aircraft manufacturer Avro in 1924 and closed in August 2011.\u00a0 Part of the former airfield now houses the Avro Heritage Museum<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODGATE HILL <\/strong>is a residential area north-east of Bury<\/strong> town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in parish registers in 1766 and means \u2018the hill<\/em> (Old English hyll<\/em>) by a road (Old Norse gata<\/em>) through a wood<\/em> (Old English wudu<\/em>)\u2019, presumably referring to its position at the junction of Bell Lane\/Rochdale Old Road and Castle Hill Road.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODHEYS<\/strong> HALL<\/strong> is a housing development in Ashton upon Mersey<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The estate dates from 1931 but the Woodheys name, meaning \u2018wood enclosures\u2019 from the Old English wudu<\/em> + h<\/em>\u00e6g<\/em>, is recorded in 1831.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODHEYS PARK<\/strong> is a 7.5-hectare public park in west Timperley<\/strong> north of Sinderland <\/strong>Brook in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was opened in the 1970s on land that was formerly Woodheys Farm<\/em>.\u00a0 The farm was recorded on the 1831 Ordnance Survey map of the area and means \u2018wood enclosures\u2019, from the Old English wudu<\/em> + h<\/em>\u00e6g.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODHILL <\/strong>and WOODHILL FOLD <\/strong>are residential areas north-west of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1563 as Wyddell<\/em>, meaning \u2018wide nook of land\u2019, from the Old English w<\/em>\u012bd<\/em> + halh<\/em>, referring to a meander in the nearby River Irwell<\/strong>.\u00a0 Over time, the name was rationalised to \u2018Woodhill\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODHOUSE GREEN\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>See<\/em> WOODHOUSES, Oldham<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODHOUSE LANE BROOK <\/strong>is a tributary of the River Spodden<\/strong> which rises on Rooley Moor<\/strong> west of Catley Lane<\/strong> Head<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and flows north and east to join the Spodden in Broadley in Rossendale in Lancashire.<\/strong>\u00a0 It takes its name from Woodhouse Lane<\/em>, which runs parallel with it in the early part of its course.\u00a0 A house named Woodhouse<\/em> is recorded in the area in 1709.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODHOUSE PARK<\/strong>\u00a0is a residential area on the southern edge of Wythenshawe<\/strong>\u00a0in south Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was formerly a \u2018gentleman\u2019s residence\u2019 with its own grounds but it was purchased by Manchester Corporation in 1949 and developed for housing and recreational areas.\u00a0 Woodhouse<\/em> is recorded in 1675 and literally means \u2018the house in or by the woods\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODHOUSES, Oldham, <\/strong>is an area south-east of Failsworth<\/strong>, about 8 kilometres north-east of Manchester<\/strong> city centre.\u00a0 It is recorded before 1390 as Woodheyes<\/em>, meaning \u2018an enclosure surrounded by woods\u2019, from Old English wudu <\/em>(\u2018wood, forest\u2019) + haga<\/em> (\u2019enclosure, property\u2019).\u00a0 The original meaning probably became forgotten and the name was rationalised to \u2018Woodhouses\u2019.\u00a0 The village of Bottom of Woodhouses is located south-west of Woodhouses.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODHOUSES, Trafford, <\/strong>is a residential area north-west of Timperley <\/strong>and north of Sinderland <\/strong>Brook.\u00a0 The name probably comes from Woodhouses Lane<\/em>, a road which (with various name changes) connects to Dunham Woodhouses<\/strong>.\u00a0 The original name meant \u2018houses in a wood\u2019, from Old English wudu<\/em> + h<\/em>\u016bs<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODLANDS <\/strong>is a residential area north-west of Mottram in Longdendale<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The area takes its name from Woodlands<\/em>, a country house built in the late 1850s or 1860s by Robert Platt (1802-1882), a local mill owner and philanthropist.\u00a0 The name seems to be a modern descriptive coinage.\u00a0 Platt and his wife later rented Dunham Massey<\/strong> before purchasing Dean Water, a house built in 1837 beside the River Dean<\/strong> in Woodford<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODLEY<\/strong> is a suburb of Stockport<\/strong>, north-east of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1326 as Wodley <\/em>or Wodlegh<\/em> and with its modern spelling from 1615.\u00a0 It means \u2018clearing in the wood\u2019 from Old English wudu<\/em> + l\u0113ah<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOOD PARK <\/strong>or WOODPARK <\/strong>is a rural and recreational area west of Bardsley<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is descriptive and is recorded from 1860, referring to Woodpark Colliery, Wood Park Farm and Wood Park Clough.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODS END<\/strong> or WOODSEND <\/strong>is an area north-west of Flixton<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1818 as Woodsend Farm<\/em> and it has been suggested that it was located at the end<\/em> of a road from an area known as Wood<\/em>, but this cannot be confirmed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOODSMOOR<\/strong> or WOODS MOOR<\/strong> is a suburb of Stockport<\/strong>, which was part of Cheshire<\/strong> until 1974.\u00a0 In the early 14th<\/sup> century the area was known as Snibbs Moor, from Snibb<\/em>, another word for bog.\u00a0 However, it is also known that it was wooded in mediaeval times, so that Woods Moor, first recorded in 1764, probably means \u2018the woods by the moor\u2019.\u00a0 Until the late 19th<\/sup> century, the area was known as Charlestown<\/strong>, probably after a Bramhall<\/strong> farmer named Charles<\/em> Croft who died in 1792.\u00a0 A map of 1830 shows both Charlesworth and Woods Moor but the name survives today only as Charlestown Road, which leads to what is now Woodsmoor.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOOLDEN <\/strong>is a rural area north-west of Cadishead<\/strong> alongside the Glaze Brook<\/strong> valley in the City of Salford<\/strong>.\u00a0 In the past, Great Woolden and Little Woolden were mosses that formed part of Chat Moss<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1299 as Vuleden<\/em>, probably from the Old English wulf<\/em> + denu<\/em> (\u2018valley\u2019), so that the meaning might be \u2018valley of the wolves\u2019.\u00a0 Great Woolden is an Iron Age roundhouse site and Little Woolden Moss forms part of Cadishead and Little Woolden Moss Nature Reserve.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOOLFOLD<\/strong> is a residential area south-east of Tottington<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is not well documented before about 1840, when dye works had already been established there.\u00a0 The area is particularly noted for Woolfold Viaduct, which was originally built in 1882 to carry the Bury & Tottington District Railway over Kirklees Brook<\/strong>.\u00a0 It was demolished in 1974 but replaced with a new viaduct for walkers and cyclists in 2012.\u00a0 Early forms of the name are not recorded but, given the history of wool textiles in the Bury area, it seems likely that it is derived from Old English wull <\/em>(\u2018wool\u2019) + fald<\/em> (\u2018a small enclosure for animals, a small herding settlement\u2019).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WOOLLEY BRIDGE <\/strong>is a small residential area on the edge of Hollingworth<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is recorded in 1286 as Woleg <\/em>and as Woolley<\/em> from 1400.\u00a0 The first record with Bridge<\/em> is 1842.\u00a0 It means \u2018clearing of wolves\u2019, from Old English wulf<\/em> + l\u0113ah.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WORSLEY <\/strong>is a village in the City of Salford<\/strong> about 10 kilometres west of the centre of Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 The Bridgewater Canal<\/strong> originally terminated at Worsley when it was opened in 1761 but it was later extended westward to Runcorn in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1196 as Werkesleia<\/em>, meaning \u2018the woodland or clearing (Old English -l\u0113ah<\/em>) belonging to a woman called Weorcg\u04efth <\/em>or a man called Weorch\u00e6th<\/em>\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WORSLEY HALL <\/strong>is a residential area west of Wigan<\/strong> built after World War II on the site of a country house or hall <\/em>that probably dated from the 18th century.\u00a0 Details of the house, its name and its owners are sparse \u2013 it was probably built by a family called Worsley<\/em>, but with no connection with Worsley <\/strong>or Worsley Hall in Salford<\/strong>, and demolished in the late 19th<\/sup> or early 20th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WORSLEY MESNES <\/strong>is a suburb of Wigan<\/strong>, south of the town centre.\u00a0 The name is not well documented but it can be traced back at least as far as the 17th<\/sup> century, when a country house with this name is recorded.\u00a0 It consists of three elements.\u00a0 The third is from the Anglo-Norman demesnes<\/em>, meaning \u2018the domain or manor of\u2019 a particular landowner.\u00a0 The first and second are presumably far older, coming from the Old English Anglo-Saxon personal name Weorcg\u04efth<\/em> + -l\u0113ah <\/em>(\u2018clearing\u2019).\u00a0 The area includes Mesnes Park, a large public park opened in 1927.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WORTHINGTON<\/strong> is a thinly-populated area about 6.5 kilometres north of Wigan<\/strong> which also gives its name to the three Worthington Lakes reservoirs and Worthington Lakes Country Park.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1210 as Worthinton<\/em>, an eponym meaning \u2018Worth<\/em>\u2019s village\u2019, from the Anglo-Saxon personal name + ing<\/em> (\u2018named after, belonging to\u2019) + t\u016bn<\/em> (\u2018enclosure, village\u2019).\u00a0 The three reservoirs are fed by the River Douglas<\/strong> and were built in the mid-19th<\/sup> century to supply Wigan and now form part of the 20-hectare country park.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WORTHINGTON PARK<\/strong> is a 6.5-hectare public park in Sale <\/strong>in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford<\/strong>.\u00a0 At the end of the 19th<\/sup> century the local authority wanted to develop a public park in Sale to celebrate Queen Victoria<\/strong>\u2019s diamond jubilee but the funding was not approved.\u00a0 However, Mary Worthington<\/em> of Sale Old Hall provided the funding and on 30 June 1900 she opened the park, which was named Sale Park.\u00a0 In 1950, 50 years after the park was opened, it was renamed in her memory Mary Worthington.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WRIGLEY BROOK <\/strong>is a short, culverted tributary of the River Roch<\/strong> that rises south of Heywood<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong> and flows northwards to its confluence with the Roch at Bottom o\u2019 th\u2019 Brow<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1777, when it powered Wrigley Brook Mill, the first cotton mill in Heywood.\u00a0 The name comes from the Wrigley<\/em> family, who were prominent in the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/strong> and Hopwood in south-east Lancashire <\/strong>from the 15th<\/sup> century.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WUERDLE <\/strong>is a residential area west of Littleborough<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in about 1180 as Werdull<\/em>, possibly meaning \u2018the clearing where troops are stationed\u2019, from Old English weorod<\/em> (\u2018army\u2019) + l\u0113ah<\/em> (wood, clearing\u2019).\u00a0 Nearby Wardle<\/strong> means \u2018look-out hill\u2019 and it has been suggested that the troops keeping watch on Wardle Hill were stationed in Wuerdle.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WYTHENSHAWE<\/strong> is today a district in south Manchester <\/strong>which was formerly in Cheshire<\/strong>.\u00a0 <\/strong>\u00a0The name is recorded in the 13th<\/sup> century as Witenscawe <\/em>and with its modern spelling in 1548.\u00a0 It means \u2018willow copse\u2019, from the Old English w\u012bthign <\/em>(\u2018withy tree, willow\u2019) + sceaga <\/em>(\u2018copse, small wood\u2019).\u00a0 The name originally applied only to a country house dating from about 1540 called Wythenshawe Hall, but in 1925 this was purchased, along with 100 hectares of farmland, by Ernest Simon (son of Henry Simon<\/strong>) and Shena Simon<\/strong>, and donated to the City of Manchester.\u00a0 The City then purchased an additional 1000 hectares in 1926 to build a garden city.\u00a0 In 1931, the whole area was transferred to the City of Manchester and collectively became known as \u2018Wythenshawe\u2019.\u00a0 In the 1930s it was the location for large-scale development, forming a council housing estate over 2000 hectares in area \u2013 the largest in Europe at the time.\u00a0 Over time, the Wythenshawe estate absorbed several of the farms and hamlets in the area \u2013 Baguley,<\/strong> Brooklands<\/strong>, Northenden<\/strong>, Sharston<\/strong> and Woodhouse Park<\/strong>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Y<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
YELLOW BROOK<\/strong> is a stream which rises in Haigh <\/strong>Woodland Park and flows west to join the River Douglas<\/strong> in Wigan<\/strong>.\u00a0 It takes its name from its yellow<\/em> colour, which comes from the iron in the water as it drains from mine workings.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
YEOMAN HEY RESERVOIR <\/strong>is one of four reservoirs in the Peak District<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> fed by Greenfield<\/strong> Brook and supplying water to the towns of what is now Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The four are Yeoman Hey, completed in 1880, Greenfield <\/strong>(1902), Chew<\/strong> (1912) and Dove Stone<\/strong> (1968).\u00a0 Yeoman Hey is said to take its name from Yeoman Hey Cottage<\/em>, a late 18th<\/sup> century stone cottage that is now a listed building, but the origin of the name is uncertain.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
YEW TREE <\/strong>is a residential area of Dukinfield<\/strong> in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside<\/strong>.\u00a0 The name is recorded in 1830, when it was described as \u2018an old farm named after a huge old yew that grew beside it\u2019.\u00a0\u00a0 The name \u2018yew\u2019 is derived from the Old English \u012bw<\/em> or \u0113ow<\/em>.\u00a0 Yews are the oldest trees in England but relatively few places are named after them (but see Yorkshire<\/strong>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
YORKSHIRE <\/strong>is the traditional name for the county in north-east England that was previously divided into three Ridings (i.e. thirdings) \u2013 North, East and West.\u00a0 In 1974, it was divided into four counties \u2013 North Yorkshire, East Yorkshire, South Yorkshire and West Yorkshire<\/strong> \u2013 although some parts of Saddleworth<\/strong> in West Yorkshire are now administered as part of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham<\/strong> in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 Yorkshire is derived from the city of York<\/em> + Old English sc<\/em>\u012br<\/em> (\u2018district\u2019).\u00a0 York itself dates from about AD 150 and probably means \u2018place of the yew trees\u2019.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS & SOURCES<\/strong><\/p>\n

This book has largely been compiled through extensive desk research \u2013 gathering the work of earlier scholars rather than carrying out any original field or documentary research.\u00a0 The works of the standard authors on the place names of Britain and north-west England over the past 150 years have all been consulted.\u00a0 These are listed below and I readily acknowledge my great debt to them.\u00a0 However, many smaller and more recently-named places are not included in these books and so I have spent countless hours searching countless websites to explore such place names.\u00a0 Especially useful were those of the many local historians, archaeologists and conservationists who have researched the place names of Greater Manchester in great detail and depth.\u00a0 This is not intended to be a scholarly reference work and these websites are too numerous to list here, but particular mention should be made of the following:\u00a0 Aidan O’Rourke, Allan Russell, Andrew Simpson, the Bolton News<\/em>, British History Online; the English Dialect Dictionary<\/em>, the English Place Name Society, the Gazetteer of British Place Names, the Greater Manchester Archaeological Advisory Service, Grace\u2019s Guide<\/em>, the Lancashire Online Parish project, the Manchester Evening News<\/em>, National Heritage List for England<\/a>, the Oxford English Dictionary<\/em>, Saddleworth Historical Society Bulletin, Surname DB, Wikipedia<\/em>.<\/p>\n

It might be expected that AI would have been a major tool in the compiling of this dictionary, but in fact AI proved to be of very limited use.\u00a0 Various AI tools were used to collect and check basic factual information, but they proved of limited use in the research and drafting of entries.\u00a0 It was found that AI not only offered little evidence as to the origin of place names, but theories and suggestions were often geographically, historically or linguistically incorrect.\u00a0 In extreme cases, AI tools offered absurd \u2018facts\u2019- that Peel Causeway, for example, stretched from north Cheshire across the Irish Sea to Peel on the Isle of Man!\u00a0 In other cases, alternative or even contradictory suggestions were made by the same AI tool at different times.\u00a0 AI, it seems, has some way to go before it can be a reliable aid in place-name research.<\/p>\n

I should particularly like to thank Dr Ann Cole, Dr Wendy Scarlin and Judith Fell for scrutinizing and correcting the original text, and for their invaluable advice and contributions.\u00a0 All errors and omissions are my own responsibility.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

BIBLIOGRAPHY<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Ashworth, Geoffrey<\/td>\n2023<\/td>\nThe Lost Rivers of Manchester<\/em><\/td>\nAltrincham:\u00a0 Willow Publishing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Baines, Edward<\/td>\n1888<\/td>\nThe History of the County Palatine and <\/em><\/p>\n

Duchy of Lancaster<\/em><\/td>\n

Manchester:\u00a0 John Heywood<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Billington, W D<\/td>\n1982<\/td>\nFrom Affetside to Yarrow:\u00a0 Bolton Place Names and their History<\/em><\/td>\nBolton:\u00a0 Ron Anderson Publications<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bradshaw, L D<\/td>\n1985<\/td>\nOrigins of Street Names in the City Centre of Manchester<\/em><\/td>\nManchester:\u00a0 Neil Richardson<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buckley, Mike<\/td>\n2017<\/td>\n\u2018The origins and evolution of a Pennine township:\u00a0 medieval and early modern settlement in Saddleworth\u2019, chapter 11 of Smith, Nigel (ed), History of the South Pennines:\u00a0 the legacy of Alan Petford<\/em>,<\/td>\nHebden Bridge:\u00a0 Local History Society<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cameron, Kenneth<\/td>\n1959<\/td>\nThe Place Names of Derbyshire, Part I<\/em><\/td>\nCambridge:\u00a0 University Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cole, E Ann<\/td>\n2015<\/td>\nPlants, Place Names and Habitats<\/td>\nAshmolean Natural History Society Journal<\/em>, vol 6, pp. 94-102<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Clark, David<\/td>\n1973<\/td>\nGreater Manchester Votes:\u00a0 A Guide to the New Metropolitan Authorities<\/em><\/td>\nStockport:\u00a0 Redrose<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Crosby, Alan G<\/td>\n2010<\/td>\nUnofficial place-names in nineteenth- and twentieth-century South Lancashire<\/td>\nNomina<\/em> 33, pp. 45\u201364<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2019<\/td>\nPlace-names and the medieval landscape in the Manchester area<\/td>\nManchester Memoirs, <\/em>157, pp.55-64<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Defoe, Daniel<\/td>\n1724-26\/ 1991<\/td>\nA Tour Through the Whole Island of Great Britain<\/em><\/td>\nNew Haven:\u00a0 Yale University Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Dodgson, J McN<\/td>\n<\/td>\nThe Place Names of Cheshire<\/em><\/td>\nCambridge:\u00a0 University Press\/English Place-Name Society<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1970a<\/td>\nPart I\u00a0 Macclesfield Hundred<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1970b<\/td>\nPart II Bucklow and Northwich Hundreds<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1981<\/td>\nPart V 1:i\u00a0 City of Chester; the Elements of Cheshire Place-Names A-Gylden<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1981<\/td>\nPart V 1:ii\u00a0 The Elements of Cheshire Place-Names Haca-Yolden<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1997<\/td>\nPart V 2\u00a0 Introduction, Linguistic Notes and Indexes<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ekwall, Eilert<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n

1922\/2019<\/td>\nThe Place-Names of Lancashire<\/em><\/td>\nManchester:\u00a0 University Press (Alpha Editions)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n1960<\/td>\nThe Concise Oxford Dictionary of Place Names<\/em>, 4th<\/sup> edition<\/td>\nOxford:\u00a0 Clarendon Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Engels, Friedrich<\/td>\n1845\/1987<\/td>\nThe Condition of the Working Class in England<\/em><\/td>\nLondon:\u00a0 Penguin Books<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fiennes, Celia<\/td>\nc.1682-c.1712\/1984<\/td>\nThe Illustrated Journeys of Celia Fiennes<\/em><\/td>\nLondon:\u00a0 Macdonald & Co.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Francis, James F<\/td>\n2004<\/td>\nHarwood Hill Farms and Riding Gate<\/em><\/td>\nTurton Local History Society<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Frangopulo, N J<\/td>\n1977<\/td>\nTradition in Action \u2013 The Historical Evolution of the Greater Manchester County<\/em><\/td>\nWakefield:\u00a0 EP Publishing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Garmonsway, G N (translator)<\/td>\n1953<\/td>\nThe Anglo-Saxon Chronicle<\/em><\/td>\nLetchworth:\u00a0 Aldine Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Gelling, Margaret<\/td>\n1994<\/td>\nPlace-names in the Landscape<\/em><\/td>\nLondon:\u00a0 J M Dent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1997<\/td>\nSignposts to the Past<\/em><\/td>\nChichester:\u00a0 Phillimore<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Gelling, M & Ann Cole<\/td>\n2000<\/td>\nThe Landscape of Place Names<\/em><\/td>\nStamford:\u00a0 Shaun Tyas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Goodall, Armitage<\/td>\n1913<\/td>\nPlace-Names of South-West Yorkshire<\/em><\/td>\nCambridge:\u00a0 University Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Harland, John (ed)<\/td>\n1862<\/td>\nMamecestre:\u00a0 being chapters from the early recorded history of the Barony of Manchester<\/em><\/td>\nChetham Society, vol III<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Insley, John<\/td>\n1986<\/td>\nToponymy and Settlements in the North West<\/td>\nNomina<\/em> 10, pp. 169-76<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n2022<\/td>\nEilert Ekwall and Lancashire Place Names<\/td>\nLancashire Place Name Survey Newsletter<\/em>, September 2022, pp3-10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Johnston, James<\/td>\n1915<\/td>\nThe Place-Names of England and Wales<\/em><\/td>\nLondon:\u00a0 John Murray<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kenyon, Denise<\/td>\n1991<\/td>\nThe Origins of Lancashire<\/em><\/td>\nManchester:\u00a0 University Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Leech, Geoffrey<\/td>\n2006<\/td>\nThe unique heritage of place-names in North-West England<\/em><\/td>\nhttps:\/\/www.lancaster.ac.uk<\/a> > leechg > leech_2006<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lewis, William<\/td>\n2011<\/td>\nWhat\u2019s in an English Place-Name?<\/em><\/td>\nAbingdon:\u00a0 Brazen Head Publishing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
March, Henry Colley<\/td>\n1880<\/td>\nEast Lancashire Nomenclature and Rochdale Names<\/em><\/td>\nLondon:\u00a0 Simpkin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mikes, George<\/td>\n1946<\/td>\nHow to be an Alien<\/em><\/td>\nLondon:\u00a0 Penguin Books<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Miller, David<\/td>\n2018\/2022<\/td>\nAltrincham Area History<\/em><\/td>\nhttps:\/\/www.altrinchamheritage.com<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mills, David<\/td>\n1976<\/td>\nThe Place Names of Lancashire<\/em><\/td>\nLondon:\u00a0 B T Batsford<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mills, A D<\/td>\n1991<\/td>\nA Dictionary of English Place Names<\/em><\/td>\nOxford:\u00a0 University Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Moorman, F W<\/td>\n1910<\/td>\nPlace-Names of the West Riding of Yorkshire<\/em><\/td>\nLeeds:\u00a0 Thoresby Society<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mullineux, C Elsie & Frank Mullineux<\/td>\n1990<\/td>\nOrigins of Street Names \u2013 Worsley and Little Hulton<\/em><\/td>\nLittle Hulton:\u00a0 Streetgate Printing and Stationery<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Parkinson-Bailey, John<\/td>\n2000<\/td>\nManchester \u2013 An Architectural History<\/em><\/td>\nManchester:\u00a0 University Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Potter, Simeon<\/td>\n1955<\/td>\nCheshire Place Names<\/em><\/td>\nLiverpool:\u00a0 Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Potter, Simeon<\/td>\n1959<\/td>\nSouth-West Lancashire Place-Names<\/em><\/td>\nLiverpool:\u00a0 Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire, vol III, pages 1-23<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Poulton-Smith, Anthony<\/td>\n2012<\/td>\nCheshire Place Names<\/em><\/td>\nRoss-on-Wye:\u00a0 Fineleaf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Reaney, P H<\/td>\n1964<\/td>\nThe Origin of English Place Names<\/em><\/td>\nLondon:\u00a0 Routledge & Kegan Paul<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Room, Adrian<\/td>\n1988\/1993<\/td>\nDictionary of Place-Names of the British Isles<\/em><\/td>\nLeicester:\u00a0 Bookmart<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n1985<\/td>\nA Concise Dictionary of Modern Place Names in Great Britain and Ireland<\/em><\/td>\nOxford:\u00a0 Oxford University Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n1989<\/td>\nDictionary of World Place Names Derived from British Names<\/em><\/td>\nLondon:\u00a0 Routledge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Royle, William<\/td>\n1914<\/td>\nHistory of Rusholme<\/em><\/td>\nManchester:\u00a0 William Morris Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sephton, J<\/td>\n1913<\/td>\nA Handbook of Lancashire Place-Names<\/em><\/td>\nLiverpool:\u00a0 H Young & Sons<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Slater, Terry R<\/td>\n2004<\/td>\nPlanning English medieval \u2018street towns\u2019: the Hertfordshire evidence <\/em><\/td>\nhttps:\/\/www.researchgate.net \u203a publication \u203a 27174965…<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Stewart, George R<\/td>\n1970<\/td>\nA Concise Dictionary of American Place-Names<\/em><\/td>\nNew York:\u00a0 Oxford University Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sussex, Gay, Peter Helm & Andrew Brown<\/td>\n1987<\/td>\nLooking Back at Levenshulme and Burnage<\/em><\/td>\nAltrincham:\u00a0 Willow Publishing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Smith, A H<\/td>\n1956a<\/td>\nEnglish Place-Name Elements, Part I<\/em><\/td>\nCambridge:\u00a0 University Press\/English Place-Name Society<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1956b<\/td>\nEnglish Place-Name Elements, Part II<\/em><\/td>\nCambridge:\u00a0 University Press\/English Place-Name Society<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1986<\/td>\nThe Place-Names of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Part II\u00a0 Osgoldcross and Agbrigg Wapentakes<\/em><\/td>\nCambridge:\u00a0 University Press\/English Place-Name Society<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Swain, N V<\/td>\n1987<\/td>\nA History of Sale<\/em><\/td>\nWilmslow:\u00a0 Sigma Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Watts, Victor<\/td>\n2004<\/td>\nThe Cambridge Dictionary of English Place-Names<\/em><\/td>\nCambridge:\u00a0 Cambridge University Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Waugh, Edwin<\/td>\n1855 & 1857<\/td>\nLancashire Sketches<\/em><\/td>\nManchester:\u00a0 John Heywood<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Wyld, Henry & T Oakes Hirst<\/td>\n1911<\/td>\nThe Place Names of Lancashire:\u00a0 their Origin and History<\/em><\/td>\nLondon:\u00a0 Constable & Co.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

APPENDIX 1:\u00a0 DOMESDAY BOOK ENTRIES FOR GREATER MANCHESTER<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Following the conquest of 1066, William I ordered a survey of the whole of England to record all settlements and properties to determine what taxes would be due.\u00a0 This was completed as the Domesday Book in 1086-1087 and recorded 13,418 places in total.\u00a0 Approximately 600 were in what are now Cheshire<\/strong> and Lancashire<\/strong>, but only 23 were in Greater Manchester<\/strong>.\u00a0 It is sometimes said that William\u2019s surveyors were less than diligent when it came to the north of England, but it is more likely that the genocidal \u2018harrying of the north\u2019 of 1069-1070, in which William\u2019s armies killed up to 150,000 people, left much of the north west \u2018waste\u2019 \u2013 uninhabited and of little value \u2013 as can be seen from many of the entries below.<\/em><\/p>\n

The overall picture is of sparsely-populated woodland and ploughed arable land, with details of the dimensions and taxable value.\u00a0 The reduced values are another indication of the effects of the harrying.\u00a0 There are several mentions of hawks\u2019 nests – a sign of the earls\u2019 love of hunting.\u00a0 <\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

BAGULEY (Bagelei) <\/strong>Ranulph and Hamo hold Sinderland Green and Baguley.\u00a0 Aleard and Sucga and Wudumannm and Pat held it as 4 manors and were free men.\u00a0 There is 1 hide paying geld.\u00a0 There is land for 1\u00bd ploughs.\u00a0 The whole is waste.\u00a0 [Before 1066] it was worth 3s.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOLTON (Bodeltun) <\/strong>6 carucates<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BOWDON (Bogedone)\u00a0 <\/strong>The same Hamo holds Bowdon.\u00a0 Alweard held it and was a free man.\u00a0 There is land for 2 ploughs.\u00a0 There 2 Frenchman have 1 plough.\u00a0 There is priest and a church to which half of his hide belongs.\u00a0 There is a mill rendering 16s.\u00a0 it is worth 3s.\u00a0 It was waste and he found it so.\u00a0 <\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BRAMHALL (Bramale)\u00a0 <\/strong>The same Hamo holds Bramhall.\u00a0 Brun and Hakun held it as 2 manors and were free men.\u00a0 There is 1 hide paying geld.\u00a0 There is land for 6 ploughs.\u00a0 There 1 radman and 2 villans and 2 bordars have 1 plough.\u00a0 There is woodland half a league long and as much wide, and half an enclosure, and 1 acre of meadow.\u00a0 It was worth 32s; now 5s.\u00a0 He found it waste.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BREDBURY (Bretberie) <\/strong>\u00a0The same Richard de Vernon holds Bredbury, and Wulfric holds of him, who is also a free man.\u00a0 There is one hide paying geld.\u00a0 There is land for 3 ploughs.\u00a0 There 1 radman and 6 villans and 2 bordars have 1 plough.\u00a0 There is woodland 1 league long and half a league wide and 3 enclosures and 1 hawk eyrie.\u00a0 [Before 1066] it was worth 10s; now the same.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEADLE (Cedde) <\/strong>Gamal holds Cheadle of the earl.\u00a0 His father held it as a free man.\u00a0 There are 2 hides paying geld.\u00a0 There is land for 6 ploughs.\u00a0 In desmesne is 1 plough and 2 oxmen; and 4 villans and 3 bordars with 2 ploughs.\u00a0 There is woodland 1 league long and half wide, and an enclosure and a hawk\u2019s eyrie, and 1 acre of meadow.\u00a0 It was and is worth 10s.\u00a0 The whole manor is 2 leagues long and 1 wide.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CRIMBLES (Crimeles) <\/strong>In Preston \u2026. Crimbles 1 carucate<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DUNHAM (MASSEY)<\/strong>\u00a0 (Doneham)<\/strong>\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0The same Hamo holds Dunham.\u00a0 Alweard held it and was a free man.\u00a0 There is 1 hide paying geld.\u00a0 There is land for 3 ploughs.\u00a0 In demesne is 1 plough and 2 oxmen, and 2 villans and 1 bordar, and 1 acre of woodland, and in the city 1 house.\u00a0 It was worth 12s; 10s.\u00a0 It was waste.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GREENHALGH (> GREENMOUNT) (Greneholf) \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>In Preston \u2026 Greenhalgh 3<\/em> c<\/strong>arucates<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HALE (Hale)<\/strong>\u00a0 The same Hamo holds Hale.\u00a0 Alweard held it.\u00a0 There is 1 hide paying geld.\u00a0 There is land for 2\u00bd ploughs.\u00a0 There 3 villans with 1 radman have 2 ploughs.\u00a0 There is woodland 1 league long and a half wide, and an enclosure, and a hawk\u2019s eyrie, and half an acre of meadow.\u00a0 [Before 1066] it was worth 15s; now 12s.\u00a0 He found it waste.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HOLLINGWORTH (Holisurde)\u00a0 <\/strong>The earl himself holds \u2026 Hollingworth at 1 virgate.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LONGDENDALE (Langedenedale)\u00a0 <\/strong>In Longdendale \u2026 had 4 bovates of land to the geld. \u2026 The whole of Longdendale is waste. There is woodland, not for pasture but suitable for hunting.\u00a0 The whole is 8 leagues long and 4 leagues broad.\u00a0 [Before 1066] it was worth 40s.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
LUDWORTH (Lodeuorde)\u00a0 <\/strong>In Ludworth Brun had 4 bovates of land.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER\u00a0 <\/strong>The Church of St Mary and the Church of St Michael held in Manchester 1 carucate of land quit of every customary due except geld.\u00a0 <\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEWTON (Neweton)\u00a0 <\/strong>In Newton Leofric and Leofnoth had 3 carucates of land to the geld.\u00a0 There is land for 5 ploughs.\u00a0 There is now 1 plough in demesne, and 13 villans and 4 bordars having 5 ploughs.\u00a0 There is a priest having 1 bordar, and 7 acres of meadow.\u00a0 There is woodland pasture 1 league long and a half broad.\u00a0 [Before 1066] worth \u00a34; now 30s.\u00a0 Ralph holds it.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORBURY (Nordberie)\u00a0 <\/strong>The same Bigod holds Norbury.\u00a0 Brun held it and was a free man.\u00a0 There is 1 hide paying geld.\u00a0 There is land for 4 ploughs.\u00a0 There is one radman with 3 bordars has 1 plough.\u00a0 There is 1 acre of meadow, woodland 5 leagues long and 3 leagues wide, and 5 enclosures there.\u00a0 It was worth 10s; now 3s.\u00a0 He found it waste.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NORTHENDEN (Norwordine)\u00a0 <\/strong>\u00a0Ranulph and Bigod hold of the earl Northenden.\u00a0 Wulfgeat held it as 1 manor and was a free man.\u00a0 There is 1 hide paying geld.\u00a0 There is land for 2 ploughs.\u00a0 It is waste.\u00a0 There is a church and 2 furlongs of woodland.\u00a0 It is worth 3s.\u00a0 [Before 1066] it was worth 10s.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RADCLIFFE (Radeclive)\u00a0 <\/strong>King Edward held Radcliffe as a manor.\u00a0 There is 1 hide and another hide belonging to Salford.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROCHDALE (Recedham)\u00a0 <\/strong>Gamal, holdiomg 2 hides in Rochdale, was quit of his customs except these 6:\u00a0 housebreaking, highway robbery, breach of the king\u2019s peace, breach of a due date set by the reeve, continuance of fighting after the oath was made.\u00a0 For these he paid a fine of 40s.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROMILEY (Rumelie) <\/strong>\u00a0The earl himself holds \u2026Romiley at 1 virgate \u2026. The whole was and is waste. <\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SALFORD <\/strong>\u00a0King Edward held Salford.\u00a0 There are 3 hides and 12 carucates of waste land and forest 3 leagues long and as much broad and there are several enclosures and a hawk\u2019s eyrie\u2026. The whole manor of Salford with the hundred rendered \u00a337.4s.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SINDERLAND (Sundreland)\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>See Baguley<\/strong><\/em> above.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WARBURTON (Wareburgetune) <\/strong>\u00a0Rawn held it and was a free man.\u00a0 There is half a hide paying geld.\u00a0 There is land for 1 plough.\u00a0 There is 1 radman and 2 villans and 1 bordar with half a plough.\u00a0 It was worth 5s [before 1066]; now 2s.\u00a0 It was waste.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

APPENDIX 2:\u00a0 LOWRY LOCATIONS IN GREATER MANCHESTER <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Of all the cities in Britain, 20th<\/sup>-century Manchester is probably the best documented, largely through the work of Laurence Stephen Lowry (1887-1976).\u00a0 Lowry was born in Stretford and spent his youth in Rusholme, but the family moved to Pendlebury in 1909.\u00a0 He studied at the Manchester School of Art, where he was taught by the French Impressionist, Adolphe Valette (see<\/em> Appendix 3), and later at the Royal Technical Institute in Salford.\u00a0 Although he was recognised as an accomplished artist during his lifetime, he continued to work for a property company until his retirement in 1952.\u00a0 He moved to Mottram in Longdendale in 1948 and died in hospital in Glossop at the age of 88.<\/p>\n

Many of Lowry\u2019s works are \u2018composites\u2019, combining elements from different places with imaginary scenes.\u00a0 However, many do depict actual identifiable places in what is now Greater Manchester.\u00a0 These locations are listed below.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
LOCATION<\/strong><\/td>\nTITLE<\/strong><\/td>\nDATE<\/strong><\/td>\nNOTES<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
ADELPHI<\/td>\nThe River Irwell at the Adelphi<\/em><\/td>\n1924<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AGECROFT<\/td>\nAgecroft Regatta<\/em><\/td>\n1949<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ANCOATS<\/td>\nGreat Ancoats Street<\/em><\/td>\nc.1929<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Great Ancoats Street, Manchester<\/em><\/td>\n1930<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ancoats Hospital Outpatients\u2019 Hall<\/em><\/td>\n1952<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ancoats Hospital Outpatients\u2019 Hall<\/em><\/td>\nu\/d<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASHTON-UNDER-LYNE<\/td>\nIndustrial Landscape<\/em><\/td>\n1952<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BROUGHTON<\/td>\nA View from the Window of Royal Technical College, Salford, Looking towards Broughton<\/em><\/td>\n1925<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Houses in Broughton<\/em><\/td>\n1937<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
BURNDEN<\/td>\nGoing to the Match<\/em><\/td>\n1953<\/td>\nBolton Wanderers\u2019 football ground<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHEADLE HULME<\/td>\nThe Drive, \u2018Oaklands\u2019<\/em><\/td>\n1947<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Portrait of a House<\/em><\/td>\nc.1947<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Portrait of a House<\/em><\/td>\n1954<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CHORLTON-ON-MEDLOCK<\/td>\nDavid Lloyd George\u2019s Birthplace<\/em><\/td>\n1958<\/td>\nHouse demolished 1957<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CLIFTON<\/td>\nWet Earth Colliery, Clifton<\/em><\/td>\n1925<\/td>\nNow Clifton Country Park<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Clifton Junction, Morning<\/em><\/td>\n1910<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Clifton Junction, Evening<\/em><\/td>\n1910<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A Footbridge<\/em><\/td>\n1944<\/td>\nPack Saddle or Roving Bridge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COLLYHURST<\/td>\nA Footbridge<\/em><\/td>\n1938<\/td>\nAlso known as \u2018Barney\u2019s Steps\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CORONATION STREET, Salford<\/td>\nCoronation Street<\/em><\/td>\n1957<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CRIME LAKE<\/td>\nCrime Lake<\/em><\/td>\n1942<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CROWTHER STREET, Stockport<\/td>\nCrowther Street, Stockport<\/em><\/td>\n1930<\/td>\nOriginal houses demolished in the 1960s but restored early in the 2000s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Crowther Street, Stockport<\/em><\/td>\n1934<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DAISY NOOK, Droylsden<\/td>\nLancashire Fair, Good Friday, Daisy Nook<\/em><\/td>\n1946<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Fairground<\/em><\/td>\n1949<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fairground at Daisy Nook<\/em><\/td>\n1956<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
DIXON FOLD<\/td>\nWet Earth Colliery, Clifton<\/em><\/td>\n1925<\/td>\nNow Clifton Country Park<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ECCLES<\/td>\nEccles Railway Station<\/em><\/td>\n1963<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EXCHANGE STATION<\/td>\nStation Approach<\/em><\/td>\n1960<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Station Approach<\/em><\/td>\n1962<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FAILSWORTH<\/td>\nOld Road, Failsworth<\/em><\/td>\n1957<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Children Playing, Old Road, Failsworth<\/em><\/td>\n1957<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
FAIRFIELD<\/td>\nThe Canal Bridge<\/em><\/td>\n1944<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GATLEY<\/td>\nThe Empty House<\/em><\/td>\n1934<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Old House<\/em><\/td>\n1936<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Old House, Gatley<\/em><\/td>\n1937<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
GAYTHORN<\/td>\nOldfield Road Dwelling<\/em><\/td>\n1927<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Oldfield Road Dwellings<\/em><\/td>\n1929<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River IRWELL<\/td>\nThe River Irwell at the Adelphi<\/em><\/td>\n1924<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A View of the River Irwell from Peel Park<\/em><\/td>\n1924<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River Irwell at Salford<\/em><\/td>\nc.1924<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River Scene\/Industrial Landscape<\/em><\/td>\n1935<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Lake<\/em><\/td>\n1937<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River Scene<\/em><\/td>\n1942<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River Irwell at Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1947<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A River Bank<\/em><\/td>\n1947<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Agecroft Regatta<\/em><\/td>\n1948<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER<\/td>\nSt John\u2019s Church, Deansgate<\/em><\/td>\n1920<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sketch of St John\u2019s, Manchester<\/em><\/td>\nc.1920<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
St John\u2019s Church, Manchester<\/em><\/td>\n1928<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Viaduct, Store Street, Manchester<\/em><\/td>\n1929<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
St John\u2019s Church<\/em><\/td>\n1938<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A Footbridge<\/em><\/td>\n1938<\/td>\nCollyhurst footbridge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
After the Blitz<\/em><\/td>\n1942<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Manchester Blitz\/St Augustine\u2019s Church, Hulme<\/em><\/td>\n1943<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Going to Work<\/em><\/td>\n1943<\/td>\nMather & Platt Works<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Going to Work<\/em><\/td>\n1944<\/td>\nMather & Platt Works<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
St Augustine\u2019s Church, Manchester<\/em><\/td>\n1945<\/td>\nDestroyed in Manchester blitz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Industrial Landscape<\/em><\/td>\n1955<\/td>\nMather & Platt Works<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Reference Library<\/em><\/td>\n1972<\/td>\nNow Manchester Central Library<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MIDDLETON<\/td>\nOld Church and Steps<\/em><\/td>\n1960<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MOTTRAM-IN-LONGDENDALE<\/td>\nAgricultural Fair<\/em><\/td>\n1949<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Hat Rack <\/em><\/td>\n1966<\/td>\nLowry\u2019s home:<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PEEL PARK, Salford<\/td>\nPeel Park Sketch<\/em><\/td>\n1919<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Peel Park Sketch<\/em><\/td>\n1920<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bandstand, Peel Park<\/em><\/td>\n1924<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A View of the River Irwell from Peel Park<\/em><\/td>\n1924<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A View from the Window of Royal Technical College, Salford, Looking towards Manchester<\/em><\/td>\n1924<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bandstand, Peel Park<\/em><\/td>\n1925<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A View from the Window of Royal Technical College, Salford, Looking towards Broughton<\/em><\/td>\n1925<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Terrace, Peel Park, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1927<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Peel Park, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1927<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Peel Park, Sketch<\/em><\/td>\nc.1927<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bandstand, Peel Park<\/em><\/td>\n1928<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Steps, Peel Park, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1930<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Bandstand, Peel Park<\/em><\/td>\n1931<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Peel Park, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1944<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Park<\/em><\/td>\n1946<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Bandstand, Peel Park<\/em><\/td>\nc.1954<\/td>\nDate tbc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PENDLEBURY<\/td>\nSt Augustine\u2019s Church, Pendlebury<\/em><\/td>\n1920<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
St Augustine\u2019s Church, Pendlebury<\/em><\/td>\n1924<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Old Farm in Pendlebury<\/em><\/td>\n1925<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
St Augustine\u2019s Church, Pendlebury<\/em><\/td>\n1930<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pendlebury Scene<\/em><\/td>\n1931<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Street Scene<\/em><\/td>\n1935<\/td>\nAcme Mill<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
View in Pendlebury<\/em><\/td>\n1936<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Figures in a Lane<\/em><\/td>\n1936<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Procession<\/em><\/td>\n1937<\/td>\nAnnual Whit-Thursday procession<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Albion Mill<\/em><\/td>\n1941<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Winter in Pendlebury<\/em><\/td>\n1943<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Mill, Pendlebury<\/em><\/td>\n1943<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mill Scene with Figures<\/em><\/td>\n1944<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Iron Works<\/em><\/td>\n1947<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Street in Pendlebury<\/em><\/td>\n1948<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pendlebury Market<\/em><\/td>\nu\/d<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Railway Platform<\/em><\/td>\n1953<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PICCADILLY<\/td>\nPiccadilly<\/em><\/td>\n1930<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Piccadilly Gardens<\/em><\/td>\n1954<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Piccadilly, Manchester<\/em><\/td>\nc.1957<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
POLICE STREET, Eccles<\/td>\nThe Arrest<\/em><\/td>\n1927<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PRESTWICH<\/td>\nPrestwich Clough<\/em><\/td>\n1914<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RAMSBOTTOM<\/td>\nThe Railway Steps, Ramsbottom<\/em><\/td>\n1945<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Steps<\/em><\/td>\n1957<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RICHMOND HILL, Salford<\/td>\nRichmond Hill, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1925<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Richmond Hill, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1957<\/td>\nDate tbc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ST MICHAEL\u2019S FLAGS & ANGEL MEADOW PARK<\/td>\nPlayground<\/em><\/td>\nc.1927<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Steps, Irk Place<\/em><\/td>\n1928<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lancashire Street<\/em><\/td>\n1929<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
St Michael\u2019s Church and All Angels \u2013 Study<\/em><\/td>\n1933<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
View of a Town<\/em><\/td>\n1936<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
St Michael\u2019s Church and All Angels<\/em><\/td>\n1941<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Street Scene<\/em><\/td>\n1941<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Britain at Play<\/em><\/td>\n1943<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Street Scene with Figures<\/em><\/td>\n1944<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Street Scene<\/em><\/td>\n1947<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ST PETER\u2019S SQUARE<\/td>\nReference Library<\/em><\/td>\n1972<\/td>\nBuilt 1930-34; now Central Library<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SALFORD<\/td>\nSalford Street Scene<\/em><\/td>\n1922<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Flat Iron Market<\/em><\/td>\nc.1925<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Belle Vue House, Leaf Square, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1925<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Behind Leaf Square<\/em><\/td>\n1925<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The County Court<\/em><\/td>\n1926<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Tower, Leaf Square<\/em><\/td>\n1926<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
An Old Lamp, Behind Leaf Square<\/em><\/td>\n1926<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
By Christ Church, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1926<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
By the County Court, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1926<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
By St Philip\u2019s Church, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1926<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hulme Place, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1926<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Dwelling, Ordsall Lane, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1927<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A Street Scene, St Simon\u2019s Church<\/em><\/td>\n1927<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
St Simon\u2019s Church <\/em><\/td>\nc.1927<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A Street Scene, St Simon\u2019s Church<\/em><\/td>\n1928<\/td>\nChurch demolished in 1927<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Salford Street Scene<\/em><\/td>\n1928<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Gateway<\/em><\/td>\n1931<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Corner Shop<\/em><\/td>\n1943<\/td>\nIslington Square<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A Footbridge<\/em><\/td>\n1944<\/td>\nPack Saddle or Roving Bridge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Old House, Grove Street, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1948<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Factory Gate<\/em><\/td>\n1951<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Early Morning<\/em><\/td>\n1954<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
St Stephen\u2019s Church, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1956<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Chapel, St Stephen\u2019s Church, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1956<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
North James Henry Street, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1956<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Christ Church, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1956<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Francis Terrace, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1956<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Francis Street, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1957<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sunday Afternoon<\/em><\/td>\n1957<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Man Going to Work\/Figure in a Gateway<\/em><\/td>\n1964<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Church in Salford\/St Philip\u2019s Church<\/em><\/td>\n1965<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
STOCKPORT<\/td>\nThe Stepped Street<\/em><\/td>\n1929<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mealhouse Brow<\/em><\/td>\n1929<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Crowther Street, Stockport<\/em><\/td>\n1930<\/td>\nOriginal houses demolished in the 1960s but restored early in the 2000s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Crowther Street, Stockport<\/em><\/td>\n1934<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Stockport Viaduct<\/em><\/td>\n1942<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Stockport Viaduct<\/em><\/td>\n1943<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Stockport Viaduct<\/em><\/td>\n1944<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Viaduct, Stockport<\/em><\/td>\nc.1950s<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Old Steps, Mealhouse Brow<\/em><\/td>\n1969<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SWINTON<\/td>\nArden\u2019s Farm<\/em><\/td>\nc.1909<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Wardley Farm, Swinton Moss<\/em><\/td>\n1913<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
St Mary\u2019s Church, Swinton<\/em><\/td>\n1913<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Swinton Moss<\/em><\/td>\n1922<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Swinton Industrial Schools<\/em><\/td>\n1930<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
St Mary\u2019s Church, Swinton<\/em><\/td>\n1960<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TOMMYFIELDS MARKET, Oldham<\/td>\nSelling Oilcloth on the Oldham Road<\/em><\/td>\n1914<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
The Lino Market<\/em><\/td>\n1955<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WARDLEY<\/td>\nWardley Farm, Swinton Moss<\/em><\/td>\n1913<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WIGAN<\/td>\nIndustrial Landscape\/Landscape in Wigan<\/em><\/td>\n1925<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

References<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Sandling J & M Leber (2000), Lowry\u2019s City \u2013 A Painter and His Locale, <\/em>Salford:\u00a0 Lowry Press<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Saywell, David, Artists and Places:\u00a0 L S Lowry in Salford and Industrial Towns in Greater Manchester<\/em> (accessed 13\/09\/2024)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

APPENDIX 3:\u00a0 VALETTE LOCATIONS IN GREATER MANCHESTER<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pierre Adolphe Valette (1876-1942) was born in Saint-\u00c9tienne in France and was already something of an established painter when he came to London in 1904.\u00a0 In 1905 he moved to Manchester and initially designed cards and calendars for a printing company but in 1907 he obtained a teaching post at the Manchester Municipal School of Art, where he famously taught L S Lowry.\u00a0 Over the next 10 years he painted a series of pictures of the streets, squares, stations and bridges of foggy Manchester.\u00a0 In about 1917 he changed his style, preferring portraits and landscapes to the grimy cityscapes of Manchester.\u00a0 He resigned his teaching post in 1920 and returned to France in 1928, where he died in 1942.\u00a0 The locations of Valette\u2019s Manchester paintings are listed below.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
LOCATION<\/strong><\/td>\nPICTURE TITLE<\/strong><\/td>\nDATE<\/strong><\/td>\nNOTES<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALBERT SQUARE, Manchester<\/td>\nAlbert Square, Manchester<\/em><\/td>\n1910<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ALL SAINTS\/GROSVENOR SQUARE<\/td>\nHansom Cab at All Saints<\/em><\/td>\n1910<\/td>\nAll Saints church was damaged in the blitz of 1940 and demolished in 1946<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Old Cab at All Saints<\/em><\/td>\n1911<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Presbyterian Church, All Saints<\/em><\/td>\ntbc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CENTRAL STATION<\/td>\nCentral Station<\/em><\/td>\n1910-11<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River IRWELL<\/td>\nWindsor Bridge on the Irwell<\/em><\/td>\n1909<\/td>\nActually depicts Irwell Street Bridge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Manchester Cathedral, Looking up the River Irwell from Bailey Bridge<\/em><\/td>\n1909<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bailey Bridge<\/em><\/td>\n1912<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Under Windsor Bridge on the Irwell<\/em><\/td>\n1912<\/td>\nActually depicts Irwell Street Bridge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER<\/td>\nRooftops, Manchester<\/em><\/td>\nTbc<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Manchester Cathedral, Looking up the River Irwell from Bailey Bridge<\/em><\/td>\n1909<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Plymouth Grove, July<\/em><\/td>\n1909<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Street Scene, Manchester<\/em><\/td>\n1912<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
York Street Leading to Charles Street<\/em><\/td>\n1913<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Manchester Street in the Fog<\/em><\/td>\nc.1910<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Manchester Suburban Scene<\/em><\/td>\ntbc<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MANCHESTER SHIP CANAL<\/td>\nShip Canal, Sunset<\/em><\/td>\nc.1908<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Manchester Ship Canal and Warehouses<\/em><\/td>\n1908<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Trafford Road Swing Bridge<\/em><\/td>\nc.1910<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Trafford Bridge and Pomona Dock<\/em><\/td>\ntbc<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tug on a Canal in Manchester<\/em><\/td>\ntbc<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
River MEDLOCK<\/td>\nIndia House<\/em><\/td>\n1912<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NEW BAILEY BRIDGE<\/td>\nManchester Cathedral, Looking up the River Irwell from Bailey Bridge<\/em><\/td>\n1909<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bailey Bridge<\/em><\/td>\n1912<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
OXFORD ROAD, Manchester<\/td>\nOxford Road, Manchester<\/em><\/td>\n1910<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Houses on Oxford Street, Sunset<\/em><\/td>\nc.1910<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PLYMOUTH GROVE, Manchester<\/td>\nPlymouth Grove, July<\/em><\/td>\n1909<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ROMILEY<\/td>\nRomiley<\/em><\/td>\n1916<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ST PETER\u2019S SQUARE, Manchester<\/td>\nSt Peter\u2019s Square, Manchester<\/em><\/td>\ntbc<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SALE<\/td>\nSale, near Manchester<\/em><\/td>\n1907<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SALFORD<\/td>\nCastlegate, Salford<\/em><\/td>\n1912<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
WINDSOR BRIDGE<\/td>\nWindsor Bridge on the Irwell<\/em><\/td>\n1909<\/td>\nBoth paintings in fact depict the Irwell Street Bridge, not Windsor Bridge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Under Windsor Bridge on the Irwell<\/em><\/td>\n1912<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

References<\/p>\n

Martin, Sandra (2007), Adolphe Valette \u2013 A French Impressionist in Manchester<\/em>, London:\u00a0 Scala Publishers<\/p>\n

Webb, Poul, Arts and Artists:\u00a0 Adolphe Valette <\/em>(accessed 23\/11\/2024)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

GREATER MANCHESTER PLACE NAMES Compiled by Richard West Cover image under licence from Alamy.\u00a0 Reference OY0101324868 Download complete file here (last updated March 2026) INTRODUCTION It is now more than 50 years since the formation of Greater Manchester but there is still no full account of the place names of Britain\u2019s second-most populous county.\u00a0 Harland\u2019s … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-8","page","type-page","status-publish"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/greatermanchesterplacenames.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/greatermanchesterplacenames.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/greatermanchesterplacenames.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/greatermanchesterplacenames.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/greatermanchesterplacenames.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/greatermanchesterplacenames.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":100,"href":"https:\/\/greatermanchesterplacenames.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/8\/revisions\/100"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/greatermanchesterplacenames.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}